Auto merge of #76814 - jackh726:binder-refactor, r=nikomatsakis

Refactor `Binder` to track bound vars

c.c. `@rust-lang/wg-traits`

This is super early (and might just get closed at some point), but want to get at least an initial idea of the perf impact.

r? `@ghost`

106 files changed, 1851 insertions, 714 deletions

diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir.rs
index 03af81ae02a..6317808e7fb 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir.rs
@@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ pub enum TraitBoundModifier {
 /// `typeck::collect::compute_bounds` matches these against
 /// the "special" built-in traits (see `middle::lang_items`) and
 /// detects `Copy`, `Send` and `Sync`.
-#[derive(Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
 pub enum GenericBound<'hir> {
     Trait(PolyTraitRef<'hir>, TraitBoundModifier),
     // FIXME(davidtwco): Introduce `PolyTraitRef::LangItem`
@@ -2556,7 +2556,7 @@ pub enum UseKind {
 /// that the `ref_id` is for. Note that `ref_id`'s value is not the `HirId` of the
 /// trait being referred to but just a unique `HirId` that serves as a key
 /// within the resolution map.
-#[derive(Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
 pub struct TraitRef<'hir> {
     pub path: &'hir Path<'hir>,
     // Don't hash the `ref_id`. It is tracked via the thing it is used to access.
@@ -2575,7 +2575,7 @@ impl TraitRef<'_> {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
 pub struct PolyTraitRef<'hir> {
     /// The `'a` in `for<'a> Foo<&'a T>`.
     pub bound_generic_params: &'hir [GenericParam<'hir>],
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/canonicalizer.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/canonicalizer.rs
index aa4fd055d5e..c68705da413 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/canonicalizer.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/canonicalizer.rs
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> TypeFolder<'tcx> for Canonicalizer<'cx, 'tcx> {
         self.tcx
     }
 
-    fn fold_binder<T>(&mut self, t: ty::Binder<T>) -> ty::Binder<T>
+    fn fold_binder<T>(&mut self, t: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>) -> ty::Binder<'tcx, T>
     where
         T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
     {
@@ -621,7 +621,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> Canonicalizer<'cx, 'tcx> {
         r: ty::Region<'tcx>,
     ) -> ty::Region<'tcx> {
         let var = self.canonical_var(info, r.into());
-        let br = ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrAnon(var.as_u32()) };
+        let br = ty::BoundRegion { var, kind: ty::BrAnon(var.as_u32()) };
         let region = ty::ReLateBound(self.binder_index, br);
         self.tcx().mk_region(region)
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/query_response.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/query_response.rs
index f000d491b99..b8ecc949588 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/query_response.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/query_response.rs
@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'cx, 'tcx> {
 
                         // We only allow a `ty::INNERMOST` index in substitutions.
                         assert_eq!(debruijn, ty::INNERMOST);
-                        opt_values[br.assert_bound_var()] = Some(*original_value);
+                        opt_values[br.var] = Some(*original_value);
                     }
                 }
                 GenericArgKind::Const(result_value) => {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/substitute.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/substitute.rs
index 387f480814a..553a11d4393 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/substitute.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/substitute.rs
@@ -71,11 +71,10 @@ where
     if var_values.var_values.is_empty() {
         value
     } else {
-        let fld_r =
-            |br: ty::BoundRegion| match var_values.var_values[br.assert_bound_var()].unpack() {
-                GenericArgKind::Lifetime(l) => l,
-                r => bug!("{:?} is a region but value is {:?}", br, r),
-            };
+        let fld_r = |br: ty::BoundRegion| match var_values.var_values[br.var].unpack() {
+            GenericArgKind::Lifetime(l) => l,
+            r => bug!("{:?} is a region but value is {:?}", br, r),
+        };
 
         let fld_t = |bound_ty: ty::BoundTy| match var_values.var_values[bound_ty.var].unpack() {
             GenericArgKind::Type(ty) => ty,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/combine.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/combine.rs
index ffe947d209d..debf1082537 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/combine.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/combine.rs
@@ -545,9 +545,9 @@ impl TypeRelation<'tcx> for Generalizer<'_, 'tcx> {
 
     fn binders<T>(
         &mut self,
-        a: ty::Binder<T>,
-        b: ty::Binder<T>,
-    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<T>>
+        a: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+        b: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<'tcx, T>>
     where
         T: Relate<'tcx>,
     {
@@ -840,9 +840,9 @@ impl TypeRelation<'tcx> for ConstInferUnifier<'_, 'tcx> {
 
     fn binders<T>(
         &mut self,
-        a: ty::Binder<T>,
-        b: ty::Binder<T>,
-    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<T>>
+        a: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+        b: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<'tcx, T>>
     where
         T: Relate<'tcx>,
     {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/equate.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/equate.rs
index 7c388b5503e..45ba50bb634 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/equate.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/equate.rs
@@ -124,9 +124,9 @@ impl TypeRelation<'tcx> for Equate<'combine, 'infcx, 'tcx> {
 
     fn binders<T>(
         &mut self,
-        a: ty::Binder<T>,
-        b: ty::Binder<T>,
-    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<T>>
+        a: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+        b: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<'tcx, T>>
     where
         T: Relate<'tcx>,
     {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/mod.rs
index a18c9569a8c..a91bd9ce2ff 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/mod.rs
@@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
 
             fn print_dyn_existential(
                 self,
-                _predicates: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
+                _predicates: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
             ) -> Result<Self::DynExistential, Self::Error> {
                 Err(NonTrivialPath)
             }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/find_anon_type.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/find_anon_type.rs
index 35b9bc96f13..58eb1e9aa12 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/find_anon_type.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/find_anon_type.rs
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ impl Visitor<'tcx> for FindNestedTypeVisitor<'tcx> {
                     // error. We will then search the function parameters for a bound
                     // region at the right depth with the same index
                     (
-                        Some(rl::Region::LateBoundAnon(debruijn_index, anon_index)),
+                        Some(rl::Region::LateBoundAnon(debruijn_index, _, anon_index)),
                         ty::BrAnon(br_index),
                     ) => {
                         debug!(
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ impl Visitor<'tcx> for FindNestedTypeVisitor<'tcx> {
                     // error. We will then search the function parameters for a bound
                     // region at the right depth with the same index
                     (
-                        Some(rl::Region::LateBound(debruijn_index, id, _)),
+                        Some(rl::Region::LateBound(debruijn_index, _, id, _)),
                         ty::BrNamed(def_id, _),
                     ) => {
                         debug!(
@@ -162,8 +162,8 @@ impl Visitor<'tcx> for FindNestedTypeVisitor<'tcx> {
                             rl::Region::Static
                             | rl::Region::Free(_, _)
                             | rl::Region::EarlyBound(_, _, _)
-                            | rl::Region::LateBound(_, _, _)
-                            | rl::Region::LateBoundAnon(_, _),
+                            | rl::Region::LateBound(_, _, _, _)
+                            | rl::Region::LateBoundAnon(_, _, _),
                         )
                         | None,
                         _,
@@ -217,7 +217,10 @@ impl Visitor<'tcx> for TyPathVisitor<'tcx> {
     fn visit_lifetime(&mut self, lifetime: &hir::Lifetime) {
         match (self.tcx.named_region(lifetime.hir_id), self.bound_region) {
             // the lifetime of the TyPath!
-            (Some(rl::Region::LateBoundAnon(debruijn_index, anon_index)), ty::BrAnon(br_index)) => {
+            (
+                Some(rl::Region::LateBoundAnon(debruijn_index, _, anon_index)),
+                ty::BrAnon(br_index),
+            ) => {
                 if debruijn_index == self.current_index && anon_index == br_index {
                     self.found_it = true;
                     return;
@@ -232,7 +235,7 @@ impl Visitor<'tcx> for TyPathVisitor<'tcx> {
                 }
             }
 
-            (Some(rl::Region::LateBound(debruijn_index, id, _)), ty::BrNamed(def_id, _)) => {
+            (Some(rl::Region::LateBound(debruijn_index, _, id, _)), ty::BrNamed(def_id, _)) => {
                 debug!("FindNestedTypeVisitor::visit_ty: LateBound depth = {:?}", debruijn_index,);
                 debug!("id={:?}", id);
                 debug!("def_id={:?}", def_id);
@@ -246,8 +249,8 @@ impl Visitor<'tcx> for TyPathVisitor<'tcx> {
                 Some(
                     rl::Region::Static
                     | rl::Region::EarlyBound(_, _, _)
-                    | rl::Region::LateBound(_, _, _)
-                    | rl::Region::LateBoundAnon(_, _)
+                    | rl::Region::LateBound(_, _, _, _)
+                    | rl::Region::LateBoundAnon(_, _, _)
                     | rl::Region::Free(_, _),
                 )
                 | None,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/glb.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/glb.rs
index ccba904df9e..02662043dba 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/glb.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/glb.rs
@@ -85,9 +85,9 @@ impl TypeRelation<'tcx> for Glb<'combine, 'infcx, 'tcx> {
 
     fn binders<T>(
         &mut self,
-        a: ty::Binder<T>,
-        b: ty::Binder<T>,
-    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<T>>
+        a: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+        b: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<'tcx, T>>
     where
         T: Relate<'tcx>,
     {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/higher_ranked/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/higher_ranked/mod.rs
index e794903fca3..d460222df8a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/higher_ranked/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/higher_ranked/mod.rs
@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@ use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Binder, TypeFoldable};
 impl<'a, 'tcx> CombineFields<'a, 'tcx> {
     pub fn higher_ranked_sub<T>(
         &mut self,
-        a: Binder<T>,
-        b: Binder<T>,
+        a: Binder<'tcx, T>,
+        b: Binder<'tcx, T>,
         a_is_expected: bool,
-    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, Binder<T>>
+    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, Binder<'tcx, T>>
     where
         T: Relate<'tcx>,
     {
@@ -50,7 +50,10 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> CombineFields<'a, 'tcx> {
 
             debug!("higher_ranked_sub: OK result={:?}", result);
 
-            Ok(ty::Binder::bind(result))
+            // We related `a_prime` and `b_prime`, which just had any bound vars
+            // replaced with placeholders or infer vars, respectively. Relating
+            // them should not introduce new bound vars.
+            Ok(ty::Binder::dummy(result))
         })
     }
 }
@@ -66,7 +69,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
     /// the [rustc dev guide].
     ///
     /// [rustc dev guide]: https://rustc-dev-guide.rust-lang.org/traits/hrtb.html
-    pub fn replace_bound_vars_with_placeholders<T>(&self, binder: ty::Binder<T>) -> T
+    pub fn replace_bound_vars_with_placeholders<T>(&self, binder: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>) -> T
     where
         T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
     {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/lub.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/lub.rs
index 9f43fac0916..4fa8f2f1a6a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/lub.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/lub.rs
@@ -85,9 +85,9 @@ impl TypeRelation<'tcx> for Lub<'combine, 'infcx, 'tcx> {
 
     fn binders<T>(
         &mut self,
-        a: ty::Binder<T>,
-        b: ty::Binder<T>,
-    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<T>>
+        a: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+        b: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<'tcx, T>>
     where
         T: Relate<'tcx>,
     {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/mod.rs
index 9fb045e8e40..eaec6b46bcd 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/mod.rs
@@ -1406,7 +1406,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         &self,
         span: Span,
         lbrct: LateBoundRegionConversionTime,
-        value: ty::Binder<T>,
+        value: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
     ) -> (T, BTreeMap<ty::BoundRegion, ty::Region<'tcx>>)
     where
         T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/nll_relate/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/nll_relate/mod.rs
index e5eb771603c..fc9ea07866c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/nll_relate/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/nll_relate/mod.rs
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ where
 
     fn create_scope(
         &mut self,
-        value: ty::Binder<impl Relate<'tcx>>,
+        value: ty::Binder<'tcx, impl Relate<'tcx>>,
         universally_quantified: UniversallyQuantified,
     ) -> BoundRegionScope<'tcx> {
         let mut scope = BoundRegionScope::default();
@@ -608,9 +608,9 @@ where
 
     fn binders<T>(
         &mut self,
-        a: ty::Binder<T>,
-        b: ty::Binder<T>,
-    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<T>>
+        a: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+        b: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<'tcx, T>>
     where
         T: Relate<'tcx>,
     {
@@ -744,7 +744,7 @@ struct ScopeInstantiator<'me, 'tcx> {
 impl<'me, 'tcx> TypeVisitor<'tcx> for ScopeInstantiator<'me, 'tcx> {
     fn visit_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(
         &mut self,
-        t: &ty::Binder<T>,
+        t: &ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
     ) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
         self.target_index.shift_in(1);
         t.super_visit_with(self);
@@ -997,9 +997,9 @@ where
 
     fn binders<T>(
         &mut self,
-        a: ty::Binder<T>,
-        _: ty::Binder<T>,
-    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<T>>
+        a: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+        _: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<'tcx, T>>
     where
         T: Relate<'tcx>,
     {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/sub.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/sub.rs
index 66871985158..bf5f328233d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/sub.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/sub.rs
@@ -162,9 +162,9 @@ impl TypeRelation<'tcx> for Sub<'combine, 'infcx, 'tcx> {
 
     fn binders<T>(
         &mut self,
-        a: ty::Binder<T>,
-        b: ty::Binder<T>,
-    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<T>>
+        a: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+        b: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<'tcx, T>>
     where
         T: Relate<'tcx>,
     {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/mod.rs
index 0882d682e15..a33234a91fa 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/mod.rs
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ impl<'tcx> FulfillmentError<'tcx> {
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> TraitObligation<'tcx> {
-    pub fn self_ty(&self) -> ty::Binder<Ty<'tcx>> {
+    pub fn self_ty(&self) -> ty::Binder<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>> {
         self.predicate.map_bound(|p| p.self_ty())
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/context.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/context.rs
index e4403f879ff..14bd823ea22 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/context.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/context.rs
@@ -909,7 +909,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateContext<'tcx> {
 
             fn print_dyn_existential(
                 self,
-                _predicates: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
+                _predicates: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
             ) -> Result<Self::DynExistential, Self::Error> {
                 Ok(())
             }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ich/impls_ty.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ich/impls_ty.rs
index 573b514e844..8e53e4ba948 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ich/impls_ty.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ich/impls_ty.rs
@@ -70,16 +70,16 @@ impl<'a> HashStable<StableHashingContext<'a>> for ty::RegionKind {
             ty::ReEmpty(universe) => {
                 universe.hash_stable(hcx, hasher);
             }
-            ty::ReLateBound(db, ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrAnon(i) }) => {
+            ty::ReLateBound(db, ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrAnon(i), .. }) => {
                 db.hash_stable(hcx, hasher);
                 i.hash_stable(hcx, hasher);
             }
-            ty::ReLateBound(db, ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrNamed(def_id, name) }) => {
+            ty::ReLateBound(db, ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrNamed(def_id, name), .. }) => {
                 db.hash_stable(hcx, hasher);
                 def_id.hash_stable(hcx, hasher);
                 name.hash_stable(hcx, hasher);
             }
-            ty::ReLateBound(db, ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrEnv }) => {
+            ty::ReLateBound(db, ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrEnv, .. }) => {
                 db.hash_stable(hcx, hasher);
             }
             ty::ReEarlyBound(ty::EarlyBoundRegion { def_id, index, name }) => {
@@ -118,12 +118,13 @@ impl<'tcx> HashStable<StableHashingContext<'tcx>> for ty::BoundVar {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, T> HashStable<StableHashingContext<'a>> for ty::Binder<T>
+impl<'a, 'tcx, T> HashStable<StableHashingContext<'a>> for ty::Binder<'tcx, T>
 where
     T: HashStable<StableHashingContext<'a>>,
 {
     fn hash_stable(&self, hcx: &mut StableHashingContext<'a>, hasher: &mut StableHasher) {
         self.as_ref().skip_binder().hash_stable(hcx, hasher);
+        self.bound_vars().hash_stable(hcx, hasher);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/infer/canonical.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/infer/canonical.rs
index 7ed4cbf034f..5df2f91f09f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/infer/canonical.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/infer/canonical.rs
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ impl<'tcx, V> Canonical<'tcx, V> {
 }
 
 pub type QueryOutlivesConstraint<'tcx> =
-    ty::Binder<ty::OutlivesPredicate<GenericArg<'tcx>, Region<'tcx>>>;
+    ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::OutlivesPredicate<GenericArg<'tcx>, Region<'tcx>>>;
 
 TrivialTypeFoldableAndLiftImpls! {
     for <'tcx> {
@@ -314,7 +314,8 @@ impl<'tcx> CanonicalVarValues<'tcx> {
                         tcx.mk_ty(ty::Bound(ty::INNERMOST, ty::BoundVar::from_u32(i).into())).into()
                     }
                     GenericArgKind::Lifetime(..) => {
-                        let br = ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrAnon(i) };
+                        let br =
+                            ty::BoundRegion { var: ty::BoundVar::from_u32(i), kind: ty::BrAnon(i) };
                         tcx.mk_region(ty::ReLateBound(ty::INNERMOST, br)).into()
                     }
                     GenericArgKind::Const(ct) => tcx
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/resolve_lifetime.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/resolve_lifetime.rs
index 32615f6c410..aa6488b329e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/resolve_lifetime.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/resolve_lifetime.rs
@@ -39,8 +39,13 @@ impl LifetimeDefOrigin {
 pub enum Region {
     Static,
     EarlyBound(/* index */ u32, /* lifetime decl */ DefId, LifetimeDefOrigin),
-    LateBound(ty::DebruijnIndex, /* lifetime decl */ DefId, LifetimeDefOrigin),
-    LateBoundAnon(ty::DebruijnIndex, /* anon index */ u32),
+    LateBound(
+        ty::DebruijnIndex,
+        /* late-bound index */ u32,
+        /* lifetime decl */ DefId,
+        LifetimeDefOrigin,
+    ),
+    LateBoundAnon(ty::DebruijnIndex, /* late-bound index */ u32, /* anon index */ u32),
     Free(DefId, /* lifetime decl */ DefId),
 }
 
@@ -78,4 +83,6 @@ pub struct ResolveLifetimes {
     /// be late-bound if (a) it does NOT appear in a where-clause and
     /// (b) it DOES appear in the arguments.
     pub late_bound: FxHashMap<LocalDefId, FxHashSet<ItemLocalId>>,
+
+    pub late_bound_vars: FxHashMap<LocalDefId, FxHashMap<ItemLocalId, Vec<ty::BoundVariableKind>>>,
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs
index fbd5af9d0a9..99d063c7eea 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs
@@ -1290,6 +1290,10 @@ rustc_queries! {
         -> Option<Vec<ObjectLifetimeDefault>> {
         desc { "looking up lifetime defaults for a region on an item" }
     }
+    query late_bound_vars_map(_: LocalDefId)
+        -> Option<&'tcx FxHashMap<ItemLocalId, Vec<ty::BoundVariableKind>>> {
+        desc { "looking up late bound vars" }
+    }
 
     query visibility(def_id: DefId) -> ty::Visibility {
         eval_always
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/traits/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/traits/mod.rs
index 90b82020551..922d14bc2f5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/traits/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/traits/mod.rs
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ impl ObligationCauseCode<'_> {
 
 // `ObligationCauseCode` is used a lot. Make sure it doesn't unintentionally get bigger.
 #[cfg(all(target_arch = "x86_64", target_pointer_width = "64"))]
-static_assert_size!(ObligationCauseCode<'_>, 32);
+static_assert_size!(ObligationCauseCode<'_>, 40);
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub enum StatementAsExpression {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/_match.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/_match.rs
index a5962e3b3ba..8e2c79701af 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/_match.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/_match.rs
@@ -112,9 +112,9 @@ impl TypeRelation<'tcx> for Match<'tcx> {
 
     fn binders<T>(
         &mut self,
-        a: ty::Binder<T>,
-        b: ty::Binder<T>,
-    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<T>>
+        a: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+        b: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<'tcx, T>>
     where
         T: Relate<'tcx>,
     {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/codec.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/codec.rs
index 59e1695cdb9..d7767dc39cb 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/codec.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/codec.rs
@@ -120,8 +120,9 @@ impl<'tcx, E: TyEncoder<'tcx>> Encodable<E> for Ty<'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tcx, E: TyEncoder<'tcx>> Encodable<E> for ty::Binder<ty::PredicateKind<'tcx>> {
+impl<'tcx, E: TyEncoder<'tcx>> Encodable<E> for ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::PredicateKind<'tcx>> {
     fn encode(&self, e: &mut E) -> Result<(), E::Error> {
+        self.bound_vars().encode(e)?;
         encode_with_shorthand(e, &self.skip_binder(), TyEncoder::predicate_shorthands)
     }
 }
@@ -226,18 +227,22 @@ impl<'tcx, D: TyDecoder<'tcx>> Decodable<D> for Ty<'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tcx, D: TyDecoder<'tcx>> Decodable<D> for ty::Binder<ty::PredicateKind<'tcx>> {
-    fn decode(decoder: &mut D) -> Result<ty::Binder<ty::PredicateKind<'tcx>>, D::Error> {
+impl<'tcx, D: TyDecoder<'tcx>> Decodable<D> for ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::PredicateKind<'tcx>> {
+    fn decode(decoder: &mut D) -> Result<ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::PredicateKind<'tcx>>, D::Error> {
+        let bound_vars = Decodable::decode(decoder)?;
         // Handle shorthands first, if we have an usize > 0x80.
-        Ok(ty::Binder::bind(if decoder.positioned_at_shorthand() {
-            let pos = decoder.read_usize()?;
-            assert!(pos >= SHORTHAND_OFFSET);
-            let shorthand = pos - SHORTHAND_OFFSET;
-
-            decoder.with_position(shorthand, ty::PredicateKind::decode)?
-        } else {
-            ty::PredicateKind::decode(decoder)?
-        }))
+        Ok(ty::Binder::bind_with_vars(
+            if decoder.positioned_at_shorthand() {
+                let pos = decoder.read_usize()?;
+                assert!(pos >= SHORTHAND_OFFSET);
+                let shorthand = pos - SHORTHAND_OFFSET;
+
+                decoder.with_position(shorthand, ty::PredicateKind::decode)?
+            } else {
+                ty::PredicateKind::decode(decoder)?
+            },
+            bound_vars,
+        ))
     }
 }
 
@@ -319,7 +324,7 @@ impl<'tcx, D: TyDecoder<'tcx>> RefDecodable<'tcx, D> for ty::List<Ty<'tcx>> {
 }
 
 impl<'tcx, D: TyDecoder<'tcx>> RefDecodable<'tcx, D>
-    for ty::List<ty::Binder<ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>
+    for ty::List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>
 {
     fn decode(decoder: &mut D) -> Result<&'tcx Self, D::Error> {
         let len = decoder.read_usize()?;
@@ -379,15 +384,23 @@ impl<'tcx, D: TyDecoder<'tcx>> RefDecodable<'tcx, D> for [mir::abstract_const::N
     }
 }
 
+impl<'tcx, D: TyDecoder<'tcx>> RefDecodable<'tcx, D> for ty::List<ty::BoundVariableKind> {
+    fn decode(decoder: &mut D) -> Result<&'tcx Self, D::Error> {
+        let len = decoder.read_usize()?;
+        Ok(decoder.tcx().mk_bound_variable_kinds((0..len).map(|_| Decodable::decode(decoder)))?)
+    }
+}
+
 impl_decodable_via_ref! {
     &'tcx ty::TypeckResults<'tcx>,
     &'tcx ty::List<Ty<'tcx>>,
-    &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
+    &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
     &'tcx Allocation,
     &'tcx mir::Body<'tcx>,
     &'tcx mir::UnsafetyCheckResult,
     &'tcx mir::BorrowCheckResult<'tcx>,
-    &'tcx mir::coverage::CodeRegion
+    &'tcx mir::coverage::CodeRegion,
+    &'tcx ty::List<ty::BoundVariableKind>
 }
 
 #[macro_export]
@@ -488,14 +501,16 @@ macro_rules! implement_ty_decoder {
 macro_rules! impl_binder_encode_decode {
     ($($t:ty),+ $(,)?) => {
         $(
-            impl<'tcx, E: TyEncoder<'tcx>> Encodable<E> for ty::Binder<$t> {
+            impl<'tcx, E: TyEncoder<'tcx>> Encodable<E> for ty::Binder<'tcx, $t> {
                 fn encode(&self, e: &mut E) -> Result<(), E::Error> {
+                    self.bound_vars().encode(e)?;
                     self.as_ref().skip_binder().encode(e)
                 }
             }
-            impl<'tcx, D: TyDecoder<'tcx>> Decodable<D> for ty::Binder<$t> {
+            impl<'tcx, D: TyDecoder<'tcx>> Decodable<D> for ty::Binder<'tcx, $t> {
                 fn decode(decoder: &mut D) -> Result<Self, D::Error> {
-                    Ok(ty::Binder::bind(Decodable::decode(decoder)?))
+                    let bound_vars = Decodable::decode(decoder)?;
+                    Ok(ty::Binder::bind_with_vars(Decodable::decode(decoder)?, bound_vars))
                 }
             }
         )*
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context.rs
index 94c1758b25c..bb2b00cbaea 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context.rs
@@ -87,7 +87,8 @@ pub struct CtxtInterners<'tcx> {
     substs: InternedSet<'tcx, InternalSubsts<'tcx>>,
     canonical_var_infos: InternedSet<'tcx, List<CanonicalVarInfo<'tcx>>>,
     region: InternedSet<'tcx, RegionKind>,
-    poly_existential_predicates: InternedSet<'tcx, List<ty::Binder<ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>>,
+    poly_existential_predicates:
+        InternedSet<'tcx, List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>>,
     predicate: InternedSet<'tcx, PredicateInner<'tcx>>,
     predicates: InternedSet<'tcx, List<Predicate<'tcx>>>,
     projs: InternedSet<'tcx, List<ProjectionKind>>,
@@ -95,6 +96,7 @@ pub struct CtxtInterners<'tcx> {
     const_: InternedSet<'tcx, Const<'tcx>>,
     /// Const allocations.
     allocation: InternedSet<'tcx, Allocation>,
+    bound_variable_kinds: InternedSet<'tcx, List<ty::BoundVariableKind>>,
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> CtxtInterners<'tcx> {
@@ -113,6 +115,7 @@ impl<'tcx> CtxtInterners<'tcx> {
             place_elems: Default::default(),
             const_: Default::default(),
             allocation: Default::default(),
+            bound_variable_kinds: Default::default(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -136,7 +139,10 @@ impl<'tcx> CtxtInterners<'tcx> {
     }
 
     #[inline(never)]
-    fn intern_predicate(&self, kind: Binder<PredicateKind<'tcx>>) -> &'tcx PredicateInner<'tcx> {
+    fn intern_predicate(
+        &self,
+        kind: Binder<'tcx, PredicateKind<'tcx>>,
+    ) -> &'tcx PredicateInner<'tcx> {
         self.predicate
             .intern(kind, |kind| {
                 let flags = super::flags::FlagComputation::for_predicate(kind);
@@ -449,7 +455,7 @@ pub struct TypeckResults<'tcx> {
 
     /// Stores the type, expression, span and optional scope span of all types
     /// that are live across the yield of this generator (if a generator).
-    pub generator_interior_types: ty::Binder<Vec<GeneratorInteriorTypeCause<'tcx>>>,
+    pub generator_interior_types: ty::Binder<'tcx, Vec<GeneratorInteriorTypeCause<'tcx>>>,
 
     /// We sometimes treat byte string literals (which are of type `&[u8; N]`)
     /// as `&[u8]`, depending on the pattern  in which they are used.
@@ -804,7 +810,7 @@ impl CanonicalUserType<'tcx> {
                             ty::ReLateBound(debruijn, br) => {
                                 // We only allow a `ty::INNERMOST` index in substitutions.
                                 assert_eq!(*debruijn, ty::INNERMOST);
-                                cvar == br.assert_bound_var()
+                                cvar == br.var
                             }
                             _ => false,
                         },
@@ -1616,10 +1622,11 @@ nop_lift! {allocation; &'a Allocation => &'tcx Allocation}
 nop_lift! {predicate; &'a PredicateInner<'a> => &'tcx PredicateInner<'tcx>}
 
 nop_list_lift! {type_list; Ty<'a> => Ty<'tcx>}
-nop_list_lift! {poly_existential_predicates; ty::Binder<ExistentialPredicate<'a>> => ty::Binder<ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>}
+nop_list_lift! {poly_existential_predicates; ty::Binder<'a, ExistentialPredicate<'a>> => ty::Binder<'tcx, ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>}
 nop_list_lift! {predicates; Predicate<'a> => Predicate<'tcx>}
 nop_list_lift! {canonical_var_infos; CanonicalVarInfo<'a> => CanonicalVarInfo<'tcx>}
 nop_list_lift! {projs; ProjectionKind => ProjectionKind}
+nop_list_lift! {bound_variable_kinds; ty::BoundVariableKind => ty::BoundVariableKind}
 
 // This is the impl for `&'a InternalSubsts<'a>`.
 nop_list_lift! {substs; GenericArg<'a> => GenericArg<'tcx>}
@@ -1965,8 +1972,8 @@ impl<'tcx> Hash for Interned<'tcx, PredicateInner<'tcx>> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tcx> Borrow<Binder<PredicateKind<'tcx>>> for Interned<'tcx, PredicateInner<'tcx>> {
-    fn borrow<'a>(&'a self) -> &'a Binder<PredicateKind<'tcx>> {
+impl<'tcx> Borrow<Binder<'tcx, PredicateKind<'tcx>>> for Interned<'tcx, PredicateInner<'tcx>> {
+    fn borrow<'a>(&'a self) -> &'a Binder<'tcx, PredicateKind<'tcx>> {
         &self.0.kind
     }
 }
@@ -2072,10 +2079,11 @@ slice_interners!(
     substs: _intern_substs(GenericArg<'tcx>),
     canonical_var_infos: _intern_canonical_var_infos(CanonicalVarInfo<'tcx>),
     poly_existential_predicates:
-        _intern_poly_existential_predicates(ty::Binder<ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>),
+        _intern_poly_existential_predicates(ty::Binder<'tcx, ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>),
     predicates: _intern_predicates(Predicate<'tcx>),
     projs: _intern_projs(ProjectionKind),
     place_elems: _intern_place_elems(PlaceElem<'tcx>),
+    bound_variable_kinds: _intern_bound_variable_kinds(ty::BoundVariableKind),
 );
 
 impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
@@ -2158,7 +2166,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn mk_predicate(self, binder: Binder<PredicateKind<'tcx>>) -> Predicate<'tcx> {
+    pub fn mk_predicate(self, binder: Binder<'tcx, PredicateKind<'tcx>>) -> Predicate<'tcx> {
         let inner = self.interners.intern_predicate(binder);
         Predicate { inner }
     }
@@ -2167,7 +2175,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
     pub fn reuse_or_mk_predicate(
         self,
         pred: Predicate<'tcx>,
-        binder: Binder<PredicateKind<'tcx>>,
+        binder: Binder<'tcx, PredicateKind<'tcx>>,
     ) -> Predicate<'tcx> {
         if pred.kind() != binder { self.mk_predicate(binder) } else { pred }
     }
@@ -2334,7 +2342,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
     #[inline]
     pub fn mk_dynamic(
         self,
-        obj: &'tcx List<ty::Binder<ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
+        obj: &'tcx List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
         reg: ty::Region<'tcx>,
     ) -> Ty<'tcx> {
         self.mk_ty(Dynamic(obj, reg))
@@ -2361,7 +2369,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn mk_generator_witness(self, types: ty::Binder<&'tcx List<Ty<'tcx>>>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
+    pub fn mk_generator_witness(self, types: ty::Binder<'tcx, &'tcx List<Ty<'tcx>>>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
         self.mk_ty(GeneratorWitness(types))
     }
 
@@ -2466,8 +2474,8 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
 
     pub fn intern_poly_existential_predicates(
         self,
-        eps: &[ty::Binder<ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>],
-    ) -> &'tcx List<ty::Binder<ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>> {
+        eps: &[ty::Binder<'tcx, ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>],
+    ) -> &'tcx List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>> {
         assert!(!eps.is_empty());
         assert!(
             eps.array_windows()
@@ -2512,6 +2520,13 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
         if ts.is_empty() { List::empty() } else { self._intern_canonical_var_infos(ts) }
     }
 
+    pub fn intern_bound_variable_kinds(
+        self,
+        ts: &[ty::BoundVariableKind],
+    ) -> &'tcx List<ty::BoundVariableKind> {
+        if ts.is_empty() { List::empty() } else { self._intern_bound_variable_kinds(ts) }
+    }
+
     pub fn mk_fn_sig<I>(
         self,
         inputs: I,
@@ -2533,8 +2548,8 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
 
     pub fn mk_poly_existential_predicates<
         I: InternAs<
-            [ty::Binder<ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>],
-            &'tcx List<ty::Binder<ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
+            [ty::Binder<'tcx, ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>],
+            &'tcx List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
         >,
     >(
         self,
@@ -2572,6 +2587,15 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
         self.mk_substs(iter::once(self_ty.into()).chain(rest.iter().cloned()))
     }
 
+    pub fn mk_bound_variable_kinds<
+        I: InternAs<[ty::BoundVariableKind], &'tcx List<ty::BoundVariableKind>>,
+    >(
+        self,
+        iter: I,
+    ) -> I::Output {
+        iter.intern_with(|xs| self.intern_bound_variable_kinds(xs))
+    }
+
     /// Walks upwards from `id` to find a node which might change lint levels with attributes.
     /// It stops at `bound` and just returns it if reached.
     pub fn maybe_lint_level_root_bounded(self, mut id: HirId, bound: HirId) -> HirId {
@@ -2648,6 +2672,17 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
     pub fn object_lifetime_defaults(self, id: HirId) -> Option<Vec<ObjectLifetimeDefault>> {
         self.object_lifetime_defaults_map(id.owner)
     }
+
+    pub fn late_bound_vars(self, id: HirId) -> &'tcx List<ty::BoundVariableKind> {
+        self.mk_bound_variable_kinds(
+            self.late_bound_vars_map(id.owner)
+                .and_then(|map| map.get(&id.local_id).cloned())
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| {
+                    bug!("No bound vars found for {:?} ({:?})", self.hir().node_to_string(id), id)
+                })
+                .iter(),
+        )
+    }
 }
 
 impl TyCtxtAt<'tcx> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/erase_regions.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/erase_regions.rs
index 4412ba9408c..79e88662f65 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/erase_regions.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/erase_regions.rs
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ impl TypeFolder<'tcx> for RegionEraserVisitor<'tcx> {
         if ty.needs_infer() { ty.super_fold_with(self) } else { self.tcx.erase_regions_ty(ty) }
     }
 
-    fn fold_binder<T>(&mut self, t: ty::Binder<T>) -> ty::Binder<T>
+    fn fold_binder<T>(&mut self, t: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>) -> ty::Binder<'tcx, T>
     where
         T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
     {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/error.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/error.rs
index f19cc998449..4767e5743c2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/error.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/error.rs
@@ -57,7 +57,9 @@ pub enum TypeError<'tcx> {
     CyclicTy(Ty<'tcx>),
     CyclicConst(&'tcx ty::Const<'tcx>),
     ProjectionMismatched(ExpectedFound<DefId>),
-    ExistentialMismatch(ExpectedFound<&'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>>),
+    ExistentialMismatch(
+        ExpectedFound<&'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>>,
+    ),
     ObjectUnsafeCoercion(DefId),
     ConstMismatch(ExpectedFound<&'tcx ty::Const<'tcx>>),
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/flags.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/flags.rs
index d6dc81c5b78..01bc5cc761c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/flags.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/flags.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ impl FlagComputation {
         result
     }
 
-    pub fn for_predicate(binder: ty::Binder<ty::PredicateKind<'_>>) -> FlagComputation {
+    pub fn for_predicate(binder: ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::PredicateKind<'_>>) -> FlagComputation {
         let mut result = FlagComputation::new();
         result.add_predicate(binder);
         result
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ impl FlagComputation {
 
     /// Adds the flags/depth from a set of types that appear within the current type, but within a
     /// region binder.
-    fn bound_computation<T, F>(&mut self, value: ty::Binder<T>, f: F)
+    fn bound_computation<T, F>(&mut self, value: ty::Binder<'_, T>, f: F)
     where
         F: FnOnce(&mut Self, T),
     {
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ impl FlagComputation {
         }
     }
 
-    fn add_predicate(&mut self, binder: ty::Binder<ty::PredicateKind<'_>>) {
+    fn add_predicate(&mut self, binder: ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::PredicateKind<'_>>) {
         self.bound_computation(binder, |computation, atom| computation.add_predicate_atom(atom));
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/fold.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/fold.rs
index a6a1d1f73bb..70f3ac30040 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/fold.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/fold.rs
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
 
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashSet;
+use rustc_data_structures::sso::SsoHashSet;
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 use std::fmt;
 use std::ops::ControlFlow;
@@ -161,7 +162,7 @@ impl TypeFoldable<'tcx> for hir::Constness {
 pub trait TypeFolder<'tcx>: Sized {
     fn tcx<'a>(&'a self) -> TyCtxt<'tcx>;
 
-    fn fold_binder<T>(&mut self, t: Binder<T>) -> Binder<T>
+    fn fold_binder<T>(&mut self, t: Binder<'tcx, T>) -> Binder<'tcx, T>
     where
         T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
     {
@@ -184,7 +185,10 @@ pub trait TypeFolder<'tcx>: Sized {
 pub trait TypeVisitor<'tcx>: Sized {
     type BreakTy = !;
 
-    fn visit_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(&mut self, t: &Binder<T>) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+    fn visit_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(
+        &mut self,
+        t: &Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
         t.super_visit_with(self)
     }
 
@@ -322,7 +326,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
 
             fn visit_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(
                 &mut self,
-                t: &Binder<T>,
+                t: &Binder<'tcx, T>,
             ) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
                 self.outer_index.shift_in(1);
                 let result = t.as_ref().skip_binder().visit_with(self);
@@ -400,7 +404,10 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeFolder<'tcx> for RegionFolder<'a, 'tcx> {
         self.tcx
     }
 
-    fn fold_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(&mut self, t: ty::Binder<T>) -> ty::Binder<T> {
+    fn fold_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(
+        &mut self,
+        t: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> ty::Binder<'tcx, T> {
         self.current_index.shift_in(1);
         let t = t.super_fold_with(self);
         self.current_index.shift_out(1);
@@ -460,7 +467,10 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeFolder<'tcx> for BoundVarReplacer<'a, 'tcx> {
         self.tcx
     }
 
-    fn fold_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(&mut self, t: ty::Binder<T>) -> ty::Binder<T> {
+    fn fold_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(
+        &mut self,
+        t: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> ty::Binder<'tcx, T> {
         self.current_index.shift_in(1);
         let t = t.super_fold_with(self);
         self.current_index.shift_out(1);
@@ -538,7 +548,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
     /// contain escaping bound types.
     pub fn replace_late_bound_regions<T, F>(
         self,
-        value: Binder<T>,
+        value: Binder<'tcx, T>,
         mut fld_r: F,
     ) -> (T, BTreeMap<ty::BoundRegion, ty::Region<'tcx>>)
     where
@@ -588,7 +598,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
     /// types.
     pub fn replace_bound_vars<T, F, G, H>(
         self,
-        value: Binder<T>,
+        value: Binder<'tcx, T>,
         mut fld_r: F,
         fld_t: G,
         fld_c: H,
@@ -607,7 +617,11 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
 
     /// Replaces any late-bound regions bound in `value` with
     /// free variants attached to `all_outlive_scope`.
-    pub fn liberate_late_bound_regions<T>(self, all_outlive_scope: DefId, value: ty::Binder<T>) -> T
+    pub fn liberate_late_bound_regions<T>(
+        self,
+        all_outlive_scope: DefId,
+        value: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> T
     where
         T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
     {
@@ -620,13 +634,49 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
         .0
     }
 
+    pub fn shift_bound_var_indices<T>(self, bound_vars: usize, value: T) -> T
+    where
+        T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
+    {
+        self.replace_escaping_bound_vars(
+            value,
+            |r| {
+                self.mk_region(ty::ReLateBound(
+                    ty::INNERMOST,
+                    ty::BoundRegion {
+                        var: ty::BoundVar::from_usize(r.var.as_usize() + bound_vars),
+                        kind: r.kind,
+                    },
+                ))
+            },
+            |t| {
+                self.mk_ty(ty::Bound(
+                    ty::INNERMOST,
+                    ty::BoundTy {
+                        var: ty::BoundVar::from_usize(t.var.as_usize() + bound_vars),
+                        kind: t.kind,
+                    },
+                ))
+            },
+            |c, ty| {
+                self.mk_const(ty::Const {
+                    val: ty::ConstKind::Bound(
+                        ty::INNERMOST,
+                        ty::BoundVar::from_usize(c.as_usize() + bound_vars),
+                    ),
+                    ty,
+                })
+            },
+        )
+    }
+
     /// Returns a set of all late-bound regions that are constrained
     /// by `value`, meaning that if we instantiate those LBR with
     /// variables and equate `value` with something else, those
     /// variables will also be equated.
     pub fn collect_constrained_late_bound_regions<T>(
         self,
-        value: &Binder<T>,
+        value: &Binder<'tcx, T>,
     ) -> FxHashSet<ty::BoundRegionKind>
     where
         T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
@@ -637,7 +687,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
     /// Returns a set of all late-bound regions that appear in `value` anywhere.
     pub fn collect_referenced_late_bound_regions<T>(
         self,
-        value: &Binder<T>,
+        value: &Binder<'tcx, T>,
     ) -> FxHashSet<ty::BoundRegionKind>
     where
         T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
@@ -647,7 +697,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
 
     fn collect_late_bound_regions<T>(
         self,
-        value: &Binder<T>,
+        value: &Binder<'tcx, T>,
         just_constraint: bool,
     ) -> FxHashSet<ty::BoundRegionKind>
     where
@@ -661,7 +711,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
 
     /// Replaces any late-bound regions bound in `value` with `'erased`. Useful in codegen but also
     /// method lookup and a few other places where precise region relationships are not required.
-    pub fn erase_late_bound_regions<T>(self, value: Binder<T>) -> T
+    pub fn erase_late_bound_regions<T>(self, value: Binder<'tcx, T>) -> T
     where
         T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
     {
@@ -676,20 +726,205 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
     /// `FnSig`s or `TraitRef`s which are equivalent up to region naming will become
     /// structurally identical. For example, `for<'a, 'b> fn(&'a isize, &'b isize)` and
     /// `for<'a, 'b> fn(&'b isize, &'a isize)` will become identical after anonymization.
-    pub fn anonymize_late_bound_regions<T>(self, sig: Binder<T>) -> Binder<T>
+    pub fn anonymize_late_bound_regions<T>(self, sig: Binder<'tcx, T>) -> Binder<'tcx, T>
     where
         T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
     {
         let mut counter = 0;
-        Binder::bind(
-            self.replace_late_bound_regions(sig, |_| {
-                let br = ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrAnon(counter) };
+        let inner = self
+            .replace_late_bound_regions(sig, |_| {
+                let br = ty::BoundRegion {
+                    var: ty::BoundVar::from_u32(counter),
+                    kind: ty::BrAnon(counter),
+                };
                 let r = self.mk_region(ty::ReLateBound(ty::INNERMOST, br));
                 counter += 1;
                 r
             })
-            .0,
-        )
+            .0;
+        let bound_vars = self.mk_bound_variable_kinds(
+            (0..counter).map(|i| ty::BoundVariableKind::Region(ty::BrAnon(i))),
+        );
+        Binder::bind_with_vars(inner, bound_vars)
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct BoundVarsCollector<'tcx> {
+    binder_index: ty::DebruijnIndex,
+    vars: BTreeMap<u32, ty::BoundVariableKind>,
+    // We may encounter the same variable at different levels of binding, so
+    // this can't just be `Ty`
+    visited: SsoHashSet<(ty::DebruijnIndex, Ty<'tcx>)>,
+}
+
+impl<'tcx> BoundVarsCollector<'tcx> {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        BoundVarsCollector {
+            binder_index: ty::INNERMOST,
+            vars: BTreeMap::new(),
+            visited: SsoHashSet::default(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn into_vars(self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> &'tcx ty::List<ty::BoundVariableKind> {
+        let max = self.vars.iter().map(|(k, _)| *k).max().unwrap_or_else(|| 0);
+        for i in 0..max {
+            if let None = self.vars.get(&i) {
+                panic!("Unknown variable: {:?}", i);
+            }
+        }
+
+        tcx.mk_bound_variable_kinds(self.vars.into_iter().map(|(_, v)| v))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'tcx> TypeVisitor<'tcx> for BoundVarsCollector<'tcx> {
+    type BreakTy = ();
+
+    fn visit_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(
+        &mut self,
+        t: &Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        self.binder_index.shift_in(1);
+        let result = t.super_visit_with(self);
+        self.binder_index.shift_out(1);
+        result
+    }
+
+    fn visit_ty(&mut self, t: Ty<'tcx>) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        if t.outer_exclusive_binder < self.binder_index
+            || !self.visited.insert((self.binder_index, t))
+        {
+            return ControlFlow::CONTINUE;
+        }
+        use std::collections::btree_map::Entry;
+        match *t.kind() {
+            ty::Bound(debruijn, bound_ty) if debruijn == self.binder_index => {
+                match self.vars.entry(bound_ty.var.as_u32()) {
+                    Entry::Vacant(entry) => {
+                        entry.insert(ty::BoundVariableKind::Ty(bound_ty.kind));
+                    }
+                    Entry::Occupied(entry) => match entry.get() {
+                        ty::BoundVariableKind::Ty(_) => {}
+                        _ => bug!("Conflicting bound vars"),
+                    },
+                }
+            }
+
+            _ => (),
+        };
+
+        t.super_visit_with(self)
+    }
+
+    fn visit_region(&mut self, r: ty::Region<'tcx>) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        match r {
+            ty::ReLateBound(index, _br) if *index == self.binder_index => {
+                // If you hit this, you should be using `Binder::bind_with_vars` or `Binder::rebind`
+                bug!("Trying to collect bound vars with a bound region: {:?} {:?}", index, _br)
+            }
+
+            _ => (),
+        };
+
+        r.super_visit_with(self)
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct ValidateBoundVars<'tcx> {
+    bound_vars: &'tcx ty::List<ty::BoundVariableKind>,
+    binder_index: ty::DebruijnIndex,
+    // We may encounter the same variable at different levels of binding, so
+    // this can't just be `Ty`
+    visited: SsoHashSet<(ty::DebruijnIndex, Ty<'tcx>)>,
+}
+
+impl<'tcx> ValidateBoundVars<'tcx> {
+    pub fn new(bound_vars: &'tcx ty::List<ty::BoundVariableKind>) -> Self {
+        ValidateBoundVars {
+            bound_vars,
+            binder_index: ty::INNERMOST,
+            visited: SsoHashSet::default(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'tcx> TypeVisitor<'tcx> for ValidateBoundVars<'tcx> {
+    type BreakTy = ();
+
+    fn visit_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(
+        &mut self,
+        t: &Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        self.binder_index.shift_in(1);
+        let result = t.super_visit_with(self);
+        self.binder_index.shift_out(1);
+        result
+    }
+
+    fn visit_ty(&mut self, t: Ty<'tcx>) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        if t.outer_exclusive_binder < self.binder_index
+            || !self.visited.insert((self.binder_index, t))
+        {
+            return ControlFlow::BREAK;
+        }
+        match *t.kind() {
+            ty::Bound(debruijn, bound_ty) if debruijn == self.binder_index => {
+                if self.bound_vars.len() <= bound_ty.var.as_usize() {
+                    bug!("Not enough bound vars: {:?} not found in {:?}", t, self.bound_vars);
+                }
+                let list_var = self.bound_vars[bound_ty.var.as_usize()];
+                match list_var {
+                    ty::BoundVariableKind::Ty(kind) => {
+                        if kind != bound_ty.kind {
+                            bug!(
+                                "Mismatched type kinds: {:?} doesn't var in list {:?}",
+                                bound_ty.kind,
+                                list_var
+                            );
+                        }
+                    }
+                    _ => {
+                        bug!("Mismatched bound variable kinds! Expected type, found {:?}", list_var)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            _ => (),
+        };
+
+        t.super_visit_with(self)
+    }
+
+    fn visit_region(&mut self, r: ty::Region<'tcx>) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        match r {
+            ty::ReLateBound(index, br) if *index == self.binder_index => {
+                if self.bound_vars.len() <= br.var.as_usize() {
+                    bug!("Not enough bound vars: {:?} not found in {:?}", *br, self.bound_vars);
+                }
+                let list_var = self.bound_vars[br.var.as_usize()];
+                match list_var {
+                    ty::BoundVariableKind::Region(kind) => {
+                        if kind != br.kind {
+                            bug!(
+                                "Mismatched region kinds: {:?} doesn't match var ({:?}) in list ({:?})",
+                                br.kind,
+                                list_var,
+                                self.bound_vars
+                            );
+                        }
+                    }
+                    _ => bug!(
+                        "Mismatched bound variable kinds! Expected region, found {:?}",
+                        list_var
+                    ),
+                }
+            }
+
+            _ => (),
+        };
+
+        r.super_visit_with(self)
     }
 }
 
@@ -719,7 +954,10 @@ impl TypeFolder<'tcx> for Shifter<'tcx> {
         self.tcx
     }
 
-    fn fold_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(&mut self, t: ty::Binder<T>) -> ty::Binder<T> {
+    fn fold_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(
+        &mut self,
+        t: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> ty::Binder<'tcx, T> {
         self.current_index.shift_in(1);
         let t = t.super_fold_with(self);
         self.current_index.shift_out(1);
@@ -828,7 +1066,10 @@ struct HasEscapingVarsVisitor {
 impl<'tcx> TypeVisitor<'tcx> for HasEscapingVarsVisitor {
     type BreakTy = FoundEscapingVars;
 
-    fn visit_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(&mut self, t: &Binder<T>) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+    fn visit_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(
+        &mut self,
+        t: &Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
         self.outer_index.shift_in(1);
         let result = t.super_visit_with(self);
         self.outer_index.shift_out(1);
@@ -974,7 +1215,10 @@ impl LateBoundRegionsCollector {
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> TypeVisitor<'tcx> for LateBoundRegionsCollector {
-    fn visit_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(&mut self, t: &Binder<T>) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+    fn visit_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(
+        &mut self,
+        t: &Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
         self.current_index.shift_in(1);
         let result = t.super_visit_with(self);
         self.current_index.shift_out(1);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/layout.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/layout.rs
index 0d03cf4575f..e7bbdc3cceb 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/layout.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/layout.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// ignore-tidy-filelength
 use crate::ich::StableHashingContext;
 use crate::middle::codegen_fn_attrs::CodegenFnAttrFlags;
 use crate::mir::{GeneratorLayout, GeneratorSavedLocal};
@@ -2481,21 +2482,42 @@ impl<'tcx> ty::Instance<'tcx> {
             ty::Closure(def_id, substs) => {
                 let sig = substs.as_closure().sig();
 
-                let env_ty = tcx.closure_env_ty(def_id, substs).unwrap();
-                sig.map_bound(|sig| {
+                let bound_vars = tcx.mk_bound_variable_kinds(
+                    sig.bound_vars()
+                        .iter()
+                        .chain(iter::once(ty::BoundVariableKind::Region(ty::BrEnv))),
+                );
+                let br = ty::BoundRegion {
+                    var: ty::BoundVar::from_usize(bound_vars.len() - 1),
+                    kind: ty::BoundRegionKind::BrEnv,
+                };
+                let env_region = ty::ReLateBound(ty::INNERMOST, br);
+                let env_ty = tcx.closure_env_ty(def_id, substs, env_region).unwrap();
+
+                let sig = sig.skip_binder();
+                ty::Binder::bind_with_vars(
                     tcx.mk_fn_sig(
-                        iter::once(env_ty.skip_binder()).chain(sig.inputs().iter().cloned()),
+                        iter::once(env_ty).chain(sig.inputs().iter().cloned()),
                         sig.output(),
                         sig.c_variadic,
                         sig.unsafety,
                         sig.abi,
-                    )
-                })
+                    ),
+                    bound_vars,
+                )
             }
             ty::Generator(_, substs, _) => {
                 let sig = substs.as_generator().poly_sig();
 
-                let br = ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrEnv };
+                let bound_vars = tcx.mk_bound_variable_kinds(
+                    sig.bound_vars()
+                        .iter()
+                        .chain(iter::once(ty::BoundVariableKind::Region(ty::BrEnv))),
+                );
+                let br = ty::BoundRegion {
+                    var: ty::BoundVar::from_usize(bound_vars.len() - 1),
+                    kind: ty::BoundRegionKind::BrEnv,
+                };
                 let env_region = ty::ReLateBound(ty::INNERMOST, br);
                 let env_ty = tcx.mk_mut_ref(tcx.mk_region(env_region), ty);
 
@@ -2504,21 +2526,21 @@ impl<'tcx> ty::Instance<'tcx> {
                 let pin_substs = tcx.intern_substs(&[env_ty.into()]);
                 let env_ty = tcx.mk_adt(pin_adt_ref, pin_substs);
 
-                sig.map_bound(|sig| {
-                    let state_did = tcx.require_lang_item(LangItem::GeneratorState, None);
-                    let state_adt_ref = tcx.adt_def(state_did);
-                    let state_substs =
-                        tcx.intern_substs(&[sig.yield_ty.into(), sig.return_ty.into()]);
-                    let ret_ty = tcx.mk_adt(state_adt_ref, state_substs);
-
+                let sig = sig.skip_binder();
+                let state_did = tcx.require_lang_item(LangItem::GeneratorState, None);
+                let state_adt_ref = tcx.adt_def(state_did);
+                let state_substs = tcx.intern_substs(&[sig.yield_ty.into(), sig.return_ty.into()]);
+                let ret_ty = tcx.mk_adt(state_adt_ref, state_substs);
+                ty::Binder::bind_with_vars(
                     tcx.mk_fn_sig(
                         [env_ty, sig.resume_ty].iter(),
                         &ret_ty,
                         false,
                         hir::Unsafety::Normal,
                         rustc_target::spec::abi::Abi::Rust,
-                    )
-                })
+                    ),
+                    bound_vars,
+                )
             }
             _ => bug!("unexpected type {:?} in Instance::fn_sig", ty),
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/mod.rs
index c0025cf3fc8..6574c938260 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/mod.rs
@@ -67,12 +67,12 @@ pub use self::sty::BoundRegionKind::*;
 pub use self::sty::RegionKind::*;
 pub use self::sty::TyKind::*;
 pub use self::sty::{
-    Binder, BoundRegion, BoundRegionKind, BoundTy, BoundTyKind, BoundVar, CanonicalPolyFnSig,
-    ClosureSubsts, ClosureSubstsParts, ConstVid, EarlyBoundRegion, ExistentialPredicate,
-    ExistentialProjection, ExistentialTraitRef, FnSig, FreeRegion, GenSig, GeneratorSubsts,
-    GeneratorSubstsParts, ParamConst, ParamTy, PolyExistentialProjection, PolyExistentialTraitRef,
-    PolyFnSig, PolyGenSig, PolyTraitRef, ProjectionTy, Region, RegionKind, RegionVid, TraitRef,
-    TyKind, TypeAndMut, UpvarSubsts,
+    Binder, BoundRegion, BoundRegionKind, BoundTy, BoundTyKind, BoundVar, BoundVariableKind,
+    CanonicalPolyFnSig, ClosureSubsts, ClosureSubstsParts, ConstVid, EarlyBoundRegion,
+    ExistentialPredicate, ExistentialProjection, ExistentialTraitRef, FnSig, FreeRegion, GenSig,
+    GeneratorSubsts, GeneratorSubstsParts, ParamConst, ParamTy, PolyExistentialProjection,
+    PolyExistentialTraitRef, PolyFnSig, PolyGenSig, PolyTraitRef, ProjectionTy, Region, RegionKind,
+    RegionVid, TraitRef, TyKind, TypeAndMut, UpvarSubsts,
 };
 pub use self::trait_def::TraitDef;
 
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyS<'tcx> {
 
 // `TyS` is used a lot. Make sure it doesn't unintentionally get bigger.
 #[cfg(all(target_arch = "x86_64", target_pointer_width = "64"))]
-static_assert_size!(TyS<'_>, 32);
+static_assert_size!(TyS<'_>, 40);
 
 impl<'tcx> Ord for TyS<'tcx> {
     fn cmp(&self, other: &TyS<'tcx>) -> Ordering {
@@ -359,14 +359,14 @@ impl ty::EarlyBoundRegion {
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 crate struct PredicateInner<'tcx> {
-    kind: Binder<PredicateKind<'tcx>>,
+    kind: Binder<'tcx, PredicateKind<'tcx>>,
     flags: TypeFlags,
     /// See the comment for the corresponding field of [TyS].
     outer_exclusive_binder: ty::DebruijnIndex,
 }
 
 #[cfg(all(target_arch = "x86_64", target_pointer_width = "64"))]
-static_assert_size!(PredicateInner<'_>, 40);
+static_assert_size!(PredicateInner<'_>, 48);
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Lift)]
 pub struct Predicate<'tcx> {
@@ -389,9 +389,9 @@ impl Hash for Predicate<'_> {
 impl<'tcx> Eq for Predicate<'tcx> {}
 
 impl<'tcx> Predicate<'tcx> {
-    /// Gets the inner `Binder<PredicateKind<'tcx>>`.
+    /// Gets the inner `Binder<'tcx, PredicateKind<'tcx>>`.
     #[inline]
-    pub fn kind(self) -> Binder<PredicateKind<'tcx>> {
+    pub fn kind(self) -> Binder<'tcx, PredicateKind<'tcx>> {
         self.inner.kind
     }
 }
@@ -543,10 +543,33 @@ impl<'tcx> Predicate<'tcx> {
         // substitution code expects equal binding levels in the values
         // from the substitution and the value being substituted into, and
         // this trick achieves that).
-        let substs = trait_ref.skip_binder().substs;
-        let pred = self.kind().skip_binder();
-        let new = pred.subst(tcx, substs);
-        tcx.reuse_or_mk_predicate(self, ty::Binder::bind(new))
+
+        // Working through the second example:
+        // trait_ref: for<'x> T: Foo1<'^0.0>; substs: [T, '^0.0]
+        // predicate: for<'b> Self: Bar1<'a, '^0.0>; substs: [Self, 'a, '^0.0]
+        // We want to end up with:
+        //     for<'x, 'b> T: Bar1<'^0.0, '^0.1>
+        // To do this:
+        // 1) We must shift all bound vars in predicate by the length
+        //    of trait ref's bound vars. So, we would end up with predicate like
+        //    Self: Bar1<'a, '^0.1>
+        // 2) We can then apply the trait substs to this, ending up with
+        //    T: Bar1<'^0.0, '^0.1>
+        // 3) Finally, to create the final bound vars, we concatenate the bound
+        //    vars of the trait ref with those of the predicate:
+        //    ['x, 'b]
+        let bound_pred = self.kind();
+        let pred_bound_vars = bound_pred.bound_vars();
+        let trait_bound_vars = trait_ref.bound_vars();
+        // 1) Self: Bar1<'a, '^0.0> -> Self: Bar1<'a, '^0.1>
+        let shifted_pred =
+            tcx.shift_bound_var_indices(trait_bound_vars.len(), bound_pred.skip_binder());
+        // 2) Self: Bar1<'a, '^0.1> -> T: Bar1<'^0.0, '^0.1>
+        let new = shifted_pred.subst(tcx, trait_ref.skip_binder().substs);
+        // 3) ['x] + ['b] -> ['x, 'b]
+        let bound_vars =
+            tcx.mk_bound_variable_kinds(trait_bound_vars.iter().chain(pred_bound_vars));
+        tcx.reuse_or_mk_predicate(self, ty::Binder::bind_with_vars(new, bound_vars))
     }
 }
 
@@ -556,7 +579,7 @@ pub struct TraitPredicate<'tcx> {
     pub trait_ref: TraitRef<'tcx>,
 }
 
-pub type PolyTraitPredicate<'tcx> = ty::Binder<TraitPredicate<'tcx>>;
+pub type PolyTraitPredicate<'tcx> = ty::Binder<'tcx, TraitPredicate<'tcx>>;
 
 impl<'tcx> TraitPredicate<'tcx> {
     pub fn def_id(self) -> DefId {
@@ -574,7 +597,7 @@ impl<'tcx> PolyTraitPredicate<'tcx> {
         self.skip_binder().def_id()
     }
 
-    pub fn self_ty(self) -> ty::Binder<Ty<'tcx>> {
+    pub fn self_ty(self) -> ty::Binder<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>> {
         self.map_bound(|trait_ref| trait_ref.self_ty())
     }
 }
@@ -584,8 +607,8 @@ impl<'tcx> PolyTraitPredicate<'tcx> {
 pub struct OutlivesPredicate<A, B>(pub A, pub B); // `A: B`
 pub type RegionOutlivesPredicate<'tcx> = OutlivesPredicate<ty::Region<'tcx>, ty::Region<'tcx>>;
 pub type TypeOutlivesPredicate<'tcx> = OutlivesPredicate<Ty<'tcx>, ty::Region<'tcx>>;
-pub type PolyRegionOutlivesPredicate<'tcx> = ty::Binder<RegionOutlivesPredicate<'tcx>>;
-pub type PolyTypeOutlivesPredicate<'tcx> = ty::Binder<TypeOutlivesPredicate<'tcx>>;
+pub type PolyRegionOutlivesPredicate<'tcx> = ty::Binder<'tcx, RegionOutlivesPredicate<'tcx>>;
+pub type PolyTypeOutlivesPredicate<'tcx> = ty::Binder<'tcx, TypeOutlivesPredicate<'tcx>>;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Debug, TyEncodable, TyDecodable)]
 #[derive(HashStable, TypeFoldable)]
@@ -594,7 +617,7 @@ pub struct SubtypePredicate<'tcx> {
     pub a: Ty<'tcx>,
     pub b: Ty<'tcx>,
 }
-pub type PolySubtypePredicate<'tcx> = ty::Binder<SubtypePredicate<'tcx>>;
+pub type PolySubtypePredicate<'tcx> = ty::Binder<'tcx, SubtypePredicate<'tcx>>;
 
 /// This kind of predicate has no *direct* correspondent in the
 /// syntax, but it roughly corresponds to the syntactic forms:
@@ -615,7 +638,7 @@ pub struct ProjectionPredicate<'tcx> {
     pub ty: Ty<'tcx>,
 }
 
-pub type PolyProjectionPredicate<'tcx> = Binder<ProjectionPredicate<'tcx>>;
+pub type PolyProjectionPredicate<'tcx> = Binder<'tcx, ProjectionPredicate<'tcx>>;
 
 impl<'tcx> PolyProjectionPredicate<'tcx> {
     /// Returns the `DefId` of the trait of the associated item being projected.
@@ -637,7 +660,7 @@ impl<'tcx> PolyProjectionPredicate<'tcx> {
         self.map_bound(|predicate| predicate.projection_ty.trait_ref(tcx))
     }
 
-    pub fn ty(&self) -> Binder<Ty<'tcx>> {
+    pub fn ty(&self) -> Binder<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>> {
         self.map_bound(|predicate| predicate.ty)
     }
 
@@ -671,7 +694,7 @@ pub trait ToPredicate<'tcx> {
     fn to_predicate(self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> Predicate<'tcx>;
 }
 
-impl ToPredicate<'tcx> for Binder<PredicateKind<'tcx>> {
+impl ToPredicate<'tcx> for Binder<'tcx, PredicateKind<'tcx>> {
     #[inline(always)]
     fn to_predicate(self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> Predicate<'tcx> {
         tcx.mk_predicate(self)
@@ -694,11 +717,11 @@ impl<'tcx> ToPredicate<'tcx> for ConstnessAnd<TraitRef<'tcx>> {
 
 impl<'tcx> ToPredicate<'tcx> for ConstnessAnd<PolyTraitRef<'tcx>> {
     fn to_predicate(self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> Predicate<'tcx> {
-        ConstnessAnd {
-            value: self.value.map_bound(|trait_ref| ty::TraitPredicate { trait_ref }),
-            constness: self.constness,
-        }
-        .to_predicate(tcx)
+        self.value
+            .map_bound(|trait_ref| {
+                PredicateKind::Trait(ty::TraitPredicate { trait_ref }, self.constness)
+            })
+            .to_predicate(tcx)
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/normalize_erasing_regions.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/normalize_erasing_regions.rs
index 9d97815a5f1..3b0cb8d4215 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/normalize_erasing_regions.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/normalize_erasing_regions.rs
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
         }
     }
 
-    /// If you have a `Binder<T>`, you can do this to strip out the
+    /// If you have a `Binder<'tcx, T>`, you can do this to strip out the
     /// late-bound regions and then normalize the result, yielding up
     /// a `T` (with regions erased). This is appropriate when the
     /// binder is being instantiated at the call site.
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
     pub fn normalize_erasing_late_bound_regions<T>(
         self,
         param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
-        value: ty::Binder<T>,
+        value: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
     ) -> T
     where
         T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/print/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/print/mod.rs
index a47846828bd..13e2122a619 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/print/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/print/mod.rs
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ pub trait Printer<'tcx>: Sized {
 
     fn print_dyn_existential(
         self,
-        predicates: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
+        predicates: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
     ) -> Result<Self::DynExistential, Self::Error>;
 
     fn print_const(self, ct: &'tcx ty::Const<'tcx>) -> Result<Self::Const, Self::Error>;
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ impl<'tcx, P: Printer<'tcx>> Print<'tcx, P> for Ty<'tcx> {
 }
 
 impl<'tcx, P: Printer<'tcx>> Print<'tcx, P>
-    for &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>
+    for &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>
 {
     type Output = P::DynExistential;
     type Error = P::Error;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/print/pretty.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/print/pretty.rs
index f23c64cb036..b8f39fce21d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/print/pretty.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/print/pretty.rs
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ pub trait PrettyPrinter<'tcx>:
         self.print_def_path(def_id, substs)
     }
 
-    fn in_binder<T>(self, value: &ty::Binder<T>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>
+    fn in_binder<T>(self, value: &ty::Binder<'tcx, T>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>
     where
         T: Print<'tcx, Self, Output = Self, Error = Self::Error> + TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
     {
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ pub trait PrettyPrinter<'tcx>:
 
     fn wrap_binder<T, F: Fn(&T, Self) -> Result<Self, fmt::Error>>(
         self,
-        value: &ty::Binder<T>,
+        value: &ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
         f: F,
     ) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>
     where
@@ -765,7 +765,7 @@ pub trait PrettyPrinter<'tcx>:
 
     fn pretty_print_dyn_existential(
         mut self,
-        predicates: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
+        predicates: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
     ) -> Result<Self::DynExistential, Self::Error> {
         // Generate the main trait ref, including associated types.
         let mut first = true;
@@ -1432,7 +1432,7 @@ impl<F: fmt::Write> Printer<'tcx> for FmtPrinter<'_, 'tcx, F> {
 
     fn print_dyn_existential(
         self,
-        predicates: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
+        predicates: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
     ) -> Result<Self::DynExistential, Self::Error> {
         self.pretty_print_dyn_existential(predicates)
     }
@@ -1571,7 +1571,7 @@ impl<F: fmt::Write> PrettyPrinter<'tcx> for FmtPrinter<'_, 'tcx, F> {
         Ok(self)
     }
 
-    fn in_binder<T>(self, value: &ty::Binder<T>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>
+    fn in_binder<T>(self, value: &ty::Binder<'tcx, T>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>
     where
         T: Print<'tcx, Self, Output = Self, Error = Self::Error> + TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
     {
@@ -1580,7 +1580,7 @@ impl<F: fmt::Write> PrettyPrinter<'tcx> for FmtPrinter<'_, 'tcx, F> {
 
     fn wrap_binder<T, C: Fn(&T, Self) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>>(
         self,
-        value: &ty::Binder<T>,
+        value: &ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
         f: C,
     ) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>
     where
@@ -1636,7 +1636,7 @@ impl<F: fmt::Write> PrettyPrinter<'tcx> for FmtPrinter<'_, 'tcx, F> {
                 data.name != kw::Empty && data.name != kw::UnderscoreLifetime
             }
 
-            ty::ReLateBound(_, ty::BoundRegion { kind: br })
+            ty::ReLateBound(_, ty::BoundRegion { kind: br, .. })
             | ty::ReFree(ty::FreeRegion { bound_region: br, .. })
             | ty::RePlaceholder(ty::Placeholder { name: br, .. }) => {
                 if let ty::BrNamed(_, name) = br {
@@ -1715,7 +1715,7 @@ impl<F: fmt::Write> FmtPrinter<'_, '_, F> {
                     return Ok(self);
                 }
             }
-            ty::ReLateBound(_, ty::BoundRegion { kind: br })
+            ty::ReLateBound(_, ty::BoundRegion { kind: br, .. })
             | ty::ReFree(ty::FreeRegion { bound_region: br, .. })
             | ty::RePlaceholder(ty::Placeholder { name: br, .. }) => {
                 if let ty::BrNamed(_, name) = br {
@@ -1763,7 +1763,7 @@ impl<F: fmt::Write> FmtPrinter<'_, '_, F> {
 impl<F: fmt::Write> FmtPrinter<'_, 'tcx, F> {
     pub fn name_all_regions<T>(
         mut self,
-        value: &ty::Binder<T>,
+        value: &ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
     ) -> Result<(Self, (T, BTreeMap<ty::BoundRegion, ty::Region<'tcx>>)), fmt::Error>
     where
         T: Print<'tcx, Self, Output = Self, Error = fmt::Error> + TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
@@ -1821,7 +1821,8 @@ impl<F: fmt::Write> FmtPrinter<'_, 'tcx, F> {
                     ty::BrNamed(DefId::local(CRATE_DEF_INDEX), name)
                 }
             };
-            self.tcx.mk_region(ty::ReLateBound(ty::INNERMOST, ty::BoundRegion { kind }))
+            self.tcx
+                .mk_region(ty::ReLateBound(ty::INNERMOST, ty::BoundRegion { var: br.var, kind }))
         });
         start_or_continue(&mut self, "", "> ")?;
 
@@ -1830,7 +1831,7 @@ impl<F: fmt::Write> FmtPrinter<'_, 'tcx, F> {
         Ok((self, new_value))
     }
 
-    pub fn pretty_in_binder<T>(self, value: &ty::Binder<T>) -> Result<Self, fmt::Error>
+    pub fn pretty_in_binder<T>(self, value: &ty::Binder<'tcx, T>) -> Result<Self, fmt::Error>
     where
         T: Print<'tcx, Self, Output = Self, Error = fmt::Error> + TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
     {
@@ -1844,7 +1845,7 @@ impl<F: fmt::Write> FmtPrinter<'_, 'tcx, F> {
 
     pub fn pretty_wrap_binder<T, C: Fn(&T, Self) -> Result<Self, fmt::Error>>(
         self,
-        value: &ty::Binder<T>,
+        value: &ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
         f: C,
     ) -> Result<Self, fmt::Error>
     where
@@ -1858,14 +1859,14 @@ impl<F: fmt::Write> FmtPrinter<'_, 'tcx, F> {
         Ok(inner)
     }
 
-    fn prepare_late_bound_region_info<T>(&mut self, value: &ty::Binder<T>)
+    fn prepare_late_bound_region_info<T>(&mut self, value: &ty::Binder<'tcx, T>)
     where
         T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
     {
         struct LateBoundRegionNameCollector<'a>(&'a mut FxHashSet<Symbol>);
         impl<'tcx> ty::fold::TypeVisitor<'tcx> for LateBoundRegionNameCollector<'_> {
             fn visit_region(&mut self, r: ty::Region<'tcx>) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
-                if let ty::ReLateBound(_, ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrNamed(_, name) }) = *r {
+                if let ty::ReLateBound(_, ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrNamed(_, name), .. }) = *r {
                     self.0.insert(name);
                 }
                 r.super_visit_with(self)
@@ -1879,7 +1880,7 @@ impl<F: fmt::Write> FmtPrinter<'_, 'tcx, F> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tcx, T, P: PrettyPrinter<'tcx>> Print<'tcx, P> for ty::Binder<T>
+impl<'tcx, T, P: PrettyPrinter<'tcx>> Print<'tcx, P> for ty::Binder<'tcx, T>
 where
     T: Print<'tcx, P, Output = P, Error = P::Error> + TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
 {
@@ -1966,28 +1967,28 @@ impl ty::TraitRef<'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
-impl ty::Binder<ty::TraitRef<'tcx>> {
-    pub fn print_only_trait_path(self) -> ty::Binder<TraitRefPrintOnlyTraitPath<'tcx>> {
+impl ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::TraitRef<'tcx>> {
+    pub fn print_only_trait_path(self) -> ty::Binder<'tcx, TraitRefPrintOnlyTraitPath<'tcx>> {
         self.map_bound(|tr| tr.print_only_trait_path())
     }
 }
 
 forward_display_to_print! {
     Ty<'tcx>,
-    &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
+    &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
     &'tcx ty::Const<'tcx>,
 
     // HACK(eddyb) these are exhaustive instead of generic,
     // because `for<'tcx>` isn't possible yet.
-    ty::Binder<ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>,
-    ty::Binder<ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
-    ty::Binder<TraitRefPrintOnlyTraitPath<'tcx>>,
-    ty::Binder<ty::FnSig<'tcx>>,
-    ty::Binder<ty::TraitPredicate<'tcx>>,
-    ty::Binder<ty::SubtypePredicate<'tcx>>,
-    ty::Binder<ty::ProjectionPredicate<'tcx>>,
-    ty::Binder<ty::OutlivesPredicate<Ty<'tcx>, ty::Region<'tcx>>>,
-    ty::Binder<ty::OutlivesPredicate<ty::Region<'tcx>, ty::Region<'tcx>>>,
+    ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>,
+    ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
+    ty::Binder<'tcx, TraitRefPrintOnlyTraitPath<'tcx>>,
+    ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::FnSig<'tcx>>,
+    ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::TraitPredicate<'tcx>>,
+    ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::SubtypePredicate<'tcx>>,
+    ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::ProjectionPredicate<'tcx>>,
+    ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::OutlivesPredicate<Ty<'tcx>, ty::Region<'tcx>>>,
+    ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::OutlivesPredicate<ty::Region<'tcx>, ty::Region<'tcx>>>,
 
     ty::OutlivesPredicate<Ty<'tcx>, ty::Region<'tcx>>,
     ty::OutlivesPredicate<ty::Region<'tcx>, ty::Region<'tcx>>
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/relate.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/relate.rs
index e2bbb31263a..ca60339da0d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/relate.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/relate.rs
@@ -93,9 +93,9 @@ pub trait TypeRelation<'tcx>: Sized {
 
     fn binders<T>(
         &mut self,
-        a: ty::Binder<T>,
-        b: ty::Binder<T>,
-    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<T>>
+        a: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+        b: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<'tcx, T>>
     where
         T: Relate<'tcx>;
 }
@@ -594,7 +594,7 @@ fn check_const_value_eq<R: TypeRelation<'tcx>>(
     })
 }
 
-impl<'tcx> Relate<'tcx> for &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>> {
+impl<'tcx> Relate<'tcx> for &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>> {
     fn relate<R: TypeRelation<'tcx>>(
         relation: &mut R,
         a: Self,
@@ -619,10 +619,9 @@ impl<'tcx> Relate<'tcx> for &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<ty::ExistentialPredicate<'
         let v = iter::zip(a_v, b_v).map(|(ep_a, ep_b)| {
             use crate::ty::ExistentialPredicate::*;
             match (ep_a.skip_binder(), ep_b.skip_binder()) {
-                (Trait(a), Trait(b)) => Ok(ty::Binder::bind(Trait(
-                    relation.relate(ep_a.rebind(a), ep_b.rebind(b))?.skip_binder(),
-                ))),
-                (Projection(a), Projection(b)) => Ok(ty::Binder::bind(Projection(
+                (Trait(a), Trait(b)) => Ok(ep_a
+                    .rebind(Trait(relation.relate(ep_a.rebind(a), ep_b.rebind(b))?.skip_binder()))),
+                (Projection(a), Projection(b)) => Ok(ep_a.rebind(Projection(
                     relation.relate(ep_a.rebind(a), ep_b.rebind(b))?.skip_binder(),
                 ))),
                 (AutoTrait(a), AutoTrait(b)) if a == b => Ok(ep_a.rebind(AutoTrait(a))),
@@ -685,12 +684,12 @@ impl<'tcx> Relate<'tcx> for &'tcx ty::Const<'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tcx, T: Relate<'tcx>> Relate<'tcx> for ty::Binder<T> {
+impl<'tcx, T: Relate<'tcx>> Relate<'tcx> for ty::Binder<'tcx, T> {
     fn relate<R: TypeRelation<'tcx>>(
         relation: &mut R,
-        a: ty::Binder<T>,
-        b: ty::Binder<T>,
-    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<T>> {
+        a: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+        b: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<'tcx, T>> {
         relation.binders(a, b)
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/structural_impls.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/structural_impls.rs
index 2da23b331e0..a969626b370 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/structural_impls.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/structural_impls.rs
@@ -454,10 +454,16 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Lift<'tcx> for ty::PredicateKind<'a> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tcx, T: Lift<'tcx>> Lift<'tcx> for ty::Binder<T> {
-    type Lifted = ty::Binder<T::Lifted>;
+impl<'a, 'tcx, T: Lift<'tcx>> Lift<'tcx> for ty::Binder<'a, T>
+where
+    <T as Lift<'tcx>>::Lifted: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
+{
+    type Lifted = ty::Binder<'tcx, T::Lifted>;
     fn lift_to_tcx(self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> Option<Self::Lifted> {
-        self.map_bound(|v| tcx.lift(v)).transpose()
+        let bound_vars = tcx.lift(self.bound_vars());
+        tcx.lift(self.skip_binder())
+            .zip(bound_vars)
+            .map(|(value, vars)| ty::Binder::bind_with_vars(value, vars))
     }
 }
 
@@ -749,7 +755,7 @@ impl<'tcx, T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>> TypeFoldable<'tcx> for Box<[T]> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tcx, T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>> TypeFoldable<'tcx> for ty::Binder<T> {
+impl<'tcx, T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>> TypeFoldable<'tcx> for ty::Binder<'tcx, T> {
     fn super_fold_with<F: TypeFolder<'tcx>>(self, folder: &mut F) -> Self {
         self.map_bound(|ty| ty.fold_with(folder))
     }
@@ -767,7 +773,7 @@ impl<'tcx, T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>> TypeFoldable<'tcx> for ty::Binder<T> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tcx> TypeFoldable<'tcx> for &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>> {
+impl<'tcx> TypeFoldable<'tcx> for &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>> {
     fn super_fold_with<F: TypeFolder<'tcx>>(self, folder: &mut F) -> Self {
         ty::util::fold_list(self, folder, |tcx, v| tcx.intern_poly_existential_predicates(v))
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/sty.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/sty.rs
index b8fe7aa7fd0..e352d0bc756 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/sty.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/sty.rs
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 use self::TyKind::*;
 
 use crate::infer::canonical::Canonical;
+use crate::ty::fold::BoundVarsCollector;
+use crate::ty::fold::ValidateBoundVars;
 use crate::ty::subst::{GenericArg, InternalSubsts, Subst, SubstsRef};
 use crate::ty::InferTy::{self, *};
 use crate::ty::{
@@ -62,22 +64,10 @@ pub enum BoundRegionKind {
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, TyEncodable, TyDecodable, Debug, PartialOrd, Ord)]
 #[derive(HashStable)]
 pub struct BoundRegion {
+    pub var: BoundVar,
     pub kind: BoundRegionKind,
 }
 
-impl BoundRegion {
-    /// When canonicalizing, we replace unbound inference variables and free
-    /// regions with anonymous late bound regions. This method asserts that
-    /// we have an anonymous late bound region, which hence may refer to
-    /// a canonical variable.
-    pub fn assert_bound_var(&self) -> BoundVar {
-        match self.kind {
-            BoundRegionKind::BrAnon(var) => BoundVar::from_u32(var),
-            _ => bug!("bound region is not anonymous"),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 impl BoundRegionKind {
     pub fn is_named(&self) -> bool {
         match *self {
@@ -161,7 +151,7 @@ pub enum TyKind<'tcx> {
     FnPtr(PolyFnSig<'tcx>),
 
     /// A trait object. Written as `dyn for<'b> Trait<'b, Assoc = u32> + Send + 'a`.
-    Dynamic(&'tcx List<Binder<ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>, ty::Region<'tcx>),
+    Dynamic(&'tcx List<Binder<'tcx, ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>, ty::Region<'tcx>),
 
     /// The anonymous type of a closure. Used to represent the type of
     /// `|a| a`.
@@ -173,7 +163,7 @@ pub enum TyKind<'tcx> {
 
     /// A type representing the types stored inside a generator.
     /// This should only appear in GeneratorInteriors.
-    GeneratorWitness(Binder<&'tcx List<Ty<'tcx>>>),
+    GeneratorWitness(Binder<'tcx, &'tcx List<Ty<'tcx>>>),
 
     /// The never type `!`.
     Never,
@@ -232,7 +222,7 @@ impl TyKind<'tcx> {
 
 // `TyKind` is used a lot. Make sure it doesn't unintentionally get bigger.
 #[cfg(all(target_arch = "x86_64", target_pointer_width = "64"))]
-static_assert_size!(TyKind<'_>, 24);
+static_assert_size!(TyKind<'_>, 32);
 
 /// A closure can be modeled as a struct that looks like:
 ///
@@ -747,7 +737,7 @@ impl<'tcx> ExistentialPredicate<'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tcx> Binder<ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>> {
+impl<'tcx> Binder<'tcx, ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>> {
     pub fn with_self_ty(&self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, self_ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> ty::Predicate<'tcx> {
         use crate::ty::ToPredicate;
         match self.skip_binder() {
@@ -768,7 +758,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Binder<ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tcx> List<ty::Binder<ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>> {
+impl<'tcx> List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>> {
     /// Returns the "principal `DefId`" of this set of existential predicates.
     ///
     /// A Rust trait object type consists (in addition to a lifetime bound)
@@ -794,7 +784,7 @@ impl<'tcx> List<ty::Binder<ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>> {
     /// is `{Send, Sync}`, while there is no principal. These trait objects
     /// have a "trivial" vtable consisting of just the size, alignment,
     /// and destructor.
-    pub fn principal(&self) -> Option<ty::Binder<ExistentialTraitRef<'tcx>>> {
+    pub fn principal(&self) -> Option<ty::Binder<'tcx, ExistentialTraitRef<'tcx>>> {
         self[0]
             .map_bound(|this| match this {
                 ExistentialPredicate::Trait(tr) => Some(tr),
@@ -810,7 +800,7 @@ impl<'tcx> List<ty::Binder<ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>> {
     #[inline]
     pub fn projection_bounds<'a>(
         &'a self,
-    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = ty::Binder<ExistentialProjection<'tcx>>> + 'a {
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = ty::Binder<'tcx, ExistentialProjection<'tcx>>> + 'a {
         self.iter().filter_map(|predicate| {
             predicate
                 .map_bound(|pred| match pred {
@@ -875,10 +865,10 @@ impl<'tcx> TraitRef<'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
-pub type PolyTraitRef<'tcx> = Binder<TraitRef<'tcx>>;
+pub type PolyTraitRef<'tcx> = Binder<'tcx, TraitRef<'tcx>>;
 
 impl<'tcx> PolyTraitRef<'tcx> {
-    pub fn self_ty(&self) -> Binder<Ty<'tcx>> {
+    pub fn self_ty(&self) -> Binder<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>> {
         self.map_bound_ref(|tr| tr.self_ty())
     }
 
@@ -931,7 +921,7 @@ impl<'tcx> ExistentialTraitRef<'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
-pub type PolyExistentialTraitRef<'tcx> = Binder<ExistentialTraitRef<'tcx>>;
+pub type PolyExistentialTraitRef<'tcx> = Binder<'tcx, ExistentialTraitRef<'tcx>>;
 
 impl<'tcx> PolyExistentialTraitRef<'tcx> {
     pub fn def_id(&self) -> DefId {
@@ -947,36 +937,56 @@ impl<'tcx> PolyExistentialTraitRef<'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Debug, TyEncodable, TyDecodable)]
+#[derive(HashStable)]
+pub enum BoundVariableKind {
+    Ty(BoundTyKind),
+    Region(BoundRegionKind),
+    Const,
+}
+
 /// Binder is a binder for higher-ranked lifetimes or types. It is part of the
 /// compiler's representation for things like `for<'a> Fn(&'a isize)`
 /// (which would be represented by the type `PolyTraitRef ==
-/// Binder<TraitRef>`). Note that when we instantiate,
+/// Binder<'tcx, TraitRef>`). Note that when we instantiate,
 /// erase, or otherwise "discharge" these bound vars, we change the
-/// type from `Binder<T>` to just `T` (see
+/// type from `Binder<'tcx, T>` to just `T` (see
 /// e.g., `liberate_late_bound_regions`).
 ///
 /// `Decodable` and `Encodable` are implemented for `Binder<T>` using the `impl_binder_encode_decode!` macro.
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Debug)]
-pub struct Binder<T>(T);
+pub struct Binder<'tcx, T>(T, &'tcx List<BoundVariableKind>);
 
-impl<T> Binder<T> {
+impl<'tcx, T> Binder<'tcx, T>
+where
+    T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
+{
     /// Wraps `value` in a binder, asserting that `value` does not
     /// contain any bound vars that would be bound by the
     /// binder. This is commonly used to 'inject' a value T into a
     /// different binding level.
-    pub fn dummy<'tcx>(value: T) -> Binder<T>
-    where
-        T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
-    {
+    pub fn dummy(value: T) -> Binder<'tcx, T> {
         debug_assert!(!value.has_escaping_bound_vars());
-        Binder(value)
+        Binder(value, ty::List::empty())
     }
 
     /// Wraps `value` in a binder, binding higher-ranked vars (if any).
-    pub fn bind(value: T) -> Binder<T> {
-        Binder(value)
+    pub fn bind(value: T, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> Binder<'tcx, T> {
+        let mut collector = BoundVarsCollector::new();
+        value.visit_with(&mut collector);
+        Binder(value, collector.into_vars(tcx))
+    }
+
+    pub fn bind_with_vars(value: T, vars: &'tcx List<BoundVariableKind>) -> Binder<'tcx, T> {
+        if cfg!(debug_assertions) {
+            let mut validator = ValidateBoundVars::new(vars);
+            value.visit_with(&mut validator);
+        }
+        Binder(value, vars)
     }
+}
 
+impl<'tcx, T> Binder<'tcx, T> {
     /// Skips the binder and returns the "bound" value. This is a
     /// risky thing to do because it's easy to get confused about
     /// De Bruijn indices and the like. It is usually better to
@@ -997,22 +1007,39 @@ impl<T> Binder<T> {
         self.0
     }
 
-    pub fn as_ref(&self) -> Binder<&T> {
-        Binder(&self.0)
+    pub fn bound_vars(&self) -> &'tcx List<BoundVariableKind> {
+        self.1
+    }
+
+    pub fn as_ref(&self) -> Binder<'tcx, &T> {
+        Binder(&self.0, self.1)
     }
 
-    pub fn map_bound_ref<F, U>(&self, f: F) -> Binder<U>
+    pub fn map_bound_ref_unchecked<F, U>(&self, f: F) -> Binder<'tcx, U>
+    where
+        F: FnOnce(&T) -> U,
+    {
+        let value = f(&self.0);
+        Binder(value, self.1)
+    }
+
+    pub fn map_bound_ref<F, U: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(&self, f: F) -> Binder<'tcx, U>
     where
         F: FnOnce(&T) -> U,
     {
         self.as_ref().map_bound(f)
     }
 
-    pub fn map_bound<F, U>(self, f: F) -> Binder<U>
+    pub fn map_bound<F, U: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(self, f: F) -> Binder<'tcx, U>
     where
         F: FnOnce(T) -> U,
     {
-        Binder(f(self.0))
+        let value = f(self.0);
+        if cfg!(debug_assertions) {
+            let mut validator = ValidateBoundVars::new(self.1);
+            value.visit_with(&mut validator);
+        }
+        Binder(value, self.1)
     }
 
     /// Wraps a `value` in a binder, using the same bound variables as the
@@ -1024,8 +1051,15 @@ impl<T> Binder<T> {
     /// don't actually track bound vars. However, semantically, it is different
     /// because bound vars aren't allowed to change here, whereas they are
     /// in `bind`. This may be (debug) asserted in the future.
-    pub fn rebind<U>(&self, value: U) -> Binder<U> {
-        Binder(value)
+    pub fn rebind<U>(&self, value: U) -> Binder<'tcx, U>
+    where
+        U: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
+    {
+        if cfg!(debug_assertions) {
+            let mut validator = ValidateBoundVars::new(self.bound_vars());
+            value.visit_with(&mut validator);
+        }
+        Binder(value, self.1)
     }
 
     /// Unwraps and returns the value within, but only if it contains
@@ -1038,45 +1072,32 @@ impl<T> Binder<T> {
     /// binders, but that would require adjusting the debruijn
     /// indices, and given the shallow binding structure we often use,
     /// would not be that useful.)
-    pub fn no_bound_vars<'tcx>(self) -> Option<T>
+    pub fn no_bound_vars(self) -> Option<T>
     where
         T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
     {
         if self.0.has_escaping_bound_vars() { None } else { Some(self.skip_binder()) }
     }
 
-    /// Given two things that have the same binder level,
-    /// and an operation that wraps on their contents, executes the operation
-    /// and then wraps its result.
-    ///
-    /// `f` should consider bound regions at depth 1 to be free, and
-    /// anything it produces with bound regions at depth 1 will be
-    /// bound in the resulting return value.
-    pub fn fuse<U, F, R>(self, u: Binder<U>, f: F) -> Binder<R>
-    where
-        F: FnOnce(T, U) -> R,
-    {
-        Binder(f(self.0, u.0))
-    }
-
     /// Splits the contents into two things that share the same binder
     /// level as the original, returning two distinct binders.
     ///
     /// `f` should consider bound regions at depth 1 to be free, and
     /// anything it produces with bound regions at depth 1 will be
     /// bound in the resulting return values.
-    pub fn split<U, V, F>(self, f: F) -> (Binder<U>, Binder<V>)
+    pub fn split<U, V, F>(self, f: F) -> (Binder<'tcx, U>, Binder<'tcx, V>)
     where
         F: FnOnce(T) -> (U, V),
     {
         let (u, v) = f(self.0);
-        (Binder(u), Binder(v))
+        (Binder(u, self.1), Binder(v, self.1))
     }
 }
 
-impl<T> Binder<Option<T>> {
-    pub fn transpose(self) -> Option<Binder<T>> {
-        self.0.map(Binder)
+impl<'tcx, T> Binder<'tcx, Option<T>> {
+    pub fn transpose(self) -> Option<Binder<'tcx, T>> {
+        let bound_vars = self.1;
+        self.0.map(|v| Binder(v, bound_vars))
     }
 }
 
@@ -1139,7 +1160,7 @@ pub struct GenSig<'tcx> {
     pub return_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
 }
 
-pub type PolyGenSig<'tcx> = Binder<GenSig<'tcx>>;
+pub type PolyGenSig<'tcx> = Binder<'tcx, GenSig<'tcx>>;
 
 /// Signature of a function type, which we have arbitrarily
 /// decided to use to refer to the input/output types.
@@ -1177,22 +1198,22 @@ impl<'tcx> FnSig<'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
-pub type PolyFnSig<'tcx> = Binder<FnSig<'tcx>>;
+pub type PolyFnSig<'tcx> = Binder<'tcx, FnSig<'tcx>>;
 
 impl<'tcx> PolyFnSig<'tcx> {
     #[inline]
-    pub fn inputs(&self) -> Binder<&'tcx [Ty<'tcx>]> {
-        self.map_bound_ref(|fn_sig| fn_sig.inputs())
+    pub fn inputs(&self) -> Binder<'tcx, &'tcx [Ty<'tcx>]> {
+        self.map_bound_ref_unchecked(|fn_sig| fn_sig.inputs())
     }
     #[inline]
-    pub fn input(&self, index: usize) -> ty::Binder<Ty<'tcx>> {
+    pub fn input(&self, index: usize) -> ty::Binder<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>> {
         self.map_bound_ref(|fn_sig| fn_sig.inputs()[index])
     }
-    pub fn inputs_and_output(&self) -> ty::Binder<&'tcx List<Ty<'tcx>>> {
+    pub fn inputs_and_output(&self) -> ty::Binder<'tcx, &'tcx List<Ty<'tcx>>> {
         self.map_bound_ref(|fn_sig| fn_sig.inputs_and_output)
     }
     #[inline]
-    pub fn output(&self) -> ty::Binder<Ty<'tcx>> {
+    pub fn output(&self) -> ty::Binder<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>> {
         self.map_bound_ref(|fn_sig| fn_sig.output())
     }
     pub fn c_variadic(&self) -> bool {
@@ -1206,7 +1227,7 @@ impl<'tcx> PolyFnSig<'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
-pub type CanonicalPolyFnSig<'tcx> = Canonical<'tcx, Binder<FnSig<'tcx>>>;
+pub type CanonicalPolyFnSig<'tcx> = Canonical<'tcx, Binder<'tcx, FnSig<'tcx>>>;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, TyEncodable, TyDecodable)]
 #[derive(HashStable)]
@@ -1450,7 +1471,7 @@ pub struct ExistentialProjection<'tcx> {
     pub ty: Ty<'tcx>,
 }
 
-pub type PolyExistentialProjection<'tcx> = Binder<ExistentialProjection<'tcx>>;
+pub type PolyExistentialProjection<'tcx> = Binder<'tcx, ExistentialProjection<'tcx>>;
 
 impl<'tcx> ExistentialProjection<'tcx> {
     /// Extracts the underlying existential trait reference from this projection.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/subst.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/subst.rs
index 5d1b976ae97..8352e8b4918 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/subst.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/subst.rs
@@ -448,7 +448,10 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeFolder<'tcx> for SubstFolder<'a, 'tcx> {
         self.tcx
     }
 
-    fn fold_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(&mut self, t: ty::Binder<T>) -> ty::Binder<T> {
+    fn fold_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(
+        &mut self,
+        t: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> ty::Binder<'tcx, T> {
         self.binders_passed += 1;
         let t = t.super_fold_with(self);
         self.binders_passed -= 1;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/util.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/util.rs
index 9c7de250c29..7d09ca5152f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/util.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/util.rs
@@ -499,10 +499,9 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
         self,
         closure_def_id: DefId,
         closure_substs: SubstsRef<'tcx>,
-    ) -> Option<ty::Binder<Ty<'tcx>>> {
+        env_region: ty::RegionKind,
+    ) -> Option<Ty<'tcx>> {
         let closure_ty = self.mk_closure(closure_def_id, closure_substs);
-        let br = ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrEnv };
-        let env_region = ty::ReLateBound(ty::INNERMOST, br);
         let closure_kind_ty = closure_substs.as_closure().kind_ty();
         let closure_kind = closure_kind_ty.to_opt_closure_kind()?;
         let env_ty = match closure_kind {
@@ -510,7 +509,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
             ty::ClosureKind::FnMut => self.mk_mut_ref(self.mk_region(env_region), closure_ty),
             ty::ClosureKind::FnOnce => closure_ty,
         };
-        Some(ty::Binder::bind(env_ty))
+        Some(env_ty)
     }
 
     /// Returns `true` if the node pointed to by `def_id` is a `static` item.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/diagnostics/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/diagnostics/mod.rs
index 4f61b8d0910..6ea0ba0a8e1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/diagnostics/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/diagnostics/mod.rs
@@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> MirBorrowckCtxt<'cx, 'tcx> {
         // lifetimes without names with the value `'0`.
         match ty.kind() {
             ty::Ref(
-                ty::RegionKind::ReLateBound(_, ty::BoundRegion { kind: br })
+                ty::RegionKind::ReLateBound(_, ty::BoundRegion { kind: br, .. })
                 | ty::RegionKind::RePlaceholder(ty::PlaceholderRegion { name: br, .. }),
                 _,
                 _,
@@ -523,7 +523,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> MirBorrowckCtxt<'cx, 'tcx> {
         let region = match ty.kind() {
             ty::Ref(region, _, _) => {
                 match region {
-                    ty::RegionKind::ReLateBound(_, ty::BoundRegion { kind: br })
+                    ty::RegionKind::ReLateBound(_, ty::BoundRegion { kind: br, .. })
                     | ty::RegionKind::RePlaceholder(ty::PlaceholderRegion { name: br, .. }) => {
                         printer.region_highlight_mode.highlighting_bound_region(*br, counter)
                     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/type_check/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/type_check/mod.rs
index fddd1401868..3248554e204 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/type_check/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/type_check/mod.rs
@@ -2028,7 +2028,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeChecker<'a, 'tcx> {
                                             traits::ObligationCauseCode::RepeatVec(is_const_fn),
                                         ),
                                         self.param_env,
-                                        ty::Binder::bind(ty::TraitRef::new(
+                                        ty::Binder::dummy(ty::TraitRef::new(
                                             self.tcx().require_lang_item(
                                                 LangItem::Copy,
                                                 Some(self.last_span),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/universal_regions.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/universal_regions.rs
index 68fa9d8bf98..c2ac1e289ce 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/universal_regions.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/universal_regions.rs
@@ -589,31 +589,45 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> UniversalRegionsBuilder<'cx, 'tcx> {
         &self,
         indices: &UniversalRegionIndices<'tcx>,
         defining_ty: DefiningTy<'tcx>,
-    ) -> ty::Binder<&'tcx ty::List<Ty<'tcx>>> {
+    ) -> ty::Binder<'tcx, &'tcx ty::List<Ty<'tcx>>> {
         let tcx = self.infcx.tcx;
         match defining_ty {
             DefiningTy::Closure(def_id, substs) => {
                 assert_eq!(self.mir_def.did.to_def_id(), def_id);
                 let closure_sig = substs.as_closure().sig();
                 let inputs_and_output = closure_sig.inputs_and_output();
-                let closure_ty = tcx.closure_env_ty(def_id, substs).unwrap();
-                ty::Binder::fuse(closure_ty, inputs_and_output, |closure_ty, inputs_and_output| {
-                    // The "inputs" of the closure in the
-                    // signature appear as a tuple.  The MIR side
-                    // flattens this tuple.
-                    let (&output, tuplized_inputs) = inputs_and_output.split_last().unwrap();
-                    assert_eq!(tuplized_inputs.len(), 1, "multiple closure inputs");
-                    let inputs = match tuplized_inputs[0].kind() {
-                        ty::Tuple(inputs) => inputs,
-                        _ => bug!("closure inputs not a tuple: {:?}", tuplized_inputs[0]),
-                    };
+                let bound_vars = tcx.mk_bound_variable_kinds(
+                    inputs_and_output
+                        .bound_vars()
+                        .iter()
+                        .chain(iter::once(ty::BoundVariableKind::Region(ty::BrEnv))),
+                );
+                let br = ty::BoundRegion {
+                    var: ty::BoundVar::from_usize(bound_vars.len() - 1),
+                    kind: ty::BrEnv,
+                };
+                let env_region = ty::ReLateBound(ty::INNERMOST, br);
+                let closure_ty = tcx.closure_env_ty(def_id, substs, env_region).unwrap();
+
+                // The "inputs" of the closure in the
+                // signature appear as a tuple.  The MIR side
+                // flattens this tuple.
+                let (&output, tuplized_inputs) =
+                    inputs_and_output.skip_binder().split_last().unwrap();
+                assert_eq!(tuplized_inputs.len(), 1, "multiple closure inputs");
+                let inputs = match tuplized_inputs[0].kind() {
+                    ty::Tuple(inputs) => inputs,
+                    _ => bug!("closure inputs not a tuple: {:?}", tuplized_inputs[0]),
+                };
 
+                ty::Binder::bind_with_vars(
                     tcx.mk_type_list(
                         iter::once(closure_ty)
                             .chain(inputs.iter().map(|k| k.expect_ty()))
                             .chain(iter::once(output)),
-                    )
-                })
+                    ),
+                    bound_vars,
+                )
             }
 
             DefiningTy::Generator(def_id, substs, movability) => {
@@ -657,7 +671,7 @@ trait InferCtxtExt<'tcx> {
         &self,
         origin: NllRegionVariableOrigin,
         all_outlive_scope: LocalDefId,
-        value: ty::Binder<T>,
+        value: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
         indices: &mut UniversalRegionIndices<'tcx>,
     ) -> T
     where
@@ -686,7 +700,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> InferCtxtExt<'tcx> for InferCtxt<'cx, 'tcx> {
         &self,
         origin: NllRegionVariableOrigin,
         all_outlive_scope: LocalDefId,
-        value: ty::Binder<T>,
+        value: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
         indices: &mut UniversalRegionIndices<'tcx>,
     ) -> T
     where
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/interpret/intrinsics/type_name.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/interpret/intrinsics/type_name.rs
index e1ec4cc5e97..ae5e78ee33f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/interpret/intrinsics/type_name.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/interpret/intrinsics/type_name.rs
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Printer<'tcx> for AbsolutePathPrinter<'tcx> {
 
     fn print_dyn_existential(
         mut self,
-        predicates: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
+        predicates: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
     ) -> Result<Self::DynExistential, Self::Error> {
         let mut first = true;
         for p in predicates {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/monomorphize/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/monomorphize/mod.rs
index d2586f0f84d..9ca4b6687f1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/monomorphize/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/monomorphize/mod.rs
@@ -8,14 +8,14 @@ pub mod collector;
 pub mod partitioning;
 pub mod polymorphize;
 
-pub fn custom_coerce_unsize_info<'tcx>(
+fn custom_coerce_unsize_info<'tcx>(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
     source_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
     target_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
 ) -> CustomCoerceUnsized {
     let def_id = tcx.require_lang_item(LangItem::CoerceUnsized, None);
 
-    let trait_ref = ty::Binder::bind(ty::TraitRef {
+    let trait_ref = ty::Binder::dummy(ty::TraitRef {
         def_id,
         substs: tcx.mk_substs_trait(source_ty, &[target_ty.into()]),
     });
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/check_consts/validation.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/check_consts/validation.rs
index 1ad7b8fbbd5..ce5e41d3e7c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/check_consts/validation.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/check_consts/validation.rs
@@ -850,9 +850,12 @@ impl Visitor<'tcx> for Validator<'mir, 'tcx> {
                     let obligation = Obligation::new(
                         ObligationCause::dummy(),
                         param_env,
-                        Binder::bind(TraitPredicate {
-                            trait_ref: TraitRef::from_method(tcx, trait_id, substs),
-                        }),
+                        Binder::bind(
+                            TraitPredicate {
+                                trait_ref: TraitRef::from_method(tcx, trait_id, substs),
+                            },
+                            tcx,
+                        ),
                     );
 
                     let implsrc = tcx.infer_ctxt().enter(|infcx| {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/mod.rs
index 9f1de3349a5..c90f94c6d63 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/mod.rs
@@ -252,8 +252,13 @@ fn liberated_closure_env_ty(
         _ => bug!("closure expr does not have closure type: {:?}", closure_ty),
     };
 
-    let closure_env_ty = tcx.closure_env_ty(closure_def_id, closure_substs).unwrap();
-    tcx.erase_late_bound_regions(closure_env_ty)
+    let bound_vars =
+        tcx.mk_bound_variable_kinds(std::iter::once(ty::BoundVariableKind::Region(ty::BrEnv)));
+    let br =
+        ty::BoundRegion { var: ty::BoundVar::from_usize(bound_vars.len() - 1), kind: ty::BrEnv };
+    let env_region = ty::ReLateBound(ty::INNERMOST, br);
+    let closure_env_ty = tcx.closure_env_ty(closure_def_id, closure_substs, env_region).unwrap();
+    tcx.erase_late_bound_regions(ty::Binder::bind_with_vars(closure_env_ty, bound_vars))
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/lifetimes.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/lifetimes.rs
index 698e5048f7b..b89ad867f46 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/lifetimes.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/lifetimes.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ use std::cell::Cell;
 use std::fmt;
 use std::mem::take;
 
-use tracing::debug;
+use tracing::{debug, span, Level};
 
 // This counts the no of times a lifetime is used
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
@@ -42,9 +42,9 @@ pub enum LifetimeUseSet<'tcx> {
 trait RegionExt {
     fn early(hir_map: &Map<'_>, index: &mut u32, param: &GenericParam<'_>) -> (ParamName, Region);
 
-    fn late(hir_map: &Map<'_>, param: &GenericParam<'_>) -> (ParamName, Region);
+    fn late(index: u32, hir_map: &Map<'_>, param: &GenericParam<'_>) -> (ParamName, Region);
 
-    fn late_anon(index: &Cell<u32>) -> Region;
+    fn late_anon(named_late_bound_vars: u32, index: &Cell<u32>) -> Region;
 
     fn id(&self) -> Option<DefId>;
 
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ impl RegionExt for Region {
         (param.name.normalize_to_macros_2_0(), Region::EarlyBound(i, def_id.to_def_id(), origin))
     }
 
-    fn late(hir_map: &Map<'_>, param: &GenericParam<'_>) -> (ParamName, Region) {
+    fn late(idx: u32, hir_map: &Map<'_>, param: &GenericParam<'_>) -> (ParamName, Region) {
         let depth = ty::INNERMOST;
         let def_id = hir_map.local_def_id(param.hir_id);
         let origin = LifetimeDefOrigin::from_param(param);
@@ -75,21 +75,24 @@ impl RegionExt for Region {
             "Region::late: param={:?} depth={:?} def_id={:?} origin={:?}",
             param, depth, def_id, origin,
         );
-        (param.name.normalize_to_macros_2_0(), Region::LateBound(depth, def_id.to_def_id(), origin))
+        (
+            param.name.normalize_to_macros_2_0(),
+            Region::LateBound(depth, idx, def_id.to_def_id(), origin),
+        )
     }
 
-    fn late_anon(index: &Cell<u32>) -> Region {
+    fn late_anon(named_late_bound_vars: u32, index: &Cell<u32>) -> Region {
         let i = index.get();
         index.set(i + 1);
         let depth = ty::INNERMOST;
-        Region::LateBoundAnon(depth, i)
+        Region::LateBoundAnon(depth, named_late_bound_vars + i, i)
     }
 
     fn id(&self) -> Option<DefId> {
         match *self {
             Region::Static | Region::LateBoundAnon(..) => None,
 
-            Region::EarlyBound(_, id, _) | Region::LateBound(_, id, _) | Region::Free(_, id) => {
+            Region::EarlyBound(_, id, _) | Region::LateBound(_, _, id, _) | Region::Free(_, id) => {
                 Some(id)
             }
         }
@@ -97,11 +100,11 @@ impl RegionExt for Region {
 
     fn shifted(self, amount: u32) -> Region {
         match self {
-            Region::LateBound(debruijn, id, origin) => {
-                Region::LateBound(debruijn.shifted_in(amount), id, origin)
+            Region::LateBound(debruijn, idx, id, origin) => {
+                Region::LateBound(debruijn.shifted_in(amount), idx, id, origin)
             }
-            Region::LateBoundAnon(debruijn, index) => {
-                Region::LateBoundAnon(debruijn.shifted_in(amount), index)
+            Region::LateBoundAnon(debruijn, index, anon_index) => {
+                Region::LateBoundAnon(debruijn.shifted_in(amount), index, anon_index)
             }
             _ => self,
         }
@@ -109,11 +112,11 @@ impl RegionExt for Region {
 
     fn shifted_out_to_binder(self, binder: ty::DebruijnIndex) -> Region {
         match self {
-            Region::LateBound(debruijn, id, origin) => {
-                Region::LateBound(debruijn.shifted_out_to_binder(binder), id, origin)
+            Region::LateBound(debruijn, index, id, origin) => {
+                Region::LateBound(debruijn.shifted_out_to_binder(binder), index, id, origin)
             }
-            Region::LateBoundAnon(debruijn, index) => {
-                Region::LateBoundAnon(debruijn.shifted_out_to_binder(binder), index)
+            Region::LateBoundAnon(debruijn, index, anon_index) => {
+                Region::LateBoundAnon(debruijn.shifted_out_to_binder(binder), index, anon_index)
             }
             _ => self,
         }
@@ -147,6 +150,14 @@ struct NamedRegionMap {
     // be late-bound if (a) it does NOT appear in a where-clause and
     // (b) it DOES appear in the arguments.
     late_bound: HirIdSet,
+
+    // Maps relevant hir items to the bound vars on them. These include:
+    // - function defs
+    // - function pointers
+    // - closures
+    // - trait refs
+    // - bound types (like `T` in `for<'a> T<'a>: Foo`)
+    late_bound_vars: HirIdMap<Vec<ty::BoundVariableKind>>,
 }
 
 crate struct LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
@@ -161,13 +172,21 @@ crate struct LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
     /// correct when representing these constraints, we should only introduce one
     /// scope. However, we want to support both locations for the quantifier and
     /// during lifetime resolution we want precise information (so we can't
-    /// desugar in an earlier phase).
+    /// desugar in an earlier phase). Moreso, an error here doesn't cause a bail
+    /// from type checking, so we need to be extra careful that we don't lose
+    /// any bound var information.
     ///
     /// So, if we encounter a quantifier at the outer scope, we set
-    /// `trait_ref_hack` to `true` (and introduce a scope), and then if we encounter
-    /// a quantifier at the inner scope, we error. If `trait_ref_hack` is `false`,
-    /// then we introduce the scope at the inner quantifier.
-    trait_ref_hack: bool,
+    /// `trait_ref_hack` to the hir id of the bounded type (and introduce a scope).
+    /// Then, if we encounter a quantifier at the inner scope, then we know to
+    /// emit an error. Importantly though, we do have to track the lifetimes
+    /// defined on the outer scope (i.e. the bounded ty), since we continue
+    /// to type check after emitting an error; we therefore assume that the bound
+    /// vars on the inner trait refs come from both quantifiers.
+    ///
+    /// If we encounter a quantifier in the inner scope `trait_ref_hack` being
+    /// `None`, then we just introduce the scope at the inner quantifier as normal.
+    trait_ref_hack: Option<hir::HirId>,
 
     /// Used to disallow the use of in-band lifetimes in `fn` or `Fn` syntax.
     is_in_fn_syntax: bool,
@@ -225,6 +244,17 @@ enum Scope<'a> {
         /// of the resulting opaque type.
         opaque_type_parent: bool,
 
+        /// True only if this `Binder` scope is from the quantifiers on a
+        /// `PolyTraitRef`. This is necessary for `assocated_type_bounds`, which
+        /// requires binders of nested trait refs to be merged.
+        from_poly_trait_ref: bool,
+
+        /// The late bound vars for a given item are stored by `HirId` to be
+        /// queried later. However, if we enter an elision scope, we have to
+        /// later append the elided bound vars to the list and need to know what
+        /// to append to.
+        hir_id: hir::HirId,
+
         s: ScopeRef<'a>,
     },
 
@@ -252,6 +282,50 @@ enum Scope<'a> {
         s: ScopeRef<'a>,
     },
 
+    /// This is a particularly interesting consequence of how we handle poly
+    /// trait refs. See `trait_ref_hack` for additional info. This bit is
+    /// important w.r.t. querying late-bound vars.
+    ///
+    /// To completely understand why this is necessary, first it's important to
+    /// realize that `T: for<'a> U + for<'a, 'b> V` is actually two separate
+    /// trait refs: `T: for<'a> U` and `T: for<'b> V` and as such, the late
+    /// bound vars on each needs to be tracked separately. Also, in this case,
+    /// are *three* relevant `HirId`s: one for the entire bound and one
+    /// for each separate one.
+    ///
+    /// Next, imagine three different poly trait refs:
+    ///   1) `for<'a, 'b> T: U<'a, 'b>`
+    ///   2) `T: for<'a, 'b> U<'a, 'b>`
+    ///   3) `for<'a> T: for<'b> U<'a, 'b>`
+    ///
+    /// First, note that the third example is semantically invalid and an error,
+    /// but we *must* handle it as valid, since type checking isn't bailed out
+    /// of. Other than that, if ask for bound vars for each, we expect
+    /// `['a, 'b]`. If we *didn't* allow binders before `T`, then we would
+    /// always introduce a binder scope at the inner trait ref. This is great,
+    /// becauase later on during type-checking, we will ask "what are the late
+    /// bound vars on this trait ref". However, because we allow bound vars on
+    /// the bound itself, we have to have some way of keeping track of the fact
+    /// that we actually want to store the late bound vars as being associated
+    /// with the trait ref; this is that.
+    ///
+    /// One alternative way to handle this would be to just introduce a new
+    /// `Binder` scope, but that's semantically a bit different, since bound
+    /// vars from both `for<...>`s *do* share the same binder level.
+    TraitRefHackInner {
+        hir_id: hir::HirId,
+        s: ScopeRef<'a>,
+    },
+
+    /// When we have nested trait refs, we concanetate late bound vars for inner
+    /// trait refs from outer ones. But we also need to include any HRTB
+    /// lifetimes encountered when identifying the trait that an associated type
+    /// is declared on.
+    Supertrait {
+        lifetimes: Vec<ty::BoundVariableKind>,
+        s: ScopeRef<'a>,
+    },
+
     Root,
 }
 
@@ -266,6 +340,8 @@ impl<'a> fmt::Debug for TruncatedScopeDebug<'a> {
                 next_early_index,
                 track_lifetime_uses,
                 opaque_type_parent,
+                from_poly_trait_ref,
+                hir_id,
                 s: _,
             } => f
                 .debug_struct("Binder")
@@ -273,6 +349,8 @@ impl<'a> fmt::Debug for TruncatedScopeDebug<'a> {
                 .field("next_early_index", next_early_index)
                 .field("track_lifetime_uses", track_lifetime_uses)
                 .field("opaque_type_parent", opaque_type_parent)
+                .field("from_poly_trait_ref", from_poly_trait_ref)
+                .field("hir_id", hir_id)
                 .field("s", &"..")
                 .finish(),
             Scope::Body { id, s: _ } => {
@@ -286,6 +364,16 @@ impl<'a> fmt::Debug for TruncatedScopeDebug<'a> {
                 .field("lifetime", lifetime)
                 .field("s", &"..")
                 .finish(),
+            Scope::TraitRefHackInner { hir_id, s: _ } => f
+                .debug_struct("TraitRefHackInner")
+                .field("hir_id", hir_id)
+                .field("s", &"..")
+                .finish(),
+            Scope::Supertrait { lifetimes, s: _ } => f
+                .debug_struct("Supertrait")
+                .field("lifetimes", lifetimes)
+                .field("s", &"..")
+                .finish(),
             Scope::Root => f.debug_struct("Root").finish(),
         }
     }
@@ -294,8 +382,9 @@ impl<'a> fmt::Debug for TruncatedScopeDebug<'a> {
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 enum Elide {
     /// Use a fresh anonymous late-bound lifetime each time, by
-    /// incrementing the counter to generate sequential indices.
-    FreshLateAnon(Cell<u32>),
+    /// incrementing the counter to generate sequential indices. All
+    /// anonymous lifetimes must start *after* named bound vars.
+    FreshLateAnon(u32, Cell<u32>),
     /// Always use this one lifetime.
     Exact(Region),
     /// Less or more than one lifetime were found, error on unspecified.
@@ -334,6 +423,7 @@ pub fn provide(providers: &mut ty::query::Providers) {
                 _ => None,
             }
         },
+        late_bound_vars_map: |tcx, id| resolve_lifetimes_for(tcx, id).late_bound_vars.get(&id),
 
         ..*providers
     };
@@ -391,13 +481,16 @@ fn do_resolve(
     trait_definition_only: bool,
 ) -> ResolveLifetimes {
     let item = tcx.hir().expect_item(tcx.hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(local_def_id));
-    let mut named_region_map =
-        NamedRegionMap { defs: Default::default(), late_bound: Default::default() };
+    let mut named_region_map = NamedRegionMap {
+        defs: Default::default(),
+        late_bound: Default::default(),
+        late_bound_vars: Default::default(),
+    };
     let mut visitor = LifetimeContext {
         tcx,
         map: &mut named_region_map,
         scope: ROOT_SCOPE,
-        trait_ref_hack: false,
+        trait_ref_hack: None,
         is_in_fn_syntax: false,
         is_in_const_generic: false,
         trait_definition_only,
@@ -418,6 +511,10 @@ fn do_resolve(
         let map = rl.late_bound.entry(hir_id.owner).or_default();
         map.insert(hir_id.local_id);
     }
+    for (hir_id, v) in named_region_map.late_bound_vars {
+        let map = rl.late_bound_vars.entry(hir_id.owner).or_default();
+        map.insert(hir_id.local_id, v);
+    }
 
     debug!(?rl.defs);
     rl
@@ -503,6 +600,19 @@ fn sub_items_have_self_param(node: &hir::ItemKind<'_>) -> bool {
     matches!(*node, hir::ItemKind::Trait(..) | hir::ItemKind::TraitAlias(..))
 }
 
+fn late_region_as_bound_region<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, region: &Region) -> ty::BoundVariableKind {
+    match region {
+        Region::LateBound(_, _, def_id, _) => {
+            let name = tcx.hir().name(tcx.hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(def_id.expect_local()));
+            ty::BoundVariableKind::Region(ty::BrNamed(*def_id, name))
+        }
+        Region::LateBoundAnon(_, _, anon_idx) => {
+            ty::BoundVariableKind::Region(ty::BrAnon(*anon_idx))
+        }
+        _ => bug!("{:?} is not a late region", region),
+    }
+}
+
 impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
     type Map = Map<'tcx>;
 
@@ -530,11 +640,58 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
         self.labels_in_fn = saved;
     }
 
+    fn visit_fn(
+        &mut self,
+        fk: intravisit::FnKind<'tcx>,
+        fd: &'tcx hir::FnDecl<'tcx>,
+        b: hir::BodyId,
+        s: rustc_span::Span,
+        hir_id: hir::HirId,
+    ) {
+        let name = match fk {
+            intravisit::FnKind::ItemFn(id, _, _, _) => id.as_str(),
+            intravisit::FnKind::Method(id, _, _) => id.as_str(),
+            intravisit::FnKind::Closure => Symbol::intern("closure").as_str(),
+        };
+        let name: &str = &name;
+        let span = span!(Level::DEBUG, "visit_fn", name);
+        let _enter = span.enter();
+        match fk {
+            // Any `Binders` are handled elsewhere
+            intravisit::FnKind::ItemFn(..) | intravisit::FnKind::Method(..) => {
+                intravisit::walk_fn(self, fk, fd, b, s, hir_id)
+            }
+            intravisit::FnKind::Closure => {
+                self.map.late_bound_vars.insert(hir_id, vec![]);
+                let scope = Scope::Binder {
+                    hir_id,
+                    lifetimes: FxHashMap::default(),
+                    next_early_index: self.next_early_index(),
+                    s: self.scope,
+                    track_lifetime_uses: true,
+                    opaque_type_parent: false,
+                    from_poly_trait_ref: false,
+                };
+                self.with(scope, move |_old_scope, this| {
+                    intravisit::walk_fn(this, fk, fd, b, s, hir_id)
+                });
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     fn visit_item(&mut self, item: &'tcx hir::Item<'tcx>) {
+        match &item.kind {
+            hir::ItemKind::Impl(hir::Impl { of_trait, .. }) => {
+                if let Some(of_trait) = of_trait {
+                    self.map.late_bound_vars.insert(of_trait.hir_ref_id, Vec::default());
+                }
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        }
         match item.kind {
             hir::ItemKind::Fn(ref sig, ref generics, _) => {
                 self.missing_named_lifetime_spots.push(generics.into());
-                self.visit_early_late(None, &sig.decl, generics, |this| {
+                self.visit_early_late(None, item.hir_id(), &sig.decl, generics, |this| {
                     intravisit::walk_item(this, item);
                 });
                 self.missing_named_lifetime_spots.pop();
@@ -582,6 +739,16 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                                     self.map.late_bound.insert(hir::HirId { owner, local_id });
                                 });
                             }
+                            for (&owner, late_bound_vars) in
+                                resolved_lifetimes.late_bound_vars.iter()
+                            {
+                                late_bound_vars.iter().for_each(|(&local_id, late_bound_vars)| {
+                                    self.map.late_bound_vars.insert(
+                                        hir::HirId { owner, local_id },
+                                        late_bound_vars.clone(),
+                                    );
+                                });
+                            }
                             break;
                         }
                         hir::Node::Crate(_) => bug!("No Item about an OpaqueTy"),
@@ -621,11 +788,14 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                         }
                     })
                     .collect();
+                self.map.late_bound_vars.insert(item.hir_id(), vec![]);
                 let scope = Scope::Binder {
+                    hir_id: item.hir_id(),
                     lifetimes,
                     next_early_index: index + non_lifetime_count,
                     opaque_type_parent: true,
                     track_lifetime_uses,
+                    from_poly_trait_ref: false,
                     s: ROOT_SCOPE,
                 };
                 self.with(scope, |old_scope, this| {
@@ -640,7 +810,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
     fn visit_foreign_item(&mut self, item: &'tcx hir::ForeignItem<'tcx>) {
         match item.kind {
             hir::ForeignItemKind::Fn(ref decl, _, ref generics) => {
-                self.visit_early_late(None, decl, generics, |this| {
+                self.visit_early_late(None, item.hir_id(), decl, generics, |this| {
                     intravisit::walk_foreign_item(this, item);
                 })
             }
@@ -672,21 +842,29 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                 };
                 self.missing_named_lifetime_spots
                     .push(MissingLifetimeSpot::HigherRanked { span, span_type });
+                let (lifetimes, binders): (FxHashMap<hir::ParamName, Region>, Vec<_>) = c
+                    .generic_params
+                    .iter()
+                    .filter_map(|param| match param.kind {
+                        GenericParamKind::Lifetime { .. } => Some(param),
+                        _ => None,
+                    })
+                    .enumerate()
+                    .map(|(late_bound_idx, param)| {
+                        let pair = Region::late(late_bound_idx as u32, &self.tcx.hir(), param);
+                        let r = late_region_as_bound_region(self.tcx, &pair.1);
+                        (pair, r)
+                    })
+                    .unzip();
+                self.map.late_bound_vars.insert(ty.hir_id, binders);
                 let scope = Scope::Binder {
-                    lifetimes: c
-                        .generic_params
-                        .iter()
-                        .filter_map(|param| match param.kind {
-                            GenericParamKind::Lifetime { .. } => {
-                                Some(Region::late(&self.tcx.hir(), param))
-                            }
-                            _ => None,
-                        })
-                        .collect(),
+                    hir_id: ty.hir_id,
+                    lifetimes,
                     s: self.scope,
                     next_early_index,
                     track_lifetime_uses: true,
                     opaque_type_parent: false,
+                    from_poly_trait_ref: false,
                 };
                 self.with(scope, |old_scope, this| {
                     // a bare fn has no bounds, so everything
@@ -721,7 +899,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                         // resolved the same as the `'_` in `&'_ Foo`.
                         //
                         // cc #48468
-                        self.resolve_elided_lifetimes(vec![lifetime])
+                        self.resolve_elided_lifetimes(&[lifetime])
                     }
                     LifetimeName::Param(_) | LifetimeName::Static => {
                         // If the user wrote an explicit name, use that.
@@ -784,7 +962,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                         // well-supported at the moment, so this doesn't work.
                         // In the future, this should be fixed and this error should be removed.
                         let def = self.map.defs.get(&lifetime.hir_id).cloned();
-                        if let Some(Region::LateBound(_, def_id, _)) = def {
+                        if let Some(Region::LateBound(_, _, def_id, _)) = def {
                             if let Some(def_id) = def_id.as_local() {
                                 let hir_id = self.tcx.hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(def_id);
                                 // Ensure that the parent of the def is an item, not HRTB
@@ -863,17 +1041,20 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                     }
                 }
                 let next_early_index = index + non_lifetime_count;
+                self.map.late_bound_vars.insert(ty.hir_id, vec![]);
 
                 if let Some(elision_region) = elision {
                     let scope =
                         Scope::Elision { elide: Elide::Exact(elision_region), s: self.scope };
                     self.with(scope, |_old_scope, this| {
                         let scope = Scope::Binder {
+                            hir_id: ty.hir_id,
                             lifetimes,
                             next_early_index,
                             s: this.scope,
                             track_lifetime_uses: true,
                             opaque_type_parent: false,
+                            from_poly_trait_ref: false,
                         };
                         this.with(scope, |_old_scope, this| {
                             this.visit_generics(generics);
@@ -884,11 +1065,13 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                     });
                 } else {
                     let scope = Scope::Binder {
+                        hir_id: ty.hir_id,
                         lifetimes,
                         next_early_index,
                         s: self.scope,
                         track_lifetime_uses: true,
                         opaque_type_parent: false,
+                        from_poly_trait_ref: false,
                     };
                     self.with(scope, |_old_scope, this| {
                         this.visit_generics(generics);
@@ -910,6 +1093,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                 let tcx = self.tcx;
                 self.visit_early_late(
                     Some(tcx.hir().get_parent_item(trait_item.hir_id())),
+                    trait_item.hir_id(),
                     &sig.decl,
                     &trait_item.generics,
                     |this| intravisit::walk_trait_item(this, trait_item),
@@ -935,12 +1119,15 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                         }
                     })
                     .collect();
+                self.map.late_bound_vars.insert(trait_item.hir_id(), vec![]);
                 let scope = Scope::Binder {
+                    hir_id: trait_item.hir_id(),
                     lifetimes,
                     next_early_index: index + non_lifetime_count,
                     s: self.scope,
                     track_lifetime_uses: true,
                     opaque_type_parent: true,
+                    from_poly_trait_ref: false,
                 };
                 self.with(scope, |old_scope, this| {
                     this.check_lifetime_params(old_scope, &generics.params);
@@ -972,6 +1159,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                 let tcx = self.tcx;
                 self.visit_early_late(
                     Some(tcx.hir().get_parent_item(impl_item.hir_id())),
+                    impl_item.hir_id(),
                     &sig.decl,
                     &impl_item.generics,
                     |this| intravisit::walk_impl_item(this, impl_item),
@@ -984,7 +1172,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                 let mut index = self.next_early_index();
                 let mut non_lifetime_count = 0;
                 debug!("visit_ty: index = {}", index);
-                let lifetimes = generics
+                let lifetimes: FxHashMap<hir::ParamName, Region> = generics
                     .params
                     .iter()
                     .filter_map(|param| match param.kind {
@@ -997,12 +1185,15 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                         }
                     })
                     .collect();
+                self.map.late_bound_vars.insert(ty.hir_id, vec![]);
                 let scope = Scope::Binder {
+                    hir_id: ty.hir_id,
                     lifetimes,
                     next_early_index: index + non_lifetime_count,
                     s: self.scope,
                     track_lifetime_uses: true,
                     opaque_type_parent: true,
+                    from_poly_trait_ref: false,
                 };
                 self.with(scope, |old_scope, this| {
                     this.check_lifetime_params(old_scope, &generics.params);
@@ -1024,7 +1215,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
     #[tracing::instrument(level = "debug", skip(self))]
     fn visit_lifetime(&mut self, lifetime_ref: &'tcx hir::Lifetime) {
         if lifetime_ref.is_elided() {
-            self.resolve_elided_lifetimes(vec![lifetime_ref]);
+            self.resolve_elided_lifetimes(&[lifetime_ref]);
             return;
         }
         if lifetime_ref.is_static() {
@@ -1085,30 +1276,39 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                     ref bound_generic_params,
                     ..
                 }) => {
-                    let lifetimes: FxHashMap<_, _> = bound_generic_params
-                        .iter()
-                        .filter_map(|param| match param.kind {
-                            GenericParamKind::Lifetime { .. } => {
-                                Some(Region::late(&self.tcx.hir(), param))
-                            }
-                            _ => None,
-                        })
-                        .collect();
+                    let (lifetimes, binders): (FxHashMap<hir::ParamName, Region>, Vec<_>) =
+                        bound_generic_params
+                            .iter()
+                            .filter_map(|param| match param.kind {
+                                GenericParamKind::Lifetime { .. } => Some(param),
+                                _ => None,
+                            })
+                            .enumerate()
+                            .map(|(late_bound_idx, param)| {
+                                let pair =
+                                    Region::late(late_bound_idx as u32, &self.tcx.hir(), param);
+                                let r = late_region_as_bound_region(self.tcx, &pair.1);
+                                (pair, r)
+                            })
+                            .unzip();
+                    self.map.late_bound_vars.insert(bounded_ty.hir_id, binders.clone());
                     if !lifetimes.is_empty() {
                         let next_early_index = self.next_early_index();
                         let scope = Scope::Binder {
+                            hir_id: bounded_ty.hir_id,
                             lifetimes,
                             s: self.scope,
                             next_early_index,
                             track_lifetime_uses: true,
                             opaque_type_parent: false,
+                            from_poly_trait_ref: true,
                         };
                         let result = self.with(scope, |old_scope, this| {
                             this.check_lifetime_params(old_scope, &bound_generic_params);
                             this.visit_ty(&bounded_ty);
-                            this.trait_ref_hack = true;
+                            this.trait_ref_hack = Some(bounded_ty.hir_id);
                             walk_list!(this, visit_param_bound, bounds);
-                            this.trait_ref_hack = false;
+                            this.trait_ref_hack = None;
                         });
                         result
                     } else {
@@ -1138,13 +1338,16 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
 
     fn visit_param_bound(&mut self, bound: &'tcx hir::GenericBound<'tcx>) {
         match bound {
-            hir::GenericBound::LangItemTrait { .. } if !self.trait_ref_hack => {
+            hir::GenericBound::LangItemTrait(_, _, hir_id, _) if self.trait_ref_hack.is_none() => {
+                self.map.late_bound_vars.insert(*hir_id, vec![]);
                 let scope = Scope::Binder {
+                    hir_id: *hir_id,
                     lifetimes: FxHashMap::default(),
                     s: self.scope,
                     next_early_index: self.next_early_index(),
                     track_lifetime_uses: true,
                     opaque_type_parent: false,
+                    from_poly_trait_ref: false,
                 };
                 self.with(scope, |_, this| {
                     intravisit::walk_param_bound(this, bound);
@@ -1163,38 +1366,128 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
 
         let should_pop_missing_lt = self.is_trait_ref_fn_scope(trait_ref);
 
-        let trait_ref_hack = take(&mut self.trait_ref_hack);
-        if !trait_ref_hack
-            || trait_ref
+        let trait_ref_hack = self.trait_ref_hack.take();
+        let next_early_index = self.next_early_index();
+        // See note on `trait_ref_hack`. If `for<..>` has been defined in both
+        // the outer and inner part of the trait ref, emit an error.
+        let has_lifetimes = trait_ref.bound_generic_params.iter().any(|param| match param.kind {
+            GenericParamKind::Lifetime { .. } => true,
+            _ => false,
+        });
+        if trait_ref_hack.is_some() && has_lifetimes {
+            struct_span_err!(
+                self.tcx.sess,
+                trait_ref.span,
+                E0316,
+                "nested quantification of lifetimes"
+            )
+            .emit();
+        }
+
+        let (binders, lifetimes) = if let Some(hir_id) = trait_ref_hack {
+            let mut binders = self.map.late_bound_vars.entry(hir_id).or_default().clone();
+            let initial_bound_vars = binders.len() as u32;
+            let mut lifetimes: FxHashMap<hir::ParamName, Region> = FxHashMap::default();
+            let binders_iter = trait_ref
                 .bound_generic_params
                 .iter()
-                .any(|param| matches!(param.kind, GenericParamKind::Lifetime { .. }))
-        {
-            if trait_ref_hack {
-                struct_span_err!(
-                    self.tcx.sess,
-                    trait_ref.span,
-                    E0316,
-                    "nested quantification of lifetimes"
-                )
-                .emit();
-            }
-            let next_early_index = self.next_early_index();
-            let scope = Scope::Binder {
-                lifetimes: trait_ref
-                    .bound_generic_params
-                    .iter()
-                    .filter_map(|param| match param.kind {
-                        GenericParamKind::Lifetime { .. } => {
-                            Some(Region::late(&self.tcx.hir(), param))
+                .filter_map(|param| match param.kind {
+                    GenericParamKind::Lifetime { .. } => Some(param),
+                    _ => None,
+                })
+                .enumerate()
+                .map(|(late_bound_idx, param)| {
+                    let pair = Region::late(
+                        initial_bound_vars + late_bound_idx as u32,
+                        &self.tcx.hir(),
+                        param,
+                    );
+                    let r = late_region_as_bound_region(self.tcx, &pair.1);
+                    lifetimes.insert(pair.0, pair.1);
+                    r
+                });
+            binders.extend(binders_iter);
+
+            (binders, lifetimes)
+        } else {
+            let mut supertrait_lifetimes = vec![];
+            let mut scope = self.scope;
+            let mut outer_binders = loop {
+                match scope {
+                    Scope::Body { .. } | Scope::Root => {
+                        break vec![];
+                    }
+
+                    Scope::Elision { s, .. } | Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { s, .. } => {
+                        scope = s;
+                    }
+
+                    Scope::TraitRefHackInner { hir_id, .. } => {
+                        // Nested poly trait refs have the binders concatenated
+                        // If we reach `TraitRefHackInner`, then there is only one more `Binder` above us,
+                        // over all the bounds. We don't want this, since all the lifetimes we care about
+                        // are here anyways.
+                        let mut full_binders =
+                            self.map.late_bound_vars.entry(*hir_id).or_default().clone();
+                        full_binders.extend(supertrait_lifetimes.into_iter());
+                        break full_binders;
+                    }
+
+                    Scope::Supertrait { s, lifetimes } => {
+                        supertrait_lifetimes = lifetimes.clone();
+                        scope = s;
+                    }
+
+                    Scope::Binder { hir_id, from_poly_trait_ref, .. } => {
+                        if !from_poly_trait_ref {
+                            // We should only see super trait lifetimes if there is a `Binder` above
+                            assert!(supertrait_lifetimes.is_empty());
+                            break vec![];
                         }
-                        _ => None,
-                    })
-                    .collect(),
+                        // Nested poly trait refs have the binders concatenated
+                        let mut full_binders =
+                            self.map.late_bound_vars.entry(*hir_id).or_default().clone();
+                        full_binders.extend(supertrait_lifetimes.into_iter());
+                        break full_binders;
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+            let (lifetimes, local_binders): (FxHashMap<hir::ParamName, Region>, Vec<_>) = trait_ref
+                .bound_generic_params
+                .iter()
+                .filter_map(|param| match param.kind {
+                    GenericParamKind::Lifetime { .. } => Some(param),
+                    _ => None,
+                })
+                .enumerate()
+                .map(|(late_bound_idx, param)| {
+                    let pair = Region::late(
+                        outer_binders.len() as u32 + late_bound_idx as u32,
+                        &self.tcx.hir(),
+                        param,
+                    );
+                    let r = late_region_as_bound_region(self.tcx, &pair.1);
+                    (pair, r)
+                })
+                .unzip();
+
+            outer_binders.extend(local_binders.into_iter());
+
+            (outer_binders, lifetimes)
+        };
+
+        debug!(?binders);
+        self.map.late_bound_vars.insert(trait_ref.trait_ref.hir_ref_id, binders);
+
+        if trait_ref_hack.is_none() || has_lifetimes {
+            let scope = Scope::Binder {
+                hir_id: trait_ref.trait_ref.hir_ref_id,
+                lifetimes,
                 s: self.scope,
                 next_early_index,
                 track_lifetime_uses: true,
                 opaque_type_parent: false,
+                from_poly_trait_ref: true,
             };
             self.with(scope, |old_scope, this| {
                 this.check_lifetime_params(old_scope, &trait_ref.bound_generic_params);
@@ -1202,7 +1495,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                 this.visit_trait_ref(&trait_ref.trait_ref);
             });
         } else {
-            self.visit_trait_ref(&trait_ref.trait_ref);
+            let scope =
+                Scope::TraitRefHackInner { hir_id: trait_ref.trait_ref.hir_ref_id, s: self.scope };
+            self.with(scope, |_old_scope, this| {
+                this.visit_trait_ref(&trait_ref.trait_ref);
+            });
         }
         self.trait_ref_hack = trait_ref_hack;
         if should_pop_missing_lt {
@@ -1354,7 +1651,9 @@ fn extract_labels(ctxt: &mut LifetimeContext<'_, '_>, body: &hir::Body<'_>) {
             match *scope {
                 Scope::Body { s, .. }
                 | Scope::Elision { s, .. }
-                | Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { s, .. } => {
+                | Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { s, .. }
+                | Scope::TraitRefHackInner { s, .. }
+                | Scope::Supertrait { s, .. } => {
                     scope = s;
                 }
 
@@ -1543,11 +1842,12 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
         let labels_in_fn = take(&mut self.labels_in_fn);
         let xcrate_object_lifetime_defaults = take(&mut self.xcrate_object_lifetime_defaults);
         let missing_named_lifetime_spots = take(&mut self.missing_named_lifetime_spots);
+        let trait_ref_hack = take(&mut self.trait_ref_hack);
         let mut this = LifetimeContext {
             tcx: *tcx,
             map,
             scope: &wrap_scope,
-            trait_ref_hack: self.trait_ref_hack,
+            trait_ref_hack,
             is_in_fn_syntax: self.is_in_fn_syntax,
             is_in_const_generic: self.is_in_const_generic,
             trait_definition_only: self.trait_definition_only,
@@ -1567,6 +1867,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
         self.labels_in_fn = this.labels_in_fn;
         self.xcrate_object_lifetime_defaults = this.xcrate_object_lifetime_defaults;
         self.missing_named_lifetime_spots = this.missing_named_lifetime_spots;
+        self.trait_ref_hack = this.trait_ref_hack;
     }
 
     /// helper method to determine the span to remove when suggesting the
@@ -1715,7 +2016,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
             .values()
             .flat_map(|region| match region {
                 Region::EarlyBound(_, def_id, _)
-                | Region::LateBound(_, def_id, _)
+                | Region::LateBound(_, _, def_id, _)
                 | Region::Free(_, def_id) => Some(*def_id),
 
                 Region::LateBoundAnon(..) | Region::Static => None,
@@ -1861,6 +2162,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
     fn visit_early_late<F>(
         &mut self,
         parent_id: Option<hir::HirId>,
+        hir_id: hir::HirId,
         decl: &'tcx hir::FnDecl<'tcx>,
         generics: &'tcx hir::Generics<'tcx>,
         walk: F,
@@ -1870,31 +2172,34 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
         insert_late_bound_lifetimes(self.map, decl, generics);
 
         // Find the start of nested early scopes, e.g., in methods.
-        let mut index = 0;
+        let mut next_early_index = 0;
         if let Some(parent_id) = parent_id {
             let parent = self.tcx.hir().expect_item(parent_id);
             if sub_items_have_self_param(&parent.kind) {
-                index += 1; // Self comes before lifetimes
+                next_early_index += 1; // Self comes before lifetimes
             }
             match parent.kind {
                 hir::ItemKind::Trait(_, _, ref generics, ..)
                 | hir::ItemKind::Impl(hir::Impl { ref generics, .. }) => {
-                    index += generics.params.len() as u32;
+                    next_early_index += generics.params.len() as u32;
                 }
                 _ => {}
             }
         }
 
         let mut non_lifetime_count = 0;
-        let lifetimes = generics
+        let mut named_late_bound_vars = 0;
+        let lifetimes: FxHashMap<hir::ParamName, Region> = generics
             .params
             .iter()
             .filter_map(|param| match param.kind {
                 GenericParamKind::Lifetime { .. } => {
                     if self.map.late_bound.contains(&param.hir_id) {
-                        Some(Region::late(&self.tcx.hir(), param))
+                        let late_bound_idx = named_late_bound_vars;
+                        named_late_bound_vars += 1;
+                        Some(Region::late(late_bound_idx, &self.tcx.hir(), param))
                     } else {
-                        Some(Region::early(&self.tcx.hir(), &mut index, param))
+                        Some(Region::early(&self.tcx.hir(), &mut next_early_index, param))
                     }
                 }
                 GenericParamKind::Type { .. } | GenericParamKind::Const { .. } => {
@@ -1903,14 +2208,35 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                 }
             })
             .collect();
-        let next_early_index = index + non_lifetime_count;
+        let next_early_index = next_early_index + non_lifetime_count;
 
+        let binders: Vec<_> = generics
+            .params
+            .iter()
+            .filter_map(|param| match param.kind {
+                GenericParamKind::Lifetime { .. }
+                    if self.map.late_bound.contains(&param.hir_id) =>
+                {
+                    Some(param)
+                }
+                _ => None,
+            })
+            .enumerate()
+            .map(|(late_bound_idx, param)| {
+                let pair = Region::late(late_bound_idx as u32, &self.tcx.hir(), param);
+                let r = late_region_as_bound_region(self.tcx, &pair.1);
+                r
+            })
+            .collect();
+        self.map.late_bound_vars.insert(hir_id, binders);
         let scope = Scope::Binder {
+            hir_id,
             lifetimes,
             next_early_index,
             s: self.scope,
             opaque_type_parent: true,
             track_lifetime_uses: false,
+            from_poly_trait_ref: false,
         };
         self.with(scope, move |old_scope, this| {
             this.check_lifetime_params(old_scope, &generics.params);
@@ -1933,7 +2259,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                 Scope::Binder { s, .. }
                 | Scope::Body { s, .. }
                 | Scope::Elision { s, .. }
-                | Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { s, .. } => scope = s,
+                | Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { s, .. }
+                | Scope::TraitRefHackInner { s, .. }
+                | Scope::Supertrait { s, .. } => scope = s,
             }
         }
     }
@@ -1965,6 +2293,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
         // given name or we run out of scopes.
         // search.
         let mut late_depth = 0;
+        let mut in_poly_trait_ref = false;
         let mut scope = self.scope;
         let mut outermost_body = None;
         let result = loop {
@@ -1982,7 +2311,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                     break None;
                 }
 
-                Scope::Binder { ref lifetimes, s, .. } => {
+                Scope::Binder { ref lifetimes, from_poly_trait_ref, s, .. } => {
                     match lifetime_ref.name {
                         LifetimeName::Param(param_name) => {
                             if let Some(&def) = lifetimes.get(&param_name.normalize_to_macros_2_0())
@@ -1993,11 +2322,35 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                         _ => bug!("expected LifetimeName::Param"),
                     }
 
-                    late_depth += 1;
+                    match (from_poly_trait_ref, in_poly_trait_ref) {
+                        // This is the first binder we see that is a poly trait ref; add one to the
+                        // late depth and mark that we're potentially in nested trait refs.
+                        (true, false) => {
+                            in_poly_trait_ref = true;
+                            late_depth += 1;
+                        }
+                        // We've already seen a binder that is a poly trait ref and this one is too,
+                        // that means that they are nested and we are concatenating the bound vars;
+                        // don't increase the late depth.
+                        (true, true) => {}
+                        // We've exited nested poly trait refs; add one to the late depth and mark
+                        // that we are no longer in nested trait refs
+                        (false, true) => {
+                            in_poly_trait_ref = false;
+                            late_depth += 1;
+                        }
+                        // Any other kind of nested binders: just increase late depth.
+                        (false, false) => {
+                            late_depth += 1;
+                        }
+                    }
                     scope = s;
                 }
 
-                Scope::Elision { s, .. } | Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { s, .. } => {
+                Scope::Elision { s, .. }
+                | Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { s, .. }
+                | Scope::TraitRefHackInner { s, .. }
+                | Scope::Supertrait { s, .. } => {
                     scope = s;
                 }
             }
@@ -2025,7 +2378,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
             if !self.trait_definition_only && self.is_in_fn_syntax {
                 match def {
                     Region::EarlyBound(_, _, LifetimeDefOrigin::InBand)
-                    | Region::LateBound(_, _, LifetimeDefOrigin::InBand) => {
+                    | Region::LateBound(_, _, _, LifetimeDefOrigin::InBand) => {
                         struct_span_err!(
                             self.tcx.sess,
                             lifetime_ref.span,
@@ -2046,6 +2399,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                     | Region::LateBound(
                         _,
                         _,
+                        _,
                         LifetimeDefOrigin::ExplicitOrElided | LifetimeDefOrigin::Error,
                     )
                     | Region::LateBoundAnon(..)
@@ -2079,7 +2433,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
         }
 
         let mut elide_lifetimes = true;
-        let lifetimes = generic_args
+        let lifetimes: Vec<_> = generic_args
             .args
             .iter()
             .filter_map(|arg| match arg {
@@ -2092,8 +2446,10 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                 _ => None,
             })
             .collect();
+        // We short-circuit here if all are elided in order to pluralize
+        // possible errors
         if elide_lifetimes {
-            self.resolve_elided_lifetimes(lifetimes);
+            self.resolve_elided_lifetimes(&lifetimes);
         } else {
             lifetimes.iter().for_each(|lt| self.visit_lifetime(lt));
         }
@@ -2146,7 +2502,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
 
                         Scope::Binder { s, .. }
                         | Scope::Elision { s, .. }
-                        | Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { s, .. } => {
+                        | Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { s, .. }
+                        | Scope::TraitRefHackInner { s, .. }
+                        | Scope::Supertrait { s, .. } => {
                             scope = s;
                         }
                     }
@@ -2245,13 +2603,84 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
         let has_lifetime_parameter =
             generic_args.args.iter().any(|arg| matches!(arg, GenericArg::Lifetime(_)));
 
-        // Resolve lifetimes found in the type `XX` from `Item = XX` bindings.
-        for b in generic_args.bindings {
+        // Resolve lifetimes found in the bindings, so either in the type `XX` in `Item = XX` or
+        // in the trait ref `YY<...>` in `Item: YY<...>`.
+        for binding in generic_args.bindings {
             let scope = Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault {
                 lifetime: if has_lifetime_parameter { None } else { Some(Region::Static) },
                 s: self.scope,
             };
-            self.with(scope, |_, this| this.visit_assoc_type_binding(b));
+            if let Some(type_def_id) = type_def_id {
+                let lifetimes = LifetimeContext::supertrait_hrtb_lifetimes(
+                    self.tcx,
+                    type_def_id,
+                    binding.ident,
+                );
+                self.with(scope, |_, this| {
+                    let scope =
+                        Scope::Supertrait { lifetimes: lifetimes.unwrap_or(vec![]), s: this.scope };
+                    this.with(scope, |_, this| this.visit_assoc_type_binding(binding));
+                });
+            } else {
+                self.with(scope, |_, this| this.visit_assoc_type_binding(binding));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns all the late-bound vars that come into scope from supertrait HRTBs, based on the
+    /// associated type name and starting trait.
+    /// For example, imagine we have
+    /// ```rust
+    /// trait Foo<'a, 'b> {
+    ///   type As;
+    /// }
+    /// trait Bar<'b>: for<'a> Foo<'a, 'b> {}
+    /// trait Bar: for<'b> Bar<'b> {}
+    /// ```
+    /// In this case, if we wanted to the supertrait HRTB lifetimes for `As` on
+    /// the starting trait `Bar`, we would return `Some(['b, 'a])`.
+    fn supertrait_hrtb_lifetimes(
+        tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+        def_id: DefId,
+        assoc_name: Ident,
+    ) -> Option<Vec<ty::BoundVariableKind>> {
+        let trait_defines_associated_type_named = |trait_def_id: DefId| {
+            tcx.associated_items(trait_def_id)
+                .find_by_name_and_kind(tcx, assoc_name, ty::AssocKind::Type, trait_def_id)
+                .is_some()
+        };
+
+        use smallvec::{smallvec, SmallVec};
+        let mut stack: SmallVec<[(DefId, SmallVec<[ty::BoundVariableKind; 8]>); 8]> =
+            smallvec![(def_id, smallvec![])];
+        let mut visited: FxHashSet<DefId> = FxHashSet::default();
+        loop {
+            let (def_id, bound_vars) = match stack.pop() {
+                Some(next) => next,
+                None => break None,
+            };
+            if trait_defines_associated_type_named(def_id) {
+                break Some(bound_vars.into_iter().collect());
+            }
+            let predicates =
+                tcx.super_predicates_that_define_assoc_type((def_id, Some(assoc_name)));
+            let obligations = predicates.predicates.iter().filter_map(|&(pred, _)| {
+                let bound_predicate = pred.kind();
+                match bound_predicate.skip_binder() {
+                    ty::PredicateKind::Trait(data, _) => {
+                        // The order here needs to match what we would get from `subst_supertrait`
+                        let pred_bound_vars = bound_predicate.bound_vars();
+                        let mut all_bound_vars = bound_vars.clone();
+                        all_bound_vars.extend(pred_bound_vars.iter());
+                        let super_def_id = data.trait_ref.def_id;
+                        Some((super_def_id, all_bound_vars))
+                    }
+                    _ => None,
+                }
+            });
+
+            let obligations = obligations.filter(|o| visited.insert(o.0));
+            stack.extend(obligations);
         }
     }
 
@@ -2261,7 +2690,37 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
         inputs: &'tcx [hir::Ty<'tcx>],
         output: Option<&'tcx hir::Ty<'tcx>>,
     ) {
-        let arg_scope = Scope::Elision { elide: Elide::FreshLateAnon(Cell::new(0)), s: self.scope };
+        debug!("visit_fn_like_elision: enter");
+        let mut scope = &*self.scope;
+        let hir_id = loop {
+            match scope {
+                Scope::Binder { hir_id, .. } | Scope::TraitRefHackInner { hir_id, .. } => {
+                    break *hir_id;
+                }
+                Scope::Body { id, .. } => break id.hir_id,
+                Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { ref s, .. }
+                | Scope::Elision { ref s, .. }
+                | Scope::Supertrait { ref s, .. } => {
+                    scope = *s;
+                }
+                Scope::Root => bug!("In fn_like_elision without appropriate scope above"),
+            }
+        };
+        // While not strictly necessary, we gather anon lifetimes *before* actually
+        // visiting the argument types.
+        let mut gather = GatherAnonLifetimes { anon_count: 0 };
+        for input in inputs {
+            gather.visit_ty(input);
+        }
+        let late_bound_vars = self.map.late_bound_vars.entry(hir_id).or_default();
+        let named_late_bound_vars = late_bound_vars.len() as u32;
+        late_bound_vars.extend(
+            (0..gather.anon_count).map(|var| ty::BoundVariableKind::Region(ty::BrAnon(var))),
+        );
+        let arg_scope = Scope::Elision {
+            elide: Elide::FreshLateAnon(named_late_bound_vars, Cell::new(0)),
+            s: self.scope,
+        };
         self.with(arg_scope, |_, this| {
             for input in inputs {
                 this.visit_ty(input);
@@ -2516,7 +2975,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
             fn visit_lifetime(&mut self, lifetime_ref: &hir::Lifetime) {
                 if let Some(&lifetime) = self.map.defs.get(&lifetime_ref.hir_id) {
                     match lifetime {
-                        Region::LateBound(debruijn, _, _) | Region::LateBoundAnon(debruijn, _)
+                        Region::LateBound(debruijn, _, _, _)
+                        | Region::LateBoundAnon(debruijn, _, _)
                             if debruijn < self.outer_index =>
                         {
                             self.have_bound_regions = true;
@@ -2528,9 +2988,46 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                 }
             }
         }
+
+        struct GatherAnonLifetimes {
+            anon_count: u32,
+        }
+        impl<'v> Visitor<'v> for GatherAnonLifetimes {
+            type Map = intravisit::ErasedMap<'v>;
+
+            fn nested_visit_map(&mut self) -> NestedVisitorMap<Self::Map> {
+                NestedVisitorMap::None
+            }
+
+            fn visit_ty(&mut self, ty: &hir::Ty<'_>) {
+                // If we enter a `BareFn`, then we enter a *new* binding scope
+                if let hir::TyKind::BareFn(_) = ty.kind {
+                    return;
+                }
+                intravisit::walk_ty(self, ty);
+            }
+
+            fn visit_generic_args(
+                &mut self,
+                path_span: Span,
+                generic_args: &'v hir::GenericArgs<'v>,
+            ) {
+                // parenthesized args enter a new elison scope
+                if generic_args.parenthesized {
+                    return;
+                }
+                intravisit::walk_generic_args(self, path_span, generic_args)
+            }
+
+            fn visit_lifetime(&mut self, lifetime_ref: &hir::Lifetime) {
+                if lifetime_ref.is_elided() {
+                    self.anon_count += 1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
     }
 
-    fn resolve_elided_lifetimes(&mut self, lifetime_refs: Vec<&'tcx hir::Lifetime>) {
+    fn resolve_elided_lifetimes(&mut self, lifetime_refs: &[&'tcx hir::Lifetime]) {
         debug!("resolve_elided_lifetimes(lifetime_refs={:?})", lifetime_refs);
 
         if lifetime_refs.is_empty() {
@@ -2539,6 +3036,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
 
         let span = lifetime_refs[0].span;
         let mut late_depth = 0;
+        let mut in_poly_trait_ref = false;
         let mut scope = self.scope;
         let mut lifetime_names = FxHashSet::default();
         let mut lifetime_spans = vec![];
@@ -2549,7 +3047,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
 
                 Scope::Root => break None,
 
-                Scope::Binder { s, ref lifetimes, .. } => {
+                Scope::Binder { s, ref lifetimes, from_poly_trait_ref, .. } => {
                     // collect named lifetimes for suggestions
                     for name in lifetimes.keys() {
                         if let hir::ParamName::Plain(name) = name {
@@ -2557,15 +3055,31 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                             lifetime_spans.push(name.span);
                         }
                     }
-                    late_depth += 1;
+                    // See comments in `resolve_lifetime_ref`
+                    match (from_poly_trait_ref, in_poly_trait_ref) {
+                        (true, false) => {
+                            in_poly_trait_ref = true;
+                            late_depth += 1;
+                        }
+                        (true, true) => {}
+                        (false, true) => {
+                            in_poly_trait_ref = false;
+                            late_depth += 1;
+                        }
+                        (false, false) => {
+                            late_depth += 1;
+                        }
+                    }
                     scope = s;
                 }
 
                 Scope::Elision { ref elide, ref s, .. } => {
                     let lifetime = match *elide {
-                        Elide::FreshLateAnon(ref counter) => {
+                        Elide::FreshLateAnon(named_late_bound_vars, ref counter) => {
                             for lifetime_ref in lifetime_refs {
-                                let lifetime = Region::late_anon(counter).shifted(late_depth);
+                                let lifetime = Region::late_anon(named_late_bound_vars, counter)
+                                    .shifted(late_depth);
+
                                 self.insert_lifetime(lifetime_ref, lifetime);
                             }
                             return;
@@ -2602,7 +3116,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                     return;
                 }
 
-                Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { s, .. } => {
+                Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { s, .. }
+                | Scope::TraitRefHackInner { s, .. }
+                | Scope::Supertrait { s, .. } => {
                     scope = s;
                 }
             }
@@ -2708,11 +3224,25 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
     fn resolve_object_lifetime_default(&mut self, lifetime_ref: &'tcx hir::Lifetime) {
         debug!("resolve_object_lifetime_default(lifetime_ref={:?})", lifetime_ref);
         let mut late_depth = 0;
+        let mut in_poly_trait_ref = false;
         let mut scope = self.scope;
         let lifetime = loop {
             match *scope {
-                Scope::Binder { s, .. } => {
-                    late_depth += 1;
+                Scope::Binder { s, from_poly_trait_ref, .. } => {
+                    match (from_poly_trait_ref, in_poly_trait_ref) {
+                        (true, false) => {
+                            in_poly_trait_ref = true;
+                            late_depth += 1;
+                        }
+                        (true, true) => {}
+                        (false, true) => {
+                            in_poly_trait_ref = false;
+                            late_depth += 1;
+                        }
+                        (false, false) => {
+                            late_depth += 1;
+                        }
+                    }
                     scope = s;
                 }
 
@@ -2721,6 +3251,10 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                 Scope::Body { .. } | Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { lifetime: None, .. } => return,
 
                 Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { lifetime: Some(l), .. } => break l,
+
+                Scope::TraitRefHackInner { s, .. } | Scope::Supertrait { s, .. } => {
+                    scope = s;
+                }
             }
         };
         self.insert_lifetime(lifetime_ref, lifetime.shifted(late_depth));
@@ -2844,7 +3378,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
             match *old_scope {
                 Scope::Body { s, .. }
                 | Scope::Elision { s, .. }
-                | Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { s, .. } => {
+                | Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { s, .. }
+                | Scope::TraitRefHackInner { s, .. }
+                | Scope::Supertrait { s, .. } => {
                     old_scope = s;
                 }
 
@@ -2890,7 +3426,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                 // A lifetime only used in a fn argument could as well
                 // be replaced with `'_`, as that would generate a
                 // fresh name, too.
-                Scope::Elision { elide: Elide::FreshLateAnon(_), .. } => break true,
+                Scope::Elision { elide: Elide::FreshLateAnon(..), .. } => break true,
 
                 // In the return type or other such place, `'_` is not
                 // going to make a fresh name, so we cannot
@@ -2900,7 +3436,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                     elide: Elide::Exact(_) | Elide::Error(_) | Elide::Forbid, ..
                 } => break false,
 
-                Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { s, .. } => scope = s,
+                Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { s, .. }
+                | Scope::TraitRefHackInner { s, .. }
+                | Scope::Supertrait { s, .. } => scope = s,
             }
         }
     }
@@ -2919,7 +3457,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
             }
 
             Region::Free(_, def_id)
-            | Region::LateBound(_, def_id, _)
+            | Region::LateBound(_, _, def_id, _)
             | Region::EarlyBound(_, def_id, _) => {
                 // A lifetime declared by the user.
                 let track_lifetime_uses = self.track_lifetime_uses();
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/legacy.rs b/compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/legacy.rs
index b0d5f340902..7d186c330ba 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/legacy.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/legacy.rs
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ impl Printer<'tcx> for SymbolPrinter<'tcx> {
 
     fn print_dyn_existential(
         mut self,
-        predicates: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
+        predicates: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
     ) -> Result<Self::DynExistential, Self::Error> {
         let mut first = true;
         for p in predicates {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/v0.rs b/compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/v0.rs
index 12c0a147990..37a834043f6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/v0.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/v0.rs
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ impl SymbolMangler<'tcx> {
 
     fn in_binder<T>(
         mut self,
-        value: &ty::Binder<T>,
+        value: &ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
         print_value: impl FnOnce(Self, &T) -> Result<Self, !>,
     ) -> Result<Self, !>
     where
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ impl Printer<'tcx> for SymbolMangler<'tcx> {
 
             // Late-bound lifetimes use indices starting at 1,
             // see `BinderLevel` for more details.
-            ty::ReLateBound(debruijn, ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrAnon(i) }) => {
+            ty::ReLateBound(debruijn, ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrAnon(i), .. }) => {
                 let binder = &self.binders[self.binders.len() - 1 - debruijn.index()];
                 let depth = binder.lifetime_depths.start + i;
 
@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ impl Printer<'tcx> for SymbolMangler<'tcx> {
 
     fn print_dyn_existential(
         mut self,
-        predicates: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
+        predicates: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
     ) -> Result<Self::DynExistential, Self::Error> {
         for predicate in predicates {
             self = self.in_binder(&predicate, |mut cx, predicate| {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/opaque_types.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/opaque_types.rs
index d6a585e626c..b6c3768d887 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/opaque_types.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/opaque_types.rs
@@ -697,7 +697,7 @@ where
 {
     fn visit_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(
         &mut self,
-        t: &ty::Binder<T>,
+        t: &ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
     ) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
         t.as_ref().skip_binder().visit_with(self);
         ControlFlow::CONTINUE
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/auto_trait.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/auto_trait.rs
index b38e3fbaab4..f54eb0914a5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/auto_trait.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/auto_trait.rs
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ impl<'tcx> AutoTraitFinder<'tcx> {
 
         let trait_ref = ty::TraitRef { def_id: trait_did, substs: tcx.mk_substs_trait(ty, &[]) };
 
-        let trait_pred = ty::Binder::bind(trait_ref);
+        let trait_pred = ty::Binder::dummy(trait_ref);
 
         let bail_out = tcx.infer_ctxt().enter(|infcx| {
             let mut selcx = SelectionContext::with_negative(&infcx, true);
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ impl AutoTraitFinder<'tcx> {
 
         let mut already_visited = FxHashSet::default();
         let mut predicates = VecDeque::new();
-        predicates.push_back(ty::Binder::bind(ty::TraitPredicate {
+        predicates.push_back(ty::Binder::dummy(ty::TraitPredicate {
             trait_ref: ty::TraitRef {
                 def_id: trait_did,
                 substs: infcx.tcx.mk_substs_trait(ty, &[]),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/suggestions.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/suggestions.rs
index c1b105f1d84..326b85e1013 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/suggestions.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/suggestions.rs
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ pub trait InferCtxtExt<'tcx> {
         &self,
         obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
         err: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>,
-        trait_ref: ty::Binder<ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
+        trait_ref: ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
         points_at_arg: bool,
     );
 
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ pub trait InferCtxtExt<'tcx> {
         &self,
         obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
         err: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>,
-        trait_ref: &ty::Binder<ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
+        trait_ref: &ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
         points_at_arg: bool,
         has_custom_message: bool,
     ) -> bool;
@@ -82,14 +82,14 @@ pub trait InferCtxtExt<'tcx> {
         &self,
         obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
         err: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>,
-        trait_ref: ty::Binder<ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
+        trait_ref: ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
     );
 
     fn suggest_change_mut(
         &self,
         obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
         err: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>,
-        trait_ref: ty::Binder<ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
+        trait_ref: ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
         points_at_arg: bool,
     );
 
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ pub trait InferCtxtExt<'tcx> {
         obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
         err: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>,
         span: Span,
-        trait_ref: ty::Binder<ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
+        trait_ref: ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
     );
 
     fn return_type_span(&self, obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>) -> Option<Span>;
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ pub trait InferCtxtExt<'tcx> {
         err: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>,
         span: Span,
         obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
-        trait_ref: ty::Binder<ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
+        trait_ref: ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
     ) -> bool;
 
     fn point_at_returns_when_relevant(
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ pub trait InferCtxtExt<'tcx> {
         &self,
         err: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>,
         obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
-        trait_ref: ty::Binder<ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
+        trait_ref: ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
         span: Span,
     );
 }
@@ -583,7 +583,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxtExt<'tcx> for InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         &self,
         obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
         err: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>,
-        trait_ref: ty::Binder<ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
+        trait_ref: ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
         points_at_arg: bool,
     ) {
         let self_ty = match trait_ref.self_ty().no_bound_vars() {
@@ -676,7 +676,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxtExt<'tcx> for InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         &self,
         obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
         err: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>,
-        trait_ref: &ty::Binder<ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
+        trait_ref: &ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
         points_at_arg: bool,
         has_custom_message: bool,
     ) -> bool {
@@ -761,7 +761,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxtExt<'tcx> for InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         &self,
         obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
         err: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>,
-        trait_ref: ty::Binder<ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
+        trait_ref: ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
     ) {
         let span = obligation.cause.span;
 
@@ -824,7 +824,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxtExt<'tcx> for InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         &self,
         obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
         err: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>,
-        trait_ref: ty::Binder<ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
+        trait_ref: ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
         points_at_arg: bool,
     ) {
         let span = obligation.cause.span;
@@ -896,10 +896,10 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxtExt<'tcx> for InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
         err: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>,
         span: Span,
-        trait_ref: ty::Binder<ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
+        trait_ref: ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
     ) {
         let is_empty_tuple =
-            |ty: ty::Binder<Ty<'_>>| *ty.skip_binder().kind() == ty::Tuple(ty::List::empty());
+            |ty: ty::Binder<'tcx, Ty<'_>>| *ty.skip_binder().kind() == ty::Tuple(ty::List::empty());
 
         let hir = self.tcx.hir();
         let parent_node = hir.get_parent_node(obligation.cause.body_id);
@@ -948,7 +948,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxtExt<'tcx> for InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         err: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>,
         span: Span,
         obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
-        trait_ref: ty::Binder<ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
+        trait_ref: ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
     ) -> bool {
         match obligation.cause.code.peel_derives() {
             // Only suggest `impl Trait` if the return type is unsized because it is `dyn Trait`.
@@ -2190,7 +2190,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxtExt<'tcx> for InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         &self,
         err: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>,
         obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
-        trait_ref: ty::Binder<ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
+        trait_ref: ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
         span: Span,
     ) {
         debug!(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/fulfill.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/fulfill.rs
index 79f65669479..fc9739f70d4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/fulfill.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/fulfill.rs
@@ -684,7 +684,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b, 'tcx> FulfillProcessor<'a, 'b, 'tcx> {
 /// Returns the set of inference variables contained in `substs`.
 fn substs_infer_vars<'a, 'tcx>(
     selcx: &mut SelectionContext<'a, 'tcx>,
-    substs: ty::Binder<SubstsRef<'tcx>>,
+    substs: ty::Binder<'tcx, SubstsRef<'tcx>>,
 ) -> impl Iterator<Item = TyOrConstInferVar<'tcx>> {
     selcx
         .infcx()
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/object_safety.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/object_safety.rs
index 7de20e477fe..b5a458db607 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/object_safety.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/object_safety.rs
@@ -757,7 +757,7 @@ fn contains_illegal_self_type_reference<'tcx, T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(
     struct IllegalSelfTypeVisitor<'tcx> {
         tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
         trait_def_id: DefId,
-        supertraits: Option<Vec<ty::PolyTraitRef<'tcx>>>,
+        supertraits: Option<Vec<DefId>>,
     }
 
     impl<'tcx> TypeVisitor<'tcx> for IllegalSelfTypeVisitor<'tcx> {
@@ -778,8 +778,10 @@ fn contains_illegal_self_type_reference<'tcx, T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(
                     // Compute supertraits of current trait lazily.
                     if self.supertraits.is_none() {
                         let trait_ref =
-                            ty::Binder::bind(ty::TraitRef::identity(self.tcx, self.trait_def_id));
-                        self.supertraits = Some(traits::supertraits(self.tcx, trait_ref).collect());
+                            ty::Binder::dummy(ty::TraitRef::identity(self.tcx, self.trait_def_id));
+                        self.supertraits = Some(
+                            traits::supertraits(self.tcx, trait_ref).map(|t| t.def_id()).collect(),
+                        );
                     }
 
                     // Determine whether the trait reference `Foo as
@@ -790,9 +792,11 @@ fn contains_illegal_self_type_reference<'tcx, T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(
                     // direct equality here because all of these types
                     // are part of the formal parameter listing, and
                     // hence there should be no inference variables.
-                    let projection_trait_ref = ty::Binder::bind(data.trait_ref(self.tcx));
-                    let is_supertrait_of_current_trait =
-                        self.supertraits.as_ref().unwrap().contains(&projection_trait_ref);
+                    let is_supertrait_of_current_trait = self
+                        .supertraits
+                        .as_ref()
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .contains(&data.trait_ref(self.tcx).def_id);
 
                     if is_supertrait_of_current_trait {
                         ControlFlow::CONTINUE // do not walk contained types, do not report error, do collect $200
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/project.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/project.rs
index 0af6d645915..b3e5df4da0a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/project.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/project.rs
@@ -1275,6 +1275,9 @@ fn confirm_discriminant_kind_candidate<'cx, 'tcx>(
     let tcx = selcx.tcx();
 
     let self_ty = selcx.infcx().shallow_resolve(obligation.predicate.self_ty());
+    // We get here from `poly_project_and_unify_type` which replaces bound vars
+    // with placeholders
+    debug_assert!(!self_ty.has_escaping_bound_vars());
     let substs = tcx.mk_substs([self_ty.into()].iter());
 
     let discriminant_def_id = tcx.require_lang_item(LangItem::Discriminant, None);
@@ -1306,7 +1309,7 @@ fn confirm_pointee_candidate<'cx, 'tcx>(
         ty: self_ty.ptr_metadata_ty(tcx),
     };
 
-    confirm_param_env_candidate(selcx, obligation, ty::Binder::bind(predicate), false)
+    confirm_param_env_candidate(selcx, obligation, ty::Binder::bind(predicate, tcx), false)
 }
 
 fn confirm_fn_pointer_candidate<'cx, 'tcx>(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/confirmation.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/confirmation.rs
index 272930f6bb9..31685a012ca 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/confirmation.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/confirmation.rs
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
         &mut self,
         obligation: &TraitObligation<'tcx>,
         trait_def_id: DefId,
-        nested: ty::Binder<Vec<Ty<'tcx>>>,
+        nested: ty::Binder<'tcx, Vec<Ty<'tcx>>>,
     ) -> ImplSourceAutoImplData<PredicateObligation<'tcx>> {
         debug!(?nested, "vtable_auto_impl");
         ensure_sufficient_stack(|| {
@@ -748,7 +748,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
                     cause,
                     obligation.recursion_depth + 1,
                     obligation.param_env,
-                    ty::Binder::bind(outlives).to_predicate(tcx),
+                    obligation.predicate.rebind(outlives).to_predicate(tcx),
                 ));
             }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/mod.rs
index 45680c90cdc..1c51597fff2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/mod.rs
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ struct EvaluatedCandidate<'tcx> {
 /// When does the builtin impl for `T: Trait` apply?
 enum BuiltinImplConditions<'tcx> {
     /// The impl is conditional on `T1, T2, ...: Trait`.
-    Where(ty::Binder<Vec<Ty<'tcx>>>),
+    Where(ty::Binder<'tcx, Vec<Ty<'tcx>>>),
     /// There is no built-in impl. There may be some other
     /// candidate (a where-clause or user-defined impl).
     None,
@@ -1673,7 +1673,10 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
     /// Bar<i32> where struct Bar<T> { x: T, y: u32 } -> [i32, u32]
     /// Zed<i32> where enum Zed { A(T), B(u32) } -> [i32, u32]
     /// ```
-    fn constituent_types_for_ty(&self, t: ty::Binder<Ty<'tcx>>) -> ty::Binder<Vec<Ty<'tcx>>> {
+    fn constituent_types_for_ty(
+        &self,
+        t: ty::Binder<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>>,
+    ) -> ty::Binder<'tcx, Vec<Ty<'tcx>>> {
         match *t.skip_binder().kind() {
             ty::Uint(_)
             | ty::Int(_)
@@ -1746,7 +1749,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
         cause: ObligationCause<'tcx>,
         recursion_depth: usize,
         trait_def_id: DefId,
-        types: ty::Binder<Vec<Ty<'tcx>>>,
+        types: ty::Binder<'tcx, Vec<Ty<'tcx>>>,
     ) -> Vec<PredicateObligation<'tcx>> {
         // Because the types were potentially derived from
         // higher-ranked obligations they may reference late-bound
@@ -1767,7 +1770,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
             .skip_binder() // binder moved -\
             .iter()
             .flat_map(|ty| {
-                let ty: ty::Binder<Ty<'tcx>> = types.rebind(ty); // <----/
+                let ty: ty::Binder<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>> = types.rebind(ty); // <----/
 
                 self.infcx.commit_unconditionally(|_| {
                     let placeholder_ty = self.infcx.replace_bound_vars_with_placeholders(ty);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/util.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/util.rs
index 8888ea2c849..fd94f9f7998 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/util.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/util.rs
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ pub fn closure_trait_ref_and_return_type(
     self_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
     sig: ty::PolyFnSig<'tcx>,
     tuple_arguments: TupleArgumentsFlag,
-) -> ty::Binder<(ty::TraitRef<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>)> {
+) -> ty::Binder<'tcx, (ty::TraitRef<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>)> {
     let arguments_tuple = match tuple_arguments {
         TupleArgumentsFlag::No => sig.skip_binder().inputs()[0],
         TupleArgumentsFlag::Yes => tcx.intern_tup(sig.skip_binder().inputs()),
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ pub fn generator_trait_ref_and_outputs(
     fn_trait_def_id: DefId,
     self_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
     sig: ty::PolyGenSig<'tcx>,
-) -> ty::Binder<(ty::TraitRef<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>)> {
+) -> ty::Binder<'tcx, (ty::TraitRef<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>)> {
     debug_assert!(!self_ty.has_escaping_bound_vars());
     let trait_ref = ty::TraitRef {
         def_id: fn_trait_def_id,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/wf.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/wf.rs
index 3d5f8d128dc..f592cf1cd24 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/wf.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/wf.rs
@@ -704,7 +704,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> WfPredicates<'a, 'tcx> {
     fn from_object_ty(
         &mut self,
         ty: Ty<'tcx>,
-        data: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
+        data: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
         region: ty::Region<'tcx>,
     ) {
         // Imagine a type like this:
@@ -767,7 +767,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> WfPredicates<'a, 'tcx> {
 /// `infer::required_region_bounds`, see that for more information.
 pub fn object_region_bounds<'tcx>(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-    existential_predicates: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
+    existential_predicates: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
 ) -> Vec<ty::Region<'tcx>> {
     // Since we don't actually *know* the self type for an object,
     // this "open(err)" serves as a kind of dummy standin -- basically
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_traits/src/chalk/db.rs b/compiler/rustc_traits/src/chalk/db.rs
index 5c0cb2fb835..8c97e606c56 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_traits/src/chalk/db.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_traits/src/chalk/db.rs
@@ -735,7 +735,10 @@ fn bound_vars_for_item(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, def_id: DefId) -> SubstsRef<'tcx> {
             .into(),
 
         ty::GenericParamDefKind::Lifetime => {
-            let br = ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrAnon(substs.len() as u32) };
+            let br = ty::BoundRegion {
+                var: ty::BoundVar::from_usize(substs.len()),
+                kind: ty::BrAnon(substs.len() as u32),
+            };
             tcx.mk_region(ty::RegionKind::ReLateBound(ty::INNERMOST, br)).into()
         }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_traits/src/chalk/lowering.rs b/compiler/rustc_traits/src/chalk/lowering.rs
index fdf5f697e61..39890fd5b05 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_traits/src/chalk/lowering.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_traits/src/chalk/lowering.rs
@@ -434,17 +434,11 @@ impl<'tcx> LowerInto<'tcx, chalk_ir::Lifetime<RustInterner<'tcx>>> for Region<'t
             ReEarlyBound(_) => {
                 panic!("Should have already been substituted.");
             }
-            ReLateBound(db, br) => match br.kind {
-                ty::BoundRegionKind::BrAnon(var) => {
-                    chalk_ir::LifetimeData::BoundVar(chalk_ir::BoundVar::new(
-                        chalk_ir::DebruijnIndex::new(db.as_u32()),
-                        var as usize,
-                    ))
-                    .intern(interner)
-                }
-                ty::BoundRegionKind::BrNamed(_def_id, _name) => unimplemented!(),
-                ty::BrEnv => unimplemented!(),
-            },
+            ReLateBound(db, br) => chalk_ir::LifetimeData::BoundVar(chalk_ir::BoundVar::new(
+                chalk_ir::DebruijnIndex::new(db.as_u32()),
+                br.var.as_usize(),
+            ))
+            .intern(interner),
             ReFree(_) => unimplemented!(),
             ReStatic => chalk_ir::LifetimeData::Static.intern(interner),
             ReVar(_) => unimplemented!(),
@@ -467,7 +461,10 @@ impl<'tcx> LowerInto<'tcx, Region<'tcx>> for &chalk_ir::Lifetime<RustInterner<'t
         let kind = match self.data(interner) {
             chalk_ir::LifetimeData::BoundVar(var) => ty::RegionKind::ReLateBound(
                 ty::DebruijnIndex::from_u32(var.debruijn.depth()),
-                ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrAnon(var.index as u32) },
+                ty::BoundRegion {
+                    var: ty::BoundVar::from_usize(var.index),
+                    kind: ty::BrAnon(var.index as u32),
+                },
             ),
             chalk_ir::LifetimeData::InferenceVar(_var) => unimplemented!(),
             chalk_ir::LifetimeData::Placeholder(p) => {
@@ -606,7 +603,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LowerInto<'tcx, Option<chalk_ir::QuantifiedWhereClause<RustInterner<'
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> LowerInto<'tcx, chalk_ir::Binders<chalk_ir::QuantifiedWhereClauses<RustInterner<'tcx>>>>
-    for &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>
+    for &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>
 {
     fn lower_into(
         self,
@@ -677,7 +674,9 @@ impl<'tcx> LowerInto<'tcx, chalk_ir::Binders<chalk_ir::QuantifiedWhereClauses<Ru
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tcx> LowerInto<'tcx, chalk_ir::FnSig<RustInterner<'tcx>>> for ty::Binder<ty::FnSig<'tcx>> {
+impl<'tcx> LowerInto<'tcx, chalk_ir::FnSig<RustInterner<'tcx>>>
+    for ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::FnSig<'tcx>>
+{
     fn lower_into(self, _interner: &RustInterner<'_>) -> FnSig<RustInterner<'tcx>> {
         chalk_ir::FnSig {
             abi: self.abi(),
@@ -801,7 +800,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LowerInto<'tcx, chalk_solve::rust_ir::AliasEqBound<RustInterner<'tcx>
 crate fn collect_bound_vars<'tcx, T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(
     interner: &RustInterner<'tcx>,
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-    ty: Binder<T>,
+    ty: Binder<'tcx, T>,
 ) -> (T, chalk_ir::VariableKinds<RustInterner<'tcx>>, BTreeMap<DefId, u32>) {
     let mut bound_vars_collector = BoundVarsCollector::new();
     ty.as_ref().skip_binder().visit_with(&mut bound_vars_collector);
@@ -849,7 +848,10 @@ impl<'tcx> BoundVarsCollector<'tcx> {
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> TypeVisitor<'tcx> for BoundVarsCollector<'tcx> {
-    fn visit_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(&mut self, t: &Binder<T>) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+    fn visit_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(
+        &mut self,
+        t: &Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
         self.binder_index.shift_in(1);
         let result = t.super_visit_with(self);
         self.binder_index.shift_out(1);
@@ -895,7 +897,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeVisitor<'tcx> for BoundVarsCollector<'tcx> {
                     },
                 },
 
-                ty::BrEnv => unimplemented!(),
+                ty::BoundRegionKind::BrEnv => unimplemented!(),
             },
 
             ty::ReEarlyBound(_re) => {
@@ -931,7 +933,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeFolder<'tcx> for NamedBoundVarSubstitutor<'a, 'tcx> {
         self.tcx
     }
 
-    fn fold_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(&mut self, t: Binder<T>) -> Binder<T> {
+    fn fold_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(&mut self, t: Binder<'tcx, T>) -> Binder<'tcx, T> {
         self.binder_index.shift_in(1);
         let result = t.super_fold_with(self);
         self.binder_index.shift_out(1);
@@ -943,7 +945,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeFolder<'tcx> for NamedBoundVarSubstitutor<'a, 'tcx> {
             ty::ReLateBound(index, br) if *index == self.binder_index => match br.kind {
                 ty::BrNamed(def_id, _name) => match self.named_parameters.get(&def_id) {
                     Some(idx) => {
-                        let new_br = ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrAnon(*idx) };
+                        let new_br = ty::BoundRegion { var: br.var, kind: ty::BrAnon(*idx) };
                         return self.tcx.mk_region(RegionKind::ReLateBound(*index, new_br));
                     }
                     None => panic!("Missing `BrNamed`."),
@@ -987,7 +989,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeFolder<'tcx> for ParamsSubstitutor<'tcx> {
         self.tcx
     }
 
-    fn fold_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(&mut self, t: Binder<T>) -> Binder<T> {
+    fn fold_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(&mut self, t: Binder<'tcx, T>) -> Binder<'tcx, T> {
         self.binder_index.shift_in(1);
         let result = t.super_fold_with(self);
         self.binder_index.shift_out(1);
@@ -1026,12 +1028,16 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeFolder<'tcx> for ParamsSubstitutor<'tcx> {
             // This covers any region variables in a goal, right?
             ty::ReEarlyBound(_re) => match self.named_regions.get(&_re.def_id) {
                 Some(idx) => {
-                    let br = ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrAnon(*idx) };
+                    let br = ty::BoundRegion {
+                        var: ty::BoundVar::from_u32(*idx),
+                        kind: ty::BrAnon(*idx),
+                    };
                     self.tcx.mk_region(RegionKind::ReLateBound(self.binder_index, br))
                 }
                 None => {
                     let idx = self.named_regions.len() as u32;
-                    let br = ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrAnon(idx) };
+                    let br =
+                        ty::BoundRegion { var: ty::BoundVar::from_u32(idx), kind: ty::BrAnon(idx) };
                     self.named_regions.insert(_re.def_id, idx);
                     self.tcx.mk_region(RegionKind::ReLateBound(self.binder_index, br))
                 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/instance.rs b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/instance.rs
index 6b9d46ee0af..874289d0293 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/instance.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/instance.rs
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ fn resolve_associated_item<'tcx>(
     );
 
     let trait_ref = ty::TraitRef::from_method(tcx, trait_id, rcvr_substs);
-    let vtbl = tcx.codegen_fulfill_obligation((param_env, ty::Binder::bind(trait_ref)))?;
+    let vtbl = tcx.codegen_fulfill_obligation((param_env, ty::Binder::bind(trait_ref, tcx)))?;
 
     // Now that we know which impl is being used, we can dispatch to
     // the actual function:
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/astconv/generics.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/astconv/generics.rs
index 9625211109d..845375f3e32 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/astconv/generics.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/astconv/generics.rs
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
         parent_substs: &[subst::GenericArg<'tcx>],
         has_self: bool,
         self_ty: Option<Ty<'tcx>>,
-        arg_count: GenericArgCountResult,
+        arg_count: &GenericArgCountResult,
         ctx: &mut impl CreateSubstsForGenericArgsCtxt<'a, 'tcx>,
     ) -> SubstsRef<'tcx> {
         // Collect the segments of the path; we need to substitute arguments
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/astconv/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/astconv/mod.rs
index dbc518da8c8..b6de491911a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/astconv/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/astconv/mod.rs
@@ -210,14 +210,20 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
         let r = match tcx.named_region(lifetime.hir_id) {
             Some(rl::Region::Static) => tcx.lifetimes.re_static,
 
-            Some(rl::Region::LateBound(debruijn, id, _)) => {
-                let name = lifetime_name(id.expect_local());
-                let br = ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrNamed(id, name) };
+            Some(rl::Region::LateBound(debruijn, index, def_id, _)) => {
+                let name = lifetime_name(def_id.expect_local());
+                let br = ty::BoundRegion {
+                    var: ty::BoundVar::from_u32(index),
+                    kind: ty::BrNamed(def_id, name),
+                };
                 tcx.mk_region(ty::ReLateBound(debruijn, br))
             }
 
-            Some(rl::Region::LateBoundAnon(debruijn, index)) => {
-                let br = ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrAnon(index) };
+            Some(rl::Region::LateBoundAnon(debruijn, index, anon_index)) => {
+                let br = ty::BoundRegion {
+                    var: ty::BoundVar::from_u32(index),
+                    kind: ty::BrAnon(anon_index),
+                };
                 tcx.mk_region(ty::ReLateBound(debruijn, br))
             }
 
@@ -266,7 +272,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
         def_id: DefId,
         item_segment: &hir::PathSegment<'_>,
     ) -> SubstsRef<'tcx> {
-        let (substs, assoc_bindings, _) = self.create_substs_for_ast_path(
+        let (substs, _) = self.create_substs_for_ast_path(
             span,
             def_id,
             &[],
@@ -275,6 +281,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
             item_segment.infer_args,
             None,
         );
+        let assoc_bindings = self.create_assoc_bindings_for_generic_args(item_segment.args());
 
         if let Some(b) = assoc_bindings.first() {
             Self::prohibit_assoc_ty_binding(self.tcx(), b.span);
@@ -314,6 +321,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
     /// `[Vec<u8>, u8]` and `generic_args` are the arguments for the associated
     /// type itself: `['a]`. The returned `SubstsRef` concatenates these two
     /// lists: `[Vec<u8>, u8, 'a]`.
+    #[tracing::instrument(level = "debug", skip(self, span))]
     fn create_substs_for_ast_path<'a>(
         &self,
         span: Span,
@@ -323,15 +331,10 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
         generic_args: &'a hir::GenericArgs<'_>,
         infer_args: bool,
         self_ty: Option<Ty<'tcx>>,
-    ) -> (SubstsRef<'tcx>, Vec<ConvertedBinding<'a, 'tcx>>, GenericArgCountResult) {
+    ) -> (SubstsRef<'tcx>, GenericArgCountResult) {
         // If the type is parameterized by this region, then replace this
         // region with the current anon region binding (in other words,
         // whatever & would get replaced with).
-        debug!(
-            "create_substs_for_ast_path(def_id={:?}, self_ty={:?}, \
-                generic_args={:?})",
-            def_id, self_ty, generic_args
-        );
 
         let tcx = self.tcx();
         let generics = tcx.generics_of(def_id);
@@ -367,7 +370,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
         // here and so associated type bindings will be handled regardless of whether there are any
         // non-`Self` generic parameters.
         if generics.params.len() == 0 {
-            return (tcx.intern_substs(&[]), vec![], arg_count);
+            return (tcx.intern_substs(&[]), arg_count);
         }
 
         let is_object = self_ty.map_or(false, |ty| ty == self.tcx().types.trait_object_dummy_self);
@@ -540,7 +543,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
             parent_substs,
             self_ty.is_some(),
             self_ty,
-            arg_count.clone(),
+            &arg_count,
             &mut substs_ctx,
         );
 
@@ -551,6 +554,18 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
             generic_args.args.is_empty(),
         );
 
+        debug!(
+            "create_substs_for_ast_path(generic_params={:?}, self_ty={:?}) -> {:?}",
+            generics, self_ty, substs
+        );
+
+        (substs, arg_count)
+    }
+
+    fn create_assoc_bindings_for_generic_args<'a>(
+        &self,
+        generic_args: &'a hir::GenericArgs<'_>,
+    ) -> Vec<ConvertedBinding<'a, 'tcx>> {
         // Convert associated-type bindings or constraints into a separate vector.
         // Example: Given this:
         //
@@ -581,12 +596,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
             })
             .collect();
 
-        debug!(
-            "create_substs_for_ast_path(generic_params={:?}, self_ty={:?}) -> {:?}",
-            generics, self_ty, substs
-        );
-
-        (substs, assoc_bindings, arg_count)
+        assoc_bindings
     }
 
     crate fn create_substs_for_associated_item(
@@ -636,8 +646,27 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
         )
     }
 
-    /// The given trait-ref must actually be a trait.
-    pub(super) fn instantiate_poly_trait_ref_inner(
+    /// Given a trait bound like `Debug`, applies that trait bound the given self-type to construct
+    /// a full trait reference. The resulting trait reference is returned. This may also generate
+    /// auxiliary bounds, which are added to `bounds`.
+    ///
+    /// Example:
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// poly_trait_ref = Iterator<Item = u32>
+    /// self_ty = Foo
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// this would return `Foo: Iterator` and add `<Foo as Iterator>::Item = u32` into `bounds`.
+    ///
+    /// **A note on binders:** against our usual convention, there is an implied bounder around
+    /// the `self_ty` and `poly_trait_ref` parameters here. So they may reference bound regions.
+    /// If for example you had `for<'a> Foo<'a>: Bar<'a>`, then the `self_ty` would be `Foo<'a>`
+    /// where `'a` is a bound region at depth 0. Similarly, the `poly_trait_ref` would be
+    /// `Bar<'a>`. The returned poly-trait-ref will have this binder instantiated explicitly,
+    /// however.
+    #[tracing::instrument(level = "debug", skip(self, span, constness, bounds, speculative))]
+    pub fn instantiate_poly_trait_ref(
         &self,
         trait_ref: &hir::TraitRef<'_>,
         span: Span,
@@ -648,18 +677,25 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
     ) -> GenericArgCountResult {
         let trait_def_id = trait_ref.trait_def_id().unwrap_or_else(|| FatalError.raise());
 
-        debug!("instantiate_poly_trait_ref({:?}, def_id={:?})", trait_ref, trait_def_id);
-
         self.prohibit_generics(trait_ref.path.segments.split_last().unwrap().1);
 
-        let (substs, assoc_bindings, arg_count) = self.create_substs_for_ast_trait_ref(
+        let tcx = self.tcx();
+        let bound_vars = tcx.late_bound_vars(trait_ref.hir_ref_id);
+        debug!(?bound_vars);
+
+        let (substs, arg_count) = self.create_substs_for_ast_trait_ref(
             trait_ref.path.span,
             trait_def_id,
             self_ty,
             trait_ref.path.segments.last().unwrap(),
         );
-        let poly_trait_ref = ty::Binder::bind(ty::TraitRef::new(trait_def_id, substs));
+        let assoc_bindings = self
+            .create_assoc_bindings_for_generic_args(trait_ref.path.segments.last().unwrap().args());
 
+        let poly_trait_ref =
+            ty::Binder::bind_with_vars(ty::TraitRef::new(trait_def_id, substs), bound_vars);
+
+        debug!(?poly_trait_ref, ?assoc_bindings);
         bounds.trait_bounds.push((poly_trait_ref, span, constness));
 
         let mut dup_bindings = FxHashMap::default();
@@ -677,50 +713,9 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
             // Okay to ignore `Err` because of `ErrorReported` (see above).
         }
 
-        debug!(
-            "instantiate_poly_trait_ref({:?}, bounds={:?}) -> {:?}",
-            trait_ref, bounds, poly_trait_ref
-        );
-
         arg_count
     }
 
-    /// Given a trait bound like `Debug`, applies that trait bound the given self-type to construct
-    /// a full trait reference. The resulting trait reference is returned. This may also generate
-    /// auxiliary bounds, which are added to `bounds`.
-    ///
-    /// Example:
-    ///
-    /// ```
-    /// poly_trait_ref = Iterator<Item = u32>
-    /// self_ty = Foo
-    /// ```
-    ///
-    /// this would return `Foo: Iterator` and add `<Foo as Iterator>::Item = u32` into `bounds`.
-    ///
-    /// **A note on binders:** against our usual convention, there is an implied bounder around
-    /// the `self_ty` and `poly_trait_ref` parameters here. So they may reference bound regions.
-    /// If for example you had `for<'a> Foo<'a>: Bar<'a>`, then the `self_ty` would be `Foo<'a>`
-    /// where `'a` is a bound region at depth 0. Similarly, the `poly_trait_ref` would be
-    /// `Bar<'a>`. The returned poly-trait-ref will have this binder instantiated explicitly,
-    /// however.
-    pub fn instantiate_poly_trait_ref(
-        &self,
-        poly_trait_ref: &hir::PolyTraitRef<'_>,
-        constness: Constness,
-        self_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
-        bounds: &mut Bounds<'tcx>,
-    ) -> GenericArgCountResult {
-        self.instantiate_poly_trait_ref_inner(
-            &poly_trait_ref.trait_ref,
-            poly_trait_ref.span,
-            constness,
-            self_ty,
-            bounds,
-            false,
-        )
-    }
-
     pub fn instantiate_lang_item_trait_ref(
         &self,
         lang_item: hir::LangItem,
@@ -732,7 +727,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
     ) {
         let trait_def_id = self.tcx().require_lang_item(lang_item, Some(span));
 
-        let (substs, assoc_bindings, _) = self.create_substs_for_ast_path(
+        let (substs, _) = self.create_substs_for_ast_path(
             span,
             trait_def_id,
             &[],
@@ -741,7 +736,11 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
             false,
             Some(self_ty),
         );
-        let poly_trait_ref = ty::Binder::bind(ty::TraitRef::new(trait_def_id, substs));
+        let assoc_bindings = self.create_assoc_bindings_for_generic_args(args);
+        let tcx = self.tcx();
+        let bound_vars = tcx.late_bound_vars(hir_id);
+        let poly_trait_ref =
+            ty::Binder::bind_with_vars(ty::TraitRef::new(trait_def_id, substs), bound_vars);
         bounds.trait_bounds.push((poly_trait_ref, span, Constness::NotConst));
 
         let mut dup_bindings = FxHashMap::default();
@@ -765,23 +764,23 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
         self_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
         trait_segment: &hir::PathSegment<'_>,
     ) -> ty::TraitRef<'tcx> {
-        let (substs, assoc_bindings, _) =
+        let (substs, _) =
             self.create_substs_for_ast_trait_ref(span, trait_def_id, self_ty, trait_segment);
+        let assoc_bindings = self.create_assoc_bindings_for_generic_args(trait_segment.args());
         if let Some(b) = assoc_bindings.first() {
             Self::prohibit_assoc_ty_binding(self.tcx(), b.span);
         }
         ty::TraitRef::new(trait_def_id, substs)
     }
 
+    #[tracing::instrument(level = "debug", skip(self, span))]
     fn create_substs_for_ast_trait_ref<'a>(
         &self,
         span: Span,
         trait_def_id: DefId,
         self_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
         trait_segment: &'a hir::PathSegment<'a>,
-    ) -> (SubstsRef<'tcx>, Vec<ConvertedBinding<'a, 'tcx>>, GenericArgCountResult) {
-        debug!("create_substs_for_ast_trait_ref(trait_segment={:?})", trait_segment);
-
+    ) -> (SubstsRef<'tcx>, GenericArgCountResult) {
         self.complain_about_internal_fn_trait(span, trait_def_id, trait_segment);
 
         self.create_substs_for_ast_path(
@@ -803,7 +802,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
     }
 
     // Returns `true` if a bounds list includes `?Sized`.
-    pub fn is_unsized(&self, ast_bounds: &[&hir::GenericBound<'_>], span: Span) -> bool {
+    pub fn is_unsized(&self, ast_bounds: &[hir::GenericBound<'_>], span: Span) -> bool {
         let tcx = self.tcx();
 
         // Try to find an unbound in bounds.
@@ -858,29 +857,46 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
     /// **A note on binders:** there is an implied binder around
     /// `param_ty` and `ast_bounds`. See `instantiate_poly_trait_ref`
     /// for more details.
+    #[tracing::instrument(level = "debug", skip(self, bounds))]
     fn add_bounds(
         &self,
         param_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
-        ast_bounds: &[&hir::GenericBound<'_>],
+        ast_bounds: &[hir::GenericBound<'_>],
         bounds: &mut Bounds<'tcx>,
+        bound_vars: &'tcx ty::List<ty::BoundVariableKind>,
     ) {
         let constness = self.default_constness_for_trait_bounds();
         for ast_bound in ast_bounds {
             match *ast_bound {
                 hir::GenericBound::Trait(ref b, hir::TraitBoundModifier::None) => {
-                    self.instantiate_poly_trait_ref(b, constness, param_ty, bounds);
+                    self.instantiate_poly_trait_ref(
+                        &b.trait_ref,
+                        b.span,
+                        constness,
+                        param_ty,
+                        bounds,
+                        false,
+                    );
                 }
                 hir::GenericBound::Trait(ref b, hir::TraitBoundModifier::MaybeConst) => {
-                    self.instantiate_poly_trait_ref(b, Constness::NotConst, param_ty, bounds);
+                    self.instantiate_poly_trait_ref(
+                        &b.trait_ref,
+                        b.span,
+                        Constness::NotConst,
+                        param_ty,
+                        bounds,
+                        false,
+                    );
                 }
                 hir::GenericBound::Trait(_, hir::TraitBoundModifier::Maybe) => {}
                 hir::GenericBound::LangItemTrait(lang_item, span, hir_id, args) => self
                     .instantiate_lang_item_trait_ref(
-                        *lang_item, *span, *hir_id, args, param_ty, bounds,
+                        lang_item, span, hir_id, args, param_ty, bounds,
                     ),
-                hir::GenericBound::Outlives(ref l) => bounds
-                    .region_bounds
-                    .push((ty::Binder::bind(self.ast_region_to_region(l, None)), l.span)),
+                hir::GenericBound::Outlives(ref l) => bounds.region_bounds.push((
+                    ty::Binder::bind_with_vars(self.ast_region_to_region(l, None), bound_vars),
+                    l.span,
+                )),
             }
         }
     }
@@ -908,7 +924,6 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
         sized_by_default: SizedByDefault,
         span: Span,
     ) -> Bounds<'tcx> {
-        let ast_bounds: Vec<_> = ast_bounds.iter().collect();
         self.compute_bounds_inner(param_ty, &ast_bounds, sized_by_default, span)
     }
 
@@ -928,7 +943,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
             if let Some(trait_ref) = ast_bound.trait_ref() {
                 if let Some(trait_did) = trait_ref.trait_def_id() {
                     if self.tcx().trait_may_define_assoc_type(trait_did, assoc_name) {
-                        result.push(ast_bound);
+                        result.push(ast_bound.clone());
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -940,13 +955,13 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
     fn compute_bounds_inner(
         &self,
         param_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
-        ast_bounds: &[&hir::GenericBound<'_>],
+        ast_bounds: &[hir::GenericBound<'_>],
         sized_by_default: SizedByDefault,
         span: Span,
     ) -> Bounds<'tcx> {
         let mut bounds = Bounds::default();
 
-        self.add_bounds(param_ty, ast_bounds, &mut bounds);
+        self.add_bounds(param_ty, ast_bounds, &mut bounds, ty::List::empty());
 
         bounds.implicitly_sized = if let SizedByDefault::Yes = sized_by_default {
             if !self.is_unsized(ast_bounds, span) { Some(span) } else { None }
@@ -963,6 +978,10 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
     /// **A note on binders:** given something like `T: for<'a> Iterator<Item = &'a u32>`, the
     /// `trait_ref` here will be `for<'a> T: Iterator`. The `binding` data however is from *inside*
     /// the binder (e.g., `&'a u32`) and hence may reference bound regions.
+    #[tracing::instrument(
+        level = "debug",
+        skip(self, bounds, speculative, dup_bindings, path_span)
+    )]
     fn add_predicates_for_ast_type_binding(
         &self,
         hir_ref_id: hir::HirId,
@@ -989,7 +1008,6 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
         //
         // We want to produce `<B as SuperTrait<i32>>::T == foo`.
 
-        debug!(?hir_ref_id, ?trait_ref, ?binding, ?bounds, "add_predicates_for_ast_type_binding",);
         let tcx = self.tcx();
 
         let candidate =
@@ -1090,7 +1108,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
                 let late_bound_in_trait_ref =
                     tcx.collect_constrained_late_bound_regions(&projection_ty);
                 let late_bound_in_ty =
-                    tcx.collect_referenced_late_bound_regions(&ty::Binder::bind(ty));
+                    tcx.collect_referenced_late_bound_regions(&trait_ref.rebind(ty));
                 debug!("late_bound_in_trait_ref = {:?}", late_bound_in_trait_ref);
                 debug!("late_bound_in_ty = {:?}", late_bound_in_ty);
 
@@ -1139,10 +1157,8 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
                 //
                 // Calling `skip_binder` is okay, because `add_bounds` expects the `param_ty`
                 // parameter to have a skipped binder.
-                let param_ty =
-                    tcx.mk_projection(assoc_ty.def_id, projection_ty.skip_binder().substs);
-                let ast_bounds: Vec<_> = ast_bounds.iter().collect();
-                self.add_bounds(param_ty, &ast_bounds, bounds);
+                let param_ty = tcx.mk_ty(ty::Projection(projection_ty.skip_binder()));
+                self.add_bounds(param_ty, ast_bounds, bounds, candidate.bound_vars());
             }
         }
         Ok(())
@@ -1176,10 +1192,12 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
                     Err(GenericArgCountMismatch { invalid_args: cur_potential_assoc_types, .. }),
                 ..
             } = self.instantiate_poly_trait_ref(
-                trait_bound,
+                &trait_bound.trait_ref,
+                trait_bound.span,
                 Constness::NotConst,
                 dummy_self,
                 &mut bounds,
+                false,
             ) {
                 potential_assoc_types.extend(cur_potential_assoc_types);
             }
@@ -1664,7 +1682,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
                 };
 
                 self.one_bound_for_assoc_type(
-                    || traits::supertraits(tcx, ty::Binder::bind(trait_ref)),
+                    || traits::supertraits(tcx, ty::Binder::bind(trait_ref, tcx)),
                     || "Self".to_string(),
                     assoc_ident,
                     span,
@@ -2199,6 +2217,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
                 require_c_abi_if_c_variadic(tcx, &bf.decl, bf.abi, ast_ty.span);
 
                 tcx.mk_fn_ptr(self.ty_of_fn(
+                    ast_ty.hir_id,
                     bf.unsafety,
                     bf.abi,
                     &bf.decl,
@@ -2241,7 +2260,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
             }
             hir::TyKind::Path(hir::QPath::LangItem(lang_item, span)) => {
                 let def_id = tcx.require_lang_item(lang_item, Some(span));
-                let (substs, _, _) = self.create_substs_for_ast_path(
+                let (substs, _) = self.create_substs_for_ast_path(
                     span,
                     def_id,
                     &[],
@@ -2278,7 +2297,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
         result_ty
     }
 
-    pub fn impl_trait_ty_to_ty(
+    fn impl_trait_ty_to_ty(
         &self,
         def_id: DefId,
         lifetimes: &[hir::GenericArg<'_>],
@@ -2339,6 +2358,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
 
     pub fn ty_of_fn(
         &self,
+        hir_id: hir::HirId,
         unsafety: hir::Unsafety,
         abi: abi::Abi,
         decl: &hir::FnDecl<'_>,
@@ -2349,6 +2369,8 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
         debug!("ty_of_fn");
 
         let tcx = self.tcx();
+        let bound_vars = tcx.late_bound_vars(hir_id);
+        debug!(?bound_vars);
 
         // We proactively collect all the inferred type params to emit a single error per fn def.
         let mut visitor = PlaceholderHirTyCollector::default();
@@ -2368,8 +2390,8 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
 
         debug!("ty_of_fn: output_ty={:?}", output_ty);
 
-        let bare_fn_ty =
-            ty::Binder::bind(tcx.mk_fn_sig(input_tys, output_ty, decl.c_variadic, unsafety, abi));
+        let fn_ty = tcx.mk_fn_sig(input_tys, output_ty, decl.c_variadic, unsafety, abi);
+        let bare_fn_ty = ty::Binder::bind_with_vars(fn_ty, bound_vars);
 
         if !self.allow_ty_infer() {
             // We always collect the spans for placeholder types when evaluating `fn`s, but we
@@ -2450,7 +2472,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
     fn compute_object_lifetime_bound(
         &self,
         span: Span,
-        existential_predicates: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
+        existential_predicates: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
     ) -> Option<ty::Region<'tcx>> // if None, use the default
     {
         let tcx = self.tcx();
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/bounds.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/bounds.rs
index 7ba90ad8819..5d200640722 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/bounds.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/bounds.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ pub struct Bounds<'tcx> {
     /// A list of region bounds on the (implicit) self type. So if you
     /// had `T: 'a + 'b` this might would be a list `['a, 'b]` (but
     /// the `T` is not explicitly included).
-    pub region_bounds: Vec<(ty::Binder<ty::Region<'tcx>>, Span)>,
+    pub region_bounds: Vec<(ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::Region<'tcx>>, Span)>,
 
     /// A list of trait bounds. So if you had `T: Debug` this would be
     /// `T: Debug`. Note that the self-type is explicit here.
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Bounds<'tcx> {
         // If it could be sized, and is, add the `Sized` predicate.
         let sized_predicate = self.implicitly_sized.and_then(|span| {
             tcx.lang_items().sized_trait().map(|sized| {
-                let trait_ref = ty::Binder::bind(ty::TraitRef {
+                let trait_ref = ty::Binder::dummy(ty::TraitRef {
                     def_id: sized,
                     substs: tcx.mk_substs_trait(param_ty, &[]),
                 });
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/closure.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/closure.rs
index 4099ecd435d..22d3dc6bdc0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/closure.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/closure.rs
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         let expr_def_id = self.tcx.hir().local_def_id(expr.hir_id);
 
         let ClosureSignatures { bound_sig, liberated_sig } =
-            self.sig_of_closure(expr_def_id.to_def_id(), decl, body, expected_sig);
+            self.sig_of_closure(expr.hir_id, expr_def_id.to_def_id(), decl, body, expected_sig);
 
         debug!("check_closure: ty_of_closure returns {:?}", liberated_sig);
 
@@ -288,15 +288,16 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
 
     fn sig_of_closure(
         &self,
+        hir_id: hir::HirId,
         expr_def_id: DefId,
         decl: &hir::FnDecl<'_>,
         body: &hir::Body<'_>,
         expected_sig: Option<ExpectedSig<'tcx>>,
     ) -> ClosureSignatures<'tcx> {
         if let Some(e) = expected_sig {
-            self.sig_of_closure_with_expectation(expr_def_id, decl, body, e)
+            self.sig_of_closure_with_expectation(hir_id, expr_def_id, decl, body, e)
         } else {
-            self.sig_of_closure_no_expectation(expr_def_id, decl, body)
+            self.sig_of_closure_no_expectation(hir_id, expr_def_id, decl, body)
         }
     }
 
@@ -304,13 +305,14 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
     /// types that the user gave into a signature.
     fn sig_of_closure_no_expectation(
         &self,
+        hir_id: hir::HirId,
         expr_def_id: DefId,
         decl: &hir::FnDecl<'_>,
         body: &hir::Body<'_>,
     ) -> ClosureSignatures<'tcx> {
         debug!("sig_of_closure_no_expectation()");
 
-        let bound_sig = self.supplied_sig_of_closure(expr_def_id, decl, body);
+        let bound_sig = self.supplied_sig_of_closure(hir_id, expr_def_id, decl, body);
 
         self.closure_sigs(expr_def_id, body, bound_sig)
     }
@@ -364,6 +366,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
     ///   regions with depth 1, which are bound then by the closure.
     fn sig_of_closure_with_expectation(
         &self,
+        hir_id: hir::HirId,
         expr_def_id: DefId,
         decl: &hir::FnDecl<'_>,
         body: &hir::Body<'_>,
@@ -375,7 +378,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         // expectation if things don't see to match up with what we
         // expect.
         if expected_sig.sig.c_variadic() != decl.c_variadic {
-            return self.sig_of_closure_no_expectation(expr_def_id, decl, body);
+            return self.sig_of_closure_no_expectation(hir_id, expr_def_id, decl, body);
         } else if expected_sig.sig.skip_binder().inputs_and_output.len() != decl.inputs.len() + 1 {
             return self.sig_of_closure_with_mismatched_number_of_arguments(
                 expr_def_id,
@@ -411,9 +414,15 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         // Along the way, it also writes out entries for types that the user
         // wrote into our typeck results, which are then later used by the privacy
         // check.
-        match self.check_supplied_sig_against_expectation(expr_def_id, decl, body, &closure_sigs) {
+        match self.check_supplied_sig_against_expectation(
+            hir_id,
+            expr_def_id,
+            decl,
+            body,
+            &closure_sigs,
+        ) {
             Ok(infer_ok) => self.register_infer_ok_obligations(infer_ok),
-            Err(_) => return self.sig_of_closure_no_expectation(expr_def_id, decl, body),
+            Err(_) => return self.sig_of_closure_no_expectation(hir_id, expr_def_id, decl, body),
         }
 
         closure_sigs
@@ -460,6 +469,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
     /// strategy.
     fn check_supplied_sig_against_expectation(
         &self,
+        hir_id: hir::HirId,
         expr_def_id: DefId,
         decl: &hir::FnDecl<'_>,
         body: &hir::Body<'_>,
@@ -469,7 +479,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         //
         // (See comment on `sig_of_closure_with_expectation` for the
         // meaning of these letters.)
-        let supplied_sig = self.supplied_sig_of_closure(expr_def_id, decl, body);
+        let supplied_sig = self.supplied_sig_of_closure(hir_id, expr_def_id, decl, body);
 
         debug!("check_supplied_sig_against_expectation: supplied_sig={:?}", supplied_sig);
 
@@ -534,6 +544,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
     /// Also, record this closure signature for later.
     fn supplied_sig_of_closure(
         &self,
+        hir_id: hir::HirId,
         expr_def_id: DefId,
         decl: &hir::FnDecl<'_>,
         body: &hir::Body<'_>,
@@ -545,6 +556,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             decl, body.generator_kind,
         );
 
+        let bound_vars = self.tcx.late_bound_vars(hir_id);
+
         // First, convert the types that the user supplied (if any).
         let supplied_arguments = decl.inputs.iter().map(|a| astconv.ast_ty_to_ty(a));
         let supplied_return = match decl.output {
@@ -571,13 +584,16 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             },
         };
 
-        let result = ty::Binder::bind(self.tcx.mk_fn_sig(
-            supplied_arguments,
-            supplied_return,
-            decl.c_variadic,
-            hir::Unsafety::Normal,
-            Abi::RustCall,
-        ));
+        let result = ty::Binder::bind_with_vars(
+            self.tcx.mk_fn_sig(
+                supplied_arguments,
+                supplied_return,
+                decl.c_variadic,
+                hir::Unsafety::Normal,
+                Abi::RustCall,
+            ),
+            bound_vars,
+        );
 
         debug!("supplied_sig_of_closure: result={:?}", result);
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/coercion.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/coercion.rs
index 94aee87364a..68a923a55eb 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/coercion.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/coercion.rs
@@ -1487,7 +1487,7 @@ impl<'tcx, 'exprs, E: AsCoercionSite> CoerceMany<'tcx, 'exprs, E> {
         if let (Some((expr, _)), Some((fn_decl, _, _))) =
             (expression, fcx.get_node_fn_decl(parent_item))
         {
-            fcx.suggest_missing_return_expr(&mut err, expr, fn_decl, expected, found);
+            fcx.suggest_missing_return_expr(&mut err, expr, fn_decl, expected, found, parent_id);
         }
 
         if let (Some(sp), Some(fn_output)) = (fcx.ret_coercion_span.get(), fn_output) {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/compare_method.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/compare_method.rs
index 70f850084a8..f044daa4509 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/compare_method.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/compare_method.rs
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ fn compare_predicate_entailment<'tcx>(
         let (impl_m_own_bounds, _) = infcx.replace_bound_vars_with_fresh_vars(
             impl_m_span,
             infer::HigherRankedType,
-            ty::Binder::bind(impl_m_own_bounds.predicates),
+            ty::Binder::bind(impl_m_own_bounds.predicates, tcx),
         );
         for predicate in impl_m_own_bounds {
             let traits::Normalized { value: predicate, obligations } =
@@ -258,14 +258,14 @@ fn compare_predicate_entailment<'tcx>(
         );
         let impl_sig =
             inh.normalize_associated_types_in(impl_m_span, impl_m_hir_id, param_env, impl_sig);
-        let impl_fty = tcx.mk_fn_ptr(ty::Binder::bind(impl_sig));
+        let impl_fty = tcx.mk_fn_ptr(ty::Binder::bind(impl_sig, tcx));
         debug!("compare_impl_method: impl_fty={:?}", impl_fty);
 
         let trait_sig = tcx.liberate_late_bound_regions(impl_m.def_id, tcx.fn_sig(trait_m.def_id));
         let trait_sig = trait_sig.subst(tcx, trait_to_placeholder_substs);
         let trait_sig =
             inh.normalize_associated_types_in(impl_m_span, impl_m_hir_id, param_env, trait_sig);
-        let trait_fty = tcx.mk_fn_ptr(ty::Binder::bind(trait_sig));
+        let trait_fty = tcx.mk_fn_ptr(ty::Binder::bind(trait_sig, tcx));
 
         debug!("compare_impl_method: trait_fty={:?}", trait_fty);
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/dropck.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/dropck.rs
index 4d74962d28e..de6336b254b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/dropck.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/dropck.rs
@@ -354,9 +354,9 @@ impl TypeRelation<'tcx> for SimpleEqRelation<'tcx> {
 
     fn binders<T>(
         &mut self,
-        a: ty::Binder<T>,
-        b: ty::Binder<T>,
-    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<T>>
+        a: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+        b: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<'tcx, T>>
     where
         T: Relate<'tcx>,
     {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/fn_ctxt/_impl.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/fn_ctxt/_impl.rs
index a7a412f06be..9ace4550421 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/fn_ctxt/_impl.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/fn_ctxt/_impl.rs
@@ -1462,7 +1462,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                 &[][..],
                 has_self,
                 self_ty,
-                arg_count,
+                &arg_count,
                 &mut CreateCtorSubstsContext {
                     fcx: self,
                     span,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/fn_ctxt/suggestions.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/fn_ctxt/suggestions.rs
index bd89c7274e7..6112a5fdc91 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/fn_ctxt/suggestions.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/fn_ctxt/suggestions.rs
@@ -55,7 +55,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         if let Some((fn_decl, can_suggest)) = self.get_fn_decl(blk_id) {
             pointing_at_return_type =
                 self.suggest_missing_return_type(err, &fn_decl, expected, found, can_suggest);
-            self.suggest_missing_return_expr(err, expr, &fn_decl, expected, found);
+            let fn_id = self.tcx.hir().get_return_block(blk_id).unwrap();
+            self.suggest_missing_return_expr(err, expr, &fn_decl, expected, found, fn_id);
         }
         pointing_at_return_type
     }
@@ -479,6 +480,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         fn_decl: &hir::FnDecl<'_>,
         expected: Ty<'tcx>,
         found: Ty<'tcx>,
+        id: hir::HirId,
     ) {
         if !expected.is_unit() {
             return;
@@ -486,7 +488,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         let found = self.resolve_vars_with_obligations(found);
         if let hir::FnRetTy::Return(ty) = fn_decl.output {
             let ty = <dyn AstConv<'_>>::ast_ty_to_ty(self, ty);
-            let ty = self.tcx.erase_late_bound_regions(Binder::bind(ty));
+            let bound_vars = self.tcx.late_bound_vars(id);
+            let ty = self.tcx.erase_late_bound_regions(Binder::bind_with_vars(ty, bound_vars));
             let ty = self.normalize_associated_types_in(expr.span, ty);
             if self.can_coerce(found, ty) {
                 err.multipart_suggestion(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/generator_interior.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/generator_interior.rs
index 91708465b3f..e40aa914858 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/generator_interior.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/generator_interior.rs
@@ -186,7 +186,10 @@ pub fn resolve_interior<'a, 'tcx>(
                 // which means that none of the regions inside relate to any other, even if
                 // typeck had previously found constraints that would cause them to be related.
                 let folded = fcx.tcx.fold_regions(erased, &mut false, |_, current_depth| {
-                    let br = ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrAnon(counter) };
+                    let br = ty::BoundRegion {
+                        var: ty::BoundVar::from_u32(counter),
+                        kind: ty::BrAnon(counter),
+                    };
                     let r = fcx.tcx.mk_region(ty::ReLateBound(current_depth, br));
                     counter += 1;
                     r
@@ -202,11 +205,15 @@ pub fn resolve_interior<'a, 'tcx>(
 
     // Extract type components to build the witness type.
     let type_list = fcx.tcx.mk_type_list(type_causes.iter().map(|cause| cause.ty));
-    let witness = fcx.tcx.mk_generator_witness(ty::Binder::bind(type_list));
+    let bound_vars = fcx.tcx.mk_bound_variable_kinds(
+        (0..counter).map(|i| ty::BoundVariableKind::Region(ty::BrAnon(i))),
+    );
+    let witness =
+        fcx.tcx.mk_generator_witness(ty::Binder::bind_with_vars(type_list, bound_vars.clone()));
 
     // Store the generator types and spans into the typeck results for this generator.
     visitor.fcx.inh.typeck_results.borrow_mut().generator_interior_types =
-        ty::Binder::bind(type_causes);
+        ty::Binder::bind_with_vars(type_causes, bound_vars);
 
     debug!(
         "types in generator after region replacement {:?}, span = {:?}",
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/intrinsic.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/intrinsic.rs
index 990ed5abdbf..303a77507cf 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/intrinsic.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/intrinsic.rs
@@ -101,12 +101,21 @@ pub fn check_intrinsic_type(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, it: &hir::ForeignItem<'_>) {
     let intrinsic_name = tcx.item_name(it.def_id.to_def_id());
     let name_str = intrinsic_name.as_str();
 
+    let bound_vars = tcx.mk_bound_variable_kinds(
+        [ty::BoundVariableKind::Region(ty::BrAnon(0)), ty::BoundVariableKind::Region(ty::BrEnv)]
+            .iter()
+            .copied(),
+    );
     let mk_va_list_ty = |mutbl| {
         tcx.lang_items().va_list().map(|did| {
-            let region = tcx
-                .mk_region(ty::ReLateBound(ty::INNERMOST, ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrAnon(0) }));
-            let env_region =
-                tcx.mk_region(ty::ReLateBound(ty::INNERMOST, ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrEnv }));
+            let region = tcx.mk_region(ty::ReLateBound(
+                ty::INNERMOST,
+                ty::BoundRegion { var: ty::BoundVar::from_u32(0), kind: ty::BrAnon(0) },
+            ));
+            let env_region = tcx.mk_region(ty::ReLateBound(
+                ty::INNERMOST,
+                ty::BoundRegion { var: ty::BoundVar::from_u32(1), kind: ty::BrEnv },
+            ));
             let va_list_ty = tcx.type_of(did).subst(tcx, &[region.into()]);
             (tcx.mk_ref(env_region, ty::TypeAndMut { ty: va_list_ty, mutbl }), va_list_ty)
         })
@@ -305,7 +314,7 @@ pub fn check_intrinsic_type(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, it: &hir::ForeignItem<'_>) {
                     tcx.associated_items(tcx.lang_items().discriminant_kind_trait().unwrap());
                 let discriminant_def_id = assoc_items.in_definition_order().next().unwrap().def_id;
 
-                let br = ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrAnon(0) };
+                let br = ty::BoundRegion { var: ty::BoundVar::from_u32(0), kind: ty::BrAnon(0) };
                 (
                     1,
                     vec![
@@ -366,7 +375,7 @@ pub fn check_intrinsic_type(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, it: &hir::ForeignItem<'_>) {
         (n_tps, inputs, output, unsafety)
     };
     let sig = tcx.mk_fn_sig(inputs.into_iter(), output, false, unsafety, Abi::RustIntrinsic);
-    let sig = ty::Binder::bind(sig);
+    let sig = ty::Binder::bind_with_vars(sig, bound_vars);
     equate_intrinsic_type(tcx, it, n_tps, sig)
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/method/confirm.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/method/confirm.rs
index fff659a91ad..f546a0d8963 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/method/confirm.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/method/confirm.rs
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ConfirmContext<'a, 'tcx> {
         // We won't add these if we encountered an illegal sized bound, so that we can use
         // a custom error in that case.
         if illegal_sized_bound.is_none() {
-            let method_ty = self.tcx.mk_fn_ptr(ty::Binder::bind(method_sig));
+            let method_ty = self.tcx.mk_fn_ptr(ty::Binder::bind(method_sig, self.tcx));
             self.add_obligations(method_ty, all_substs, method_predicates);
         }
 
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ConfirmContext<'a, 'tcx> {
             parent_substs,
             false,
             None,
-            arg_count_correct,
+            &arg_count_correct,
             &mut MethodSubstsCtxt { cfcx: self, pick, seg },
         )
     }
@@ -550,7 +550,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ConfirmContext<'a, 'tcx> {
         upcast_trait_refs.into_iter().next().unwrap()
     }
 
-    fn replace_bound_vars_with_fresh_vars<T>(&self, value: ty::Binder<T>) -> T
+    fn replace_bound_vars_with_fresh_vars<T>(&self, value: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>) -> T
     where
         T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
     {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/method/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/method/mod.rs
index c74fd25f76d..bd7ffd057b4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/method/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/method/mod.rs
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         obligations.extend(traits::predicates_for_generics(cause.clone(), self.param_env, bounds));
 
         // Also add an obligation for the method type being well-formed.
-        let method_ty = tcx.mk_fn_ptr(ty::Binder::bind(fn_sig));
+        let method_ty = tcx.mk_fn_ptr(ty::Binder::bind(fn_sig, tcx));
         debug!(
             "lookup_in_trait_adjusted: matched method method_ty={:?} obligation={:?}",
             method_ty, obligation
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/method/probe.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/method/probe.rs
index 0742549f890..bfaf36e702f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/method/probe.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/method/probe.rs
@@ -1753,7 +1753,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ProbeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
     ///    region got replaced with the same variable, which requires a bit more coordination
     ///    and/or tracking the substitution and
     ///    so forth.
-    fn erase_late_bound_regions<T>(&self, value: ty::Binder<T>) -> T
+    fn erase_late_bound_regions<T>(&self, value: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>) -> T
     where
         T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
     {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/mod.rs
index ad9bb703779..0760d59875c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/mod.rs
@@ -497,6 +497,7 @@ fn typeck_with_fallback<'tcx>(
                 let fcx = FnCtxt::new(&inh, param_env, body.value.hir_id);
                 <dyn AstConv<'_>>::ty_of_fn(
                     &fcx,
+                    id,
                     header.unsafety,
                     header.abi,
                     decl,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/wfcheck.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/wfcheck.rs
index e7e603c8bd5..887cc42a1dd 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/wfcheck.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/wfcheck.rs
@@ -1067,13 +1067,14 @@ fn check_method_receiver<'fcx, 'tcx>(
     debug!("check_method_receiver: sig={:?}", sig);
 
     let self_ty = fcx.normalize_associated_types_in(span, self_ty);
-    let self_ty = fcx.tcx.liberate_late_bound_regions(method.def_id, ty::Binder::bind(self_ty));
+    let self_ty =
+        fcx.tcx.liberate_late_bound_regions(method.def_id, ty::Binder::bind(self_ty, fcx.tcx));
 
     let receiver_ty = sig.inputs()[0];
 
     let receiver_ty = fcx.normalize_associated_types_in(span, receiver_ty);
     let receiver_ty =
-        fcx.tcx.liberate_late_bound_regions(method.def_id, ty::Binder::bind(receiver_ty));
+        fcx.tcx.liberate_late_bound_regions(method.def_id, ty::Binder::bind(receiver_ty, fcx.tcx));
 
     if fcx.tcx.features().arbitrary_self_types {
         if !receiver_is_valid(fcx, span, receiver_ty, self_ty, true) {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/collect.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/collect.rs
index 0ef5f4d1c18..afe52c97733 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/collect.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/collect.rs
@@ -1244,7 +1244,8 @@ fn has_late_bound_regions<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, node: Node<'tcx>) -> Option<S
             match self.tcx.named_region(lt.hir_id) {
                 Some(rl::Region::Static | rl::Region::EarlyBound(..)) => {}
                 Some(
-                    rl::Region::LateBound(debruijn, _, _) | rl::Region::LateBoundAnon(debruijn, _),
+                    rl::Region::LateBound(debruijn, _, _, _)
+                    | rl::Region::LateBoundAnon(debruijn, _, _),
                 ) if debruijn < self.outer_index => {}
                 Some(
                     rl::Region::LateBound(..)
@@ -1707,10 +1708,11 @@ fn fn_sig(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> ty::PolyFnSig<'_> {
                     }
                     diag.emit();
 
-                    ty::Binder::bind(fn_sig)
+                    ty::Binder::bind(fn_sig, tcx)
                 }
                 None => <dyn AstConv<'_>>::ty_of_fn(
                     &icx,
+                    hir_id,
                     sig.header.unsafety,
                     sig.header.abi,
                     &sig.decl,
@@ -1728,6 +1730,7 @@ fn fn_sig(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> ty::PolyFnSig<'_> {
             ..
         }) => <dyn AstConv<'_>>::ty_of_fn(
             &icx,
+            hir_id,
             header.unsafety,
             header.abi,
             decl,
@@ -1749,13 +1752,10 @@ fn fn_sig(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> ty::PolyFnSig<'_> {
             let ty = tcx.type_of(tcx.hir().get_parent_did(hir_id).to_def_id());
             let inputs =
                 data.fields().iter().map(|f| tcx.type_of(tcx.hir().local_def_id(f.hir_id)));
-            ty::Binder::bind(tcx.mk_fn_sig(
-                inputs,
-                ty,
-                false,
-                hir::Unsafety::Normal,
-                abi::Abi::Rust,
-            ))
+            ty::Binder::bind(
+                tcx.mk_fn_sig(inputs, ty, false, hir::Unsafety::Normal, abi::Abi::Rust),
+                tcx,
+            )
         }
 
         Expr(&hir::Expr { kind: hir::ExprKind::Closure(..), .. }) => {
@@ -2039,7 +2039,7 @@ fn gather_explicit_predicates_of(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> ty::GenericP
                 param.bounds.iter().for_each(|bound| match bound {
                     hir::GenericBound::Outlives(lt) => {
                         let bound = <dyn AstConv<'_>>::ast_region_to_region(&icx, &lt, None);
-                        let outlives = ty::Binder::bind(ty::OutlivesPredicate(region, bound));
+                        let outlives = ty::Binder::bind(ty::OutlivesPredicate(region, bound), tcx);
                         predicates.insert((outlives.to_predicate(tcx), lt.span));
                     }
                     _ => bug!(),
@@ -2084,6 +2084,7 @@ fn gather_explicit_predicates_of(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> ty::GenericP
         match predicate {
             hir::WherePredicate::BoundPredicate(bound_pred) => {
                 let ty = icx.to_ty(&bound_pred.bounded_ty);
+                let bound_vars = icx.tcx.late_bound_vars(bound_pred.bounded_ty.hir_id);
 
                 // Keep the type around in a dummy predicate, in case of no bounds.
                 // That way, `where Ty:` is not a complete noop (see #53696) and `Ty`
@@ -2099,9 +2100,13 @@ fn gather_explicit_predicates_of(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> ty::GenericP
                     } else {
                         let span = bound_pred.bounded_ty.span;
                         let re_root_empty = tcx.lifetimes.re_root_empty;
-                        let predicate = ty::Binder::bind(ty::PredicateKind::TypeOutlives(
-                            ty::OutlivesPredicate(ty, re_root_empty),
-                        ));
+                        let predicate = ty::Binder::bind_with_vars(
+                            ty::PredicateKind::TypeOutlives(ty::OutlivesPredicate(
+                                ty,
+                                re_root_empty,
+                            )),
+                            bound_vars,
+                        );
                         predicates.insert((predicate.to_predicate(tcx), span));
                     }
                 }
@@ -2118,10 +2123,12 @@ fn gather_explicit_predicates_of(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> ty::GenericP
                             let mut bounds = Bounds::default();
                             let _ = <dyn AstConv<'_>>::instantiate_poly_trait_ref(
                                 &icx,
-                                &poly_trait_ref,
+                                &poly_trait_ref.trait_ref,
+                                poly_trait_ref.span,
                                 constness,
                                 ty,
                                 &mut bounds,
+                                false,
                             );
                             predicates.extend(bounds.predicates(tcx, ty));
                         }
@@ -2144,9 +2151,12 @@ fn gather_explicit_predicates_of(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> ty::GenericP
                             let region =
                                 <dyn AstConv<'_>>::ast_region_to_region(&icx, lifetime, None);
                             predicates.insert((
-                                ty::Binder::bind(ty::PredicateKind::TypeOutlives(
-                                    ty::OutlivesPredicate(ty, region),
-                                ))
+                                ty::Binder::bind_with_vars(
+                                    ty::PredicateKind::TypeOutlives(ty::OutlivesPredicate(
+                                        ty, region,
+                                    )),
+                                    bound_vars,
+                                )
                                 .to_predicate(tcx),
                                 lifetime.span,
                             ));
@@ -2368,7 +2378,14 @@ fn predicates_from_bound<'tcx>(
             };
 
             let mut bounds = Bounds::default();
-            let _ = astconv.instantiate_poly_trait_ref(tr, constness, param_ty, &mut bounds);
+            let _ = astconv.instantiate_poly_trait_ref(
+                &tr.trait_ref,
+                tr.span,
+                constness,
+                param_ty,
+                &mut bounds,
+                false,
+            );
             bounds.predicates(astconv.tcx(), param_ty)
         }
         hir::GenericBound::LangItemTrait(lang_item, span, hir_id, args) => {
@@ -2404,8 +2421,10 @@ fn compute_sig_of_foreign_fn_decl<'tcx>(
     } else {
         hir::Unsafety::Unsafe
     };
+    let hir_id = tcx.hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(def_id.expect_local());
     let fty = <dyn AstConv<'_>>::ty_of_fn(
         &ItemCtxt::new(tcx, def_id),
+        hir_id,
         unsafety,
         abi,
         decl,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/lib.rs
index cb442344fa2..190744fe6f1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/lib.rs
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ pub fn hir_ty_to_ty<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, hir_ty: &hir::Ty<'_>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
     let env_node_id = tcx.hir().get_parent_item(hir_ty.hir_id);
     let env_def_id = tcx.hir().local_def_id(env_node_id);
     let item_cx = self::collect::ItemCtxt::new(tcx, env_def_id.to_def_id());
-    item_cx.to_ty(hir_ty)
+    <dyn AstConv<'_>>::ast_ty_to_ty(&item_cx, hir_ty)
 }
 
 pub fn hir_trait_to_predicates<'tcx>(
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ pub fn hir_trait_to_predicates<'tcx>(
     let env_def_id = tcx.hir().local_def_id(env_hir_id);
     let item_cx = self::collect::ItemCtxt::new(tcx, env_def_id.to_def_id());
     let mut bounds = Bounds::default();
-    let _ = <dyn AstConv<'_>>::instantiate_poly_trait_ref_inner(
+    let _ = <dyn AstConv<'_>>::instantiate_poly_trait_ref(
         &item_cx,
         hir_trait,
         DUMMY_SP,
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/clean/mod.rs b/src/librustdoc/clean/mod.rs
index 4d33a1e6961..217e899001e 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/clean/mod.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/clean/mod.rs
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ impl Clean<Lifetime> for hir::Lifetime {
         match def {
             Some(
                 rl::Region::EarlyBound(_, node_id, _)
-                | rl::Region::LateBound(_, node_id, _)
+                | rl::Region::LateBound(_, _, node_id, _)
                 | rl::Region::Free(_, node_id),
             ) => {
                 if let Some(lt) = cx.lt_substs.get(&node_id).cloned() {
@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ impl Clean<Option<Lifetime>> for ty::RegionKind {
     fn clean(&self, _cx: &mut DocContext<'_>) -> Option<Lifetime> {
         match *self {
             ty::ReStatic => Some(Lifetime::statik()),
-            ty::ReLateBound(_, ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrNamed(_, name) }) => {
+            ty::ReLateBound(_, ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrNamed(_, name), .. }) => {
                 Some(Lifetime(name))
             }
             ty::ReEarlyBound(ref data) => Some(Lifetime(data.name)),
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/clean/utils.rs b/src/librustdoc/clean/utils.rs
index 32bac53e8f5..60cbe9f376f 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/clean/utils.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/clean/utils.rs
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ fn external_generic_args(
         .iter()
         .filter_map(|kind| match kind.unpack() {
             GenericArgKind::Lifetime(lt) => match lt {
-                ty::ReLateBound(_, ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrAnon(_) }) => {
+                ty::ReLateBound(_, ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrAnon(_), .. }) => {
                     Some(GenericArg::Lifetime(Lifetime::elided()))
                 }
                 _ => lt.clean(cx).map(GenericArg::Lifetime),
diff --git a/src/test/incremental/hashes/function_interfaces.rs b/src/test/incremental/hashes/function_interfaces.rs
index ed67b2dcb04..c8530c70f78 100644
--- a/src/test/incremental/hashes/function_interfaces.rs
+++ b/src/test/incremental/hashes/function_interfaces.rs
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ pub fn type_parameter<T>() {}
 pub fn lifetime_parameter() {}
 
 #[cfg(not(cfail1))]
-#[rustc_clean(cfg = "cfail2", except = "hir_owner, hir_owner_nodes, generics_of")]
+#[rustc_clean(cfg = "cfail2", except = "hir_owner, hir_owner_nodes, generics_of,fn_sig")]
 #[rustc_clean(cfg = "cfail3")]
 pub fn lifetime_parameter<'a>() {}
 
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ pub fn lifetime_bound<'a, T>() {}
 #[cfg(not(cfail1))]
 #[rustc_clean(
     cfg = "cfail2",
-    except = "hir_owner, hir_owner_nodes, generics_of, type_of, predicates_of"
+    except = "hir_owner, hir_owner_nodes, generics_of, type_of, predicates_of,fn_sig"
 )]
 #[rustc_clean(cfg = "cfail3")]
 pub fn lifetime_bound<'a, T: 'a>() {}
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ pub fn second_lifetime_bound<'a, 'b, T: 'a>() {}
 #[cfg(not(cfail1))]
 #[rustc_clean(
     cfg = "cfail2",
-    except = "hir_owner, hir_owner_nodes, generics_of, type_of, predicates_of"
+    except = "hir_owner, hir_owner_nodes, generics_of, type_of, predicates_of,fn_sig"
 )]
 #[rustc_clean(cfg = "cfail3")]
 pub fn second_lifetime_bound<'a, 'b, T: 'a + 'b>() {}
diff --git a/src/test/incremental/hashes/inherent_impls.rs b/src/test/incremental/hashes/inherent_impls.rs
index ae8f2ace217..ee7b258cec4 100644
--- a/src/test/incremental/hashes/inherent_impls.rs
+++ b/src/test/incremental/hashes/inherent_impls.rs
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ impl Foo {
     // if we lower generics before the body, then the `HirId` for
     // things in the body will be affected. So if you start to see
     // `typeck` appear dirty, that might be the cause. -nmatsakis
-    #[rustc_clean(cfg="cfail2", except="hir_owner,hir_owner_nodes")]
+    #[rustc_clean(cfg="cfail2", except="hir_owner,hir_owner_nodes,fn_sig")]
     #[rustc_clean(cfg="cfail3")]
     pub fn add_lifetime_parameter_to_method<'a>(&self) { }
 }
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ impl Foo {
 impl Foo {
     #[rustc_clean(
         cfg="cfail2",
-        except="hir_owner,hir_owner_nodes,generics_of,predicates_of,type_of"
+        except="hir_owner,hir_owner_nodes,generics_of,predicates_of,type_of,fn_sig"
     )]
     #[rustc_clean(cfg="cfail3")]
     pub fn add_lifetime_bound_to_lifetime_param_of_method<'a, 'b: 'a>(&self) { }
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ impl Foo {
     // body will be affected. So if you start to see `typeck`
     // appear dirty, that might be the cause. -nmatsakis
     #[rustc_clean(cfg="cfail2", except="hir_owner,hir_owner_nodes,generics_of,predicates_of,\
-                                        type_of")]
+                                        type_of,fn_sig")]
     #[rustc_clean(cfg="cfail3")]
     pub fn add_lifetime_bound_to_type_param_of_method<'a, T: 'a>(&self) { }
 }
diff --git a/src/test/ui/associated-type-bounds/hrtb.rs b/src/test/ui/associated-type-bounds/hrtb.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7ab3836493b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/ui/associated-type-bounds/hrtb.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// check-pass
+
+#![feature(associated_type_bounds)]
+
+trait A<'a> {}
+trait B<'b> {}
+fn foo<T>()
+where
+    for<'a> T: A<'a> + 'a,
+{
+}
+trait C<'c>: for<'a> A<'a> + for<'b> B<'b> {
+    type As;
+}
+struct D<T>
+where
+    T: for<'c> C<'c, As: A<'c>>,
+{
+    t: std::marker::PhantomData<T>,
+}
+
+trait E<'e> {
+    type As;
+}
+trait F<'f>: for<'a> A<'a> + for<'e> E<'e> {}
+struct G<T>
+where
+    for<'f> T: F<'f, As: E<'f>> + 'f,
+{
+    t: std::marker::PhantomData<T>,
+}
+
+trait I<'a, 'b, 'c> {
+    type As;
+}
+trait H<'d, 'e>: for<'f> I<'d, 'f, 'e> + 'd {}
+fn foo2<T>()
+where
+    T: for<'g> H<'g, 'g, As: for<'h> H<'h, 'g> + 'g>,
+{
+}
+
+fn foo3<T>()
+where
+    T: for<'i> H<'i, 'i, As: for<'j> H<'j, 'i, As: for<'k> I<'i, 'k, 'j> + 'j> + 'i>,
+{
+}
+fn foo4<T>()
+where
+    T: for<'l, 'i> H<'l, 'i, As: for<'j> H<'j, 'i, As: for<'k> I<'l, 'k, 'j> + 'j> + 'i>,
+{
+}
+
+struct X<'x, 'y> {
+    x: std::marker::PhantomData<&'x ()>,
+    y: std::marker::PhantomData<&'y ()>,
+}
+
+fn foo5<T>()
+where
+    T: for<'l, 'i> H<'l, 'i, As: for<'j> H<'j, 'i, As: for<'k> H<'j, 'k, As = X<'j, 'k>> + 'j> + 'i>
+{
+}
+
+fn main() {}
diff --git a/src/test/ui/hrtb/complex.rs b/src/test/ui/hrtb/complex.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8cdfe247e02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/ui/hrtb/complex.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// check-pass
+
+trait A<'a> {}
+trait B<'b> {}
+fn foo<T>() where for<'a> T: A<'a> + 'a {}
+trait C<'c>: for<'a> A<'a> + for<'b> B<'b> {
+    type As;
+}
+struct D<T> where T: for<'c> C<'c, As=&'c ()> {
+    t: std::marker::PhantomData<T>,
+}
+trait E<'e, 'g> {
+    type As;
+}
+trait F<'f>: for<'a> A<'a> + for<'e> E<'e, 'f> {}
+struct G<T> where T: for<'f> F<'f, As=&'f ()> {
+    t: std::marker::PhantomData<T>,
+}
+trait H<'a, 'b> {
+    type As;
+}
+trait I<'a>: for<'b> H<'a, 'b> {}
+
+struct J<T> where T: for<'i> I<'i, As=&'i ()> {
+    t: std::marker::PhantomData<T>,
+}
+
+fn main() {}
diff --git a/src/test/ui/in-band-lifetimes/no_introducing_in_band_in_locals.rs b/src/test/ui/in-band-lifetimes/no_introducing_in_band_in_locals.rs
index 3b407871e37..c1c40afdbab 100644
--- a/src/test/ui/in-band-lifetimes/no_introducing_in_band_in_locals.rs
+++ b/src/test/ui/in-band-lifetimes/no_introducing_in_band_in_locals.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ fn foo(x: &u32) {
 
 fn foo2(x: &u32) {}
 fn bar() {
-    let y: fn(&'test u32) = foo2;
+    let y: fn(&'test u32) = foo2; //~ ERROR use of undeclared lifetime
 }
 
 fn main() {}
diff --git a/src/test/ui/in-band-lifetimes/no_introducing_in_band_in_locals.stderr b/src/test/ui/in-band-lifetimes/no_introducing_in_band_in_locals.stderr
index 7ecb6ff0c9d..a43b49041ec 100644
--- a/src/test/ui/in-band-lifetimes/no_introducing_in_band_in_locals.stderr
+++ b/src/test/ui/in-band-lifetimes/no_introducing_in_band_in_locals.stderr
@@ -6,6 +6,22 @@ LL | fn foo(x: &u32) {
 LL |     let y: &'test u32 = x;
    |             ^^^^^ undeclared lifetime
 
-error: aborting due to previous error
+error[E0261]: use of undeclared lifetime name `'test`
+  --> $DIR/no_introducing_in_band_in_locals.rs:10:16
+   |
+LL |     let y: fn(&'test u32) = foo2;
+   |                ^^^^^ undeclared lifetime
+   |
+   = note: for more information on higher-ranked polymorphism, visit https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/hrtb.html
+help: consider introducing lifetime `'test` here
+   |
+LL | fn bar<'test>() {
+   |       ^^^^^^^
+help: consider making the type lifetime-generic with a new `'test` lifetime
+   |
+LL |     let y: for<'test> fn(&'test u32) = foo2;
+   |            ^^^^^^^^^^
+
+error: aborting due to 2 previous errors
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0261`.
diff --git a/src/test/ui/methods/method-call-lifetime-args-unresolved.rs b/src/test/ui/methods/method-call-lifetime-args-unresolved.rs
index d7760985ec6..d16ba3df47b 100644
--- a/src/test/ui/methods/method-call-lifetime-args-unresolved.rs
+++ b/src/test/ui/methods/method-call-lifetime-args-unresolved.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
 fn main() {
     0.clone::<'a>(); //~ ERROR use of undeclared lifetime name `'a`
-    //~^ WARNING cannot specify lifetime arguments
-    //~| WARNING this was previously accepted
 }
diff --git a/src/test/ui/methods/method-call-lifetime-args-unresolved.stderr b/src/test/ui/methods/method-call-lifetime-args-unresolved.stderr
index 5a958bc4b9c..93c0384fcc2 100644
--- a/src/test/ui/methods/method-call-lifetime-args-unresolved.stderr
+++ b/src/test/ui/methods/method-call-lifetime-args-unresolved.stderr
@@ -1,18 +1,3 @@
-warning: cannot specify lifetime arguments explicitly if late bound lifetime parameters are present
-  --> $DIR/method-call-lifetime-args-unresolved.rs:2:15
-   |
-LL |     0.clone::<'a>();
-   |               ^^
-   | 
-  ::: $SRC_DIR/core/src/clone.rs:LL:COL
-   |
-LL |     fn clone(&self) -> Self;
-   |              - the late bound lifetime parameter is introduced here
-   |
-   = note: `#[warn(late_bound_lifetime_arguments)]` on by default
-   = warning: this was previously accepted by the compiler but is being phased out; it will become a hard error in a future release!
-   = note: for more information, see issue #42868 <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/42868>
-
 error[E0261]: use of undeclared lifetime name `'a`
   --> $DIR/method-call-lifetime-args-unresolved.rs:2:15
    |
@@ -23,6 +8,6 @@ LL |     0.clone::<'a>();
    |
    = help: if you want to experiment with in-band lifetime bindings, add `#![feature(in_band_lifetimes)]` to the crate attributes
 
-error: aborting due to previous error; 1 warning emitted
+error: aborting due to previous error
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0261`.
diff --git a/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/escape-argument-callee.stderr b/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/escape-argument-callee.stderr
index 4e122d930fc..ff16bf0e078 100644
--- a/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/escape-argument-callee.stderr
+++ b/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/escape-argument-callee.stderr
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ LL |         let mut closure = expect_sig(|p, y| *p = y);
    |
    = note: defining type: test::{closure#0} with closure substs [
                i16,
-               for<'r, 's, 't0> extern "rust-call" fn((&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('r) }) mut &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('s) }) i32, &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('t0) }) i32)),
+               for<'r, 's, 't0> extern "rust-call" fn((&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 0, kind: BrNamed('r) }) mut &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 1, kind: BrNamed('s) }) i32, &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 2, kind: BrNamed('t0) }) i32)),
                (),
            ]
 
diff --git a/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/escape-argument.stderr b/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/escape-argument.stderr
index 44d1d2327fc..22398f08572 100644
--- a/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/escape-argument.stderr
+++ b/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/escape-argument.stderr
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ LL |         let mut closure = expect_sig(|p, y| *p = y);
    |
    = note: defining type: test::{closure#0} with closure substs [
                i16,
-               for<'r, 's> extern "rust-call" fn((&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('r) }) mut &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('s) }) i32, &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('s) }) i32)),
+               for<'r, 's> extern "rust-call" fn((&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 0, kind: BrNamed('r) }) mut &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 1, kind: BrNamed('s) }) i32, &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 1, kind: BrNamed('s) }) i32)),
                (),
            ]
 
diff --git a/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/propagate-approximated-fail-no-postdom.stderr b/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/propagate-approximated-fail-no-postdom.stderr
index fa9f994c4fa..11420efaa06 100644
--- a/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/propagate-approximated-fail-no-postdom.stderr
+++ b/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/propagate-approximated-fail-no-postdom.stderr
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ LL | |         },
    |
    = note: defining type: supply::{closure#0} with closure substs [
                i16,
-               for<'r, 's> extern "rust-call" fn((std::cell::Cell<&'_#1r &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('r) }) u32>, std::cell::Cell<&'_#2r &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('r) }) u32>, std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('s) }) &'_#3r u32>, std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('r) }) u32>, std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('s) }) u32>)),
+               for<'r, 's> extern "rust-call" fn((std::cell::Cell<&'_#1r &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 0, kind: BrNamed('r) }) u32>, std::cell::Cell<&'_#2r &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 0, kind: BrNamed('r) }) u32>, std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 1, kind: BrNamed('s) }) &'_#3r u32>, std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 0, kind: BrNamed('r) }) u32>, std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 1, kind: BrNamed('s) }) u32>)),
                (),
            ]
    = note: late-bound region is '_#4r
diff --git a/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/propagate-approximated-ref.stderr b/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/propagate-approximated-ref.stderr
index 0555f79bcb0..98c3c28fb43 100644
--- a/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/propagate-approximated-ref.stderr
+++ b/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/propagate-approximated-ref.stderr
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ LL | |     });
    |
    = note: defining type: supply::{closure#0} with closure substs [
                i16,
-               for<'r, 's, 't0, 't1, 't2, 't3> extern "rust-call" fn((&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('r) }) std::cell::Cell<&'_#1r &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('s) }) u32>, &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('t0) }) std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('t1) }) &'_#2r u32>, &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('t2) }) std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('s) }) u32>, &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('t3) }) std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('t1) }) u32>)),
+               for<'r, 's, 't0, 't1, 't2, 't3> extern "rust-call" fn((&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 0, kind: BrNamed('r) }) std::cell::Cell<&'_#1r &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 1, kind: BrNamed('s) }) u32>, &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 2, kind: BrNamed('t0) }) std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 3, kind: BrNamed('t1) }) &'_#2r u32>, &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 4, kind: BrNamed('t2) }) std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 1, kind: BrNamed('s) }) u32>, &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 5, kind: BrNamed('t3) }) std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 3, kind: BrNamed('t1) }) u32>)),
                (),
            ]
    = note: late-bound region is '_#3r
diff --git a/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/propagate-approximated-shorter-to-static-comparing-against-free.stderr b/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/propagate-approximated-shorter-to-static-comparing-against-free.stderr
index 0932f941548..30ef343b261 100644
--- a/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/propagate-approximated-shorter-to-static-comparing-against-free.stderr
+++ b/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/propagate-approximated-shorter-to-static-comparing-against-free.stderr
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ LL | |     })
    |
    = note: defining type: case1::{closure#0} with closure substs [
                i32,
-               for<'r> extern "rust-call" fn((std::cell::Cell<&'_#1r u32>, std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('r) }) u32>)),
+               for<'r> extern "rust-call" fn((std::cell::Cell<&'_#1r u32>, std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 0, kind: BrNamed('r) }) u32>)),
                (),
            ]
 
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ LL | |     })
    |
    = note: defining type: case2::{closure#0} with closure substs [
                i32,
-               for<'r> extern "rust-call" fn((std::cell::Cell<&'_#1r u32>, std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('r) }) u32>)),
+               for<'r> extern "rust-call" fn((std::cell::Cell<&'_#1r u32>, std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 0, kind: BrNamed('r) }) u32>)),
                (),
            ]
    = note: number of external vids: 2
diff --git a/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/propagate-approximated-shorter-to-static-no-bound.stderr b/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/propagate-approximated-shorter-to-static-no-bound.stderr
index bf6e2a922ed..29993b129c7 100644
--- a/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/propagate-approximated-shorter-to-static-no-bound.stderr
+++ b/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/propagate-approximated-shorter-to-static-no-bound.stderr
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ LL | |     });
    |
    = note: defining type: supply::{closure#0} with closure substs [
                i16,
-               for<'r, 's, 't0, 't1, 't2> extern "rust-call" fn((&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('r) }) std::cell::Cell<&'_#1r &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('s) }) u32>, &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('t0) }) std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('s) }) u32>, &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('t1) }) std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('t2) }) u32>)),
+               for<'r, 's, 't0, 't1, 't2> extern "rust-call" fn((&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 0, kind: BrNamed('r) }) std::cell::Cell<&'_#1r &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 1, kind: BrNamed('s) }) u32>, &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 2, kind: BrNamed('t0) }) std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 1, kind: BrNamed('s) }) u32>, &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 3, kind: BrNamed('t1) }) std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 4, kind: BrNamed('t2) }) u32>)),
                (),
            ]
    = note: late-bound region is '_#2r
diff --git a/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/propagate-approximated-shorter-to-static-wrong-bound.stderr b/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/propagate-approximated-shorter-to-static-wrong-bound.stderr
index a3d993848cb..cb505d8b1ec 100644
--- a/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/propagate-approximated-shorter-to-static-wrong-bound.stderr
+++ b/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/propagate-approximated-shorter-to-static-wrong-bound.stderr
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ LL | |     });
    |
    = note: defining type: supply::{closure#0} with closure substs [
                i16,
-               for<'r, 's, 't0, 't1, 't2, 't3> extern "rust-call" fn((&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('r) }) std::cell::Cell<&'_#1r &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('s) }) u32>, &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('t0) }) std::cell::Cell<&'_#2r &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('t1) }) u32>, &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('t2) }) std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('s) }) u32>, &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('t3) }) std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('t1) }) u32>)),
+               for<'r, 's, 't0, 't1, 't2, 't3> extern "rust-call" fn((&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 0, kind: BrNamed('r) }) std::cell::Cell<&'_#1r &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 1, kind: BrNamed('s) }) u32>, &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 2, kind: BrNamed('t0) }) std::cell::Cell<&'_#2r &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 3, kind: BrNamed('t1) }) u32>, &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 4, kind: BrNamed('t2) }) std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 1, kind: BrNamed('s) }) u32>, &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 5, kind: BrNamed('t3) }) std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 3, kind: BrNamed('t1) }) u32>)),
                (),
            ]
    = note: late-bound region is '_#3r
diff --git a/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/propagate-approximated-val.stderr b/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/propagate-approximated-val.stderr
index 60dca1baa40..2ec9d4d8db1 100644
--- a/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/propagate-approximated-val.stderr
+++ b/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/propagate-approximated-val.stderr
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ LL | |     });
    |
    = note: defining type: test::{closure#0} with closure substs [
                i16,
-               for<'r, 's> extern "rust-call" fn((std::cell::Cell<&'_#1r &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('r) }) u32>, std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('s) }) &'_#2r u32>, std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('r) }) u32>, std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('s) }) u32>)),
+               for<'r, 's> extern "rust-call" fn((std::cell::Cell<&'_#1r &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 0, kind: BrNamed('r) }) u32>, std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 1, kind: BrNamed('s) }) &'_#2r u32>, std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 0, kind: BrNamed('r) }) u32>, std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 1, kind: BrNamed('s) }) u32>)),
                (),
            ]
    = note: late-bound region is '_#3r
diff --git a/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/propagate-despite-same-free-region.stderr b/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/propagate-despite-same-free-region.stderr
index cbb10eb187e..21e4232c788 100644
--- a/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/propagate-despite-same-free-region.stderr
+++ b/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/propagate-despite-same-free-region.stderr
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ LL | |         },
    |
    = note: defining type: supply::{closure#0} with closure substs [
                i16,
-               for<'r, 's> extern "rust-call" fn((std::cell::Cell<&'_#1r &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('r) }) u32>, std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('s) }) &'_#2r u32>, std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('r) }) u32>, std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('s) }) u32>)),
+               for<'r, 's> extern "rust-call" fn((std::cell::Cell<&'_#1r &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 0, kind: BrNamed('r) }) u32>, std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 1, kind: BrNamed('s) }) &'_#2r u32>, std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 0, kind: BrNamed('r) }) u32>, std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 1, kind: BrNamed('s) }) u32>)),
                (),
            ]
    = note: late-bound region is '_#3r
diff --git a/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/propagate-fail-to-approximate-longer-no-bounds.stderr b/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/propagate-fail-to-approximate-longer-no-bounds.stderr
index f9f1d8bb6ff..8b9b0435420 100644
--- a/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/propagate-fail-to-approximate-longer-no-bounds.stderr
+++ b/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/propagate-fail-to-approximate-longer-no-bounds.stderr
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ LL | |     });
    |
    = note: defining type: supply::{closure#0} with closure substs [
                i16,
-               for<'r, 's, 't0, 't1, 't2> extern "rust-call" fn((&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('r) }) std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('s) }) &'_#1r u32>, &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('t0) }) std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('t1) }) u32>, &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('t2) }) std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('s) }) u32>)),
+               for<'r, 's, 't0, 't1, 't2> extern "rust-call" fn((&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 0, kind: BrNamed('r) }) std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 1, kind: BrNamed('s) }) &'_#1r u32>, &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 2, kind: BrNamed('t0) }) std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 3, kind: BrNamed('t1) }) u32>, &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 4, kind: BrNamed('t2) }) std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 1, kind: BrNamed('s) }) u32>)),
                (),
            ]
    = note: late-bound region is '_#2r
diff --git a/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/propagate-fail-to-approximate-longer-wrong-bounds.stderr b/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/propagate-fail-to-approximate-longer-wrong-bounds.stderr
index 1587c28e1be..060ce690f03 100644
--- a/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/propagate-fail-to-approximate-longer-wrong-bounds.stderr
+++ b/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/propagate-fail-to-approximate-longer-wrong-bounds.stderr
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ LL | |     });
    |
    = note: defining type: supply::{closure#0} with closure substs [
                i16,
-               for<'r, 's, 't0, 't1, 't2, 't3> extern "rust-call" fn((&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('r) }) std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('s) }) &'_#1r u32>, &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('t0) }) std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('t1) }) &'_#2r u32>, &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('t2) }) std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('s) }) u32>, &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('t3) }) std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('t1) }) u32>)),
+               for<'r, 's, 't0, 't1, 't2, 't3> extern "rust-call" fn((&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 0, kind: BrNamed('r) }) std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 1, kind: BrNamed('s) }) &'_#1r u32>, &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 2, kind: BrNamed('t0) }) std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 3, kind: BrNamed('t1) }) &'_#2r u32>, &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 4, kind: BrNamed('t2) }) std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 1, kind: BrNamed('s) }) u32>, &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 5, kind: BrNamed('t3) }) std::cell::Cell<&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 3, kind: BrNamed('t1) }) u32>)),
                (),
            ]
    = note: late-bound region is '_#3r
diff --git a/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/return-wrong-bound-region.stderr b/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/return-wrong-bound-region.stderr
index 44f743310b4..5fc1d5c4361 100644
--- a/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/return-wrong-bound-region.stderr
+++ b/src/test/ui/nll/closure-requirements/return-wrong-bound-region.stderr
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ LL |     expect_sig(|a, b| b); // ought to return `a`
    |
    = note: defining type: test::{closure#0} with closure substs [
                i16,
-               for<'r, 's> extern "rust-call" fn((&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('r) }) i32, &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('s) }) i32)) -> &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('r) }) i32,
+               for<'r, 's> extern "rust-call" fn((&ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 0, kind: BrNamed('r) }) i32, &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 1, kind: BrNamed('s) }) i32)) -> &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 0, kind: BrNamed('r) }) i32,
                (),
            ]
 
diff --git a/src/test/ui/nll/ty-outlives/ty-param-closure-approximate-lower-bound.stderr b/src/test/ui/nll/ty-outlives/ty-param-closure-approximate-lower-bound.stderr
index dbf76cd1329..baf223b786b 100644
--- a/src/test/ui/nll/ty-outlives/ty-param-closure-approximate-lower-bound.stderr
+++ b/src/test/ui/nll/ty-outlives/ty-param-closure-approximate-lower-bound.stderr
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ LL |     twice(cell, value, |a, b| invoke(a, b));
    |
    = note: defining type: generic::<T>::{closure#0} with closure substs [
                i16,
-               for<'r, 's> extern "rust-call" fn((std::option::Option<std::cell::Cell<&'_#1r &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('r) }) ()>>, &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('s) }) T)),
+               for<'r, 's> extern "rust-call" fn((std::option::Option<std::cell::Cell<&'_#1r &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 0, kind: BrNamed('r) }) ()>>, &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 1, kind: BrNamed('s) }) T)),
                (),
            ]
    = note: number of external vids: 2
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ LL |     twice(cell, value, |a, b| invoke(a, b));
    |
    = note: defining type: generic_fail::<T>::{closure#0} with closure substs [
                i16,
-               for<'r, 's> extern "rust-call" fn((std::option::Option<std::cell::Cell<&'_#1r &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('r) }) ()>>, &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { kind: BrNamed('s) }) T)),
+               for<'r, 's> extern "rust-call" fn((std::option::Option<std::cell::Cell<&'_#1r &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 0, kind: BrNamed('r) }) ()>>, &ReLateBound(DebruijnIndex(0), BoundRegion { var: 1, kind: BrNamed('s) }) T)),
                (),
            ]
    = note: late-bound region is '_#2r
diff --git a/src/test/ui/specialization/min_specialization/repeated_projection_type.stderr b/src/test/ui/specialization/min_specialization/repeated_projection_type.stderr
index 92208231b17..fa59d7a0313 100644
--- a/src/test/ui/specialization/min_specialization/repeated_projection_type.stderr
+++ b/src/test/ui/specialization/min_specialization/repeated_projection_type.stderr
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-error: cannot specialize on `Binder(ProjectionPredicate(ProjectionTy { substs: [V], item_def_id: DefId(0:6 ~ repeated_projection_type[317d]::Id::This) }, (I,)))`
+error: cannot specialize on `Binder(ProjectionPredicate(ProjectionTy { substs: [V], item_def_id: DefId(0:6 ~ repeated_projection_type[317d]::Id::This) }, (I,)), [])`
   --> $DIR/repeated_projection_type.rs:19:1
    |
 LL | / impl<I, V: Id<This = (I,)>> X for V {
diff --git a/src/test/ui/symbol-names/basic.legacy.stderr b/src/test/ui/symbol-names/basic.legacy.stderr
index 7155d88be96..3dd2b19fbf9 100644
--- a/src/test/ui/symbol-names/basic.legacy.stderr
+++ b/src/test/ui/symbol-names/basic.legacy.stderr
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-error: symbol-name(_ZN5basic4main17hfcf1daab33c43a6aE)
+error: symbol-name(_ZN5basic4main17h6c535bbea2051f85E)
   --> $DIR/basic.rs:8:1
    |
 LL | #[rustc_symbol_name]
    | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-error: demangling(basic::main::hfcf1daab33c43a6a)
+error: demangling(basic::main::h6c535bbea2051f85)
   --> $DIR/basic.rs:8:1
    |
 LL | #[rustc_symbol_name]
diff --git a/src/test/ui/symbol-names/issue-60925.legacy.stderr b/src/test/ui/symbol-names/issue-60925.legacy.stderr
index 9575875f5a8..65cc62b4d1d 100644
--- a/src/test/ui/symbol-names/issue-60925.legacy.stderr
+++ b/src/test/ui/symbol-names/issue-60925.legacy.stderr
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-error: symbol-name(_ZN11issue_609253foo37Foo$LT$issue_60925..llv$u6d$..Foo$GT$3foo17hb8ca3eb2682b1b51E)
+error: symbol-name(_ZN11issue_609253foo37Foo$LT$issue_60925..llv$u6d$..Foo$GT$3foo17h6244e5288326926aE)
   --> $DIR/issue-60925.rs:22:9
    |
 LL |         #[rustc_symbol_name]
    |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-error: demangling(issue_60925::foo::Foo<issue_60925::llvm::Foo>::foo::hb8ca3eb2682b1b51)
+error: demangling(issue_60925::foo::Foo<issue_60925::llvm::Foo>::foo::h6244e5288326926a)
   --> $DIR/issue-60925.rs:22:9
    |
 LL |         #[rustc_symbol_name]
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/unit_return_expecting_ord.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/unit_return_expecting_ord.rs
index bad3e488bb6..4c13941f665 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/unit_return_expecting_ord.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/unit_return_expecting_ord.rs
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ fn get_trait_predicates_for_trait_id<'tcx>(
     for (pred, _) in generics.predicates {
         if_chain! {
             if let PredicateKind::Trait(poly_trait_pred, _) = pred.kind().skip_binder();
-            let trait_pred = cx.tcx.erase_late_bound_regions(ty::Binder::bind(poly_trait_pred));
+            let trait_pred = cx.tcx.erase_late_bound_regions(pred.kind().rebind(poly_trait_pred));
             if let Some(trait_def_id) = trait_id;
             if trait_def_id == trait_pred.trait_ref.def_id;
             then {
@@ -58,12 +58,12 @@ fn get_trait_predicates_for_trait_id<'tcx>(
 fn get_projection_pred<'tcx>(
     cx: &LateContext<'tcx>,
     generics: GenericPredicates<'tcx>,
-    pred: TraitPredicate<'tcx>,
+    trait_pred: TraitPredicate<'tcx>,
 ) -> Option<ProjectionPredicate<'tcx>> {
     generics.predicates.iter().find_map(|(proj_pred, _)| {
-        if let ty::PredicateKind::Projection(proj_pred) = proj_pred.kind().skip_binder() {
-            let projection_pred = cx.tcx.erase_late_bound_regions(ty::Binder::bind(proj_pred));
-            if projection_pred.projection_ty.substs == pred.trait_ref.substs {
+        if let ty::PredicateKind::Projection(pred) = proj_pred.kind().skip_binder() {
+            let projection_pred = cx.tcx.erase_late_bound_regions(proj_pred.kind().rebind(pred));
+            if projection_pred.projection_ty.substs == trait_pred.trait_ref.substs {
                 return Some(projection_pred);
             }
         }