dist: Re-work how we describe the licence of Rust in our distributions

) add COPYRIGHT*.html files to the rustc binary distribution
) add contents of LICENSE folder to dist tarballs, because some of our in-tree licences will require that the license text is reproduced.
) The wording of COPYRIGHT is adjusted to not include license text (`reuse` ensures that it's in the LICENSE folder)
) A blanket copyright notice is added to LICENCE-MIT as required by the text.

The general approach is that the license statements are now compiled using a tool in CI (generate-copyright), and you get either:

* the source code (COPYRIGHT, LICENCE-APACHE, LICENCE-MIT, REUSE.toml and the LICENCES folder), or
* the compiled version (COPYRIGHT.html, COPYRIGHT-library.html and the LICENCES folder).

1 files changed, 21 insertions, 371 deletions

diff --git a/COPYRIGHT b/COPYRIGHT
index 428a438a086..4dad74f234e 100644
--- a/COPYRIGHT
+++ b/COPYRIGHT
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ Short version for non-lawyers:
 The Rust Project is dual-licensed under Apache 2.0 and MIT
 terms.
 
+It is Copyright (c) The Rust Project Contributors.
 
 Longer version:
 
@@ -11,374 +12,23 @@ copyright assignment is required to contribute to the Rust project.
 
 Some files include explicit copyright notices and/or license notices.
 For full authorship information, see the version control history or
-https://thanks.rust-lang.org
-
-Except as otherwise noted (below and/or in individual files), Rust is
-licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE> or
-<http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
-<LICENSE-MIT> or <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your option.
-
-
-The Rust Project includes packages written by third parties.
-The following third party packages are included, and carry
-their own copyright notices and license terms:
-
-* LLVM, located in src/llvm-project, is licensed under the following
-  terms.
-
-    ==============================================================================
-    The LLVM Project is under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions:
-    ==============================================================================
-
-                                    Apache License
-                              Version 2.0, January 2004
-                            http://www.apache.org/licenses/
-
-        TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
-
-        1. Definitions.
-
-          "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
-          and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
-
-          "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
-          the copyright owner that is granting the License.
-
-          "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
-          other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
-          control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
-          "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
-          direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
-          otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
-          outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
-
-          "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
-          exercising permissions granted by this License.
-
-          "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
-          including but not limited to software source code, documentation
-          source, and configuration files.
-
-          "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
-          transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
-          not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
-          and conversions to other media types.
-
-          "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
-          Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
-          copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
-          (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
-
-          "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
-          form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
-          editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
-          represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
-          of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
-          separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
-          the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
-
-          "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
-          the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
-          to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
-          submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
-          or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
-          the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
-          means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
-          to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
-          communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
-          and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
-          Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
-          excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
-          designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
-
-          "Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
-          on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and
-          subsequently incorporated within the Work.
-
-        2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
-          this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
-          worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
-          copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
-          publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
-          Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
-
-        3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
-          this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
-          worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
-          (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
-          use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
-          where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
-          by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
-          Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
-          with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
-          institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
-          cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
-          or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
-          or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
-          granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
-          as of the date such litigation is filed.
-
-        4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
-          Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
-          modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
-          meet the following conditions:
-
-          (a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
-              Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
-
-          (b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
-              stating that You changed the files; and
-
-          (c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
-              that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
-              attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
-              excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
-              the Derivative Works; and
-
-          (d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
-              distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
-              include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
-              within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not
-              pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
-              of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
-              as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
-              documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
-              within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
-              wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
-              of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
-              do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
-              notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
-              or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
-              that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
-              as modifying the License.
-
-          You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
-          may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
-          for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
-          for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
-          reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
-          the conditions stated in this License.
-
-        5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
-          any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
-          by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
-          this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
-          Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
-          the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
-          with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
-
-        6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
-          names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
-          except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
-          origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
-
-        7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
-          agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
-          Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-          WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
-          implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
-          of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
-          PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
-          appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
-          risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
-
-        8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
-          whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
-          unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
-          negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
-          liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
-          incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
-          result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
-          Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
-          work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
-          other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
-          has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
-
-        9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
-          the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
-          and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
-          or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
-          License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
-          on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
-          of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
-          defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
-          incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
-          of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
-
-        END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
-
-        APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
-
-          To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
-          boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
-          replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
-          the brackets!)  The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
-          comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a
-          file or class name and description of purpose be included on the
-          same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier
-          identification within third-party archives.
-
-        Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
-
-        Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-        you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-        You may obtain a copy of the License at
-
-          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-
-        Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-        distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-        WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-        See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-        limitations under the License.
-
-
-    ---- LLVM Exceptions to the Apache 2.0 License ----
-
-    As an exception, if, as a result of your compiling your source code, portions
-    of this Software are embedded into an Object form of such source code, you
-    may redistribute such embedded portions in such Object form without complying
-    with the conditions of Sections 4(a), 4(b) and 4(d) of the License.
-
-    In addition, if you combine or link compiled forms of this Software with
-    software that is licensed under the GPLv2 ("Combined Software") and if a
-    court of competent jurisdiction determines that the patent provision (Section
-    3), the indemnity provision (Section 9) or other Section of the License
-    conflicts with the conditions of the GPLv2, you may retroactively and
-    prospectively choose to deem waived or otherwise exclude such Section(s) of
-    the License, but only in their entirety and only with respect to the Combined
-    Software.
-
-    ==============================================================================
-    Software from third parties included in the LLVM Project:
-    ==============================================================================
-    The LLVM Project contains third party software which is under different license
-    terms. All such code will be identified clearly using at least one of two
-    mechanisms:
-    1) It will be in a separate directory tree with its own `LICENSE.txt` or
-      `LICENSE` file at the top containing the specific license and restrictions
-      which apply to that software, or
-    2) It will contain specific license and restriction terms at the top of every
-      file.
-
-    ==============================================================================
-    Legacy LLVM License (https://llvm.org/docs/DeveloperPolicy.html#legacy):
-    ==============================================================================
-    University of Illinois/NCSA
-    Open Source License
-
-    Copyright (c) 2003-2019 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
-    All rights reserved.
-
-    Developed by:
-
-        LLVM Team
-
-        University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
-
-        http://llvm.org
-
-    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
-    this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal with
-    the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
-    use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
-    of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do
-    so, subject to the following conditions:
-
-        * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
-          this list of conditions and the following disclaimers.
-
-        * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
-          this list of conditions and the following disclaimers in the
-          documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-
-        * Neither the names of the LLVM Team, University of Illinois at
-          Urbana-Champaign, nor the names of its contributors may be used to
-          endorse or promote products derived from this Software without specific
-          prior written permission.
-
-    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
-    FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-    CONTRIBUTORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-    OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS WITH THE
-    SOFTWARE.
-
-* Portions of the FFI code for interacting with the native ABI
-  is derived from the Clay programming language, which carries
-  the following license.
-
-    Copyright (C) 2008-2010 Tachyon Technologies.
-    All rights reserved.
-
-    Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with
-    or without modification, are permitted provided that the
-    following conditions are met:
-
-    1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above
-       copyright notice, this list of conditions and the
-       following disclaimer.
-
-    2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the
-       above copyright notice, this list of conditions and
-       the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or
-       other materials provided with the distribution.
-
-    THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
-    IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-    IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
-    PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-    DEVELOPERS AND CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
-    INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
-    CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
-    PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
-    USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
-    CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
-    CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
-    NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE
-    USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY
-    OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-* Portions of internationalization code use code or data from Unicode, which
-  carry the following license:
-
-    UNICODE LICENSE V3
-
-    COPYRIGHT AND PERMISSION NOTICE
-
-    Copyright © 1991-2024 Unicode, Inc.
-
-    NOTICE TO USER: Carefully read the following legal agreement. BY
-    DOWNLOADING, INSTALLING, COPYING OR OTHERWISE USING DATA FILES, AND/OR
-    SOFTWARE, YOU UNEQUIVOCALLY ACCEPT, AND AGREE TO BE BOUND BY, ALL OF THE
-    TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS AGREEMENT. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE, DO NOT
-    DOWNLOAD, INSTALL, COPY, DISTRIBUTE OR USE THE DATA FILES OR SOFTWARE.
-
-    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
-    copy of data files and any associated documentation (the "Data Files") or
-    software and any associated documentation (the "Software") to deal in the
-    Data Files or Software without restriction, including without limitation
-    the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, and/or sell
-    copies of the Data Files or Software, and to permit persons to whom the
-    Data Files or Software are furnished to do so, provided that either (a)
-    this copyright and permission notice appear with all copies of the Data
-    Files or Software, or (b) this copyright and permission notice appear in
-    associated Documentation.
-
-    THE DATA FILES AND SOFTWARE ARE PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
-    KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
-    MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT OF
-    THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.
-
-    IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR HOLDERS INCLUDED IN THIS NOTICE
-    BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, OR ANY SPECIAL INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES,
-    OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS,
-    WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION,
-    ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THE DATA
-    FILES OR SOFTWARE.
-
-    Except as contained in this notice, the name of a copyright holder shall
-    not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or other
-    dealings in these Data Files or Software without prior written
-    authorization of the copyright holder.
+<https://thanks.rust-lang.org>
+
+Except as otherwise noted, Rust is licensed under the Apache License, Version
+2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE> or <http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT
+license <LICENSE-MIT> or <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your option.
+
+We track licenses for third-party materials in two ways:
+
+* We use [REUSE](https://reuse.software) to track license information for
+  in-tree source files - both those authored by the Rust project and those
+  authored by third parties. See `REUSE.toml`, and our cached output of the
+  `reuse` tool which is committed to `license-metadata.json`.
+* We use `cargo` to track license information for out-of-tree dependencies.
+
+These two sources of information are collected by the tool `generate-copyright`
+into a file called `COPYRIGHT.html`, which is shipped with each binary release
+of Rust. Please refer to that file for detailed information as to the components of
+any given Rust release. We also produce a `COPYRIGHT-library.html` file which only
+covers the subset of source code used in the Rust Standard Library, as opposed
+to the toolchain as a whole.