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-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/abi.rs19
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/allocator.rs25
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/asm.rs19
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/attributes.rs231
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/archive.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/command_line_args.rs37
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/command_line_args/tests.rs25
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/lto.rs43
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/mod.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/owned_target_machine.rs18
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/write.rs48
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/base.rs26
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/builder.rs38
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/builder/autodiff.rs44
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/builder/gpu_offload.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/common.rs14
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/consts.rs228
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/context.rs152
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/gdb.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/metadata.rs135
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/metadata/enums/cpp_like.rs73
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/metadata/type_map.rs27
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/mod.rs89
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/utils.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/declare.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/intrinsic.rs32
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/lib.rs23
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm/enzyme_ffi.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm/ffi.rs339
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm/mod.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm_util.rs101
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/type_of.rs9
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/va_arg.rs24
33 files changed, 1190 insertions, 655 deletions
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/abi.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/abi.rs
index ac7583f5666..861227f7c2a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/abi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/abi.rs
@@ -215,9 +215,9 @@ impl<'ll, 'tcx> ArgAbiExt<'ll, 'tcx> for ArgAbi<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>> {
                 let align = attrs.pointee_align.unwrap_or(self.layout.align.abi);
                 OperandValue::Ref(PlaceValue::new_sized(val, align)).store(bx, dst);
             }
-            // Unsized indirect qrguments
+            // Unsized indirect arguments cannot be stored
             PassMode::Indirect { attrs: _, meta_attrs: Some(_), on_stack: _ } => {
-                bug!("unsized `ArgAbi` must be handled through `store_fn_arg`");
+                bug!("unsized `ArgAbi` cannot be stored");
             }
             PassMode::Cast { cast, pad_i32: _ } => {
                 // The ABI mandates that the value is passed as a different struct representation.
@@ -272,12 +272,7 @@ impl<'ll, 'tcx> ArgAbiExt<'ll, 'tcx> for ArgAbi<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>> {
                 OperandValue::Pair(next(), next()).store(bx, dst);
             }
             PassMode::Indirect { attrs: _, meta_attrs: Some(_), on_stack: _ } => {
-                let place_val = PlaceValue {
-                    llval: next(),
-                    llextra: Some(next()),
-                    align: self.layout.align.abi,
-                };
-                OperandValue::Ref(place_val).store(bx, dst);
+                bug!("unsized `ArgAbi` cannot be stored");
             }
             PassMode::Direct(_)
             | PassMode::Indirect { attrs: _, meta_attrs: None, on_stack: _ }
@@ -543,7 +538,13 @@ impl<'ll, 'tcx> FnAbiLlvmExt<'ll, 'tcx> for FnAbi<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>> {
 
         // If the declaration has an associated instance, compute extra attributes based on that.
         if let Some(instance) = instance {
-            llfn_attrs_from_instance(cx, llfn, instance);
+            llfn_attrs_from_instance(
+                cx,
+                cx.tcx,
+                llfn,
+                &cx.tcx.codegen_instance_attrs(instance.def),
+                Some(instance),
+            );
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/allocator.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/allocator.rs
index df3e49279d9..abd63120397 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/allocator.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/allocator.rs
@@ -5,15 +5,16 @@ use rustc_ast::expand::allocator::{
 };
 use rustc_codegen_ssa::traits::BaseTypeCodegenMethods as _;
 use rustc_middle::bug;
+use rustc_middle::middle::codegen_fn_attrs::CodegenFnAttrs;
 use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
 use rustc_session::config::{DebugInfo, OomStrategy};
 use rustc_symbol_mangling::mangle_internal_symbol;
-use smallvec::SmallVec;
 
+use crate::attributes::llfn_attrs_from_instance;
 use crate::builder::SBuilder;
 use crate::declare::declare_simple_fn;
 use crate::llvm::{self, FALSE, TRUE, Type, Value};
-use crate::{SimpleCx, attributes, debuginfo, llvm_util};
+use crate::{SimpleCx, attributes, debuginfo};
 
 pub(crate) unsafe fn codegen(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'_>,
@@ -149,18 +150,8 @@ fn create_wrapper_function(
         ty,
     );
 
-    let mut attrs = SmallVec::<[_; 2]>::new();
-
-    let target_cpu = llvm_util::target_cpu(tcx.sess);
-    let target_cpu_attr = llvm::CreateAttrStringValue(cx.llcx, "target-cpu", target_cpu);
-
-    let tune_cpu_attr = llvm_util::tune_cpu(tcx.sess)
-        .map(|tune_cpu| llvm::CreateAttrStringValue(cx.llcx, "tune-cpu", tune_cpu));
-
-    attrs.push(target_cpu_attr);
-    attrs.extend(tune_cpu_attr);
-
-    attributes::apply_to_llfn(llfn, llvm::AttributePlace::Function, &attrs);
+    let attrs = CodegenFnAttrs::new();
+    llfn_attrs_from_instance(cx, tcx, llfn, &attrs, None);
 
     let no_return = if no_return {
         // -> ! DIFlagNoReturn
@@ -171,12 +162,6 @@ fn create_wrapper_function(
         None
     };
 
-    if tcx.sess.must_emit_unwind_tables() {
-        let uwtable =
-            attributes::uwtable_attr(cx.llcx, tcx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.use_sync_unwind);
-        attributes::apply_to_llfn(llfn, llvm::AttributePlace::Function, &[uwtable]);
-    }
-
     let llbb = unsafe { llvm::LLVMAppendBasicBlockInContext(cx.llcx, llfn, c"entry".as_ptr()) };
     let mut bx = SBuilder::build(&cx, llbb);
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/asm.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/asm.rs
index 38c1d3b53e8..cc09fa5b69b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/asm.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/asm.rs
@@ -240,6 +240,7 @@ impl<'ll, 'tcx> AsmBuilderMethods<'tcx> for Builder<'_, 'll, 'tcx> {
                 }
                 InlineAsmArch::RiscV32 | InlineAsmArch::RiscV64 => {
                     constraints.extend_from_slice(&[
+                        "~{fflags}".to_string(),
                         "~{vtype}".to_string(),
                         "~{vl}".to_string(),
                         "~{vxsat}".to_string(),
@@ -339,8 +340,8 @@ impl<'ll, 'tcx> AsmBuilderMethods<'tcx> for Builder<'_, 'll, 'tcx> {
             attrs.push(llvm::AttributeKind::WillReturn.create_attr(self.cx.llcx));
         } else if options.contains(InlineAsmOptions::NOMEM) {
             attrs.push(llvm::MemoryEffects::InaccessibleMemOnly.create_attr(self.cx.llcx));
-        } else {
-            // LLVM doesn't have an attribute to represent ReadOnly + SideEffect
+        } else if options.contains(InlineAsmOptions::READONLY) {
+            attrs.push(llvm::MemoryEffects::ReadOnlyNotPure.create_attr(self.cx.llcx));
         }
         attributes::apply_to_callsite(result, llvm::AttributePlace::Function, &{ attrs });
 
@@ -661,7 +662,12 @@ fn reg_to_llvm(reg: InlineAsmRegOrRegClass, layout: Option<&TyAndLayout<'_>>) ->
             PowerPC(PowerPCInlineAsmRegClass::reg_nonzero) => "b",
             PowerPC(PowerPCInlineAsmRegClass::freg) => "f",
             PowerPC(PowerPCInlineAsmRegClass::vreg) => "v",
-            PowerPC(PowerPCInlineAsmRegClass::cr) | PowerPC(PowerPCInlineAsmRegClass::xer) => {
+            PowerPC(
+                PowerPCInlineAsmRegClass::cr
+                | PowerPCInlineAsmRegClass::ctr
+                | PowerPCInlineAsmRegClass::lr
+                | PowerPCInlineAsmRegClass::xer,
+            ) => {
                 unreachable!("clobber-only")
             }
             RiscV(RiscVInlineAsmRegClass::reg) => "r",
@@ -829,7 +835,12 @@ fn dummy_output_type<'ll>(cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, '_>, reg: InlineAsmRegClass) -> &'
         PowerPC(PowerPCInlineAsmRegClass::reg_nonzero) => cx.type_i32(),
         PowerPC(PowerPCInlineAsmRegClass::freg) => cx.type_f64(),
         PowerPC(PowerPCInlineAsmRegClass::vreg) => cx.type_vector(cx.type_i32(), 4),
-        PowerPC(PowerPCInlineAsmRegClass::cr) | PowerPC(PowerPCInlineAsmRegClass::xer) => {
+        PowerPC(
+            PowerPCInlineAsmRegClass::cr
+            | PowerPCInlineAsmRegClass::ctr
+            | PowerPCInlineAsmRegClass::lr
+            | PowerPCInlineAsmRegClass::xer,
+        ) => {
             unreachable!("clobber-only")
         }
         RiscV(RiscVInlineAsmRegClass::reg) => cx.type_i32(),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/attributes.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/attributes.rs
index 5affb26483a..8070ea0b3e9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/attributes.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/attributes.rs
@@ -1,20 +1,21 @@
 //! Set and unset common attributes on LLVM values.
-use rustc_codegen_ssa::traits::*;
 use rustc_hir::attrs::{InlineAttr, InstructionSetAttr, OptimizeAttr};
 use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
-use rustc_middle::middle::codegen_fn_attrs::{CodegenFnAttrFlags, PatchableFunctionEntry};
+use rustc_middle::middle::codegen_fn_attrs::{
+    CodegenFnAttrFlags, CodegenFnAttrs, PatchableFunctionEntry,
+};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_session::config::{BranchProtection, FunctionReturn, OptLevel, PAuthKey, PacRet};
 use rustc_symbol_mangling::mangle_internal_symbol;
 use rustc_target::spec::{FramePointer, SanitizerSet, StackProbeType, StackProtector};
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
 
-use crate::context::CodegenCx;
+use crate::context::SimpleCx;
 use crate::errors::SanitizerMemtagRequiresMte;
 use crate::llvm::AttributePlace::Function;
 use crate::llvm::{self, AllocKindFlags, Attribute, AttributeKind, AttributePlace, MemoryEffects};
 use crate::value::Value;
-use crate::{attributes, llvm_util};
+use crate::{Session, attributes, llvm_util};
 
 pub(crate) fn apply_to_llfn(llfn: &Value, idx: AttributePlace, attrs: &[&Attribute]) {
     if !attrs.is_empty() {
@@ -29,9 +30,20 @@ pub(crate) fn apply_to_callsite(callsite: &Value, idx: AttributePlace, attrs: &[
 }
 
 /// Get LLVM attribute for the provided inline heuristic.
-#[inline]
-fn inline_attr<'ll>(cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, '_>, inline: InlineAttr) -> Option<&'ll Attribute> {
-    if !cx.tcx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.inline_llvm {
+pub(crate) fn inline_attr<'ll, 'tcx>(
+    cx: &SimpleCx<'ll>,
+    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+    instance: ty::Instance<'tcx>,
+) -> Option<&'ll Attribute> {
+    // `optnone` requires `noinline`
+    let codegen_fn_attrs = tcx.codegen_fn_attrs(instance.def_id());
+    let inline = match (codegen_fn_attrs.inline, &codegen_fn_attrs.optimize) {
+        (_, OptimizeAttr::DoNotOptimize) => InlineAttr::Never,
+        (InlineAttr::None, _) if instance.def.requires_inline(tcx) => InlineAttr::Hint,
+        (inline, _) => inline,
+    };
+
+    if !tcx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.inline_llvm {
         // disable LLVM inlining
         return Some(AttributeKind::NoInline.create_attr(cx.llcx));
     }
@@ -41,7 +53,7 @@ fn inline_attr<'ll>(cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, '_>, inline: InlineAttr) -> Option<&'ll
             Some(AttributeKind::AlwaysInline.create_attr(cx.llcx))
         }
         InlineAttr::Never => {
-            if cx.sess().target.arch != "amdgpu" {
+            if tcx.sess.target.arch != "amdgpu" {
                 Some(AttributeKind::NoInline.create_attr(cx.llcx))
             } else {
                 None
@@ -53,12 +65,13 @@ fn inline_attr<'ll>(cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, '_>, inline: InlineAttr) -> Option<&'ll
 
 #[inline]
 fn patchable_function_entry_attrs<'ll>(
-    cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, '_>,
+    cx: &SimpleCx<'ll>,
+    sess: &Session,
     attr: Option<PatchableFunctionEntry>,
 ) -> SmallVec<[&'ll Attribute; 2]> {
     let mut attrs = SmallVec::new();
     let patchable_spec = attr.unwrap_or_else(|| {
-        PatchableFunctionEntry::from_config(cx.tcx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.patchable_function_entry)
+        PatchableFunctionEntry::from_config(sess.opts.unstable_opts.patchable_function_entry)
     });
     let entry = patchable_spec.entry();
     let prefix = patchable_spec.prefix();
@@ -81,12 +94,13 @@ fn patchable_function_entry_attrs<'ll>(
 
 /// Get LLVM sanitize attributes.
 #[inline]
-pub(crate) fn sanitize_attrs<'ll>(
-    cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, '_>,
+pub(crate) fn sanitize_attrs<'ll, 'tcx>(
+    cx: &SimpleCx<'ll>,
+    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
     no_sanitize: SanitizerSet,
 ) -> SmallVec<[&'ll Attribute; 4]> {
     let mut attrs = SmallVec::new();
-    let enabled = cx.tcx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.sanitizer - no_sanitize;
+    let enabled = tcx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.sanitizer - no_sanitize;
     if enabled.contains(SanitizerSet::ADDRESS) || enabled.contains(SanitizerSet::KERNELADDRESS) {
         attrs.push(llvm::AttributeKind::SanitizeAddress.create_attr(cx.llcx));
     }
@@ -104,11 +118,11 @@ pub(crate) fn sanitize_attrs<'ll>(
     }
     if enabled.contains(SanitizerSet::MEMTAG) {
         // Check to make sure the mte target feature is actually enabled.
-        let features = cx.tcx.global_backend_features(());
+        let features = tcx.global_backend_features(());
         let mte_feature =
             features.iter().map(|s| &s[..]).rfind(|n| ["+mte", "-mte"].contains(&&n[..]));
         if let None | Some("-mte") = mte_feature {
-            cx.tcx.dcx().emit_err(SanitizerMemtagRequiresMte);
+            tcx.dcx().emit_err(SanitizerMemtagRequiresMte);
         }
 
         attrs.push(llvm::AttributeKind::SanitizeMemTag.create_attr(cx.llcx));
@@ -129,9 +143,12 @@ pub(crate) fn uwtable_attr(llcx: &llvm::Context, use_sync_unwind: Option<bool>)
     llvm::CreateUWTableAttr(llcx, async_unwind)
 }
 
-pub(crate) fn frame_pointer_type_attr<'ll>(cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, '_>) -> Option<&'ll Attribute> {
-    let mut fp = cx.sess().target.frame_pointer;
-    let opts = &cx.sess().opts;
+pub(crate) fn frame_pointer_type_attr<'ll>(
+    cx: &SimpleCx<'ll>,
+    sess: &Session,
+) -> Option<&'ll Attribute> {
+    let mut fp = sess.target.frame_pointer;
+    let opts = &sess.opts;
     // "mcount" function relies on stack pointer.
     // See <https://sourceware.org/binutils/docs/gprof/Implementation.html>.
     if opts.unstable_opts.instrument_mcount {
@@ -146,8 +163,8 @@ pub(crate) fn frame_pointer_type_attr<'ll>(cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, '_>) -> Option<&'
     Some(llvm::CreateAttrStringValue(cx.llcx, "frame-pointer", attr_value))
 }
 
-fn function_return_attr<'ll>(cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, '_>) -> Option<&'ll Attribute> {
-    let function_return_attr = match cx.sess().opts.unstable_opts.function_return {
+fn function_return_attr<'ll>(cx: &SimpleCx<'ll>, sess: &Session) -> Option<&'ll Attribute> {
+    let function_return_attr = match sess.opts.unstable_opts.function_return {
         FunctionReturn::Keep => return None,
         FunctionReturn::ThunkExtern => AttributeKind::FnRetThunkExtern,
     };
@@ -157,17 +174,20 @@ fn function_return_attr<'ll>(cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, '_>) -> Option<&'ll Attribute>
 
 /// Tell LLVM what instrument function to insert.
 #[inline]
-fn instrument_function_attr<'ll>(cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, '_>) -> SmallVec<[&'ll Attribute; 4]> {
+fn instrument_function_attr<'ll>(
+    cx: &SimpleCx<'ll>,
+    sess: &Session,
+) -> SmallVec<[&'ll Attribute; 4]> {
     let mut attrs = SmallVec::new();
-    if cx.sess().opts.unstable_opts.instrument_mcount {
+    if sess.opts.unstable_opts.instrument_mcount {
         // Similar to `clang -pg` behavior. Handled by the
         // `post-inline-ee-instrument` LLVM pass.
 
         // The function name varies on platforms.
         // See test/CodeGen/mcount.c in clang.
-        let mcount_name = match &cx.sess().target.llvm_mcount_intrinsic {
+        let mcount_name = match &sess.target.llvm_mcount_intrinsic {
             Some(llvm_mcount_intrinsic) => llvm_mcount_intrinsic.as_ref(),
-            None => cx.sess().target.mcount.as_ref(),
+            None => sess.target.mcount.as_ref(),
         };
 
         attrs.push(llvm::CreateAttrStringValue(
@@ -176,7 +196,7 @@ fn instrument_function_attr<'ll>(cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, '_>) -> SmallVec<[&'ll Attr
             mcount_name,
         ));
     }
-    if let Some(options) = &cx.sess().opts.unstable_opts.instrument_xray {
+    if let Some(options) = &sess.opts.unstable_opts.instrument_xray {
         // XRay instrumentation is similar to __cyg_profile_func_{enter,exit}.
         // Function prologue and epilogue are instrumented with NOP sleds,
         // a runtime library later replaces them with detours into tracing code.
@@ -207,20 +227,20 @@ fn instrument_function_attr<'ll>(cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, '_>) -> SmallVec<[&'ll Attr
     attrs
 }
 
-fn nojumptables_attr<'ll>(cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, '_>) -> Option<&'ll Attribute> {
-    if !cx.sess().opts.unstable_opts.no_jump_tables {
+fn nojumptables_attr<'ll>(cx: &SimpleCx<'ll>, sess: &Session) -> Option<&'ll Attribute> {
+    if !sess.opts.unstable_opts.no_jump_tables {
         return None;
     }
 
     Some(llvm::CreateAttrStringValue(cx.llcx, "no-jump-tables", "true"))
 }
 
-fn probestack_attr<'ll>(cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, '_>) -> Option<&'ll Attribute> {
+fn probestack_attr<'ll, 'tcx>(cx: &SimpleCx<'ll>, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> Option<&'ll Attribute> {
     // Currently stack probes seem somewhat incompatible with the address
     // sanitizer and thread sanitizer. With asan we're already protected from
     // stack overflow anyway so we don't really need stack probes regardless.
-    if cx
-        .sess()
+    if tcx
+        .sess
         .opts
         .unstable_opts
         .sanitizer
@@ -230,22 +250,22 @@ fn probestack_attr<'ll>(cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, '_>) -> Option<&'ll Attribute> {
     }
 
     // probestack doesn't play nice either with `-C profile-generate`.
-    if cx.sess().opts.cg.profile_generate.enabled() {
+    if tcx.sess.opts.cg.profile_generate.enabled() {
         return None;
     }
 
-    let attr_value = match cx.sess().target.stack_probes {
+    let attr_value = match tcx.sess.target.stack_probes {
         StackProbeType::None => return None,
         // Request LLVM to generate the probes inline. If the given LLVM version does not support
         // this, no probe is generated at all (even if the attribute is specified).
         StackProbeType::Inline => "inline-asm",
         // Flag our internal `__rust_probestack` function as the stack probe symbol.
         // This is defined in the `compiler-builtins` crate for each architecture.
-        StackProbeType::Call => &mangle_internal_symbol(cx.tcx, "__rust_probestack"),
+        StackProbeType::Call => &mangle_internal_symbol(tcx, "__rust_probestack"),
         // Pick from the two above based on the LLVM version.
         StackProbeType::InlineOrCall { min_llvm_version_for_inline } => {
             if llvm_util::get_version() < min_llvm_version_for_inline {
-                &mangle_internal_symbol(cx.tcx, "__rust_probestack")
+                &mangle_internal_symbol(tcx, "__rust_probestack")
             } else {
                 "inline-asm"
             }
@@ -254,8 +274,8 @@ fn probestack_attr<'ll>(cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, '_>) -> Option<&'ll Attribute> {
     Some(llvm::CreateAttrStringValue(cx.llcx, "probe-stack", attr_value))
 }
 
-fn stackprotector_attr<'ll>(cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, '_>) -> Option<&'ll Attribute> {
-    let sspattr = match cx.sess().stack_protector() {
+fn stackprotector_attr<'ll>(cx: &SimpleCx<'ll>, sess: &Session) -> Option<&'ll Attribute> {
+    let sspattr = match sess.stack_protector() {
         StackProtector::None => return None,
         StackProtector::All => AttributeKind::StackProtectReq,
         StackProtector::Strong => AttributeKind::StackProtectStrong,
@@ -265,45 +285,59 @@ fn stackprotector_attr<'ll>(cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, '_>) -> Option<&'ll Attribute> {
     Some(sspattr.create_attr(cx.llcx))
 }
 
-fn backchain_attr<'ll>(cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, '_>) -> Option<&'ll Attribute> {
-    if cx.sess().target.arch != "s390x" {
+fn backchain_attr<'ll>(cx: &SimpleCx<'ll>, sess: &Session) -> Option<&'ll Attribute> {
+    if sess.target.arch != "s390x" {
         return None;
     }
 
-    let requested_features = cx.sess().opts.cg.target_feature.split(',');
+    let requested_features = sess.opts.cg.target_feature.split(',');
     let found_positive = requested_features.clone().any(|r| r == "+backchain");
 
     if found_positive { Some(llvm::CreateAttrString(cx.llcx, "backchain")) } else { None }
 }
 
-pub(crate) fn target_cpu_attr<'ll>(cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, '_>) -> &'ll Attribute {
-    let target_cpu = llvm_util::target_cpu(cx.tcx.sess);
+pub(crate) fn target_cpu_attr<'ll>(cx: &SimpleCx<'ll>, sess: &Session) -> &'ll Attribute {
+    let target_cpu = llvm_util::target_cpu(sess);
     llvm::CreateAttrStringValue(cx.llcx, "target-cpu", target_cpu)
 }
 
-pub(crate) fn tune_cpu_attr<'ll>(cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, '_>) -> Option<&'ll Attribute> {
-    llvm_util::tune_cpu(cx.tcx.sess)
+pub(crate) fn tune_cpu_attr<'ll>(cx: &SimpleCx<'ll>, sess: &Session) -> Option<&'ll Attribute> {
+    llvm_util::tune_cpu(sess)
         .map(|tune_cpu| llvm::CreateAttrStringValue(cx.llcx, "tune-cpu", tune_cpu))
 }
 
+/// Get the `target-features` LLVM attribute.
+pub(crate) fn target_features_attr<'ll, 'tcx>(
+    cx: &SimpleCx<'ll>,
+    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+    function_features: Vec<String>,
+) -> Option<&'ll Attribute> {
+    let global_features = tcx.global_backend_features(()).iter().map(String::as_str);
+    let function_features = function_features.iter().map(String::as_str);
+    let target_features =
+        global_features.chain(function_features).intersperse(",").collect::<String>();
+    (!target_features.is_empty())
+        .then(|| llvm::CreateAttrStringValue(cx.llcx, "target-features", &target_features))
+}
+
 /// Get the `NonLazyBind` LLVM attribute,
 /// if the codegen options allow skipping the PLT.
-pub(crate) fn non_lazy_bind_attr<'ll>(cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, '_>) -> Option<&'ll Attribute> {
+pub(crate) fn non_lazy_bind_attr<'ll>(
+    cx: &SimpleCx<'ll>,
+    sess: &Session,
+) -> Option<&'ll Attribute> {
     // Don't generate calls through PLT if it's not necessary
-    if !cx.sess().needs_plt() {
-        Some(AttributeKind::NonLazyBind.create_attr(cx.llcx))
-    } else {
-        None
-    }
+    if !sess.needs_plt() { Some(AttributeKind::NonLazyBind.create_attr(cx.llcx)) } else { None }
 }
 
 /// Get the default optimizations attrs for a function.
 #[inline]
 pub(crate) fn default_optimisation_attrs<'ll>(
-    cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, '_>,
+    cx: &SimpleCx<'ll>,
+    sess: &Session,
 ) -> SmallVec<[&'ll Attribute; 2]> {
     let mut attrs = SmallVec::new();
-    match cx.sess().opts.optimize {
+    match sess.opts.optimize {
         OptLevel::Size => {
             attrs.push(llvm::AttributeKind::OptimizeForSize.create_attr(cx.llcx));
         }
@@ -324,17 +358,18 @@ fn create_alloc_family_attr(llcx: &llvm::Context) -> &llvm::Attribute {
 /// Composite function which sets LLVM attributes for function depending on its AST (`#[attribute]`)
 /// attributes.
 pub(crate) fn llfn_attrs_from_instance<'ll, 'tcx>(
-    cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, 'tcx>,
+    cx: &SimpleCx<'ll>,
+    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
     llfn: &'ll Value,
-    instance: ty::Instance<'tcx>,
+    codegen_fn_attrs: &CodegenFnAttrs,
+    instance: Option<ty::Instance<'tcx>>,
 ) {
-    let codegen_fn_attrs = cx.tcx.codegen_instance_attrs(instance.def);
-
+    let sess = tcx.sess;
     let mut to_add = SmallVec::<[_; 16]>::new();
 
     match codegen_fn_attrs.optimize {
         OptimizeAttr::Default => {
-            to_add.extend(default_optimisation_attrs(cx));
+            to_add.extend(default_optimisation_attrs(cx, sess));
         }
         OptimizeAttr::DoNotOptimize => {
             to_add.push(llvm::AttributeKind::OptimizeNone.create_attr(cx.llcx));
@@ -346,29 +381,21 @@ pub(crate) fn llfn_attrs_from_instance<'ll, 'tcx>(
         OptimizeAttr::Speed => {}
     }
 
-    // `optnone` requires `noinline`
-    let inline = match (codegen_fn_attrs.inline, &codegen_fn_attrs.optimize) {
-        (_, OptimizeAttr::DoNotOptimize) => InlineAttr::Never,
-        (InlineAttr::None, _) if instance.def.requires_inline(cx.tcx) => InlineAttr::Hint,
-        (inline, _) => inline,
-    };
-    to_add.extend(inline_attr(cx, inline));
-
-    if cx.sess().must_emit_unwind_tables() {
-        to_add.push(uwtable_attr(cx.llcx, cx.sess().opts.unstable_opts.use_sync_unwind));
+    if sess.must_emit_unwind_tables() {
+        to_add.push(uwtable_attr(cx.llcx, sess.opts.unstable_opts.use_sync_unwind));
     }
 
-    if cx.sess().opts.unstable_opts.profile_sample_use.is_some() {
+    if sess.opts.unstable_opts.profile_sample_use.is_some() {
         to_add.push(llvm::CreateAttrString(cx.llcx, "use-sample-profile"));
     }
 
     // FIXME: none of these functions interact with source level attributes.
-    to_add.extend(frame_pointer_type_attr(cx));
-    to_add.extend(function_return_attr(cx));
-    to_add.extend(instrument_function_attr(cx));
-    to_add.extend(nojumptables_attr(cx));
-    to_add.extend(probestack_attr(cx));
-    to_add.extend(stackprotector_attr(cx));
+    to_add.extend(frame_pointer_type_attr(cx, sess));
+    to_add.extend(function_return_attr(cx, sess));
+    to_add.extend(instrument_function_attr(cx, sess));
+    to_add.extend(nojumptables_attr(cx, sess));
+    to_add.extend(probestack_attr(cx, tcx));
+    to_add.extend(stackprotector_attr(cx, sess));
 
     if codegen_fn_attrs.flags.contains(CodegenFnAttrFlags::NO_BUILTINS) {
         to_add.push(llvm::CreateAttrString(cx.llcx, "no-builtins"));
@@ -389,16 +416,19 @@ pub(crate) fn llfn_attrs_from_instance<'ll, 'tcx>(
         // not used.
     } else {
         // Do not set sanitizer attributes for naked functions.
-        to_add.extend(sanitize_attrs(cx, codegen_fn_attrs.no_sanitize));
+        to_add.extend(sanitize_attrs(cx, tcx, codegen_fn_attrs.no_sanitize));
 
         // For non-naked functions, set branch protection attributes on aarch64.
-        if let Some(BranchProtection { bti, pac_ret }) =
-            cx.sess().opts.unstable_opts.branch_protection
+        if let Some(BranchProtection { bti, pac_ret, gcs }) =
+            sess.opts.unstable_opts.branch_protection
         {
-            assert!(cx.sess().target.arch == "aarch64");
+            assert!(sess.target.arch == "aarch64");
             if bti {
                 to_add.push(llvm::CreateAttrString(cx.llcx, "branch-target-enforcement"));
             }
+            if gcs {
+                to_add.push(llvm::CreateAttrString(cx.llcx, "guarded-control-stack"));
+            }
             if let Some(PacRet { leaf, pc, key }) = pac_ret {
                 if pc {
                     to_add.push(llvm::CreateAttrString(cx.llcx, "branch-protection-pauth-lr"));
@@ -420,14 +450,15 @@ pub(crate) fn llfn_attrs_from_instance<'ll, 'tcx>(
         || codegen_fn_attrs.flags.contains(CodegenFnAttrFlags::ALLOCATOR_ZEROED)
     {
         to_add.push(create_alloc_family_attr(cx.llcx));
-        if let Some(zv) =
-            cx.tcx.get_attr(instance.def_id(), rustc_span::sym::rustc_allocator_zeroed_variant)
+        if let Some(instance) = instance
+            && let Some(zv) =
+                tcx.get_attr(instance.def_id(), rustc_span::sym::rustc_allocator_zeroed_variant)
             && let Some(name) = zv.value_str()
         {
             to_add.push(llvm::CreateAttrStringValue(
                 cx.llcx,
                 "alloc-variant-zeroed",
-                &mangle_internal_symbol(cx.tcx, name.as_str()),
+                &mangle_internal_symbol(tcx, name.as_str()),
             ));
         }
         // apply to argument place instead of function
@@ -472,26 +503,40 @@ pub(crate) fn llfn_attrs_from_instance<'ll, 'tcx>(
     if let Some(align) = codegen_fn_attrs.alignment {
         llvm::set_alignment(llfn, align);
     }
-    if let Some(backchain) = backchain_attr(cx) {
+    if let Some(backchain) = backchain_attr(cx, sess) {
         to_add.push(backchain);
     }
-    to_add.extend(patchable_function_entry_attrs(cx, codegen_fn_attrs.patchable_function_entry));
+    to_add.extend(patchable_function_entry_attrs(
+        cx,
+        sess,
+        codegen_fn_attrs.patchable_function_entry,
+    ));
 
     // Always annotate functions with the target-cpu they are compiled for.
     // Without this, ThinLTO won't inline Rust functions into Clang generated
     // functions (because Clang annotates functions this way too).
-    to_add.push(target_cpu_attr(cx));
+    to_add.push(target_cpu_attr(cx, sess));
     // tune-cpu is only conveyed through the attribute for our purpose.
     // The target doesn't care; the subtarget reads our attribute.
-    to_add.extend(tune_cpu_attr(cx));
+    to_add.extend(tune_cpu_attr(cx, sess));
 
     let function_features =
         codegen_fn_attrs.target_features.iter().map(|f| f.name.as_str()).collect::<Vec<&str>>();
 
+    // Apply function attributes as per usual if there are no user defined
+    // target features otherwise this will get applied at the callsite.
+    if function_features.is_empty() {
+        if let Some(instance) = instance
+            && let Some(inline_attr) = inline_attr(cx, tcx, instance)
+        {
+            to_add.push(inline_attr);
+        }
+    }
+
     let function_features = function_features
         .iter()
         // Convert to LLVMFeatures and filter out unavailable ones
-        .flat_map(|feat| llvm_util::to_llvm_features(cx.tcx.sess, feat))
+        .flat_map(|feat| llvm_util::to_llvm_features(sess, feat))
         // Convert LLVMFeatures & dependencies to +<feats>s
         .flat_map(|feat| feat.into_iter().map(|f| format!("+{f}")))
         .chain(codegen_fn_attrs.instruction_set.iter().map(|x| match x {
@@ -500,26 +545,22 @@ pub(crate) fn llfn_attrs_from_instance<'ll, 'tcx>(
         }))
         .collect::<Vec<String>>();
 
-    if cx.tcx.sess.target.is_like_wasm {
+    if sess.target.is_like_wasm {
         // If this function is an import from the environment but the wasm
         // import has a specific module/name, apply them here.
-        if let Some(module) = wasm_import_module(cx.tcx, instance.def_id()) {
+        if let Some(instance) = instance
+            && let Some(module) = wasm_import_module(tcx, instance.def_id())
+        {
             to_add.push(llvm::CreateAttrStringValue(cx.llcx, "wasm-import-module", module));
 
             let name =
-                codegen_fn_attrs.symbol_name.unwrap_or_else(|| cx.tcx.item_name(instance.def_id()));
+                codegen_fn_attrs.symbol_name.unwrap_or_else(|| tcx.item_name(instance.def_id()));
             let name = name.as_str();
             to_add.push(llvm::CreateAttrStringValue(cx.llcx, "wasm-import-name", name));
         }
     }
 
-    let global_features = cx.tcx.global_backend_features(()).iter().map(|s| s.as_str());
-    let function_features = function_features.iter().map(|s| s.as_str());
-    let target_features: String =
-        global_features.chain(function_features).intersperse(",").collect();
-    if !target_features.is_empty() {
-        to_add.push(llvm::CreateAttrStringValue(cx.llcx, "target-features", &target_features));
-    }
+    to_add.extend(target_features_attr(cx, tcx, function_features));
 
     attributes::apply_to_llfn(llfn, Function, &to_add);
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/archive.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/archive.rs
index 7a340ae83f3..f9dc48e3aba 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/archive.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/archive.rs
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ static LLVM_OBJECT_READER: ObjectReader = ObjectReader {
     get_symbols: get_llvm_object_symbols,
     is_64_bit_object_file: llvm_is_64_bit_object_file,
     is_ec_object_file: llvm_is_ec_object_file,
+    is_any_arm64_coff: llvm_is_any_arm64_coff,
     get_xcoff_member_alignment: DEFAULT_OBJECT_READER.get_xcoff_member_alignment,
 };
 
@@ -95,3 +96,7 @@ fn llvm_is_64_bit_object_file(buf: &[u8]) -> bool {
 fn llvm_is_ec_object_file(buf: &[u8]) -> bool {
     unsafe { llvm::LLVMRustIsECObject(buf.as_ptr(), buf.len()) }
 }
+
+fn llvm_is_any_arm64_coff(buf: &[u8]) -> bool {
+    unsafe { llvm::LLVMRustIsAnyArm64Coff(buf.as_ptr(), buf.len()) }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/command_line_args.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/command_line_args.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b14713969b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/command_line_args.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests;
+
+/// Joins command-line arguments into a single space-separated string, quoting
+/// and escaping individual arguments as necessary.
+///
+/// The result is intended to be informational, for embedding in debug metadata,
+/// and might not be properly quoted/escaped for actual command-line use.
+pub(crate) fn quote_command_line_args(args: &[String]) -> String {
+    // Start with a decent-sized buffer, since rustc invocations tend to be long.
+    let mut buf = String::with_capacity(128);
+
+    for arg in args {
+        if !buf.is_empty() {
+            buf.push(' ');
+        }
+
+        print_arg_quoted(&mut buf, arg);
+    }
+
+    buf
+}
+
+/// Equivalent to LLVM's `sys::printArg` with quoting always enabled
+/// (see llvm/lib/Support/Program.cpp).
+fn print_arg_quoted(buf: &mut String, arg: &str) {
+    buf.reserve(arg.len() + 2);
+
+    buf.push('"');
+    for ch in arg.chars() {
+        if matches!(ch, '"' | '\\' | '$') {
+            buf.push('\\');
+        }
+        buf.push(ch);
+    }
+    buf.push('"');
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/command_line_args/tests.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/command_line_args/tests.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..69641fed3bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/command_line_args/tests.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#[test]
+fn quote_command_line_args() {
+    use super::quote_command_line_args;
+
+    struct Case<'a> {
+        args: &'a [&'a str],
+        expected: &'a str,
+    }
+
+    let cases = &[
+        Case { args: &[], expected: "" },
+        Case { args: &["--hello", "world"], expected: r#""--hello" "world""# },
+        Case { args: &["--hello world"], expected: r#""--hello world""# },
+        Case {
+            args: &["plain", "$dollar", "spa ce", r"back\slash", r#""quote""#, "plain"],
+            expected: r#""plain" "\$dollar" "spa ce" "back\\slash" "\"quote\"" "plain""#,
+        },
+    ];
+
+    for &Case { args, expected } in cases {
+        let args = args.iter().copied().map(str::to_owned).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        let actual = quote_command_line_args(&args);
+        assert_eq!(actual, expected, "args {args:?}");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/lto.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/lto.rs
index fc38c4f3e51..78107d95e5a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/lto.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/lto.rs
@@ -43,9 +43,7 @@ fn prepare_lto(
         .map(|symbol| CString::new(symbol.to_owned()).unwrap())
         .collect::<Vec<CString>>();
 
-    if cgcx.regular_module_config.instrument_coverage
-        || cgcx.regular_module_config.pgo_gen.enabled()
-    {
+    if cgcx.module_config.instrument_coverage || cgcx.module_config.pgo_gen.enabled() {
         // These are weak symbols that point to the profile version and the
         // profile name, which need to be treated as exported so LTO doesn't nix
         // them.
@@ -55,15 +53,15 @@ fn prepare_lto(
         symbols_below_threshold.extend(PROFILER_WEAK_SYMBOLS.iter().map(|&sym| sym.to_owned()));
     }
 
-    if cgcx.regular_module_config.sanitizer.contains(SanitizerSet::MEMORY) {
+    if cgcx.module_config.sanitizer.contains(SanitizerSet::MEMORY) {
         let mut msan_weak_symbols = Vec::new();
 
         // Similar to profiling, preserve weak msan symbol during LTO.
-        if cgcx.regular_module_config.sanitizer_recover.contains(SanitizerSet::MEMORY) {
+        if cgcx.module_config.sanitizer_recover.contains(SanitizerSet::MEMORY) {
             msan_weak_symbols.push(c"__msan_keep_going");
         }
 
-        if cgcx.regular_module_config.sanitizer_memory_track_origins != 0 {
+        if cgcx.module_config.sanitizer_memory_track_origins != 0 {
             msan_weak_symbols.push(c"__msan_track_origins");
         }
 
@@ -187,12 +185,9 @@ pub(crate) fn run_thin(
     thin_lto(cgcx, dcx, modules, upstream_modules, cached_modules, &symbols_below_threshold)
 }
 
-pub(crate) fn prepare_thin(
-    module: ModuleCodegen<ModuleLlvm>,
-    emit_summary: bool,
-) -> (String, ThinBuffer) {
+pub(crate) fn prepare_thin(module: ModuleCodegen<ModuleLlvm>) -> (String, ThinBuffer) {
     let name = module.name;
-    let buffer = ThinBuffer::new(module.module_llvm.llmod(), true, emit_summary);
+    let buffer = ThinBuffer::new(module.module_llvm.llmod(), true);
     (name, buffer)
 }
 
@@ -583,7 +578,7 @@ pub(crate) fn run_pass_manager(
     thin: bool,
 ) {
     let _timer = cgcx.prof.generic_activity_with_arg("LLVM_lto_optimize", &*module.name);
-    let config = cgcx.config(module.kind);
+    let config = &cgcx.module_config;
 
     // Now we have one massive module inside of llmod. Time to run the
     // LTO-specific optimization passes that LLVM provides.
@@ -622,7 +617,7 @@ pub(crate) fn run_pass_manager(
         crate::builder::gpu_offload::handle_gpu_code(cgcx, &cx);
     }
 
-    if cfg!(llvm_enzyme) && enable_ad && !thin {
+    if cfg!(feature = "llvm_enzyme") && enable_ad && !thin {
         let opt_stage = llvm::OptStage::FatLTO;
         let stage = write::AutodiffStage::PostAD;
         if !config.autodiff.contains(&config::AutoDiff::NoPostopt) {
@@ -689,9 +684,9 @@ unsafe impl Send for ThinBuffer {}
 unsafe impl Sync for ThinBuffer {}
 
 impl ThinBuffer {
-    pub(crate) fn new(m: &llvm::Module, is_thin: bool, emit_summary: bool) -> ThinBuffer {
+    pub(crate) fn new(m: &llvm::Module, is_thin: bool) -> ThinBuffer {
         unsafe {
-            let buffer = llvm::LLVMRustThinLTOBufferCreate(m, is_thin, emit_summary);
+            let buffer = llvm::LLVMRustThinLTOBufferCreate(m, is_thin);
             ThinBuffer(buffer)
         }
     }
@@ -700,21 +695,21 @@ impl ThinBuffer {
         let mut ptr = NonNull::new(ptr).unwrap();
         ThinBuffer(unsafe { ptr.as_mut() })
     }
-}
 
-impl ThinBufferMethods for ThinBuffer {
-    fn data(&self) -> &[u8] {
+    pub(crate) fn thin_link_data(&self) -> &[u8] {
         unsafe {
-            let ptr = llvm::LLVMRustThinLTOBufferPtr(self.0) as *const _;
-            let len = llvm::LLVMRustThinLTOBufferLen(self.0);
+            let ptr = llvm::LLVMRustThinLTOBufferThinLinkDataPtr(self.0) as *const _;
+            let len = llvm::LLVMRustThinLTOBufferThinLinkDataLen(self.0);
             slice::from_raw_parts(ptr, len)
         }
     }
+}
 
-    fn thin_link_data(&self) -> &[u8] {
+impl ThinBufferMethods for ThinBuffer {
+    fn data(&self) -> &[u8] {
         unsafe {
-            let ptr = llvm::LLVMRustThinLTOBufferThinLinkDataPtr(self.0) as *const _;
-            let len = llvm::LLVMRustThinLTOBufferThinLinkDataLen(self.0);
+            let ptr = llvm::LLVMRustThinLTOBufferPtr(self.0) as *const _;
+            let len = llvm::LLVMRustThinLTOBufferLen(self.0);
             slice::from_raw_parts(ptr, len)
         }
     }
@@ -745,7 +740,7 @@ pub(crate) fn optimize_thin_module(
     let module_llvm = ModuleLlvm::parse(cgcx, module_name, thin_module.data(), dcx);
     let mut module = ModuleCodegen::new_regular(thin_module.name(), module_llvm);
     // Given that the newly created module lacks a thinlto buffer for embedding, we need to re-add it here.
-    if cgcx.config(ModuleKind::Regular).embed_bitcode() {
+    if cgcx.module_config.embed_bitcode() {
         module.thin_lto_buffer = Some(thin_module.data().to_vec());
     }
     {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/mod.rs
index 6cb89f80ab8..fe3883e8c73 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/mod.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 pub(crate) mod archive;
+mod command_line_args;
 pub(crate) mod lto;
 pub(crate) mod owned_target_machine;
 mod profiling;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/owned_target_machine.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/owned_target_machine.rs
index 6d8178320fe..903a882916e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/owned_target_machine.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/owned_target_machine.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-use std::assert_matches::assert_matches;
 use std::ffi::CStr;
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::ptr::NonNull;
@@ -39,13 +38,10 @@ impl OwnedTargetMachine {
         output_obj_file: &CStr,
         debug_info_compression: &CStr,
         use_emulated_tls: bool,
-        args_cstr_buff: &[u8],
+        argv0: &str,
+        command_line_args: &str,
         use_wasm_eh: bool,
     ) -> Result<Self, LlvmError<'static>> {
-        // The argument list is passed as the concatenation of one or more C strings.
-        // This implies that there must be a last byte, and it must be 0.
-        assert_matches!(args_cstr_buff, [.., b'\0'], "the last byte must be a NUL terminator");
-
         // SAFETY: llvm::LLVMRustCreateTargetMachine copies pointed to data
         let tm_ptr = unsafe {
             llvm::LLVMRustCreateTargetMachine(
@@ -70,8 +66,10 @@ impl OwnedTargetMachine {
                 output_obj_file.as_ptr(),
                 debug_info_compression.as_ptr(),
                 use_emulated_tls,
-                args_cstr_buff.as_ptr(),
-                args_cstr_buff.len(),
+                argv0.as_ptr(),
+                argv0.len(),
+                command_line_args.as_ptr(),
+                command_line_args.len(),
                 use_wasm_eh,
             )
         };
@@ -97,8 +95,6 @@ impl Drop for OwnedTargetMachine {
         // SAFETY: constructing ensures we have a valid pointer created by
         // llvm::LLVMRustCreateTargetMachine OwnedTargetMachine is not copyable so there is no
         // double free or use after free.
-        unsafe {
-            llvm::LLVMRustDisposeTargetMachine(self.tm_unique.as_ptr());
-        }
+        unsafe { llvm::LLVMDisposeTargetMachine(self.tm_unique) };
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/write.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/write.rs
index 7ea2ae6673b..1950b8288d1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/write.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/write.rs
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ use rustc_span::{BytePos, InnerSpan, Pos, SpanData, SyntaxContext, sym};
 use rustc_target::spec::{CodeModel, FloatAbi, RelocModel, SanitizerSet, SplitDebuginfo, TlsModel};
 use tracing::{debug, trace};
 
+use crate::back::command_line_args::quote_command_line_args;
 use crate::back::lto::ThinBuffer;
 use crate::back::owned_target_machine::OwnedTargetMachine;
 use crate::back::profiling::{
@@ -203,6 +204,9 @@ pub(crate) fn target_machine_factory(
     optlvl: config::OptLevel,
     target_features: &[String],
 ) -> TargetMachineFactoryFn<LlvmCodegenBackend> {
+    // Self-profile timer for creating a _factory_.
+    let _prof_timer = sess.prof.generic_activity("target_machine_factory");
+
     let reloc_model = to_llvm_relocation_model(sess.relocation_model());
 
     let (opt_level, _) = to_llvm_opt_settings(optlvl);
@@ -249,23 +253,18 @@ pub(crate) fn target_machine_factory(
 
     let use_emulated_tls = matches!(sess.tls_model(), TlsModel::Emulated);
 
-    // copy the exe path, followed by path all into one buffer
-    // null terminating them so we can use them as null terminated strings
-    let args_cstr_buff = {
-        let mut args_cstr_buff: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
-        let exe_path = std::env::current_exe().unwrap_or_default();
-        let exe_path_str = exe_path.into_os_string().into_string().unwrap_or_default();
-
-        args_cstr_buff.extend_from_slice(exe_path_str.as_bytes());
-        args_cstr_buff.push(0);
-
-        for arg in sess.expanded_args.iter() {
-            args_cstr_buff.extend_from_slice(arg.as_bytes());
-            args_cstr_buff.push(0);
-        }
-
-        args_cstr_buff
-    };
+    // Command-line information to be included in the target machine.
+    // This seems to only be used for embedding in PDB debuginfo files.
+    // FIXME(Zalathar): Maybe skip this for non-PDB targets?
+    let argv0 = std::env::current_exe()
+        .unwrap_or_default()
+        .into_os_string()
+        .into_string()
+        .unwrap_or_default();
+    let command_line_args = quote_command_line_args(&sess.expanded_args);
+    // Self-profile counter for the number of bytes produced by command-line quoting.
+    // Values are summed, so the summary result is cumulative across all TM factories.
+    sess.prof.artifact_size("quoted_command_line_args", "-", command_line_args.len() as u64);
 
     let debuginfo_compression = sess.opts.debuginfo_compression.to_string();
     match sess.opts.debuginfo_compression {
@@ -288,7 +287,11 @@ pub(crate) fn target_machine_factory(
 
     let use_wasm_eh = wants_wasm_eh(sess);
 
+    let prof = SelfProfilerRef::clone(&sess.prof);
     Arc::new(move |config: TargetMachineFactoryConfig| {
+        // Self-profile timer for invoking a factory to create a target machine.
+        let _prof_timer = prof.generic_activity("target_machine_factory_inner");
+
         let path_to_cstring_helper = |path: Option<PathBuf>| -> CString {
             let path = path.unwrap_or_default();
             let path = path_mapping
@@ -323,7 +326,8 @@ pub(crate) fn target_machine_factory(
             &output_obj_file,
             &debuginfo_compression,
             use_emulated_tls,
-            &args_cstr_buff,
+            &argv0,
+            &command_line_args,
             use_wasm_eh,
         )
     })
@@ -574,7 +578,8 @@ pub(crate) unsafe fn llvm_optimize(
     // FIXME(ZuseZ4): In a future update we could figure out how to only optimize individual functions getting
     // differentiated.
 
-    let consider_ad = cfg!(llvm_enzyme) && config.autodiff.contains(&config::AutoDiff::Enable);
+    let consider_ad =
+        cfg!(feature = "llvm_enzyme") && config.autodiff.contains(&config::AutoDiff::Enable);
     let run_enzyme = autodiff_stage == AutodiffStage::DuringAD;
     let print_before_enzyme = config.autodiff.contains(&config::AutoDiff::PrintModBefore);
     let print_after_enzyme = config.autodiff.contains(&config::AutoDiff::PrintModAfter);
@@ -740,7 +745,8 @@ pub(crate) fn optimize(
 
         // If we know that we will later run AD, then we disable vectorization and loop unrolling.
         // Otherwise we pretend AD is already done and run the normal opt pipeline (=PostAD).
-        let consider_ad = cfg!(llvm_enzyme) && config.autodiff.contains(&config::AutoDiff::Enable);
+        let consider_ad =
+            cfg!(feature = "llvm_enzyme") && config.autodiff.contains(&config::AutoDiff::Enable);
         let autodiff_stage = if consider_ad { AutodiffStage::PreAD } else { AutodiffStage::PostAD };
         // The embedded bitcode is used to run LTO/ThinLTO.
         // The bitcode obtained during the `codegen` phase is no longer suitable for performing LTO.
@@ -837,7 +843,7 @@ pub(crate) fn codegen(
                         "LLVM_module_codegen_make_bitcode",
                         &*module.name,
                     );
-                    ThinBuffer::new(llmod, config.emit_thin_lto, false)
+                    ThinBuffer::new(llmod, config.emit_thin_lto)
                 };
                 let data = thin.data();
                 let _timer = cgcx
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/base.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/base.rs
index 9cc5d8dbc21..6d12b511e9c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/base.rs
@@ -105,22 +105,40 @@ pub(crate) fn compile_codegen_unit(
             if let Some(entry) =
                 maybe_create_entry_wrapper::<Builder<'_, '_, '_>>(&cx, cx.codegen_unit)
             {
-                let attrs = attributes::sanitize_attrs(&cx, SanitizerSet::empty());
+                let attrs = attributes::sanitize_attrs(&cx, tcx, SanitizerSet::empty());
                 attributes::apply_to_llfn(entry, llvm::AttributePlace::Function, &attrs);
             }
 
+            // Define Objective-C module info and module flags. Note, the module info will
+            // also be added to the `llvm.compiler.used` variable, created later.
+            //
+            // These are only necessary when we need the linker to do its Objective-C-specific
+            // magic. We could theoretically do it unconditionally, but at a slight cost to linker
+            // performance in the common case where it's unnecessary.
+            if !cx.objc_classrefs.borrow().is_empty() || !cx.objc_selrefs.borrow().is_empty() {
+                if cx.objc_abi_version() == 1 {
+                    cx.define_objc_module_info();
+                }
+                cx.add_objc_module_flags();
+            }
+
             // Finalize code coverage by injecting the coverage map. Note, the coverage map will
             // also be added to the `llvm.compiler.used` variable, created next.
             if cx.sess().instrument_coverage() {
                 cx.coverageinfo_finalize();
             }
 
-            // Create the llvm.used and llvm.compiler.used variables.
+            // Create the llvm.used variable.
             if !cx.used_statics.is_empty() {
                 cx.create_used_variable_impl(c"llvm.used", &cx.used_statics);
             }
-            if !cx.compiler_used_statics.is_empty() {
-                cx.create_used_variable_impl(c"llvm.compiler.used", &cx.compiler_used_statics);
+
+            // Create the llvm.compiler.used variable.
+            {
+                let compiler_used_statics = cx.compiler_used_statics.borrow();
+                if !compiler_used_statics.is_empty() {
+                    cx.create_used_variable_impl(c"llvm.compiler.used", &compiler_used_statics);
+                }
             }
 
             // Run replace-all-uses-with for statics that need it. This must
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/builder.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/builder.rs
index 37379586d58..a4dc4eb532f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/builder.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/builder.rs
@@ -1091,16 +1091,11 @@ impl<'a, 'll, 'tcx> BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx> for Builder<'a, 'll, 'tcx> {
         ty: Ty<'tcx>,
         lhs: Self::Value,
         rhs: Self::Value,
-    ) -> Option<Self::Value> {
-        // FIXME: See comment on the definition of `three_way_compare`.
-        if crate::llvm_util::get_version() < (20, 0, 0) {
-            return None;
-        }
-
+    ) -> Self::Value {
         let size = ty.primitive_size(self.tcx);
         let name = if ty.is_signed() { "llvm.scmp" } else { "llvm.ucmp" };
 
-        Some(self.call_intrinsic(name, &[self.type_i8(), self.type_ix(size.bits())], &[lhs, rhs]))
+        self.call_intrinsic(name, &[self.type_i8(), self.type_ix(size.bits())], &[lhs, rhs])
     }
 
     /* Miscellaneous instructions */
@@ -1392,7 +1387,7 @@ impl<'a, 'll, 'tcx> BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx> for Builder<'a, 'll, 'tcx> {
     fn call(
         &mut self,
         llty: &'ll Type,
-        fn_attrs: Option<&CodegenFnAttrs>,
+        fn_call_attrs: Option<&CodegenFnAttrs>,
         fn_abi: Option<&FnAbi<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>>>,
         llfn: &'ll Value,
         args: &[&'ll Value],
@@ -1409,10 +1404,10 @@ impl<'a, 'll, 'tcx> BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx> for Builder<'a, 'll, 'tcx> {
         }
 
         // Emit CFI pointer type membership test
-        self.cfi_type_test(fn_attrs, fn_abi, instance, llfn);
+        self.cfi_type_test(fn_call_attrs, fn_abi, instance, llfn);
 
         // Emit KCFI operand bundle
-        let kcfi_bundle = self.kcfi_operand_bundle(fn_attrs, fn_abi, instance, llfn);
+        let kcfi_bundle = self.kcfi_operand_bundle(fn_call_attrs, fn_abi, instance, llfn);
         if let Some(kcfi_bundle) = kcfi_bundle.as_ref().map(|b| b.as_ref()) {
             bundles.push(kcfi_bundle);
         }
@@ -1429,6 +1424,29 @@ impl<'a, 'll, 'tcx> BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx> for Builder<'a, 'll, 'tcx> {
                 c"".as_ptr(),
             )
         };
+
+        if let Some(instance) = instance {
+            // Attributes on the function definition being called
+            let fn_defn_attrs = self.cx.tcx.codegen_fn_attrs(instance.def_id());
+            if let Some(fn_call_attrs) = fn_call_attrs
+                && !fn_call_attrs.target_features.is_empty()
+                // If there is an inline attribute and a target feature that matches
+                // we will add the attribute to the callsite otherwise we'll omit
+                // this and not add the attribute to prevent soundness issues.
+                && let Some(inlining_rule) = attributes::inline_attr(&self.cx, self.cx.tcx, instance)
+                && self.cx.tcx.is_target_feature_call_safe(
+                    &fn_call_attrs.target_features,
+                    &fn_defn_attrs.target_features,
+                )
+            {
+                attributes::apply_to_callsite(
+                    call,
+                    llvm::AttributePlace::Function,
+                    &[inlining_rule],
+                );
+            }
+        }
+
         if let Some(fn_abi) = fn_abi {
             fn_abi.apply_attrs_callsite(self, call);
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/builder/autodiff.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/builder/autodiff.rs
index 6ddf53cdc87..b66e3dfdeec 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/builder/autodiff.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/builder/autodiff.rs
@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@ use std::ptr;
 use rustc_ast::expand::autodiff_attrs::{AutoDiffAttrs, DiffActivity, DiffMode};
 use rustc_codegen_ssa::common::TypeKind;
 use rustc_codegen_ssa::traits::{BaseTypeCodegenMethods, BuilderMethods};
-use rustc_middle::ty::{PseudoCanonicalInput, Ty, TyCtxt, TypingEnv};
+use rustc_middle::ty::{Instance, PseudoCanonicalInput, TyCtxt, TypingEnv};
 use rustc_middle::{bug, ty};
+use rustc_target::callconv::PassMode;
 use tracing::debug;
 
 use crate::builder::{Builder, PlaceRef, UNNAMED};
@@ -16,9 +17,12 @@ use crate::value::Value;
 
 pub(crate) fn adjust_activity_to_abi<'tcx>(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-    fn_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
+    instance: Instance<'tcx>,
+    typing_env: TypingEnv<'tcx>,
     da: &mut Vec<DiffActivity>,
 ) {
+    let fn_ty = instance.ty(tcx, typing_env);
+
     if !matches!(fn_ty.kind(), ty::FnDef(..)) {
         bug!("expected fn def for autodiff, got {:?}", fn_ty);
     }
@@ -27,8 +31,16 @@ pub(crate) fn adjust_activity_to_abi<'tcx>(
     // All we do is decide how to handle the arguments.
     let sig = fn_ty.fn_sig(tcx).skip_binder();
 
+    // FIXME(Sa4dUs): pass proper varargs once we have support for differentiating variadic functions
+    let Ok(fn_abi) =
+        tcx.fn_abi_of_instance(typing_env.as_query_input((instance, ty::List::empty())))
+    else {
+        bug!("failed to get fn_abi of instance with empty varargs");
+    };
+
     let mut new_activities = vec![];
     let mut new_positions = vec![];
+    let mut del_activities = 0;
     for (i, ty) in sig.inputs().iter().enumerate() {
         if let Some(inner_ty) = ty.builtin_deref(true) {
             if inner_ty.is_slice() {
@@ -80,6 +92,34 @@ pub(crate) fn adjust_activity_to_abi<'tcx>(
                 continue;
             }
         }
+
+        let pci = PseudoCanonicalInput { typing_env: TypingEnv::fully_monomorphized(), value: *ty };
+
+        let layout = match tcx.layout_of(pci) {
+            Ok(layout) => layout.layout,
+            Err(_) => {
+                bug!("failed to compute layout for type {:?}", ty);
+            }
+        };
+
+        let pass_mode = &fn_abi.args[i].mode;
+
+        // For ZST, just ignore and don't add its activity, as this arg won't be present
+        // in the LLVM passed to Enzyme.
+        // Some targets pass ZST indirectly in the C ABI, in that case, handle it as a normal arg
+        // FIXME(Sa4dUs): Enforce ZST corresponding diff activity be `Const`
+        if *pass_mode == PassMode::Ignore {
+            del_activities += 1;
+            da.remove(i);
+        }
+
+        // If the argument is lowered as a `ScalarPair`, we need to duplicate its activity.
+        // Otherwise, the number of activities won't match the number of LLVM arguments and
+        // this will lead to errors when verifying the Enzyme call.
+        if let rustc_abi::BackendRepr::ScalarPair(_, _) = layout.backend_repr() {
+            new_activities.push(da[i].clone());
+            new_positions.push(i + 1 - del_activities);
+        }
     }
     // now add the extra activities coming from slices
     // Reverse order to not invalidate the indices
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/builder/gpu_offload.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/builder/gpu_offload.rs
index 1280ab1442a..0737a18384b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/builder/gpu_offload.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/builder/gpu_offload.rs
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ fn gen_define_handling<'ll>(
     // reference) types.
     let num_ptr_types = types
         .iter()
-        .map(|&x| matches!(cx.type_kind(x), rustc_codegen_ssa::common::TypeKind::Pointer))
+        .filter(|&x| matches!(cx.type_kind(x), rustc_codegen_ssa::common::TypeKind::Pointer))
         .count();
 
     // We do not know their size anymore at this level, so hardcode a placeholder.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/common.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/common.rs
index 11b79a7fe68..aa2df46329f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/common.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/common.rs
@@ -108,6 +108,10 @@ impl<'ll, CX: Borrow<SCx<'ll>>> GenericCx<'ll, CX> {
         bytes_in_context(self.llcx(), bytes)
     }
 
+    pub(crate) fn null_terminate_const_bytes(&self, bytes: &[u8]) -> &'ll Value {
+        null_terminate_bytes_in_context(self.llcx(), bytes)
+    }
+
     pub(crate) fn const_get_elt(&self, v: &'ll Value, idx: u64) -> &'ll Value {
         unsafe {
             let idx = c_uint::try_from(idx).expect("LLVMGetAggregateElement index overflow");
@@ -381,6 +385,16 @@ pub(crate) fn bytes_in_context<'ll>(llcx: &'ll llvm::Context, bytes: &[u8]) -> &
     }
 }
 
+pub(crate) fn null_terminate_bytes_in_context<'ll>(
+    llcx: &'ll llvm::Context,
+    bytes: &[u8],
+) -> &'ll Value {
+    unsafe {
+        let ptr = bytes.as_ptr() as *const c_char;
+        llvm::LLVMConstStringInContext2(llcx, ptr, bytes.len(), FALSE)
+    }
+}
+
 pub(crate) fn named_struct<'ll>(ty: &'ll Type, elts: &[&'ll Value]) -> &'ll Value {
     let len = c_uint::try_from(elts.len()).expect("LLVMConstStructInContext elements len overflow");
     unsafe { llvm::LLVMConstNamedStruct(ty, elts.as_ptr(), len) }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/consts.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/consts.rs
index 9ec7b0f80ae..a110ecbb75d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/consts.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/consts.rs
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ use rustc_middle::mir::mono::MonoItem;
 use rustc_middle::ty::layout::{HasTypingEnv, LayoutOf};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Instance};
 use rustc_middle::{bug, span_bug};
+use rustc_span::Symbol;
 use tracing::{debug, instrument, trace};
 
 use crate::common::CodegenCx;
@@ -331,6 +332,10 @@ impl<'ll> CodegenCx<'ll, '_> {
             }
 
             g
+        } else if let Some(classname) = fn_attrs.objc_class {
+            self.get_objc_classref(classname)
+        } else if let Some(methname) = fn_attrs.objc_selector {
+            self.get_objc_selref(methname)
         } else {
             check_and_apply_linkage(self, fn_attrs, llty, sym, def_id)
         };
@@ -452,6 +457,8 @@ impl<'ll> CodegenCx<'ll, '_> {
             self.statics_to_rauw.borrow_mut().push((g, new_g));
             new_g
         };
+
+        // NOTE: Alignment from attributes has already been applied to the allocation.
         set_global_alignment(self, g, alloc.align);
         llvm::set_initializer(g, v);
 
@@ -541,8 +548,225 @@ impl<'ll> CodegenCx<'ll, '_> {
 
     /// Add a global value to a list to be stored in the `llvm.compiler.used` variable,
     /// an array of ptr.
-    pub(crate) fn add_compiler_used_global(&mut self, global: &'ll Value) {
-        self.compiler_used_statics.push(global);
+    pub(crate) fn add_compiler_used_global(&self, global: &'ll Value) {
+        self.compiler_used_statics.borrow_mut().push(global);
+    }
+
+    // We do our best here to match what Clang does when compiling Objective-C natively.
+    // See Clang's `CGObjCCommonMac::CreateCStringLiteral`:
+    // https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/llvmorg-20.1.8/clang/lib/CodeGen/CGObjCMac.cpp#L4134
+    fn define_objc_classname(&self, classname: &str) -> &'ll Value {
+        assert_eq!(self.objc_abi_version(), 1);
+
+        let llval = self.null_terminate_const_bytes(classname.as_bytes());
+        let llty = self.val_ty(llval);
+        let sym = self.generate_local_symbol_name("OBJC_CLASS_NAME_");
+        let g = self.define_global(&sym, llty).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+            bug!("symbol `{}` is already defined", sym);
+        });
+        set_global_alignment(self, g, self.tcx.data_layout.i8_align.abi);
+        llvm::set_initializer(g, llval);
+        llvm::set_linkage(g, llvm::Linkage::PrivateLinkage);
+        llvm::set_section(g, c"__TEXT,__cstring,cstring_literals");
+        llvm::LLVMSetGlobalConstant(g, llvm::TRUE);
+        llvm::LLVMSetUnnamedAddress(g, llvm::UnnamedAddr::Global);
+        self.add_compiler_used_global(g);
+
+        g
+    }
+
+    // We do our best here to match what Clang does when compiling Objective-C natively.
+    // See Clang's `ObjCNonFragileABITypesHelper`:
+    // https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/llvmorg-20.1.8/clang/lib/CodeGen/CGObjCMac.cpp#L6052
+    fn get_objc_class_t(&self) -> &'ll Type {
+        if let Some(class_t) = self.objc_class_t.get() {
+            return class_t;
+        }
+
+        assert_eq!(self.objc_abi_version(), 2);
+
+        // struct _class_t {
+        //     struct _class_t* isa;
+        //     struct _class_t* const superclass;
+        //     void* cache;
+        //     IMP* vtable;
+        //     struct class_ro_t* ro;
+        // }
+
+        let class_t = self.type_named_struct("struct._class_t");
+        let els = [self.type_ptr(); 5];
+        let packed = false;
+        self.set_struct_body(class_t, &els, packed);
+
+        self.objc_class_t.set(Some(class_t));
+        class_t
+    }
+
+    // We do our best here to match what Clang does when compiling Objective-C natively. We
+    // deduplicate references within a CGU, but we need a reference definition in each referencing
+    // CGU. All attempts at using external references to a single reference definition result in
+    // linker errors.
+    fn get_objc_classref(&self, classname: Symbol) -> &'ll Value {
+        let mut classrefs = self.objc_classrefs.borrow_mut();
+        if let Some(classref) = classrefs.get(&classname).copied() {
+            return classref;
+        }
+
+        let g = match self.objc_abi_version() {
+            1 => {
+                // See Clang's `CGObjCMac::EmitClassRefFromId`:
+                // https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/llvmorg-20.1.8/clang/lib/CodeGen/CGObjCMac.cpp#L5205
+                let llval = self.define_objc_classname(classname.as_str());
+                let llty = self.type_ptr();
+                let sym = self.generate_local_symbol_name("OBJC_CLASS_REFERENCES_");
+                let g = self.define_global(&sym, llty).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+                    bug!("symbol `{}` is already defined", sym);
+                });
+                set_global_alignment(self, g, self.tcx.data_layout.pointer_align().abi);
+                llvm::set_initializer(g, llval);
+                llvm::set_linkage(g, llvm::Linkage::PrivateLinkage);
+                llvm::set_section(g, c"__OBJC,__cls_refs,literal_pointers,no_dead_strip");
+                self.add_compiler_used_global(g);
+                g
+            }
+            2 => {
+                // See Clang's `CGObjCNonFragileABIMac::EmitClassRefFromId`:
+                // https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/llvmorg-20.1.8/clang/lib/CodeGen/CGObjCMac.cpp#L7423
+                let llval = {
+                    let extern_sym = format!("OBJC_CLASS_$_{}", classname.as_str());
+                    let extern_llty = self.get_objc_class_t();
+                    self.declare_global(&extern_sym, extern_llty)
+                };
+                let llty = self.type_ptr();
+                let sym = self.generate_local_symbol_name("OBJC_CLASSLIST_REFERENCES_$_");
+                let g = self.define_global(&sym, llty).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+                    bug!("symbol `{}` is already defined", sym);
+                });
+                set_global_alignment(self, g, self.tcx.data_layout.pointer_align().abi);
+                llvm::set_initializer(g, llval);
+                llvm::set_linkage(g, llvm::Linkage::InternalLinkage);
+                llvm::set_section(g, c"__DATA,__objc_classrefs,regular,no_dead_strip");
+                self.add_compiler_used_global(g);
+                g
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        };
+
+        classrefs.insert(classname, g);
+        g
+    }
+
+    // We do our best here to match what Clang does when compiling Objective-C natively. We
+    // deduplicate references within a CGU, but we need a reference definition in each referencing
+    // CGU. All attempts at using external references to a single reference definition result in
+    // linker errors.
+    //
+    // Newer versions of Apple Clang generate calls to `@"objc_msgSend$methname"` selector stub
+    // functions. We don't currently do that. The code we generate is closer to what Apple Clang
+    // generates with the `-fno-objc-msgsend-selector-stubs` option.
+    fn get_objc_selref(&self, methname: Symbol) -> &'ll Value {
+        let mut selrefs = self.objc_selrefs.borrow_mut();
+        if let Some(selref) = selrefs.get(&methname).copied() {
+            return selref;
+        }
+
+        let abi_version = self.objc_abi_version();
+
+        // See Clang's `CGObjCCommonMac::CreateCStringLiteral`:
+        // https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/llvmorg-20.1.8/clang/lib/CodeGen/CGObjCMac.cpp#L4134
+        let methname_llval = self.null_terminate_const_bytes(methname.as_str().as_bytes());
+        let methname_llty = self.val_ty(methname_llval);
+        let methname_sym = self.generate_local_symbol_name("OBJC_METH_VAR_NAME_");
+        let methname_g = self.define_global(&methname_sym, methname_llty).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+            bug!("symbol `{}` is already defined", methname_sym);
+        });
+        set_global_alignment(self, methname_g, self.tcx.data_layout.i8_align.abi);
+        llvm::set_initializer(methname_g, methname_llval);
+        llvm::set_linkage(methname_g, llvm::Linkage::PrivateLinkage);
+        llvm::set_section(
+            methname_g,
+            match abi_version {
+                1 => c"__TEXT,__cstring,cstring_literals",
+                2 => c"__TEXT,__objc_methname,cstring_literals",
+                _ => unreachable!(),
+            },
+        );
+        llvm::LLVMSetGlobalConstant(methname_g, llvm::TRUE);
+        llvm::LLVMSetUnnamedAddress(methname_g, llvm::UnnamedAddr::Global);
+        self.add_compiler_used_global(methname_g);
+
+        // See Clang's `CGObjCMac::EmitSelectorAddr`:
+        // https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/llvmorg-20.1.8/clang/lib/CodeGen/CGObjCMac.cpp#L5243
+        // And Clang's `CGObjCNonFragileABIMac::EmitSelectorAddr`:
+        // https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/llvmorg-20.1.8/clang/lib/CodeGen/CGObjCMac.cpp#L7586
+        let selref_llval = methname_g;
+        let selref_llty = self.type_ptr();
+        let selref_sym = self.generate_local_symbol_name("OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_");
+        let selref_g = self.define_global(&selref_sym, selref_llty).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+            bug!("symbol `{}` is already defined", selref_sym);
+        });
+        set_global_alignment(self, selref_g, self.tcx.data_layout.pointer_align().abi);
+        llvm::set_initializer(selref_g, selref_llval);
+        llvm::set_externally_initialized(selref_g, true);
+        llvm::set_linkage(
+            selref_g,
+            match abi_version {
+                1 => llvm::Linkage::PrivateLinkage,
+                2 => llvm::Linkage::InternalLinkage,
+                _ => unreachable!(),
+            },
+        );
+        llvm::set_section(
+            selref_g,
+            match abi_version {
+                1 => c"__OBJC,__message_refs,literal_pointers,no_dead_strip",
+                2 => c"__DATA,__objc_selrefs,literal_pointers,no_dead_strip",
+                _ => unreachable!(),
+            },
+        );
+        self.add_compiler_used_global(selref_g);
+
+        selrefs.insert(methname, selref_g);
+        selref_g
+    }
+
+    // We do our best here to match what Clang does when compiling Objective-C natively.
+    // See Clang's `ObjCTypesHelper`:
+    // https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/llvmorg-20.1.8/clang/lib/CodeGen/CGObjCMac.cpp#L5936
+    // And Clang's `CGObjCMac::EmitModuleInfo`:
+    // https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/llvmorg-20.1.8/clang/lib/CodeGen/CGObjCMac.cpp#L5151
+    pub(crate) fn define_objc_module_info(&mut self) {
+        assert_eq!(self.objc_abi_version(), 1);
+
+        // struct _objc_module {
+        //     long version;                // Hardcoded to 7 in Clang.
+        //     long size;                   // sizeof(struct _objc_module)
+        //     char* name;                  // Hardcoded to classname "" in Clang.
+        //     struct _objc_symtab* symtab; // Null without class or category definitions.
+        //  }
+
+        let llty = self.type_named_struct("struct._objc_module");
+        let i32_llty = self.type_i32();
+        let ptr_llty = self.type_ptr();
+        let packed = false;
+        self.set_struct_body(llty, &[i32_llty, i32_llty, ptr_llty, ptr_llty], packed);
+
+        let version = self.const_uint(i32_llty, 7);
+        let size = self.const_uint(i32_llty, 16);
+        let name = self.define_objc_classname("");
+        let symtab = self.const_null(ptr_llty);
+        let llval = crate::common::named_struct(llty, &[version, size, name, symtab]);
+
+        let sym = "OBJC_MODULES";
+        let g = self.define_global(&sym, llty).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+            bug!("symbol `{}` is already defined", sym);
+        });
+        set_global_alignment(self, g, self.tcx.data_layout.pointer_align().abi);
+        llvm::set_initializer(g, llval);
+        llvm::set_linkage(g, llvm::Linkage::PrivateLinkage);
+        llvm::set_section(g, c"__OBJC,__module_info,regular,no_dead_strip");
+
+        self.add_compiler_used_global(g);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/context.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/context.rs
index 4fd6110ac4a..aa5c17269fb 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/context.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/context.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ use rustc_session::config::{
     BranchProtection, CFGuard, CFProtection, CrateType, DebugInfo, FunctionReturn, PAuthKey, PacRet,
 };
 use rustc_span::source_map::Spanned;
-use rustc_span::{DUMMY_SP, Span};
+use rustc_span::{DUMMY_SP, Span, Symbol};
 use rustc_symbol_mangling::mangle_internal_symbol;
 use rustc_target::spec::{HasTargetSpec, RelocModel, SmallDataThresholdSupport, Target, TlsModel};
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ pub(crate) struct FullCx<'ll, 'tcx> {
 
     /// Statics that will be placed in the llvm.compiler.used variable
     /// See <https://llvm.org/docs/LangRef.html#the-llvm-compiler-used-global-variable> for details
-    pub compiler_used_statics: Vec<&'ll Value>,
+    pub compiler_used_statics: RefCell<Vec<&'ll Value>>,
 
     /// Mapping of non-scalar types to llvm types.
     pub type_lowering: RefCell<FxHashMap<(Ty<'tcx>, Option<VariantIdx>), &'ll Type>>,
@@ -146,6 +146,15 @@ pub(crate) struct FullCx<'ll, 'tcx> {
     /// `global_asm!` needs to be able to find this new global so that it can
     /// compute the correct mangled symbol name to insert into the asm.
     pub renamed_statics: RefCell<FxHashMap<DefId, &'ll Value>>,
+
+    /// Cached Objective-C class type
+    pub objc_class_t: Cell<Option<&'ll Type>>,
+
+    /// Cache of Objective-C class references
+    pub objc_classrefs: RefCell<FxHashMap<Symbol, &'ll Value>>,
+
+    /// Cache of Objective-C selector references
+    pub objc_selrefs: RefCell<FxHashMap<Symbol, &'ll Value>>,
 }
 
 fn to_llvm_tls_model(tls_model: TlsModel) -> llvm::ThreadLocalMode {
@@ -172,35 +181,6 @@ pub(crate) unsafe fn create_module<'ll>(
     let mut target_data_layout = sess.target.data_layout.to_string();
     let llvm_version = llvm_util::get_version();
 
-    if llvm_version < (20, 0, 0) {
-        if sess.target.arch == "aarch64" || sess.target.arch.starts_with("arm64") {
-            // LLVM 20 defines three additional address spaces for alternate
-            // pointer kinds used in Windows.
-            // See https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/111879
-            target_data_layout =
-                target_data_layout.replace("-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64", "");
-        }
-        if sess.target.arch.starts_with("sparc") {
-            // LLVM 20 updates the sparc layout to correctly align 128 bit integers to 128 bit.
-            // See https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/106951
-            target_data_layout = target_data_layout.replace("-i128:128", "");
-        }
-        if sess.target.arch.starts_with("mips64") {
-            // LLVM 20 updates the mips64 layout to correctly align 128 bit integers to 128 bit.
-            // See https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/112084
-            target_data_layout = target_data_layout.replace("-i128:128", "");
-        }
-        if sess.target.arch.starts_with("powerpc64") {
-            // LLVM 20 updates the powerpc64 layout to correctly align 128 bit integers to 128 bit.
-            // See https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/118004
-            target_data_layout = target_data_layout.replace("-i128:128", "");
-        }
-        if sess.target.arch.starts_with("wasm32") || sess.target.arch.starts_with("wasm64") {
-            // LLVM 20 updates the wasm(32|64) layout to correctly align 128 bit integers to 128 bit.
-            // See https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/119204
-            target_data_layout = target_data_layout.replace("-i128:128", "");
-        }
-    }
     if llvm_version < (21, 0, 0) {
         if sess.target.arch == "nvptx64" {
             // LLVM 21 updated the default layout on nvptx: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/124961
@@ -217,6 +197,10 @@ pub(crate) unsafe fn create_module<'ll>(
             // LLVM 22.0 updated the default layout on avr: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/153010
             target_data_layout = target_data_layout.replace("n8:16", "n8")
         }
+        if sess.target.arch == "nvptx64" {
+            // LLVM 22 updated the NVPTX layout to indicate 256-bit vector load/store: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/155198
+            target_data_layout = target_data_layout.replace("-i256:256", "");
+        }
     }
 
     // Ensure the data-layout values hardcoded remain the defaults.
@@ -386,7 +370,8 @@ pub(crate) unsafe fn create_module<'ll>(
         );
     }
 
-    if let Some(BranchProtection { bti, pac_ret }) = sess.opts.unstable_opts.branch_protection {
+    if let Some(BranchProtection { bti, pac_ret, gcs }) = sess.opts.unstable_opts.branch_protection
+    {
         if sess.target.arch == "aarch64" {
             llvm::add_module_flag_u32(
                 llmod,
@@ -419,6 +404,12 @@ pub(crate) unsafe fn create_module<'ll>(
                 "sign-return-address-with-bkey",
                 u32::from(pac_opts.key == PAuthKey::B),
             );
+            llvm::add_module_flag_u32(
+                llmod,
+                llvm::ModuleFlagMergeBehavior::Min,
+                "guarded-control-stack",
+                gcs.into(),
+            );
         } else {
             bug!(
                 "branch-protection used on non-AArch64 target; \
@@ -640,7 +631,7 @@ impl<'ll, 'tcx> CodegenCx<'ll, 'tcx> {
                 const_globals: Default::default(),
                 statics_to_rauw: RefCell::new(Vec::new()),
                 used_statics: Vec::new(),
-                compiler_used_statics: Vec::new(),
+                compiler_used_statics: Default::default(),
                 type_lowering: Default::default(),
                 scalar_lltypes: Default::default(),
                 coverage_cx,
@@ -651,6 +642,9 @@ impl<'ll, 'tcx> CodegenCx<'ll, 'tcx> {
                 intrinsics: Default::default(),
                 local_gen_sym_counter: Cell::new(0),
                 renamed_statics: Default::default(),
+                objc_class_t: Cell::new(None),
+                objc_classrefs: Default::default(),
+                objc_selrefs: Default::default(),
             },
             PhantomData,
         )
@@ -675,6 +669,69 @@ impl<'ll, 'tcx> CodegenCx<'ll, 'tcx> {
         llvm::set_linkage(g, llvm::Linkage::AppendingLinkage);
         llvm::set_section(g, c"llvm.metadata");
     }
+
+    /// The Objective-C ABI that is used.
+    ///
+    /// This corresponds to the `-fobjc-abi-version=` flag in Clang / GCC.
+    pub(crate) fn objc_abi_version(&self) -> u32 {
+        assert!(self.tcx.sess.target.is_like_darwin);
+        if self.tcx.sess.target.arch == "x86" && self.tcx.sess.target.os == "macos" {
+            // 32-bit x86 macOS uses ABI version 1 (a.k.a. the "fragile ABI").
+            1
+        } else {
+            // All other Darwin-like targets we support use ABI version 2
+            // (a.k.a the "non-fragile ABI").
+            2
+        }
+    }
+
+    // We do our best here to match what Clang does when compiling Objective-C natively.
+    // See Clang's `CGObjCCommonMac::EmitImageInfo`:
+    // https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/llvmorg-20.1.8/clang/lib/CodeGen/CGObjCMac.cpp#L5085
+    pub(crate) fn add_objc_module_flags(&self) {
+        let abi_version = self.objc_abi_version();
+
+        llvm::add_module_flag_u32(
+            self.llmod,
+            llvm::ModuleFlagMergeBehavior::Error,
+            "Objective-C Version",
+            abi_version,
+        );
+
+        llvm::add_module_flag_u32(
+            self.llmod,
+            llvm::ModuleFlagMergeBehavior::Error,
+            "Objective-C Image Info Version",
+            0,
+        );
+
+        llvm::add_module_flag_str(
+            self.llmod,
+            llvm::ModuleFlagMergeBehavior::Error,
+            "Objective-C Image Info Section",
+            match abi_version {
+                1 => "__OBJC,__image_info,regular",
+                2 => "__DATA,__objc_imageinfo,regular,no_dead_strip",
+                _ => unreachable!(),
+            },
+        );
+
+        if self.tcx.sess.target.env == "sim" {
+            llvm::add_module_flag_u32(
+                self.llmod,
+                llvm::ModuleFlagMergeBehavior::Error,
+                "Objective-C Is Simulated",
+                1 << 5,
+            );
+        }
+
+        llvm::add_module_flag_u32(
+            self.llmod,
+            llvm::ModuleFlagMergeBehavior::Error,
+            "Objective-C Class Properties",
+            1 << 6,
+        );
+    }
 }
 impl<'ll> SimpleCx<'ll> {
     pub(crate) fn get_type_of_global(&self, val: &'ll Value) -> &'ll Type {
@@ -819,7 +876,7 @@ impl<'ll, 'tcx> MiscCodegenMethods<'tcx> for CodegenCx<'ll, 'tcx> {
                 } else {
                     let fty = self.type_variadic_func(&[], self.type_i32());
                     let llfn = self.declare_cfn(name, llvm::UnnamedAddr::Global, fty);
-                    let target_cpu = attributes::target_cpu_attr(self);
+                    let target_cpu = attributes::target_cpu_attr(self, self.sess());
                     attributes::apply_to_llfn(llfn, llvm::AttributePlace::Function, &[target_cpu]);
                     llfn
                 }
@@ -834,22 +891,22 @@ impl<'ll, 'tcx> MiscCodegenMethods<'tcx> for CodegenCx<'ll, 'tcx> {
     }
 
     fn set_frame_pointer_type(&self, llfn: &'ll Value) {
-        if let Some(attr) = attributes::frame_pointer_type_attr(self) {
+        if let Some(attr) = attributes::frame_pointer_type_attr(self, self.sess()) {
             attributes::apply_to_llfn(llfn, llvm::AttributePlace::Function, &[attr]);
         }
     }
 
     fn apply_target_cpu_attr(&self, llfn: &'ll Value) {
         let mut attrs = SmallVec::<[_; 2]>::new();
-        attrs.push(attributes::target_cpu_attr(self));
-        attrs.extend(attributes::tune_cpu_attr(self));
+        attrs.push(attributes::target_cpu_attr(self, self.sess()));
+        attrs.extend(attributes::tune_cpu_attr(self, self.sess()));
         attributes::apply_to_llfn(llfn, llvm::AttributePlace::Function, &attrs);
     }
 
     fn declare_c_main(&self, fn_type: Self::Type) -> Option<Self::Function> {
         let entry_name = self.sess().target.entry_name.as_ref();
         if self.get_declared_value(entry_name).is_none() {
-            Some(self.declare_entry_fn(
+            let llfn = self.declare_entry_fn(
                 entry_name,
                 llvm::CallConv::from_conv(
                     self.sess().target.entry_abi,
@@ -857,7 +914,13 @@ impl<'ll, 'tcx> MiscCodegenMethods<'tcx> for CodegenCx<'ll, 'tcx> {
                 ),
                 llvm::UnnamedAddr::Global,
                 fn_type,
-            ))
+            );
+            attributes::apply_to_llfn(
+                llfn,
+                llvm::AttributePlace::Function,
+                attributes::target_features_attr(self, self.tcx, vec![]).as_slice(),
+            );
+            Some(llfn)
         } else {
             // If the symbol already exists, it is an error: for example, the user wrote
             // #[no_mangle] extern "C" fn main(..) {..}
@@ -981,7 +1044,10 @@ impl<'tcx, 'll> HasTypingEnv<'tcx> for CodegenCx<'ll, 'tcx> {
 impl<'tcx> LayoutOfHelpers<'tcx> for CodegenCx<'_, 'tcx> {
     #[inline]
     fn handle_layout_err(&self, err: LayoutError<'tcx>, span: Span, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> ! {
-        if let LayoutError::SizeOverflow(_) | LayoutError::ReferencesError(_) = err {
+        if let LayoutError::SizeOverflow(_)
+        | LayoutError::ReferencesError(_)
+        | LayoutError::InvalidSimd { .. } = err
+        {
             self.tcx.dcx().emit_fatal(Spanned { span, node: err.into_diagnostic() })
         } else {
             self.tcx.dcx().emit_fatal(ssa_errors::FailedToGetLayout { span, ty, err })
@@ -998,7 +1064,11 @@ impl<'tcx> FnAbiOfHelpers<'tcx> for CodegenCx<'_, 'tcx> {
         fn_abi_request: FnAbiRequest<'tcx>,
     ) -> ! {
         match err {
-            FnAbiError::Layout(LayoutError::SizeOverflow(_) | LayoutError::Cycle(_)) => {
+            FnAbiError::Layout(
+                LayoutError::SizeOverflow(_)
+                | LayoutError::Cycle(_)
+                | LayoutError::InvalidSimd { .. },
+            ) => {
                 self.tcx.dcx().emit_fatal(Spanned { span, node: err });
             }
             _ => match fn_abi_request {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/gdb.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/gdb.rs
index 7a6dc008c7b..3081badb821 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/gdb.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/gdb.rs
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 
 use rustc_codegen_ssa::base::collect_debugger_visualizers_transitive;
 use rustc_codegen_ssa::traits::*;
+use rustc_hir::attrs::DebuggerVisualizerType;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::LOCAL_CRATE;
 use rustc_middle::bug;
-use rustc_middle::middle::debugger_visualizer::DebuggerVisualizerType;
 use rustc_session::config::{CrateType, DebugInfo};
 
 use crate::builder::Builder;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/metadata.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/metadata.rs
index caa3369f413..4b74c04ed7a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/metadata.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/metadata.rs
@@ -32,9 +32,7 @@ use self::type_map::{DINodeCreationResult, Stub, UniqueTypeId};
 use super::CodegenUnitDebugContext;
 use super::namespace::mangled_name_of_instance;
 use super::type_names::{compute_debuginfo_type_name, compute_debuginfo_vtable_name};
-use super::utils::{
-    DIB, create_DIArray, debug_context, get_namespace_for_item, is_node_local_to_unit,
-};
+use super::utils::{DIB, debug_context, get_namespace_for_item, is_node_local_to_unit};
 use crate::common::{AsCCharPtr, CodegenCx};
 use crate::debuginfo::dwarf_const;
 use crate::debuginfo::metadata::type_map::build_type_with_children;
@@ -103,32 +101,33 @@ fn build_fixed_size_array_di_node<'ll, 'tcx>(
     cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, 'tcx>,
     unique_type_id: UniqueTypeId<'tcx>,
     array_type: Ty<'tcx>,
+    span: Span,
 ) -> DINodeCreationResult<'ll> {
     let ty::Array(element_type, len) = array_type.kind() else {
         bug!("build_fixed_size_array_di_node() called with non-ty::Array type `{:?}`", array_type)
     };
 
-    let element_type_di_node = type_di_node(cx, *element_type);
+    let element_type_di_node = spanned_type_di_node(cx, *element_type, span);
 
     return_if_di_node_created_in_meantime!(cx, unique_type_id);
 
-    let (size, align) = cx.size_and_align_of(array_type);
+    let (size, align) = cx.spanned_size_and_align_of(array_type, span);
 
     let upper_bound = len
         .try_to_target_usize(cx.tcx)
         .expect("expected monomorphic const in codegen") as c_longlong;
 
-    let subrange =
-        unsafe { Some(llvm::LLVMRustDIBuilderGetOrCreateSubrange(DIB(cx), 0, upper_bound)) };
+    let subrange = unsafe { llvm::LLVMDIBuilderGetOrCreateSubrange(DIB(cx), 0, upper_bound) };
+    let subscripts = &[subrange];
 
-    let subscripts = create_DIArray(DIB(cx), &[subrange]);
     let di_node = unsafe {
-        llvm::LLVMRustDIBuilderCreateArrayType(
+        llvm::LLVMDIBuilderCreateArrayType(
             DIB(cx),
             size.bits(),
             align.bits() as u32,
             element_type_di_node,
-            subscripts,
+            subscripts.as_ptr(),
+            subscripts.len() as c_uint,
         )
     };
 
@@ -174,17 +173,13 @@ fn build_pointer_or_reference_di_node<'ll, 'tcx>(
                 "ptr_type={ptr_type}, pointee_type={pointee_type}",
             );
 
-            let di_node = unsafe {
-                llvm::LLVMRustDIBuilderCreatePointerType(
-                    DIB(cx),
-                    pointee_type_di_node,
-                    pointer_size.bits(),
-                    pointer_align.abi.bits() as u32,
-                    0, // Ignore DWARF address space.
-                    ptr_type_debuginfo_name.as_c_char_ptr(),
-                    ptr_type_debuginfo_name.len(),
-                )
-            };
+            let di_node = create_pointer_type(
+                cx,
+                pointee_type_di_node,
+                pointer_size,
+                pointer_align.abi,
+                &ptr_type_debuginfo_name,
+            );
 
             DINodeCreationResult { di_node, already_stored_in_typemap: false }
         }
@@ -232,17 +227,13 @@ fn build_pointer_or_reference_di_node<'ll, 'tcx>(
 
                     // The data pointer type is a regular, thin pointer, regardless of whether this
                     // is a slice or a trait object.
-                    let data_ptr_type_di_node = unsafe {
-                        llvm::LLVMRustDIBuilderCreatePointerType(
-                            DIB(cx),
-                            pointee_type_di_node,
-                            addr_field.size.bits(),
-                            addr_field.align.abi.bits() as u32,
-                            0, // Ignore DWARF address space.
-                            std::ptr::null(),
-                            0,
-                        )
-                    };
+                    let data_ptr_type_di_node = create_pointer_type(
+                        cx,
+                        pointee_type_di_node,
+                        addr_field.size,
+                        addr_field.align.abi,
+                        "",
+                    );
 
                     smallvec![
                         build_field_di_node(
@@ -317,7 +308,7 @@ fn build_subroutine_type_di_node<'ll, 'tcx>(
 
     debug_context(cx).type_map.unique_id_to_di_node.borrow_mut().remove(&unique_type_id);
 
-    let fn_di_node = create_subroutine_type(cx, create_DIArray(DIB(cx), &signature_di_nodes[..]));
+    let fn_di_node = create_subroutine_type(cx, &signature_di_nodes[..]);
 
     // This is actually a function pointer, so wrap it in pointer DI.
     let name = compute_debuginfo_type_name(cx.tcx, fn_ty, false);
@@ -328,26 +319,44 @@ fn build_subroutine_type_di_node<'ll, 'tcx>(
         }
         _ => unreachable!(),
     };
-    let di_node = unsafe {
-        llvm::LLVMRustDIBuilderCreatePointerType(
-            DIB(cx),
-            fn_di_node,
-            size.bits(),
-            align.bits() as u32,
-            0, // Ignore DWARF address space.
-            name.as_c_char_ptr(),
-            name.len(),
-        )
-    };
+    let di_node = create_pointer_type(cx, fn_di_node, size, align, &name);
 
     DINodeCreationResult::new(di_node, false)
 }
 
 pub(super) fn create_subroutine_type<'ll>(
     cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, '_>,
-    signature: &'ll DICompositeType,
+    signature: &[Option<&'ll llvm::Metadata>],
 ) -> &'ll DICompositeType {
-    unsafe { llvm::LLVMRustDIBuilderCreateSubroutineType(DIB(cx), signature) }
+    unsafe {
+        llvm::LLVMDIBuilderCreateSubroutineType(
+            DIB(cx),
+            None, // ("File" is ignored and has no effect)
+            signature.as_ptr(),
+            signature.len() as c_uint,
+            DIFlags::FlagZero, // (default value)
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+fn create_pointer_type<'ll>(
+    cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, '_>,
+    pointee_ty: &'ll llvm::Metadata,
+    size: Size,
+    align: Align,
+    name: &str,
+) -> &'ll llvm::Metadata {
+    unsafe {
+        llvm::LLVMDIBuilderCreatePointerType(
+            DIB(cx),
+            pointee_ty,
+            size.bits(),
+            align.bits() as u32,
+            0, // Ignore DWARF address space.
+            name.as_ptr(),
+            name.len(),
+        )
+    }
 }
 
 /// Create debuginfo for `dyn SomeTrait` types. Currently these are empty structs
@@ -447,7 +456,7 @@ pub(crate) fn spanned_type_di_node<'ll, 'tcx>(
             build_basic_type_di_node(cx, t)
         }
         ty::Tuple(elements) if elements.is_empty() => build_basic_type_di_node(cx, t),
-        ty::Array(..) => build_fixed_size_array_di_node(cx, unique_type_id, t),
+        ty::Array(..) => build_fixed_size_array_di_node(cx, unique_type_id, t, span),
         ty::Slice(_) | ty::Str => build_slice_type_di_node(cx, t, unique_type_id),
         ty::Dynamic(..) => build_dyn_type_di_node(cx, t, unique_type_id),
         ty::Foreign(..) => build_foreign_type_di_node(cx, t, unique_type_id),
@@ -468,8 +477,8 @@ pub(crate) fn spanned_type_di_node<'ll, 'tcx>(
         ty::CoroutineClosure(..) => build_closure_env_di_node(cx, unique_type_id),
         ty::Coroutine(..) => enums::build_coroutine_di_node(cx, unique_type_id),
         ty::Adt(def, ..) => match def.adt_kind() {
-            AdtKind::Struct => build_struct_type_di_node(cx, unique_type_id),
-            AdtKind::Union => build_union_type_di_node(cx, unique_type_id),
+            AdtKind::Struct => build_struct_type_di_node(cx, unique_type_id, span),
+            AdtKind::Union => build_union_type_di_node(cx, unique_type_id, span),
             AdtKind::Enum => enums::build_enum_type_di_node(cx, unique_type_id, span),
         },
         ty::Tuple(_) => build_tuple_type_di_node(cx, unique_type_id),
@@ -812,14 +821,15 @@ fn build_basic_type_di_node<'ll, 'tcx>(
     };
 
     let typedef_di_node = unsafe {
-        llvm::LLVMRustDIBuilderCreateTypedef(
+        llvm::LLVMDIBuilderCreateTypedef(
             DIB(cx),
             ty_di_node,
-            typedef_name.as_c_char_ptr(),
+            typedef_name.as_ptr(),
             typedef_name.len(),
             unknown_file_metadata(cx),
-            0,
-            None,
+            0,    // (no line number)
+            None, // (no scope)
+            0u32, // (no alignment specified)
         )
     };
 
@@ -833,12 +843,13 @@ fn create_basic_type<'ll, 'tcx>(
     encoding: u32,
 ) -> &'ll DIBasicType {
     unsafe {
-        llvm::LLVMRustDIBuilderCreateBasicType(
+        llvm::LLVMDIBuilderCreateBasicType(
             DIB(cx),
-            name.as_c_char_ptr(),
+            name.as_ptr(),
             name.len(),
             size.bits(),
             encoding,
+            DIFlags::FlagZero,
         )
     }
 }
@@ -1024,10 +1035,10 @@ fn create_member_type<'ll, 'tcx>(
     type_di_node: &'ll DIType,
 ) -> &'ll DIType {
     unsafe {
-        llvm::LLVMRustDIBuilderCreateMemberType(
+        llvm::LLVMDIBuilderCreateMemberType(
             DIB(cx),
             owner,
-            name.as_c_char_ptr(),
+            name.as_ptr(),
             name.len(),
             file_metadata,
             line_number,
@@ -1065,6 +1076,7 @@ fn visibility_di_flags<'ll, 'tcx>(
 fn build_struct_type_di_node<'ll, 'tcx>(
     cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, 'tcx>,
     unique_type_id: UniqueTypeId<'tcx>,
+    span: Span,
 ) -> DINodeCreationResult<'ll> {
     let struct_type = unique_type_id.expect_ty();
     let ty::Adt(adt_def, _) = struct_type.kind() else {
@@ -1072,7 +1084,7 @@ fn build_struct_type_di_node<'ll, 'tcx>(
     };
     assert!(adt_def.is_struct());
     let containing_scope = get_namespace_for_item(cx, adt_def.did());
-    let struct_type_and_layout = cx.layout_of(struct_type);
+    let struct_type_and_layout = cx.spanned_layout_of(struct_type, span);
     let variant_def = adt_def.non_enum_variant();
     let def_location = if cx.sess().opts.unstable_opts.debug_info_type_line_numbers {
         Some(file_metadata_from_def_id(cx, Some(adt_def.did())))
@@ -1265,6 +1277,7 @@ fn build_closure_env_di_node<'ll, 'tcx>(
 fn build_union_type_di_node<'ll, 'tcx>(
     cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, 'tcx>,
     unique_type_id: UniqueTypeId<'tcx>,
+    span: Span,
 ) -> DINodeCreationResult<'ll> {
     let union_type = unique_type_id.expect_ty();
     let (union_def_id, variant_def) = match union_type.kind() {
@@ -1272,7 +1285,7 @@ fn build_union_type_di_node<'ll, 'tcx>(
         _ => bug!("build_union_type_di_node on a non-ADT"),
     };
     let containing_scope = get_namespace_for_item(cx, union_def_id);
-    let union_ty_and_layout = cx.layout_of(union_type);
+    let union_ty_and_layout = cx.spanned_layout_of(union_type, span);
     let type_name = compute_debuginfo_type_name(cx.tcx, union_type, false);
     let def_location = if cx.sess().opts.unstable_opts.debug_info_type_line_numbers {
         Some(file_metadata_from_def_id(cx, Some(union_def_id)))
@@ -1435,7 +1448,7 @@ fn build_vtable_type_di_node<'ll, 'tcx>(
 
     let vtable_entries = if let Some(poly_trait_ref) = poly_trait_ref {
         let trait_ref = poly_trait_ref.with_self_ty(tcx, ty);
-        let trait_ref = tcx.erase_regions(trait_ref);
+        let trait_ref = tcx.erase_and_anonymize_regions(trait_ref);
 
         tcx.vtable_entries(trait_ref)
     } else {
@@ -1562,7 +1575,7 @@ pub(crate) fn apply_vcall_visibility_metadata<'ll, 'tcx>(
     // Unwrap potential addrspacecast
     let vtable = find_vtable_behind_cast(vtable);
     let trait_ref_self = trait_ref.with_self_ty(cx.tcx, ty);
-    let trait_ref_self = cx.tcx.erase_regions(trait_ref_self);
+    let trait_ref_self = cx.tcx.erase_and_anonymize_regions(trait_ref_self);
     let trait_def_id = trait_ref_self.def_id;
     let trait_vis = cx.tcx.visibility(trait_def_id);
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/metadata/enums/cpp_like.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/metadata/enums/cpp_like.rs
index a5c80895741..4ecc3086e1b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/metadata/enums/cpp_like.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/metadata/enums/cpp_like.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use rustc_middle::ty::layout::{LayoutOf, TyAndLayout};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, AdtDef, CoroutineArgs, CoroutineArgsExt, Ty};
 use smallvec::smallvec;
 
-use crate::common::{AsCCharPtr, CodegenCx};
+use crate::common::CodegenCx;
 use crate::debuginfo::dwarf_const::DW_TAG_const_type;
 use crate::debuginfo::metadata::enums::DiscrResult;
 use crate::debuginfo::metadata::type_map::{self, Stub, UniqueTypeId};
@@ -378,20 +378,17 @@ fn build_single_variant_union_fields<'ll, 'tcx>(
             variant_struct_type_wrapper_di_node,
             None,
         ),
-        unsafe {
-            llvm::LLVMRustDIBuilderCreateStaticMemberType(
-                DIB(cx),
-                enum_type_di_node,
-                TAG_FIELD_NAME.as_c_char_ptr(),
-                TAG_FIELD_NAME.len(),
-                unknown_file_metadata(cx),
-                UNKNOWN_LINE_NUMBER,
-                variant_names_type_di_node,
-                visibility_flags,
-                Some(cx.const_u64(SINGLE_VARIANT_VIRTUAL_DISR)),
-                tag_base_type_align.bits() as u32,
-            )
-        }
+        create_static_member_type(
+            cx,
+            enum_type_di_node,
+            TAG_FIELD_NAME,
+            unknown_file_metadata(cx),
+            UNKNOWN_LINE_NUMBER,
+            variant_names_type_di_node,
+            visibility_flags,
+            Some(cx.const_u64(SINGLE_VARIANT_VIRTUAL_DISR)),
+            tag_base_type_align,
+        ),
     ]
 }
 
@@ -570,27 +567,28 @@ fn build_variant_struct_wrapper_type_di_node<'ll, 'tcx>(
             let build_assoc_const = |name: &str,
                                      type_di_node_: &'ll DIType,
                                      value: u64,
-                                     align: Align| unsafe {
+                                     align: Align|
+             -> &'ll llvm::Metadata {
                 // FIXME: Currently we force all DISCR_* values to be u64's as LLDB seems to have
                 // problems inspecting other value types. Since DISCR_* is typically only going to be
                 // directly inspected via the debugger visualizer - which compares it to the `tag` value
                 // (whose type is not modified at all) it shouldn't cause any real problems.
                 let (t_di, align) = if name == ASSOC_CONST_DISCR_NAME {
-                    (type_di_node_, align.bits() as u32)
+                    (type_di_node_, align)
                 } else {
                     let ty_u64 = Ty::new_uint(cx.tcx, ty::UintTy::U64);
-                    (type_di_node(cx, ty_u64), Align::EIGHT.bits() as u32)
+                    (type_di_node(cx, ty_u64), Align::EIGHT)
                 };
 
                 // must wrap type in a `const` modifier for LLDB to be able to inspect the value of the member
-                let field_type =
-                    llvm::LLVMRustDIBuilderCreateQualifiedType(DIB(cx), DW_TAG_const_type, t_di);
+                let field_type = unsafe {
+                    llvm::LLVMDIBuilderCreateQualifiedType(DIB(cx), DW_TAG_const_type, t_di)
+                };
 
-                llvm::LLVMRustDIBuilderCreateStaticMemberType(
-                    DIB(cx),
+                create_static_member_type(
+                    cx,
                     wrapper_struct_type_di_node,
-                    name.as_c_char_ptr(),
-                    name.len(),
+                    name,
                     unknown_file_metadata(cx),
                     UNKNOWN_LINE_NUMBER,
                     field_type,
@@ -975,3 +973,30 @@ fn variant_struct_wrapper_type_name(variant_index: VariantIdx) -> Cow<'static, s
         .map(|&s| Cow::from(s))
         .unwrap_or_else(|| format!("Variant{}", variant_index.as_usize()).into())
 }
+
+fn create_static_member_type<'ll>(
+    cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, '_>,
+    scope: &'ll llvm::Metadata,
+    name: &str,
+    file: &'ll llvm::Metadata,
+    line_number: c_uint,
+    ty: &'ll llvm::Metadata,
+    flags: DIFlags,
+    value: Option<&'ll llvm::Value>,
+    align: Align,
+) -> &'ll llvm::Metadata {
+    unsafe {
+        llvm::LLVMDIBuilderCreateStaticMemberType(
+            DIB(cx),
+            scope,
+            name.as_ptr(),
+            name.len(),
+            file,
+            line_number,
+            ty,
+            flags,
+            value,
+            align.bits() as c_uint,
+        )
+    }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/metadata/type_map.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/metadata/type_map.rs
index 18a783a348a..37200fdc41a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/metadata/type_map.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/metadata/type_map.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use std::cell::RefCell;
 
+use libc::c_uint;
 use rustc_abi::{Align, Size, VariantIdx};
 use rustc_data_structures::fingerprint::Fingerprint;
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashMap;
@@ -9,7 +10,7 @@ use rustc_middle::bug;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, ExistentialTraitRef, Ty, TyCtxt};
 
 use super::{DefinitionLocation, SmallVec, UNKNOWN_LINE_NUMBER, unknown_file_metadata};
-use crate::common::{AsCCharPtr, CodegenCx};
+use crate::common::CodegenCx;
 use crate::debuginfo::utils::{DIB, create_DIArray, debug_context};
 use crate::llvm::debuginfo::{DIFlags, DIScope, DIType};
 use crate::llvm::{self};
@@ -191,7 +192,7 @@ pub(super) fn stub<'ll, 'tcx>(
     containing_scope: Option<&'ll DIScope>,
     flags: DIFlags,
 ) -> StubInfo<'ll, 'tcx> {
-    let empty_array = create_DIArray(DIB(cx), &[]);
+    let no_elements: &[Option<&llvm::Metadata>] = &[];
     let unique_type_id_str = unique_type_id.generate_unique_id_string(cx.tcx);
 
     let (file_metadata, line_number) = if let Some(def_location) = def_location {
@@ -207,10 +208,10 @@ pub(super) fn stub<'ll, 'tcx>(
                 _ => None,
             };
             unsafe {
-                llvm::LLVMRustDIBuilderCreateStructType(
+                llvm::LLVMDIBuilderCreateStructType(
                     DIB(cx),
                     containing_scope,
-                    name.as_c_char_ptr(),
+                    name.as_ptr(),
                     name.len(),
                     file_metadata,
                     line_number,
@@ -218,28 +219,30 @@ pub(super) fn stub<'ll, 'tcx>(
                     align.bits() as u32,
                     flags,
                     None,
-                    empty_array,
-                    0,
+                    no_elements.as_ptr(),
+                    no_elements.len() as c_uint,
+                    0u32, // (Objective-C runtime version; default is 0)
                     vtable_holder,
-                    unique_type_id_str.as_c_char_ptr(),
+                    unique_type_id_str.as_ptr(),
                     unique_type_id_str.len(),
                 )
             }
         }
         Stub::Union => unsafe {
-            llvm::LLVMRustDIBuilderCreateUnionType(
+            llvm::LLVMDIBuilderCreateUnionType(
                 DIB(cx),
                 containing_scope,
-                name.as_c_char_ptr(),
+                name.as_ptr(),
                 name.len(),
                 file_metadata,
                 line_number,
                 size.bits(),
                 align.bits() as u32,
                 flags,
-                Some(empty_array),
-                0,
-                unique_type_id_str.as_c_char_ptr(),
+                no_elements.as_ptr(),
+                no_elements.len() as c_uint,
+                0u32, // (Objective-C runtime version; default is 0)
+                unique_type_id_str.as_ptr(),
                 unique_type_id_str.len(),
             )
         },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/mod.rs
index 79334f7f9fe..af64e4ebed0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/mod.rs
@@ -52,15 +52,6 @@ mod utils;
 use self::create_scope_map::compute_mir_scopes;
 pub(crate) use self::metadata::build_global_var_di_node;
 
-// FIXME(Zalathar): These `DW_TAG_*` constants are fake values that were
-// removed from LLVM in 2015, and are only used by our own `RustWrapper.cpp`
-// to decide which C++ API to call. Instead, we should just have two separate
-// FFI functions and choose the correct one on the Rust side.
-#[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
-const DW_TAG_auto_variable: c_uint = 0x100;
-#[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
-const DW_TAG_arg_variable: c_uint = 0x101;
-
 /// A context object for maintaining all state needed by the debuginfo module.
 pub(crate) struct CodegenUnitDebugContext<'ll, 'tcx> {
     llmod: &'ll llvm::Module,
@@ -174,35 +165,38 @@ impl<'ll> DebugInfoBuilderMethods for Builder<'_, 'll, '_> {
 
         if direct_offset.bytes() > 0 {
             addr_ops.push(DW_OP_plus_uconst);
-            addr_ops.push(direct_offset.bytes() as u64);
+            addr_ops.push(direct_offset.bytes());
         }
         for &offset in indirect_offsets {
             addr_ops.push(DW_OP_deref);
             if offset.bytes() > 0 {
                 addr_ops.push(DW_OP_plus_uconst);
-                addr_ops.push(offset.bytes() as u64);
+                addr_ops.push(offset.bytes());
             }
         }
         if let Some(fragment) = fragment {
             // `DW_OP_LLVM_fragment` takes as arguments the fragment's
             // offset and size, both of them in bits.
             addr_ops.push(DW_OP_LLVM_fragment);
-            addr_ops.push(fragment.start.bits() as u64);
-            addr_ops.push((fragment.end - fragment.start).bits() as u64);
+            addr_ops.push(fragment.start.bits());
+            addr_ops.push((fragment.end - fragment.start).bits());
         }
 
+        let di_builder = DIB(self.cx());
+        let addr_expr = unsafe {
+            llvm::LLVMDIBuilderCreateExpression(di_builder, addr_ops.as_ptr(), addr_ops.len())
+        };
         unsafe {
             // FIXME(eddyb) replace `llvm.dbg.declare` with `llvm.dbg.addr`.
-            llvm::LLVMRustDIBuilderInsertDeclareAtEnd(
-                DIB(self.cx()),
+            llvm::LLVMDIBuilderInsertDeclareRecordAtEnd(
+                di_builder,
                 variable_alloca,
                 dbg_var,
-                addr_ops.as_ptr(),
-                addr_ops.len() as c_uint,
+                addr_expr,
                 dbg_loc,
                 self.llbb(),
-            );
-        }
+            )
+        };
     }
 
     fn set_dbg_loc(&mut self, dbg_loc: &'ll DILocation) {
@@ -349,7 +343,7 @@ impl<'ll, 'tcx> DebugInfoCodegenMethods<'tcx> for CodegenCx<'ll, 'tcx> {
         let file_metadata = file_metadata(self, &loc.file);
 
         let function_type_metadata =
-            create_subroutine_type(self, get_function_signature(self, fn_abi));
+            create_subroutine_type(self, &get_function_signature(self, fn_abi));
 
         let mut name = String::with_capacity(64);
         type_names::push_item_name(tcx, def_id, false, &mut name);
@@ -441,9 +435,9 @@ impl<'ll, 'tcx> DebugInfoCodegenMethods<'tcx> for CodegenCx<'ll, 'tcx> {
         fn get_function_signature<'ll, 'tcx>(
             cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, 'tcx>,
             fn_abi: &FnAbi<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>>,
-        ) -> &'ll DIArray {
+        ) -> Vec<Option<&'ll llvm::Metadata>> {
             if cx.sess().opts.debuginfo != DebugInfo::Full {
-                return create_DIArray(DIB(cx), &[]);
+                return vec![];
             }
 
             let mut signature = Vec::with_capacity(fn_abi.args.len() + 1);
@@ -484,7 +478,7 @@ impl<'ll, 'tcx> DebugInfoCodegenMethods<'tcx> for CodegenCx<'ll, 'tcx> {
                     .extend(fn_abi.args.iter().map(|arg| Some(type_di_node(cx, arg.layout.ty))));
             }
 
-            create_DIArray(DIB(cx), &signature[..])
+            signature
         }
 
         fn get_template_parameters<'ll, 'tcx>(
@@ -630,28 +624,39 @@ impl<'ll, 'tcx> DebugInfoCodegenMethods<'tcx> for CodegenCx<'ll, 'tcx> {
 
         let type_metadata = spanned_type_di_node(self, variable_type, span);
 
-        let (argument_index, dwarf_tag) = match variable_kind {
-            ArgumentVariable(index) => (index as c_uint, DW_TAG_arg_variable),
-            LocalVariable => (0, DW_TAG_auto_variable),
-        };
         let align = self.align_of(variable_type);
 
         let name = variable_name.as_str();
-        unsafe {
-            llvm::LLVMRustDIBuilderCreateVariable(
-                DIB(self),
-                dwarf_tag,
-                scope_metadata,
-                name.as_c_char_ptr(),
-                name.len(),
-                file_metadata,
-                loc.line,
-                type_metadata,
-                true,
-                DIFlags::FlagZero,
-                argument_index,
-                align.bits() as u32,
-            )
+
+        match variable_kind {
+            ArgumentVariable(arg_index) => unsafe {
+                llvm::LLVMDIBuilderCreateParameterVariable(
+                    DIB(self),
+                    scope_metadata,
+                    name.as_ptr(),
+                    name.len(),
+                    arg_index as c_uint,
+                    file_metadata,
+                    loc.line,
+                    type_metadata,
+                    llvm::Bool::TRUE, // (preserve descriptor during optimizations)
+                    DIFlags::FlagZero,
+                )
+            },
+            LocalVariable => unsafe {
+                llvm::LLVMDIBuilderCreateAutoVariable(
+                    DIB(self),
+                    scope_metadata,
+                    name.as_ptr(),
+                    name.len(),
+                    file_metadata,
+                    loc.line,
+                    type_metadata,
+                    llvm::Bool::TRUE, // (preserve descriptor during optimizations)
+                    DIFlags::FlagZero,
+                    align.bits() as u32,
+                )
+            },
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/utils.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/utils.rs
index cc1d504b430..7e1e49310f6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/utils.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/utils.rs
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ pub(crate) fn create_DIArray<'ll>(
     builder: &DIBuilder<'ll>,
     arr: &[Option<&'ll DIDescriptor>],
 ) -> &'ll DIArray {
-    unsafe { llvm::LLVMRustDIBuilderGetOrCreateArray(builder, arr.as_ptr(), arr.len() as u32) }
+    unsafe { llvm::LLVMDIBuilderGetOrCreateArray(builder, arr.as_ptr(), arr.len()) }
 }
 
 #[inline]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/declare.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/declare.rs
index 960a895a203..36cdb498839 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/declare.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/declare.rs
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ pub(crate) fn declare_raw_fn<'ll, 'tcx>(
         attrs.push(llvm::AttributeKind::NoRedZone.create_attr(cx.llcx));
     }
 
-    attrs.extend(attributes::non_lazy_bind_attr(cx));
+    attrs.extend(attributes::non_lazy_bind_attr(cx, cx.tcx.sess));
 
     attributes::apply_to_llfn(llfn, Function, &attrs);
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/intrinsic.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/intrinsic.rs
index 49d3dedbeab..50398a32142 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/intrinsic.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/intrinsic.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ use rustc_middle::{bug, span_bug};
 use rustc_span::{Span, Symbol, sym};
 use rustc_symbol_mangling::{mangle_internal_symbol, symbol_name_for_instance_in_crate};
 use rustc_target::callconv::PassMode;
-use rustc_target::spec::PanicStrategy;
 use tracing::debug;
 
 use crate::abi::FnAbiLlvmExt;
@@ -383,7 +382,9 @@ impl<'ll, 'tcx> IntrinsicCallBuilderMethods<'tcx> for Builder<'_, 'll, 'tcx> {
             | sym::rotate_left
             | sym::rotate_right
             | sym::saturating_add
-            | sym::saturating_sub => {
+            | sym::saturating_sub
+            | sym::unchecked_funnel_shl
+            | sym::unchecked_funnel_shr => {
                 let ty = args[0].layout.ty;
                 if !ty.is_integral() {
                     tcx.dcx().emit_err(InvalidMonomorphization::BasicIntegerType {
@@ -424,18 +425,26 @@ impl<'ll, 'tcx> IntrinsicCallBuilderMethods<'tcx> for Builder<'_, 'll, 'tcx> {
                     sym::bitreverse => {
                         self.call_intrinsic("llvm.bitreverse", &[llty], &[args[0].immediate()])
                     }
-                    sym::rotate_left | sym::rotate_right => {
-                        let is_left = name == sym::rotate_left;
-                        let val = args[0].immediate();
-                        let raw_shift = args[1].immediate();
-                        // rotate = funnel shift with first two args the same
+                    sym::rotate_left
+                    | sym::rotate_right
+                    | sym::unchecked_funnel_shl
+                    | sym::unchecked_funnel_shr => {
+                        let is_left = name == sym::rotate_left || name == sym::unchecked_funnel_shl;
+                        let lhs = args[0].immediate();
+                        let (rhs, raw_shift) =
+                            if name == sym::rotate_left || name == sym::rotate_right {
+                                // rotate = funnel shift with first two args the same
+                                (lhs, args[1].immediate())
+                            } else {
+                                (args[1].immediate(), args[2].immediate())
+                            };
                         let llvm_name = format!("llvm.fsh{}", if is_left { 'l' } else { 'r' });
 
                         // llvm expects shift to be the same type as the values, but rust
                         // always uses `u32`.
-                        let raw_shift = self.intcast(raw_shift, self.val_ty(val), false);
+                        let raw_shift = self.intcast(raw_shift, self.val_ty(lhs), false);
 
-                        self.call_intrinsic(llvm_name, &[llty], &[val, val, raw_shift])
+                        self.call_intrinsic(llvm_name, &[llty], &[lhs, rhs, raw_shift])
                     }
                     sym::saturating_add | sym::saturating_sub => {
                         let is_add = name == sym::saturating_add;
@@ -664,7 +673,7 @@ fn catch_unwind_intrinsic<'ll, 'tcx>(
     catch_func: &'ll Value,
     dest: PlaceRef<'tcx, &'ll Value>,
 ) {
-    if bx.sess().panic_strategy() == PanicStrategy::Abort {
+    if !bx.sess().panic_strategy().unwinds() {
         let try_func_ty = bx.type_func(&[bx.type_ptr()], bx.type_void());
         bx.call(try_func_ty, None, None, try_func, &[data], None, None);
         // Return 0 unconditionally from the intrinsic call;
@@ -1198,7 +1207,8 @@ fn codegen_autodiff<'ll, 'tcx>(
 
     adjust_activity_to_abi(
         tcx,
-        fn_source.ty(tcx, TypingEnv::fully_monomorphized()),
+        fn_source,
+        TypingEnv::fully_monomorphized(),
         &mut diff_attrs.input_activity,
     );
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/lib.rs
index 628cb34fd9e..13bdb7cb1a2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/lib.rs
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ use rustc_middle::util::Providers;
 use rustc_session::Session;
 use rustc_session::config::{OptLevel, OutputFilenames, PrintKind, PrintRequest};
 use rustc_span::Symbol;
+use rustc_target::spec::{RelocModel, TlsModel};
 
 mod abi;
 mod allocator;
@@ -211,11 +212,8 @@ impl WriteBackendMethods for LlvmCodegenBackend {
     ) -> CompiledModule {
         back::write::codegen(cgcx, module, config)
     }
-    fn prepare_thin(
-        module: ModuleCodegen<Self::Module>,
-        emit_summary: bool,
-    ) -> (String, Self::ThinBuffer) {
-        back::lto::prepare_thin(module, emit_summary)
+    fn prepare_thin(module: ModuleCodegen<Self::Module>) -> (String, Self::ThinBuffer) {
+        back::lto::prepare_thin(module)
     }
     fn serialize_module(module: ModuleCodegen<Self::Module>) -> (String, Self::ModuleBuffer) {
         (module.name, back::lto::ModuleBuffer::new(module.module_llvm.llmod()))
@@ -247,16 +245,7 @@ impl CodegenBackend for LlvmCodegenBackend {
         match req.kind {
             PrintKind::RelocationModels => {
                 writeln!(out, "Available relocation models:").unwrap();
-                for name in &[
-                    "static",
-                    "pic",
-                    "pie",
-                    "dynamic-no-pic",
-                    "ropi",
-                    "rwpi",
-                    "ropi-rwpi",
-                    "default",
-                ] {
+                for name in RelocModel::ALL.iter().map(RelocModel::desc).chain(["default"]) {
                     writeln!(out, "    {name}").unwrap();
                 }
                 writeln!(out).unwrap();
@@ -270,9 +259,7 @@ impl CodegenBackend for LlvmCodegenBackend {
             }
             PrintKind::TlsModels => {
                 writeln!(out, "Available TLS models:").unwrap();
-                for name in
-                    &["global-dynamic", "local-dynamic", "initial-exec", "local-exec", "emulated"]
-                {
+                for name in TlsModel::ALL.iter().map(TlsModel::desc) {
                     writeln!(out, "    {name}").unwrap();
                 }
                 writeln!(out).unwrap();
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm/enzyme_ffi.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm/enzyme_ffi.rs
index 56d756e52cc..695435eb6da 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm/enzyme_ffi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm/enzyme_ffi.rs
@@ -59,10 +59,10 @@ pub(crate) enum LLVMRustVerifierFailureAction {
     LLVMReturnStatusAction = 2,
 }
 
-#[cfg(llvm_enzyme)]
+#[cfg(feature = "llvm_enzyme")]
 pub(crate) use self::Enzyme_AD::*;
 
-#[cfg(llvm_enzyme)]
+#[cfg(feature = "llvm_enzyme")]
 pub(crate) mod Enzyme_AD {
     use std::ffi::{CString, c_char};
 
@@ -134,10 +134,10 @@ pub(crate) mod Enzyme_AD {
     }
 }
 
-#[cfg(not(llvm_enzyme))]
+#[cfg(not(feature = "llvm_enzyme"))]
 pub(crate) use self::Fallback_AD::*;
 
-#[cfg(not(llvm_enzyme))]
+#[cfg(not(feature = "llvm_enzyme"))]
 pub(crate) mod Fallback_AD {
     #![allow(unused_variables)]
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm/ffi.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm/ffi.rs
index ba590851dbd..afd2991a09c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm/ffi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm/ffi.rs
@@ -24,9 +24,9 @@ use rustc_target::spec::SymbolVisibility;
 
 use super::RustString;
 use super::debuginfo::{
-    DIArray, DIBasicType, DIBuilder, DICompositeType, DIDerivedType, DIDescriptor, DIEnumerator,
-    DIFile, DIFlags, DIGlobalVariableExpression, DILocation, DISPFlags, DIScope, DISubprogram,
-    DISubrange, DITemplateTypeParameter, DIType, DIVariable, DebugEmissionKind, DebugNameTableKind,
+    DIArray, DIBuilder, DIDerivedType, DIDescriptor, DIEnumerator, DIFile, DIFlags,
+    DIGlobalVariableExpression, DILocation, DISPFlags, DIScope, DISubprogram,
+    DITemplateTypeParameter, DIType, DebugEmissionKind, DebugNameTableKind,
 };
 use crate::llvm;
 
@@ -710,6 +710,7 @@ pub(crate) enum MemoryEffects {
     None,
     ReadOnly,
     InaccessibleMemOnly,
+    ReadOnlyNotPure,
 }
 
 /// LLVMOpcode
@@ -806,6 +807,8 @@ unsafe extern "C" {
     pub(crate) type Metadata;
     pub(crate) type BasicBlock;
     pub(crate) type Comdat;
+    /// `&'ll DbgRecord` represents `LLVMDbgRecordRef`.
+    pub(crate) type DbgRecord;
 }
 #[repr(C)]
 pub(crate) struct Builder<'a>(InvariantOpaque<'a>);
@@ -890,7 +893,6 @@ pub(crate) mod debuginfo {
     pub(crate) type DIVariable = DIDescriptor;
     pub(crate) type DIGlobalVariableExpression = DIDescriptor;
     pub(crate) type DIArray = DIDescriptor;
-    pub(crate) type DISubrange = DIDescriptor;
     pub(crate) type DIEnumerator = DIDescriptor;
     pub(crate) type DITemplateTypeParameter = DIDescriptor;
 
@@ -1052,6 +1054,8 @@ unsafe extern "C" {
         SLen: c_uint,
     ) -> MetadataKindId;
 
+    pub(crate) fn LLVMDisposeTargetMachine(T: ptr::NonNull<TargetMachine>);
+
     // Create modules.
     pub(crate) fn LLVMModuleCreateWithNameInContext(
         ModuleID: *const c_char,
@@ -1237,6 +1241,7 @@ unsafe extern "C" {
     pub(crate) safe fn LLVMSetGlobalConstant(GlobalVar: &Value, IsConstant: Bool);
     pub(crate) safe fn LLVMSetTailCall(CallInst: &Value, IsTailCall: Bool);
     pub(crate) safe fn LLVMSetTailCallKind(CallInst: &Value, kind: TailCallKind);
+    pub(crate) safe fn LLVMSetExternallyInitialized(GlobalVar: &Value, IsExtInit: Bool);
 
     // Operations on attributes
     pub(crate) fn LLVMCreateStringAttribute(
@@ -1870,6 +1875,177 @@ unsafe extern "C" {
         Scope: &'ll Metadata,
         InlinedAt: Option<&'ll Metadata>,
     ) -> &'ll Metadata;
+
+    pub(crate) fn LLVMDIBuilderCreateSubroutineType<'ll>(
+        Builder: &DIBuilder<'ll>,
+        File: Option<&'ll Metadata>, // (ignored and has no effect)
+        ParameterTypes: *const Option<&'ll Metadata>,
+        NumParameterTypes: c_uint,
+        Flags: DIFlags, // (default is `DIFlags::DIFlagZero`)
+    ) -> &'ll Metadata;
+
+    pub(crate) fn LLVMDIBuilderCreateUnionType<'ll>(
+        Builder: &DIBuilder<'ll>,
+        Scope: Option<&'ll Metadata>,
+        Name: *const c_uchar, // See "PTR_LEN_STR".
+        NameLen: size_t,
+        File: &'ll Metadata,
+        LineNumber: c_uint,
+        SizeInBits: u64,
+        AlignInBits: u32,
+        Flags: DIFlags,
+        Elements: *const Option<&'ll Metadata>,
+        NumElements: c_uint,
+        RunTimeLang: c_uint, // (optional Objective-C runtime version; default is 0)
+        UniqueId: *const c_uchar, // See "PTR_LEN_STR".
+        UniqueIdLen: size_t,
+    ) -> &'ll Metadata;
+
+    pub(crate) fn LLVMDIBuilderCreateArrayType<'ll>(
+        Builder: &DIBuilder<'ll>,
+        Size: u64,
+        Align: u32,
+        Ty: &'ll Metadata,
+        Subscripts: *const &'ll Metadata,
+        NumSubscripts: c_uint,
+    ) -> &'ll Metadata;
+
+    pub(crate) fn LLVMDIBuilderCreateBasicType<'ll>(
+        Builder: &DIBuilder<'ll>,
+        Name: *const c_uchar, // See "PTR_LEN_STR".
+        NameLen: size_t,
+        SizeInBits: u64,
+        Encoding: c_uint, // (`LLVMDWARFTypeEncoding`)
+        Flags: DIFlags,   // (default is `DIFlags::DIFlagZero`)
+    ) -> &'ll Metadata;
+
+    pub(crate) fn LLVMDIBuilderCreatePointerType<'ll>(
+        Builder: &DIBuilder<'ll>,
+        PointeeTy: &'ll Metadata,
+        SizeInBits: u64,
+        AlignInBits: u32,
+        AddressSpace: c_uint, // (optional DWARF address space; default is 0)
+        Name: *const c_uchar, // See "PTR_LEN_STR".
+        NameLen: size_t,
+    ) -> &'ll Metadata;
+
+    pub(crate) fn LLVMDIBuilderCreateStructType<'ll>(
+        Builder: &DIBuilder<'ll>,
+        Scope: Option<&'ll Metadata>,
+        Name: *const c_uchar, // See "PTR_LEN_STR".
+        NameLen: size_t,
+        File: &'ll Metadata,
+        LineNumber: c_uint,
+        SizeInBits: u64,
+        AlignInBits: u32,
+        Flags: DIFlags,
+        DerivedFrom: Option<&'ll Metadata>,
+        Elements: *const Option<&'ll Metadata>,
+        NumElements: c_uint,
+        RunTimeLang: c_uint, // (optional Objective-C runtime version; default is 0)
+        VTableHolder: Option<&'ll Metadata>,
+        UniqueId: *const c_uchar, // See "PTR_LEN_STR".
+        UniqueIdLen: size_t,
+    ) -> &'ll Metadata;
+
+    pub(crate) fn LLVMDIBuilderCreateMemberType<'ll>(
+        Builder: &DIBuilder<'ll>,
+        Scope: &'ll Metadata,
+        Name: *const c_uchar, // See "PTR_LEN_STR".
+        NameLen: size_t,
+        File: &'ll Metadata,
+        LineNo: c_uint,
+        SizeInBits: u64,
+        AlignInBits: u32,
+        OffsetInBits: u64,
+        Flags: DIFlags,
+        Ty: &'ll Metadata,
+    ) -> &'ll Metadata;
+
+    pub(crate) fn LLVMDIBuilderCreateStaticMemberType<'ll>(
+        Builder: &DIBuilder<'ll>,
+        Scope: &'ll Metadata,
+        Name: *const c_uchar, // See "PTR_LEN_STR".
+        NameLen: size_t,
+        File: &'ll Metadata,
+        LineNumber: c_uint,
+        Type: &'ll Metadata,
+        Flags: DIFlags,
+        ConstantVal: Option<&'ll Value>,
+        AlignInBits: u32,
+    ) -> &'ll Metadata;
+
+    /// Creates a "qualified type" in the C/C++ sense, by adding modifiers
+    /// like `const` or `volatile`.
+    pub(crate) fn LLVMDIBuilderCreateQualifiedType<'ll>(
+        Builder: &DIBuilder<'ll>,
+        Tag: c_uint, // (DWARF tag, e.g. `DW_TAG_const_type`)
+        Type: &'ll Metadata,
+    ) -> &'ll Metadata;
+
+    pub(crate) fn LLVMDIBuilderCreateTypedef<'ll>(
+        Builder: &DIBuilder<'ll>,
+        Type: &'ll Metadata,
+        Name: *const c_uchar, // See "PTR_LEN_STR".
+        NameLen: size_t,
+        File: &'ll Metadata,
+        LineNo: c_uint,
+        Scope: Option<&'ll Metadata>,
+        AlignInBits: u32, // (optional; default is 0)
+    ) -> &'ll Metadata;
+
+    pub(crate) fn LLVMDIBuilderGetOrCreateSubrange<'ll>(
+        Builder: &DIBuilder<'ll>,
+        LowerBound: i64,
+        Count: i64,
+    ) -> &'ll Metadata;
+
+    pub(crate) fn LLVMDIBuilderGetOrCreateArray<'ll>(
+        Builder: &DIBuilder<'ll>,
+        Data: *const Option<&'ll Metadata>,
+        NumElements: size_t,
+    ) -> &'ll Metadata;
+
+    pub(crate) fn LLVMDIBuilderCreateExpression<'ll>(
+        Builder: &DIBuilder<'ll>,
+        Addr: *const u64,
+        Length: size_t,
+    ) -> &'ll Metadata;
+
+    pub(crate) fn LLVMDIBuilderInsertDeclareRecordAtEnd<'ll>(
+        Builder: &DIBuilder<'ll>,
+        Storage: &'ll Value,
+        VarInfo: &'ll Metadata,
+        Expr: &'ll Metadata,
+        DebugLoc: &'ll Metadata,
+        Block: &'ll BasicBlock,
+    ) -> &'ll DbgRecord;
+
+    pub(crate) fn LLVMDIBuilderCreateAutoVariable<'ll>(
+        Builder: &DIBuilder<'ll>,
+        Scope: &'ll Metadata,
+        Name: *const c_uchar, // See "PTR_LEN_STR".
+        NameLen: size_t,
+        File: &'ll Metadata,
+        LineNo: c_uint,
+        Ty: &'ll Metadata,
+        AlwaysPreserve: llvm::Bool, // "If true, this descriptor will survive optimizations."
+        Flags: DIFlags,
+        AlignInBits: u32,
+    ) -> &'ll Metadata;
+
+    pub(crate) fn LLVMDIBuilderCreateParameterVariable<'ll>(
+        Builder: &DIBuilder<'ll>,
+        Scope: &'ll Metadata,
+        Name: *const c_uchar, // See "PTR_LEN_STR".
+        NameLen: size_t,
+        ArgNo: c_uint,
+        File: &'ll Metadata,
+        LineNo: c_uint,
+        Ty: &'ll Metadata,
+        AlwaysPreserve: llvm::Bool, // "If true, this descriptor will survive optimizations."
+        Flags: DIFlags,
+    ) -> &'ll Metadata;
 }
 
 #[link(name = "llvm-wrapper", kind = "static")]
@@ -2172,11 +2348,6 @@ unsafe extern "C" {
         SourceLen: size_t,
     ) -> &'a DIFile;
 
-    pub(crate) fn LLVMRustDIBuilderCreateSubroutineType<'a>(
-        Builder: &DIBuilder<'a>,
-        ParameterTypes: &'a DIArray,
-    ) -> &'a DICompositeType;
-
     pub(crate) fn LLVMRustDIBuilderCreateFunction<'a>(
         Builder: &DIBuilder<'a>,
         Scope: &'a DIDescriptor,
@@ -2210,66 +2381,6 @@ unsafe extern "C" {
         TParam: &'a DIArray,
     ) -> &'a DISubprogram;
 
-    pub(crate) fn LLVMRustDIBuilderCreateBasicType<'a>(
-        Builder: &DIBuilder<'a>,
-        Name: *const c_char,
-        NameLen: size_t,
-        SizeInBits: u64,
-        Encoding: c_uint,
-    ) -> &'a DIBasicType;
-
-    pub(crate) fn LLVMRustDIBuilderCreateTypedef<'a>(
-        Builder: &DIBuilder<'a>,
-        Type: &'a DIBasicType,
-        Name: *const c_char,
-        NameLen: size_t,
-        File: &'a DIFile,
-        LineNo: c_uint,
-        Scope: Option<&'a DIScope>,
-    ) -> &'a DIDerivedType;
-
-    pub(crate) fn LLVMRustDIBuilderCreatePointerType<'a>(
-        Builder: &DIBuilder<'a>,
-        PointeeTy: &'a DIType,
-        SizeInBits: u64,
-        AlignInBits: u32,
-        AddressSpace: c_uint,
-        Name: *const c_char,
-        NameLen: size_t,
-    ) -> &'a DIDerivedType;
-
-    pub(crate) fn LLVMRustDIBuilderCreateStructType<'a>(
-        Builder: &DIBuilder<'a>,
-        Scope: Option<&'a DIDescriptor>,
-        Name: *const c_char,
-        NameLen: size_t,
-        File: &'a DIFile,
-        LineNumber: c_uint,
-        SizeInBits: u64,
-        AlignInBits: u32,
-        Flags: DIFlags,
-        DerivedFrom: Option<&'a DIType>,
-        Elements: &'a DIArray,
-        RunTimeLang: c_uint,
-        VTableHolder: Option<&'a DIType>,
-        UniqueId: *const c_char,
-        UniqueIdLen: size_t,
-    ) -> &'a DICompositeType;
-
-    pub(crate) fn LLVMRustDIBuilderCreateMemberType<'a>(
-        Builder: &DIBuilder<'a>,
-        Scope: &'a DIDescriptor,
-        Name: *const c_char,
-        NameLen: size_t,
-        File: &'a DIFile,
-        LineNo: c_uint,
-        SizeInBits: u64,
-        AlignInBits: u32,
-        OffsetInBits: u64,
-        Flags: DIFlags,
-        Ty: &'a DIType,
-    ) -> &'a DIDerivedType;
-
     pub(crate) fn LLVMRustDIBuilderCreateVariantMemberType<'a>(
         Builder: &DIBuilder<'a>,
         Scope: &'a DIScope,
@@ -2285,25 +2396,6 @@ unsafe extern "C" {
         Ty: &'a DIType,
     ) -> &'a DIType;
 
-    pub(crate) fn LLVMRustDIBuilderCreateStaticMemberType<'a>(
-        Builder: &DIBuilder<'a>,
-        Scope: &'a DIDescriptor,
-        Name: *const c_char,
-        NameLen: size_t,
-        File: &'a DIFile,
-        LineNo: c_uint,
-        Ty: &'a DIType,
-        Flags: DIFlags,
-        val: Option<&'a Value>,
-        AlignInBits: u32,
-    ) -> &'a DIDerivedType;
-
-    pub(crate) fn LLVMRustDIBuilderCreateQualifiedType<'a>(
-        Builder: &DIBuilder<'a>,
-        Tag: c_uint,
-        Type: &'a DIType,
-    ) -> &'a DIDerivedType;
-
     pub(crate) fn LLVMRustDIBuilderCreateStaticVariable<'a>(
         Builder: &DIBuilder<'a>,
         Context: Option<&'a DIScope>,
@@ -2320,51 +2412,6 @@ unsafe extern "C" {
         AlignInBits: u32,
     ) -> &'a DIGlobalVariableExpression;
 
-    pub(crate) fn LLVMRustDIBuilderCreateVariable<'a>(
-        Builder: &DIBuilder<'a>,
-        Tag: c_uint,
-        Scope: &'a DIDescriptor,
-        Name: *const c_char,
-        NameLen: size_t,
-        File: &'a DIFile,
-        LineNo: c_uint,
-        Ty: &'a DIType,
-        AlwaysPreserve: bool,
-        Flags: DIFlags,
-        ArgNo: c_uint,
-        AlignInBits: u32,
-    ) -> &'a DIVariable;
-
-    pub(crate) fn LLVMRustDIBuilderCreateArrayType<'a>(
-        Builder: &DIBuilder<'a>,
-        Size: u64,
-        AlignInBits: u32,
-        Ty: &'a DIType,
-        Subscripts: &'a DIArray,
-    ) -> &'a DIType;
-
-    pub(crate) fn LLVMRustDIBuilderGetOrCreateSubrange<'a>(
-        Builder: &DIBuilder<'a>,
-        Lo: i64,
-        Count: i64,
-    ) -> &'a DISubrange;
-
-    pub(crate) fn LLVMRustDIBuilderGetOrCreateArray<'a>(
-        Builder: &DIBuilder<'a>,
-        Ptr: *const Option<&'a DIDescriptor>,
-        Count: c_uint,
-    ) -> &'a DIArray;
-
-    pub(crate) fn LLVMRustDIBuilderInsertDeclareAtEnd<'a>(
-        Builder: &DIBuilder<'a>,
-        Val: &'a Value,
-        VarInfo: &'a DIVariable,
-        AddrOps: *const u64,
-        AddrOpsCount: c_uint,
-        DL: &'a DILocation,
-        InsertAtEnd: &'a BasicBlock,
-    );
-
     pub(crate) fn LLVMRustDIBuilderCreateEnumerator<'a>(
         Builder: &DIBuilder<'a>,
         Name: *const c_char,
@@ -2388,22 +2435,6 @@ unsafe extern "C" {
         IsScoped: bool,
     ) -> &'a DIType;
 
-    pub(crate) fn LLVMRustDIBuilderCreateUnionType<'a>(
-        Builder: &DIBuilder<'a>,
-        Scope: Option<&'a DIScope>,
-        Name: *const c_char,
-        NameLen: size_t,
-        File: &'a DIFile,
-        LineNumber: c_uint,
-        SizeInBits: u64,
-        AlignInBits: u32,
-        Flags: DIFlags,
-        Elements: Option<&'a DIArray>,
-        RunTimeLang: c_uint,
-        UniqueId: *const c_char,
-        UniqueIdLen: size_t,
-    ) -> &'a DIType;
-
     pub(crate) fn LLVMRustDIBuilderCreateVariantPart<'a>(
         Builder: &DIBuilder<'a>,
         Scope: &'a DIScope,
@@ -2480,12 +2511,13 @@ unsafe extern "C" {
         OutputObjFile: *const c_char,
         DebugInfoCompression: *const c_char,
         UseEmulatedTls: bool,
-        ArgsCstrBuff: *const c_uchar, // See "PTR_LEN_STR".
-        ArgsCstrBuffLen: usize,
+        Argv0: *const c_uchar, // See "PTR_LEN_STR".
+        Argv0Len: size_t,
+        CommandLineArgs: *const c_uchar, // See "PTR_LEN_STR".
+        CommandLineArgsLen: size_t,
         UseWasmEH: bool,
     ) -> *mut TargetMachine;
 
-    pub(crate) fn LLVMRustDisposeTargetMachine(T: *mut TargetMachine);
     pub(crate) fn LLVMRustAddLibraryInfo<'a>(
         PM: &PassManager<'a>,
         M: &'a Module,
@@ -2602,7 +2634,6 @@ unsafe extern "C" {
     pub(crate) fn LLVMRustThinLTOBufferCreate(
         M: &Module,
         is_thin: bool,
-        emit_summary: bool,
     ) -> &'static mut ThinLTOBuffer;
     pub(crate) fn LLVMRustThinLTOBufferFree(M: &'static mut ThinLTOBuffer);
     pub(crate) fn LLVMRustThinLTOBufferPtr(M: &ThinLTOBuffer) -> *const c_char;
@@ -2686,6 +2717,8 @@ unsafe extern "C" {
 
     pub(crate) fn LLVMRustIsECObject(buf_ptr: *const u8, buf_len: usize) -> bool;
 
+    pub(crate) fn LLVMRustIsAnyArm64Coff(buf_ptr: *const u8, buf_len: usize) -> bool;
+
     pub(crate) fn LLVMRustSetNoSanitizeAddress(Global: &Value);
     pub(crate) fn LLVMRustSetNoSanitizeHWAddress(Global: &Value);
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm/mod.rs
index d6974e22c85..1115d82fa85 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm/mod.rs
@@ -258,6 +258,10 @@ pub(crate) fn set_alignment(llglobal: &Value, align: Align) {
     }
 }
 
+pub(crate) fn set_externally_initialized(llglobal: &Value, is_ext_init: bool) {
+    LLVMSetExternallyInitialized(llglobal, is_ext_init.to_llvm_bool());
+}
+
 /// Get the `name`d comdat from `llmod` and assign it to `llglobal`.
 ///
 /// Inserts the comdat into `llmod` if it does not exist.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm_util.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm_util.rs
index d927ffd78c2..3b920168e06 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm_util.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm_util.rs
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ unsafe fn configure_llvm(sess: &Session) {
 
         if sess.target.os == "emscripten"
             && !sess.opts.unstable_opts.emscripten_wasm_eh
-            && sess.panic_strategy() == PanicStrategy::Unwind
+            && sess.panic_strategy().unwinds()
         {
             add("-enable-emscripten-cxx-exceptions", false);
         }
@@ -217,27 +217,16 @@ impl<'a> IntoIterator for LLVMFeature<'a> {
 /// Rust can also be build with an external precompiled version of LLVM which might lead to failures
 /// if the oldest tested / supported LLVM version doesn't yet support the relevant intrinsics.
 pub(crate) fn to_llvm_features<'a>(sess: &Session, s: &'a str) -> Option<LLVMFeature<'a>> {
-    let arch = if sess.target.arch == "x86_64" {
-        "x86"
-    } else if sess.target.arch == "arm64ec" {
-        "aarch64"
-    } else if sess.target.arch == "sparc64" {
-        "sparc"
-    } else if sess.target.arch == "powerpc64" {
-        "powerpc"
-    } else {
-        &*sess.target.arch
+    let raw_arch = &*sess.target.arch;
+    let arch = match raw_arch {
+        "x86_64" => "x86",
+        "arm64ec" => "aarch64",
+        "sparc64" => "sparc",
+        "powerpc64" => "powerpc",
+        _ => raw_arch,
     };
+    let (major, _, _) = get_version();
     match (arch, s) {
-        ("x86", "sse4.2") => Some(LLVMFeature::with_dependencies(
-            "sse4.2",
-            smallvec![TargetFeatureFoldStrength::EnableOnly("crc32")],
-        )),
-        ("x86", "pclmulqdq") => Some(LLVMFeature::new("pclmul")),
-        ("x86", "rdrand") => Some(LLVMFeature::new("rdrnd")),
-        ("x86", "bmi1") => Some(LLVMFeature::new("bmi")),
-        ("x86", "cmpxchg16b") => Some(LLVMFeature::new("cx16")),
-        ("x86", "lahfsahf") => Some(LLVMFeature::new("sahf")),
         ("aarch64", "rcpc2") => Some(LLVMFeature::new("rcpc-immo")),
         ("aarch64", "dpb") => Some(LLVMFeature::new("ccpp")),
         ("aarch64", "dpb2") => Some(LLVMFeature::new("ccdp")),
@@ -246,9 +235,6 @@ pub(crate) fn to_llvm_features<'a>(sess: &Session, s: &'a str) -> Option<LLVMFea
         ("aarch64", "pmuv3") => Some(LLVMFeature::new("perfmon")),
         ("aarch64", "paca") => Some(LLVMFeature::new("pauth")),
         ("aarch64", "pacg") => Some(LLVMFeature::new("pauth")),
-        // Before LLVM 20 those two features were packaged together as b16b16
-        ("aarch64", "sve-b16b16") if get_version().0 < 20 => Some(LLVMFeature::new("b16b16")),
-        ("aarch64", "sme-b16b16") if get_version().0 < 20 => Some(LLVMFeature::new("b16b16")),
         ("aarch64", "flagm2") => Some(LLVMFeature::new("altnzcv")),
         // Rust ties fp and neon together.
         ("aarch64", "neon") => Some(LLVMFeature::with_dependencies(
@@ -262,57 +248,26 @@ pub(crate) fn to_llvm_features<'a>(sess: &Session, s: &'a str) -> Option<LLVMFea
         // Filter out features that are not supported by the current LLVM version
         ("aarch64", "fpmr") => None, // only existed in 18
         ("arm", "fp16") => Some(LLVMFeature::new("fullfp16")),
-        // NVPTX targets added in LLVM 20
-        ("nvptx64", "sm_100") if get_version().0 < 20 => None,
-        ("nvptx64", "sm_100a") if get_version().0 < 20 => None,
-        ("nvptx64", "sm_101") if get_version().0 < 20 => None,
-        ("nvptx64", "sm_101a") if get_version().0 < 20 => None,
-        ("nvptx64", "sm_120") if get_version().0 < 20 => None,
-        ("nvptx64", "sm_120a") if get_version().0 < 20 => None,
-        ("nvptx64", "ptx86") if get_version().0 < 20 => None,
-        ("nvptx64", "ptx87") if get_version().0 < 20 => None,
         // Filter out features that are not supported by the current LLVM version
-        ("loongarch64", "div32" | "lam-bh" | "lamcas" | "ld-seq-sa" | "scq")
-            if get_version().0 < 20 =>
-        {
-            None
-        }
-        ("loongarch32" | "loongarch64", "32s") if get_version().0 < 21 => None,
-        // Filter out features that are not supported by the current LLVM version
-        ("riscv32" | "riscv64", "zacas" | "rva23u64" | "supm") if get_version().0 < 20 => None,
-        (
-            "s390x",
-            "message-security-assist-extension12"
-            | "concurrent-functions"
-            | "miscellaneous-extensions-4"
-            | "vector-enhancements-3"
-            | "vector-packed-decimal-enhancement-3",
-        ) if get_version().0 < 20 => None,
+        ("loongarch32" | "loongarch64", "32s") if major < 21 => None,
+        ("powerpc", "power8-crypto") => Some(LLVMFeature::new("crypto")),
+        ("sparc", "leoncasa") => Some(LLVMFeature::new("hasleoncasa")),
+        ("x86", "sse4.2") => Some(LLVMFeature::with_dependencies(
+            "sse4.2",
+            smallvec![TargetFeatureFoldStrength::EnableOnly("crc32")],
+        )),
+        ("x86", "pclmulqdq") => Some(LLVMFeature::new("pclmul")),
+        ("x86", "rdrand") => Some(LLVMFeature::new("rdrnd")),
+        ("x86", "bmi1") => Some(LLVMFeature::new("bmi")),
+        ("x86", "cmpxchg16b") => Some(LLVMFeature::new("cx16")),
+        ("x86", "lahfsahf") => Some(LLVMFeature::new("sahf")),
         // Enable the evex512 target feature if an avx512 target feature is enabled.
         ("x86", s) if s.starts_with("avx512") => Some(LLVMFeature::with_dependencies(
             s,
             smallvec![TargetFeatureFoldStrength::EnableOnly("evex512")],
         )),
-        // Support for `wide-arithmetic` will first land in LLVM 20 as part of
-        // llvm/llvm-project#111598
-        ("wasm32" | "wasm64", "wide-arithmetic") if get_version() < (20, 0, 0) => None,
-        ("sparc", "leoncasa") => Some(LLVMFeature::new("hasleoncasa")),
-        // In LLVM 19, there is no `v8plus` feature and `v9` means "SPARC-V9 instruction available and SPARC-V8+ ABI used".
-        // https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/llvmorg-19.1.0/llvm/lib/Target/Sparc/MCTargetDesc/SparcELFObjectWriter.cpp#L27-L28
-        // Before LLVM 19, there was no `v8plus` feature and `v9` means "SPARC-V9 instruction available".
-        // https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/llvmorg-18.1.0/llvm/lib/Target/Sparc/MCTargetDesc/SparcELFObjectWriter.cpp#L26
-        ("sparc", "v8plus") if get_version().0 == 19 => Some(LLVMFeature::new("v9")),
-        ("powerpc", "power8-crypto") => Some(LLVMFeature::new("crypto")),
-        // These new `amx` variants and `movrs` were introduced in LLVM20
-        ("x86", "amx-avx512" | "amx-fp8" | "amx-movrs" | "amx-tf32" | "amx-transpose")
-            if get_version().0 < 20 =>
-        {
-            None
-        }
-        ("x86", "movrs") if get_version().0 < 20 => None,
         ("x86", "avx10.1") => Some(LLVMFeature::new("avx10.1-512")),
-        ("x86", "avx10.2") if get_version().0 < 20 => None,
-        ("x86", "avx10.2") if get_version().0 >= 20 => Some(LLVMFeature::new("avx10.2-512")),
+        ("x86", "avx10.2") => Some(LLVMFeature::new("avx10.2-512")),
         ("x86", "apxf") => Some(LLVMFeature::with_dependencies(
             "egpr",
             smallvec![
@@ -716,17 +671,7 @@ pub(crate) fn global_llvm_features(
     };
 
     // Features implied by an implicit or explicit `--target`.
-    features.extend(
-        sess.target
-            .features
-            .split(',')
-            .filter(|v| !v.is_empty())
-            // Drop +v8plus feature introduced in LLVM 20.
-            // (Hard-coded target features do not go through `to_llvm_feature` since they already
-            // are LLVM feature names, hence we need a special case here.)
-            .filter(|v| *v != "+v8plus" || get_version() >= (20, 0, 0))
-            .map(String::from),
-    );
+    features.extend(sess.target.features.split(',').filter(|v| !v.is_empty()).map(String::from));
 
     if wants_wasm_eh(sess) && sess.panic_strategy() == PanicStrategy::Unwind {
         features.push("+exception-handling".into());
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/type_of.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/type_of.rs
index 4e7096da502..84998b5499b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/type_of.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/type_of.rs
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use rustc_middle::bug;
 use rustc_middle::ty::layout::{LayoutOf, TyAndLayout};
 use rustc_middle::ty::print::{with_no_trimmed_paths, with_no_visible_paths};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, CoroutineArgsExt, Ty, TypeVisitableExt};
+use rustc_span::{DUMMY_SP, Span};
 use tracing::debug;
 
 use crate::common::*;
@@ -149,7 +150,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> CodegenCx<'a, 'tcx> {
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn size_and_align_of(&self, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> (Size, Align) {
-        let layout = self.layout_of(ty);
+        self.spanned_size_and_align_of(ty, DUMMY_SP)
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn spanned_size_and_align_of(&self, ty: Ty<'tcx>, span: Span) -> (Size, Align) {
+        let layout = self.spanned_layout_of(ty, span);
         (layout.size, layout.align.abi)
     }
 }
@@ -226,7 +231,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LayoutLlvmExt<'tcx> for TyAndLayout<'tcx> {
 
         // Make sure lifetimes are erased, to avoid generating distinct LLVM
         // types for Rust types that only differ in the choice of lifetimes.
-        let normal_ty = cx.tcx.erase_regions(self.ty);
+        let normal_ty = cx.tcx.erase_and_anonymize_regions(self.ty);
 
         let mut defer = None;
         let llty = if self.ty != normal_ty {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/va_arg.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/va_arg.rs
index ce079f3cb0a..ab08125217f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/va_arg.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/va_arg.rs
@@ -28,9 +28,12 @@ fn round_pointer_up_to_alignment<'ll>(
     align: Align,
     ptr_ty: &'ll Type,
 ) -> &'ll Value {
-    let mut ptr_as_int = bx.ptrtoint(addr, bx.cx().type_isize());
-    ptr_as_int = round_up_to_alignment(bx, ptr_as_int, align);
-    bx.inttoptr(ptr_as_int, ptr_ty)
+    let ptr = bx.inbounds_ptradd(addr, bx.const_i32(align.bytes() as i32 - 1));
+    bx.call_intrinsic(
+        "llvm.ptrmask",
+        &[ptr_ty, bx.type_i32()],
+        &[ptr, bx.const_int(bx.isize_ty, -(align.bytes() as isize) as i64)],
+    )
 }
 
 fn emit_direct_ptr_va_arg<'ll, 'tcx>(
@@ -905,6 +908,21 @@ pub(super) fn emit_va_arg<'ll, 'tcx>(
             )
         }
         "aarch64" => emit_aapcs_va_arg(bx, addr, target_ty),
+        "arm" => {
+            // Types wider than 16 bytes are not currently supported. Clang has special logic for
+            // such types, but `VaArgSafe` is not implemented for any type that is this large.
+            assert!(bx.cx.size_of(target_ty).bytes() <= 16);
+
+            emit_ptr_va_arg(
+                bx,
+                addr,
+                target_ty,
+                PassMode::Direct,
+                SlotSize::Bytes4,
+                AllowHigherAlign::Yes,
+                ForceRightAdjust::No,
+            )
+        }
         "s390x" => emit_s390x_va_arg(bx, addr, target_ty),
         "powerpc" => emit_powerpc_va_arg(bx, addr, target_ty),
         "powerpc64" | "powerpc64le" => emit_ptr_va_arg(