Rollup merge of #107624 - tgross35:const-cstr-methods, r=dtolnay

Stabilize `const_cstr_methods`

This PR seeks to stabilize `const_cstr_methods`. Fixes most of #101719

## New const stable API

```rust
impl CStr {
    // depends: memchr
    pub const fn from_bytes_with_nul(bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<&Self, FromBytesWithNulError> {...}
    // depends: const_slice_index
    pub const fn to_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {}
    // depends: pointer casts
    pub const fn to_bytes_with_nul(&self) -> &[u8] {}
    // depends: str::from_utf8
    pub const fn to_str(&self) -> Result<&str, str::Utf8Error> {}
}
```

I don't think any of these methods will have any issue when `CStr` becomes a thin pointer as long as `memchr` is const  (which also allows for const `strlen`) .

## Notes

- `from_bytes_until_nul` relies on `const_slice_index`, which relies on `const_trait_impls`, and generally this should be avoided. After talking with Oli, it should be OK in this case because we could replace the ranges with pointer tricks if needed (worst case being those feature gates disappear). https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/107624#discussion_r1101468480
- Making `from_ptr` const is deferred because it depends on `const_eval_select`. I have moved this under the new flag `const_cstr_from_ptr` https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/107624#discussion_r1101555239

cc ``@oli-obk`` I think you're the const expert

``@rustbot`` modify labels: +T-libs-api +needs-fcp

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