Rollup merge of #146342 - folkertdev:c-variadic-errors-take-3, r=workingjubilee

Improve C-variadic error messages: part 2

tracking issue: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/44930

a reimplementation of https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/143546 that builds on https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/146165.

This PR

- disallows coroutines (e.g. `async fn`) from having a `...` argument
- disallows associated functions (both in traits and standard impl blocks) from having a `...` argument
- splits up a generic "ill-formed C-variadic function" into specific errors about using an incorrect ABI, not specifying an ABI, or missing the unsafe keyword

C-variadic coroutines probably don't make sense? C-variadic functions are for FFI purposes, combining that with async functions seems weird.

For associated functions, we're just cutting scope. It's probably fine, but it's probably better to explicitly allow it. So for now, at least give a more targeted error message.

Made to be reviewed commit-by-commit.

cc `@workingjubilee`
r? compiler

2 files changed, 111 insertions, 64 deletions

diff --git a/tests/ui/parser/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs b/tests/ui/parser/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs
index 243924e6c53..4db056f15a5 100644
--- a/tests/ui/parser/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs
+++ b/tests/ui/parser/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs
@@ -4,25 +4,28 @@
 fn main() {}
 
 fn f1_1(x: isize, ...) {}
-//~^ ERROR defining functions with C-variadic arguments is only allowed for free functions with the "C" or "C-unwind" calling convention
+//~^ ERROR `...` is not supported for non-extern functions
 
 fn f1_2(...) {}
-//~^ ERROR defining functions with C-variadic arguments is only allowed for free functions with the "C" or "C-unwind" calling convention
+//~^ ERROR `...` is not supported for non-extern functions
+
+unsafe extern "Rust" fn f1_3(...) {}
+//~^ ERROR `...` is not supported for `extern "Rust"` functions
 
 extern "C" fn f2_1(x: isize, ...) {}
-//~^ ERROR defining functions with C-variadic arguments is only allowed for free functions with the "C" or "C-unwind" calling convention
+//~^ ERROR functions with a C variable argument list must be unsafe
 
 extern "C" fn f2_2(...) {}
-//~^ ERROR defining functions with C-variadic arguments is only allowed for free functions with the "C" or "C-unwind" calling convention
+//~^ ERROR functions with a C variable argument list must be unsafe
 
 extern "C" fn f2_3(..., x: isize) {}
 //~^ ERROR `...` must be the last argument of a C-variadic function
 
 extern "C" fn f3_1(x: isize, ...) {}
-//~^ ERROR defining functions with C-variadic arguments is only allowed for free functions with the "C" or "C-unwind" calling convention
+//~^ ERROR functions with a C variable argument list must be unsafe
 
 extern "C" fn f3_2(...) {}
-//~^ ERROR defining functions with C-variadic arguments is only allowed for free functions with the "C" or "C-unwind" calling convention
+//~^ ERROR functions with a C variable argument list must be unsafe
 
 extern "C" fn f3_3(..., x: isize) {}
 //~^ ERROR `...` must be the last argument of a C-variadic function
@@ -33,12 +36,12 @@ const unsafe extern "C" fn f4_1(x: isize, ...) {}
 
 const extern "C" fn f4_2(x: isize, ...) {}
 //~^ ERROR functions cannot be both `const` and C-variadic
-//~| ERROR defining functions with C-variadic arguments is only allowed for free functions with the "C" or "C-unwind" calling convention
+//~| ERROR functions with a C variable argument list must be unsafe
 //~| ERROR destructor of `VaListImpl<'_>` cannot be evaluated at compile-time
 
 const extern "C" fn f4_3(..., x: isize, ...) {}
 //~^ ERROR functions cannot be both `const` and C-variadic
-//~| ERROR defining functions with C-variadic arguments is only allowed for free functions with the "C" or "C-unwind" calling convention
+//~| ERROR functions with a C variable argument list must be unsafe
 //~| ERROR `...` must be the last argument of a C-variadic function
 
 extern "C" {
@@ -50,30 +53,30 @@ struct X;
 
 impl X {
     fn i_f1(x: isize, ...) {}
-    //~^ ERROR defining functions with C-variadic arguments is only allowed for free functions with the "C" or "C-unwind" calling convention
+    //~^ ERROR associated functions cannot have a C variable argument list
     fn i_f2(...) {}
-    //~^ ERROR defining functions with C-variadic arguments is only allowed for free functions with the "C" or "C-unwind" calling convention
+    //~^ ERROR associated functions cannot have a C variable argument list
     fn i_f3(..., x: isize, ...) {}
-    //~^ ERROR defining functions with C-variadic arguments is only allowed for free functions with the "C" or "C-unwind" calling convention
+    //~^ ERROR associated functions cannot have a C variable argument list
     //~| ERROR `...` must be the last argument of a C-variadic function
     fn i_f4(..., x: isize, ...) {}
-    //~^ ERROR defining functions with C-variadic arguments is only allowed for free functions with the "C" or "C-unwind" calling convention
+    //~^ ERROR associated functions cannot have a C variable argument list
     //~| ERROR `...` must be the last argument of a C-variadic function
     const fn i_f5(x: isize, ...) {}
-    //~^ ERROR defining functions with C-variadic arguments is only allowed for free functions with the "C" or "C-unwind" calling convention
+    //~^ ERROR associated functions cannot have a C variable argument list
     //~| ERROR functions cannot be both `const` and C-variadic
     //~| ERROR destructor of `VaListImpl<'_>` cannot be evaluated at compile-time
 }
 
 trait T {
     fn t_f1(x: isize, ...) {}
-    //~^ ERROR defining functions with C-variadic arguments is only allowed for free functions with the "C" or "C-unwind" calling convention
+    //~^ ERROR associated functions cannot have a C variable argument list
     fn t_f2(x: isize, ...);
-    //~^ ERROR defining functions with C-variadic arguments is only allowed for free functions with the "C" or "C-unwind" calling convention
+    //~^ ERROR associated functions cannot have a C variable argument list
     fn t_f3(...) {}
-    //~^ ERROR defining functions with C-variadic arguments is only allowed for free functions with the "C" or "C-unwind" calling convention
+    //~^ ERROR associated functions cannot have a C variable argument list
     fn t_f4(...);
-    //~^ ERROR defining functions with C-variadic arguments is only allowed for free functions with the "C" or "C-unwind" calling convention
+    //~^ ERROR associated functions cannot have a C variable argument list
     fn t_f5(..., x: isize) {}
     //~^ ERROR `...` must be the last argument of a C-variadic function
     fn t_f6(..., x: isize);
diff --git a/tests/ui/parser/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.stderr b/tests/ui/parser/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.stderr
index 5c55cc38b56..0cd78318de6 100644
--- a/tests/ui/parser/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.stderr
+++ b/tests/ui/parser/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.stderr
@@ -1,181 +1,225 @@
-error: defining functions with C-variadic arguments is only allowed for free functions with the "C" or "C-unwind" calling convention
+error: `...` is not supported for non-extern functions
   --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:6:19
    |
 LL | fn f1_1(x: isize, ...) {}
    |                   ^^^
+   |
+   = help: only `extern "C"` and `extern "C-unwind"` functions may have a C variable argument list
 
-error: defining functions with C-variadic arguments is only allowed for free functions with the "C" or "C-unwind" calling convention
+error: `...` is not supported for non-extern functions
   --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:9:9
    |
 LL | fn f1_2(...) {}
    |         ^^^
+   |
+   = help: only `extern "C"` and `extern "C-unwind"` functions may have a C variable argument list
 
-error: defining functions with C-variadic arguments is only allowed for free functions with the "C" or "C-unwind" calling convention
+error: `...` is not supported for `extern "Rust"` functions
   --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:12:30
    |
+LL | unsafe extern "Rust" fn f1_3(...) {}
+   |        -------------         ^^^
+   |        |
+   |        `extern "Rust"` because of this
+   |
+   = help: only `extern "C"` and `extern "C-unwind"` functions may have a C variable argument list
+
+error: functions with a C variable argument list must be unsafe
+  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:15:30
+   |
 LL | extern "C" fn f2_1(x: isize, ...) {}
    |                              ^^^
+   |
+help: add the `unsafe` keyword to this definition
+   |
+LL | unsafe extern "C" fn f2_1(x: isize, ...) {}
+   | ++++++
 
-error: defining functions with C-variadic arguments is only allowed for free functions with the "C" or "C-unwind" calling convention
-  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:15:20
+error: functions with a C variable argument list must be unsafe
+  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:18:20
    |
 LL | extern "C" fn f2_2(...) {}
    |                    ^^^
+   |
+help: add the `unsafe` keyword to this definition
+   |
+LL | unsafe extern "C" fn f2_2(...) {}
+   | ++++++
 
 error: `...` must be the last argument of a C-variadic function
-  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:18:20
+  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:21:20
    |
 LL | extern "C" fn f2_3(..., x: isize) {}
    |                    ^^^
 
-error: defining functions with C-variadic arguments is only allowed for free functions with the "C" or "C-unwind" calling convention
-  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:21:30
+error: functions with a C variable argument list must be unsafe
+  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:24:30
    |
 LL | extern "C" fn f3_1(x: isize, ...) {}
    |                              ^^^
+   |
+help: add the `unsafe` keyword to this definition
+   |
+LL | unsafe extern "C" fn f3_1(x: isize, ...) {}
+   | ++++++
 
-error: defining functions with C-variadic arguments is only allowed for free functions with the "C" or "C-unwind" calling convention
-  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:24:20
+error: functions with a C variable argument list must be unsafe
+  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:27:20
    |
 LL | extern "C" fn f3_2(...) {}
    |                    ^^^
+   |
+help: add the `unsafe` keyword to this definition
+   |
+LL | unsafe extern "C" fn f3_2(...) {}
+   | ++++++
 
 error: `...` must be the last argument of a C-variadic function
-  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:27:20
+  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:30:20
    |
 LL | extern "C" fn f3_3(..., x: isize) {}
    |                    ^^^
 
 error: functions cannot be both `const` and C-variadic
-  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:30:1
+  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:33:1
    |
 LL | const unsafe extern "C" fn f4_1(x: isize, ...) {}
    | ^^^^^ `const` because of this             ^^^ C-variadic because of this
 
 error: functions cannot be both `const` and C-variadic
-  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:34:1
+  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:37:1
    |
 LL | const extern "C" fn f4_2(x: isize, ...) {}
    | ^^^^^ `const` because of this      ^^^ C-variadic because of this
 
-error: defining functions with C-variadic arguments is only allowed for free functions with the "C" or "C-unwind" calling convention
-  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:34:36
+error: functions with a C variable argument list must be unsafe
+  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:37:36
    |
 LL | const extern "C" fn f4_2(x: isize, ...) {}
    |                                    ^^^
+   |
+help: add the `unsafe` keyword to this definition
+   |
+LL | const unsafe extern "C" fn f4_2(x: isize, ...) {}
+   |       ++++++
 
 error: `...` must be the last argument of a C-variadic function
-  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:39:26
+  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:42:26
    |
 LL | const extern "C" fn f4_3(..., x: isize, ...) {}
    |                          ^^^
 
 error: functions cannot be both `const` and C-variadic
-  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:39:1
+  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:42:1
    |
 LL | const extern "C" fn f4_3(..., x: isize, ...) {}
    | ^^^^^ `const` because of this           ^^^ C-variadic because of this
 
-error: defining functions with C-variadic arguments is only allowed for free functions with the "C" or "C-unwind" calling convention
-  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:39:41
+error: functions with a C variable argument list must be unsafe
+  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:42:41
    |
 LL | const extern "C" fn f4_3(..., x: isize, ...) {}
    |                                         ^^^
+   |
+help: add the `unsafe` keyword to this definition
+   |
+LL | const unsafe extern "C" fn f4_3(..., x: isize, ...) {}
+   |       ++++++
 
 error: `...` must be the last argument of a C-variadic function
-  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:45:13
+  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:48:13
    |
 LL |     fn e_f2(..., x: isize);
    |             ^^^
 
-error: defining functions with C-variadic arguments is only allowed for free functions with the "C" or "C-unwind" calling convention
-  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:52:23
+error: associated functions cannot have a C variable argument list
+  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:55:23
    |
 LL |     fn i_f1(x: isize, ...) {}
    |                       ^^^
 
-error: defining functions with C-variadic arguments is only allowed for free functions with the "C" or "C-unwind" calling convention
-  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:54:13
+error: associated functions cannot have a C variable argument list
+  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:57:13
    |
 LL |     fn i_f2(...) {}
    |             ^^^
 
 error: `...` must be the last argument of a C-variadic function
-  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:56:13
+  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:59:13
    |
 LL |     fn i_f3(..., x: isize, ...) {}
    |             ^^^
 
-error: defining functions with C-variadic arguments is only allowed for free functions with the "C" or "C-unwind" calling convention
-  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:56:28
+error: associated functions cannot have a C variable argument list
+  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:59:28
    |
 LL |     fn i_f3(..., x: isize, ...) {}
    |                            ^^^
 
 error: `...` must be the last argument of a C-variadic function
-  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:59:13
+  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:62:13
    |
 LL |     fn i_f4(..., x: isize, ...) {}
    |             ^^^
 
-error: defining functions with C-variadic arguments is only allowed for free functions with the "C" or "C-unwind" calling convention
-  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:59:28
+error: associated functions cannot have a C variable argument list
+  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:62:28
    |
 LL |     fn i_f4(..., x: isize, ...) {}
    |                            ^^^
 
 error: functions cannot be both `const` and C-variadic
-  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:62:5
+  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:65:5
    |
 LL |     const fn i_f5(x: isize, ...) {}
    |     ^^^^^                   ^^^ C-variadic because of this
    |     |
    |     `const` because of this
 
-error: defining functions with C-variadic arguments is only allowed for free functions with the "C" or "C-unwind" calling convention
-  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:62:29
+error: associated functions cannot have a C variable argument list
+  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:65:29
    |
 LL |     const fn i_f5(x: isize, ...) {}
    |                             ^^^
 
-error: defining functions with C-variadic arguments is only allowed for free functions with the "C" or "C-unwind" calling convention
-  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:69:23
+error: associated functions cannot have a C variable argument list
+  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:72:23
    |
 LL |     fn t_f1(x: isize, ...) {}
    |                       ^^^
 
-error: defining functions with C-variadic arguments is only allowed for free functions with the "C" or "C-unwind" calling convention
-  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:71:23
+error: associated functions cannot have a C variable argument list
+  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:74:23
    |
 LL |     fn t_f2(x: isize, ...);
    |                       ^^^
 
-error: defining functions with C-variadic arguments is only allowed for free functions with the "C" or "C-unwind" calling convention
-  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:73:13
+error: associated functions cannot have a C variable argument list
+  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:76:13
    |
 LL |     fn t_f3(...) {}
    |             ^^^
 
-error: defining functions with C-variadic arguments is only allowed for free functions with the "C" or "C-unwind" calling convention
-  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:75:13
+error: associated functions cannot have a C variable argument list
+  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:78:13
    |
 LL |     fn t_f4(...);
    |             ^^^
 
 error: `...` must be the last argument of a C-variadic function
-  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:77:13
+  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:80:13
    |
 LL |     fn t_f5(..., x: isize) {}
    |             ^^^
 
 error: `...` must be the last argument of a C-variadic function
-  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:79:13
+  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:82:13
    |
 LL |     fn t_f6(..., x: isize);
    |             ^^^
 
 error[E0493]: destructor of `VaListImpl<'_>` cannot be evaluated at compile-time
-  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:30:43
+  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:33:43
    |
 LL | const unsafe extern "C" fn f4_1(x: isize, ...) {}
    |                                           ^^^   - value is dropped here
@@ -183,7 +227,7 @@ LL | const unsafe extern "C" fn f4_1(x: isize, ...) {}
    |                                           the destructor for this type cannot be evaluated in constant functions
 
 error[E0493]: destructor of `VaListImpl<'_>` cannot be evaluated at compile-time
-  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:34:36
+  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:37:36
    |
 LL | const extern "C" fn f4_2(x: isize, ...) {}
    |                                    ^^^   - value is dropped here
@@ -191,13 +235,13 @@ LL | const extern "C" fn f4_2(x: isize, ...) {}
    |                                    the destructor for this type cannot be evaluated in constant functions
 
 error[E0493]: destructor of `VaListImpl<'_>` cannot be evaluated at compile-time
-  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:62:29
+  --> $DIR/variadic-ffi-semantic-restrictions.rs:65:29
    |
 LL |     const fn i_f5(x: isize, ...) {}
    |                             ^^^   - value is dropped here
    |                             |
    |                             the destructor for this type cannot be evaluated in constant functions
 
-error: aborting due to 32 previous errors
+error: aborting due to 33 previous errors
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0493`.