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-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/canonicalizer.rs14
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/mod.rs7
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/query_response.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/combine.rs37
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/equate.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/mod.rs317
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/need_type_info.rs275
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/different_lifetimes.rs109
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/find_anon_type.rs42
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/mismatched_static_lifetime.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/mod.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/named_anon_conflict.rs65
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/placeholder_error.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/static_impl_trait.rs186
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/trait_impl_difference.rs39
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/util.rs90
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/note.rs43
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/free_regions.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/freshen.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/glb.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/lexical_region_resolve/mod.rs32
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/lub.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/mod.rs77
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/nll_relate/mod.rs20
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/opaque_types.rs107
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/components.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/env.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/obligations.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/verify.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/projection.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/region_constraints/mod.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/resolve.rs60
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/sub.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/lib.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/engine.rs33
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs7
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/mod.rs14
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/project.rs74
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/structural_impls.rs18
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/util.rs54
40 files changed, 1046 insertions, 740 deletions
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/canonicalizer.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/canonicalizer.rs
index 934ada9932e..9d40b3cba29 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/canonicalizer.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/canonicalizer.rs
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'cx, 'tcx> {
 /// response*, then we don't typically replace free regions, as they
 /// must have been introduced from other parts of the system.
 trait CanonicalizeRegionMode {
-    fn canonicalize_free_region(
+    fn canonicalize_free_region<'tcx>(
         &self,
         canonicalizer: &mut Canonicalizer<'_, 'tcx>,
         r: ty::Region<'tcx>,
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ trait CanonicalizeRegionMode {
 struct CanonicalizeQueryResponse;
 
 impl CanonicalizeRegionMode for CanonicalizeQueryResponse {
-    fn canonicalize_free_region(
+    fn canonicalize_free_region<'tcx>(
         &self,
         canonicalizer: &mut Canonicalizer<'_, 'tcx>,
         r: ty::Region<'tcx>,
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ impl CanonicalizeRegionMode for CanonicalizeQueryResponse {
 struct CanonicalizeUserTypeAnnotation;
 
 impl CanonicalizeRegionMode for CanonicalizeUserTypeAnnotation {
-    fn canonicalize_free_region(
+    fn canonicalize_free_region<'tcx>(
         &self,
         canonicalizer: &mut Canonicalizer<'_, 'tcx>,
         r: ty::Region<'tcx>,
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ impl CanonicalizeRegionMode for CanonicalizeUserTypeAnnotation {
 struct CanonicalizeAllFreeRegions;
 
 impl CanonicalizeRegionMode for CanonicalizeAllFreeRegions {
-    fn canonicalize_free_region(
+    fn canonicalize_free_region<'tcx>(
         &self,
         canonicalizer: &mut Canonicalizer<'_, 'tcx>,
         r: ty::Region<'tcx>,
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ impl CanonicalizeRegionMode for CanonicalizeAllFreeRegions {
 struct CanonicalizeFreeRegionsOtherThanStatic;
 
 impl CanonicalizeRegionMode for CanonicalizeFreeRegionsOtherThanStatic {
-    fn canonicalize_free_region(
+    fn canonicalize_free_region<'tcx>(
         &self,
         canonicalizer: &mut Canonicalizer<'_, 'tcx>,
         r: ty::Region<'tcx>,
@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> TypeFolder<'tcx> for Canonicalizer<'cx, 'tcx> {
                         // FIXME: perf problem described in #55921.
                         ui = ty::UniverseIndex::ROOT;
                         return self.canonicalize_const_var(
-                            CanonicalVarInfo { kind: CanonicalVarKind::Const(ui) },
+                            CanonicalVarInfo { kind: CanonicalVarKind::Const(ui, ct.ty) },
                             ct,
                         );
                     }
@@ -470,7 +470,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> Canonicalizer<'cx, 'tcx> {
     {
         let needs_canonical_flags = if canonicalize_region_mode.any() {
             TypeFlags::NEEDS_INFER |
-            TypeFlags::HAS_POTENTIAL_FREE_REGIONS | // `HAS_RE_PLACEHOLDER` implies `HAS_POTENTIAL_FREE_REGIONS`
+            TypeFlags::HAS_FREE_REGIONS | // `HAS_RE_PLACEHOLDER` implies `HAS_FREE_REGIONS`
             TypeFlags::HAS_TY_PLACEHOLDER |
             TypeFlags::HAS_CT_PLACEHOLDER
         } else {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/mod.rs
index 0c26639e9b0..2d2edb07d9e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/mod.rs
@@ -137,12 +137,9 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'cx, 'tcx> {
                 self.tcx.mk_region(ty::RePlaceholder(placeholder_mapped)).into()
             }
 
-            CanonicalVarKind::Const(ui) => self
+            CanonicalVarKind::Const(ui, ty) => self
                 .next_const_var_in_universe(
-                    self.next_ty_var_in_universe(
-                        TypeVariableOrigin { kind: TypeVariableOriginKind::MiscVariable, span },
-                        universe_map(ui),
-                    ),
+                    ty,
                     ConstVariableOrigin { kind: ConstVariableOriginKind::MiscVariable, span },
                     universe_map(ui),
                 )
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/query_response.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/query_response.rs
index 2296cc6129a..5b4a9d9dfad 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/query_response.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/query_response.rs
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'cx, 'tcx> {
         let tcx = self.tcx;
 
         // Select everything, returning errors.
-        let true_errors = fulfill_cx.select_where_possible(self).err().unwrap_or_else(Vec::new);
+        let true_errors = fulfill_cx.select_where_possible(self);
         debug!("true_errors = {:#?}", true_errors);
 
         if !true_errors.is_empty() {
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'cx, 'tcx> {
         }
 
         // Anything left unselected *now* must be an ambiguity.
-        let ambig_errors = fulfill_cx.select_all_or_error(self).err().unwrap_or_else(Vec::new);
+        let ambig_errors = fulfill_cx.select_all_or_error(self);
         debug!("ambig_errors = {:#?}", ambig_errors);
 
         let region_obligations = self.take_registered_region_obligations();
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/combine.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/combine.rs
index 09bfb3290f4..a77fd8fae8d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/combine.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/combine.rs
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ use crate::traits::{Obligation, PredicateObligations};
 use rustc_data_structures::sso::SsoHashMap;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc_middle::traits::ObligationCause;
-use rustc_middle::ty::error::TypeError;
+use rustc_middle::ty::error::{ExpectedFound, TypeError};
 use rustc_middle::ty::relate::{self, Relate, RelateResult, TypeRelation};
 use rustc_middle::ty::subst::SubstsRef;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, InferConst, ToPredicate, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeFoldable};
@@ -129,8 +129,6 @@ impl<'infcx, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'infcx, 'tcx> {
     where
         R: ConstEquateRelation<'tcx>,
     {
-        let a = self.tcx.expose_default_const_substs(a);
-        let b = self.tcx.expose_default_const_substs(b);
         debug!("{}.consts({:?}, {:?})", relation.tag(), a, b);
         if a == b {
             return Ok(a);
@@ -533,7 +531,7 @@ struct Generalization<'tcx> {
     needs_wf: bool,
 }
 
-impl TypeRelation<'tcx> for Generalizer<'_, 'tcx> {
+impl<'tcx> TypeRelation<'tcx> for Generalizer<'_, 'tcx> {
     fn tcx(&self) -> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
         self.infcx.tcx
     }
@@ -572,8 +570,9 @@ impl TypeRelation<'tcx> for Generalizer<'_, 'tcx> {
             // (e.g., #41849).
             relate::relate_substs(self, None, a_subst, b_subst)
         } else {
-            let opt_variances = self.tcx().variances_of(item_def_id);
-            relate::relate_substs(self, Some(&opt_variances), a_subst, b_subst)
+            let tcx = self.tcx();
+            let opt_variances = tcx.variances_of(item_def_id);
+            relate::relate_substs(self, Some((item_def_id, &opt_variances)), a_subst, b_subst)
         }
     }
 
@@ -745,9 +744,10 @@ impl TypeRelation<'tcx> for Generalizer<'_, 'tcx> {
                     }
                 }
             }
-            ty::ConstKind::Unevaluated(uv) if self.tcx().lazy_normalization() => {
-                assert_eq!(uv.promoted, None);
-                let substs = uv.substs(self.tcx());
+            ty::ConstKind::Unevaluated(ty::Unevaluated { def, substs, promoted })
+                if self.tcx().lazy_normalization() =>
+            {
+                assert_eq!(promoted, None);
                 let substs = self.relate_with_variance(
                     ty::Variance::Invariant,
                     ty::VarianceDiagInfo::default(),
@@ -756,7 +756,7 @@ impl TypeRelation<'tcx> for Generalizer<'_, 'tcx> {
                 )?;
                 Ok(self.tcx().mk_const(ty::Const {
                     ty: c.ty,
-                    val: ty::ConstKind::Unevaluated(ty::Unevaluated::new(uv.def, substs)),
+                    val: ty::ConstKind::Unevaluated(ty::Unevaluated { def, substs, promoted }),
                 }))
             }
             _ => relate::super_relate_consts(self, c, c),
@@ -790,7 +790,7 @@ pub fn const_unification_error<'tcx>(
     a_is_expected: bool,
     (a, b): (&'tcx ty::Const<'tcx>, &'tcx ty::Const<'tcx>),
 ) -> TypeError<'tcx> {
-    TypeError::ConstMismatch(ty::relate::expected_found_bool(a_is_expected, a, b))
+    TypeError::ConstMismatch(ExpectedFound::new(a_is_expected, a, b))
 }
 
 fn int_unification_error<'tcx>(
@@ -798,7 +798,7 @@ fn int_unification_error<'tcx>(
     v: (ty::IntVarValue, ty::IntVarValue),
 ) -> TypeError<'tcx> {
     let (a, b) = v;
-    TypeError::IntMismatch(ty::relate::expected_found_bool(a_is_expected, a, b))
+    TypeError::IntMismatch(ExpectedFound::new(a_is_expected, a, b))
 }
 
 fn float_unification_error<'tcx>(
@@ -806,7 +806,7 @@ fn float_unification_error<'tcx>(
     v: (ty::FloatVarValue, ty::FloatVarValue),
 ) -> TypeError<'tcx> {
     let (ty::FloatVarValue(a), ty::FloatVarValue(b)) = v;
-    TypeError::FloatMismatch(ty::relate::expected_found_bool(a_is_expected, a, b))
+    TypeError::FloatMismatch(ExpectedFound::new(a_is_expected, a, b))
 }
 
 struct ConstInferUnifier<'cx, 'tcx> {
@@ -827,7 +827,7 @@ struct ConstInferUnifier<'cx, 'tcx> {
 // We use `TypeRelation` here to propagate `RelateResult` upwards.
 //
 // Both inputs are expected to be the same.
-impl TypeRelation<'tcx> for ConstInferUnifier<'_, 'tcx> {
+impl<'tcx> TypeRelation<'tcx> for ConstInferUnifier<'_, 'tcx> {
     fn tcx(&self) -> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
         self.infcx.tcx
     }
@@ -990,9 +990,10 @@ impl TypeRelation<'tcx> for ConstInferUnifier<'_, 'tcx> {
                     }
                 }
             }
-            ty::ConstKind::Unevaluated(uv) if self.tcx().lazy_normalization() => {
-                assert_eq!(uv.promoted, None);
-                let substs = uv.substs(self.tcx());
+            ty::ConstKind::Unevaluated(ty::Unevaluated { def, substs, promoted })
+                if self.tcx().lazy_normalization() =>
+            {
+                assert_eq!(promoted, None);
                 let substs = self.relate_with_variance(
                     ty::Variance::Invariant,
                     ty::VarianceDiagInfo::default(),
@@ -1001,7 +1002,7 @@ impl TypeRelation<'tcx> for ConstInferUnifier<'_, 'tcx> {
                 )?;
                 Ok(self.tcx().mk_const(ty::Const {
                     ty: c.ty,
-                    val: ty::ConstKind::Unevaluated(ty::Unevaluated::new(uv.def, substs)),
+                    val: ty::ConstKind::Unevaluated(ty::Unevaluated { def, substs, promoted }),
                 }))
             }
             _ => relate::super_relate_consts(self, c, c),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/equate.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/equate.rs
index cbc735c98a6..90c0ff9226f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/equate.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/equate.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ impl<'combine, 'infcx, 'tcx> Equate<'combine, 'infcx, 'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
-impl TypeRelation<'tcx> for Equate<'combine, 'infcx, 'tcx> {
+impl<'tcx> TypeRelation<'tcx> for Equate<'_, '_, 'tcx> {
     fn tag(&self) -> &'static str {
         "Equate"
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/mod.rs
index 2173ff1f9ab..1eb8190bd7d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/mod.rs
@@ -65,11 +65,11 @@ use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc_hir::lang_items::LangItem;
 use rustc_hir::{Item, ItemKind, Node};
 use rustc_middle::dep_graph::DepContext;
-use rustc_middle::ty::error::TypeError;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{
     self,
+    error::TypeError,
     subst::{GenericArgKind, Subst, SubstsRef},
-    Region, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeFoldable,
+    Binder, Region, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeFoldable,
 };
 use rustc_span::{sym, BytePos, DesugaringKind, MultiSpan, Pos, Span};
 use rustc_target::spec::abi;
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ pub use need_type_info::TypeAnnotationNeeded;
 
 pub mod nice_region_error;
 
-pub(super) fn note_and_explain_region(
+pub(super) fn note_and_explain_region<'tcx>(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
     err: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>,
     prefix: &str,
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ pub(super) fn note_and_explain_region(
     emit_msg_span(err, prefix, description, span, suffix);
 }
 
-fn explain_free_region(
+fn explain_free_region<'tcx>(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
     err: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>,
     prefix: &str,
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ fn explain_free_region(
     label_msg_span(err, prefix, description, span, suffix);
 }
 
-fn msg_span_from_free_region(
+fn msg_span_from_free_region<'tcx>(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
     region: ty::Region<'tcx>,
     alt_span: Option<Span>,
@@ -145,17 +145,16 @@ fn msg_span_from_free_region(
     }
 }
 
-fn msg_span_from_early_bound_and_free_regions(
+fn msg_span_from_early_bound_and_free_regions<'tcx>(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
     region: ty::Region<'tcx>,
 ) -> (String, Span) {
     let sm = tcx.sess.source_map();
 
-    let scope = region.free_region_binding_scope(tcx);
-    let node = tcx.hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(scope.expect_local());
+    let scope = region.free_region_binding_scope(tcx).expect_local();
     match *region {
         ty::ReEarlyBound(ref br) => {
-            let mut sp = sm.guess_head_span(tcx.hir().span(node));
+            let mut sp = sm.guess_head_span(tcx.def_span(scope));
             if let Some(param) =
                 tcx.hir().get_generics(scope).and_then(|generics| generics.get_named(br.name))
             {
@@ -166,7 +165,7 @@ fn msg_span_from_early_bound_and_free_regions(
         ty::ReFree(ty::FreeRegion {
             bound_region: ty::BoundRegionKind::BrNamed(_, name), ..
         }) => {
-            let mut sp = sm.guess_head_span(tcx.hir().span(node));
+            let mut sp = sm.guess_head_span(tcx.def_span(scope));
             if let Some(param) =
                 tcx.hir().get_generics(scope).and_then(|generics| generics.get_named(name))
             {
@@ -181,13 +180,13 @@ fn msg_span_from_early_bound_and_free_regions(
                 } else {
                     (
                         format!("the anonymous lifetime #{} defined here", idx + 1),
-                        tcx.hir().span(node),
+                        tcx.def_span(scope),
                     )
                 }
             }
             _ => (
                 format!("the lifetime `{}` as defined here", region),
-                sm.guess_head_span(tcx.hir().span(node)),
+                sm.guess_head_span(tcx.def_span(scope)),
             ),
         },
         _ => bug!(),
@@ -226,7 +225,7 @@ fn label_msg_span(
     }
 }
 
-pub fn unexpected_hidden_region_diagnostic(
+pub fn unexpected_hidden_region_diagnostic<'tcx>(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
     span: Span,
     hidden_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
@@ -275,7 +274,7 @@ pub fn unexpected_hidden_region_diagnostic(
                     fn_returns,
                     hidden_region.to_string(),
                     None,
-                    format!("captures {}", hidden_region),
+                    format!("captures `{}`", hidden_region),
                     None,
                 )
             }
@@ -310,6 +309,34 @@ pub fn unexpected_hidden_region_diagnostic(
     err
 }
 
+/// Structurally compares two types, modulo any inference variables.
+///
+/// Returns `true` if two types are equal, or if one type is an inference variable compatible
+/// with the other type. A TyVar inference type is compatible with any type, and an IntVar or
+/// FloatVar inference type are compatible with themselves or their concrete types (Int and
+/// Float types, respectively). When comparing two ADTs, these rules apply recursively.
+pub fn same_type_modulo_infer<'tcx>(a: Ty<'tcx>, b: Ty<'tcx>) -> bool {
+    match (&a.kind(), &b.kind()) {
+        (&ty::Adt(did_a, substs_a), &ty::Adt(did_b, substs_b)) => {
+            if did_a != did_b {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            substs_a.types().zip(substs_b.types()).all(|(a, b)| same_type_modulo_infer(a, b))
+        }
+        (&ty::Int(_), &ty::Infer(ty::InferTy::IntVar(_)))
+        | (&ty::Infer(ty::InferTy::IntVar(_)), &ty::Int(_) | &ty::Infer(ty::InferTy::IntVar(_)))
+        | (&ty::Float(_), &ty::Infer(ty::InferTy::FloatVar(_)))
+        | (
+            &ty::Infer(ty::InferTy::FloatVar(_)),
+            &ty::Float(_) | &ty::Infer(ty::InferTy::FloatVar(_)),
+        )
+        | (&ty::Infer(ty::InferTy::TyVar(_)), _)
+        | (_, &ty::Infer(ty::InferTy::TyVar(_))) => true,
+        _ => a == b,
+    }
+}
+
 impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
     pub fn report_region_errors(&self, errors: &Vec<RegionResolutionError<'tcx>>) {
         debug!("report_region_errors(): {} errors to start", errors.len());
@@ -356,6 +383,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                         sub_r,
                         sup_origin,
                         sup_r,
+                        _,
                     ) => {
                         if sub_r.is_placeholder() {
                             self.report_placeholder_failure(sub_origin, sub_r, sup_r).emit();
@@ -436,7 +464,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         errors.sort_by_key(|u| match *u {
             RegionResolutionError::ConcreteFailure(ref sro, _, _) => sro.span(),
             RegionResolutionError::GenericBoundFailure(ref sro, _, _) => sro.span(),
-            RegionResolutionError::SubSupConflict(_, ref rvo, _, _, _, _) => rvo.span(),
+            RegionResolutionError::SubSupConflict(_, ref rvo, _, _, _, _, _) => rvo.span(),
             RegionResolutionError::UpperBoundUniverseConflict(_, ref rvo, _, _, _) => rvo.span(),
         });
         errors
@@ -575,7 +603,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         exp_found: Option<ty::error::ExpectedFound<Ty<'tcx>>>,
         terr: &TypeError<'tcx>,
     ) {
-        match cause.code {
+        match *cause.code() {
             ObligationCauseCode::Pattern { origin_expr: true, span: Some(span), root_ty } => {
                 let ty = self.resolve_vars_if_possible(root_ty);
                 if ty.is_suggestable() {
@@ -742,7 +770,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                     self.suggest_boxing_for_return_impl_trait(
                         err,
                         ret_sp,
-                        vec![then, else_sp].into_iter(),
+                        [then, else_sp].into_iter(),
                     );
                 }
             }
@@ -752,7 +780,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             }
             _ => {
                 if let ObligationCauseCode::BindingObligation(_, binding_span) =
-                    cause.code.peel_derives()
+                    cause.code().peel_derives()
                 {
                     if matches!(terr, TypeError::RegionsPlaceholderMismatch) {
                         err.span_note(*binding_span, "the lifetime requirement is introduced here");
@@ -778,11 +806,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         );
         let sugg = arm_spans
             .flat_map(|sp| {
-                vec![
-                    (sp.shrink_to_lo(), "Box::new(".to_string()),
-                    (sp.shrink_to_hi(), ")".to_string()),
-                ]
-                .into_iter()
+                [(sp.shrink_to_lo(), "Box::new(".to_string()), (sp.shrink_to_hi(), ")".to_string())]
+                    .into_iter()
             })
             .collect::<Vec<_>>();
         err.multipart_suggestion(
@@ -1401,6 +1426,15 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Extend a type error with extra labels pointing at "non-trivial" types, like closures and
+    /// the return type of `async fn`s.
+    ///
+    /// `secondary_span` gives the caller the opportunity to expand `diag` with a `span_label`.
+    ///
+    /// `swap_secondary_and_primary` is used to make projection errors in particular nicer by using
+    /// the message in `secondary_span` as the primary label, and apply the message that would
+    /// otherwise be used for the primary label on the `secondary_span` `Span`. This applies on
+    /// E0271, like `src/test/ui/issues/issue-39970.stderr`.
     pub fn note_type_err(
         &self,
         diag: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'tcx>,
@@ -1408,6 +1442,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         secondary_span: Option<(Span, String)>,
         mut values: Option<ValuePairs<'tcx>>,
         terr: &TypeError<'tcx>,
+        swap_secondary_and_primary: bool,
     ) {
         let span = cause.span(self.tcx);
         debug!("note_type_err cause={:?} values={:?}, terr={:?}", cause, values, terr);
@@ -1466,7 +1501,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                     let mut returned_async_output_error = false;
                     for &sp in values {
                         if sp.is_desugaring(DesugaringKind::Async) && !returned_async_output_error {
-                            if &[sp] != err.span.primary_spans() {
+                            if [sp] != err.span.primary_spans() {
                                 let mut span: MultiSpan = sp.into();
                                 span.push_span_label(
                                     sp,
@@ -1514,10 +1549,6 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         }
 
         impl<'tcx> ty::fold::TypeVisitor<'tcx> for OpaqueTypesVisitor<'tcx> {
-            fn tcx_for_anon_const_substs(&self) -> Option<TyCtxt<'tcx>> {
-                Some(self.tcx)
-            }
-
             fn visit_ty(&mut self, t: Ty<'tcx>) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
                 if let Some((kind, def_id)) = TyCategory::from_ty(self.tcx, t) {
                     let span = self.tcx.def_span(def_id);
@@ -1584,9 +1615,32 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         match terr {
             TypeError::ObjectUnsafeCoercion(_) => {}
             _ => {
-                diag.span_label(span, terr.to_string());
+                let mut label_or_note = |span: Span, msg: &str| {
+                    if &[span] == diag.span.primary_spans() {
+                        diag.span_label(span, msg);
+                    } else {
+                        diag.span_note(span, msg);
+                    }
+                };
                 if let Some((sp, msg)) = secondary_span {
-                    diag.span_label(sp, msg);
+                    if swap_secondary_and_primary {
+                        let terr = if let Some(infer::ValuePairs::Types(infer::ExpectedFound {
+                            expected,
+                            ..
+                        })) = values
+                        {
+                            format!("expected this to be `{}`", expected)
+                        } else {
+                            terr.to_string()
+                        };
+                        label_or_note(sp, &terr);
+                        label_or_note(span, &msg);
+                    } else {
+                        label_or_note(span, &terr.to_string());
+                        label_or_note(sp, &msg);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    label_or_note(span, &terr.to_string());
                 }
             }
         };
@@ -1667,11 +1721,23 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             }
             _ => exp_found,
         };
-        debug!("exp_found {:?} terr {:?}", exp_found, terr);
+        debug!("exp_found {:?} terr {:?} cause.code {:?}", exp_found, terr, cause.code());
         if let Some(exp_found) = exp_found {
-            self.suggest_as_ref_where_appropriate(span, &exp_found, diag);
-            self.suggest_accessing_field_where_appropriate(cause, &exp_found, diag);
-            self.suggest_await_on_expect_found(cause, span, &exp_found, diag);
+            let should_suggest_fixes = if let ObligationCauseCode::Pattern { root_ty, .. } =
+                cause.code()
+            {
+                // Skip if the root_ty of the pattern is not the same as the expected_ty.
+                // If these types aren't equal then we've probably peeled off a layer of arrays.
+                same_type_modulo_infer(self.resolve_vars_if_possible(*root_ty), exp_found.expected)
+            } else {
+                true
+            };
+
+            if should_suggest_fixes {
+                self.suggest_as_ref_where_appropriate(span, &exp_found, diag);
+                self.suggest_accessing_field_where_appropriate(cause, &exp_found, diag);
+                self.suggest_await_on_expect_found(cause, span, &exp_found, diag);
+            }
         }
 
         // In some (most?) cases cause.body_id points to actual body, but in some cases
@@ -1688,8 +1754,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         if let Some(ValuePairs::PolyTraitRefs(exp_found)) = values {
             if let ty::Closure(def_id, _) = exp_found.expected.skip_binder().self_ty().kind() {
                 if let Some(def_id) = def_id.as_local() {
-                    let hir_id = self.tcx.hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(def_id);
-                    let span = self.tcx.hir().span(hir_id);
+                    let span = self.tcx.def_span(def_id);
                     diag.span_note(span, "this closure does not fulfill the lifetime requirements");
                 }
             }
@@ -1700,29 +1765,30 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         self.note_error_origin(diag, cause, exp_found, terr);
     }
 
-    pub fn get_impl_future_output_ty(&self, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> Option<Ty<'tcx>> {
+    pub fn get_impl_future_output_ty(&self, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> Option<Binder<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>>> {
         if let ty::Opaque(def_id, substs) = ty.kind() {
             let future_trait = self.tcx.require_lang_item(LangItem::Future, None);
             // Future::Output
-            let item_def_id = self
-                .tcx
-                .associated_items(future_trait)
-                .in_definition_order()
-                .next()
-                .unwrap()
-                .def_id;
+            let item_def_id = self.tcx.associated_item_def_ids(future_trait)[0];
 
             let bounds = self.tcx.explicit_item_bounds(*def_id);
 
             for (predicate, _) in bounds {
                 let predicate = predicate.subst(self.tcx, substs);
-                if let ty::PredicateKind::Projection(projection_predicate) =
-                    predicate.kind().skip_binder()
-                {
-                    if projection_predicate.projection_ty.item_def_id == item_def_id {
-                        // We don't account for multiple `Future::Output = Ty` contraints.
-                        return Some(projection_predicate.ty);
-                    }
+                let output = predicate
+                    .kind()
+                    .map_bound(|kind| match kind {
+                        ty::PredicateKind::Projection(projection_predicate)
+                            if projection_predicate.projection_ty.item_def_id == item_def_id =>
+                        {
+                            projection_predicate.term.ty()
+                        }
+                        _ => None,
+                    })
+                    .transpose();
+                if output.is_some() {
+                    // We don't account for multiple `Future::Output = Ty` contraints.
+                    return output;
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -1759,15 +1825,15 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             exp_span, exp_found.expected, exp_found.found,
         );
 
-        if let ObligationCauseCode::CompareImplMethodObligation { .. } = &cause.code {
+        if let ObligationCauseCode::CompareImplMethodObligation { .. } = cause.code() {
             return;
         }
 
         match (
-            self.get_impl_future_output_ty(exp_found.expected),
-            self.get_impl_future_output_ty(exp_found.found),
+            self.get_impl_future_output_ty(exp_found.expected).map(Binder::skip_binder),
+            self.get_impl_future_output_ty(exp_found.found).map(Binder::skip_binder),
         ) {
-            (Some(exp), Some(found)) if ty::TyS::same_type(exp, found) => match &cause.code {
+            (Some(exp), Some(found)) if same_type_modulo_infer(exp, found) => match cause.code() {
                 ObligationCauseCode::IfExpression(box IfExpressionCause { then, .. }) => {
                     diag.multipart_suggestion(
                         "consider `await`ing on both `Future`s",
@@ -1799,32 +1865,39 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                     diag.help("consider `await`ing on both `Future`s");
                 }
             },
-            (_, Some(ty)) if ty::TyS::same_type(exp_found.expected, ty) => {
-                let span = match cause.code {
-                    // scrutinee's span
-                    ObligationCauseCode::Pattern { span: Some(span), .. } => span,
-                    _ => exp_span,
-                };
-                diag.span_suggestion_verbose(
-                    span.shrink_to_hi(),
-                    "consider `await`ing on the `Future`",
-                    ".await".to_string(),
-                    Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
-                );
-            }
-            (Some(ty), _) if ty::TyS::same_type(ty, exp_found.found) => {
-                let span = match cause.code {
-                    // scrutinee's span
-                    ObligationCauseCode::Pattern { span: Some(span), .. } => span,
-                    _ => exp_span,
-                };
+            (_, Some(ty)) if same_type_modulo_infer(exp_found.expected, ty) => {
                 diag.span_suggestion_verbose(
-                    span.shrink_to_hi(),
+                    exp_span.shrink_to_hi(),
                     "consider `await`ing on the `Future`",
                     ".await".to_string(),
                     Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
                 );
             }
+            (Some(ty), _) if same_type_modulo_infer(ty, exp_found.found) => match cause.code() {
+                ObligationCauseCode::Pattern { span: Some(span), .. }
+                | ObligationCauseCode::IfExpression(box IfExpressionCause { then: span, .. }) => {
+                    diag.span_suggestion_verbose(
+                        span.shrink_to_hi(),
+                        "consider `await`ing on the `Future`",
+                        ".await".to_string(),
+                        Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
+                    );
+                }
+                ObligationCauseCode::MatchExpressionArm(box MatchExpressionArmCause {
+                    ref prior_arms,
+                    ..
+                }) => {
+                    diag.multipart_suggestion_verbose(
+                        "consider `await`ing on the `Future`",
+                        prior_arms
+                            .iter()
+                            .map(|arm| (arm.shrink_to_hi(), ".await".to_string()))
+                            .collect(),
+                        Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
+                    );
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            },
             _ => {}
         }
     }
@@ -1849,10 +1922,10 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                 .fields
                 .iter()
                 .filter(|field| field.vis.is_accessible_from(field.did, self.tcx))
-                .map(|field| (field.ident.name, field.ty(self.tcx, expected_substs)))
-                .find(|(_, ty)| ty::TyS::same_type(ty, exp_found.found))
+                .map(|field| (field.name, field.ty(self.tcx, expected_substs)))
+                .find(|(_, ty)| same_type_modulo_infer(ty, exp_found.found))
             {
-                if let ObligationCauseCode::Pattern { span: Some(span), .. } = cause.code {
+                if let ObligationCauseCode::Pattern { span: Some(span), .. } = *cause.code() {
                     if let Ok(snippet) = self.tcx.sess.source_map().span_to_snippet(span) {
                         let suggestion = if expected_def.is_struct() {
                             format!("{}.{}", snippet, name)
@@ -1915,7 +1988,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                                         | (_, ty::Infer(_))
                                         | (ty::Param(_), _)
                                         | (ty::Infer(_), _) => {}
-                                        _ if ty::TyS::same_type(exp_ty, found_ty) => {}
+                                        _ if same_type_modulo_infer(exp_ty, found_ty) => {}
                                         _ => show_suggestion = false,
                                     };
                                 }
@@ -1966,11 +2039,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                 if let ValuePairs::Types(ty::error::ExpectedFound { expected, found }) =
                     trace.values
                 {
-                    // If a tuple of length one was expected and the found expression has
-                    // parentheses around it, perhaps the user meant to write `(expr,)` to
-                    // build a tuple (issue #86100)
                     match (expected.kind(), found.kind()) {
                         (ty::Tuple(_), ty::Tuple(_)) => {}
+                        // If a tuple of length one was expected and the found expression has
+                        // parentheses around it, perhaps the user meant to write `(expr,)` to
+                        // build a tuple (issue #86100)
                         (ty::Tuple(_), _) if expected.tuple_fields().count() == 1 => {
                             if let Ok(code) = self.tcx.sess().source_map().span_to_snippet(span) {
                                 if let Some(code) =
@@ -1985,11 +2058,46 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                                 }
                             }
                         }
+                        // If a character was expected and the found expression is a string literal
+                        // containing a single character, perhaps the user meant to write `'c'` to
+                        // specify a character literal (issue #92479)
+                        (ty::Char, ty::Ref(_, r, _)) if r.is_str() => {
+                            if let Ok(code) = self.tcx.sess().source_map().span_to_snippet(span) {
+                                if let Some(code) =
+                                    code.strip_prefix('"').and_then(|s| s.strip_suffix('"'))
+                                {
+                                    if code.chars().nth(1).is_none() {
+                                        err.span_suggestion(
+                                            span,
+                                            "if you meant to write a `char` literal, use single quotes",
+                                            format!("'{}'", code),
+                                            Applicability::MachineApplicable,
+                                        );
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        // If a string was expected and the found expression is a character literal,
+                        // perhaps the user meant to write `"s"` to specify a string literal.
+                        (ty::Ref(_, r, _), ty::Char) if r.is_str() => {
+                            if let Ok(code) = self.tcx.sess().source_map().span_to_snippet(span) {
+                                if let Some(code) =
+                                    code.strip_prefix('\'').and_then(|s| s.strip_suffix('\''))
+                                {
+                                    err.span_suggestion(
+                                        span,
+                                        "if you meant to write a `str` literal, use double quotes",
+                                        format!("\"{}\"", code),
+                                        Applicability::MachineApplicable,
+                                    );
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
                         _ => {}
                     }
                 }
                 if let MatchExpressionArm(box MatchExpressionArmCause { source, .. }) =
-                    trace.cause.code
+                    *trace.cause.code()
                 {
                     if let hir::MatchSource::TryDesugar = source {
                         if let Some((expected_ty, found_ty)) = self.values_str(trace.values) {
@@ -2007,7 +2115,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                 struct_span_err!(self.tcx.sess, span, E0644, "{}", failure_str)
             }
         };
-        self.note_type_err(&mut diag, &trace.cause, None, Some(trace.values), terr);
+        self.note_type_err(&mut diag, &trace.cause, None, Some(trace.values), terr, false);
         diag
     }
 
@@ -2105,17 +2213,26 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                     if let Some(Node::Item(Item {
                         kind: ItemKind::Trait(..) | ItemKind::Impl { .. },
                         ..
-                    })) = hir.find(parent_id)
+                    })) = hir.find_by_def_id(parent_id)
                     {
-                        Some(self.tcx.generics_of(hir.local_def_id(parent_id).to_def_id()))
+                        Some(self.tcx.generics_of(parent_id))
                     } else {
                         None
                     },
                     self.tcx.generics_of(owner.to_def_id()),
+                    hir.span(hir_id),
                 )
             });
+
+        let span = match generics {
+            // This is to get around the trait identity obligation, that has a `DUMMY_SP` as signal
+            // for other diagnostics, so we need to recover it here.
+            Some((_, _, node)) if span.is_dummy() => node,
+            _ => span,
+        };
+
         let type_param_span = match (generics, bound_kind) {
-            (Some((_, ref generics)), GenericKind::Param(ref param)) => {
+            (Some((_, ref generics, _)), GenericKind::Param(ref param)) => {
                 // Account for the case where `param` corresponds to `Self`,
                 // which doesn't have the expected type argument.
                 if !(generics.has_self && param.index == 0) {
@@ -2129,7 +2246,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                         if let Node::GenericParam(param) = hir.get(id) {
                             has_bounds = !param.bounds.is_empty();
                         }
-                        let sp = hir.span(id);
+                        let sp = self.tcx.def_span(def_id);
                         // `sp` only covers `T`, change it so that it covers
                         // `T:` when appropriate
                         let is_impl_trait = bound_kind.to_string().starts_with("impl ");
@@ -2152,7 +2269,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         };
         let new_lt = generics
             .as_ref()
-            .and_then(|(parent_g, g)| {
+            .and_then(|(parent_g, g, _)| {
                 let mut possible = (b'a'..=b'z').map(|c| format!("'{}", c as char));
                 let mut lts_names = g
                     .params
@@ -2168,20 +2285,14 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                             .map(|p| p.name.as_str()),
                     );
                 }
-                let lts = lts_names.iter().map(|s| -> &str { &*s }).collect::<Vec<_>>();
-                possible.find(|candidate| !lts.contains(&candidate.as_str()))
+                possible.find(|candidate| !lts_names.contains(&&candidate[..]))
             })
             .unwrap_or("'lt".to_string());
         let add_lt_sugg = generics
             .as_ref()
-            .and_then(|(_, g)| g.params.first())
+            .and_then(|(_, g, _)| g.params.first())
             .and_then(|param| param.def_id.as_local())
-            .map(|def_id| {
-                (
-                    hir.span(hir.local_def_id_to_hir_id(def_id)).shrink_to_lo(),
-                    format!("{}, ", new_lt),
-                )
-            });
+            .map(|def_id| (self.tcx.def_span(def_id).shrink_to_lo(), format!("{}, ", new_lt)));
 
         let labeled_user_string = match bound_kind {
             GenericKind::Param(ref p) => format!("the parameter type `{}`", p),
@@ -2190,14 +2301,12 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
 
         if let Some(SubregionOrigin::CompareImplMethodObligation {
             span,
-            item_name,
             impl_item_def_id,
             trait_item_def_id,
         }) = origin
         {
             return self.report_extra_impl_obligation(
                 span,
-                item_name,
                 impl_item_def_id,
                 trait_item_def_id,
                 &format!("`{}: {}`", bound_kind, sub),
@@ -2530,7 +2639,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             infer::MiscVariable(_) => String::new(),
             infer::PatternRegion(_) => " for pattern".to_string(),
             infer::AddrOfRegion(_) => " for borrow expression".to_string(),
-            infer::Autoref(_, _) => " for autoref".to_string(),
+            infer::Autoref(_) => " for autoref".to_string(),
             infer::Coercion(_) => " for automatic coercion".to_string(),
             infer::LateBoundRegion(_, br, infer::FnCall) => {
                 format!(" for lifetime parameter {}in function call", br_string(br))
@@ -2541,7 +2650,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             infer::LateBoundRegion(_, br, infer::AssocTypeProjection(def_id)) => format!(
                 " for lifetime parameter {}in trait containing associated type `{}`",
                 br_string(br),
-                self.tcx.associated_item(def_id).ident
+                self.tcx.associated_item(def_id).name
             ),
             infer::EarlyBoundRegion(_, name) => format!(" for lifetime parameter `{}`", name),
             infer::UpvarRegion(ref upvar_id, _) => {
@@ -2578,7 +2687,7 @@ impl<'tcx> ObligationCauseExt<'tcx> for ObligationCause<'tcx> {
     fn as_failure_code(&self, terr: &TypeError<'tcx>) -> FailureCode {
         use self::FailureCode::*;
         use crate::traits::ObligationCauseCode::*;
-        match self.code {
+        match self.code() {
             CompareImplMethodObligation { .. } => Error0308("method not compatible with trait"),
             CompareImplTypeObligation { .. } => Error0308("type not compatible with trait"),
             MatchExpressionArm(box MatchExpressionArmCause { source, .. }) => {
@@ -2613,7 +2722,7 @@ impl<'tcx> ObligationCauseExt<'tcx> for ObligationCause<'tcx> {
 
     fn as_requirement_str(&self) -> &'static str {
         use crate::traits::ObligationCauseCode::*;
-        match self.code {
+        match self.code() {
             CompareImplMethodObligation { .. } => "method type is compatible with trait",
             CompareImplTypeObligation { .. } => "associated type is compatible with trait",
             ExprAssignable => "expression is assignable",
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/need_type_info.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/need_type_info.rs
index e00003face9..4c93ec7ab18 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/need_type_info.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/need_type_info.rs
@@ -1,19 +1,18 @@
 use crate::infer::type_variable::TypeVariableOriginKind;
-use crate::infer::InferCtxt;
+use crate::infer::{InferCtxt, Symbol};
 use rustc_errors::{pluralize, struct_span_err, Applicability, DiagnosticBuilder};
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def::{DefKind, Namespace};
 use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
-use rustc_hir::intravisit::{self, NestedVisitorMap, Visitor};
-use rustc_hir::{Body, Expr, ExprKind, FnRetTy, HirId, Local, Pat};
-use rustc_middle::hir::map::Map;
+use rustc_hir::intravisit::{self, Visitor};
+use rustc_hir::{Body, Expr, ExprKind, FnRetTy, HirId, Local, MatchSource, Pat};
+use rustc_middle::hir::nested_filter;
 use rustc_middle::infer::unify_key::ConstVariableOriginKind;
 use rustc_middle::ty::print::Print;
 use rustc_middle::ty::subst::{GenericArg, GenericArgKind};
-use rustc_middle::ty::{self, DefIdTree, InferConst, Ty, TyCtxt};
-use rustc_span::source_map::DesugaringKind;
+use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Const, DefIdTree, InferConst, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeFoldable, TypeFolder};
 use rustc_span::symbol::kw;
-use rustc_span::Span;
+use rustc_span::{sym, Span};
 use std::borrow::Cow;
 
 struct FindHirNodeVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
@@ -26,6 +25,7 @@ struct FindHirNodeVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
     found_closure: Option<&'tcx Expr<'tcx>>,
     found_method_call: Option<&'tcx Expr<'tcx>>,
     found_exact_method_call: Option<&'tcx Expr<'tcx>>,
+    found_for_loop_iter: Option<&'tcx Expr<'tcx>>,
     found_use_diagnostic: Option<UseDiagnostic<'tcx>>,
 }
 
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FindHirNodeVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
             found_closure: None,
             found_method_call: None,
             found_exact_method_call: None,
+            found_for_loop_iter: None,
             found_use_diagnostic: None,
         }
     }
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FindHirNodeVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
 
     fn node_ty_contains_target(&self, hir_id: HirId) -> Option<Ty<'tcx>> {
         self.node_type_opt(hir_id).map(|ty| self.infcx.resolve_vars_if_possible(ty)).filter(|ty| {
-            ty.walk(self.infcx.tcx).any(|inner| {
+            ty.walk().any(|inner| {
                 inner == self.target
                     || match (inner.unpack(), self.target.unpack()) {
                         (GenericArgKind::Type(inner_ty), GenericArgKind::Type(target_ty)) => {
@@ -82,10 +83,10 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FindHirNodeVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
 }
 
 impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for FindHirNodeVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
-    type Map = Map<'tcx>;
+    type NestedFilter = nested_filter::OnlyBodies;
 
-    fn nested_visit_map(&mut self) -> NestedVisitorMap<Self::Map> {
-        NestedVisitorMap::OnlyBodies(self.infcx.tcx.hir())
+    fn nested_visit_map(&mut self) -> Self::Map {
+        self.infcx.tcx.hir()
     }
 
     fn visit_local(&mut self, local: &'tcx Local<'tcx>) {
@@ -111,8 +112,17 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for FindHirNodeVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
     }
 
     fn visit_expr(&mut self, expr: &'tcx Expr<'tcx>) {
-        if let ExprKind::MethodCall(_, call_span, exprs, _) = expr.kind {
-            if call_span == self.target_span
+        if let ExprKind::Match(scrutinee, [_, arm], MatchSource::ForLoopDesugar) = expr.kind {
+            if let Some(pat) = arm.pat.for_loop_some() {
+                if let Some(ty) = self.node_ty_contains_target(pat.hir_id) {
+                    self.found_for_loop_iter = Some(scrutinee);
+                    self.found_node_ty = Some(ty);
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if let ExprKind::MethodCall(segment, exprs, _) = expr.kind {
+            if segment.ident.span == self.target_span
                 && Some(self.target)
                     == self.infcx.in_progress_typeck_results.and_then(|typeck_results| {
                         typeck_results
@@ -295,6 +305,15 @@ pub enum UnderspecifiedArgKind {
     Const { is_parameter: bool },
 }
 
+impl UnderspecifiedArgKind {
+    fn descr(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Type { .. } => "type",
+            Self::Const { .. } => "const",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl InferenceDiagnosticsData {
     /// Generate a label for a generic argument which can't be inferred. When not
     /// much is known about the argument, `use_diag` may be used to describe the
@@ -390,36 +409,73 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                 }
             }
             GenericArgKind::Const(ct) => {
-                if let ty::ConstKind::Infer(InferConst::Var(vid)) = ct.val {
-                    let origin =
-                        self.inner.borrow_mut().const_unification_table().probe_value(vid).origin;
-                    if let ConstVariableOriginKind::ConstParameterDefinition(name, def_id) =
-                        origin.kind
-                    {
-                        return InferenceDiagnosticsData {
-                            name: name.to_string(),
+                match ct.val {
+                    ty::ConstKind::Infer(InferConst::Var(vid)) => {
+                        let origin = self
+                            .inner
+                            .borrow_mut()
+                            .const_unification_table()
+                            .probe_value(vid)
+                            .origin;
+                        if let ConstVariableOriginKind::ConstParameterDefinition(name, def_id) =
+                            origin.kind
+                        {
+                            return InferenceDiagnosticsData {
+                                name: name.to_string(),
+                                span: Some(origin.span),
+                                kind: UnderspecifiedArgKind::Const { is_parameter: true },
+                                parent: InferenceDiagnosticsParentData::for_def_id(
+                                    self.tcx, def_id,
+                                ),
+                            };
+                        }
+
+                        debug_assert!(!origin.span.is_dummy());
+                        let mut s = String::new();
+                        let mut printer =
+                            ty::print::FmtPrinter::new(self.tcx, &mut s, Namespace::ValueNS);
+                        if let Some(highlight) = highlight {
+                            printer.region_highlight_mode = highlight;
+                        }
+                        let _ = ct.print(printer);
+                        InferenceDiagnosticsData {
+                            name: s,
                             span: Some(origin.span),
-                            kind: UnderspecifiedArgKind::Const { is_parameter: true },
-                            parent: InferenceDiagnosticsParentData::for_def_id(self.tcx, def_id),
-                        };
+                            kind: UnderspecifiedArgKind::Const { is_parameter: false },
+                            parent: None,
+                        }
                     }
+                    ty::ConstKind::Unevaluated(ty::Unevaluated { substs, .. }) => {
+                        assert!(substs.has_infer_types_or_consts());
 
-                    debug_assert!(!origin.span.is_dummy());
-                    let mut s = String::new();
-                    let mut printer =
-                        ty::print::FmtPrinter::new(self.tcx, &mut s, Namespace::ValueNS);
-                    if let Some(highlight) = highlight {
-                        printer.region_highlight_mode = highlight;
+                        // FIXME: We only use the first inference variable we encounter in
+                        // `substs` here, this gives insufficiently informative diagnostics
+                        // in case there are multiple inference variables
+                        for s in substs.iter() {
+                            match s.unpack() {
+                                GenericArgKind::Type(t) => match t.kind() {
+                                    ty::Infer(_) => {
+                                        return self.extract_inference_diagnostics_data(s, None);
+                                    }
+                                    _ => {}
+                                },
+                                GenericArgKind::Const(c) => match c.val {
+                                    ty::ConstKind::Infer(InferConst::Var(_)) => {
+                                        return self.extract_inference_diagnostics_data(s, None);
+                                    }
+                                    _ => {}
+                                },
+                                _ => {}
+                            }
+                        }
+                        bug!(
+                            "expected an inference variable in substs of unevaluated const {:?}",
+                            ct
+                        );
                     }
-                    let _ = ct.print(printer);
-                    InferenceDiagnosticsData {
-                        name: s,
-                        span: Some(origin.span),
-                        kind: UnderspecifiedArgKind::Const { is_parameter: false },
-                        parent: None,
+                    _ => {
+                        bug!("unexpect const: {:?}", ct);
                     }
-                } else {
-                    bug!("unexpect const: {:?}", ct);
                 }
             }
             GenericArgKind::Lifetime(_) => bug!("unexpected lifetime"),
@@ -475,18 +531,18 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             // 3 |     let _ = x.sum() as f64;
             //   |               ^^^ cannot infer type for `S`
             span
-        } else if let Some(ExprKind::MethodCall(_, call_span, _, _)) =
+        } else if let Some(ExprKind::MethodCall(segment, ..)) =
             local_visitor.found_method_call.map(|e| &e.kind)
         {
             // Point at the call instead of the whole expression:
             // error[E0284]: type annotations needed
             //  --> file.rs:2:5
             //   |
-            // 2 |     vec![Ok(2)].into_iter().collect()?;
-            //   |                             ^^^^^^^ cannot infer type
+            // 2 |     [Ok(2)].into_iter().collect()?;
+            //   |                         ^^^^^^^ cannot infer type
             //   |
             //   = note: cannot resolve `<_ as std::ops::Try>::Ok == _`
-            if span.contains(*call_span) { *call_span } else { span }
+            if span.contains(segment.ident.span) { segment.ident.span } else { span }
         } else {
             span
         };
@@ -538,6 +594,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             }
         }
 
+        let param_type = arg_data.kind.descr();
         let suffix = match local_visitor.found_node_ty {
             Some(ty) if ty.is_closure() => {
                 let substs =
@@ -576,13 +633,15 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             }
             Some(ty) if is_named_and_not_impl_trait(ty) && arg_data.name == "_" => {
                 let ty = ty_to_string(ty);
-                format!("the explicit type `{}`, with the type parameters specified", ty)
+                format!("the explicit type `{}`, with the {} parameters specified", ty, param_type)
             }
             Some(ty) if is_named_and_not_impl_trait(ty) && ty.to_string() != arg_data.name => {
+                let ty = ResolvedTypeParamEraser::new(self.tcx).fold_ty(ty);
+                let ty = ErrTypeParamEraser(self.tcx).fold_ty(ty);
                 let ty = ty_to_string(ty);
                 format!(
-                    "the explicit type `{}`, where the type parameter `{}` is specified",
-                    ty, arg_data.name,
+                    "the explicit type `{}`, where the {} parameter `{}` is specified",
+                    ty, param_type, arg_data.name,
                 )
             }
             _ => "a type".to_string(),
@@ -643,17 +702,14 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             let msg = if let Some(simple_ident) = pattern.simple_ident() {
                 match pattern.span.desugaring_kind() {
                     None => format!("consider giving `{}` {}", simple_ident, suffix),
-                    Some(DesugaringKind::ForLoop(_)) => {
-                        "the element type for this iterator is not specified".to_string()
-                    }
-                    _ => format!("this needs {}", suffix),
+                    Some(_) => format!("this needs {}", suffix),
                 }
             } else {
                 format!("consider giving this pattern {}", suffix)
             };
             err.span_label(pattern.span, msg);
         } else if let Some(e) = local_visitor.found_method_call {
-            if let ExprKind::MethodCall(segment, _, exprs, _) = &e.kind {
+            if let ExprKind::MethodCall(segment, exprs, _) = &e.kind {
                 // Suggest impl candidates:
                 //
                 // error[E0283]: type annotations needed
@@ -719,6 +775,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                 //    = note: type must be known at this point
                 self.annotate_method_call(segment, e, &mut err);
             }
+        } else if let Some(scrutinee) = local_visitor.found_for_loop_iter {
+            err.span_label(
+                scrutinee.span,
+                "the element type for this iterator is not specified".to_string(),
+            );
         }
         // Instead of the following:
         // error[E0282]: type annotations needed
@@ -856,3 +917,117 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         err
     }
 }
+
+/// Turn *resolved* type params into `[type error]` to signal we don't want to display them. After
+/// performing that replacement, we'll turn all remaining infer type params to use their name from
+/// their definition, and replace all the `[type error]`s back to being infer so they display in
+/// the output as `_`. If we didn't go through `[type error]`, we would either show all type params
+/// by their name *or* `_`, neither of which is desireable: we want to show all types that we could
+/// infer as `_` to reduce verbosity and avoid telling the user about unnecessary type annotations.
+struct ResolvedTypeParamEraser<'tcx> {
+    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+    level: usize,
+}
+
+impl<'tcx> ResolvedTypeParamEraser<'tcx> {
+    fn new(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> Self {
+        ResolvedTypeParamEraser { tcx, level: 0 }
+    }
+
+    /// Replace not yet inferred const params with their def name.
+    fn replace_infers(&self, c: &'tcx Const<'tcx>, index: u32, name: Symbol) -> &'tcx Const<'tcx> {
+        match c.val {
+            ty::ConstKind::Infer(..) => self.tcx().mk_const_param(index, name, c.ty),
+            _ => c,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'tcx> TypeFolder<'tcx> for ResolvedTypeParamEraser<'tcx> {
+    fn tcx<'a>(&'a self) -> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
+        self.tcx
+    }
+    fn fold_ty(&mut self, t: Ty<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
+        self.level += 1;
+        let t = match t.kind() {
+            // We'll hide this type only if all its type params are hidden as well.
+            ty::Adt(def, substs) => {
+                let generics = self.tcx().generics_of(def.did);
+                // Account for params with default values, like `Vec`, where we
+                // want to show `Vec<T>`, not `Vec<T, _>`. If we replaced that
+                // subst, then we'd get the incorrect output, so we passthrough.
+                let substs: Vec<_> = substs
+                    .iter()
+                    .zip(generics.params.iter())
+                    .map(|(subst, param)| match &(subst.unpack(), &param.kind) {
+                        (_, ty::GenericParamDefKind::Type { has_default: true, .. }) => subst,
+                        (crate::infer::GenericArgKind::Const(c), _) => {
+                            self.replace_infers(c, param.index, param.name).into()
+                        }
+                        _ => subst.super_fold_with(self),
+                    })
+                    .collect();
+                let should_keep = |subst: &GenericArg<'_>| match subst.unpack() {
+                    ty::subst::GenericArgKind::Type(t) => match t.kind() {
+                        ty::Error(_) => false,
+                        _ => true,
+                    },
+                    // Account for `const` params here, otherwise `doesnt_infer.rs`
+                    // shows `_` instead of `Foo<{ _: u32 }>`
+                    ty::subst::GenericArgKind::Const(_) => true,
+                    _ => false,
+                };
+                if self.level == 1 || substs.iter().any(should_keep) {
+                    let substs = self.tcx().intern_substs(&substs[..]);
+                    self.tcx().mk_ty(ty::Adt(def, substs))
+                } else {
+                    self.tcx().ty_error()
+                }
+            }
+            ty::Ref(_, ty, _) => {
+                let ty = self.fold_ty(ty);
+                match ty.kind() {
+                    // Avoid `&_`, these can be safely presented as `_`.
+                    ty::Error(_) => self.tcx().ty_error(),
+                    _ => t.super_fold_with(self),
+                }
+            }
+            // We could account for `()` if we wanted to replace it, but it's assured to be short.
+            ty::Tuple(_)
+            | ty::Slice(_)
+            | ty::RawPtr(_)
+            | ty::FnDef(..)
+            | ty::FnPtr(_)
+            | ty::Opaque(..)
+            | ty::Projection(_)
+            | ty::Never => t.super_fold_with(self),
+            ty::Array(ty, c) => {
+                self.tcx().mk_ty(ty::Array(self.fold_ty(ty), self.replace_infers(c, 0, sym::N)))
+            }
+            // We don't want to hide type params that haven't been resolved yet.
+            // This would be the type that will be written out with the type param
+            // name in the output.
+            ty::Infer(_) => t,
+            // We don't want to hide the outermost type, only its type params.
+            _ if self.level == 1 => t.super_fold_with(self),
+            // Hide this type
+            _ => self.tcx().ty_error(),
+        };
+        self.level -= 1;
+        t
+    }
+}
+
+/// Replace `[type error]` with `ty::Infer(ty::Var)` to display `_`.
+struct ErrTypeParamEraser<'tcx>(TyCtxt<'tcx>);
+impl<'tcx> TypeFolder<'tcx> for ErrTypeParamEraser<'tcx> {
+    fn tcx<'a>(&'a self) -> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
+        self.0
+    }
+    fn fold_ty(&mut self, t: Ty<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
+        match t.kind() {
+            ty::Error(_) => self.tcx().mk_ty_var(ty::TyVid::from_u32(0)),
+            _ => t.super_fold_with(self),
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/different_lifetimes.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/different_lifetimes.rs
index ac57796763f..4eec492b3ae 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/different_lifetimes.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/different_lifetimes.rs
@@ -106,90 +106,47 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> NiceRegionError<'a, 'tcx> {
             None => String::new(),
         };
 
-        let (span_1, span_2, main_label, span_label, future_return_type) =
-            match (sup_is_ret_type, sub_is_ret_type) {
-                (None, None) => {
-                    let (main_label_1, span_label_1) = if ty_sup.hir_id == ty_sub.hir_id {
-                        (
-                            "this type is declared with multiple lifetimes...".to_owned(),
-                            "...but data with one lifetime flows into the other here".to_owned(),
-                        )
-                    } else {
-                        (
-                            "these two types are declared with different lifetimes...".to_owned(),
-                            format!("...but data{} flows{} here", span_label_var1, span_label_var2),
-                        )
-                    };
-                    (ty_sup.span, ty_sub.span, main_label_1, span_label_1, None)
-                }
+        debug!(
+            "try_report_anon_anon_conflict: sub_is_ret_type={:?} sup_is_ret_type={:?}",
+            sub_is_ret_type, sup_is_ret_type
+        );
 
-                (Some(ret_span), _) => {
-                    let sup_future = self.future_return_type(scope_def_id_sup);
-                    let (return_type, action) = if sup_future.is_some() {
-                        ("returned future", "held across an await point")
-                    } else {
-                        ("return type", "returned")
-                    };
+        let mut err = struct_span_err!(self.tcx().sess, span, E0623, "lifetime mismatch");
 
-                    (
-                        ty_sub.span,
-                        ret_span,
-                        format!(
-                            "this parameter and the {} are declared with different lifetimes...",
-                            return_type
-                        ),
-                        format!("...but data{} is {} here", span_label_var1, action),
-                        sup_future,
-                    )
-                }
-                (_, Some(ret_span)) => {
-                    let sub_future = self.future_return_type(scope_def_id_sub);
-                    let (return_type, action) = if sub_future.is_some() {
-                        ("returned future", "held across an await point")
-                    } else {
-                        ("return type", "returned")
-                    };
+        match (sup_is_ret_type, sub_is_ret_type) {
+            (ret_capture @ Some(ret_span), _) | (_, ret_capture @ Some(ret_span)) => {
+                let param_span =
+                    if sup_is_ret_type == ret_capture { ty_sub.span } else { ty_sup.span };
+
+                err.span_label(
+                    param_span,
+                    "this parameter and the return type are declared with different lifetimes...",
+                );
+                err.span_label(ret_span, "");
+                err.span_label(span, format!("...but data{} is returned here", span_label_var1));
+            }
 
-                    (
+            (None, None) => {
+                if ty_sup.hir_id == ty_sub.hir_id {
+                    err.span_label(ty_sup.span, "this type is declared with multiple lifetimes...");
+                    err.span_label(ty_sub.span, "");
+                    err.span_label(span, "...but data with one lifetime flows into the other here");
+                } else {
+                    err.span_label(
                         ty_sup.span,
-                        ret_span,
-                        format!(
-                            "this parameter and the {} are declared with different lifetimes...",
-                            return_type
-                        ),
-                        format!("...but data{} is {} here", span_label_var1, action),
-                        sub_future,
-                    )
+                        "these two types are declared with different lifetimes...",
+                    );
+                    err.span_label(ty_sub.span, "");
+                    err.span_label(
+                        span,
+                        format!("...but data{} flows{} here", span_label_var1, span_label_var2),
+                    );
                 }
-            };
-
-        let mut err = struct_span_err!(self.tcx().sess, span, E0623, "lifetime mismatch");
-
-        err.span_label(span_1, main_label);
-        err.span_label(span_2, String::new());
-        err.span_label(span, span_label);
+            }
+        }
 
         self.suggest_adding_lifetime_params(sub, ty_sup, ty_sub, &mut err);
 
-        if let Some(t) = future_return_type {
-            let snip = self
-                .tcx()
-                .sess
-                .source_map()
-                .span_to_snippet(t.span)
-                .ok()
-                .and_then(|s| match (&t.kind, s.as_str()) {
-                    (rustc_hir::TyKind::Tup(&[]), "") => Some("()".to_string()),
-                    (_, "") => None,
-                    _ => Some(s),
-                })
-                .unwrap_or_else(|| "{unnamed_type}".to_string());
-
-            err.span_label(
-                t.span,
-                &format!("this `async fn` implicitly returns an `impl Future<Output = {}>`", snip),
-            );
-        }
         err.emit();
         Some(ErrorReported)
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/find_anon_type.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/find_anon_type.rs
index 58eb1e9aa12..b1535701bb3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/find_anon_type.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/find_anon_type.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use rustc_hir as hir;
-use rustc_hir::intravisit::{self, NestedVisitorMap, Visitor};
-use rustc_hir::Node;
+use rustc_hir::intravisit::{self, Visitor};
 use rustc_middle::hir::map::Map;
+use rustc_middle::hir::nested_filter;
 use rustc_middle::middle::resolve_lifetime as rl;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Region, TyCtxt};
 
@@ -20,29 +20,23 @@ use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Region, TyCtxt};
 /// ```
 /// The function returns the nested type corresponding to the anonymous region
 /// for e.g., `&u8` and `Vec<&u8>`.
-pub(crate) fn find_anon_type(
+pub(crate) fn find_anon_type<'tcx>(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
     region: Region<'tcx>,
     br: &ty::BoundRegionKind,
-) -> Option<(&'tcx hir::Ty<'tcx>, &'tcx hir::FnDecl<'tcx>)> {
+) -> Option<(&'tcx hir::Ty<'tcx>, &'tcx hir::FnSig<'tcx>)> {
     if let Some(anon_reg) = tcx.is_suitable_region(region) {
         let hir_id = tcx.hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(anon_reg.def_id);
-        let fndecl = match tcx.hir().get(hir_id) {
-            Node::Item(&hir::Item { kind: hir::ItemKind::Fn(ref m, ..), .. })
-            | Node::TraitItem(&hir::TraitItem {
-                kind: hir::TraitItemKind::Fn(ref m, ..), ..
-            })
-            | Node::ImplItem(&hir::ImplItem { kind: hir::ImplItemKind::Fn(ref m, ..), .. }) => {
-                &m.decl
-            }
-            _ => return None,
+        let Some(fn_sig) = tcx.hir().get(hir_id).fn_sig() else {
+            return None
         };
 
-        fndecl
+        fn_sig
+            .decl
             .inputs
             .iter()
             .find_map(|arg| find_component_for_bound_region(tcx, arg, br))
-            .map(|ty| (ty, &**fndecl))
+            .map(|ty| (ty, fn_sig))
     } else {
         None
     }
@@ -50,7 +44,7 @@ pub(crate) fn find_anon_type(
 
 // This method creates a FindNestedTypeVisitor which returns the type corresponding
 // to the anonymous region.
-fn find_component_for_bound_region(
+fn find_component_for_bound_region<'tcx>(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
     arg: &'tcx hir::Ty<'tcx>,
     br: &ty::BoundRegionKind,
@@ -83,11 +77,11 @@ struct FindNestedTypeVisitor<'tcx> {
     current_index: ty::DebruijnIndex,
 }
 
-impl Visitor<'tcx> for FindNestedTypeVisitor<'tcx> {
-    type Map = Map<'tcx>;
+impl<'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for FindNestedTypeVisitor<'tcx> {
+    type NestedFilter = nested_filter::OnlyBodies;
 
-    fn nested_visit_map(&mut self) -> NestedVisitorMap<Self::Map> {
-        NestedVisitorMap::OnlyBodies(self.tcx.hir())
+    fn nested_visit_map(&mut self) -> Self::Map {
+        self.tcx.hir()
     }
 
     fn visit_ty(&mut self, arg: &'tcx hir::Ty<'tcx>) {
@@ -207,11 +201,11 @@ struct TyPathVisitor<'tcx> {
     current_index: ty::DebruijnIndex,
 }
 
-impl Visitor<'tcx> for TyPathVisitor<'tcx> {
-    type Map = Map<'tcx>;
+impl<'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for TyPathVisitor<'tcx> {
+    type NestedFilter = nested_filter::OnlyBodies;
 
-    fn nested_visit_map(&mut self) -> NestedVisitorMap<Map<'tcx>> {
-        NestedVisitorMap::OnlyBodies(self.tcx.hir())
+    fn nested_visit_map(&mut self) -> Map<'tcx> {
+        self.tcx.hir()
     }
 
     fn visit_lifetime(&mut self, lifetime: &hir::Lifetime) {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/mismatched_static_lifetime.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/mismatched_static_lifetime.rs
index 35c8786dcd3..d3b47e396ec 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/mismatched_static_lifetime.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/mismatched_static_lifetime.rs
@@ -31,15 +31,15 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> NiceRegionError<'a, 'tcx> {
         };
         // If we added a "points at argument expression" obligation, we remove it here, we care
         // about the original obligation only.
-        let code = match &cause.code {
+        let code = match cause.code() {
             ObligationCauseCode::FunctionArgumentObligation { parent_code, .. } => &*parent_code,
-            _ => &cause.code,
+            _ => cause.code(),
         };
         let (parent, impl_def_id) = match code {
             ObligationCauseCode::MatchImpl(parent, impl_def_id) => (parent, impl_def_id),
             _ => return None,
         };
-        let binding_span = match parent.code {
+        let binding_span = match *parent.code() {
             ObligationCauseCode::BindingObligation(_def_id, binding_span) => binding_span,
             _ => return None,
         };
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/mod.rs
index 6a330977002..fd295b74342 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/mod.rs
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> NiceRegionError<'cx, 'tcx> {
     pub fn regions(&self) -> Option<(Span, ty::Region<'tcx>, ty::Region<'tcx>)> {
         match (&self.error, self.regions) {
             (Some(ConcreteFailure(origin, sub, sup)), None) => Some((origin.span(), sub, sup)),
-            (Some(SubSupConflict(_, _, origin, sub, _, sup)), None) => {
+            (Some(SubSupConflict(_, _, origin, sub, _, sup, _)), None) => {
                 Some((origin.span(), sub, sup))
             }
             (None, Some((span, sub, sup))) => Some((span, sub, sup)),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/named_anon_conflict.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/named_anon_conflict.rs
index 0878f8550da..eb1c80ecb01 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/named_anon_conflict.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/named_anon_conflict.rs
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 use crate::infer::error_reporting::nice_region_error::find_anon_type::find_anon_type;
 use crate::infer::error_reporting::nice_region_error::NiceRegionError;
 use rustc_errors::{struct_span_err, Applicability, DiagnosticBuilder};
-use rustc_hir::intravisit::Visitor;
-use rustc_hir::FnRetTy;
 use rustc_middle::ty;
 
 impl<'a, 'tcx> NiceRegionError<'a, 'tcx> {
@@ -48,19 +46,24 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> NiceRegionError<'a, 'tcx> {
             return None; // inapplicable
         };
 
+        // Suggesting to add a `'static` lifetime to a parameter is nearly always incorrect,
+        // and can steer users down the wrong path.
+        if *named == ty::ReStatic {
+            return None;
+        }
+
         debug!("try_report_named_anon_conflict: named = {:?}", named);
         debug!("try_report_named_anon_conflict: anon_param_info = {:?}", anon_param_info);
         debug!("try_report_named_anon_conflict: region_info = {:?}", region_info);
 
-        let (param, new_ty, new_ty_span, br, is_first, scope_def_id, is_impl_item) = (
-            anon_param_info.param,
-            anon_param_info.param_ty,
-            anon_param_info.param_ty_span,
-            anon_param_info.bound_region,
-            anon_param_info.is_first,
-            region_info.def_id,
-            region_info.is_impl_item,
-        );
+        let param = anon_param_info.param;
+        let new_ty = anon_param_info.param_ty;
+        let new_ty_span = anon_param_info.param_ty_span;
+        let br = anon_param_info.bound_region;
+        let is_first = anon_param_info.is_first;
+        let scope_def_id = region_info.def_id;
+        let is_impl_item = region_info.is_impl_item;
+
         match br {
             ty::BrAnon(_) => {}
             _ => {
@@ -75,26 +78,10 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> NiceRegionError<'a, 'tcx> {
             return None;
         }
 
-        if let Some((_, fndecl)) = find_anon_type(self.tcx(), anon, &br) {
-            if self.is_self_anon(is_first, scope_def_id) {
-                return None;
-            }
-
-            if let FnRetTy::Return(ty) = &fndecl.output {
-                let mut v = ty::TraitObjectVisitor(vec![], self.tcx().hir());
-                v.visit_ty(ty);
-
-                debug!("try_report_named_anon_conflict: ret ty {:?}", ty);
-                if sub == &ty::ReStatic
-                    && v.0.into_iter().any(|t| t.span.desugaring_kind().is_none())
-                {
-                    // If the failure is due to a `'static` requirement coming from a `dyn` or
-                    // `impl` Trait that *isn't* caused by `async fn` desugaring, handle this case
-                    // better in `static_impl_trait`.
-                    debug!("try_report_named_anon_conflict: impl Trait + 'static");
-                    return None;
-                }
-            }
+        if find_anon_type(self.tcx(), anon, &br).is_some()
+            && self.is_self_anon(is_first, scope_def_id)
+        {
+            return None;
         }
 
         let (error_var, span_label_var) = match param.pat.simple_ident() {
@@ -114,16 +101,12 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> NiceRegionError<'a, 'tcx> {
         );
 
         diag.span_label(span, format!("lifetime `{}` required", named));
-        // Suggesting `'static` is nearly always incorrect, and can steer users
-        // down the wrong path.
-        if *named != ty::ReStatic {
-            diag.span_suggestion(
-                new_ty_span,
-                &format!("add explicit lifetime `{}` to {}", named, span_label_var),
-                new_ty.to_string(),
-                Applicability::Unspecified,
-            );
-        }
+        diag.span_suggestion(
+            new_ty_span,
+            &format!("add explicit lifetime `{}` to {}", named, span_label_var),
+            new_ty.to_string(),
+            Applicability::Unspecified,
+        );
 
         Some(diag)
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/placeholder_error.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/placeholder_error.rs
index 4aecc2f40b8..7178bfa525b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/placeholder_error.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/placeholder_error.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ use rustc_middle::ty::{self, TyCtxt};
 
 use std::fmt::{self, Write};
 
-impl NiceRegionError<'me, 'tcx> {
+impl<'tcx> NiceRegionError<'_, 'tcx> {
     /// When given a `ConcreteFailure` for a function with arguments containing a named region and
     /// an anonymous region, emit a descriptive diagnostic error.
     pub(super) fn try_report_placeholder_conflict(&self) -> Option<DiagnosticBuilder<'tcx>> {
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ impl NiceRegionError<'me, 'tcx> {
                 sub_placeholder @ ty::RePlaceholder(_),
                 _,
                 sup_placeholder @ ty::RePlaceholder(_),
+                _,
             )) => self.try_report_trait_placeholder_mismatch(
                 Some(self.tcx().mk_region(ty::ReVar(*vid))),
                 cause,
@@ -49,6 +50,7 @@ impl NiceRegionError<'me, 'tcx> {
                 sub_placeholder @ ty::RePlaceholder(_),
                 _,
                 _,
+                _,
             )) => self.try_report_trait_placeholder_mismatch(
                 Some(self.tcx().mk_region(ty::ReVar(*vid))),
                 cause,
@@ -64,6 +66,7 @@ impl NiceRegionError<'me, 'tcx> {
                 _,
                 _,
                 sup_placeholder @ ty::RePlaceholder(_),
+                _,
             )) => self.try_report_trait_placeholder_mismatch(
                 Some(self.tcx().mk_region(ty::ReVar(*vid))),
                 cause,
@@ -79,6 +82,7 @@ impl NiceRegionError<'me, 'tcx> {
                 _,
                 SubregionOrigin::Subtype(box TypeTrace { cause, values }),
                 sup_placeholder @ ty::RePlaceholder(_),
+                _,
             )) => self.try_report_trait_placeholder_mismatch(
                 Some(self.tcx().mk_region(ty::ReVar(*vid))),
                 cause,
@@ -204,7 +208,7 @@ impl NiceRegionError<'me, 'tcx> {
         );
         let mut err = self.tcx().sess.struct_span_err(span, &msg);
 
-        let leading_ellipsis = if let ObligationCauseCode::ItemObligation(def_id) = cause.code {
+        let leading_ellipsis = if let ObligationCauseCode::ItemObligation(def_id) = *cause.code() {
             err.span_label(span, "doesn't satisfy where-clause");
             err.span_label(
                 self.tcx().def_span(def_id),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/static_impl_trait.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/static_impl_trait.rs
index c6ccd9b60a9..0a9f59fbc97 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/static_impl_trait.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/static_impl_trait.rs
@@ -7,10 +7,11 @@ use crate::traits::{ObligationCauseCode, UnifyReceiverContext};
 use rustc_data_structures::stable_set::FxHashSet;
 use rustc_errors::{struct_span_err, Applicability, DiagnosticBuilder, ErrorReported};
 use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
-use rustc_hir::intravisit::{walk_ty, ErasedMap, NestedVisitorMap, Visitor};
+use rustc_hir::intravisit::{walk_ty, Visitor};
 use rustc_hir::{self as hir, GenericBound, Item, ItemKind, Lifetime, LifetimeName, Node, TyKind};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{
-    self, AssocItemContainer, RegionKind, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeFoldable, TypeVisitor,
+    self, AssocItemContainer, RegionKind, StaticLifetimeVisitor, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeFoldable,
+    TypeVisitor,
 };
 use rustc_span::symbol::Ident;
 use rustc_span::{MultiSpan, Span};
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> NiceRegionError<'a, 'tcx> {
     pub(super) fn try_report_static_impl_trait(&self) -> Option<ErrorReported> {
         debug!("try_report_static_impl_trait(error={:?})", self.error);
         let tcx = self.tcx();
-        let (var_origin, sub_origin, sub_r, sup_origin, sup_r) = match self.error.as_ref()? {
+        let (var_origin, sub_origin, sub_r, sup_origin, sup_r, spans) = match self.error.as_ref()? {
             RegionResolutionError::SubSupConflict(
                 _,
                 var_origin,
@@ -31,8 +32,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> NiceRegionError<'a, 'tcx> {
                 sub_r,
                 sup_origin,
                 sup_r,
+                spans,
             ) if **sub_r == RegionKind::ReStatic => {
-                (var_origin, sub_origin, sub_r, sup_origin, sup_r)
+                (var_origin, sub_origin, sub_r, sup_origin, sup_r, spans)
             }
             RegionResolutionError::ConcreteFailure(
                 SubregionOrigin::Subtype(box TypeTrace { cause, .. }),
@@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> NiceRegionError<'a, 'tcx> {
                 sup_r,
             ) if **sub_r == RegionKind::ReStatic => {
                 // This is for an implicit `'static` requirement coming from `impl dyn Trait {}`.
-                if let ObligationCauseCode::UnifyReceiver(ctxt) = &cause.code {
+                if let ObligationCauseCode::UnifyReceiver(ctxt) = cause.code() {
                     // This may have a closure and it would cause ICE
                     // through `find_param_with_region` (#78262).
                     let anon_reg_sup = tcx.is_suitable_region(sup_r)?;
@@ -68,13 +70,13 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> NiceRegionError<'a, 'tcx> {
                             .map(|s| format!("`{}`", s))
                             .unwrap_or_else(|| "`fn` parameter".to_string()),
                         lifetime,
-                        ctxt.assoc_item.ident,
+                        ctxt.assoc_item.name,
                     );
                     err.span_label(param.param_ty_span, &format!("this data with {}...", lifetime));
                     err.span_label(
                         cause.span,
                         &format!(
-                            "...is captured and required to live as long as `'static` here \
+                            "...is used and required to live as long as `'static` here \
                              because of an implicit lifetime bound on the {}",
                             match ctxt.assoc_item.container {
                                 AssocItemContainer::TraitContainer(id) =>
@@ -123,86 +125,134 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> NiceRegionError<'a, 'tcx> {
             param_name,
             lifetime,
         );
-        err.span_label(param.param_ty_span, &format!("this data with {}...", lifetime));
-        debug!("try_report_static_impl_trait: param_info={:?}", param);
 
-        // We try to make the output have fewer overlapping spans if possible.
-        if (sp == sup_origin.span() || !return_sp.overlaps(sup_origin.span()))
-            && sup_origin.span() != return_sp
-        {
-            // FIXME: account for `async fn` like in `async-await/issues/issue-62097.rs`
-
-            // Customize the spans and labels depending on their relative order so
-            // that split sentences flow correctly.
-            if sup_origin.span().overlaps(return_sp) && sp == sup_origin.span() {
-                // Avoid the following:
-                //
-                // error: cannot infer an appropriate lifetime
-                //   --> $DIR/must_outlive_least_region_or_bound.rs:18:50
-                //    |
-                // LL | fn foo(x: &i32) -> Box<dyn Debug> { Box::new(x) }
-                //    |           ----                      ---------^-
+        let (mention_influencer, influencer_point) =
+            if sup_origin.span().overlaps(param.param_ty_span) {
+                // Account for `async fn` like in `async-await/issues/issue-62097.rs`.
+                // The desugaring of `async `fn`s causes `sup_origin` and `param` to point at the same
+                // place (but with different `ctxt`, hence `overlaps` instead of `==` above).
                 //
-                // and instead show:
+                // This avoids the following:
                 //
-                // error: cannot infer an appropriate lifetime
-                //   --> $DIR/must_outlive_least_region_or_bound.rs:18:50
-                //    |
-                // LL | fn foo(x: &i32) -> Box<dyn Debug> { Box::new(x) }
-                //    |           ----                               ^
-                err.span_label(
-                    sup_origin.span(),
-                    "...is captured here, requiring it to live as long as `'static`",
-                );
+                // LL |     pub async fn run_dummy_fn(&self) {
+                //    |                               ^^^^^
+                //    |                               |
+                //    |                               this data with an anonymous lifetime `'_`...
+                //    |                               ...is captured here...
+                (false, sup_origin.span())
             } else {
-                err.span_label(sup_origin.span(), "...is captured here...");
-                if return_sp < sup_origin.span() {
-                    err.span_note(
-                        return_sp,
-                        "...and is required to live as long as `'static` here",
+                (!sup_origin.span().overlaps(return_sp), param.param_ty_span)
+            };
+        err.span_label(influencer_point, &format!("this data with {}...", lifetime));
+
+        debug!("try_report_static_impl_trait: param_info={:?}", param);
+
+        let mut spans = spans.clone();
+
+        if mention_influencer {
+            spans.push(sup_origin.span());
+        }
+        // We dedup the spans *ignoring* expansion context.
+        spans.sort();
+        spans.dedup_by_key(|span| (span.lo(), span.hi()));
+
+        // We try to make the output have fewer overlapping spans if possible.
+        let require_msg = if spans.is_empty() {
+            "...is used and required to live as long as `'static` here"
+        } else {
+            "...and is required to live as long as `'static` here"
+        };
+        let require_span =
+            if sup_origin.span().overlaps(return_sp) { sup_origin.span() } else { return_sp };
+
+        for span in &spans {
+            err.span_label(*span, "...is used here...");
+        }
+
+        if spans.iter().any(|sp| sp.overlaps(return_sp) || *sp > return_sp) {
+            // If any of the "captured here" labels appears on the same line or after
+            // `require_span`, we put it on a note to ensure the text flows by appearing
+            // always at the end.
+            err.span_note(require_span, require_msg);
+        } else {
+            // We don't need a note, it's already at the end, it can be shown as a `span_label`.
+            err.span_label(require_span, require_msg);
+        }
+
+        if let SubregionOrigin::RelateParamBound(_, _, Some(bound)) = sub_origin {
+            err.span_note(*bound, "`'static` lifetime requirement introduced by this bound");
+        }
+        if let SubregionOrigin::Subtype(box TypeTrace { cause, .. }) = sub_origin {
+            if let ObligationCauseCode::ReturnValue(hir_id)
+            | ObligationCauseCode::BlockTailExpression(hir_id) = cause.code()
+            {
+                let parent_id = tcx.hir().get_parent_item(*hir_id);
+                let parent_id = tcx.hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(parent_id);
+                if let Some(fn_decl) = tcx.hir().fn_decl_by_hir_id(parent_id) {
+                    let mut span: MultiSpan = fn_decl.output.span().into();
+                    let mut add_label = true;
+                    if let hir::FnRetTy::Return(ty) = fn_decl.output {
+                        let mut v = StaticLifetimeVisitor(vec![], tcx.hir());
+                        v.visit_ty(ty);
+                        if !v.0.is_empty() {
+                            span = v.0.clone().into();
+                            for sp in v.0 {
+                                span.push_span_label(
+                                    sp,
+                                    "`'static` requirement introduced here".to_string(),
+                                );
+                            }
+                            add_label = false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if add_label {
+                        span.push_span_label(
+                            fn_decl.output.span(),
+                            "requirement introduced by this return type".to_string(),
+                        );
+                    }
+                    span.push_span_label(
+                        cause.span,
+                        "because of this returned expression".to_string(),
                     );
-                } else {
-                    err.span_label(
-                        return_sp,
-                        "...and is required to live as long as `'static` here",
+                    err.span_note(
+                        span,
+                        "`'static` lifetime requirement introduced by the return type",
                     );
                 }
             }
-        } else {
-            err.span_label(
-                return_sp,
-                "...is captured and required to live as long as `'static` here",
-            );
         }
 
         let fn_returns = tcx.return_type_impl_or_dyn_traits(anon_reg_sup.def_id);
 
         let mut override_error_code = None;
         if let SubregionOrigin::Subtype(box TypeTrace { cause, .. }) = &sup_origin {
-            if let ObligationCauseCode::UnifyReceiver(ctxt) = &cause.code {
+            if let ObligationCauseCode::UnifyReceiver(ctxt) = cause.code() {
                 // Handle case of `impl Foo for dyn Bar { fn qux(&self) {} }` introducing a
                 // `'static` lifetime when called as a method on a binding: `bar.qux()`.
                 if self.find_impl_on_dyn_trait(&mut err, param.param_ty, &ctxt) {
-                    override_error_code = Some(ctxt.assoc_item.ident);
+                    override_error_code = Some(ctxt.assoc_item.name);
                 }
             }
         }
         if let SubregionOrigin::Subtype(box TypeTrace { cause, .. }) = &sub_origin {
-            let code = match &cause.code {
-                ObligationCauseCode::MatchImpl(parent, ..) => &parent.code,
-                _ => &cause.code,
+            let code = match cause.code() {
+                ObligationCauseCode::MatchImpl(parent, ..) => parent.code(),
+                _ => cause.code(),
             };
-            if let ObligationCauseCode::ItemObligation(item_def_id) = *code {
+            if let (ObligationCauseCode::ItemObligation(item_def_id), None) =
+                (code, override_error_code)
+            {
                 // Same case of `impl Foo for dyn Bar { fn qux(&self) {} }` introducing a `'static`
                 // lifetime as above, but called using a fully-qualified path to the method:
                 // `Foo::qux(bar)`.
                 let mut v = TraitObjectVisitor(FxHashSet::default());
                 v.visit_ty(param.param_ty);
                 if let Some((ident, self_ty)) =
-                    self.get_impl_ident_and_self_ty_from_trait(item_def_id, &v.0)
+                    self.get_impl_ident_and_self_ty_from_trait(*item_def_id, &v.0)
                 {
                     if self.suggest_constrain_dyn_trait_in_impl(&mut err, &v.0, ident, self_ty) {
-                        override_error_code = Some(ident);
+                        override_error_code = Some(ident.name);
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -238,7 +288,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> NiceRegionError<'a, 'tcx> {
 }
 
 pub fn suggest_new_region_bound(
-    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+    tcx: TyCtxt<'_>,
     err: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>,
     fn_returns: Vec<&rustc_hir::Ty<'_>>,
     lifetime_name: String,
@@ -376,7 +426,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> NiceRegionError<'a, 'tcx> {
         let tcx = self.tcx();
         match tcx.hir().get_if_local(def_id) {
             Some(Node::ImplItem(impl_item)) => {
-                match tcx.hir().find(tcx.hir().get_parent_item(impl_item.hir_id())) {
+                match tcx.hir().find_by_def_id(tcx.hir().get_parent_item(impl_item.hir_id())) {
                     Some(Node::Item(Item {
                         kind: ItemKind::Impl(hir::Impl { self_ty, .. }),
                         ..
@@ -385,13 +435,13 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> NiceRegionError<'a, 'tcx> {
                 }
             }
             Some(Node::TraitItem(trait_item)) => {
-                let parent_id = tcx.hir().get_parent_item(trait_item.hir_id());
-                match tcx.hir().find(parent_id) {
+                let trait_did = tcx.hir().get_parent_item(trait_item.hir_id());
+                match tcx.hir().find_by_def_id(trait_did) {
                     Some(Node::Item(Item { kind: ItemKind::Trait(..), .. })) => {
                         // The method being called is defined in the `trait`, but the `'static`
                         // obligation comes from the `impl`. Find that `impl` so that we can point
                         // at it in the suggestion.
-                        let trait_did = tcx.hir().local_def_id(parent_id).to_def_id();
+                        let trait_did = trait_did.to_def_id();
                         match tcx
                             .hir()
                             .trait_impls(trait_did)
@@ -508,12 +558,6 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> NiceRegionError<'a, 'tcx> {
 pub(super) struct TraitObjectVisitor(pub(super) FxHashSet<DefId>);
 
 impl<'tcx> TypeVisitor<'tcx> for TraitObjectVisitor {
-    fn tcx_for_anon_const_substs(&self) -> Option<TyCtxt<'tcx>> {
-        // The default anon const substs cannot include
-        // trait objects, so we don't have to bother looking.
-        None
-    }
-
     fn visit_ty(&mut self, t: Ty<'tcx>) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
         match t.kind() {
             ty::Dynamic(preds, RegionKind::ReStatic) => {
@@ -531,12 +575,6 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeVisitor<'tcx> for TraitObjectVisitor {
 pub(super) struct HirTraitObjectVisitor<'a>(pub(super) &'a mut Vec<Span>, pub(super) DefId);
 
 impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for HirTraitObjectVisitor<'a> {
-    type Map = ErasedMap<'tcx>;
-
-    fn nested_visit_map(&mut self) -> NestedVisitorMap<Self::Map> {
-        NestedVisitorMap::None
-    }
-
     fn visit_ty(&mut self, t: &'tcx hir::Ty<'tcx>) {
         if let TyKind::TraitObject(
             poly_trait_refs,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/trait_impl_difference.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/trait_impl_difference.rs
index b9e7ee12bc8..bbea450a769 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/trait_impl_difference.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/trait_impl_difference.rs
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def::Res;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc_hir::intravisit::Visitor;
+use rustc_middle::hir::nested_filter;
 use rustc_middle::ty::print::RegionHighlightMode;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeFoldable, TypeVisitor};
 
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> NiceRegionError<'a, 'tcx> {
             _sub,
             sup_origin,
             _sup,
+            _,
         ) = error.clone()
         {
             if let (&Subtype(ref sup_trace), &Subtype(ref sub_trace)) = (&sup_origin, &sub_origin) {
@@ -35,7 +37,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> NiceRegionError<'a, 'tcx> {
                     ValuePairs::Types(sub_expected_found),
                     ValuePairs::Types(sup_expected_found),
                     CompareImplMethodObligation { trait_item_def_id, .. },
-                ) = (&sub_trace.values, &sup_trace.values, &sub_trace.cause.code)
+                ) = (&sub_trace.values, &sup_trace.values, sub_trace.cause.code())
                 {
                     if sup_expected_found == sub_expected_found {
                         self.emit_err(
@@ -54,12 +56,16 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> NiceRegionError<'a, 'tcx> {
         {
             if let SubregionOrigin::CompareImplTypeObligation {
                 span,
-                item_name,
                 impl_item_def_id,
                 trait_item_def_id,
             } = origin
             {
-                self.emit_associated_type_err(span, item_name, impl_item_def_id, trait_item_def_id);
+                self.emit_associated_type_err(
+                    span,
+                    self.infcx.tcx.item_name(impl_item_def_id),
+                    impl_item_def_id,
+                    trait_item_def_id,
+                );
                 return Some(ErrorReported);
             }
         }
@@ -75,26 +81,21 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> NiceRegionError<'a, 'tcx> {
 
         // Mark all unnamed regions in the type with a number.
         // This diagnostic is called in response to lifetime errors, so be informative.
-        struct HighlightBuilder<'tcx> {
+        struct HighlightBuilder {
             highlight: RegionHighlightMode,
-            tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
             counter: usize,
         }
 
-        impl HighlightBuilder<'tcx> {
-            fn build(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> RegionHighlightMode {
+        impl HighlightBuilder {
+            fn build(ty: Ty<'_>) -> RegionHighlightMode {
                 let mut builder =
-                    HighlightBuilder { highlight: RegionHighlightMode::default(), counter: 1, tcx };
+                    HighlightBuilder { highlight: RegionHighlightMode::default(), counter: 1 };
                 builder.visit_ty(ty);
                 builder.highlight
             }
         }
 
-        impl<'tcx> ty::fold::TypeVisitor<'tcx> for HighlightBuilder<'tcx> {
-            fn tcx_for_anon_const_substs(&self) -> Option<TyCtxt<'tcx>> {
-                Some(self.tcx)
-            }
-
+        impl<'tcx> ty::fold::TypeVisitor<'tcx> for HighlightBuilder {
             fn visit_region(&mut self, r: ty::Region<'tcx>) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
                 if !r.has_name() && self.counter <= 3 {
                     self.highlight.highlighting_region(r, self.counter);
@@ -104,12 +105,12 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> NiceRegionError<'a, 'tcx> {
             }
         }
 
-        let expected_highlight = HighlightBuilder::build(self.tcx(), expected);
+        let expected_highlight = HighlightBuilder::build(expected);
         let expected = self
             .infcx
             .extract_inference_diagnostics_data(expected.into(), Some(expected_highlight))
             .name;
-        let found_highlight = HighlightBuilder::build(self.tcx(), found);
+        let found_highlight = HighlightBuilder::build(found);
         let found =
             self.infcx.extract_inference_diagnostics_data(found.into(), Some(found_highlight)).name;
 
@@ -181,11 +182,11 @@ struct TypeParamSpanVisitor<'tcx> {
     types: Vec<Span>,
 }
 
-impl Visitor<'tcx> for TypeParamSpanVisitor<'tcx> {
-    type Map = rustc_middle::hir::map::Map<'tcx>;
+impl<'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for TypeParamSpanVisitor<'tcx> {
+    type NestedFilter = nested_filter::OnlyBodies;
 
-    fn nested_visit_map(&mut self) -> hir::intravisit::NestedVisitorMap<Self::Map> {
-        hir::intravisit::NestedVisitorMap::OnlyBodies(self.tcx.hir())
+    fn nested_visit_map(&mut self) -> Self::Map {
+        self.tcx.hir()
     }
 
     fn visit_ty(&mut self, arg: &'tcx hir::Ty<'tcx>) {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/util.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/util.rs
index 90bc5b3b2fe..6d71d702cc8 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/util.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/util.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 use crate::infer::error_reporting::nice_region_error::NiceRegionError;
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::LocalDefId;
-use rustc_middle::ty::{self, DefIdTree, Region, Ty};
+use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Binder, DefIdTree, Region, Ty, TypeFoldable};
 use rustc_span::Span;
 
 /// Information about the anonymous region we are searching for.
@@ -94,80 +94,42 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> NiceRegionError<'a, 'tcx> {
             })
     }
 
-    pub(super) fn future_return_type(
-        &self,
-        local_def_id: LocalDefId,
-    ) -> Option<&rustc_hir::Ty<'_>> {
-        if let Some(hir::IsAsync::Async) = self.asyncness(local_def_id) {
-            if let rustc_middle::ty::Opaque(def_id, _) =
-                self.tcx().type_of(local_def_id).fn_sig(self.tcx()).output().skip_binder().kind()
-            {
-                match self.tcx().hir().get_if_local(*def_id) {
-                    Some(hir::Node::Item(hir::Item {
-                        kind:
-                            hir::ItemKind::OpaqueTy(hir::OpaqueTy {
-                                bounds,
-                                origin: hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::AsyncFn,
-                                ..
-                            }),
-                        ..
-                    })) => {
-                        for b in bounds.iter() {
-                            if let hir::GenericBound::LangItemTrait(
-                                hir::LangItem::Future,
-                                _span,
-                                _hir_id,
-                                generic_args,
-                            ) = b
-                            {
-                                for type_binding in generic_args.bindings.iter() {
-                                    if type_binding.ident.name == rustc_span::sym::Output {
-                                        if let hir::TypeBindingKind::Equality { ty } =
-                                            type_binding.kind
-                                        {
-                                            return Some(ty);
-                                        }
-                                    }
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                    _ => {}
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        None
-    }
-
-    pub(super) fn asyncness(&self, local_def_id: LocalDefId) -> Option<hir::IsAsync> {
-        // similar to the asyncness fn in rustc_ty_utils::ty
-        let hir_id = self.tcx().hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(local_def_id);
-        let node = self.tcx().hir().get(hir_id);
-        let fn_kind = node.fn_kind()?;
-        Some(fn_kind.asyncness())
-    }
-
     // Here, we check for the case where the anonymous region
-    // is in the return type.
+    // is in the return type as written by the user.
     // FIXME(#42703) - Need to handle certain cases here.
     pub(super) fn is_return_type_anon(
         &self,
         scope_def_id: LocalDefId,
         br: ty::BoundRegionKind,
-        decl: &hir::FnDecl<'_>,
+        hir_sig: &hir::FnSig<'_>,
     ) -> Option<Span> {
-        let ret_ty = self.tcx().type_of(scope_def_id);
-        if let ty::FnDef(_, _) = ret_ty.kind() {
-            let sig = ret_ty.fn_sig(self.tcx());
-            let late_bound_regions =
-                self.tcx().collect_referenced_late_bound_regions(&sig.output());
-            if late_bound_regions.iter().any(|r| *r == br) {
-                return Some(decl.output.span());
-            }
+        let fn_ty = self.tcx().type_of(scope_def_id);
+        if let ty::FnDef(_, _) = fn_ty.kind() {
+            let ret_ty = fn_ty.fn_sig(self.tcx()).output();
+            let span = hir_sig.decl.output.span();
+            let future_output = if hir_sig.header.is_async() {
+                ret_ty.map_bound(|ty| self.infcx.get_impl_future_output_ty(ty)).transpose()
+            } else {
+                None
+            };
+            return match future_output {
+                Some(output) if self.includes_region(output, br) => Some(span),
+                None if self.includes_region(ret_ty, br) => Some(span),
+                _ => None,
+            };
         }
         None
     }
 
+    fn includes_region(
+        &self,
+        ty: Binder<'tcx, impl TypeFoldable<'tcx>>,
+        region: ty::BoundRegionKind,
+    ) -> bool {
+        let late_bound_regions = self.tcx().collect_referenced_late_bound_regions(&ty);
+        late_bound_regions.iter().any(|r| *r == region)
+    }
+
     // Here we check for the case where anonymous region
     // corresponds to self and if yes, we display E0312.
     // FIXME(#42700) - Need to format self properly to
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/note.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/note.rs
index 167a8893a11..82bd8890dda 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/note.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/note.rs
@@ -330,30 +330,21 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                 );
                 err
             }
-            infer::CompareImplMethodObligation {
-                span,
-                item_name,
-                impl_item_def_id,
-                trait_item_def_id,
-            } => self.report_extra_impl_obligation(
-                span,
-                item_name,
-                impl_item_def_id,
-                trait_item_def_id,
-                &format!("`{}: {}`", sup, sub),
-            ),
-            infer::CompareImplTypeObligation {
-                span,
-                item_name,
-                impl_item_def_id,
-                trait_item_def_id,
-            } => self.report_extra_impl_obligation(
-                span,
-                item_name,
-                impl_item_def_id,
-                trait_item_def_id,
-                &format!("`{}: {}`", sup, sub),
-            ),
+            infer::CompareImplMethodObligation { span, impl_item_def_id, trait_item_def_id } => {
+                self.report_extra_impl_obligation(
+                    span,
+                    impl_item_def_id,
+                    trait_item_def_id,
+                    &format!("`{}: {}`", sup, sub),
+                )
+            }
+            infer::CompareImplTypeObligation { span, impl_item_def_id, trait_item_def_id } => self
+                .report_extra_impl_obligation(
+                    span,
+                    impl_item_def_id,
+                    trait_item_def_id,
+                    &format!("`{}: {}`", sup, sub),
+                ),
         }
     }
 
@@ -368,13 +359,13 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         match placeholder_origin {
             infer::Subtype(box ref trace)
                 if matches!(
-                    &trace.cause.code.peel_derives(),
+                    &trace.cause.code().peel_derives(),
                     ObligationCauseCode::BindingObligation(..)
                 ) =>
             {
                 // Hack to get around the borrow checker because trace.cause has an `Rc`.
                 if let ObligationCauseCode::BindingObligation(_, span) =
-                    &trace.cause.code.peel_derives()
+                    &trace.cause.code().peel_derives()
                 {
                     let span = *span;
                     let mut err = self.report_concrete_failure(placeholder_origin, sub, sup);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/free_regions.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/free_regions.rs
index 4814b65e320..e93cdf79421 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/free_regions.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/free_regions.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Lift, Region, TyCtxt};
 ///
 /// This stuff is a bit convoluted and should be refactored, but as we
 /// transition to NLL, it'll all go away anyhow.
-pub struct RegionRelations<'a, 'tcx> {
+pub(crate) struct RegionRelations<'a, 'tcx> {
     pub tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
 
     /// The context used for debug messages
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/freshen.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/freshen.rs
index c40e409891b..4af1bdf97a7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/freshen.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/freshen.rs
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeFolder<'tcx> for TypeFreshener<'a, 'tcx> {
     }
 
     fn fold_ty(&mut self, t: Ty<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
-        if !t.needs_infer() && !t.has_erasable_regions(self.tcx()) {
+        if !t.needs_infer() && !t.has_erasable_regions() {
             return t;
         }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/glb.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/glb.rs
index d769667c2fb..862f5a5fbb8 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/glb.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/glb.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ impl<'combine, 'infcx, 'tcx> Glb<'combine, 'infcx, 'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
-impl TypeRelation<'tcx> for Glb<'combine, 'infcx, 'tcx> {
+impl<'tcx> TypeRelation<'tcx> for Glb<'_, '_, 'tcx> {
     fn tag(&self) -> &'static str {
         "Glb"
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/lexical_region_resolve/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/lexical_region_resolve/mod.rs
index 4c9dcab26b1..a5ec84a4f14 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/lexical_region_resolve/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/lexical_region_resolve/mod.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{ReEarlyBound, ReEmpty, ReErased, ReFree, ReStatic};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{ReLateBound, RePlaceholder, ReVar};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{Region, RegionVid};
+use rustc_span::Span;
 use std::fmt;
 
 /// This function performs lexical region resolution given a complete
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ use std::fmt;
 /// assuming such values can be found. It returns the final values of
 /// all the variables as well as a set of errors that must be reported.
 #[instrument(level = "debug", skip(region_rels, var_infos, data))]
-pub fn resolve<'tcx>(
+pub(crate) fn resolve<'tcx>(
     region_rels: &RegionRelations<'_, 'tcx>,
     var_infos: VarInfos,
     data: RegionConstraintData<'tcx>,
@@ -96,6 +97,7 @@ pub enum RegionResolutionError<'tcx> {
         Region<'tcx>,
         SubregionOrigin<'tcx>,
         Region<'tcx>,
+        Vec<Span>, // All the influences on a given value that didn't meet its constraints.
     ),
 
     /// Indicates a `'b: 'a` constraint where `'a` is in a universe that
@@ -567,7 +569,30 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> LexicalResolver<'cx, 'tcx> {
                     // if this rule starts to create problems we'll
                     // have to revisit this portion of the code and
                     // think hard about it. =) -- nikomatsakis
-                    self.collect_error_for_expanding_node(graph, &mut dup_vec, node_vid, errors);
+
+                    // Obtain the spans for all the places that can
+                    // influence the constraints on this value for
+                    // richer diagnostics in `static_impl_trait`.
+                    let influences: Vec<Span> = self
+                        .data
+                        .constraints
+                        .iter()
+                        .filter_map(|(constraint, origin)| match (constraint, origin) {
+                            (
+                                Constraint::VarSubVar(_, sup),
+                                SubregionOrigin::DataBorrowed(_, sp),
+                            ) if sup == &node_vid => Some(*sp),
+                            _ => None,
+                        })
+                        .collect();
+
+                    self.collect_error_for_expanding_node(
+                        graph,
+                        &mut dup_vec,
+                        node_vid,
+                        errors,
+                        influences,
+                    );
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -621,6 +646,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> LexicalResolver<'cx, 'tcx> {
         dup_vec: &mut IndexVec<RegionVid, Option<RegionVid>>,
         node_idx: RegionVid,
         errors: &mut Vec<RegionResolutionError<'tcx>>,
+        influences: Vec<Span>,
     ) {
         // Errors in expanding nodes result from a lower-bound that is
         // not contained by an upper-bound.
@@ -667,6 +693,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> LexicalResolver<'cx, 'tcx> {
                          sup: {:?}",
                         origin, node_idx, lower_bound.region, upper_bound.region
                     );
+
                     errors.push(RegionResolutionError::SubSupConflict(
                         node_idx,
                         origin,
@@ -674,6 +701,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> LexicalResolver<'cx, 'tcx> {
                         lower_bound.region,
                         upper_bound.origin.clone(),
                         upper_bound.region,
+                        influences,
                     ));
                     return;
                 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/lub.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/lub.rs
index cbad66397fd..5191d1c1cc1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/lub.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/lub.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ impl<'combine, 'infcx, 'tcx> Lub<'combine, 'infcx, 'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
-impl TypeRelation<'tcx> for Lub<'combine, 'infcx, 'tcx> {
+impl<'tcx> TypeRelation<'tcx> for Lub<'_, '_, 'tcx> {
     fn tag(&self) -> &'static str {
         "Lub"
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/mod.rs
index d6d1dfb7113..d1b24b332bd 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/mod.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ pub(crate) use self::undo_log::{InferCtxtUndoLogs, Snapshot, UndoLog};
 
 use crate::traits::{self, ObligationCause, PredicateObligations, TraitEngine};
 
-use hir::def_id::CRATE_DEF_ID;
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
 use rustc_data_structures::sync::Lrc;
 use rustc_data_structures::undo_log::Rollback;
@@ -21,6 +20,7 @@ use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefId, LocalDefId};
 use rustc_middle::infer::canonical::{Canonical, CanonicalVarValues};
 use rustc_middle::infer::unify_key::{ConstVarValue, ConstVariableValue};
 use rustc_middle::infer::unify_key::{ConstVariableOrigin, ConstVariableOriginKind, ToType};
+use rustc_middle::mir::interpret::ErrorHandled;
 use rustc_middle::mir::interpret::EvalToConstValueResult;
 use rustc_middle::traits::select;
 use rustc_middle::ty::error::{ExpectedFound, TypeError};
@@ -95,9 +95,10 @@ pub(crate) type UnificationTable<'a, 'tcx, T> = ut::UnificationTable<
 /// This is used so that the region values inferred by HIR region solving are
 /// not exposed, and so that we can avoid doing work in HIR typeck that MIR
 /// typeck will also do.
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Default)]
 pub enum RegionckMode {
     /// The default mode: report region errors, don't erase regions.
+    #[default]
     Solve,
     /// Erase the results of region after solving.
     Erase {
@@ -108,12 +109,6 @@ pub enum RegionckMode {
     },
 }
 
-impl Default for RegionckMode {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        RegionckMode::Solve
-    }
-}
-
 impl RegionckMode {
     /// Indicates that the MIR borrowck will repeat these region
     /// checks, so we should ignore errors if NLL is (unconditionally)
@@ -295,7 +290,12 @@ pub struct InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
 
     /// The `DefId` of the item in whose context we are performing inference or typeck.
     /// It is used to check whether an opaque type use is a defining use.
-    pub defining_use_anchor: LocalDefId,
+    ///
+    /// If it is `None`, we can't resolve opaque types here and need to bubble up
+    /// the obligation. This frequently happens for
+    /// short lived InferCtxt within queries. The opaque type obligations are forwarded
+    /// to the outside until the end up in an `InferCtxt` for typeck or borrowck.
+    pub defining_use_anchor: Option<LocalDefId>,
 
     /// During type-checking/inference of a body, `in_progress_typeck_results`
     /// contains a reference to the typeck results being built up, which are
@@ -419,21 +419,11 @@ pub enum SubregionOrigin<'tcx> {
 
     /// Comparing the signature and requirements of an impl method against
     /// the containing trait.
-    CompareImplMethodObligation {
-        span: Span,
-        item_name: Symbol,
-        impl_item_def_id: DefId,
-        trait_item_def_id: DefId,
-    },
+    CompareImplMethodObligation { span: Span, impl_item_def_id: DefId, trait_item_def_id: DefId },
 
     /// Comparing the signature and requirements of an impl associated type
     /// against the containing trait
-    CompareImplTypeObligation {
-        span: Span,
-        item_name: Symbol,
-        impl_item_def_id: DefId,
-        trait_item_def_id: DefId,
-    },
+    CompareImplTypeObligation { span: Span, impl_item_def_id: DefId, trait_item_def_id: DefId },
 }
 
 // `SubregionOrigin` is used a lot. Make sure it doesn't unintentionally get bigger.
@@ -469,7 +459,7 @@ pub enum RegionVariableOrigin {
     AddrOfRegion(Span),
 
     /// Regions created as part of an autoref of a method receiver
-    Autoref(Span, ty::AssocItem),
+    Autoref(Span),
 
     /// Regions created as part of an automatic coercion
     Coercion(Span),
@@ -561,20 +551,16 @@ impl<'tcx> fmt::Display for FixupError<'tcx> {
 pub struct InferCtxtBuilder<'tcx> {
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
     fresh_typeck_results: Option<RefCell<ty::TypeckResults<'tcx>>>,
-    defining_use_anchor: LocalDefId,
+    defining_use_anchor: Option<LocalDefId>,
 }
 
 pub trait TyCtxtInferExt<'tcx> {
     fn infer_ctxt(self) -> InferCtxtBuilder<'tcx>;
 }
 
-impl TyCtxtInferExt<'tcx> for TyCtxt<'tcx> {
+impl<'tcx> TyCtxtInferExt<'tcx> for TyCtxt<'tcx> {
     fn infer_ctxt(self) -> InferCtxtBuilder<'tcx> {
-        InferCtxtBuilder {
-            tcx: self,
-            defining_use_anchor: CRATE_DEF_ID,
-            fresh_typeck_results: None,
-        }
+        InferCtxtBuilder { tcx: self, defining_use_anchor: None, fresh_typeck_results: None }
     }
 }
 
@@ -594,7 +580,7 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtBuilder<'tcx> {
     /// (via `with_fresh_in_progress_typeck_results`) and for the inference context used
     /// in mir borrowck.
     pub fn with_opaque_type_inference(mut self, defining_use_anchor: LocalDefId) -> Self {
-        self.defining_use_anchor = defining_use_anchor;
+        self.defining_use_anchor = Some(defining_use_anchor);
         self
     }
 
@@ -1599,13 +1585,26 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         unevaluated: ty::Unevaluated<'tcx>,
         span: Option<Span>,
     ) -> EvalToConstValueResult<'tcx> {
-        let mut original_values = OriginalQueryValues::default();
-        let canonical = self.canonicalize_query((param_env, unevaluated), &mut original_values);
+        let substs = self.resolve_vars_if_possible(unevaluated.substs);
+
+        // Postpone the evaluation of constants whose substs depend on inference
+        // variables
+        if substs.has_infer_types_or_consts() {
+            return Err(ErrorHandled::TooGeneric);
+        }
+
+        let param_env_erased = self.tcx.erase_regions(param_env);
+        let substs_erased = self.tcx.erase_regions(substs);
+
+        let unevaluated = ty::Unevaluated {
+            def: unevaluated.def,
+            substs: substs_erased,
+            promoted: unevaluated.promoted,
+        };
 
-        let (param_env, unevaluated) = canonical.value;
         // The return value is the evaluated value which doesn't contain any reference to inference
         // variables, thus we don't need to substitute back the original values.
-        self.tcx.const_eval_resolve(param_env, unevaluated, span)
+        self.tcx.const_eval_resolve(param_env_erased, unevaluated, span)
     }
 
     /// If `typ` is a type variable of some kind, resolve it one level
@@ -1718,7 +1717,7 @@ pub enum TyOrConstInferVar<'tcx> {
     Const(ConstVid<'tcx>),
 }
 
-impl TyOrConstInferVar<'tcx> {
+impl<'tcx> TyOrConstInferVar<'tcx> {
     /// Tries to extract an inference variable from a type or a constant, returns `None`
     /// for types other than `ty::Infer(_)` (or `InferTy::Fresh*`) and
     /// for constants other than `ty::ConstKind::Infer(_)` (or `InferConst::Fresh`).
@@ -1824,29 +1823,25 @@ impl<'tcx> SubregionOrigin<'tcx> {
     where
         F: FnOnce() -> Self,
     {
-        match cause.code {
+        match *cause.code() {
             traits::ObligationCauseCode::ReferenceOutlivesReferent(ref_type) => {
                 SubregionOrigin::ReferenceOutlivesReferent(ref_type, cause.span)
             }
 
             traits::ObligationCauseCode::CompareImplMethodObligation {
-                item_name,
                 impl_item_def_id,
                 trait_item_def_id,
             } => SubregionOrigin::CompareImplMethodObligation {
                 span: cause.span,
-                item_name,
                 impl_item_def_id,
                 trait_item_def_id,
             },
 
             traits::ObligationCauseCode::CompareImplTypeObligation {
-                item_name,
                 impl_item_def_id,
                 trait_item_def_id,
             } => SubregionOrigin::CompareImplTypeObligation {
                 span: cause.span,
-                item_name,
                 impl_item_def_id,
                 trait_item_def_id,
             },
@@ -1862,7 +1857,7 @@ impl RegionVariableOrigin {
             MiscVariable(a)
             | PatternRegion(a)
             | AddrOfRegion(a)
-            | Autoref(a, _)
+            | Autoref(a)
             | Coercion(a)
             | EarlyBoundRegion(a, ..)
             | LateBoundRegion(a, ..)
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/nll_relate/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/nll_relate/mod.rs
index 29a9cbc7a99..0a210ed053c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/nll_relate/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/nll_relate/mod.rs
@@ -201,7 +201,6 @@ where
         };
 
         value.skip_binder().visit_with(&mut ScopeInstantiator {
-            tcx: self.infcx.tcx,
             next_region: &mut next_region,
             target_index: ty::INNERMOST,
             bound_region_scope: &mut scope,
@@ -407,7 +406,7 @@ trait VidValuePair<'tcx>: Debug {
     /// Extract the scopes that apply to whichever side of the tuple
     /// the vid was found on.  See the comment where this is called
     /// for more details on why we want them.
-    fn vid_scopes<D: TypeRelatingDelegate<'tcx>>(
+    fn vid_scopes<'r, D: TypeRelatingDelegate<'tcx>>(
         &self,
         relate: &'r mut TypeRelating<'_, 'tcx, D>,
     ) -> &'r mut Vec<BoundRegionScope<'tcx>>;
@@ -424,7 +423,7 @@ trait VidValuePair<'tcx>: Debug {
         D: TypeRelatingDelegate<'tcx>;
 }
 
-impl VidValuePair<'tcx> for (ty::TyVid, Ty<'tcx>) {
+impl<'tcx> VidValuePair<'tcx> for (ty::TyVid, Ty<'tcx>) {
     fn vid(&self) -> ty::TyVid {
         self.0
     }
@@ -433,7 +432,7 @@ impl VidValuePair<'tcx> for (ty::TyVid, Ty<'tcx>) {
         self.1
     }
 
-    fn vid_scopes<D>(
+    fn vid_scopes<'r, D>(
         &self,
         relate: &'r mut TypeRelating<'_, 'tcx, D>,
     ) -> &'r mut Vec<BoundRegionScope<'tcx>>
@@ -456,7 +455,7 @@ impl VidValuePair<'tcx> for (ty::TyVid, Ty<'tcx>) {
 }
 
 // In this case, the "vid" is the "b" type.
-impl VidValuePair<'tcx> for (Ty<'tcx>, ty::TyVid) {
+impl<'tcx> VidValuePair<'tcx> for (Ty<'tcx>, ty::TyVid) {
     fn vid(&self) -> ty::TyVid {
         self.1
     }
@@ -465,7 +464,7 @@ impl VidValuePair<'tcx> for (Ty<'tcx>, ty::TyVid) {
         self.0
     }
 
-    fn vid_scopes<D>(
+    fn vid_scopes<'r, D>(
         &self,
         relate: &'r mut TypeRelating<'_, 'tcx, D>,
     ) -> &'r mut Vec<BoundRegionScope<'tcx>>
@@ -487,7 +486,7 @@ impl VidValuePair<'tcx> for (Ty<'tcx>, ty::TyVid) {
     }
 }
 
-impl<D> TypeRelation<'tcx> for TypeRelating<'me, 'tcx, D>
+impl<'tcx, D> TypeRelation<'tcx> for TypeRelating<'_, 'tcx, D>
 where
     D: TypeRelatingDelegate<'tcx>,
 {
@@ -759,7 +758,6 @@ where
 /// `for<..`>.  For each of those, it creates an entry in
 /// `bound_region_scope`.
 struct ScopeInstantiator<'me, 'tcx> {
-    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
     next_region: &'me mut dyn FnMut(ty::BoundRegion) -> ty::Region<'tcx>,
     // The debruijn index of the scope we are instantiating.
     target_index: ty::DebruijnIndex,
@@ -767,10 +765,6 @@ struct ScopeInstantiator<'me, 'tcx> {
 }
 
 impl<'me, 'tcx> TypeVisitor<'tcx> for ScopeInstantiator<'me, 'tcx> {
-    fn tcx_for_anon_const_substs(&self) -> Option<TyCtxt<'tcx>> {
-        Some(self.tcx)
-    }
-
     fn visit_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(
         &mut self,
         t: &ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
@@ -841,7 +835,7 @@ where
     universe: ty::UniverseIndex,
 }
 
-impl<D> TypeRelation<'tcx> for TypeGeneralizer<'me, 'tcx, D>
+impl<'tcx, D> TypeRelation<'tcx> for TypeGeneralizer<'_, 'tcx, D>
 where
     D: TypeRelatingDelegate<'tcx>,
 {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/opaque_types.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/opaque_types.rs
index e2e07f2072e..e7dca94806c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/opaque_types.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/opaque_types.rs
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         debug!(?concrete_ty);
 
         let first_own_region = match opaque_defn.origin {
-            hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::FnReturn | hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::AsyncFn => {
+            hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::FnReturn(..) | hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::AsyncFn(..) => {
                 // We lower
                 //
                 // fn foo<'l0..'ln>() -> impl Trait<'l0..'lm>
@@ -316,7 +316,6 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         );
 
         concrete_ty.visit_with(&mut ConstrainOpaqueTypeRegionVisitor {
-            tcx: self.tcx,
             op: |r| {
                 self.member_constraint(
                     opaque_type_key.def_id,
@@ -328,6 +327,31 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             },
         });
     }
+
+    fn opaque_type_origin(&self, def_id: LocalDefId) -> Option<hir::OpaqueTyOrigin> {
+        let tcx = self.tcx;
+        let opaque_hir_id = tcx.hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(def_id);
+        let parent_def_id = self.defining_use_anchor?;
+        let item_kind = &tcx.hir().expect_item(def_id).kind;
+        let hir::ItemKind::OpaqueTy(hir::OpaqueTy { origin, ..  }) = item_kind else {
+            span_bug!(
+                tcx.def_span(def_id),
+                "weird opaque type: {:#?}",
+                item_kind
+            )
+        };
+        let in_definition_scope = match *origin {
+            // Async `impl Trait`
+            hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::AsyncFn(parent) => parent == parent_def_id,
+            // Anonymous `impl Trait`
+            hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::FnReturn(parent) => parent == parent_def_id,
+            // Named `type Foo = impl Bar;`
+            hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias => {
+                may_define_opaque_type(tcx, parent_def_id, opaque_hir_id)
+            }
+        };
+        in_definition_scope.then_some(*origin)
+    }
 }
 
 // Visitor that requires that (almost) all regions in the type visited outlive
@@ -343,19 +367,14 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
 //
 // We ignore any type parameters because impl trait values are assumed to
 // capture all the in-scope type parameters.
-struct ConstrainOpaqueTypeRegionVisitor<'tcx, OP> {
-    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+struct ConstrainOpaqueTypeRegionVisitor<OP> {
     op: OP,
 }
 
-impl<'tcx, OP> TypeVisitor<'tcx> for ConstrainOpaqueTypeRegionVisitor<'tcx, OP>
+impl<'tcx, OP> TypeVisitor<'tcx> for ConstrainOpaqueTypeRegionVisitor<OP>
 where
     OP: FnMut(ty::Region<'tcx>),
 {
-    fn tcx_for_anon_const_substs(&self) -> Option<TyCtxt<'tcx>> {
-        Some(self.tcx)
-    }
-
     fn visit_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(
         &mut self,
         t: &ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
@@ -377,7 +396,7 @@ where
 
     fn visit_ty(&mut self, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
         // We're only interested in types involving regions
-        if !ty.flags().intersects(ty::TypeFlags::HAS_POTENTIAL_FREE_REGIONS) {
+        if !ty.flags().intersects(ty::TypeFlags::HAS_FREE_REGIONS) {
             return ControlFlow::CONTINUE;
         }
 
@@ -459,32 +478,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Instantiator<'a, 'tcx> {
                     // }
                     // ```
                     if let Some(def_id) = def_id.as_local() {
-                        let opaque_hir_id = tcx.hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(def_id);
-                        let parent_def_id = self.infcx.defining_use_anchor;
-                        let def_scope_default = || {
-                            let opaque_parent_hir_id = tcx.hir().get_parent_item(opaque_hir_id);
-                            parent_def_id == tcx.hir().local_def_id(opaque_parent_hir_id)
-                        };
-                        let (in_definition_scope, origin) =
-                            match tcx.hir().expect_item(opaque_hir_id).kind {
-                                // Anonymous `impl Trait`
-                                hir::ItemKind::OpaqueTy(hir::OpaqueTy {
-                                    impl_trait_fn: Some(parent),
-                                    origin,
-                                    ..
-                                }) => (parent == parent_def_id.to_def_id(), origin),
-                                // Named `type Foo = impl Bar;`
-                                hir::ItemKind::OpaqueTy(hir::OpaqueTy {
-                                    impl_trait_fn: None,
-                                    origin,
-                                    ..
-                                }) => (
-                                    may_define_opaque_type(tcx, parent_def_id, opaque_hir_id),
-                                    origin,
-                                ),
-                                _ => (def_scope_default(), hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias),
-                            };
-                        if in_definition_scope {
+                        if let Some(origin) = self.infcx.opaque_type_origin(def_id) {
                             let opaque_type_key =
                                 OpaqueTypeKey { def_id: def_id.to_def_id(), substs };
                             return self.fold_opaque_ty(ty, opaque_type_key, origin);
@@ -555,17 +549,35 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Instantiator<'a, 'tcx> {
             let predicate = predicate.subst(tcx, substs);
             debug!(?predicate);
 
+            let predicate = predicate.fold_with(&mut BottomUpFolder {
+                tcx,
+                ty_op: |ty| match *ty.kind() {
+                    // Replace all other mentions of the same opaque type with the hidden type,
+                    // as the bounds must hold on the hidden type after all.
+                    ty::Opaque(def_id2, substs2) if def_id == def_id2 && substs == substs2 => {
+                        ty_var
+                    }
+                    // Instantiate nested instances of `impl Trait`.
+                    ty::Opaque(..) => self.instantiate_opaque_types_in_map(ty),
+                    _ => ty,
+                },
+                lt_op: |lt| lt,
+                ct_op: |ct| ct,
+            });
+
             // We can't normalize associated types from `rustc_infer`, but we can eagerly register inference variables for them.
             let predicate = predicate.fold_with(&mut BottomUpFolder {
                 tcx,
                 ty_op: |ty| match ty.kind() {
-                    ty::Projection(projection_ty) => infcx.infer_projection(
-                        self.param_env,
-                        *projection_ty,
-                        traits::ObligationCause::misc(self.value_span, self.body_id),
-                        0,
-                        &mut self.obligations,
-                    ),
+                    ty::Projection(projection_ty) if !projection_ty.has_escaping_bound_vars() => {
+                        infcx.infer_projection(
+                            self.param_env,
+                            *projection_ty,
+                            traits::ObligationCause::misc(self.value_span, self.body_id),
+                            0,
+                            &mut self.obligations,
+                        )
+                    }
                     _ => ty,
                 },
                 lt_op: |lt| lt,
@@ -574,15 +586,10 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Instantiator<'a, 'tcx> {
             debug!(?predicate);
 
             if let ty::PredicateKind::Projection(projection) = predicate.kind().skip_binder() {
-                if projection.ty.references_error() {
-                    // No point on adding these obligations since there's a type error involved.
+                if projection.term.references_error() {
                     return tcx.ty_error();
                 }
             }
-            // Change the predicate to refer to the type variable,
-            // which will be the concrete type instead of the opaque type.
-            // This also instantiates nested instances of `impl Trait`.
-            let predicate = self.instantiate_opaque_types_in_map(predicate);
 
             let cause =
                 traits::ObligationCause::new(self.value_span, self.body_id, traits::OpaqueType);
@@ -623,7 +630,7 @@ fn may_define_opaque_type(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: LocalDefId, opaque_hir_id: hi
     let scope = tcx.hir().get_defining_scope(opaque_hir_id);
     // We walk up the node tree until we hit the root or the scope of the opaque type.
     while hir_id != scope && hir_id != hir::CRATE_HIR_ID {
-        hir_id = tcx.hir().get_parent_item(hir_id);
+        hir_id = tcx.hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(tcx.hir().get_parent_item(hir_id));
     }
     // Syntactically, we are allowed to define the concrete type if:
     let res = hir_id == scope;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/components.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/components.rs
index 98f926e9d76..fbf149a4788 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/components.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/components.rs
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ pub enum Component<'tcx> {
 
 /// Push onto `out` all the things that must outlive `'a` for the condition
 /// `ty0: 'a` to hold. Note that `ty0` must be a **fully resolved type**.
-pub fn push_outlives_components(
+pub fn push_outlives_components<'tcx>(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
     ty0: Ty<'tcx>,
     out: &mut SmallVec<[Component<'tcx>; 4]>,
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ pub fn push_outlives_components(
     debug!("components({:?}) = {:?}", ty0, out);
 }
 
-fn compute_components(
+fn compute_components<'tcx>(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
     ty: Ty<'tcx>,
     out: &mut SmallVec<[Component<'tcx>; 4]>,
@@ -190,13 +190,13 @@ fn compute_components(
         }
 }
 
-fn compute_components_recursive(
+fn compute_components_recursive<'tcx>(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
     parent: GenericArg<'tcx>,
     out: &mut SmallVec<[Component<'tcx>; 4]>,
     visited: &mut SsoHashSet<GenericArg<'tcx>>,
 ) {
-    for child in parent.walk_shallow(tcx, visited) {
+    for child in parent.walk_shallow(visited) {
         match child.unpack() {
             GenericArgKind::Type(ty) => {
                 compute_components(tcx, ty, out, visited);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/env.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/env.rs
index 9e04773c5fa..3947282aa62 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/env.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/env.rs
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> OutlivesEnvironment<'tcx> {
     /// function. We can then add implied bounds and the like from the
     /// closure arguments into the environment -- these should only
     /// apply in the closure body, so once we exit, we invoke
-    /// `pop_snapshot_post_closure` to remove them.
+    /// `pop_snapshot_post_typeck_child` to remove them.
     ///
     /// Example:
     ///
@@ -129,12 +129,12 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> OutlivesEnvironment<'tcx> {
     /// seems like it'd be readily fixed if we wanted. There are
     /// similar leaks around givens that seem equally suspicious, to
     /// be honest. --nmatsakis
-    pub fn push_snapshot_pre_closure(&self) -> usize {
+    pub fn push_snapshot_pre_typeck_child(&self) -> usize {
         self.region_bound_pairs_accum.len()
     }
 
-    /// See `push_snapshot_pre_closure`.
-    pub fn pop_snapshot_post_closure(&mut self, len: usize) {
+    /// See `push_snapshot_pre_typeck_child`.
+    pub fn pop_snapshot_post_typeck_child(&mut self, len: usize) {
         self.region_bound_pairs_accum.truncate(len);
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/obligations.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/obligations.rs
index 91a22ecc5a9..a5276afc5bf 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/obligations.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/obligations.rs
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'cx, 'tcx> {
             infer::RelateParamBound(
                 cause.span,
                 sup_type,
-                match cause.code.peel_derives() {
+                match cause.code().peel_derives() {
                     ObligationCauseCode::BindingObligation(_, span) => Some(*span),
                     _ => None,
                 },
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'cx, 'tcx> {
             "cannot process registered region obligations in a snapshot"
         );
 
-        debug!("process_registered_region_obligations()");
+        debug!(?param_env, "process_registered_region_obligations()");
 
         let my_region_obligations = self.take_registered_region_obligations();
 
@@ -356,6 +356,8 @@ where
         let trait_bounds: Vec<_> =
             self.verify_bound.projection_declared_bounds_from_trait(projection_ty).collect();
 
+        debug!(?trait_bounds);
+
         // Compute the bounds we can derive from the environment. This
         // is an "approximate" match -- in some cases, these bounds
         // may not apply.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/verify.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/verify.rs
index dba73251b4f..f69212c599b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/verify.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/verify.rs
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> VerifyBoundCx<'cx, 'tcx> {
         visited: &mut SsoHashSet<GenericArg<'tcx>>,
     ) -> VerifyBound<'tcx> {
         let mut bounds = parent
-            .walk_shallow(self.tcx, visited)
+            .walk_shallow(visited)
             .filter_map(|child| match child.unpack() {
                 GenericArgKind::Type(ty) => Some(self.type_bound(ty, visited)),
                 GenericArgKind::Lifetime(lt) => {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/projection.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/projection.rs
index 9b53ab72b00..b45a6514d79 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/projection.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/projection.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             kind: TypeVariableOriginKind::NormalizeProjectionType,
             span: self.tcx.def_span(def_id),
         });
-        let projection = ty::Binder::dummy(ty::ProjectionPredicate { projection_ty, ty: ty_var });
+        let projection =
+            ty::Binder::dummy(ty::ProjectionPredicate { projection_ty, term: ty_var.into() });
         let obligation = Obligation::with_depth(
             cause,
             recursion_depth,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/region_constraints/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/region_constraints/mod.rs
index df4fdb3a982..29775a96685 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/region_constraints/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/region_constraints/mod.rs
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ pub struct RegionConstraintCollector<'a, 'tcx> {
     undo_log: &'a mut InferCtxtUndoLogs<'tcx>,
 }
 
-impl std::ops::Deref for RegionConstraintCollector<'_, 'tcx> {
+impl<'tcx> std::ops::Deref for RegionConstraintCollector<'_, 'tcx> {
     type Target = RegionConstraintStorage<'tcx>;
     #[inline]
     fn deref(&self) -> &RegionConstraintStorage<'tcx> {
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ impl std::ops::Deref for RegionConstraintCollector<'_, 'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
-impl std::ops::DerefMut for RegionConstraintCollector<'_, 'tcx> {
+impl<'tcx> std::ops::DerefMut for RegionConstraintCollector<'_, 'tcx> {
     #[inline]
     fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut RegionConstraintStorage<'tcx> {
         self.storage
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/resolve.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/resolve.rs
index 4b08c2eb9c1..74459911384 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/resolve.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/resolve.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use super::type_variable::{TypeVariableOrigin, TypeVariableOriginKind};
 use super::{FixupError, FixupResult, InferCtxt, Span};
 use rustc_middle::mir;
-use rustc_middle::ty::fold::{TypeFolder, TypeVisitor};
+use rustc_middle::ty::fold::{FallibleTypeFolder, TypeFolder, TypeVisitor};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Const, InferConst, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeFoldable};
 
 use std::ops::ControlFlow;
@@ -126,11 +126,6 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> UnresolvedTypeFinder<'a, 'tcx> {
 
 impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeVisitor<'tcx> for UnresolvedTypeFinder<'a, 'tcx> {
     type BreakTy = (Ty<'tcx>, Option<Span>);
-
-    fn tcx_for_anon_const_substs(&self) -> Option<TyCtxt<'tcx>> {
-        Some(self.infcx.tcx)
-    }
-
     fn visit_ty(&mut self, t: Ty<'tcx>) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
         let t = self.infcx.shallow_resolve(t);
         if t.has_infer_types() {
@@ -175,81 +170,72 @@ pub fn fully_resolve<'a, 'tcx, T>(infcx: &InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx>, value: T) -> Fixu
 where
     T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
 {
-    let mut full_resolver = FullTypeResolver { infcx, err: None };
-    let result = value.fold_with(&mut full_resolver);
-    match full_resolver.err {
-        None => Ok(result),
-        Some(e) => Err(e),
-    }
+    value.try_fold_with(&mut FullTypeResolver { infcx })
 }
 
 // N.B. This type is not public because the protocol around checking the
 // `err` field is not enforceable otherwise.
 struct FullTypeResolver<'a, 'tcx> {
     infcx: &'a InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx>,
-    err: Option<FixupError<'tcx>>,
 }
 
 impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeFolder<'tcx> for FullTypeResolver<'a, 'tcx> {
+    type Error = FixupError<'tcx>;
+
     fn tcx<'b>(&'b self) -> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
         self.infcx.tcx
     }
+}
 
-    fn fold_ty(&mut self, t: Ty<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
+impl<'a, 'tcx> FallibleTypeFolder<'tcx> for FullTypeResolver<'a, 'tcx> {
+    fn try_fold_ty(&mut self, t: Ty<'tcx>) -> Result<Ty<'tcx>, Self::Error> {
         if !t.needs_infer() {
-            t // micro-optimize -- if there is nothing in this type that this fold affects...
+            Ok(t) // micro-optimize -- if there is nothing in this type that this fold affects...
         } else {
             let t = self.infcx.shallow_resolve(t);
             match *t.kind() {
-                ty::Infer(ty::TyVar(vid)) => {
-                    self.err = Some(FixupError::UnresolvedTy(vid));
-                    self.tcx().ty_error()
-                }
-                ty::Infer(ty::IntVar(vid)) => {
-                    self.err = Some(FixupError::UnresolvedIntTy(vid));
-                    self.tcx().ty_error()
-                }
-                ty::Infer(ty::FloatVar(vid)) => {
-                    self.err = Some(FixupError::UnresolvedFloatTy(vid));
-                    self.tcx().ty_error()
-                }
+                ty::Infer(ty::TyVar(vid)) => Err(FixupError::UnresolvedTy(vid)),
+                ty::Infer(ty::IntVar(vid)) => Err(FixupError::UnresolvedIntTy(vid)),
+                ty::Infer(ty::FloatVar(vid)) => Err(FixupError::UnresolvedFloatTy(vid)),
                 ty::Infer(_) => {
                     bug!("Unexpected type in full type resolver: {:?}", t);
                 }
-                _ => t.super_fold_with(self),
+                _ => t.try_super_fold_with(self),
             }
         }
     }
 
-    fn fold_region(&mut self, r: ty::Region<'tcx>) -> ty::Region<'tcx> {
+    fn try_fold_region(&mut self, r: ty::Region<'tcx>) -> Result<ty::Region<'tcx>, Self::Error> {
         match *r {
-            ty::ReVar(rid) => self
+            ty::ReVar(rid) => Ok(self
                 .infcx
                 .lexical_region_resolutions
                 .borrow()
                 .as_ref()
                 .expect("region resolution not performed")
-                .resolve_var(rid),
-            _ => r,
+                .resolve_var(rid)),
+            _ => Ok(r),
         }
     }
 
-    fn fold_const(&mut self, c: &'tcx ty::Const<'tcx>) -> &'tcx ty::Const<'tcx> {
+    fn try_fold_const(
+        &mut self,
+        c: &'tcx ty::Const<'tcx>,
+    ) -> Result<&'tcx ty::Const<'tcx>, Self::Error> {
         if !c.needs_infer() {
-            c // micro-optimize -- if there is nothing in this const that this fold affects...
+            Ok(c) // micro-optimize -- if there is nothing in this const that this fold affects...
         } else {
             let c = self.infcx.shallow_resolve(c);
             match c.val {
                 ty::ConstKind::Infer(InferConst::Var(vid)) => {
-                    self.err = Some(FixupError::UnresolvedConst(vid));
-                    return self.tcx().const_error(c.ty);
+                    return Err(FixupError::UnresolvedConst(vid));
                 }
                 ty::ConstKind::Infer(InferConst::Fresh(_)) => {
                     bug!("Unexpected const in full const resolver: {:?}", c);
                 }
                 _ => {}
             }
-            c.super_fold_with(self)
+            c.try_super_fold_with(self)
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/sub.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/sub.rs
index 8ef0d132cf0..ccac0efd6c9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/sub.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/sub.rs
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ impl<'combine, 'infcx, 'tcx> Sub<'combine, 'infcx, 'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
-impl TypeRelation<'tcx> for Sub<'combine, 'infcx, 'tcx> {
+impl<'tcx> TypeRelation<'tcx> for Sub<'_, '_, 'tcx> {
     fn tag(&self) -> &'static str {
         "Sub"
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/lib.rs
index d0f1ff649d0..5f228d1e203 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/lib.rs
@@ -15,11 +15,10 @@
 #![doc(html_root_url = "https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/nightly-rustc/")]
 #![feature(bool_to_option)]
 #![feature(box_patterns)]
+#![feature(derive_default_enum)]
 #![feature(extend_one)]
-#![feature(iter_zip)]
 #![feature(let_else)]
 #![feature(never_type)]
-#![feature(in_band_lifetimes)]
 #![feature(control_flow_enum)]
 #![feature(min_specialization)]
 #![feature(label_break_value)]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/engine.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/engine.rs
index dce4a87b041..736278ba0d3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/engine.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/engine.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 use crate::infer::InferCtxt;
 use crate::traits::Obligation;
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashMap;
-use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
-use rustc_middle::ty::{self, ToPredicate, Ty, WithConstness};
+use rustc_middle::ty::{self, ToPredicate, Ty};
 
 use super::FulfillmentError;
 use super::{ObligationCause, PredicateObligation};
@@ -46,32 +45,10 @@ pub trait TraitEngine<'tcx>: 'tcx {
         obligation: PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
     );
 
-    fn select_all_or_error(
-        &mut self,
-        infcx: &InferCtxt<'_, 'tcx>,
-    ) -> Result<(), Vec<FulfillmentError<'tcx>>>;
-
-    fn select_all_with_constness_or_error(
-        &mut self,
-        infcx: &InferCtxt<'_, 'tcx>,
-        _constness: hir::Constness,
-    ) -> Result<(), Vec<FulfillmentError<'tcx>>> {
-        self.select_all_or_error(infcx)
-    }
+    fn select_all_or_error(&mut self, infcx: &InferCtxt<'_, 'tcx>) -> Vec<FulfillmentError<'tcx>>;
 
-    fn select_where_possible(
-        &mut self,
-        infcx: &InferCtxt<'_, 'tcx>,
-    ) -> Result<(), Vec<FulfillmentError<'tcx>>>;
-
-    // FIXME(fee1-dead) this should not provide a default body for chalk as chalk should be updated
-    fn select_with_constness_where_possible(
-        &mut self,
-        infcx: &InferCtxt<'_, 'tcx>,
-        _constness: hir::Constness,
-    ) -> Result<(), Vec<FulfillmentError<'tcx>>> {
-        self.select_where_possible(infcx)
-    }
+    fn select_where_possible(&mut self, infcx: &InferCtxt<'_, 'tcx>)
+    -> Vec<FulfillmentError<'tcx>>;
 
     fn pending_obligations(&self) -> Vec<PredicateObligation<'tcx>>;
 
@@ -86,7 +63,7 @@ pub trait TraitEngineExt<'tcx> {
     );
 }
 
-impl<T: ?Sized + TraitEngine<'tcx>> TraitEngineExt<'tcx> for T {
+impl<'tcx, T: ?Sized + TraitEngine<'tcx>> TraitEngineExt<'tcx> for T {
     fn register_predicate_obligations(
         &mut self,
         infcx: &InferCtxt<'_, 'tcx>,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs
index 9dbfa3a850b..1a5ffd93701 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ use rustc_errors::{struct_span_err, DiagnosticBuilder};
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
-use rustc_span::symbol::Symbol;
 use rustc_span::{MultiSpan, Span};
 use std::fmt;
 use std::iter;
@@ -15,8 +14,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
     pub fn report_extra_impl_obligation(
         &self,
         error_span: Span,
-        item_name: Symbol,
-        _impl_item_def_id: DefId,
+        impl_item_def_id: DefId,
         trait_item_def_id: DefId,
         requirement: &dyn fmt::Display,
     ) -> DiagnosticBuilder<'tcx> {
@@ -27,6 +25,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
 
         if let Some(trait_item_span) = self.tcx.hir().span_if_local(trait_item_def_id) {
             let span = self.tcx.sess.source_map().guess_head_span(trait_item_span);
+            let item_name = self.tcx.item_name(impl_item_def_id);
             err.span_label(span, format!("definition of `{}` from trait", item_name));
         }
 
@@ -36,7 +35,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
-pub fn report_object_safety_error(
+pub fn report_object_safety_error<'tcx>(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
     span: Span,
     trait_def_id: DefId,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/mod.rs
index e8622b3c819..e1f3b548e97 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/mod.rs
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ pub struct Obligation<'tcx, T> {
 pub type PredicateObligation<'tcx> = Obligation<'tcx, ty::Predicate<'tcx>>;
 pub type TraitObligation<'tcx> = Obligation<'tcx, ty::PolyTraitPredicate<'tcx>>;
 
-impl PredicateObligation<'tcx> {
+impl<'tcx> PredicateObligation<'tcx> {
     /// Flips the polarity of the inner predicate.
     ///
     /// Given `T: Trait` predicate it returns `T: !Trait` and given `T: !Trait` returns `T: Trait`.
@@ -69,9 +69,19 @@ impl PredicateObligation<'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
+impl TraitObligation<'_> {
+    /// Returns `true` if the trait predicate is considered `const` in its ParamEnv.
+    pub fn is_const(&self) -> bool {
+        match (self.predicate.skip_binder().constness, self.param_env.constness()) {
+            (ty::BoundConstness::ConstIfConst, hir::Constness::Const) => true,
+            _ => false,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 // `PredicateObligation` is used a lot. Make sure it doesn't unintentionally get bigger.
 #[cfg(all(target_arch = "x86_64", target_pointer_width = "64"))]
-static_assert_size!(PredicateObligation<'_>, 32);
+static_assert_size!(PredicateObligation<'_>, 48);
 
 pub type PredicateObligations<'tcx> = Vec<PredicateObligation<'tcx>>;
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/project.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/project.rs
index e2c13d20a9a..96af16c6687 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/project.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/project.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use rustc_data_structures::{
 };
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty};
 
-pub use rustc_middle::traits::Reveal;
+pub use rustc_middle::traits::{EvaluationResult, Reveal};
 
 pub(crate) type UndoLog<'tcx> =
     snapshot_map::UndoLog<ProjectionCacheKey<'tcx>, ProjectionCacheEntry<'tcx>>;
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ pub struct ProjectionCacheKey<'tcx> {
     ty: ty::ProjectionTy<'tcx>,
 }
 
-impl ProjectionCacheKey<'tcx> {
+impl<'tcx> ProjectionCacheKey<'tcx> {
     pub fn new(ty: ty::ProjectionTy<'tcx>) -> Self {
         Self { ty }
     }
@@ -92,7 +92,42 @@ pub enum ProjectionCacheEntry<'tcx> {
     Ambiguous,
     Recur,
     Error,
-    NormalizedTy(NormalizedTy<'tcx>),
+    NormalizedTy {
+        ty: NormalizedTy<'tcx>,
+        /// If we were able to successfully evaluate the
+        /// corresponding cache entry key during predicate
+        /// evaluation, then this field stores the final
+        /// result obtained from evaluating all of the projection
+        /// sub-obligations. During evaluation, we will skip
+        /// evaluating the cached sub-obligations in `ty`
+        /// if this field is set. Evaluation only
+        /// cares about the final result, so we don't
+        /// care about any region constraint side-effects
+        /// produced by evaluating the sub-boligations.
+        ///
+        /// Additionally, we will clear out the sub-obligations
+        /// entirely if we ever evaluate the cache entry (along
+        /// with all its sub obligations) to `EvaluatedToOk`.
+        /// This affects all users of the cache, not just evaluation.
+        /// Since a result of `EvaluatedToOk` means that there were
+        /// no region obligations that need to be tracked, it's
+        /// fine to forget about the sub-obligations - they
+        /// don't provide any additional information. However,
+        /// we do *not* discard any obligations when we see
+        /// `EvaluatedToOkModuloRegions` - we don't know
+        /// which sub-obligations may introduce region constraints,
+        /// so we keep them all to be safe.
+        ///
+        /// When we are not performing evaluation
+        /// (e.g. in `FulfillmentContext`), we ignore this field,
+        /// and always re-process the cached sub-obligations
+        /// (which may have been cleared out - see the above
+        /// paragraph).
+        /// This ensures that we do not lose any regions
+        /// constraints that arise from processing the
+        /// sub-obligations.
+        complete: Option<EvaluationResult>,
+    },
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> ProjectionCacheStorage<'tcx> {
@@ -149,10 +184,41 @@ impl<'tcx> ProjectionCache<'_, 'tcx> {
             debug!("Not overwriting Recur");
             return;
         }
-        let fresh_key = map.insert(key, ProjectionCacheEntry::NormalizedTy(value));
+        let fresh_key =
+            map.insert(key, ProjectionCacheEntry::NormalizedTy { ty: value, complete: None });
         assert!(!fresh_key, "never started projecting `{:?}`", key);
     }
 
+    /// Mark the relevant projection cache key as having its derived obligations
+    /// complete, so they won't have to be re-computed (this is OK to do in a
+    /// snapshot - if the snapshot is rolled back, the obligations will be
+    /// marked as incomplete again).
+    pub fn complete(&mut self, key: ProjectionCacheKey<'tcx>, result: EvaluationResult) {
+        let mut map = self.map();
+        match map.get(&key) {
+            Some(&ProjectionCacheEntry::NormalizedTy { ref ty, complete: _ }) => {
+                info!("ProjectionCacheEntry::complete({:?}) - completing {:?}", key, ty);
+                let mut ty = ty.clone();
+                if result == EvaluationResult::EvaluatedToOk {
+                    ty.obligations = vec![];
+                }
+                map.insert(key, ProjectionCacheEntry::NormalizedTy { ty, complete: Some(result) });
+            }
+            ref value => {
+                // Type inference could "strand behind" old cache entries. Leave
+                // them alone for now.
+                info!("ProjectionCacheEntry::complete({:?}) - ignoring {:?}", key, value);
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_complete(&mut self, key: ProjectionCacheKey<'tcx>) -> Option<EvaluationResult> {
+        self.map().get(&key).and_then(|res| match res {
+            ProjectionCacheEntry::NormalizedTy { ty: _, complete } => *complete,
+            _ => None,
+        })
+    }
+
     /// Indicates that trying to normalize `key` resulted in
     /// ambiguity. No point in trying it again then until we gain more
     /// type information (in which case, the "fully resolved" key will
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/structural_impls.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/structural_impls.rs
index c4a2ecee096..20453eeb147 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/structural_impls.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/structural_impls.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use crate::traits;
 use crate::traits::project::Normalized;
 use rustc_middle::ty;
-use rustc_middle::ty::fold::{TypeFoldable, TypeFolder, TypeVisitor};
+use rustc_middle::ty::fold::{FallibleTypeFolder, TypeFoldable, TypeVisitor};
 
 use std::fmt;
 use std::ops::ControlFlow;
@@ -60,16 +60,20 @@ impl<'tcx> fmt::Debug for traits::MismatchedProjectionTypes<'tcx> {
 // TypeFoldable implementations.
 
 impl<'tcx, O: TypeFoldable<'tcx>> TypeFoldable<'tcx> for traits::Obligation<'tcx, O> {
-    fn super_fold_with<F: TypeFolder<'tcx>>(self, folder: &mut F) -> Self {
-        traits::Obligation {
+    fn try_super_fold_with<F: FallibleTypeFolder<'tcx>>(
+        self,
+        folder: &mut F,
+    ) -> Result<Self, F::Error> {
+        Ok(traits::Obligation {
             cause: self.cause,
             recursion_depth: self.recursion_depth,
-            predicate: self.predicate.fold_with(folder),
-            param_env: self.param_env.fold_with(folder),
-        }
+            predicate: self.predicate.try_fold_with(folder)?,
+            param_env: self.param_env.try_fold_with(folder)?,
+        })
     }
 
     fn super_visit_with<V: TypeVisitor<'tcx>>(&self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy> {
-        self.predicate.visit_with(visitor)
+        self.predicate.visit_with(visitor)?;
+        self.param_env.visit_with(visitor)
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/util.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/util.rs
index c839f824d1c..674c75fdee5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/util.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/util.rs
@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@ use smallvec::smallvec;
 use crate::infer::outlives::components::{push_outlives_components, Component};
 use crate::traits::{Obligation, ObligationCause, PredicateObligation};
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashSet, FxIndexSet};
-use rustc_middle::ty::{self, ToPredicate, TyCtxt, WithConstness};
+use rustc_middle::ty::{self, ToPredicate, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_span::symbol::Ident;
+use rustc_span::Span;
 
 pub fn anonymize_predicate<'tcx>(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ pub struct PredicateSet<'tcx> {
     set: FxHashSet<ty::Predicate<'tcx>>,
 }
 
-impl PredicateSet<'tcx> {
+impl<'tcx> PredicateSet<'tcx> {
     pub fn new(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> Self {
         Self { tcx, set: Default::default() }
     }
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ impl PredicateSet<'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
-impl Extend<ty::Predicate<'tcx>> for PredicateSet<'tcx> {
+impl<'tcx> Extend<ty::Predicate<'tcx>> for PredicateSet<'tcx> {
     fn extend<I: IntoIterator<Item = ty::Predicate<'tcx>>>(&mut self, iter: I) {
         for pred in iter {
             self.insert(pred);
@@ -97,6 +98,22 @@ pub fn elaborate_predicates<'tcx>(
     elaborate_obligations(tcx, obligations)
 }
 
+pub fn elaborate_predicates_with_span<'tcx>(
+    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+    predicates: impl Iterator<Item = (ty::Predicate<'tcx>, Span)>,
+) -> Elaborator<'tcx> {
+    let obligations = predicates
+        .map(|(predicate, span)| {
+            predicate_obligation(
+                predicate,
+                ty::ParamEnv::empty(),
+                ObligationCause::dummy_with_span(span),
+            )
+        })
+        .collect();
+    elaborate_obligations(tcx, obligations)
+}
+
 pub fn elaborate_obligations<'tcx>(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
     mut obligations: Vec<PredicateObligation<'tcx>>,
@@ -114,7 +131,7 @@ fn predicate_obligation<'tcx>(
     Obligation { cause, param_env, recursion_depth: 0, predicate }
 }
 
-impl Elaborator<'tcx> {
+impl<'tcx> Elaborator<'tcx> {
     pub fn filter_to_traits(self) -> FilterToTraits<Self> {
         FilterToTraits::new(self)
     }
@@ -135,7 +152,7 @@ impl Elaborator<'tcx> {
                         obligation.cause.clone(),
                     )
                 });
-                debug!("super_predicates: data={:?}", data);
+                debug!(?data, ?obligations, "super_predicates");
 
                 // Only keep those bounds that we haven't already seen.
                 // This is necessary to prevent infinite recursion in some
@@ -224,10 +241,19 @@ impl Elaborator<'tcx> {
 
                             Component::UnresolvedInferenceVariable(_) => None,
 
-                            Component::Projection(_) | Component::EscapingProjection(_) => {
-                                // We can probably do more here. This
-                                // corresponds to a case like `<T as
-                                // Foo<'a>>::U: 'b`.
+                            Component::Projection(projection) => {
+                                // We might end up here if we have `Foo<<Bar as Baz>::Assoc>: 'a`.
+                                // With this, we can deduce that `<Bar as Baz>::Assoc: 'a`.
+                                let ty =
+                                    tcx.mk_projection(projection.item_def_id, projection.substs);
+                                Some(ty::PredicateKind::TypeOutlives(ty::OutlivesPredicate(
+                                    ty, r_min,
+                                )))
+                            }
+
+                            Component::EscapingProjection(_) => {
+                                // We might be able to do more here, but we don't
+                                // want to deal with escaping vars right now.
                                 None
                             }
                         })
@@ -250,7 +276,7 @@ impl Elaborator<'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
-impl Iterator for Elaborator<'tcx> {
+impl<'tcx> Iterator for Elaborator<'tcx> {
     type Item = PredicateObligation<'tcx>;
 
     fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
@@ -311,8 +337,8 @@ pub fn transitive_bounds_that_define_assoc_type<'tcx>(
                 ));
                 for (super_predicate, _) in super_predicates.predicates {
                     let subst_predicate = super_predicate.subst_supertrait(tcx, &trait_ref);
-                    if let Some(binder) = subst_predicate.to_opt_poly_trait_ref() {
-                        stack.push(binder.value);
+                    if let Some(binder) = subst_predicate.to_opt_poly_trait_pred() {
+                        stack.push(binder.map_bound(|t| t.trait_ref));
                     }
                 }
 
@@ -345,8 +371,8 @@ impl<'tcx, I: Iterator<Item = PredicateObligation<'tcx>>> Iterator for FilterToT
 
     fn next(&mut self) -> Option<ty::PolyTraitRef<'tcx>> {
         while let Some(obligation) = self.base_iterator.next() {
-            if let Some(data) = obligation.predicate.to_opt_poly_trait_ref() {
-                return Some(data.value);
+            if let Some(data) = obligation.predicate.to_opt_poly_trait_pred() {
+                return Some(data.map_bound(|t| t.trait_ref));
             }
         }
         None