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-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/allocation.rs84
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/allocation/provenance_map.rs142
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/error.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/pointer.rs12
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/pretty.rs4
5 files changed, 129 insertions, 116 deletions
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/allocation.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/allocation.rs
index 27ead514531..2ea92a39d48 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/allocation.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/allocation.rs
@@ -306,8 +306,6 @@ pub enum AllocError {
     ScalarSizeMismatch(ScalarSizeMismatch),
     /// Encountered a pointer where we needed raw bytes.
     ReadPointerAsInt(Option<BadBytesAccess>),
-    /// Partially overwriting a pointer.
-    OverwritePartialPointer(Size),
     /// Partially copying a pointer.
     ReadPartialPointer(Size),
     /// Using uninitialized data where it is not allowed.
@@ -331,9 +329,6 @@ impl AllocError {
             ReadPointerAsInt(info) => InterpErrorKind::Unsupported(
                 UnsupportedOpInfo::ReadPointerAsInt(info.map(|b| (alloc_id, b))),
             ),
-            OverwritePartialPointer(offset) => InterpErrorKind::Unsupported(
-                UnsupportedOpInfo::OverwritePartialPointer(Pointer::new(alloc_id, offset)),
-            ),
             ReadPartialPointer(offset) => InterpErrorKind::Unsupported(
                 UnsupportedOpInfo::ReadPartialPointer(Pointer::new(alloc_id, offset)),
             ),
@@ -633,11 +628,11 @@ impl<Prov: Provenance, Extra, Bytes: AllocBytes> Allocation<Prov, Extra, Bytes>
         &mut self,
         cx: &impl HasDataLayout,
         range: AllocRange,
-    ) -> AllocResult<&mut [u8]> {
+    ) -> &mut [u8] {
         self.mark_init(range, true);
-        self.provenance.clear(range, cx)?;
+        self.provenance.clear(range, cx);
 
-        Ok(&mut self.bytes[range.start.bytes_usize()..range.end().bytes_usize()])
+        &mut self.bytes[range.start.bytes_usize()..range.end().bytes_usize()]
     }
 
     /// A raw pointer variant of `get_bytes_unchecked_for_overwrite` that avoids invalidating existing immutable aliases
@@ -646,15 +641,15 @@ impl<Prov: Provenance, Extra, Bytes: AllocBytes> Allocation<Prov, Extra, Bytes>
         &mut self,
         cx: &impl HasDataLayout,
         range: AllocRange,
-    ) -> AllocResult<*mut [u8]> {
+    ) -> *mut [u8] {
         self.mark_init(range, true);
-        self.provenance.clear(range, cx)?;
+        self.provenance.clear(range, cx);
 
         assert!(range.end().bytes_usize() <= self.bytes.len()); // need to do our own bounds-check
         // Crucially, we go via `AllocBytes::as_mut_ptr`, not `AllocBytes::deref_mut`.
         let begin_ptr = self.bytes.as_mut_ptr().wrapping_add(range.start.bytes_usize());
         let len = range.end().bytes_usize() - range.start.bytes_usize();
-        Ok(ptr::slice_from_raw_parts_mut(begin_ptr, len))
+        ptr::slice_from_raw_parts_mut(begin_ptr, len)
     }
 
     /// This gives direct mutable access to the entire buffer, just exposing their internal state
@@ -723,26 +718,45 @@ impl<Prov: Provenance, Extra, Bytes: AllocBytes> Allocation<Prov, Extra, Bytes>
                 let ptr = Pointer::new(prov, Size::from_bytes(bits));
                 return Ok(Scalar::from_pointer(ptr, cx));
             }
-
-            // If we can work on pointers byte-wise, join the byte-wise provenances.
-            if Prov::OFFSET_IS_ADDR {
-                let mut prov = self.provenance.get(range.start, cx);
+            // The other easy case is total absence of provenance.
+            if self.provenance.range_empty(range, cx) {
+                return Ok(Scalar::from_uint(bits, range.size));
+            }
+            // If we get here, we have to check per-byte provenance, and join them together.
+            let prov = 'prov: {
+                // Initialize with first fragment. Must have index 0.
+                let Some((mut joint_prov, 0)) = self.provenance.get_byte(range.start, cx) else {
+                    break 'prov None;
+                };
+                // Update with the remaining fragments.
                 for offset in Size::from_bytes(1)..range.size {
-                    let this_prov = self.provenance.get(range.start + offset, cx);
-                    prov = Prov::join(prov, this_prov);
+                    // Ensure there is provenance here and it has the right index.
+                    let Some((frag_prov, frag_idx)) =
+                        self.provenance.get_byte(range.start + offset, cx)
+                    else {
+                        break 'prov None;
+                    };
+                    // Wildcard provenance is allowed to come with any index (this is needed
+                    // for Miri's native-lib mode to work).
+                    if u64::from(frag_idx) != offset.bytes() && Some(frag_prov) != Prov::WILDCARD {
+                        break 'prov None;
+                    }
+                    // Merge this byte's provenance with the previous ones.
+                    joint_prov = match Prov::join(joint_prov, frag_prov) {
+                        Some(prov) => prov,
+                        None => break 'prov None,
+                    };
                 }
-                // Now use this provenance.
-                let ptr = Pointer::new(prov, Size::from_bytes(bits));
-                return Ok(Scalar::from_maybe_pointer(ptr, cx));
-            } else {
-                // Without OFFSET_IS_ADDR, the only remaining case we can handle is total absence of
-                // provenance.
-                if self.provenance.range_empty(range, cx) {
-                    return Ok(Scalar::from_uint(bits, range.size));
-                }
-                // Else we have mixed provenance, that doesn't work.
+                break 'prov Some(joint_prov);
+            };
+            if prov.is_none() && !Prov::OFFSET_IS_ADDR {
+                // There are some bytes with provenance here but overall the provenance does not add up.
+                // We need `OFFSET_IS_ADDR` to fall back to no-provenance here; without that option, we must error.
                 return Err(AllocError::ReadPartialPointer(range.start));
             }
+            // We can use this provenance.
+            let ptr = Pointer::new(prov, Size::from_bytes(bits));
+            return Ok(Scalar::from_maybe_pointer(ptr, cx));
         } else {
             // We are *not* reading a pointer.
             // If we can just ignore provenance or there is none, that's easy.
@@ -782,7 +796,7 @@ impl<Prov: Provenance, Extra, Bytes: AllocBytes> Allocation<Prov, Extra, Bytes>
 
         let endian = cx.data_layout().endian;
         // Yes we do overwrite all the bytes in `dst`.
-        let dst = self.get_bytes_unchecked_for_overwrite(cx, range)?;
+        let dst = self.get_bytes_unchecked_for_overwrite(cx, range);
         write_target_uint(endian, dst, bytes).unwrap();
 
         // See if we have to also store some provenance.
@@ -795,10 +809,9 @@ impl<Prov: Provenance, Extra, Bytes: AllocBytes> Allocation<Prov, Extra, Bytes>
     }
 
     /// Write "uninit" to the given memory range.
-    pub fn write_uninit(&mut self, cx: &impl HasDataLayout, range: AllocRange) -> AllocResult {
+    pub fn write_uninit(&mut self, cx: &impl HasDataLayout, range: AllocRange) {
         self.mark_init(range, false);
-        self.provenance.clear(range, cx)?;
-        Ok(())
+        self.provenance.clear(range, cx);
     }
 
     /// Mark all bytes in the given range as initialised and reset the provenance
@@ -817,9 +830,12 @@ impl<Prov: Provenance, Extra, Bytes: AllocBytes> Allocation<Prov, Extra, Bytes>
     }
 
     /// Remove all provenance in the given memory range.
-    pub fn clear_provenance(&mut self, cx: &impl HasDataLayout, range: AllocRange) -> AllocResult {
-        self.provenance.clear(range, cx)?;
-        return Ok(());
+    pub fn clear_provenance(&mut self, cx: &impl HasDataLayout, range: AllocRange) {
+        self.provenance.clear(range, cx);
+    }
+
+    pub fn provenance_merge_bytes(&mut self, cx: &impl HasDataLayout) -> bool {
+        self.provenance.merge_bytes(cx)
     }
 
     /// Applies a previously prepared provenance copy.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/allocation/provenance_map.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/allocation/provenance_map.rs
index 119d4be64e6..ea8596ea286 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/allocation/provenance_map.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/allocation/provenance_map.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use rustc_macros::HashStable;
 use rustc_serialize::{Decodable, Decoder, Encodable, Encoder};
 use tracing::trace;
 
-use super::{AllocError, AllocRange, AllocResult, CtfeProvenance, Provenance, alloc_range};
+use super::{AllocRange, CtfeProvenance, Provenance, alloc_range};
 
 /// Stores the provenance information of pointers stored in memory.
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Debug)]
@@ -19,25 +19,25 @@ pub struct ProvenanceMap<Prov = CtfeProvenance> {
     /// `Provenance` in this map applies from the given offset for an entire pointer-size worth of
     /// bytes. Two entries in this map are always at least a pointer size apart.
     ptrs: SortedMap<Size, Prov>,
-    /// Provenance in this map only applies to the given single byte.
-    /// This map is disjoint from the previous. It will always be empty when
-    /// `Prov::OFFSET_IS_ADDR` is false.
-    bytes: Option<Box<SortedMap<Size, Prov>>>,
+    /// This stores byte-sized provenance fragments.
+    /// The `u8` indicates the position of this byte inside its original pointer.
+    /// If the bytes are re-assembled in their original order, the pointer can be used again.
+    /// Wildcard provenance is allowed to have index 0 everywhere.
+    bytes: Option<Box<SortedMap<Size, (Prov, u8)>>>,
 }
 
 // These impls are generic over `Prov` since `CtfeProvenance` is only decodable/encodable
 // for some particular `D`/`S`.
 impl<D: Decoder, Prov: Provenance + Decodable<D>> Decodable<D> for ProvenanceMap<Prov> {
     fn decode(d: &mut D) -> Self {
-        assert!(!Prov::OFFSET_IS_ADDR); // only `CtfeProvenance` is ever serialized
+        // `bytes` is not in the serialized format
         Self { ptrs: Decodable::decode(d), bytes: None }
     }
 }
 impl<S: Encoder, Prov: Provenance + Encodable<S>> Encodable<S> for ProvenanceMap<Prov> {
     fn encode(&self, s: &mut S) {
         let Self { ptrs, bytes } = self;
-        assert!(!Prov::OFFSET_IS_ADDR); // only `CtfeProvenance` is ever serialized
-        debug_assert!(bytes.is_none()); // without `OFFSET_IS_ADDR`, this is always empty
+        assert!(bytes.is_none()); // interning refuses allocations with pointer fragments
         ptrs.encode(s)
     }
 }
@@ -58,10 +58,10 @@ impl ProvenanceMap {
     /// Give access to the ptr-sized provenances (which can also be thought of as relocations, and
     /// indeed that is how codegen treats them).
     ///
-    /// Only exposed with `CtfeProvenance` provenance, since it panics if there is bytewise provenance.
+    /// Only use on interned allocations, as other allocations may have per-byte provenance!
     #[inline]
     pub fn ptrs(&self) -> &SortedMap<Size, CtfeProvenance> {
-        debug_assert!(self.bytes.is_none()); // `CtfeProvenance::OFFSET_IS_ADDR` is false so this cannot fail
+        assert!(self.bytes.is_none(), "`ptrs()` called on non-interned allocation");
         &self.ptrs
     }
 }
@@ -88,12 +88,12 @@ impl<Prov: Provenance> ProvenanceMap<Prov> {
     }
 
     /// `pm.range_ptrs_is_empty(r, cx)` == `pm.range_ptrs_get(r, cx).is_empty()`, but is faster.
-    pub(super) fn range_ptrs_is_empty(&self, range: AllocRange, cx: &impl HasDataLayout) -> bool {
+    fn range_ptrs_is_empty(&self, range: AllocRange, cx: &impl HasDataLayout) -> bool {
         self.ptrs.range_is_empty(Self::adjusted_range_ptrs(range, cx))
     }
 
     /// Returns all byte-wise provenance in the given range.
-    fn range_bytes_get(&self, range: AllocRange) -> &[(Size, Prov)] {
+    fn range_bytes_get(&self, range: AllocRange) -> &[(Size, (Prov, u8))] {
         if let Some(bytes) = self.bytes.as_ref() {
             bytes.range(range.start..range.end())
         } else {
@@ -107,19 +107,47 @@ impl<Prov: Provenance> ProvenanceMap<Prov> {
     }
 
     /// Get the provenance of a single byte.
-    pub fn get(&self, offset: Size, cx: &impl HasDataLayout) -> Option<Prov> {
+    pub fn get_byte(&self, offset: Size, cx: &impl HasDataLayout) -> Option<(Prov, u8)> {
         let prov = self.range_ptrs_get(alloc_range(offset, Size::from_bytes(1)), cx);
         debug_assert!(prov.len() <= 1);
         if let Some(entry) = prov.first() {
             // If it overlaps with this byte, it is on this byte.
             debug_assert!(self.bytes.as_ref().is_none_or(|b| !b.contains_key(&offset)));
-            Some(entry.1)
+            Some((entry.1, (offset - entry.0).bytes() as u8))
         } else {
             // Look up per-byte provenance.
             self.bytes.as_ref().and_then(|b| b.get(&offset).copied())
         }
     }
 
+    /// Attempt to merge per-byte provenance back into ptr chunks, if the right fragments
+    /// sit next to each other. Return `false` is that is not possible due to partial pointers.
+    pub fn merge_bytes(&mut self, cx: &impl HasDataLayout) -> bool {
+        let Some(bytes) = self.bytes.as_deref_mut() else {
+            return true;
+        };
+        let ptr_size = cx.data_layout().pointer_size();
+        while let Some((offset, (prov, _))) = bytes.iter().next().copied() {
+            // Check if this fragment starts a pointer.
+            let range = offset..offset + ptr_size;
+            let frags = bytes.range(range.clone());
+            if frags.len() != ptr_size.bytes_usize() {
+                return false;
+            }
+            for (idx, (_offset, (frag_prov, frag_idx))) in frags.iter().copied().enumerate() {
+                if frag_prov != prov || frag_idx != idx as u8 {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            // Looks like a pointer! Move it over to the ptr provenance map.
+            bytes.remove_range(range);
+            self.ptrs.insert(offset, prov);
+        }
+        // We managed to convert everything into whole pointers.
+        self.bytes = None;
+        true
+    }
+
     /// Check if there is ptr-sized provenance at the given index.
     /// Does not mean anything for bytewise provenance! But can be useful as an optimization.
     pub fn get_ptr(&self, offset: Size) -> Option<Prov> {
@@ -137,7 +165,7 @@ impl<Prov: Provenance> ProvenanceMap<Prov> {
 
     /// Yields all the provenances stored in this map.
     pub fn provenances(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = Prov> {
-        let bytes = self.bytes.iter().flat_map(|b| b.values());
+        let bytes = self.bytes.iter().flat_map(|b| b.values().map(|(p, _i)| p));
         self.ptrs.values().chain(bytes).copied()
     }
 
@@ -148,16 +176,12 @@ impl<Prov: Provenance> ProvenanceMap<Prov> {
 
     /// Removes all provenance inside the given range.
     /// If there is provenance overlapping with the edges, might result in an error.
-    pub fn clear(&mut self, range: AllocRange, cx: &impl HasDataLayout) -> AllocResult {
+    pub fn clear(&mut self, range: AllocRange, cx: &impl HasDataLayout) {
         let start = range.start;
         let end = range.end();
         // Clear the bytewise part -- this is easy.
-        if Prov::OFFSET_IS_ADDR {
-            if let Some(bytes) = self.bytes.as_mut() {
-                bytes.remove_range(start..end);
-            }
-        } else {
-            debug_assert!(self.bytes.is_none());
+        if let Some(bytes) = self.bytes.as_mut() {
+            bytes.remove_range(start..end);
         }
 
         let pointer_size = cx.data_layout().pointer_size();
@@ -168,7 +192,7 @@ impl<Prov: Provenance> ProvenanceMap<Prov> {
             // Find all provenance overlapping the given range.
             if self.range_ptrs_is_empty(range, cx) {
                 // No provenance in this range, we are done. This is the common case.
-                return Ok(());
+                return;
             }
 
             // This redoes some of the work of `range_get_ptrs_is_empty`, but this path is much
@@ -179,28 +203,20 @@ impl<Prov: Provenance> ProvenanceMap<Prov> {
 
         // We need to handle clearing the provenance from parts of a pointer.
         if first < start {
-            if !Prov::OFFSET_IS_ADDR {
-                // We can't split up the provenance into less than a pointer.
-                return Err(AllocError::OverwritePartialPointer(first));
-            }
             // Insert the remaining part in the bytewise provenance.
             let prov = self.ptrs[&first];
             let bytes = self.bytes.get_or_insert_with(Box::default);
             for offset in first..start {
-                bytes.insert(offset, prov);
+                bytes.insert(offset, (prov, (offset - first).bytes() as u8));
             }
         }
         if last > end {
             let begin_of_last = last - pointer_size;
-            if !Prov::OFFSET_IS_ADDR {
-                // We can't split up the provenance into less than a pointer.
-                return Err(AllocError::OverwritePartialPointer(begin_of_last));
-            }
             // Insert the remaining part in the bytewise provenance.
             let prov = self.ptrs[&begin_of_last];
             let bytes = self.bytes.get_or_insert_with(Box::default);
             for offset in end..last {
-                bytes.insert(offset, prov);
+                bytes.insert(offset, (prov, (offset - begin_of_last).bytes() as u8));
             }
         }
 
@@ -208,8 +224,6 @@ impl<Prov: Provenance> ProvenanceMap<Prov> {
         // Since provenance do not overlap, we know that removing until `last` (exclusive) is fine,
         // i.e., this will not remove any other provenance just after the ones we care about.
         self.ptrs.remove_range(first..last);
-
-        Ok(())
     }
 
     /// Overwrites all provenance in the given range with wildcard provenance.
@@ -218,10 +232,6 @@ impl<Prov: Provenance> ProvenanceMap<Prov> {
     ///
     /// Provided for usage in Miri and panics otherwise.
     pub fn write_wildcards(&mut self, cx: &impl HasDataLayout, range: AllocRange) {
-        assert!(
-            Prov::OFFSET_IS_ADDR,
-            "writing wildcard provenance is not supported when `OFFSET_IS_ADDR` is false"
-        );
         let wildcard = Prov::WILDCARD.unwrap();
 
         let bytes = self.bytes.get_or_insert_with(Box::default);
@@ -229,21 +239,22 @@ impl<Prov: Provenance> ProvenanceMap<Prov> {
         // Remove pointer provenances that overlap with the range, then readd the edge ones bytewise.
         let ptr_range = Self::adjusted_range_ptrs(range, cx);
         let ptrs = self.ptrs.range(ptr_range.clone());
-        if let Some((offset, prov)) = ptrs.first() {
-            for byte_ofs in *offset..range.start {
-                bytes.insert(byte_ofs, *prov);
+        if let Some((offset, prov)) = ptrs.first().copied() {
+            for byte_ofs in offset..range.start {
+                bytes.insert(byte_ofs, (prov, (byte_ofs - offset).bytes() as u8));
             }
         }
-        if let Some((offset, prov)) = ptrs.last() {
-            for byte_ofs in range.end()..*offset + cx.data_layout().pointer_size() {
-                bytes.insert(byte_ofs, *prov);
+        if let Some((offset, prov)) = ptrs.last().copied() {
+            for byte_ofs in range.end()..offset + cx.data_layout().pointer_size() {
+                bytes.insert(byte_ofs, (prov, (byte_ofs - offset).bytes() as u8));
             }
         }
         self.ptrs.remove_range(ptr_range);
 
         // Overwrite bytewise provenance.
         for offset in range.start..range.end() {
-            bytes.insert(offset, wildcard);
+            // The fragment index does not matter for wildcard provenance.
+            bytes.insert(offset, (wildcard, 0));
         }
     }
 }
@@ -253,7 +264,7 @@ impl<Prov: Provenance> ProvenanceMap<Prov> {
 /// Offsets are already adjusted to the destination allocation.
 pub struct ProvenanceCopy<Prov> {
     dest_ptrs: Option<Box<[(Size, Prov)]>>,
-    dest_bytes: Option<Box<[(Size, Prov)]>>,
+    dest_bytes: Option<Box<[(Size, (Prov, u8))]>>,
 }
 
 impl<Prov: Provenance> ProvenanceMap<Prov> {
@@ -263,7 +274,7 @@ impl<Prov: Provenance> ProvenanceMap<Prov> {
         dest: Size,
         count: u64,
         cx: &impl HasDataLayout,
-    ) -> AllocResult<ProvenanceCopy<Prov>> {
+    ) -> ProvenanceCopy<Prov> {
         let shift_offset = move |idx, offset| {
             // compute offset for current repetition
             let dest_offset = dest + src.size * idx; // `Size` operations
@@ -301,24 +312,16 @@ impl<Prov: Provenance> ProvenanceMap<Prov> {
         let mut dest_bytes_box = None;
         let begin_overlap = self.range_ptrs_get(alloc_range(src.start, Size::ZERO), cx).first();
         let end_overlap = self.range_ptrs_get(alloc_range(src.end(), Size::ZERO), cx).first();
-        if !Prov::OFFSET_IS_ADDR {
-            // There can't be any bytewise provenance, and we cannot split up the begin/end overlap.
-            if let Some(entry) = begin_overlap {
-                return Err(AllocError::ReadPartialPointer(entry.0));
-            }
-            if let Some(entry) = end_overlap {
-                return Err(AllocError::ReadPartialPointer(entry.0));
-            }
-            debug_assert!(self.bytes.is_none());
-        } else {
-            let mut bytes = Vec::new();
+        // We only need to go here if there is some overlap or some bytewise provenance.
+        if begin_overlap.is_some() || end_overlap.is_some() || self.bytes.is_some() {
+            let mut bytes: Vec<(Size, (Prov, u8))> = Vec::new();
             // First, if there is a part of a pointer at the start, add that.
             if let Some(entry) = begin_overlap {
                 trace!("start overlapping entry: {entry:?}");
                 // For really small copies, make sure we don't run off the end of the `src` range.
                 let entry_end = cmp::min(entry.0 + ptr_size, src.end());
                 for offset in src.start..entry_end {
-                    bytes.push((offset, entry.1));
+                    bytes.push((offset, (entry.1, (offset - entry.0).bytes() as u8)));
                 }
             } else {
                 trace!("no start overlapping entry");
@@ -334,8 +337,9 @@ impl<Prov: Provenance> ProvenanceMap<Prov> {
                 let entry_start = cmp::max(entry.0, src.start);
                 for offset in entry_start..src.end() {
                     if bytes.last().is_none_or(|bytes_entry| bytes_entry.0 < offset) {
-                        // The last entry, if it exists, has a lower offset than us.
-                        bytes.push((offset, entry.1));
+                        // The last entry, if it exists, has a lower offset than us, so we
+                        // can add it at the end and remain sorted.
+                        bytes.push((offset, (entry.1, (offset - entry.0).bytes() as u8)));
                     } else {
                         // There already is an entry for this offset in there! This can happen when the
                         // start and end range checks actually end up hitting the same pointer, so we
@@ -358,7 +362,7 @@ impl<Prov: Provenance> ProvenanceMap<Prov> {
             dest_bytes_box = Some(dest_bytes.into_boxed_slice());
         }
 
-        Ok(ProvenanceCopy { dest_ptrs: dest_ptrs_box, dest_bytes: dest_bytes_box })
+        ProvenanceCopy { dest_ptrs: dest_ptrs_box, dest_bytes: dest_bytes_box }
     }
 
     /// Applies a provenance copy.
@@ -368,14 +372,10 @@ impl<Prov: Provenance> ProvenanceMap<Prov> {
         if let Some(dest_ptrs) = copy.dest_ptrs {
             self.ptrs.insert_presorted(dest_ptrs.into());
         }
-        if Prov::OFFSET_IS_ADDR {
-            if let Some(dest_bytes) = copy.dest_bytes
-                && !dest_bytes.is_empty()
-            {
-                self.bytes.get_or_insert_with(Box::default).insert_presorted(dest_bytes.into());
-            }
-        } else {
-            debug_assert!(copy.dest_bytes.is_none());
+        if let Some(dest_bytes) = copy.dest_bytes
+            && !dest_bytes.is_empty()
+        {
+            self.bytes.get_or_insert_with(Box::default).insert_presorted(dest_bytes.into());
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/error.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/error.rs
index 2b0cfb86564..d8168697b4a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/error.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/error.rs
@@ -577,9 +577,6 @@ pub enum UnsupportedOpInfo {
     //
     // The variants below are only reachable from CTFE/const prop, miri will never emit them.
     //
-    /// Overwriting parts of a pointer; without knowing absolute addresses, the resulting state
-    /// cannot be represented by the CTFE interpreter.
-    OverwritePartialPointer(Pointer<AllocId>),
     /// Attempting to read or copy parts of a pointer to somewhere else; without knowing absolute
     /// addresses, the resulting state cannot be represented by the CTFE interpreter.
     ReadPartialPointer(Pointer<AllocId>),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/pointer.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/pointer.rs
index e25ff7651f6..c581b2ebf09 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/pointer.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/pointer.rs
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ impl<T: HasDataLayout> PointerArithmetic for T {}
 /// mostly opaque; the `Machine` trait extends it with some more operations that also have access to
 /// some global state.
 /// The `Debug` rendering is used to display bare provenance, and for the default impl of `fmt`.
-pub trait Provenance: Copy + fmt::Debug + 'static {
+pub trait Provenance: Copy + PartialEq + fmt::Debug + 'static {
     /// Says whether the `offset` field of `Pointer`s with this provenance is the actual physical address.
     /// - If `false`, the offset *must* be relative. This means the bytes representing a pointer are
     ///   different from what the Abstract Machine prescribes, so the interpreter must prevent any
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ pub trait Provenance: Copy + fmt::Debug + 'static {
     fn get_alloc_id(self) -> Option<AllocId>;
 
     /// Defines the 'join' of provenance: what happens when doing a pointer load and different bytes have different provenance.
-    fn join(left: Option<Self>, right: Option<Self>) -> Option<Self>;
+    fn join(left: Self, right: Self) -> Option<Self>;
 }
 
 /// The type of provenance in the compile-time interpreter.
@@ -192,8 +192,8 @@ impl Provenance for CtfeProvenance {
         Some(self.alloc_id())
     }
 
-    fn join(_left: Option<Self>, _right: Option<Self>) -> Option<Self> {
-        panic!("merging provenance is not supported when `OFFSET_IS_ADDR` is false")
+    fn join(left: Self, right: Self) -> Option<Self> {
+        if left == right { Some(left) } else { None }
     }
 }
 
@@ -224,8 +224,8 @@ impl Provenance for AllocId {
         Some(self)
     }
 
-    fn join(_left: Option<Self>, _right: Option<Self>) -> Option<Self> {
-        panic!("merging provenance is not supported when `OFFSET_IS_ADDR` is false")
+    fn join(_left: Self, _right: Self) -> Option<Self> {
+        unreachable!()
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/pretty.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/pretty.rs
index 809cdb329f7..c0dd9a58f85 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/pretty.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/pretty.rs
@@ -1826,7 +1826,7 @@ pub fn write_allocation_bytes<'tcx, Prov: Provenance, Extra, Bytes: AllocBytes>(
                 ascii.push('╼');
                 i += ptr_size;
             }
-        } else if let Some(prov) = alloc.provenance().get(i, &tcx) {
+        } else if let Some((prov, idx)) = alloc.provenance().get_byte(i, &tcx) {
             // Memory with provenance must be defined
             assert!(
                 alloc.init_mask().is_range_initialized(alloc_range(i, Size::from_bytes(1))).is_ok()
@@ -1836,7 +1836,7 @@ pub fn write_allocation_bytes<'tcx, Prov: Provenance, Extra, Bytes: AllocBytes>(
             // Format is similar to "oversized" above.
             let j = i.bytes_usize();
             let c = alloc.inspect_with_uninit_and_ptr_outside_interpreter(j..j + 1)[0];
-            write!(w, "╾{c:02x}{prov:#?} (1 ptr byte)╼")?;
+            write!(w, "╾{c:02x}{prov:#?} (ptr fragment {idx})╼")?;
             i += Size::from_bytes(1);
         } else if alloc
             .init_mask()