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-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_interface/src/passes.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/arena.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/erase.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs10
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context.rs15
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/eval_ctxt/canonical.rs47
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/eval_ctxt/mod.rs151
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/inspect/build.rs399
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/mod.rs11
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/search_graph.rs14
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve.rs16
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/inspect/analyse.rs18
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/interner.rs11
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/search_graph/mod.rs42
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/solve/inspect.rs29
15 files changed, 331 insertions, 441 deletions
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/passes.rs b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/passes.rs
index bc5ef04079e..ca8c10311fb 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/passes.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/passes.rs
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ use rustc_span::{
     Symbol, sym,
 };
 use rustc_target::spec::PanicStrategy;
-use rustc_trait_selection::traits;
+use rustc_trait_selection::{solve, traits};
 use tracing::{info, instrument};
 
 use crate::interface::Compiler;
@@ -895,6 +895,7 @@ pub static DEFAULT_QUERY_PROVIDERS: LazyLock<Providers> = LazyLock::new(|| {
     rustc_hir_typeck::provide(providers);
     ty::provide(providers);
     traits::provide(providers);
+    solve::provide(providers);
     rustc_passes::provide(providers);
     rustc_traits::provide(providers);
     rustc_ty_utils::provide(providers);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/arena.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/arena.rs
index 4b6e38cd52d..52fbe19c9f2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/arena.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/arena.rs
@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@ macro_rules! arena_types {
                 rustc_middle::infer::canonical::Canonical<'tcx,
                     rustc_middle::infer::canonical::QueryResponse<'tcx, rustc_middle::ty::Ty<'tcx>>
                 >,
+            [] inspect_probe: rustc_middle::traits::solve::inspect::Probe<rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt<'tcx>>,
             [] effective_visibilities: rustc_middle::middle::privacy::EffectiveVisibilities,
             [] upvars_mentioned: rustc_data_structures::fx::FxIndexMap<rustc_hir::HirId, rustc_hir::Upvar>,
             [] dyn_compatibility_violations: rustc_middle::traits::DynCompatibilityViolation,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/erase.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/erase.rs
index ea62461ebeb..bea2191c560 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/erase.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/erase.rs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ use rustc_span::ErrorGuaranteed;
 
 use crate::mir::interpret::EvalToValTreeResult;
 use crate::query::CyclePlaceholder;
+use crate::traits::solve;
 use crate::ty::adjustment::CoerceUnsizedInfo;
 use crate::ty::{self, Ty, TyCtxt};
 use crate::{mir, traits};
@@ -219,6 +220,10 @@ impl<T0, T1> EraseType for (&'_ T0, &'_ T1) {
     type Result = [u8; size_of::<(&'static (), &'static ())>()];
 }
 
+impl<T0> EraseType for (solve::QueryResult<'_>, &'_ T0) {
+    type Result = [u8; size_of::<(solve::QueryResult<'static>, &'static ())>()];
+}
+
 impl<T0, T1> EraseType for (&'_ T0, &'_ [T1]) {
     type Result = [u8; size_of::<(&'static (), &'static [()])>()];
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs
index 8ce70f75c67..874cee54c7c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ use crate::traits::query::{
 };
 use crate::traits::{
     CodegenObligationError, DynCompatibilityViolation, EvaluationResult, ImplSource,
-    ObligationCause, OverflowError, WellFormedLoc, specialization_graph,
+    ObligationCause, OverflowError, WellFormedLoc, solve, specialization_graph,
 };
 use crate::ty::fast_reject::SimplifiedType;
 use crate::ty::layout::ValidityRequirement;
@@ -2563,6 +2563,14 @@ rustc_queries! {
         desc { "computing autoderef types for `{}`", goal.canonical.value.value }
     }
 
+    /// Used by `-Znext-solver` to compute proof trees.
+    query evaluate_root_goal_for_proof_tree_raw(
+        goal: solve::CanonicalInput<'tcx>,
+    ) -> (solve::QueryResult<'tcx>, &'tcx solve::inspect::Probe<TyCtxt<'tcx>>) {
+        no_hash
+        desc { "computing proof tree for `{}`", goal.canonical.value.goal.predicate }
+    }
+
     /// Returns the Rust target features for the current target. These are not always the same as LLVM target features!
     query rust_target_features(_: CrateNum) -> &'tcx UnordMap<String, rustc_target::target_features::Stability> {
         arena_cache
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context.rs
index 5dbbc7297ab..72ab6ac612c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context.rs
@@ -72,9 +72,9 @@ use crate::query::plumbing::QuerySystem;
 use crate::query::{IntoQueryParam, LocalCrate, Providers, TyCtxtAt};
 use crate::thir::Thir;
 use crate::traits;
-use crate::traits::solve;
 use crate::traits::solve::{
-    ExternalConstraints, ExternalConstraintsData, PredefinedOpaques, PredefinedOpaquesData,
+    self, CanonicalInput, ExternalConstraints, ExternalConstraintsData, PredefinedOpaques,
+    PredefinedOpaquesData, QueryResult, inspect,
 };
 use crate::ty::predicate::ExistentialPredicateStableCmpExt as _;
 use crate::ty::{
@@ -737,6 +737,17 @@ impl<'tcx> Interner for TyCtxt<'tcx> {
             self.opaque_types_defined_by(defining_anchor).iter().chain(coroutines_defined_by),
         )
     }
+
+    type ProbeRef = &'tcx inspect::Probe<TyCtxt<'tcx>>;
+    fn mk_probe_ref(self, probe: inspect::Probe<Self>) -> &'tcx inspect::Probe<TyCtxt<'tcx>> {
+        self.arena.alloc(probe)
+    }
+    fn evaluate_root_goal_for_proof_tree_raw(
+        self,
+        canonical_goal: CanonicalInput<'tcx>,
+    ) -> (QueryResult<'tcx>, &'tcx inspect::Probe<TyCtxt<'tcx>>) {
+        self.evaluate_root_goal_for_proof_tree_raw(canonical_goal)
+    }
 }
 
 macro_rules! bidirectional_lang_item_map {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/eval_ctxt/canonical.rs b/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/eval_ctxt/canonical.rs
index 4644b145b18..6f9f4067384 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/eval_ctxt/canonical.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/eval_ctxt/canonical.rs
@@ -56,22 +56,23 @@ where
     ///
     /// This expects `goal` and `opaque_types` to be eager resolved.
     pub(super) fn canonicalize_goal(
-        &self,
+        delegate: &D,
         goal: Goal<I, I::Predicate>,
         opaque_types: Vec<(ty::OpaqueTypeKey<I>, I::Ty)>,
     ) -> (Vec<I::GenericArg>, CanonicalInput<I, I::Predicate>) {
         let mut orig_values = Default::default();
         let canonical = Canonicalizer::canonicalize_input(
-            self.delegate,
+            delegate,
             &mut orig_values,
             QueryInput {
                 goal,
-                predefined_opaques_in_body: self
+                predefined_opaques_in_body: delegate
                     .cx()
                     .mk_predefined_opaques_in_body(PredefinedOpaquesData { opaque_types }),
             },
         );
-        let query_input = ty::CanonicalQueryInput { canonical, typing_mode: self.typing_mode() };
+        let query_input =
+            ty::CanonicalQueryInput { canonical, typing_mode: delegate.typing_mode() };
         (orig_values, query_input)
     }
 
@@ -271,28 +272,23 @@ where
     /// - we apply the `external_constraints` returned by the query, returning
     ///   the `normalization_nested_goals`
     pub(super) fn instantiate_and_apply_query_response(
-        &mut self,
+        delegate: &D,
         param_env: I::ParamEnv,
         original_values: &[I::GenericArg],
         response: CanonicalResponse<I>,
+        span: I::Span,
     ) -> (NestedNormalizationGoals<I>, Certainty) {
         let instantiation = Self::compute_query_response_instantiation_values(
-            self.delegate,
+            delegate,
             &original_values,
             &response,
-            self.origin_span,
+            span,
         );
 
         let Response { var_values, external_constraints, certainty } =
-            self.delegate.instantiate_canonical(response, instantiation);
+            delegate.instantiate_canonical(response, instantiation);
 
-        Self::unify_query_var_values(
-            self.delegate,
-            param_env,
-            &original_values,
-            var_values,
-            self.origin_span,
-        );
+        Self::unify_query_var_values(delegate, param_env, &original_values, var_values, span);
 
         let ExternalConstraintsData {
             region_constraints,
@@ -300,8 +296,8 @@ where
             normalization_nested_goals,
         } = &*external_constraints;
 
-        self.register_region_constraints(region_constraints);
-        self.register_new_opaque_types(opaque_types);
+        Self::register_region_constraints(delegate, region_constraints, span);
+        Self::register_new_opaque_types(delegate, opaque_types, span);
 
         (normalization_nested_goals.clone(), certainty)
     }
@@ -424,21 +420,26 @@ where
     }
 
     fn register_region_constraints(
-        &mut self,
+        delegate: &D,
         outlives: &[ty::OutlivesPredicate<I, I::GenericArg>],
+        span: I::Span,
     ) {
         for &ty::OutlivesPredicate(lhs, rhs) in outlives {
             match lhs.kind() {
-                ty::GenericArgKind::Lifetime(lhs) => self.register_region_outlives(lhs, rhs),
-                ty::GenericArgKind::Type(lhs) => self.register_ty_outlives(lhs, rhs),
+                ty::GenericArgKind::Lifetime(lhs) => delegate.sub_regions(rhs, lhs, span),
+                ty::GenericArgKind::Type(lhs) => delegate.register_ty_outlives(lhs, rhs, span),
                 ty::GenericArgKind::Const(_) => panic!("const outlives: {lhs:?}: {rhs:?}"),
             }
         }
     }
 
-    fn register_new_opaque_types(&mut self, opaque_types: &[(ty::OpaqueTypeKey<I>, I::Ty)]) {
+    fn register_new_opaque_types(
+        delegate: &D,
+        opaque_types: &[(ty::OpaqueTypeKey<I>, I::Ty)],
+        span: I::Span,
+    ) {
         for &(key, ty) in opaque_types {
-            let prev = self.delegate.register_hidden_type_in_storage(key, ty, self.origin_span);
+            let prev = delegate.register_hidden_type_in_storage(key, ty, span);
             // We eagerly resolve inference variables when computing the query response.
             // This can cause previously distinct opaque type keys to now be structurally equal.
             //
@@ -447,7 +448,7 @@ where
             // types here. However, doing so is difficult as it may result in nested goals and
             // any errors may make it harder to track the control flow for diagnostics.
             if let Some(prev) = prev {
-                self.delegate.add_duplicate_opaque_type(key, prev, self.origin_span);
+                delegate.add_duplicate_opaque_type(key, prev, span);
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/eval_ctxt/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/eval_ctxt/mod.rs
index 4f87902e46e..31106a74527 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/eval_ctxt/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/eval_ctxt/mod.rs
@@ -20,13 +20,12 @@ use crate::coherence;
 use crate::delegate::SolverDelegate;
 use crate::placeholder::BoundVarReplacer;
 use crate::resolve::eager_resolve_vars;
-use crate::solve::inspect::{self, ProofTreeBuilder};
 use crate::solve::search_graph::SearchGraph;
 use crate::solve::ty::may_use_unstable_feature;
 use crate::solve::{
-    CanonicalInput, Certainty, FIXPOINT_STEP_LIMIT, Goal, GoalEvaluation, GoalEvaluationKind,
-    GoalSource, GoalStalledOn, HasChanged, NestedNormalizationGoals, NoSolution, QueryInput,
-    QueryResult,
+    CanonicalInput, Certainty, FIXPOINT_STEP_LIMIT, Goal, GoalEvaluation, GoalSource,
+    GoalStalledOn, HasChanged, NestedNormalizationGoals, NoSolution, QueryInput, QueryResult,
+    inspect,
 };
 
 pub(super) mod canonical;
@@ -130,7 +129,7 @@ where
     // evaluation code.
     tainted: Result<(), NoSolution>,
 
-    pub(super) inspect: ProofTreeBuilder<D>,
+    pub(super) inspect: inspect::EvaluationStepBuilder<D>,
 }
 
 #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Hash, Clone, Copy)]
@@ -172,10 +171,7 @@ pub trait SolverDelegateEvalExt: SolverDelegate {
         goal: Goal<Self::Interner, <Self::Interner as Interner>::Predicate>,
         span: <Self::Interner as Interner>::Span,
     ) -> (
-        Result<
-            (NestedNormalizationGoals<Self::Interner>, GoalEvaluation<Self::Interner>),
-            NoSolution,
-        >,
+        Result<NestedNormalizationGoals<Self::Interner>, NoSolution>,
         inspect::GoalEvaluation<Self::Interner>,
     );
 }
@@ -192,14 +188,9 @@ where
         span: I::Span,
         stalled_on: Option<GoalStalledOn<I>>,
     ) -> Result<GoalEvaluation<I>, NoSolution> {
-        EvalCtxt::enter_root(
-            self,
-            self.cx().recursion_limit(),
-            GenerateProofTree::No,
-            span,
-            |ecx| ecx.evaluate_goal(GoalEvaluationKind::Root, GoalSource::Misc, goal, stalled_on),
-        )
-        .0
+        EvalCtxt::enter_root(self, self.cx().recursion_limit(), span, |ecx| {
+            ecx.evaluate_goal(GoalSource::Misc, goal, stalled_on)
+        })
     }
 
     fn root_goal_may_hold_with_depth(
@@ -208,10 +199,9 @@ where
         goal: Goal<Self::Interner, <Self::Interner as Interner>::Predicate>,
     ) -> bool {
         self.probe(|| {
-            EvalCtxt::enter_root(self, root_depth, GenerateProofTree::No, I::Span::dummy(), |ecx| {
-                ecx.evaluate_goal(GoalEvaluationKind::Root, GoalSource::Misc, goal, None)
+            EvalCtxt::enter_root(self, root_depth, I::Span::dummy(), |ecx| {
+                ecx.evaluate_goal(GoalSource::Misc, goal, None)
             })
-            .0
         })
         .is_ok()
     }
@@ -221,18 +211,8 @@ where
         &self,
         goal: Goal<I, I::Predicate>,
         span: I::Span,
-    ) -> (
-        Result<(NestedNormalizationGoals<I>, GoalEvaluation<I>), NoSolution>,
-        inspect::GoalEvaluation<I>,
-    ) {
-        let (result, proof_tree) = EvalCtxt::enter_root(
-            self,
-            self.cx().recursion_limit(),
-            GenerateProofTree::Yes,
-            span,
-            |ecx| ecx.evaluate_goal_raw(GoalEvaluationKind::Root, GoalSource::Misc, goal, None),
-        );
-        (result, proof_tree.unwrap())
+    ) -> (Result<NestedNormalizationGoals<I>, NoSolution>, inspect::GoalEvaluation<I>) {
+        evaluate_root_goal_for_proof_tree(self, goal, span)
     }
 }
 
@@ -301,17 +281,16 @@ where
     pub(super) fn enter_root<R>(
         delegate: &D,
         root_depth: usize,
-        generate_proof_tree: GenerateProofTree,
         origin_span: I::Span,
         f: impl FnOnce(&mut EvalCtxt<'_, D>) -> R,
-    ) -> (R, Option<inspect::GoalEvaluation<I>>) {
+    ) -> R {
         let mut search_graph = SearchGraph::new(root_depth);
 
         let mut ecx = EvalCtxt {
             delegate,
             search_graph: &mut search_graph,
             nested_goals: Default::default(),
-            inspect: ProofTreeBuilder::new_maybe_root(generate_proof_tree),
+            inspect: inspect::EvaluationStepBuilder::new_noop(),
 
             // Only relevant when canonicalizing the response,
             // which we don't do within this evaluation context.
@@ -324,15 +303,12 @@ where
             tainted: Ok(()),
         };
         let result = f(&mut ecx);
-
-        let proof_tree = ecx.inspect.finalize();
         assert!(
             ecx.nested_goals.is_empty(),
             "root `EvalCtxt` should not have any goals added to it"
         );
-
         assert!(search_graph.is_empty());
-        (result, proof_tree)
+        result
     }
 
     /// Creates a nested evaluation context that shares the same search graph as the
@@ -346,11 +322,10 @@ where
         cx: I,
         search_graph: &'a mut SearchGraph<D>,
         canonical_input: CanonicalInput<I>,
-        canonical_goal_evaluation: &mut ProofTreeBuilder<D>,
+        proof_tree_builder: &mut inspect::ProofTreeBuilder<D>,
         f: impl FnOnce(&mut EvalCtxt<'_, D>, Goal<I, I::Predicate>) -> R,
     ) -> R {
         let (ref delegate, input, var_values) = D::build_with_canonical(cx, &canonical_input);
-
         for &(key, ty) in &input.predefined_opaques_in_body.opaque_types {
             let prev = delegate.register_hidden_type_in_storage(key, ty, I::Span::dummy());
             // It may be possible that two entries in the opaque type storage end up
@@ -381,12 +356,12 @@ where
             nested_goals: Default::default(),
             origin_span: I::Span::dummy(),
             tainted: Ok(()),
-            inspect: canonical_goal_evaluation.new_goal_evaluation_step(var_values),
+            inspect: proof_tree_builder.new_evaluation_step(var_values),
         };
 
         let result = f(&mut ecx, input.goal);
         ecx.inspect.probe_final_state(ecx.delegate, ecx.max_input_universe);
-        canonical_goal_evaluation.goal_evaluation_step(ecx.inspect);
+        proof_tree_builder.finish_evaluation_step(ecx.inspect);
 
         // When creating a query response we clone the opaque type constraints
         // instead of taking them. This would cause an ICE here, since we have
@@ -406,13 +381,12 @@ where
     /// been constrained and the certainty of the result.
     fn evaluate_goal(
         &mut self,
-        goal_evaluation_kind: GoalEvaluationKind,
         source: GoalSource,
         goal: Goal<I, I::Predicate>,
         stalled_on: Option<GoalStalledOn<I>>,
     ) -> Result<GoalEvaluation<I>, NoSolution> {
         let (normalization_nested_goals, goal_evaluation) =
-            self.evaluate_goal_raw(goal_evaluation_kind, source, goal, stalled_on)?;
+            self.evaluate_goal_raw(source, goal, stalled_on)?;
         assert!(normalization_nested_goals.is_empty());
         Ok(goal_evaluation)
     }
@@ -426,7 +400,6 @@ where
     /// storage.
     pub(super) fn evaluate_goal_raw(
         &mut self,
-        goal_evaluation_kind: GoalEvaluationKind,
         source: GoalSource,
         goal: Goal<I, I::Predicate>,
         stalled_on: Option<GoalStalledOn<I>>,
@@ -458,17 +431,14 @@ where
         let opaque_types = self.delegate.clone_opaque_types_lookup_table();
         let (goal, opaque_types) = eager_resolve_vars(self.delegate, (goal, opaque_types));
 
-        let (orig_values, canonical_goal) = self.canonicalize_goal(goal, opaque_types);
-        let mut goal_evaluation =
-            self.inspect.new_goal_evaluation(goal, &orig_values, goal_evaluation_kind);
+        let (orig_values, canonical_goal) =
+            Self::canonicalize_goal(self.delegate, goal, opaque_types);
         let canonical_result = self.search_graph.evaluate_goal(
             self.cx(),
             canonical_goal,
             self.step_kind_for_source(source),
-            &mut goal_evaluation,
+            &mut inspect::ProofTreeBuilder::new_noop(),
         );
-        goal_evaluation.query_result(canonical_result);
-        self.inspect.goal_evaluation(goal_evaluation);
         let response = match canonical_result {
             Err(e) => return Err(e),
             Ok(response) => response,
@@ -477,8 +447,13 @@ where
         let has_changed =
             if !has_only_region_constraints(response) { HasChanged::Yes } else { HasChanged::No };
 
-        let (normalization_nested_goals, certainty) =
-            self.instantiate_and_apply_query_response(goal.param_env, &orig_values, response);
+        let (normalization_nested_goals, certainty) = Self::instantiate_and_apply_query_response(
+            self.delegate,
+            goal.param_env,
+            &orig_values,
+            response,
+            self.origin_span,
+        );
 
         // FIXME: We previously had an assert here that checked that recomputing
         // a goal after applying its constraints did not change its response.
@@ -676,12 +651,7 @@ where
                 let (
                     NestedNormalizationGoals(nested_goals),
                     GoalEvaluation { goal, certainty, stalled_on, has_changed: _ },
-                ) = self.evaluate_goal_raw(
-                    GoalEvaluationKind::Nested,
-                    source,
-                    unconstrained_goal,
-                    stalled_on,
-                )?;
+                ) = self.evaluate_goal_raw(source, unconstrained_goal, stalled_on)?;
                 // Add the nested goals from normalization to our own nested goals.
                 trace!(?nested_goals);
                 self.nested_goals.extend(nested_goals.into_iter().map(|(s, g)| (s, g, None)));
@@ -734,7 +704,7 @@ where
                 }
             } else {
                 let GoalEvaluation { goal, certainty, has_changed, stalled_on } =
-                    self.evaluate_goal(GoalEvaluationKind::Nested, source, goal, stalled_on)?;
+                    self.evaluate_goal(source, goal, stalled_on)?;
                 if has_changed == HasChanged::Yes {
                     unchanged_certainty = None;
                 }
@@ -1297,3 +1267,62 @@ where
         if predicate.allow_normalization() { predicate.super_fold_with(self) } else { predicate }
     }
 }
+
+/// Do not call this directly, use the `tcx` query instead.
+pub fn evaluate_root_goal_for_proof_tree_raw_provider<
+    D: SolverDelegate<Interner = I>,
+    I: Interner,
+>(
+    cx: I,
+    canonical_goal: CanonicalInput<I>,
+) -> (QueryResult<I>, I::ProbeRef) {
+    let mut inspect = inspect::ProofTreeBuilder::new();
+    let canonical_result = SearchGraph::<D>::evaluate_root_goal_for_proof_tree(
+        cx,
+        cx.recursion_limit(),
+        canonical_goal,
+        &mut inspect,
+    );
+    let final_revision = inspect.unwrap();
+    (canonical_result, cx.mk_probe_ref(final_revision))
+}
+
+/// Evaluate a goal to build a proof tree.
+///
+/// This is a copy of [EvalCtxt::evaluate_goal_raw] which avoids relying on the
+/// [EvalCtxt] and uses a separate cache.
+pub(super) fn evaluate_root_goal_for_proof_tree<D: SolverDelegate<Interner = I>, I: Interner>(
+    delegate: &D,
+    goal: Goal<I, I::Predicate>,
+    origin_span: I::Span,
+) -> (Result<NestedNormalizationGoals<I>, NoSolution>, inspect::GoalEvaluation<I>) {
+    let opaque_types = delegate.clone_opaque_types_lookup_table();
+    let (goal, opaque_types) = eager_resolve_vars(delegate, (goal, opaque_types));
+
+    let (orig_values, canonical_goal) = EvalCtxt::canonicalize_goal(delegate, goal, opaque_types);
+
+    let (canonical_result, final_revision) =
+        delegate.cx().evaluate_root_goal_for_proof_tree_raw(canonical_goal);
+
+    let proof_tree = inspect::GoalEvaluation {
+        uncanonicalized_goal: goal,
+        orig_values,
+        final_revision,
+        result: canonical_result,
+    };
+
+    let response = match canonical_result {
+        Err(e) => return (Err(e), proof_tree),
+        Ok(response) => response,
+    };
+
+    let (normalization_nested_goals, _certainty) = EvalCtxt::instantiate_and_apply_query_response(
+        delegate,
+        goal.param_env,
+        &proof_tree.orig_values,
+        response,
+        origin_span,
+    );
+
+    (Ok(normalization_nested_goals), proof_tree)
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/inspect/build.rs b/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/inspect/build.rs
index fc56b006d94..2675ed0d0da 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/inspect/build.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/inspect/build.rs
@@ -12,96 +12,86 @@ use rustc_type_ir::{self as ty, Interner};
 
 use crate::delegate::SolverDelegate;
 use crate::solve::eval_ctxt::canonical;
-use crate::solve::{
-    Certainty, GenerateProofTree, Goal, GoalEvaluationKind, GoalSource, QueryResult, inspect,
-};
+use crate::solve::{Certainty, Goal, GoalSource, QueryResult, inspect};
 
-/// The core data structure when building proof trees.
+/// We need to know whether to build a prove tree while evaluating. We
+/// pass a `ProofTreeBuilder` with `state: Some(None)` into the search
+/// graph which then causes the initial `EvalCtxt::compute_goal` to actually
+/// build a proof tree which then gets written into the `state`.
 ///
-/// In case the current evaluation does not generate a proof
-/// tree, `state` is simply `None` and we avoid any work.
-///
-/// The possible states of the solver are represented via
-/// variants of [DebugSolver]. For any nested computation we call
-/// `ProofTreeBuilder::new_nested_computation_kind` which
-/// creates a new `ProofTreeBuilder` to temporarily replace the
-/// current one. Once that nested computation is done,
-/// `ProofTreeBuilder::nested_computation_kind` is called
-/// to add the finished nested evaluation to the parent.
-///
-/// We provide additional information to the current state
-/// by calling methods such as `ProofTreeBuilder::probe_kind`.
-///
-/// The actual structure closely mirrors the finished proof
-/// trees. At the end of trait solving `ProofTreeBuilder::finalize`
-/// is called to recursively convert the whole structure to a
-/// finished proof tree.
+/// Building the proof tree for a single evaluation step happens via the
+/// [EvaluationStepBuilder] which is updated by the `EvalCtxt` when
+/// appropriate.
 pub(crate) struct ProofTreeBuilder<D, I = <D as SolverDelegate>::Interner>
 where
     D: SolverDelegate<Interner = I>,
     I: Interner,
 {
+    state: Option<Box<Option<inspect::Probe<I>>>>,
     _infcx: PhantomData<D>,
-    state: Option<Box<DebugSolver<I>>>,
 }
 
-/// The current state of the proof tree builder, at most places
-/// in the code, only one or two variants are actually possible.
-///
-/// We simply ICE in case that assumption is broken.
-#[derive_where(Debug; I: Interner)]
-enum DebugSolver<I: Interner> {
-    Root,
-    GoalEvaluation(WipGoalEvaluation<I>),
-    CanonicalGoalEvaluationStep(WipCanonicalGoalEvaluationStep<I>),
-}
+impl<D: SolverDelegate<Interner = I>, I: Interner> ProofTreeBuilder<D> {
+    pub(crate) fn new() -> ProofTreeBuilder<D> {
+        ProofTreeBuilder { state: Some(Box::new(None)), _infcx: PhantomData }
+    }
 
-impl<I: Interner> From<WipGoalEvaluation<I>> for DebugSolver<I> {
-    fn from(g: WipGoalEvaluation<I>) -> DebugSolver<I> {
-        DebugSolver::GoalEvaluation(g)
+    pub(crate) fn new_noop() -> ProofTreeBuilder<D> {
+        ProofTreeBuilder { state: None, _infcx: PhantomData }
     }
-}
 
-impl<I: Interner> From<WipCanonicalGoalEvaluationStep<I>> for DebugSolver<I> {
-    fn from(g: WipCanonicalGoalEvaluationStep<I>) -> DebugSolver<I> {
-        DebugSolver::CanonicalGoalEvaluationStep(g)
+    pub(crate) fn is_noop(&self) -> bool {
+        self.state.is_none()
     }
-}
 
-#[derive_where(PartialEq, Debug; I: Interner)]
-struct WipGoalEvaluation<I: Interner> {
-    pub uncanonicalized_goal: Goal<I, I::Predicate>,
-    pub orig_values: Vec<I::GenericArg>,
-    pub encountered_overflow: bool,
-    /// After we finished evaluating this is moved into `kind`.
-    pub final_revision: Option<WipCanonicalGoalEvaluationStep<I>>,
-    pub result: Option<QueryResult<I>>,
-}
+    pub(crate) fn new_evaluation_step(
+        &mut self,
+        var_values: ty::CanonicalVarValues<I>,
+    ) -> EvaluationStepBuilder<D> {
+        if self.is_noop() {
+            EvaluationStepBuilder { state: None, _infcx: PhantomData }
+        } else {
+            EvaluationStepBuilder {
+                state: Some(Box::new(WipEvaluationStep {
+                    var_values: var_values.var_values.to_vec(),
+                    evaluation: WipProbe {
+                        initial_num_var_values: var_values.len(),
+                        steps: vec![],
+                        kind: None,
+                        final_state: None,
+                    },
+                    probe_depth: 0,
+                })),
+                _infcx: PhantomData,
+            }
+        }
+    }
 
-impl<I: Interner> Eq for WipGoalEvaluation<I> {}
-
-impl<I: Interner> WipGoalEvaluation<I> {
-    fn finalize(self) -> inspect::GoalEvaluation<I> {
-        inspect::GoalEvaluation {
-            uncanonicalized_goal: self.uncanonicalized_goal,
-            orig_values: self.orig_values,
-            kind: if self.encountered_overflow {
-                assert!(self.final_revision.is_none());
-                inspect::GoalEvaluationKind::Overflow
-            } else {
-                let final_revision = self.final_revision.unwrap().finalize();
-                inspect::GoalEvaluationKind::Evaluation { final_revision }
-            },
-            result: self.result.unwrap(),
+    pub(crate) fn finish_evaluation_step(
+        &mut self,
+        goal_evaluation_step: EvaluationStepBuilder<D>,
+    ) {
+        if let Some(this) = self.state.as_deref_mut() {
+            *this = Some(goal_evaluation_step.state.unwrap().finalize());
         }
     }
+
+    pub(crate) fn unwrap(self) -> inspect::Probe<I> {
+        self.state.unwrap().unwrap()
+    }
 }
 
-/// This only exists during proof tree building and does not have
-/// a corresponding struct in `inspect`. We need this to track a
-/// bunch of metadata about the current evaluation.
-#[derive_where(PartialEq, Debug; I: Interner)]
-struct WipCanonicalGoalEvaluationStep<I: Interner> {
+pub(crate) struct EvaluationStepBuilder<D, I = <D as SolverDelegate>::Interner>
+where
+    D: SolverDelegate<Interner = I>,
+    I: Interner,
+{
+    state: Option<Box<WipEvaluationStep<I>>>,
+    _infcx: PhantomData<D>,
+}
+
+#[derive_where(PartialEq, Eq, Debug; I: Interner)]
+struct WipEvaluationStep<I: Interner> {
     /// Unlike `EvalCtxt::var_values`, we append a new
     /// generic arg here whenever we create a new inference
     /// variable.
@@ -113,9 +103,7 @@ struct WipCanonicalGoalEvaluationStep<I: Interner> {
     evaluation: WipProbe<I>,
 }
 
-impl<I: Interner> Eq for WipCanonicalGoalEvaluationStep<I> {}
-
-impl<I: Interner> WipCanonicalGoalEvaluationStep<I> {
+impl<I: Interner> WipEvaluationStep<I> {
     fn current_evaluation_scope(&mut self) -> &mut WipProbe<I> {
         let mut current = &mut self.evaluation;
         for _ in 0..self.probe_depth {
@@ -181,169 +169,48 @@ impl<I: Interner> WipProbeStep<I> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<D: SolverDelegate<Interner = I>, I: Interner> ProofTreeBuilder<D> {
-    fn new(state: impl Into<DebugSolver<I>>) -> ProofTreeBuilder<D> {
-        ProofTreeBuilder { state: Some(Box::new(state.into())), _infcx: PhantomData }
-    }
-
-    fn opt_nested<T: Into<DebugSolver<I>>>(&self, state: impl FnOnce() -> Option<T>) -> Self {
-        ProofTreeBuilder {
-            state: self.state.as_ref().and_then(|_| Some(state()?.into())).map(Box::new),
-            _infcx: PhantomData,
-        }
+impl<D: SolverDelegate<Interner = I>, I: Interner> EvaluationStepBuilder<D> {
+    pub(crate) fn new_noop() -> EvaluationStepBuilder<D> {
+        EvaluationStepBuilder { state: None, _infcx: PhantomData }
     }
 
-    fn nested<T: Into<DebugSolver<I>>>(&self, state: impl FnOnce() -> T) -> Self {
-        ProofTreeBuilder {
-            state: self.state.as_ref().map(|_| Box::new(state().into())),
-            _infcx: PhantomData,
-        }
+    pub(crate) fn is_noop(&self) -> bool {
+        self.state.is_none()
     }
 
-    fn as_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut DebugSolver<I>> {
+    fn as_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut WipEvaluationStep<I>> {
         self.state.as_deref_mut()
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn take_and_enter_probe(&mut self) -> ProofTreeBuilder<D> {
-        let mut nested = ProofTreeBuilder { state: self.state.take(), _infcx: PhantomData };
+    pub(crate) fn take_and_enter_probe(&mut self) -> EvaluationStepBuilder<D> {
+        let mut nested = EvaluationStepBuilder { state: self.state.take(), _infcx: PhantomData };
         nested.enter_probe();
         nested
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn finalize(self) -> Option<inspect::GoalEvaluation<I>> {
-        match *self.state? {
-            DebugSolver::GoalEvaluation(wip_goal_evaluation) => {
-                Some(wip_goal_evaluation.finalize())
-            }
-            root => unreachable!("unexpected proof tree builder root node: {:?}", root),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn new_maybe_root(generate_proof_tree: GenerateProofTree) -> ProofTreeBuilder<D> {
-        match generate_proof_tree {
-            GenerateProofTree::No => ProofTreeBuilder::new_noop(),
-            GenerateProofTree::Yes => ProofTreeBuilder::new_root(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn new_root() -> ProofTreeBuilder<D> {
-        ProofTreeBuilder::new(DebugSolver::Root)
-    }
-
-    fn new_noop() -> ProofTreeBuilder<D> {
-        ProofTreeBuilder { state: None, _infcx: PhantomData }
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn is_noop(&self) -> bool {
-        self.state.is_none()
-    }
-
-    pub(in crate::solve) fn new_goal_evaluation(
-        &mut self,
-        uncanonicalized_goal: Goal<I, I::Predicate>,
-        orig_values: &[I::GenericArg],
-        kind: GoalEvaluationKind,
-    ) -> ProofTreeBuilder<D> {
-        self.opt_nested(|| match kind {
-            GoalEvaluationKind::Root => Some(WipGoalEvaluation {
-                uncanonicalized_goal,
-                orig_values: orig_values.to_vec(),
-                encountered_overflow: false,
-                final_revision: None,
-                result: None,
-            }),
-            GoalEvaluationKind::Nested => None,
-        })
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn canonical_goal_evaluation_overflow(&mut self) {
+    pub(crate) fn add_var_value<T: Into<I::GenericArg>>(&mut self, arg: T) {
         if let Some(this) = self.as_mut() {
-            match this {
-                DebugSolver::GoalEvaluation(goal_evaluation) => {
-                    goal_evaluation.encountered_overflow = true;
-                }
-                _ => unreachable!(),
-            };
+            this.var_values.push(arg.into());
         }
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn goal_evaluation(&mut self, goal_evaluation: ProofTreeBuilder<D>) {
+    fn enter_probe(&mut self) {
         if let Some(this) = self.as_mut() {
-            match this {
-                DebugSolver::Root => *this = *goal_evaluation.state.unwrap(),
-                DebugSolver::CanonicalGoalEvaluationStep(_) => {
-                    assert!(goal_evaluation.state.is_none())
-                }
-                _ => unreachable!(),
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn new_goal_evaluation_step(
-        &mut self,
-        var_values: ty::CanonicalVarValues<I>,
-    ) -> ProofTreeBuilder<D> {
-        self.nested(|| WipCanonicalGoalEvaluationStep {
-            var_values: var_values.var_values.to_vec(),
-            evaluation: WipProbe {
-                initial_num_var_values: var_values.len(),
+            let initial_num_var_values = this.var_values.len();
+            this.current_evaluation_scope().steps.push(WipProbeStep::NestedProbe(WipProbe {
+                initial_num_var_values,
                 steps: vec![],
                 kind: None,
                 final_state: None,
-            },
-            probe_depth: 0,
-        })
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn goal_evaluation_step(&mut self, goal_evaluation_step: ProofTreeBuilder<D>) {
-        if let Some(this) = self.as_mut() {
-            match (this, *goal_evaluation_step.state.unwrap()) {
-                (
-                    DebugSolver::GoalEvaluation(goal_evaluation),
-                    DebugSolver::CanonicalGoalEvaluationStep(goal_evaluation_step),
-                ) => {
-                    goal_evaluation.final_revision = Some(goal_evaluation_step);
-                }
-                _ => unreachable!(),
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn add_var_value<T: Into<I::GenericArg>>(&mut self, arg: T) {
-        match self.as_mut() {
-            None => {}
-            Some(DebugSolver::CanonicalGoalEvaluationStep(state)) => {
-                state.var_values.push(arg.into());
-            }
-            Some(s) => panic!("tried to add var values to {s:?}"),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn enter_probe(&mut self) {
-        match self.as_mut() {
-            None => {}
-            Some(DebugSolver::CanonicalGoalEvaluationStep(state)) => {
-                let initial_num_var_values = state.var_values.len();
-                state.current_evaluation_scope().steps.push(WipProbeStep::NestedProbe(WipProbe {
-                    initial_num_var_values,
-                    steps: vec![],
-                    kind: None,
-                    final_state: None,
-                }));
-                state.probe_depth += 1;
-            }
-            Some(s) => panic!("tried to start probe to {s:?}"),
+            }));
+            this.probe_depth += 1;
         }
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn probe_kind(&mut self, probe_kind: inspect::ProbeKind<I>) {
-        match self.as_mut() {
-            None => {}
-            Some(DebugSolver::CanonicalGoalEvaluationStep(state)) => {
-                let prev = state.current_evaluation_scope().kind.replace(probe_kind);
-                assert_eq!(prev, None);
-            }
-            _ => panic!(),
+        if let Some(this) = self.as_mut() {
+            let prev = this.current_evaluation_scope().kind.replace(probe_kind);
+            assert_eq!(prev, None);
         }
     }
 
@@ -352,19 +219,11 @@ impl<D: SolverDelegate<Interner = I>, I: Interner> ProofTreeBuilder<D> {
         delegate: &D,
         max_input_universe: ty::UniverseIndex,
     ) {
-        match self.as_mut() {
-            None => {}
-            Some(DebugSolver::CanonicalGoalEvaluationStep(state)) => {
-                let final_state = canonical::make_canonical_state(
-                    delegate,
-                    &state.var_values,
-                    max_input_universe,
-                    (),
-                );
-                let prev = state.current_evaluation_scope().final_state.replace(final_state);
-                assert_eq!(prev, None);
-            }
-            _ => panic!(),
+        if let Some(this) = self.as_mut() {
+            let final_state =
+                canonical::make_canonical_state(delegate, &this.var_values, max_input_universe, ());
+            let prev = this.current_evaluation_scope().final_state.replace(final_state);
+            assert_eq!(prev, None);
         }
     }
 
@@ -375,18 +234,14 @@ impl<D: SolverDelegate<Interner = I>, I: Interner> ProofTreeBuilder<D> {
         source: GoalSource,
         goal: Goal<I, I::Predicate>,
     ) {
-        match self.as_mut() {
-            None => {}
-            Some(DebugSolver::CanonicalGoalEvaluationStep(state)) => {
-                let goal = canonical::make_canonical_state(
-                    delegate,
-                    &state.var_values,
-                    max_input_universe,
-                    goal,
-                );
-                state.current_evaluation_scope().steps.push(WipProbeStep::AddGoal(source, goal))
-            }
-            _ => panic!(),
+        if let Some(this) = self.as_mut() {
+            let goal = canonical::make_canonical_state(
+                delegate,
+                &this.var_values,
+                max_input_universe,
+                goal,
+            );
+            this.current_evaluation_scope().steps.push(WipProbeStep::AddGoal(source, goal))
         }
     }
 
@@ -396,47 +251,31 @@ impl<D: SolverDelegate<Interner = I>, I: Interner> ProofTreeBuilder<D> {
         max_input_universe: ty::UniverseIndex,
         impl_args: I::GenericArgs,
     ) {
-        match self.as_mut() {
-            Some(DebugSolver::CanonicalGoalEvaluationStep(state)) => {
-                let impl_args = canonical::make_canonical_state(
-                    delegate,
-                    &state.var_values,
-                    max_input_universe,
-                    impl_args,
-                );
-                state
-                    .current_evaluation_scope()
-                    .steps
-                    .push(WipProbeStep::RecordImplArgs { impl_args });
-            }
-            None => {}
-            _ => panic!(),
+        if let Some(this) = self.as_mut() {
+            let impl_args = canonical::make_canonical_state(
+                delegate,
+                &this.var_values,
+                max_input_universe,
+                impl_args,
+            );
+            this.current_evaluation_scope().steps.push(WipProbeStep::RecordImplArgs { impl_args });
         }
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn make_canonical_response(&mut self, shallow_certainty: Certainty) {
-        match self.as_mut() {
-            Some(DebugSolver::CanonicalGoalEvaluationStep(state)) => {
-                state
-                    .current_evaluation_scope()
-                    .steps
-                    .push(WipProbeStep::MakeCanonicalResponse { shallow_certainty });
-            }
-            None => {}
-            _ => panic!(),
+        if let Some(this) = self.as_mut() {
+            this.current_evaluation_scope()
+                .steps
+                .push(WipProbeStep::MakeCanonicalResponse { shallow_certainty });
         }
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn finish_probe(mut self) -> ProofTreeBuilder<D> {
-        match self.as_mut() {
-            None => {}
-            Some(DebugSolver::CanonicalGoalEvaluationStep(state)) => {
-                assert_ne!(state.probe_depth, 0);
-                let num_var_values = state.current_evaluation_scope().initial_num_var_values;
-                state.var_values.truncate(num_var_values);
-                state.probe_depth -= 1;
-            }
-            _ => panic!(),
+    pub(crate) fn finish_probe(mut self) -> EvaluationStepBuilder<D> {
+        if let Some(this) = self.as_mut() {
+            assert_ne!(this.probe_depth, 0);
+            let num_var_values = this.current_evaluation_scope().initial_num_var_values;
+            this.var_values.truncate(num_var_values);
+            this.probe_depth -= 1;
         }
 
         self
@@ -444,21 +283,7 @@ impl<D: SolverDelegate<Interner = I>, I: Interner> ProofTreeBuilder<D> {
 
     pub(crate) fn query_result(&mut self, result: QueryResult<I>) {
         if let Some(this) = self.as_mut() {
-            match this {
-                DebugSolver::GoalEvaluation(goal_evaluation) => {
-                    assert_eq!(goal_evaluation.result.replace(result), None);
-                }
-                DebugSolver::CanonicalGoalEvaluationStep(evaluation_step) => {
-                    assert_eq!(
-                        evaluation_step
-                            .evaluation
-                            .kind
-                            .replace(inspect::ProbeKind::Root { result }),
-                        None
-                    );
-                }
-                _ => unreachable!(),
-            }
+            assert_eq!(this.evaluation.kind.replace(inspect::ProbeKind::Root { result }), None);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/mod.rs
index 710b59f662a..85f9d852d95 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/mod.rs
@@ -27,7 +27,10 @@ pub use rustc_type_ir::solve::*;
 use rustc_type_ir::{self as ty, Interner, TypingMode};
 use tracing::instrument;
 
-pub use self::eval_ctxt::{EvalCtxt, GenerateProofTree, SolverDelegateEvalExt};
+pub use self::eval_ctxt::{
+    EvalCtxt, GenerateProofTree, SolverDelegateEvalExt,
+    evaluate_root_goal_for_proof_tree_raw_provider,
+};
 use crate::delegate::SolverDelegate;
 use crate::solve::assembly::Candidate;
 
@@ -42,12 +45,6 @@ use crate::solve::assembly::Candidate;
 /// recursion limit again. However, this feels very unlikely.
 const FIXPOINT_STEP_LIMIT: usize = 8;
 
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-enum GoalEvaluationKind {
-    Root,
-    Nested,
-}
-
 /// Whether evaluating this goal ended up changing the
 /// inference state.
 #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Hash, Clone, Copy)]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/search_graph.rs b/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/search_graph.rs
index 84f8eda4f8d..f0342e0523f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/search_graph.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/search_graph.rs
@@ -7,8 +7,9 @@ use rustc_type_ir::solve::{CanonicalInput, Certainty, NoSolution, QueryResult};
 use rustc_type_ir::{Interner, TypingMode};
 
 use crate::delegate::SolverDelegate;
-use crate::solve::inspect::ProofTreeBuilder;
-use crate::solve::{EvalCtxt, FIXPOINT_STEP_LIMIT, has_no_inference_or_external_constraints};
+use crate::solve::{
+    EvalCtxt, FIXPOINT_STEP_LIMIT, has_no_inference_or_external_constraints, inspect,
+};
 
 /// This type is never constructed. We only use it to implement `search_graph::Delegate`
 /// for all types which impl `SolverDelegate` and doing it directly fails in coherence.
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ where
 
     const FIXPOINT_STEP_LIMIT: usize = FIXPOINT_STEP_LIMIT;
 
-    type ProofTreeBuilder = ProofTreeBuilder<D>;
+    type ProofTreeBuilder = inspect::ProofTreeBuilder<D>;
     fn inspect_is_noop(inspect: &mut Self::ProofTreeBuilder) -> bool {
         inspect.is_noop()
     }
@@ -81,12 +82,7 @@ where
         Self::initial_provisional_result(cx, kind, input) == result
     }
 
-    fn on_stack_overflow(
-        cx: I,
-        input: CanonicalInput<I>,
-        inspect: &mut ProofTreeBuilder<D>,
-    ) -> QueryResult<I> {
-        inspect.canonical_goal_evaluation_overflow();
+    fn on_stack_overflow(cx: I, input: CanonicalInput<I>) -> QueryResult<I> {
         response_no_constraints(cx, input, Certainty::overflow(true))
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve.rs
index f58961683a9..5d200c4d340 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve.rs
@@ -13,4 +13,20 @@ pub use normalize::{
     deeply_normalize, deeply_normalize_with_skipped_universes,
     deeply_normalize_with_skipped_universes_and_ambiguous_coroutine_goals,
 };
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
 pub use select::InferCtxtSelectExt;
+
+fn evaluate_root_goal_for_proof_tree_raw<'tcx>(
+    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+    canonical_input: CanonicalInput<TyCtxt<'tcx>>,
+) -> (QueryResult<TyCtxt<'tcx>>, &'tcx inspect::Probe<TyCtxt<'tcx>>) {
+    evaluate_root_goal_for_proof_tree_raw_provider::<SolverDelegate<'tcx>, TyCtxt<'tcx>>(
+        tcx,
+        canonical_input,
+    )
+}
+
+pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
+    *providers = Providers { evaluate_root_goal_for_proof_tree_raw, ..*providers };
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/inspect/analyse.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/inspect/analyse.rs
index 308486811e6..342d7121fc3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/inspect/analyse.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/inspect/analyse.rs
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ pub struct InspectGoal<'a, 'tcx> {
     orig_values: Vec<ty::GenericArg<'tcx>>,
     goal: Goal<'tcx, ty::Predicate<'tcx>>,
     result: Result<Certainty, NoSolution>,
-    evaluation_kind: inspect::GoalEvaluationKind<TyCtxt<'tcx>>,
+    final_revision: &'tcx inspect::Probe<TyCtxt<'tcx>>,
     normalizes_to_term_hack: Option<NormalizesToTermHack<'tcx>>,
     source: GoalSource,
 }
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InspectCandidate<'a, 'tcx> {
                     // `InspectGoal::new` so that the goal has the right result (and maintains
                     // the impression that we don't do this normalizes-to infer hack at all).
                     let (nested, proof_tree) = infcx.evaluate_root_goal_for_proof_tree(goal, span);
-                    let nested_goals_result = nested.and_then(|(nested, _)| {
+                    let nested_goals_result = nested.and_then(|nested| {
                         normalizes_to_term_hack.constrain_and(
                             infcx,
                             span,
@@ -391,15 +391,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InspectGoal<'a, 'tcx> {
 
     pub fn candidates(&'a self) -> Vec<InspectCandidate<'a, 'tcx>> {
         let mut candidates = vec![];
-        let last_eval_step = match &self.evaluation_kind {
-            // An annoying edge case in case the recursion limit is 0.
-            inspect::GoalEvaluationKind::Overflow => return vec![],
-            inspect::GoalEvaluationKind::Evaluation { final_revision } => final_revision,
-        };
-
         let mut nested_goals = vec![];
-        self.candidates_recur(&mut candidates, &mut nested_goals, &last_eval_step);
-
+        self.candidates_recur(&mut candidates, &mut nested_goals, &self.final_revision);
         candidates
     }
 
@@ -426,7 +419,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InspectGoal<'a, 'tcx> {
     ) -> Self {
         let infcx = <&SolverDelegate<'tcx>>::from(infcx);
 
-        let inspect::GoalEvaluation { uncanonicalized_goal, orig_values, kind, result } = root;
+        let inspect::GoalEvaluation { uncanonicalized_goal, orig_values, final_revision, result } =
+            root;
         // If there's a normalizes-to goal, AND the evaluation result with the result of
         // constraining the normalizes-to RHS and computing the nested goals.
         let result = result.and_then(|ok| {
@@ -441,7 +435,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InspectGoal<'a, 'tcx> {
             orig_values,
             goal: eager_resolve_vars(infcx, uncanonicalized_goal),
             result,
-            evaluation_kind: kind,
+            final_revision,
             normalizes_to_term_hack: term_hack_and_nested_certainty.map(|(n, _)| n),
             source,
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/interner.rs b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/interner.rs
index 21fe7879b29..f5448baf8c0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/interner.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/interner.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@ use crate::inherent::*;
 use crate::ir_print::IrPrint;
 use crate::lang_items::{SolverLangItem, SolverTraitLangItem};
 use crate::relate::Relate;
-use crate::solve::{CanonicalInput, ExternalConstraintsData, PredefinedOpaquesData, QueryResult};
+use crate::solve::{
+    CanonicalInput, ExternalConstraintsData, PredefinedOpaquesData, QueryResult, inspect,
+};
 use crate::visit::{Flags, TypeVisitable};
 use crate::{self as ty, CanonicalParamEnvCacheEntry, search_graph};
 
@@ -380,6 +382,13 @@ pub trait Interner:
         self,
         defining_anchor: Self::LocalDefId,
     ) -> Self::LocalDefIds;
+
+    type ProbeRef: Copy + Debug + Hash + Eq + Deref<Target = inspect::Probe<Self>>;
+    fn mk_probe_ref(self, probe: inspect::Probe<Self>) -> Self::ProbeRef;
+    fn evaluate_root_goal_for_proof_tree_raw(
+        self,
+        canonical_goal: CanonicalInput<Self>,
+    ) -> (QueryResult<Self>, Self::ProbeRef);
 }
 
 /// Imagine you have a function `F: FnOnce(&[T]) -> R`, plus an iterator `iter`
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/search_graph/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/search_graph/mod.rs
index 348178a527f..dbbc0c217d7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/search_graph/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/search_graph/mod.rs
@@ -92,11 +92,7 @@ pub trait Delegate: Sized {
         input: <Self::Cx as Cx>::Input,
         result: <Self::Cx as Cx>::Result,
     ) -> bool;
-    fn on_stack_overflow(
-        cx: Self::Cx,
-        input: <Self::Cx as Cx>::Input,
-        inspect: &mut Self::ProofTreeBuilder,
-    ) -> <Self::Cx as Cx>::Result;
+    fn on_stack_overflow(cx: Self::Cx, input: <Self::Cx as Cx>::Input) -> <Self::Cx as Cx>::Result;
     fn on_fixpoint_overflow(
         cx: Self::Cx,
         input: <Self::Cx as Cx>::Input,
@@ -703,6 +699,31 @@ impl<D: Delegate<Cx = X>, X: Cx> SearchGraph<D> {
         }
     }
 
+    pub fn evaluate_root_goal_for_proof_tree(
+        cx: X,
+        root_depth: usize,
+        input: X::Input,
+        inspect: &mut D::ProofTreeBuilder,
+    ) -> X::Result {
+        let mut this = SearchGraph::<D>::new(root_depth);
+        let available_depth = AvailableDepth(root_depth);
+        let step_kind_from_parent = PathKind::Inductive; // is never used
+        this.stack.push(StackEntry {
+            input,
+            step_kind_from_parent,
+            available_depth,
+            provisional_result: None,
+            required_depth: 0,
+            heads: Default::default(),
+            encountered_overflow: false,
+            usages: None,
+            candidate_usages: None,
+            nested_goals: Default::default(),
+        });
+        let evaluation_result = this.evaluate_goal_in_task(cx, input, inspect);
+        evaluation_result.result
+    }
+
     /// Probably the most involved method of the whole solver.
     ///
     /// While goals get computed via `D::compute_goal`, this function handles
@@ -718,7 +739,7 @@ impl<D: Delegate<Cx = X>, X: Cx> SearchGraph<D> {
         let Some(available_depth) =
             AvailableDepth::allowed_depth_for_nested::<D>(self.root_depth, &self.stack)
         else {
-            return self.handle_overflow(cx, input, inspect);
+            return self.handle_overflow(cx, input);
         };
 
         // We check the provisional cache before checking the global cache. This simplifies
@@ -833,12 +854,7 @@ impl<D: Delegate<Cx = X>, X: Cx> SearchGraph<D> {
         result
     }
 
-    fn handle_overflow(
-        &mut self,
-        cx: X,
-        input: X::Input,
-        inspect: &mut D::ProofTreeBuilder,
-    ) -> X::Result {
+    fn handle_overflow(&mut self, cx: X, input: X::Input) -> X::Result {
         if let Some(last) = self.stack.last_mut() {
             last.encountered_overflow = true;
             // If computing a goal `B` depends on another goal `A` and
@@ -853,7 +869,7 @@ impl<D: Delegate<Cx = X>, X: Cx> SearchGraph<D> {
         }
 
         debug!("encountered stack overflow");
-        D::on_stack_overflow(cx, input, inspect)
+        D::on_stack_overflow(cx, input)
     }
 
     /// When reevaluating a goal with a changed provisional result, all provisional cache entry
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/solve/inspect.rs b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/solve/inspect.rs
index afb4043648f..5452ac44158 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/solve/inspect.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/solve/inspect.rs
@@ -45,31 +45,18 @@ pub type CanonicalState<I, T> = Canonical<I, State<I, T>>;
 /// for the `CanonicalVarValues` of the canonicalized goal.
 /// We use this to map any [CanonicalState] from the local `InferCtxt`
 /// of the solver query to the `InferCtxt` of the caller.
-#[derive_where(PartialEq, Hash; I: Interner)]
+#[derive_where(PartialEq, Eq, Hash; I: Interner)]
 pub struct GoalEvaluation<I: Interner> {
     pub uncanonicalized_goal: Goal<I, I::Predicate>,
     pub orig_values: Vec<I::GenericArg>,
-    pub kind: GoalEvaluationKind<I>,
+    pub final_revision: I::ProbeRef,
     pub result: QueryResult<I>,
 }
 
-impl<I: Interner> Eq for GoalEvaluation<I> {}
-
-#[derive_where(PartialEq, Hash, Debug; I: Interner)]
-pub enum GoalEvaluationKind<I: Interner> {
-    Overflow,
-    Evaluation {
-        /// This is always `ProbeKind::Root`.
-        final_revision: Probe<I>,
-    },
-}
-
-impl<I: Interner> Eq for GoalEvaluationKind<I> {}
-
 /// A self-contained computation during trait solving. This either
 /// corresponds to a `EvalCtxt::probe(_X)` call or the root evaluation
 /// of a goal.
-#[derive_where(PartialEq, Hash, Debug; I: Interner)]
+#[derive_where(PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Debug; I: Interner)]
 pub struct Probe<I: Interner> {
     /// What happened inside of this probe in chronological order.
     pub steps: Vec<ProbeStep<I>>,
@@ -77,9 +64,7 @@ pub struct Probe<I: Interner> {
     pub final_state: CanonicalState<I, ()>,
 }
 
-impl<I: Interner> Eq for Probe<I> {}
-
-#[derive_where(PartialEq, Hash, Debug; I: Interner)]
+#[derive_where(PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Debug; I: Interner)]
 pub enum ProbeStep<I: Interner> {
     /// We added a goal to the `EvalCtxt` which will get proven
     /// the next time `EvalCtxt::try_evaluate_added_goals` is called.
@@ -98,12 +83,10 @@ pub enum ProbeStep<I: Interner> {
     MakeCanonicalResponse { shallow_certainty: Certainty },
 }
 
-impl<I: Interner> Eq for ProbeStep<I> {}
-
 /// What kind of probe we're in. In case the probe represents a candidate, or
 /// the final result of the current goal - via [ProbeKind::Root] - we also
 /// store the [QueryResult].
-#[derive_where(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Hash, Debug; I: Interner)]
+#[derive_where(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Debug; I: Interner)]
 #[derive(TypeVisitable_Generic, TypeFoldable_Generic)]
 pub enum ProbeKind<I: Interner> {
     /// The root inference context while proving a goal.
@@ -128,5 +111,3 @@ pub enum ProbeKind<I: Interner> {
     /// Checking that a rigid alias is well-formed.
     RigidAlias { result: QueryResult<I> },
 }
-
-impl<I: Interner> Eq for ProbeKind<I> {}