Rollup merge of #99818 - aliemjay:fix-closure-normalize, r=jackh726

don't ICE when normalizing closure input tys

We were ICEing while rendering diagnostics because `universe_causes` is expected to track every universe created in the typeck's infcx.

`normalize_and_add_constraints` doesn't update `universe_causes`
when creating new universes, causing an ICE. Remove it!

Add spans to better track normalization constraints.

Fix couple places where `universe_causes` is not updated correctly to
track newly added universes.

Fixes #102800

~Fixess #99665~ (UPDATE: no longer true; the issue has a different failure path than when this PR was created and should be fixed by #101708, but the changes in this PR are still correct and should prevent potential future ICEs)

2 files changed, 135 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/test/ui/nll/closure-malformed-projection-input-issue-102800.rs b/src/test/ui/nll/closure-malformed-projection-input-issue-102800.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..25f47f5b6f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/ui/nll/closure-malformed-projection-input-issue-102800.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// Regression test for #102800
+//
+// Here we are generating higher-ranked region constraints when normalizing and relating closure
+// input types. Previously this was an ICE in the error path because we didn't register enough
+// diagnostic information to render the higher-ranked subtyping error.
+
+// check-fail
+
+trait Trait {
+    type Ty;
+}
+
+impl Trait for &'static () {
+    type Ty = ();
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    let _: for<'a> fn(<&'a () as Trait>::Ty) = |_| {};
+    //~^ ERROR lifetime may not live long enough
+    //~| ERROR higher-ranked subtype error
+    //~| ERROR higher-ranked subtype error
+    //~| ERROR implementation of `Trait` is not general enough
+    //~| ERROR implementation of `Trait` is not general enough
+    //~| ERROR implementation of `Trait` is not general enough
+    //~| ERROR implementation of `Trait` is not general enough
+    //~| ERROR implementation of `Trait` is not general enough
+    //~| ERROR implementation of `Trait` is not general enough
+    //~| ERROR implementation of `Trait` is not general enough
+    //~| ERROR implementation of `Trait` is not general enough
+    //~| ERROR implementation of `Trait` is not general enough
+}
diff --git a/src/test/ui/nll/closure-malformed-projection-input-issue-102800.stderr b/src/test/ui/nll/closure-malformed-projection-input-issue-102800.stderr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dbd5dabd1da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/ui/nll/closure-malformed-projection-input-issue-102800.stderr
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+error: lifetime may not live long enough
+  --> $DIR/closure-malformed-projection-input-issue-102800.rs:18:48
+   |
+LL |     let _: for<'a> fn(<&'a () as Trait>::Ty) = |_| {};
+   |                                                ^-^
+   |                                                ||
+   |                                                |has type `<&'1 () as Trait>::Ty`
+   |                                                requires that `'1` must outlive `'static`
+
+error: higher-ranked subtype error
+  --> $DIR/closure-malformed-projection-input-issue-102800.rs:18:48
+   |
+LL |     let _: for<'a> fn(<&'a () as Trait>::Ty) = |_| {};
+   |                                                ^^^
+
+error: higher-ranked subtype error
+  --> $DIR/closure-malformed-projection-input-issue-102800.rs:18:48
+   |
+LL |     let _: for<'a> fn(<&'a () as Trait>::Ty) = |_| {};
+   |                                                ^^^
+
+error: implementation of `Trait` is not general enough
+  --> $DIR/closure-malformed-projection-input-issue-102800.rs:18:48
+   |
+LL |     let _: for<'a> fn(<&'a () as Trait>::Ty) = |_| {};
+   |                                                ^^^^^^ implementation of `Trait` is not general enough
+   |
+   = note: `&'0 ()` must implement `Trait`, for any lifetime `'0`...
+   = note: ...but `Trait` is actually implemented for the type `&'static ()`
+
+error: implementation of `Trait` is not general enough
+  --> $DIR/closure-malformed-projection-input-issue-102800.rs:18:12
+   |
+LL |     let _: for<'a> fn(<&'a () as Trait>::Ty) = |_| {};
+   |            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ implementation of `Trait` is not general enough
+   |
+   = note: `&'0 ()` must implement `Trait`, for any lifetime `'0`...
+   = note: ...but `Trait` is actually implemented for the type `&'static ()`
+
+error: implementation of `Trait` is not general enough
+  --> $DIR/closure-malformed-projection-input-issue-102800.rs:18:12
+   |
+LL |     let _: for<'a> fn(<&'a () as Trait>::Ty) = |_| {};
+   |            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ implementation of `Trait` is not general enough
+   |
+   = note: `&'0 ()` must implement `Trait`, for any lifetime `'0`...
+   = note: ...but `Trait` is actually implemented for the type `&'static ()`
+
+error: implementation of `Trait` is not general enough
+  --> $DIR/closure-malformed-projection-input-issue-102800.rs:18:12
+   |
+LL |     let _: for<'a> fn(<&'a () as Trait>::Ty) = |_| {};
+   |            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ implementation of `Trait` is not general enough
+   |
+   = note: `&'0 ()` must implement `Trait`, for any lifetime `'0`...
+   = note: ...but `Trait` is actually implemented for the type `&'static ()`
+
+error: implementation of `Trait` is not general enough
+  --> $DIR/closure-malformed-projection-input-issue-102800.rs:18:12
+   |
+LL |     let _: for<'a> fn(<&'a () as Trait>::Ty) = |_| {};
+   |            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ implementation of `Trait` is not general enough
+   |
+   = note: `&'0 ()` must implement `Trait`, for any lifetime `'0`...
+   = note: ...but `Trait` is actually implemented for the type `&'static ()`
+
+error: implementation of `Trait` is not general enough
+  --> $DIR/closure-malformed-projection-input-issue-102800.rs:18:48
+   |
+LL |     let _: for<'a> fn(<&'a () as Trait>::Ty) = |_| {};
+   |                                                ^^^^^^ implementation of `Trait` is not general enough
+   |
+   = note: `&'0 ()` must implement `Trait`, for any lifetime `'0`...
+   = note: ...but `Trait` is actually implemented for the type `&'static ()`
+
+error: implementation of `Trait` is not general enough
+  --> $DIR/closure-malformed-projection-input-issue-102800.rs:18:48
+   |
+LL |     let _: for<'a> fn(<&'a () as Trait>::Ty) = |_| {};
+   |                                                ^^^^^^ implementation of `Trait` is not general enough
+   |
+   = note: `&'0 ()` must implement `Trait`, for any lifetime `'0`...
+   = note: ...but `Trait` is actually implemented for the type `&'static ()`
+
+error: implementation of `Trait` is not general enough
+  --> $DIR/closure-malformed-projection-input-issue-102800.rs:18:48
+   |
+LL |     let _: for<'a> fn(<&'a () as Trait>::Ty) = |_| {};
+   |                                                ^^^^^^ implementation of `Trait` is not general enough
+   |
+   = note: `&'0 ()` must implement `Trait`, for any lifetime `'0`...
+   = note: ...but `Trait` is actually implemented for the type `&'static ()`
+
+error: implementation of `Trait` is not general enough
+  --> $DIR/closure-malformed-projection-input-issue-102800.rs:18:48
+   |
+LL |     let _: for<'a> fn(<&'a () as Trait>::Ty) = |_| {};
+   |                                                ^^^^^^ implementation of `Trait` is not general enough
+   |
+   = note: `&'0 ()` must implement `Trait`, for any lifetime `'0`...
+   = note: ...but `Trait` is actually implemented for the type `&'static ()`
+
+error: aborting due to 12 previous errors
+