Auto merge of #133566 - lcnr:fast-reject-perf, r=compiler-errors

fast-reject: add cache

slightly modified version of #133524

I tried a few alternatives:
- simply bail after recursion for a certain amount of times, however, looking at the number of steps taken while compiling different crates we get the following results[^1]:
- add a cache: results in a bigger performance impact

typenum
```rust
1098842 counts
(  1)   670511 (61.0%, 61.0%): dropping after 1
(  2)   358785 (32.7%, 93.7%): dropping after 0
(  3)    25191 ( 2.3%, 96.0%): dropping after 2
(  4)    10912 ( 1.0%, 97.0%): dropping after 4
(  5)     6461 ( 0.6%, 97.5%): dropping after 3
(  6)     5239 ( 0.5%, 98.0%): dropping after 5
(  7)     2528 ( 0.2%, 98.3%): dropping after 8
(  8)     2188 ( 0.2%, 98.5%): dropping after 1094
(  9)     2097 ( 0.2%, 98.6%): dropping after 6
( 10)     1179 ( 0.1%, 98.7%): dropping after 34
( 11)     1148 ( 0.1%, 98.9%): dropping after 7
( 12)      822 ( 0.1%, 98.9%): dropping after 10
```
bitmaps
```rust
533346 counts
(  1)   526166 (98.7%, 98.7%): dropping after 1
(  2)     4562 ( 0.9%, 99.5%): dropping after 0
(  3)     2072 ( 0.4%, 99.9%): dropping after 1024
(  4)      305 ( 0.1%,100.0%): dropping after 2
(  5)      106 ( 0.0%,100.0%): dropping after 4
(  6)       30 ( 0.0%,100.0%): dropping after 8
(  7)       18 ( 0.0%,100.0%): dropping after 3
(  8)       17 ( 0.0%,100.0%): dropping after 44
(  9)       15 ( 0.0%,100.0%): dropping after 168
( 10)        8 ( 0.0%,100.0%): dropping after 14
( 11)        7 ( 0.0%,100.0%): dropping after 13
( 12)        7 ( 0.0%,100.0%): dropping after 24
```
stage 2 compiler is mostly trivial, but has a few cases where we get >5000
```rust
12987156 counts
(  1)  9280476 (71.5%, 71.5%): dropping after 0
(  2)  2277841 (17.5%, 89.0%): dropping after 1
(  3)   724888 ( 5.6%, 94.6%): dropping after 2
(  4)   204005 ( 1.6%, 96.2%): dropping after 4
(  5)   146537 ( 1.1%, 97.3%): dropping after 3
(  6)    64287 ( 0.5%, 97.8%): dropping after 5
(  7)    43938 ( 0.3%, 98.1%): dropping after 6
(  8)    43758 ( 0.3%, 98.4%): dropping after 8
(  9)    27220 ( 0.2%, 98.7%): dropping after 7
( 10)    17374 ( 0.1%, 98.8%): dropping after 9
( 11)    16015 ( 0.1%, 98.9%): dropping after 10
( 12)    12855 ( 0.1%, 99.0%): dropping after 12
( 13)    10494 ( 0.1%, 99.1%): dropping after 11
( 14)     7553 ( 0.1%, 99.2%): dropping after 14
```

[^1]: i've incremented a counter in the place I now decrement the depth at and then printed it on drop

r? `@compiler-errors`

0 files changed, 0 insertions, 0 deletions