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-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast/src/ast.rs49
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast/src/lib.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast/src/mut_visit.rs19
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast/src/token.rs21
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast/src/tokenstream.rs11
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast/src/visit.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/expr.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/item.rs30
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/lib.rs59
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/ast_validation.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/feature_gate.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/lib.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/debug.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/mod.rs21
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/global_allocator.rs22
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/test.rs40
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/example/mini_core.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/coverageinfo/mapgen.rs221
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/coverageinfo/mod.rs54
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm/ffi.rs14
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm/mod.rs12
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/coverageinfo/ffi.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/block.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/lib.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_driver/src/lib.rs39
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes/E0198.md2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes/E0321.md2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes/E0567.md4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes/E0568.md4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_expand/src/base.rs11
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_expand/src/build.rs26
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_expand/src/expand.rs25
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_expand/src/placeholders.rs11
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_expand/src/proc_macro.rs21
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_feature/src/active.rs7
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_feature/src/removed.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir/src/arena.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir.rs52
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir/src/intravisit.rs38
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir/src/itemlikevisit.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir/src/stable_hash_impls.rs19
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir/src/target.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_pretty/src/lib.rs19
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/dirty_clean.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/load.rs15
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/need_type_info.rs32
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_interface/src/interface.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_interface/src/passes.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_interface/src/proc_macro_decls.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_interface/src/tests.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_interface/src/util.rs11
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_lint/src/builtin.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_lint/src/context.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_lint/src/redundant_semicolon.rs21
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_lint/src/types.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_llvm/llvm-wrapper/CoverageMappingWrapper.cpp52
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_llvm/llvm-wrapper/RustWrapper.cpp2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_macros/src/query.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_metadata/src/foreign_modules.rs7
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_metadata/src/link_args.rs7
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_metadata/src/native_libs.rs7
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/decoder.rs87
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/encoder.rs57
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/mod.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/dep_graph/mod.rs14
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/hir/map/collector.rs19
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/hir/map/mod.rs24
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/coverage.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/mod.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/visit.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs12
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/traits/mod.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/instance.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/query/plumbing.rs9
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir/src/interpret/util.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir/src/monomorphize/collector.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/coverage/debug.rs24
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/expr/as_rvalue.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/check_match.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/deconstruct_pat.rs (renamed from compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/_match.rs)2289
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/mod.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/usefulness.rs992
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_parse/src/lib.rs61
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/attr.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/mod.rs22
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/nonterminal.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/path.rs109
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/stmt.rs124
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_passes/src/check_attr.rs23
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_passes/src/dead.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_passes/src/diagnostic_items.rs16
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_passes/src/entry.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_passes/src/hir_id_validator.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_passes/src/lang_items.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_passes/src/layout_test.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_passes/src/lib.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_passes/src/naked_functions.rs113
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_passes/src/reachable.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_passes/src/stability.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_plugin_impl/src/build.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_privacy/src/lib.rs26
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_resolve/src/diagnostics.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_resolve/src/imports.rs48
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/diagnostics.rs9
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/lifetimes.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_save_analysis/src/sig.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_session/src/options.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_span/src/lev_distance.rs (renamed from compiler/rustc_ast/src/util/lev_distance.rs)23
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_span/src/lev_distance/tests.rs (renamed from compiler/rustc_ast/src/util/lev_distance/tests.rs)17
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_span/src/lib.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/test.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_apple_ios_macabi.rs31
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/apple_sdk_base.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mod.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/ty.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/astconv/errors.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/astconv/mod.rs16
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/check.rs23
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/expr.rs28
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/method/probe.rs9
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/method/suggest.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/mod.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/pat.rs7
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/wfcheck.rs9
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/writeback.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check_unused.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/coherence/inherent_impls.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/coherence/inherent_impls_overlap.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/coherence/orphan.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/coherence/unsafety.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/collect.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/collect/type_of.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/impl_wf_check.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/outlives/implicit_infer.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/outlives/test.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/variance/constraints.rs14
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/variance/terms.rs14
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/variance/test.rs1
141 files changed, 3166 insertions, 2329 deletions
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/ast.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/ast.rs
index 328086af183..9d6ee65049a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/ast.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/ast.rs
@@ -901,10 +901,39 @@ pub struct Stmt {
     pub id: NodeId,
     pub kind: StmtKind,
     pub span: Span,
-    pub tokens: Option<LazyTokenStream>,
 }
 
 impl Stmt {
+    pub fn tokens(&self) -> Option<&LazyTokenStream> {
+        match self.kind {
+            StmtKind::Local(ref local) => local.tokens.as_ref(),
+            StmtKind::Item(ref item) => item.tokens.as_ref(),
+            StmtKind::Expr(ref expr) | StmtKind::Semi(ref expr) => expr.tokens.as_ref(),
+            StmtKind::Empty => None,
+            StmtKind::MacCall(ref mac) => mac.tokens.as_ref(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn tokens_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut LazyTokenStream> {
+        match self.kind {
+            StmtKind::Local(ref mut local) => local.tokens.as_mut(),
+            StmtKind::Item(ref mut item) => item.tokens.as_mut(),
+            StmtKind::Expr(ref mut expr) | StmtKind::Semi(ref mut expr) => expr.tokens.as_mut(),
+            StmtKind::Empty => None,
+            StmtKind::MacCall(ref mut mac) => mac.tokens.as_mut(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_tokens(&mut self, tokens: Option<LazyTokenStream>) {
+        match self.kind {
+            StmtKind::Local(ref mut local) => local.tokens = tokens,
+            StmtKind::Item(ref mut item) => item.tokens = tokens,
+            StmtKind::Expr(ref mut expr) | StmtKind::Semi(ref mut expr) => expr.tokens = tokens,
+            StmtKind::Empty => {}
+            StmtKind::MacCall(ref mut mac) => mac.tokens = tokens,
+        }
+    }
+
     pub fn has_trailing_semicolon(&self) -> bool {
         match &self.kind {
             StmtKind::Semi(_) => true,
@@ -912,18 +941,25 @@ impl Stmt {
             _ => false,
         }
     }
+
+    /// Converts a parsed `Stmt` to a `Stmt` with
+    /// a trailing semicolon.
+    ///
+    /// This only modifies the parsed AST struct, not the attached
+    /// `LazyTokenStream`. The parser is responsible for calling
+    /// `CreateTokenStream::add_trailing_semi` when there is actually
+    /// a semicolon in the tokenstream.
     pub fn add_trailing_semicolon(mut self) -> Self {
         self.kind = match self.kind {
             StmtKind::Expr(expr) => StmtKind::Semi(expr),
             StmtKind::MacCall(mac) => {
-                StmtKind::MacCall(mac.map(|MacCallStmt { mac, style: _, attrs }| MacCallStmt {
-                    mac,
-                    style: MacStmtStyle::Semicolon,
-                    attrs,
+                StmtKind::MacCall(mac.map(|MacCallStmt { mac, style: _, attrs, tokens }| {
+                    MacCallStmt { mac, style: MacStmtStyle::Semicolon, attrs, tokens }
                 }))
             }
             kind => kind,
         };
+
         self
     }
 
@@ -963,6 +999,7 @@ pub struct MacCallStmt {
     pub mac: MacCall,
     pub style: MacStmtStyle,
     pub attrs: AttrVec,
+    pub tokens: Option<LazyTokenStream>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Encodable, Decodable, Debug)]
@@ -988,6 +1025,7 @@ pub struct Local {
     pub init: Option<P<Expr>>,
     pub span: Span,
     pub attrs: AttrVec,
+    pub tokens: Option<LazyTokenStream>,
 }
 
 /// An arm of a 'match'.
@@ -1845,6 +1883,7 @@ impl UintTy {
 pub struct AssocTyConstraint {
     pub id: NodeId,
     pub ident: Ident,
+    pub gen_args: Option<GenericArgs>,
     pub kind: AssocTyConstraintKind,
     pub span: Span,
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/lib.rs
index 6e47ff7d740..8a20dd79685 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/lib.rs
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ macro_rules! unwrap_or {
 pub mod util {
     pub mod classify;
     pub mod comments;
-    pub mod lev_distance;
     pub mod literal;
     pub mod parser;
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/mut_visit.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/mut_visit.rs
index ddae0ab03e4..c4e92a9f6d1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/mut_visit.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/mut_visit.rs
@@ -441,11 +441,14 @@ pub fn noop_flat_map_arm<T: MutVisitor>(mut arm: Arm, vis: &mut T) -> SmallVec<[
 }
 
 pub fn noop_visit_ty_constraint<T: MutVisitor>(
-    AssocTyConstraint { id, ident, kind, span }: &mut AssocTyConstraint,
+    AssocTyConstraint { id, ident, gen_args, kind, span }: &mut AssocTyConstraint,
     vis: &mut T,
 ) {
     vis.visit_id(id);
     vis.visit_ident(ident);
+    if let Some(ref mut gen_args) = gen_args {
+        vis.visit_generic_args(gen_args);
+    }
     match kind {
         AssocTyConstraintKind::Equality { ref mut ty } => {
             vis.visit_ty(ty);
@@ -576,13 +579,14 @@ pub fn noop_visit_parenthesized_parameter_data<T: MutVisitor>(
 }
 
 pub fn noop_visit_local<T: MutVisitor>(local: &mut P<Local>, vis: &mut T) {
-    let Local { id, pat, ty, init, span, attrs } = local.deref_mut();
+    let Local { id, pat, ty, init, span, attrs, tokens } = local.deref_mut();
     vis.visit_id(id);
     vis.visit_pat(pat);
     visit_opt(ty, |ty| vis.visit_ty(ty));
     visit_opt(init, |init| vis.visit_expr(init));
     vis.visit_span(span);
     visit_thin_attrs(attrs, vis);
+    visit_lazy_tts(tokens, vis);
 }
 
 pub fn noop_visit_attribute<T: MutVisitor>(attr: &mut Attribute, vis: &mut T) {
@@ -1325,16 +1329,12 @@ pub fn noop_filter_map_expr<T: MutVisitor>(mut e: P<Expr>, vis: &mut T) -> Optio
 }
 
 pub fn noop_flat_map_stmt<T: MutVisitor>(
-    Stmt { kind, mut span, mut id, mut tokens }: Stmt,
+    Stmt { kind, mut span, mut id }: Stmt,
     vis: &mut T,
 ) -> SmallVec<[Stmt; 1]> {
     vis.visit_id(&mut id);
     vis.visit_span(&mut span);
-    visit_lazy_tts(&mut tokens, vis);
-    noop_flat_map_stmt_kind(kind, vis)
-        .into_iter()
-        .map(|kind| Stmt { id, kind, span, tokens: tokens.clone() })
-        .collect()
+    noop_flat_map_stmt_kind(kind, vis).into_iter().map(|kind| Stmt { id, kind, span }).collect()
 }
 
 pub fn noop_flat_map_stmt_kind<T: MutVisitor>(
@@ -1351,9 +1351,10 @@ pub fn noop_flat_map_stmt_kind<T: MutVisitor>(
         StmtKind::Semi(expr) => vis.filter_map_expr(expr).into_iter().map(StmtKind::Semi).collect(),
         StmtKind::Empty => smallvec![StmtKind::Empty],
         StmtKind::MacCall(mut mac) => {
-            let MacCallStmt { mac: mac_, style: _, attrs } = mac.deref_mut();
+            let MacCallStmt { mac: mac_, style: _, attrs, tokens } = mac.deref_mut();
             vis.visit_mac_call(mac_);
             visit_thin_attrs(attrs, vis);
+            visit_lazy_tts(tokens, vis);
             smallvec![StmtKind::MacCall(mac)]
         }
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/token.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/token.rs
index 2bba7e618c0..f583825fbb3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/token.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/token.rs
@@ -785,13 +785,20 @@ impl Nonterminal {
     /// See issue #73345 for more details.
     /// FIXME(#73933): Remove this eventually.
     pub fn pretty_printing_compatibility_hack(&self) -> bool {
-        if let NtItem(item) = self {
-            let name = item.ident.name;
-            if name == sym::ProceduralMasqueradeDummyType || name == sym::ProcMacroHack {
-                if let ast::ItemKind::Enum(enum_def, _) = &item.kind {
-                    if let [variant] = &*enum_def.variants {
-                        return variant.ident.name == sym::Input;
-                    }
+        let item = match self {
+            NtItem(item) => item,
+            NtStmt(stmt) => match &stmt.kind {
+                ast::StmtKind::Item(item) => item,
+                _ => return false,
+            },
+            _ => return false,
+        };
+
+        let name = item.ident.name;
+        if name == sym::ProceduralMasqueradeDummyType || name == sym::ProcMacroHack {
+            if let ast::ItemKind::Enum(enum_def, _) = &item.kind {
+                if let [variant] = &*enum_def.variants {
+                    return variant.ident.name == sym::Input;
                 }
             }
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/tokenstream.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/tokenstream.rs
index fe67b905bf3..b2207f22816 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/tokenstream.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/tokenstream.rs
@@ -121,10 +121,14 @@ where
 }
 
 pub trait CreateTokenStream: sync::Send + sync::Sync {
+    fn add_trailing_semi(&self) -> Box<dyn CreateTokenStream>;
     fn create_token_stream(&self) -> TokenStream;
 }
 
 impl CreateTokenStream for TokenStream {
+    fn add_trailing_semi(&self) -> Box<dyn CreateTokenStream> {
+        panic!("Cannot call `add_trailing_semi` on a `TokenStream`!");
+    }
     fn create_token_stream(&self) -> TokenStream {
         self.clone()
     }
@@ -141,6 +145,13 @@ impl LazyTokenStream {
         LazyTokenStream(Lrc::new(Box::new(inner)))
     }
 
+    /// Extends the captured stream by one token,
+    /// which must be a trailing semicolon. This
+    /// affects the `TokenStream` created by `make_tokenstream`.
+    pub fn add_trailing_semi(&self) -> LazyTokenStream {
+        LazyTokenStream(Lrc::new(self.0.add_trailing_semi()))
+    }
+
     pub fn create_token_stream(&self) -> TokenStream {
         self.0.create_token_stream()
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/visit.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/visit.rs
index 560064182e1..61426a838de 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/visit.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/visit.rs
@@ -485,6 +485,9 @@ pub fn walk_assoc_ty_constraint<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(
     constraint: &'a AssocTyConstraint,
 ) {
     visitor.visit_ident(constraint.ident);
+    if let Some(ref gen_args) = constraint.gen_args {
+        visitor.visit_generic_args(gen_args.span(), gen_args);
+    }
     match constraint.kind {
         AssocTyConstraintKind::Equality { ref ty } => {
             visitor.visit_ty(ty);
@@ -686,7 +689,7 @@ pub fn walk_stmt<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, statement: &'a Stmt) {
         StmtKind::Expr(ref expr) | StmtKind::Semi(ref expr) => visitor.visit_expr(expr),
         StmtKind::Empty => {}
         StmtKind::MacCall(ref mac) => {
-            let MacCallStmt { ref mac, style: _, ref attrs } = **mac;
+            let MacCallStmt { ref mac, style: _, ref attrs, tokens: _ } = **mac;
             visitor.visit_mac_call(mac);
             for attr in attrs.iter() {
                 visitor.visit_attribute(attr);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/expr.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/expr.rs
index f83fc29577b..314e5103cc2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/expr.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/expr.rs
@@ -353,7 +353,6 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
         let else_arm = self.arm(else_pat, else_expr);
 
         // Handle then + scrutinee:
-        let then_expr = self.lower_block_expr(then);
         let (then_pat, scrutinee, desugar) = match cond.kind {
             // `<pat> => <then>`:
             ExprKind::Let(ref pat, ref scrutinee) => {
@@ -375,6 +374,7 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                 (pat, cond, hir::MatchSource::IfDesugar { contains_else_clause })
             }
         };
+        let then_expr = self.lower_block_expr(then);
         let then_arm = self.arm(then_pat, self.arena.alloc(then_expr));
 
         hir::ExprKind::Match(scrutinee, arena_vec![self; then_arm, else_arm], desugar)
@@ -400,7 +400,6 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
         };
 
         // Handle then + scrutinee:
-        let then_expr = self.lower_block_expr(body);
         let (then_pat, scrutinee, desugar, source) = match cond.kind {
             ExprKind::Let(ref pat, ref scrutinee) => {
                 // to:
@@ -440,6 +439,7 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                 (pat, cond, hir::MatchSource::WhileDesugar, hir::LoopSource::While)
             }
         };
+        let then_expr = self.lower_block_expr(body);
         let then_arm = self.arm(then_pat, self.arena.alloc(then_expr));
 
         // `match <scrutinee> { ... }`
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/item.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/item.rs
index d353bc19f7a..eef6d38aa05 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/item.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/item.rs
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ impl<'a> Visitor<'a> for ItemLowerer<'a, '_, '_> {
                 items: BTreeSet::new(),
                 trait_items: BTreeSet::new(),
                 impl_items: BTreeSet::new(),
+                foreign_items: BTreeSet::new(),
             },
         );
 
@@ -105,6 +106,18 @@ impl<'a> Visitor<'a> for ItemLowerer<'a, '_, '_> {
 
         visit::walk_assoc_item(self, item, ctxt);
     }
+
+    fn visit_foreign_item(&mut self, item: &'a ForeignItem) {
+        self.lctx.allocate_hir_id_counter(item.id);
+        self.lctx.with_hir_id_owner(item.id, |lctx| {
+            let hir_item = lctx.lower_foreign_item(item);
+            let id = hir::ForeignItemId { hir_id: hir_item.hir_id };
+            lctx.foreign_items.insert(id, hir_item);
+            lctx.modules.get_mut(&lctx.current_module).unwrap().foreign_items.insert(id);
+        });
+
+        visit::walk_foreign_item(self, item);
+    }
 }
 
 impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
@@ -304,7 +317,12 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                 })
             }
             ItemKind::Mod(ref m) => hir::ItemKind::Mod(self.lower_mod(m)),
-            ItemKind::ForeignMod(ref nm) => hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod(self.lower_foreign_mod(nm)),
+            ItemKind::ForeignMod(ref fm) => hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod {
+                abi: fm.abi.map_or(abi::Abi::C, |abi| self.lower_abi(abi)),
+                items: self
+                    .arena
+                    .alloc_from_iter(fm.items.iter().map(|x| self.lower_foreign_item_ref(x))),
+            },
             ItemKind::GlobalAsm(ref ga) => hir::ItemKind::GlobalAsm(self.lower_global_asm(ga)),
             ItemKind::TyAlias(_, ref gen, _, Some(ref ty)) => {
                 // We lower
@@ -704,10 +722,12 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
         }
     }
 
-    fn lower_foreign_mod(&mut self, fm: &ForeignMod) -> hir::ForeignMod<'hir> {
-        hir::ForeignMod {
-            abi: fm.abi.map_or(abi::Abi::C, |abi| self.lower_abi(abi)),
-            items: self.arena.alloc_from_iter(fm.items.iter().map(|x| self.lower_foreign_item(x))),
+    fn lower_foreign_item_ref(&mut self, i: &ForeignItem) -> hir::ForeignItemRef<'hir> {
+        hir::ForeignItemRef {
+            id: hir::ForeignItemId { hir_id: self.lower_node_id(i.id) },
+            ident: i.ident,
+            span: i.span,
+            vis: self.lower_visibility(&i.vis, Some(i.id)),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/lib.rs
index d93655e5905..2e1b5a74a7b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/lib.rs
@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@ struct LoweringContext<'a, 'hir: 'a> {
 
     trait_items: BTreeMap<hir::TraitItemId, hir::TraitItem<'hir>>,
     impl_items: BTreeMap<hir::ImplItemId, hir::ImplItem<'hir>>,
+    foreign_items: BTreeMap<hir::ForeignItemId, hir::ForeignItem<'hir>>,
     bodies: BTreeMap<hir::BodyId, hir::Body<'hir>>,
     exported_macros: Vec<hir::MacroDef<'hir>>,
     non_exported_macro_attrs: Vec<ast::Attribute>,
@@ -298,6 +299,7 @@ pub fn lower_crate<'a, 'hir>(
         items: BTreeMap::new(),
         trait_items: BTreeMap::new(),
         impl_items: BTreeMap::new(),
+        foreign_items: BTreeMap::new(),
         bodies: BTreeMap::new(),
         trait_impls: BTreeMap::new(),
         modules: BTreeMap::new(),
@@ -425,7 +427,6 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
         /// declared for every type and trait definition.
         struct MiscCollector<'tcx, 'lowering, 'hir> {
             lctx: &'tcx mut LoweringContext<'lowering, 'hir>,
-            hir_id_owner: Option<NodeId>,
         }
 
         impl MiscCollector<'_, '_, '_> {
@@ -452,30 +453,9 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                     }
                 }
             }
-
-            fn with_hir_id_owner<T>(
-                &mut self,
-                owner: Option<NodeId>,
-                f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> T,
-            ) -> T {
-                let old = mem::replace(&mut self.hir_id_owner, owner);
-                let r = f(self);
-                self.hir_id_owner = old;
-                r
-            }
         }
 
         impl<'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for MiscCollector<'tcx, '_, '_> {
-            fn visit_pat(&mut self, p: &'tcx Pat) {
-                if let PatKind::Paren(..) | PatKind::Rest = p.kind {
-                    // Doesn't generate a HIR node
-                } else if let Some(owner) = self.hir_id_owner {
-                    self.lctx.lower_node_id_with_owner(p.id, owner);
-                }
-
-                visit::walk_pat(self, p)
-            }
-
             fn visit_item(&mut self, item: &'tcx Item) {
                 let hir_id = self.lctx.allocate_hir_id_counter(item.id);
 
@@ -499,24 +479,17 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                     _ => {}
                 }
 
-                self.with_hir_id_owner(Some(item.id), |this| {
-                    visit::walk_item(this, item);
-                });
+                visit::walk_item(self, item);
             }
 
             fn visit_assoc_item(&mut self, item: &'tcx AssocItem, ctxt: AssocCtxt) {
                 self.lctx.allocate_hir_id_counter(item.id);
-                let owner = match (&item.kind, ctxt) {
-                    // Ignore patterns in trait methods without bodies.
-                    (AssocItemKind::Fn(_, _, _, None), AssocCtxt::Trait) => None,
-                    _ => Some(item.id),
-                };
-                self.with_hir_id_owner(owner, |this| visit::walk_assoc_item(this, item, ctxt));
+                visit::walk_assoc_item(self, item, ctxt);
             }
 
-            fn visit_foreign_item(&mut self, i: &'tcx ForeignItem) {
-                // Ignore patterns in foreign items
-                self.with_hir_id_owner(None, |this| visit::walk_foreign_item(this, i));
+            fn visit_foreign_item(&mut self, item: &'tcx ForeignItem) {
+                self.lctx.allocate_hir_id_counter(item.id);
+                visit::walk_foreign_item(self, item);
             }
 
             fn visit_ty(&mut self, t: &'tcx Ty) {
@@ -527,18 +500,14 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                         // Mirrors visit::walk_fn_decl
                         for parameter in &f.decl.inputs {
                             // We don't lower the ids of argument patterns
-                            self.with_hir_id_owner(None, |this| {
-                                this.visit_pat(&parameter.pat);
-                            });
+                            self.visit_pat(&parameter.pat);
                             self.visit_ty(&parameter.ty)
                         }
                         self.visit_fn_ret_ty(&f.decl.output)
                     }
                     TyKind::ImplTrait(def_node_id, _) => {
                         self.lctx.allocate_hir_id_counter(def_node_id);
-                        self.with_hir_id_owner(Some(def_node_id), |this| {
-                            visit::walk_ty(this, t);
-                        });
+                        visit::walk_ty(self, t);
                     }
                     _ => visit::walk_ty(self, t),
                 }
@@ -548,7 +517,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
         self.lower_node_id(CRATE_NODE_ID);
         debug_assert!(self.node_id_to_hir_id[CRATE_NODE_ID] == Some(hir::CRATE_HIR_ID));
 
-        visit::walk_crate(&mut MiscCollector { lctx: &mut self, hir_id_owner: None }, c);
+        visit::walk_crate(&mut MiscCollector { lctx: &mut self }, c);
         visit::walk_crate(&mut item::ItemLowerer { lctx: &mut self }, c);
 
         let module = self.lower_mod(&c.module);
@@ -586,6 +555,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
             items: self.items,
             trait_items: self.trait_items,
             impl_items: self.impl_items,
+            foreign_items: self.foreign_items,
             bodies: self.bodies,
             body_ids,
             trait_impls: self.trait_impls,
@@ -1038,6 +1008,13 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
     ) -> hir::TypeBinding<'hir> {
         debug!("lower_assoc_ty_constraint(constraint={:?}, itctx={:?})", constraint, itctx);
 
+        if let Some(ref gen_args) = constraint.gen_args {
+            self.sess.span_fatal(
+                gen_args.span(),
+                "generic associated types in trait paths are currently not implemented",
+            );
+        }
+
         let kind = match constraint.kind {
             AssocTyConstraintKind::Equality { ref ty } => {
                 hir::TypeBindingKind::Equality { ty: self.lower_ty(ty, itctx) }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/ast_validation.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/ast_validation.rs
index 08ebcbf381a..4ec3e39facc 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/ast_validation.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/ast_validation.rs
@@ -1372,16 +1372,18 @@ fn deny_equality_constraints(
                         if param.ident == *ident {
                             let param = ident;
                             match &full_path.segments[qself.position..] {
-                                [PathSegment { ident, .. }] => {
+                                [PathSegment { ident, args, .. }] => {
                                     // Make a new `Path` from `foo::Bar` to `Foo<Bar = RhsTy>`.
                                     let mut assoc_path = full_path.clone();
                                     // Remove `Bar` from `Foo::Bar`.
                                     assoc_path.segments.pop();
                                     let len = assoc_path.segments.len() - 1;
+                                    let gen_args = args.as_ref().map(|p| (**p).clone());
                                     // Build `<Bar = RhsTy>`.
                                     let arg = AngleBracketedArg::Constraint(AssocTyConstraint {
                                         id: rustc_ast::node_id::DUMMY_NODE_ID,
                                         ident: *ident,
+                                        gen_args,
                                         kind: AssocTyConstraintKind::Equality {
                                             ty: predicate.rhs_ty.clone(),
                                         },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/feature_gate.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/feature_gate.rs
index 181783441f3..5b75fbf339b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/feature_gate.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/feature_gate.rs
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ impl<'a> Visitor<'a> for PostExpansionVisitor<'a> {
             ast::ItemKind::Trait(ast::IsAuto::Yes, ..) => {
                 gate_feature_post!(
                     &self,
-                    optin_builtin_traits,
+                    auto_traits,
                     i.span,
                     "auto traits are experimental and possibly buggy"
                 );
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/lib.rs
index bfe30441980..7487421e709 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/lib.rs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 #![feature(bindings_after_at)]
 #![feature(iter_is_partitioned)]
+#![recursion_limit = "256"]
 
 pub mod ast_validation;
 pub mod feature_gate;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/debug.rs b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/debug.rs
index 9381264f498..5c21329069b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/debug.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/debug.rs
@@ -132,6 +132,7 @@ fn stmt_let_underscore(cx: &mut ExtCtxt<'_>, sp: Span, expr: P<ast::Expr>) -> as
         id: ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID,
         span: sp,
         attrs: ast::AttrVec::new(),
+        tokens: None,
     });
-    ast::Stmt { id: ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID, kind: ast::StmtKind::Local(local), span: sp, tokens: None }
+    ast::Stmt { id: ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID, kind: ast::StmtKind::Local(local), span: sp }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/mod.rs
index 72d94af4694..1651180817b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/mod.rs
@@ -54,7 +54,26 @@ impl MultiItemModifier for BuiltinDerive {
         // so we are doing it here in a centralized way.
         let span = ecx.with_def_site_ctxt(span);
         let mut items = Vec::new();
-        (self.0)(ecx, span, meta_item, &item, &mut |a| items.push(a));
+        match item {
+            Annotatable::Stmt(stmt) => {
+                if let ast::StmtKind::Item(item) = stmt.into_inner().kind {
+                    (self.0)(ecx, span, meta_item, &Annotatable::Item(item), &mut |a| {
+                        // Cannot use 'ecx.stmt_item' here, because we need to pass 'ecx'
+                        // to the function
+                        items.push(Annotatable::Stmt(P(ast::Stmt {
+                            id: ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID,
+                            kind: ast::StmtKind::Item(a.expect_item()),
+                            span,
+                        })));
+                    });
+                } else {
+                    unreachable!("should have already errored on non-item statement")
+                }
+            }
+            _ => {
+                (self.0)(ecx, span, meta_item, &item, &mut |a| items.push(a));
+            }
+        }
         ExpandResult::Ready(items)
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/global_allocator.rs b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/global_allocator.rs
index 8478fcfbf09..e976805d9dd 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/global_allocator.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/global_allocator.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use rustc_ast::expand::allocator::{
     AllocatorKind, AllocatorMethod, AllocatorTy, ALLOCATOR_METHODS,
 };
 use rustc_ast::ptr::P;
-use rustc_ast::{self as ast, Attribute, Expr, FnHeader, FnSig, Generics, Param};
+use rustc_ast::{self as ast, Attribute, Expr, FnHeader, FnSig, Generics, Param, StmtKind};
 use rustc_ast::{ItemKind, Mutability, Stmt, Ty, TyKind, Unsafe};
 use rustc_expand::base::{Annotatable, ExtCtxt};
 use rustc_span::symbol::{kw, sym, Ident, Symbol};
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ pub fn expand(
     ecx: &mut ExtCtxt<'_>,
     _span: Span,
     meta_item: &ast::MetaItem,
-    item: Annotatable,
+    mut item: Annotatable,
 ) -> Vec<Annotatable> {
     check_builtin_macro_attribute(ecx, meta_item, sym::global_allocator);
 
@@ -22,6 +22,17 @@ pub fn expand(
         ecx.sess.parse_sess.span_diagnostic.span_err(item.span(), "allocators must be statics");
         vec![item]
     };
+    let orig_item = item.clone();
+    let mut is_stmt = false;
+
+    // Allow using `#[global_allocator]` on an item statement
+    if let Annotatable::Stmt(stmt) = &item {
+        if let StmtKind::Item(item_) = &stmt.kind {
+            item = Annotatable::Item(item_.clone());
+            is_stmt = true;
+        }
+    }
+
     let item = match item {
         Annotatable::Item(item) => match item.kind {
             ItemKind::Static(..) => item,
@@ -41,9 +52,14 @@ pub fn expand(
     let const_ty = ecx.ty(span, TyKind::Tup(Vec::new()));
     let const_body = ecx.expr_block(ecx.block(span, stmts));
     let const_item = ecx.item_const(span, Ident::new(kw::Underscore, span), const_ty, const_body);
+    let const_item = if is_stmt {
+        Annotatable::Stmt(P(ecx.stmt_item(span, const_item)))
+    } else {
+        Annotatable::Item(const_item)
+    };
 
     // Return the original item and the new methods.
-    vec![Annotatable::Item(item), Annotatable::Item(const_item)]
+    vec![orig_item, const_item]
 }
 
 struct AllocFnFactory<'a, 'b> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/test.rs b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/test.rs
index 1de0b32f519..25d3f46da6c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/test.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/test.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ use crate::util::check_builtin_macro_attribute;
 
 use rustc_ast as ast;
 use rustc_ast::attr;
+use rustc_ast::ptr::P;
 use rustc_ast_pretty::pprust;
 use rustc_expand::base::*;
 use rustc_session::Session;
@@ -78,8 +79,16 @@ pub fn expand_test_or_bench(
         return vec![];
     }
 
-    let item = match item {
-        Annotatable::Item(i) => i,
+    let (item, is_stmt) = match item {
+        Annotatable::Item(i) => (i, false),
+        Annotatable::Stmt(stmt) if matches!(stmt.kind, ast::StmtKind::Item(_)) => {
+            // FIXME: Use an 'if let' guard once they are implemented
+            if let ast::StmtKind::Item(i) = stmt.into_inner().kind {
+                (i, true)
+            } else {
+                unreachable!()
+            }
+        }
         other => {
             cx.struct_span_err(
                 other.span(),
@@ -304,14 +313,25 @@ pub fn expand_test_or_bench(
 
     tracing::debug!("synthetic test item:\n{}\n", pprust::item_to_string(&test_const));
 
-    vec![
-        // Access to libtest under a hygienic name
-        Annotatable::Item(test_extern),
-        // The generated test case
-        Annotatable::Item(test_const),
-        // The original item
-        Annotatable::Item(item),
-    ]
+    if is_stmt {
+        vec![
+            // Access to libtest under a hygienic name
+            Annotatable::Stmt(P(cx.stmt_item(sp, test_extern))),
+            // The generated test case
+            Annotatable::Stmt(P(cx.stmt_item(sp, test_const))),
+            // The original item
+            Annotatable::Stmt(P(cx.stmt_item(sp, item))),
+        ]
+    } else {
+        vec![
+            // Access to libtest under a hygienic name
+            Annotatable::Item(test_extern),
+            // The generated test case
+            Annotatable::Item(test_const),
+            // The original item
+            Annotatable::Item(item),
+        ]
+    }
 }
 
 fn item_path(mod_path: &[Ident], item_ident: &Ident) -> String {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/example/mini_core.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/example/mini_core.rs
index ce07fe83df1..10cba992056 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/example/mini_core.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/example/mini_core.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #![feature(
     no_core, lang_items, intrinsics, unboxed_closures, type_ascription, extern_types,
-    untagged_unions, decl_macro, rustc_attrs, transparent_unions, optin_builtin_traits,
+    untagged_unions, decl_macro, rustc_attrs, transparent_unions, auto_traits,
     thread_local,
 )]
 #![no_core]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/coverageinfo/mapgen.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/coverageinfo/mapgen.rs
index 41827a91ba4..85aaa7e8893 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/coverageinfo/mapgen.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/coverageinfo/mapgen.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use crate::llvm;
 
 use llvm::coverageinfo::CounterMappingRegion;
 use rustc_codegen_ssa::coverageinfo::map::{Counter, CounterExpression};
-use rustc_codegen_ssa::traits::{BaseTypeMethods, ConstMethods};
+use rustc_codegen_ssa::traits::ConstMethods;
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxIndexSet;
 use rustc_llvm::RustString;
 use rustc_middle::mir::coverage::CodeRegion;
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ use tracing::debug;
 
 /// Generates and exports the Coverage Map.
 ///
-/// This Coverage Map complies with Coverage Mapping Format version 3 (zero-based encoded as 2),
-/// as defined at [LLVM Code Coverage Mapping Format](https://github.com/rust-lang/llvm-project/blob/llvmorg-8.0.0/llvm/docs/CoverageMappingFormat.rst#llvm-code-coverage-mapping-format)
-/// and published in Rust's current (July 2020) fork of LLVM. This version is supported by the
+/// This Coverage Map complies with Coverage Mapping Format version 4 (zero-based encoded as 3),
+/// as defined at [LLVM Code Coverage Mapping Format](https://github.com/rust-lang/llvm-project/blob/rustc/11.0-2020-10-12/llvm/docs/CoverageMappingFormat.rst#llvm-code-coverage-mapping-format)
+/// and published in Rust's current (November 2020) fork of LLVM. This version is supported by the
 /// LLVM coverage tools (`llvm-profdata` and `llvm-cov`) bundled with Rust's fork of LLVM.
 ///
 /// Consequently, Rust's bundled version of Clang also generates Coverage Maps compliant with
@@ -26,6 +26,13 @@ use tracing::debug;
 /// undocumented details in Clang's implementation (that may or may not be important) were also
 /// replicated for Rust's Coverage Map.
 pub fn finalize<'ll, 'tcx>(cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, 'tcx>) {
+    // Ensure LLVM supports Coverage Map Version 4 (encoded as a zero-based value: 3).
+    // If not, the LLVM Version must be less than 11.
+    let version = coverageinfo::mapping_version();
+    if version != 3 {
+        cx.tcx.sess.fatal("rustc option `-Z instrument-coverage` requires LLVM 11 or higher.");
+    }
+
     let function_coverage_map = match cx.coverage_context() {
         Some(ctx) => ctx.take_function_coverage_map(),
         None => return,
@@ -38,46 +45,50 @@ pub fn finalize<'ll, 'tcx>(cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, 'tcx>) {
     let mut mapgen = CoverageMapGenerator::new();
 
     // Encode coverage mappings and generate function records
-    let mut function_records = Vec::<&'ll llvm::Value>::new();
-    let coverage_mappings_buffer = llvm::build_byte_buffer(|coverage_mappings_buffer| {
-        for (instance, function_coverage) in function_coverage_map.into_iter() {
-            debug!("Generate coverage map for: {:?}", instance);
-
-            let mangled_function_name = cx.tcx.symbol_name(instance).to_string();
-            let function_source_hash = function_coverage.source_hash();
-            let (expressions, counter_regions) =
-                function_coverage.get_expressions_and_counter_regions();
-
-            let old_len = coverage_mappings_buffer.len();
-            mapgen.write_coverage_mappings(expressions, counter_regions, coverage_mappings_buffer);
-            let mapping_data_size = coverage_mappings_buffer.len() - old_len;
-            debug_assert!(
-                mapping_data_size > 0,
-                "Every `FunctionCoverage` should have at least one counter"
-            );
-
-            let function_record = mapgen.make_function_record(
-                cx,
-                mangled_function_name,
-                function_source_hash,
-                mapping_data_size,
-            );
-            function_records.push(function_record);
-        }
-    });
+    let mut function_data = Vec::new();
+    for (instance, function_coverage) in function_coverage_map {
+        debug!("Generate coverage map for: {:?}", instance);
+
+        let mangled_function_name = cx.tcx.symbol_name(instance).to_string();
+        let function_source_hash = function_coverage.source_hash();
+        let (expressions, counter_regions) =
+            function_coverage.get_expressions_and_counter_regions();
+
+        let coverage_mapping_buffer = llvm::build_byte_buffer(|coverage_mapping_buffer| {
+            mapgen.write_coverage_mapping(expressions, counter_regions, coverage_mapping_buffer);
+        });
+        debug_assert!(
+            coverage_mapping_buffer.len() > 0,
+            "Every `FunctionCoverage` should have at least one counter"
+        );
+
+        function_data.push((mangled_function_name, function_source_hash, coverage_mapping_buffer));
+    }
 
     // Encode all filenames referenced by counters/expressions in this module
     let filenames_buffer = llvm::build_byte_buffer(|filenames_buffer| {
         coverageinfo::write_filenames_section_to_buffer(&mapgen.filenames, filenames_buffer);
     });
 
+    let filenames_size = filenames_buffer.len();
+    let filenames_val = cx.const_bytes(&filenames_buffer[..]);
+    let filenames_ref = coverageinfo::hash_bytes(filenames_buffer);
+
     // Generate the LLVM IR representation of the coverage map and store it in a well-known global
-    mapgen.save_generated_coverage_map(
-        cx,
-        function_records,
-        filenames_buffer,
-        coverage_mappings_buffer,
-    );
+    let cov_data_val = mapgen.generate_coverage_map(cx, version, filenames_size, filenames_val);
+
+    for (mangled_function_name, function_source_hash, coverage_mapping_buffer) in function_data {
+        save_function_record(
+            cx,
+            mangled_function_name,
+            function_source_hash,
+            filenames_ref,
+            coverage_mapping_buffer,
+        );
+    }
+
+    // Save the coverage data value to LLVM IR
+    coverageinfo::save_cov_data_to_mod(cx, cov_data_val);
 }
 
 struct CoverageMapGenerator {
@@ -92,12 +103,12 @@ impl CoverageMapGenerator {
     /// Using the `expressions` and `counter_regions` collected for the current function, generate
     /// the `mapping_regions` and `virtual_file_mapping`, and capture any new filenames. Then use
     /// LLVM APIs to encode the `virtual_file_mapping`, `expressions`, and `mapping_regions` into
-    /// the given `coverage_mappings` byte buffer, compliant with the LLVM Coverage Mapping format.
-    fn write_coverage_mappings(
+    /// the given `coverage_mapping` byte buffer, compliant with the LLVM Coverage Mapping format.
+    fn write_coverage_mapping(
         &mut self,
         expressions: Vec<CounterExpression>,
         counter_regions: impl Iterator<Item = (Counter, &'a CodeRegion)>,
-        coverage_mappings_buffer: &RustString,
+        coverage_mapping_buffer: &RustString,
     ) {
         let mut counter_regions = counter_regions.collect::<Vec<_>>();
         if counter_regions.is_empty() {
@@ -145,89 +156,75 @@ impl CoverageMapGenerator {
             virtual_file_mapping,
             expressions,
             mapping_regions,
-            coverage_mappings_buffer,
+            coverage_mapping_buffer,
         );
     }
 
-    /// Generate and return the function record `Value`
-    fn make_function_record(
-        &mut self,
-        cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, 'tcx>,
-        mangled_function_name: String,
-        function_source_hash: u64,
-        mapping_data_size: usize,
-    ) -> &'ll llvm::Value {
-        let name_ref = coverageinfo::compute_hash(&mangled_function_name);
-        let name_ref_val = cx.const_u64(name_ref);
-        let mapping_data_size_val = cx.const_u32(mapping_data_size as u32);
-        let func_hash_val = cx.const_u64(function_source_hash);
-        cx.const_struct(
-            &[name_ref_val, mapping_data_size_val, func_hash_val],
-            /*packed=*/ true,
-        )
-    }
-
-    /// Combine the filenames and coverage mappings buffers, construct coverage map header and the
-    /// array of function records, and combine everything into the complete coverage map. Save the
-    /// coverage map data into the LLVM IR as a static global using a specific, well-known section
-    /// and name.
-    fn save_generated_coverage_map(
+    /// Construct coverage map header and the array of function records, and combine them into the
+    /// coverage map. Save the coverage map data into the LLVM IR as a static global using a
+    /// specific, well-known section and name.
+    fn generate_coverage_map(
         self,
         cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, 'tcx>,
-        function_records: Vec<&'ll llvm::Value>,
-        filenames_buffer: Vec<u8>,
-        mut coverage_mappings_buffer: Vec<u8>,
-    ) {
-        // Concatenate the encoded filenames and encoded coverage mappings, and add additional zero
-        // bytes as-needed to ensure 8-byte alignment.
-        let mut coverage_size = coverage_mappings_buffer.len();
-        let filenames_size = filenames_buffer.len();
-        let remaining_bytes =
-            (filenames_size + coverage_size) % coverageinfo::COVMAP_VAR_ALIGN_BYTES;
-        if remaining_bytes > 0 {
-            let pad = coverageinfo::COVMAP_VAR_ALIGN_BYTES - remaining_bytes;
-            coverage_mappings_buffer.append(&mut [0].repeat(pad));
-            coverage_size += pad;
-        }
-        let filenames_and_coverage_mappings = [filenames_buffer, coverage_mappings_buffer].concat();
-        let filenames_and_coverage_mappings_val =
-            cx.const_bytes(&filenames_and_coverage_mappings[..]);
-
-        debug!(
-            "cov map: n_records = {}, filenames_size = {}, coverage_size = {}, 0-based version = {}",
-            function_records.len(),
-            filenames_size,
-            coverage_size,
-            coverageinfo::mapping_version()
-        );
+        version: u32,
+        filenames_size: usize,
+        filenames_val: &'ll llvm::Value,
+    ) -> &'ll llvm::Value {
+        debug!("cov map: filenames_size = {}, 0-based version = {}", filenames_size, version);
 
-        // Create the coverage data header
-        let n_records_val = cx.const_u32(function_records.len() as u32);
+        // Create the coverage data header (Note, fields 0 and 2 are now always zero,
+        // as of `llvm::coverage::CovMapVersion::Version4`.)
+        let zero_was_n_records_val = cx.const_u32(0);
         let filenames_size_val = cx.const_u32(filenames_size as u32);
-        let coverage_size_val = cx.const_u32(coverage_size as u32);
-        let version_val = cx.const_u32(coverageinfo::mapping_version());
+        let zero_was_coverage_size_val = cx.const_u32(0);
+        let version_val = cx.const_u32(version);
         let cov_data_header_val = cx.const_struct(
-            &[n_records_val, filenames_size_val, coverage_size_val, version_val],
+            &[zero_was_n_records_val, filenames_size_val, zero_was_coverage_size_val, version_val],
             /*packed=*/ false,
         );
 
-        // Create the function records array
-        let name_ref_from_u64 = cx.type_i64();
-        let mapping_data_size_from_u32 = cx.type_i32();
-        let func_hash_from_u64 = cx.type_i64();
-        let function_record_ty = cx.type_struct(
-            &[name_ref_from_u64, mapping_data_size_from_u32, func_hash_from_u64],
-            /*packed=*/ true,
-        );
-        let function_records_val = cx.const_array(function_record_ty, &function_records[..]);
-
         // Create the complete LLVM coverage data value to add to the LLVM IR
-        let cov_data_val = cx.const_struct(
-            &[cov_data_header_val, function_records_val, filenames_and_coverage_mappings_val],
-            /*packed=*/ false,
-        );
-
-        // Save the coverage data value to LLVM IR
-        coverageinfo::save_map_to_mod(cx, cov_data_val);
+        cx.const_struct(&[cov_data_header_val, filenames_val], /*packed=*/ false)
     }
 }
+
+/// Construct a function record and combine it with the function's coverage mapping data.
+/// Save the function record into the LLVM IR as a static global using a
+/// specific, well-known section and name.
+fn save_function_record(
+    cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, 'tcx>,
+    mangled_function_name: String,
+    function_source_hash: u64,
+    filenames_ref: u64,
+    coverage_mapping_buffer: Vec<u8>,
+) {
+    // Concatenate the encoded coverage mappings
+    let coverage_mapping_size = coverage_mapping_buffer.len();
+    let coverage_mapping_val = cx.const_bytes(&coverage_mapping_buffer[..]);
+
+    let func_name_hash = coverageinfo::hash_str(&mangled_function_name);
+    let func_name_hash_val = cx.const_u64(func_name_hash);
+    let coverage_mapping_size_val = cx.const_u32(coverage_mapping_size as u32);
+    let func_hash_val = cx.const_u64(function_source_hash);
+    let filenames_ref_val = cx.const_u64(filenames_ref);
+    let func_record_val = cx.const_struct(
+        &[
+            func_name_hash_val,
+            coverage_mapping_size_val,
+            func_hash_val,
+            filenames_ref_val,
+            coverage_mapping_val,
+        ],
+        /*packed=*/ true,
+    );
+
+    // At the present time, the coverage map for Rust assumes every instrumented function `is_used`.
+    // Note that Clang marks functions as "unused" in `CodeGenPGO::emitEmptyCounterMapping`. (See:
+    // https://github.com/rust-lang/llvm-project/blob/de02a75e398415bad4df27b4547c25b896c8bf3b/clang%2Flib%2FCodeGen%2FCodeGenPGO.cpp#L877-L878
+    // for example.)
+    //
+    // It's not yet clear if or how this may be applied to Rust in the future, but the `is_used`
+    // argument is available and handled similarly.
+    let is_used = true;
+    coverageinfo::save_func_record_to_mod(cx, func_name_hash, func_record_val, is_used);
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/coverageinfo/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/coverageinfo/mod.rs
index e21e03822eb..e777f363eb0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/coverageinfo/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/coverageinfo/mod.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ use tracing::debug;
 
 pub mod mapgen;
 
-const COVMAP_VAR_ALIGN_BYTES: usize = 8;
+const VAR_ALIGN_BYTES: usize = 8;
 
 /// A context object for maintaining all state needed by the coverageinfo module.
 pub struct CrateCoverageContext<'tcx> {
@@ -177,17 +177,20 @@ pub(crate) fn write_mapping_to_buffer(
         );
     }
 }
+pub(crate) fn hash_str(strval: &str) -> u64 {
+    let strval = CString::new(strval).expect("null error converting hashable str to C string");
+    unsafe { llvm::LLVMRustCoverageHashCString(strval.as_ptr()) }
+}
 
-pub(crate) fn compute_hash(name: &str) -> u64 {
-    let name = CString::new(name).expect("null error converting hashable name to C string");
-    unsafe { llvm::LLVMRustCoverageComputeHash(name.as_ptr()) }
+pub(crate) fn hash_bytes(bytes: Vec<u8>) -> u64 {
+    unsafe { llvm::LLVMRustCoverageHashByteArray(bytes.as_ptr().cast(), bytes.len()) }
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn mapping_version() -> u32 {
     unsafe { llvm::LLVMRustCoverageMappingVersion() }
 }
 
-pub(crate) fn save_map_to_mod<'ll, 'tcx>(
+pub(crate) fn save_cov_data_to_mod<'ll, 'tcx>(
     cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, 'tcx>,
     cov_data_val: &'ll llvm::Value,
 ) {
@@ -198,7 +201,7 @@ pub(crate) fn save_map_to_mod<'ll, 'tcx>(
     debug!("covmap var name: {:?}", covmap_var_name);
 
     let covmap_section_name = llvm::build_string(|s| unsafe {
-        llvm::LLVMRustCoverageWriteSectionNameToString(cx.llmod, s);
+        llvm::LLVMRustCoverageWriteMapSectionNameToString(cx.llmod, s);
     })
     .expect("Rust Coverage section name failed UTF-8 conversion");
     debug!("covmap section name: {:?}", covmap_section_name);
@@ -206,8 +209,43 @@ pub(crate) fn save_map_to_mod<'ll, 'tcx>(
     let llglobal = llvm::add_global(cx.llmod, cx.val_ty(cov_data_val), &covmap_var_name);
     llvm::set_initializer(llglobal, cov_data_val);
     llvm::set_global_constant(llglobal, true);
-    llvm::set_linkage(llglobal, llvm::Linkage::InternalLinkage);
+    llvm::set_linkage(llglobal, llvm::Linkage::PrivateLinkage);
     llvm::set_section(llglobal, &covmap_section_name);
-    llvm::set_alignment(llglobal, COVMAP_VAR_ALIGN_BYTES);
+    llvm::set_alignment(llglobal, VAR_ALIGN_BYTES);
+    cx.add_used_global(llglobal);
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn save_func_record_to_mod<'ll, 'tcx>(
+    cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, 'tcx>,
+    func_name_hash: u64,
+    func_record_val: &'ll llvm::Value,
+    is_used: bool,
+) {
+    // Assign a name to the function record. This is used to merge duplicates.
+    //
+    // In LLVM, a "translation unit" (effectively, a `Crate` in Rust) can describe functions that
+    // are included-but-not-used. If (or when) Rust generates functions that are
+    // included-but-not-used, note that a dummy description for a function included-but-not-used
+    // in a Crate can be replaced by full description provided by a different Crate. The two kinds
+    // of descriptions play distinct roles in LLVM IR; therefore, assign them different names (by
+    // appending "u" to the end of the function record var name, to prevent `linkonce_odr` merging.
+    let func_record_var_name =
+        format!("__covrec_{:X}{}", func_name_hash, if is_used { "u" } else { "" });
+    debug!("function record var name: {:?}", func_record_var_name);
+
+    let func_record_section_name = llvm::build_string(|s| unsafe {
+        llvm::LLVMRustCoverageWriteFuncSectionNameToString(cx.llmod, s);
+    })
+    .expect("Rust Coverage function record section name failed UTF-8 conversion");
+    debug!("function record section name: {:?}", func_record_section_name);
+
+    let llglobal = llvm::add_global(cx.llmod, cx.val_ty(func_record_val), &func_record_var_name);
+    llvm::set_initializer(llglobal, func_record_val);
+    llvm::set_global_constant(llglobal, true);
+    llvm::set_linkage(llglobal, llvm::Linkage::LinkOnceODRLinkage);
+    llvm::set_visibility(llglobal, llvm::Visibility::Hidden);
+    llvm::set_section(llglobal, &func_record_section_name);
+    llvm::set_alignment(llglobal, VAR_ALIGN_BYTES);
+    llvm::set_comdat(cx.llmod, llglobal, &func_record_var_name);
     cx.add_used_global(llglobal);
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm/ffi.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm/ffi.rs
index 8b15c8b0eb6..41482d18946 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm/ffi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm/ffi.rs
@@ -642,7 +642,7 @@ pub type InlineAsmDiagHandler = unsafe extern "C" fn(&SMDiagnostic, *const c_voi
 pub mod coverageinfo {
     use super::coverage_map;
 
-    /// Aligns with [llvm::coverage::CounterMappingRegion::RegionKind](https://github.com/rust-lang/llvm-project/blob/rustc/10.0-2020-05-05/llvm/include/llvm/ProfileData/Coverage/CoverageMapping.h#L205-L221)
+    /// Aligns with [llvm::coverage::CounterMappingRegion::RegionKind](https://github.com/rust-lang/llvm-project/blob/rustc/11.0-2020-10-12/llvm/include/llvm/ProfileData/Coverage/CoverageMapping.h#L206-L222)
     #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
     #[repr(C)]
     pub enum RegionKind {
@@ -665,13 +665,13 @@ pub mod coverageinfo {
 
     /// This struct provides LLVM's representation of a "CoverageMappingRegion", encoded into the
     /// coverage map, in accordance with the
-    /// [LLVM Code Coverage Mapping Format](https://github.com/rust-lang/llvm-project/blob/llvmorg-8.0.0/llvm/docs/CoverageMappingFormat.rst#llvm-code-coverage-mapping-format).
+    /// [LLVM Code Coverage Mapping Format](https://github.com/rust-lang/llvm-project/blob/rustc/11.0-2020-10-12/llvm/docs/CoverageMappingFormat.rst#llvm-code-coverage-mapping-format).
     /// The struct composes fields representing the `Counter` type and value(s) (injected counter
     /// ID, or expression type and operands), the source file (an indirect index into a "filenames
     /// array", encoded separately), and source location (start and end positions of the represented
     /// code region).
     ///
-    /// Aligns with [llvm::coverage::CounterMappingRegion](https://github.com/rust-lang/llvm-project/blob/rustc/10.0-2020-05-05/llvm/include/llvm/ProfileData/Coverage/CoverageMapping.h#L223-L226)
+    /// Aligns with [llvm::coverage::CounterMappingRegion](https://github.com/rust-lang/llvm-project/blob/rustc/11.0-2020-10-12/llvm/include/llvm/ProfileData/Coverage/CoverageMapping.h#L224-L227)
     /// Important: The Rust struct layout (order and types of fields) must match its C++
     /// counterpart.
     #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
@@ -1791,10 +1791,14 @@ extern "C" {
 
     pub fn LLVMRustCoverageCreatePGOFuncNameVar(F: &'a Value, FuncName: *const c_char)
     -> &'a Value;
-    pub fn LLVMRustCoverageComputeHash(Name: *const c_char) -> u64;
+    pub fn LLVMRustCoverageHashCString(StrVal: *const c_char) -> u64;
+    pub fn LLVMRustCoverageHashByteArray(Bytes: *const c_char, NumBytes: size_t) -> u64;
 
     #[allow(improper_ctypes)]
-    pub fn LLVMRustCoverageWriteSectionNameToString(M: &Module, Str: &RustString);
+    pub fn LLVMRustCoverageWriteMapSectionNameToString(M: &Module, Str: &RustString);
+
+    #[allow(improper_ctypes)]
+    pub fn LLVMRustCoverageWriteFuncSectionNameToString(M: &Module, Str: &RustString);
 
     #[allow(improper_ctypes)]
     pub fn LLVMRustCoverageWriteMappingVarNameToString(Str: &RustString);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm/mod.rs
index 53a404ee019..fc40065a966 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm/mod.rs
@@ -220,12 +220,24 @@ pub fn set_linkage(llglobal: &Value, linkage: Linkage) {
     }
 }
 
+pub fn set_visibility(llglobal: &Value, visibility: Visibility) {
+    unsafe {
+        LLVMRustSetVisibility(llglobal, visibility);
+    }
+}
+
 pub fn set_alignment(llglobal: &Value, bytes: usize) {
     unsafe {
         ffi::LLVMSetAlignment(llglobal, bytes as c_uint);
     }
 }
 
+pub fn set_comdat(llmod: &Module, llglobal: &Value, name: &str) {
+    unsafe {
+        LLVMRustSetComdat(llmod, llglobal, name.as_ptr().cast(), name.len());
+    }
+}
+
 /// Safe wrapper around `LLVMGetParam`, because segfaults are no fun.
 pub fn get_param(llfn: &Value, index: c_uint) -> &Value {
     unsafe {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs
index 5a627a0efa3..22e2aa3b5c8 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs
@@ -2090,9 +2090,10 @@ fn add_apple_sdk(cmd: &mut dyn Linker, sess: &Session, flavor: LinkerFlavor) {
         ("aarch64", "tvos") => "appletvos",
         ("x86_64", "tvos") => "appletvsimulator",
         ("arm", "ios") => "iphoneos",
+        ("aarch64", "ios") if llvm_target.contains("macabi") => "macosx",
         ("aarch64", "ios") => "iphoneos",
         ("x86", "ios") => "iphonesimulator",
-        ("x86_64", "ios") if llvm_target.contains("macabi") => "macosx10.15",
+        ("x86_64", "ios") if llvm_target.contains("macabi") => "macosx",
         ("x86_64", "ios") => "iphonesimulator",
         _ => {
             sess.err(&format!("unsupported arch `{}` for os `{}`", arch, os));
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/coverageinfo/ffi.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/coverageinfo/ffi.rs
index bcac2c90fdc..af6c476292b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/coverageinfo/ffi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/coverageinfo/ffi.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use rustc_middle::mir::coverage::{CounterValueReference, MappedExpressionIndex};
 
-/// Aligns with [llvm::coverage::Counter::CounterKind](https://github.com/rust-lang/llvm-project/blob/rustc/10.0-2020-05-05/llvm/include/llvm/ProfileData/Coverage/CoverageMapping.h#L91)
+/// Aligns with [llvm::coverage::Counter::CounterKind](https://github.com/rust-lang/llvm-project/blob/rustc/11.0-2020-10-12/llvm/include/llvm/ProfileData/Coverage/CoverageMapping.h#L206-L222)
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
 #[repr(C)]
 pub enum CounterKind {
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ pub enum CounterKind {
 ///     `instrprof.increment()`)
 ///   * For `CounterKind::Expression`, `id` is the index into the coverage map's array of
 ///     counter expressions.
-/// Aligns with [llvm::coverage::Counter](https://github.com/rust-lang/llvm-project/blob/rustc/10.0-2020-05-05/llvm/include/llvm/ProfileData/Coverage/CoverageMapping.h#L98-L99)
+/// Aligns with [llvm::coverage::Counter](https://github.com/rust-lang/llvm-project/blob/rustc/11.0-2020-10-12/llvm/include/llvm/ProfileData/Coverage/CoverageMapping.h#L99-L100)
 /// Important: The Rust struct layout (order and types of fields) must match its C++ counterpart.
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
 #[repr(C)]
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ impl Counter {
     }
 }
 
-/// Aligns with [llvm::coverage::CounterExpression::ExprKind](https://github.com/rust-lang/llvm-project/blob/rustc/10.0-2020-05-05/llvm/include/llvm/ProfileData/Coverage/CoverageMapping.h#L146)
+/// Aligns with [llvm::coverage::CounterExpression::ExprKind](https://github.com/rust-lang/llvm-project/blob/rustc/11.0-2020-10-12/llvm/include/llvm/ProfileData/Coverage/CoverageMapping.h#L147)
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
 #[repr(C)]
 pub enum ExprKind {
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ pub enum ExprKind {
     Add = 1,
 }
 
-/// Aligns with [llvm::coverage::CounterExpression](https://github.com/rust-lang/llvm-project/blob/rustc/10.0-2020-05-05/llvm/include/llvm/ProfileData/Coverage/CoverageMapping.h#L147-L148)
+/// Aligns with [llvm::coverage::CounterExpression](https://github.com/rust-lang/llvm-project/blob/rustc/11.0-2020-10-12/llvm/include/llvm/ProfileData/Coverage/CoverageMapping.h#L148-L149)
 /// Important: The Rust struct layout (order and types of fields) must match its C++
 /// counterpart.
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/block.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/block.rs
index 9651d0505e6..e59832a8eed 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/block.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/block.rs
@@ -451,7 +451,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
             Inhabited,
             ZeroValid,
             UninitValid,
-        };
+        }
         let panic_intrinsic = intrinsic.and_then(|i| match i {
             sym::assert_inhabited => Some(AssertIntrinsic::Inhabited),
             sym::assert_zero_valid => Some(AssertIntrinsic::ZeroValid),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/lib.rs
index 01604477c3e..d903a557c7f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/lib.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@
 #![feature(fn_traits)]
 #![feature(int_bits_const)]
 #![feature(min_specialization)]
-#![feature(optin_builtin_traits)]
+#![cfg_attr(bootstrap, feature(optin_builtin_traits))]
+#![cfg_attr(not(bootstrap), feature(auto_traits))]
 #![feature(nll)]
 #![feature(allow_internal_unstable)]
 #![feature(hash_raw_entry)]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_driver/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_driver/src/lib.rs
index e49e456792b..c1741bfaaba 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_driver/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_driver/src/lib.rs
@@ -248,11 +248,18 @@ fn run_compiler(
                 interface::run_compiler(config, |compiler| {
                     let sopts = &compiler.session().opts;
                     if sopts.describe_lints {
-                        let lint_store = rustc_lint::new_lint_store(
+                        let mut lint_store = rustc_lint::new_lint_store(
                             sopts.debugging_opts.no_interleave_lints,
                             compiler.session().unstable_options(),
                         );
-                        describe_lints(compiler.session(), &lint_store, false);
+                        let registered_lints =
+                            if let Some(register_lints) = compiler.register_lints() {
+                                register_lints(compiler.session(), &mut lint_store);
+                                true
+                            } else {
+                                false
+                            };
+                        describe_lints(compiler.session(), &lint_store, registered_lints);
                         return;
                     }
                     let should_stop = RustcDefaultCalls::print_crate_info(
@@ -954,10 +961,7 @@ Available lint options:
 
     match (loaded_plugins, plugin.len(), plugin_groups.len()) {
         (false, 0, _) | (false, _, 0) => {
-            println!(
-                "Compiler plugins can provide additional lints and lint groups. To see a \
-                      listing of these, re-run `rustc -W help` with a crate filename."
-            );
+            println!("Lint tools like Clippy can provide additional lints and lint groups.");
         }
         (false, ..) => panic!("didn't load lint plugins but got them anyway!"),
         (true, 0, 0) => println!("This crate does not load any lint plugins or lint groups."),
@@ -1284,11 +1288,30 @@ pub fn init_env_logger(env: &str) {
         Ok(s) if s.is_empty() => return,
         Ok(_) => {}
     }
+    let color_logs = match std::env::var(String::from(env) + "_COLOR") {
+        Ok(value) => match value.as_ref() {
+            "always" => true,
+            "never" => false,
+            "auto" => stdout_isatty(),
+            _ => early_error(
+                ErrorOutputType::default(),
+                &format!(
+                    "invalid log color value '{}': expected one of always, never, or auto",
+                    value
+                ),
+            ),
+        },
+        Err(std::env::VarError::NotPresent) => stdout_isatty(),
+        Err(std::env::VarError::NotUnicode(_value)) => early_error(
+            ErrorOutputType::default(),
+            "non-Unicode log color value: expected one of always, never, or auto",
+        ),
+    };
     let filter = tracing_subscriber::EnvFilter::from_env(env);
     let layer = tracing_tree::HierarchicalLayer::default()
         .with_writer(io::stderr)
         .with_indent_lines(true)
-        .with_ansi(true)
+        .with_ansi(color_logs)
         .with_targets(true)
         .with_wraparound(10)
         .with_verbose_exit(true)
@@ -1314,7 +1337,7 @@ pub fn main() -> ! {
                 arg.into_string().unwrap_or_else(|arg| {
                     early_error(
                         ErrorOutputType::default(),
-                        &format!("Argument {} is not valid Unicode: {:?}", i, arg),
+                        &format!("argument {} is not valid Unicode: {:?}", i, arg),
                     )
                 })
             })
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes/E0198.md b/compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes/E0198.md
index 90f1e542874..1238165cb88 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes/E0198.md
+++ b/compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes/E0198.md
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ unsafe.
 This will compile:
 
 ```ignore (ignore auto_trait future compatibility warning)
-#![feature(optin_builtin_traits)]
+#![feature(auto_traits)]
 
 struct Foo;
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes/E0321.md b/compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes/E0321.md
index bfcdabfe9de..bcfc12897c5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes/E0321.md
+++ b/compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes/E0321.md
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ or enum type.
 Erroneous code example:
 
 ```compile_fail,E0321
-#![feature(optin_builtin_traits)]
+#![feature(auto_traits)]
 
 struct Foo;
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes/E0567.md b/compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes/E0567.md
index 05cf8fed031..bc13ee4c04c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes/E0567.md
+++ b/compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes/E0567.md
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ Generics have been used on an auto trait.
 Erroneous code example:
 
 ```compile_fail,E0567
-#![feature(optin_builtin_traits)]
+#![feature(auto_traits)]
 
 auto trait Generic<T> {} // error!
 # fn main() {}
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ parameters.
 To fix this issue, just remove the generics:
 
 ```
-#![feature(optin_builtin_traits)]
+#![feature(auto_traits)]
 
 auto trait Generic {} // ok!
 # fn main() {}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes/E0568.md b/compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes/E0568.md
index a37381f1cbd..17b3f5e31bd 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes/E0568.md
+++ b/compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes/E0568.md
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ A super trait has been added to an auto trait.
 Erroneous code example:
 
 ```compile_fail,E0568
-#![feature(optin_builtin_traits)]
+#![feature(auto_traits)]
 
 auto trait Bound : Copy {} // error!
 
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ all the existing types could implement `Bound` because very few of them have the
 To fix this issue, just remove the super trait:
 
 ```
-#![feature(optin_builtin_traits)]
+#![feature(auto_traits)]
 
 auto trait Bound {} // ok!
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/base.rs b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/base.rs
index 1c76c31e1a7..b1071bf4308 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/base.rs
@@ -234,6 +234,15 @@ impl Annotatable {
 
     pub fn derive_allowed(&self) -> bool {
         match *self {
+            Annotatable::Stmt(ref stmt) => match stmt.kind {
+                ast::StmtKind::Item(ref item) => match item.kind {
+                    ast::ItemKind::Struct(..)
+                    | ast::ItemKind::Enum(..)
+                    | ast::ItemKind::Union(..) => true,
+                    _ => false,
+                },
+                _ => false,
+            },
             Annotatable::Item(ref item) => match item.kind {
                 ast::ItemKind::Struct(..) | ast::ItemKind::Enum(..) | ast::ItemKind::Union(..) => {
                     true
@@ -365,7 +374,6 @@ macro_rules! make_stmts_default {
                 id: ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID,
                 span: e.span,
                 kind: ast::StmtKind::Expr(e),
-                tokens: None
             }]
         })
     };
@@ -608,7 +616,6 @@ impl MacResult for DummyResult {
             id: ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID,
             kind: ast::StmtKind::Expr(DummyResult::raw_expr(self.span, self.is_error)),
             span: self.span,
-            tokens: None
         }])
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/build.rs b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/build.rs
index 30f0fc6cddf..fe67b401fcc 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/build.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/build.rs
@@ -140,12 +140,7 @@ impl<'a> ExtCtxt<'a> {
     }
 
     pub fn stmt_expr(&self, expr: P<ast::Expr>) -> ast::Stmt {
-        ast::Stmt {
-            id: ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID,
-            span: expr.span,
-            kind: ast::StmtKind::Expr(expr),
-            tokens: None,
-        }
+        ast::Stmt { id: ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID, span: expr.span, kind: ast::StmtKind::Expr(expr) }
     }
 
     pub fn stmt_let(&self, sp: Span, mutbl: bool, ident: Ident, ex: P<ast::Expr>) -> ast::Stmt {
@@ -162,13 +157,9 @@ impl<'a> ExtCtxt<'a> {
             id: ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID,
             span: sp,
             attrs: AttrVec::new(),
-        });
-        ast::Stmt {
-            id: ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID,
-            kind: ast::StmtKind::Local(local),
-            span: sp,
             tokens: None,
-        }
+        });
+        ast::Stmt { id: ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID, kind: ast::StmtKind::Local(local), span: sp }
     }
 
     // Generates `let _: Type;`, which is usually used for type assertions.
@@ -180,17 +171,13 @@ impl<'a> ExtCtxt<'a> {
             id: ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID,
             span,
             attrs: AttrVec::new(),
+            tokens: None,
         });
-        ast::Stmt { id: ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID, kind: ast::StmtKind::Local(local), span, tokens: None }
+        ast::Stmt { id: ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID, kind: ast::StmtKind::Local(local), span }
     }
 
     pub fn stmt_item(&self, sp: Span, item: P<ast::Item>) -> ast::Stmt {
-        ast::Stmt {
-            id: ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID,
-            kind: ast::StmtKind::Item(item),
-            span: sp,
-            tokens: None,
-        }
+        ast::Stmt { id: ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID, kind: ast::StmtKind::Item(item), span: sp }
     }
 
     pub fn block_expr(&self, expr: P<ast::Expr>) -> P<ast::Block> {
@@ -200,7 +187,6 @@ impl<'a> ExtCtxt<'a> {
                 id: ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID,
                 span: expr.span,
                 kind: ast::StmtKind::Expr(expr),
-                tokens: None,
             }],
         )
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/expand.rs b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/expand.rs
index 5be2fee8b38..4ba75c21cf0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/expand.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/expand.rs
@@ -795,7 +795,14 @@ impl<'a, 'b> MacroExpander<'a, 'b> {
             | Annotatable::TraitItem(_)
             | Annotatable::ImplItem(_)
             | Annotatable::ForeignItem(_) => return,
-            Annotatable::Stmt(_) => "statements",
+            Annotatable::Stmt(stmt) => {
+                // Attributes are stable on item statements,
+                // but unstable on all other kinds of statements
+                if stmt.is_item() {
+                    return;
+                }
+                "statements"
+            }
             Annotatable::Expr(_) => "expressions",
             Annotatable::Arm(..)
             | Annotatable::Field(..)
@@ -1266,9 +1273,13 @@ impl<'a, 'b> MutVisitor for InvocationCollector<'a, 'b> {
 
         // we'll expand attributes on expressions separately
         if !stmt.is_expr() {
-            // FIXME: Handle custom attributes on statements (#15701).
-            let attr =
-                if stmt.is_item() { None } else { self.take_first_attr_no_derive(&mut stmt) };
+            let attr = if stmt.is_item() {
+                self.take_first_attr(&mut stmt)
+            } else {
+                // Ignore derives on non-item statements for backwards compatibility.
+                // This will result in a unused attribute warning
+                self.take_first_attr_no_derive(&mut stmt)
+            };
 
             if let Some(attr) = attr {
                 return self
@@ -1278,7 +1289,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b> MutVisitor for InvocationCollector<'a, 'b> {
         }
 
         if let StmtKind::MacCall(mac) = stmt.kind {
-            let MacCallStmt { mac, style, attrs } = mac.into_inner();
+            let MacCallStmt { mac, style, attrs, tokens: _ } = mac.into_inner();
             self.check_attributes(&attrs);
             let mut placeholder =
                 self.collect_bang(mac, stmt.span, AstFragmentKind::Stmts).make_stmts();
@@ -1295,10 +1306,10 @@ impl<'a, 'b> MutVisitor for InvocationCollector<'a, 'b> {
         }
 
         // The placeholder expander gives ids to statements, so we avoid folding the id here.
-        let ast::Stmt { id, kind, span, tokens } = stmt;
+        let ast::Stmt { id, kind, span } = stmt;
         noop_flat_map_stmt_kind(kind, self)
             .into_iter()
-            .map(|kind| ast::Stmt { id, kind, span, tokens: tokens.clone() })
+            .map(|kind| ast::Stmt { id, kind, span })
             .collect()
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/placeholders.rs b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/placeholders.rs
index f0e5826f403..ce19e813bb3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/placeholders.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/placeholders.rs
@@ -104,8 +104,9 @@ pub fn placeholder(
                 mac: mac_placeholder(),
                 style: ast::MacStmtStyle::Braces,
                 attrs: ast::AttrVec::new(),
+                tokens: None,
             });
-            ast::Stmt { id, span, kind: ast::StmtKind::MacCall(mac), tokens: None }
+            ast::Stmt { id, span, kind: ast::StmtKind::MacCall(mac) }
         }]),
         AstFragmentKind::Arms => AstFragment::Arms(smallvec![ast::Arm {
             attrs: Default::default(),
@@ -331,12 +332,8 @@ impl<'a, 'b> MutVisitor for PlaceholderExpander<'a, 'b> {
 
             // FIXME: We will need to preserve the original semicolon token and
             // span as part of #15701
-            let empty_stmt = ast::Stmt {
-                id: ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID,
-                kind: ast::StmtKind::Empty,
-                span: DUMMY_SP,
-                tokens: None,
-            };
+            let empty_stmt =
+                ast::Stmt { id: ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID, kind: ast::StmtKind::Empty, span: DUMMY_SP };
 
             if let Some(stmt) = stmts.pop() {
                 if stmt.has_trailing_semicolon() {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/proc_macro.rs b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/proc_macro.rs
index dea167740ed..36707a1ae27 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/proc_macro.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/proc_macro.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 use crate::base::{self, *};
 use crate::proc_macro_server;
 
+use rustc_ast::ptr::P;
 use rustc_ast::token;
 use rustc_ast::tokenstream::{TokenStream, TokenTree};
 use rustc_ast::{self as ast, *};
@@ -74,8 +75,20 @@ impl MultiItemModifier for ProcMacroDerive {
         _meta_item: &ast::MetaItem,
         item: Annotatable,
     ) -> ExpandResult<Vec<Annotatable>, Annotatable> {
+        // We need special handling for statement items
+        // (e.g. `fn foo() { #[derive(Debug)] struct Bar; }`)
+        let mut is_stmt = false;
         let item = match item {
             Annotatable::Item(item) => token::NtItem(item),
+            Annotatable::Stmt(stmt) => {
+                is_stmt = true;
+                assert!(stmt.is_item());
+
+                // A proc macro can't observe the fact that we're passing
+                // them an `NtStmt` - it can only see the underlying tokens
+                // of the wrapped item
+                token::NtStmt(stmt.into_inner())
+            }
             _ => unreachable!(),
         };
         let input = if item.pretty_printing_compatibility_hack() {
@@ -106,7 +119,13 @@ impl MultiItemModifier for ProcMacroDerive {
         loop {
             match parser.parse_item() {
                 Ok(None) => break,
-                Ok(Some(item)) => items.push(Annotatable::Item(item)),
+                Ok(Some(item)) => {
+                    if is_stmt {
+                        items.push(Annotatable::Stmt(P(ecx.stmt_item(span, item))));
+                    } else {
+                        items.push(Annotatable::Item(item));
+                    }
+                }
                 Err(mut err) => {
                     err.emit();
                     break;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_feature/src/active.rs b/compiler/rustc_feature/src/active.rs
index a0355079247..75337634d3f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_feature/src/active.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_feature/src/active.rs
@@ -149,9 +149,6 @@ declare_features! (
     /// Allows using the `#[linkage = ".."]` attribute.
     (active, linkage, "1.0.0", Some(29603), None),
 
-    /// Allows features specific to OIBIT (auto traits).
-    (active, optin_builtin_traits, "1.0.0", Some(13231), None),
-
     /// Allows using `box` in patterns (RFC 469).
     (active, box_patterns, "1.0.0", Some(29641), None),
 
@@ -215,6 +212,10 @@ declare_features! (
     /// purpose as `#[allow_internal_unstable]`.
     (active, rustc_allow_const_fn_unstable, "1.49.0", Some(69399), None),
 
+    /// Allows features specific to auto traits.
+    /// Renamed from `optin_builtin_traits`.
+    (active, auto_traits, "1.50.0", Some(13231), None),
+
     // no-tracking-issue-end
 
     // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_feature/src/removed.rs b/compiler/rustc_feature/src/removed.rs
index a480ddc7f34..07bd1602cda 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_feature/src/removed.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_feature/src/removed.rs
@@ -71,6 +71,10 @@ declare_features! (
     /// Allows using custom attributes (RFC 572).
     (removed, custom_attribute, "1.0.0", Some(29642), None,
      Some("removed in favor of `#![register_tool]` and `#![register_attr]`")),
+    /// Allows features specific to OIBIT (now called auto traits).
+    /// Renamed to `auto_traits`.
+    (removed, optin_builtin_traits, "1.0.0", Some(13231), None,
+     Some("renamed to `auto_traits`")),
     (removed, pushpop_unsafe, "1.2.0", None, None, None),
     (removed, needs_allocator, "1.4.0", Some(27389), None,
      Some("subsumed by `#![feature(allocator_internals)]`")),
@@ -113,7 +117,6 @@ declare_features! (
      Some("removed in favor of `#![feature(marker_trait_attr)]`")),
     /// Allows `#[no_debug]`.
     (removed, no_debug, "1.43.0", Some(29721), None, Some("removed due to lack of demand")),
-
     /// Allows comparing raw pointers during const eval.
     (removed, const_compare_raw_pointers, "1.46.0", Some(53020), None,
      Some("cannot be allowed in const eval in any meaningful way")),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/arena.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/arena.rs
index 85ab7906d25..44dfdcfccab 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/arena.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/arena.rs
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ macro_rules! arena_types {
             [] field_pat: rustc_hir::FieldPat<$tcx>,
             [] fn_decl: rustc_hir::FnDecl<$tcx>,
             [] foreign_item: rustc_hir::ForeignItem<$tcx>,
+            [few] foreign_item_ref: rustc_hir::ForeignItemRef<$tcx>,
             [] impl_item_ref: rustc_hir::ImplItemRef<$tcx>,
             [few] inline_asm: rustc_hir::InlineAsm<$tcx>,
             [few] llvm_inline_asm: rustc_hir::LlvmInlineAsm<$tcx>,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir.rs
index 4497c8c0eaa..f01d4417105 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir.rs
@@ -579,6 +579,7 @@ pub struct ModuleItems {
     pub items: BTreeSet<HirId>,
     pub trait_items: BTreeSet<TraitItemId>,
     pub impl_items: BTreeSet<ImplItemId>,
+    pub foreign_items: BTreeSet<ForeignItemId>,
 }
 
 /// A type representing only the top-level module.
@@ -612,6 +613,7 @@ pub struct Crate<'hir> {
 
     pub trait_items: BTreeMap<TraitItemId, TraitItem<'hir>>,
     pub impl_items: BTreeMap<ImplItemId, ImplItem<'hir>>,
+    pub foreign_items: BTreeMap<ForeignItemId, ForeignItem<'hir>>,
     pub bodies: BTreeMap<BodyId, Body<'hir>>,
     pub trait_impls: BTreeMap<DefId, Vec<HirId>>,
 
@@ -644,6 +646,10 @@ impl Crate<'hir> {
         &self.impl_items[&id]
     }
 
+    pub fn foreign_item(&self, id: ForeignItemId) -> &ForeignItem<'hir> {
+        &self.foreign_items[&id]
+    }
+
     pub fn body(&self, id: BodyId) -> &Body<'hir> {
         &self.bodies[&id]
     }
@@ -673,6 +679,10 @@ impl Crate<'_> {
         for impl_item in self.impl_items.values() {
             visitor.visit_impl_item(impl_item);
         }
+
+        for foreign_item in self.foreign_items.values() {
+            visitor.visit_foreign_item(foreign_item);
+        }
     }
 
     /// A parallel version of `visit_all_item_likes`.
@@ -695,6 +705,11 @@ impl Crate<'_> {
                 par_for_each_in(&self.impl_items, |(_, impl_item)| {
                     visitor.visit_impl_item(impl_item);
                 });
+            },
+            {
+                par_for_each_in(&self.foreign_items, |(_, foreign_item)| {
+                    visitor.visit_foreign_item(foreign_item);
+                });
             }
         );
     }
@@ -1840,7 +1855,7 @@ pub struct FnSig<'hir> {
 }
 
 // The bodies for items are stored "out of line", in a separate
-// hashmap in the `Crate`. Here we just record the node-id of the item
+// hashmap in the `Crate`. Here we just record the hir-id of the item
 // so it can fetched later.
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Encodable, Debug)]
 pub struct TraitItemId {
@@ -1884,7 +1899,7 @@ pub enum TraitItemKind<'hir> {
 }
 
 // The bodies for items are stored "out of line", in a separate
-// hashmap in the `Crate`. Here we just record the node-id of the item
+// hashmap in the `Crate`. Here we just record the hir-id of the item
 // so it can fetched later.
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Encodable, Debug)]
 pub struct ImplItemId {
@@ -2269,12 +2284,6 @@ pub struct Mod<'hir> {
     pub item_ids: &'hir [ItemId],
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
-pub struct ForeignMod<'hir> {
-    pub abi: Abi,
-    pub items: &'hir [ForeignItem<'hir>],
-}
-
 #[derive(Encodable, Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
 pub struct GlobalAsm {
     pub asm: Symbol,
@@ -2432,7 +2441,7 @@ impl VariantData<'hir> {
 }
 
 // The bodies for items are stored "out of line", in a separate
-// hashmap in the `Crate`. Here we just record the node-id of the item
+// hashmap in the `Crate`. Here we just record the hir-id of the item
 // so it can fetched later.
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Encodable, Debug)]
 pub struct ItemId {
@@ -2521,7 +2530,7 @@ pub enum ItemKind<'hir> {
     /// A module.
     Mod(Mod<'hir>),
     /// An external module, e.g. `extern { .. }`.
-    ForeignMod(ForeignMod<'hir>),
+    ForeignMod { abi: Abi, items: &'hir [ForeignItemRef<'hir>] },
     /// Module-level inline assembly (from `global_asm!`).
     GlobalAsm(&'hir GlobalAsm),
     /// A type alias, e.g., `type Foo = Bar<u8>`.
@@ -2614,6 +2623,29 @@ pub enum AssocItemKind {
     Type,
 }
 
+// The bodies for items are stored "out of line", in a separate
+// hashmap in the `Crate`. Here we just record the hir-id of the item
+// so it can fetched later.
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Encodable, Debug)]
+pub struct ForeignItemId {
+    pub hir_id: HirId,
+}
+
+/// A reference from a foreign block to one of its items. This
+/// contains the item's ID, naturally, but also the item's name and
+/// some other high-level details (like whether it is an associated
+/// type or method, and whether it is public). This allows other
+/// passes to find the impl they want without loading the ID (which
+/// means fewer edges in the incremental compilation graph).
+#[derive(Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
+pub struct ForeignItemRef<'hir> {
+    pub id: ForeignItemId,
+    #[stable_hasher(project(name))]
+    pub ident: Ident,
+    pub span: Span,
+    pub vis: Visibility<'hir>,
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
 pub struct ForeignItem<'hir> {
     #[stable_hasher(project(name))]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/intravisit.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/intravisit.rs
index 35615af0fc7..3e8fc689acf 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/intravisit.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/intravisit.rs
@@ -64,6 +64,10 @@ where
     fn visit_impl_item(&mut self, impl_item: &'hir ImplItem<'hir>) {
         self.visitor.visit_impl_item(impl_item);
     }
+
+    fn visit_foreign_item(&mut self, foreign_item: &'hir ForeignItem<'hir>) {
+        self.visitor.visit_foreign_item(foreign_item);
+    }
 }
 
 pub trait IntoVisitor<'hir> {
@@ -88,6 +92,10 @@ where
     fn visit_impl_item(&self, impl_item: &'hir ImplItem<'hir>) {
         self.0.into_visitor().visit_impl_item(impl_item);
     }
+
+    fn visit_foreign_item(&self, foreign_item: &'hir ForeignItem<'hir>) {
+        self.0.into_visitor().visit_foreign_item(foreign_item);
+    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
@@ -128,6 +136,7 @@ pub trait Map<'hir> {
     fn item(&self, id: HirId) -> &'hir Item<'hir>;
     fn trait_item(&self, id: TraitItemId) -> &'hir TraitItem<'hir>;
     fn impl_item(&self, id: ImplItemId) -> &'hir ImplItem<'hir>;
+    fn foreign_item(&self, id: ForeignItemId) -> &'hir ForeignItem<'hir>;
 }
 
 /// An erased version of `Map<'hir>`, using dynamic dispatch.
@@ -150,6 +159,9 @@ impl<'hir> Map<'hir> for ErasedMap<'hir> {
     fn impl_item(&self, id: ImplItemId) -> &'hir ImplItem<'hir> {
         self.0.impl_item(id)
     }
+    fn foreign_item(&self, id: ForeignItemId) -> &'hir ForeignItem<'hir> {
+        self.0.foreign_item(id)
+    }
 }
 
 /// Specifies what nested things a visitor wants to visit. The most
@@ -277,6 +289,14 @@ pub trait Visitor<'v>: Sized {
         walk_list!(self, visit_impl_item, opt_item);
     }
 
+    /// Like `visit_nested_item()`, but for foreign items. See
+    /// `visit_nested_item()` for advice on when to override this
+    /// method.
+    fn visit_nested_foreign_item(&mut self, id: ForeignItemId) {
+        let opt_item = self.nested_visit_map().inter().map(|map| map.foreign_item(id));
+        walk_list!(self, visit_foreign_item, opt_item);
+    }
+
     /// Invoked to visit the body of a function, method or closure. Like
     /// visit_nested_item, does nothing by default unless you override
     /// `nested_visit_map` to return other than `None`, in which case it will walk
@@ -378,6 +398,9 @@ pub trait Visitor<'v>: Sized {
     fn visit_impl_item(&mut self, ii: &'v ImplItem<'v>) {
         walk_impl_item(self, ii)
     }
+    fn visit_foreign_item_ref(&mut self, ii: &'v ForeignItemRef<'v>) {
+        walk_foreign_item_ref(self, ii)
+    }
     fn visit_impl_item_ref(&mut self, ii: &'v ImplItemRef<'v>) {
         walk_impl_item_ref(self, ii)
     }
@@ -566,9 +589,9 @@ pub fn walk_item<'v, V: Visitor<'v>>(visitor: &mut V, item: &'v Item<'v>) {
             // `visit_mod()` takes care of visiting the `Item`'s `HirId`.
             visitor.visit_mod(module, item.span, item.hir_id)
         }
-        ItemKind::ForeignMod(ref foreign_module) => {
+        ItemKind::ForeignMod { abi: _, items } => {
             visitor.visit_id(item.hir_id);
-            walk_list!(visitor, visit_foreign_item, foreign_module.items);
+            walk_list!(visitor, visit_foreign_item_ref, items);
         }
         ItemKind::GlobalAsm(_) => {
             visitor.visit_id(item.hir_id);
@@ -1012,6 +1035,17 @@ pub fn walk_impl_item<'v, V: Visitor<'v>>(visitor: &mut V, impl_item: &'v ImplIt
     }
 }
 
+pub fn walk_foreign_item_ref<'v, V: Visitor<'v>>(
+    visitor: &mut V,
+    foreign_item_ref: &'v ForeignItemRef<'v>,
+) {
+    // N.B., deliberately force a compilation error if/when new fields are added.
+    let ForeignItemRef { id, ident, span: _, ref vis } = *foreign_item_ref;
+    visitor.visit_nested_foreign_item(id);
+    visitor.visit_ident(ident);
+    visitor.visit_vis(vis);
+}
+
 pub fn walk_impl_item_ref<'v, V: Visitor<'v>>(visitor: &mut V, impl_item_ref: &'v ImplItemRef<'v>) {
     // N.B., deliberately force a compilation error if/when new fields are added.
     let ImplItemRef { id, ident, ref kind, span: _, ref vis, ref defaultness } = *impl_item_ref;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/itemlikevisit.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/itemlikevisit.rs
index 369cd49621b..0db562f91a6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/itemlikevisit.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/itemlikevisit.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use super::{ImplItem, Item, TraitItem};
+use super::{ForeignItem, ImplItem, Item, TraitItem};
 
 /// The "item-like visitor" defines only the top-level methods
 /// that can be invoked by `Crate::visit_all_item_likes()`. Whether
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ pub trait ItemLikeVisitor<'hir> {
     fn visit_item(&mut self, item: &'hir Item<'hir>);
     fn visit_trait_item(&mut self, trait_item: &'hir TraitItem<'hir>);
     fn visit_impl_item(&mut self, impl_item: &'hir ImplItem<'hir>);
+    fn visit_foreign_item(&mut self, foreign_item: &'hir ForeignItem<'hir>);
 }
 
 /// A parallel variant of `ItemLikeVisitor`.
@@ -54,4 +55,5 @@ pub trait ParItemLikeVisitor<'hir> {
     fn visit_item(&self, item: &'hir Item<'hir>);
     fn visit_trait_item(&self, trait_item: &'hir TraitItem<'hir>);
     fn visit_impl_item(&self, impl_item: &'hir ImplItem<'hir>);
+    fn visit_foreign_item(&self, foreign_item: &'hir ForeignItem<'hir>);
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/stable_hash_impls.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/stable_hash_impls.rs
index 1d3f44a0899..439fb88039b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/stable_hash_impls.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/stable_hash_impls.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 use rustc_data_structures::stable_hasher::{HashStable, StableHasher, ToStableHashKey};
 
 use crate::hir::{
-    BodyId, Expr, ImplItem, ImplItemId, Item, ItemId, Mod, TraitItem, TraitItemId, Ty,
-    VisibilityKind,
+    BodyId, Expr, ForeignItemId, ImplItem, ImplItemId, Item, ItemId, Mod, TraitItem, TraitItemId,
+    Ty, VisibilityKind,
 };
 use crate::hir_id::{HirId, ItemLocalId};
 use rustc_span::def_id::{DefPathHash, LocalDefId};
@@ -52,6 +52,15 @@ impl<HirCtx: crate::HashStableContext> ToStableHashKey<HirCtx> for ImplItemId {
     }
 }
 
+impl<HirCtx: crate::HashStableContext> ToStableHashKey<HirCtx> for ForeignItemId {
+    type KeyType = (DefPathHash, ItemLocalId);
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn to_stable_hash_key(&self, hcx: &HirCtx) -> (DefPathHash, ItemLocalId) {
+        self.hir_id.to_stable_hash_key(hcx)
+    }
+}
+
 impl<HirCtx: crate::HashStableContext> HashStable<HirCtx> for HirId {
     fn hash_stable(&self, hcx: &mut HirCtx, hasher: &mut StableHasher) {
         hcx.hash_hir_id(*self, hasher)
@@ -77,6 +86,12 @@ impl<HirCtx: crate::HashStableContext> HashStable<HirCtx> for ItemId {
     }
 }
 
+impl<HirCtx: crate::HashStableContext> HashStable<HirCtx> for ForeignItemId {
+    fn hash_stable(&self, hcx: &mut HirCtx, hasher: &mut StableHasher) {
+        hcx.hash_reference_to_item(self.hir_id, hasher)
+    }
+}
+
 impl<HirCtx: crate::HashStableContext> HashStable<HirCtx> for ImplItemId {
     fn hash_stable(&self, hcx: &mut HirCtx, hasher: &mut StableHasher) {
         hcx.hash_reference_to_item(self.hir_id, hasher)
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/target.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/target.rs
index fd6a312ef3a..b870e4c6ead 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/target.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/target.rs
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ impl Target {
             ItemKind::Const(..) => Target::Const,
             ItemKind::Fn(..) => Target::Fn,
             ItemKind::Mod(..) => Target::Mod,
-            ItemKind::ForeignMod(..) => Target::ForeignMod,
+            ItemKind::ForeignMod { .. } => Target::ForeignMod,
             ItemKind::GlobalAsm(..) => Target::GlobalAsm,
             ItemKind::TyAlias(..) => Target::TyAlias,
             ItemKind::OpaqueTy(..) => Target::OpaqueTy,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_pretty/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_pretty/src/lib.rs
index f7018ae62aa..25b09d76295 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_pretty/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_pretty/src/lib.rs
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ pub enum Nested {
     Item(hir::ItemId),
     TraitItem(hir::TraitItemId),
     ImplItem(hir::ImplItemId),
+    ForeignItem(hir::ForeignItemId),
     Body(hir::BodyId),
     BodyParamPat(hir::BodyId, usize),
 }
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ impl PpAnn for hir::Crate<'_> {
             Nested::Item(id) => state.print_item(self.item(id.id)),
             Nested::TraitItem(id) => state.print_trait_item(self.trait_item(id)),
             Nested::ImplItem(id) => state.print_impl_item(self.impl_item(id)),
+            Nested::ForeignItem(id) => state.print_foreign_item(self.foreign_item(id)),
             Nested::Body(id) => state.print_expr(&self.body(id).value),
             Nested::BodyParamPat(id, i) => state.print_pat(&self.body(id).params[i].pat),
         }
@@ -70,6 +72,7 @@ impl PpAnn for &dyn rustc_hir::intravisit::Map<'_> {
             Nested::Item(id) => state.print_item(self.item(id.id)),
             Nested::TraitItem(id) => state.print_trait_item(self.trait_item(id)),
             Nested::ImplItem(id) => state.print_impl_item(self.impl_item(id)),
+            Nested::ForeignItem(id) => state.print_foreign_item(self.foreign_item(id)),
             Nested::Body(id) => state.print_expr(&self.body(id).value),
             Nested::BodyParamPat(id, i) => state.print_pat(&self.body(id).params[i].pat),
         }
@@ -349,13 +352,6 @@ impl<'a> State<'a> {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn print_foreign_mod(&mut self, nmod: &hir::ForeignMod<'_>, attrs: &[ast::Attribute]) {
-        self.print_inner_attributes(attrs);
-        for item in nmod.items {
-            self.print_foreign_item(item);
-        }
-    }
-
     pub fn print_opt_lifetime(&mut self, lifetime: &hir::Lifetime) {
         if !lifetime.is_elided() {
             self.print_lifetime(lifetime);
@@ -644,11 +640,14 @@ impl<'a> State<'a> {
                 self.print_mod(_mod, &item.attrs);
                 self.bclose(item.span);
             }
-            hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod(ref nmod) => {
+            hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod { abi, items } => {
                 self.head("extern");
-                self.word_nbsp(nmod.abi.to_string());
+                self.word_nbsp(abi.to_string());
                 self.bopen();
-                self.print_foreign_mod(nmod, &item.attrs);
+                self.print_inner_attributes(item.attrs);
+                for item in items {
+                    self.ann.nested(self, Nested::ForeignItem(item.id));
+                }
                 self.bclose(item.span);
             }
             hir::ItemKind::GlobalAsm(ref ga) => {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/dirty_clean.rs b/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/dirty_clean.rs
index d55813f4cc5..e1c60050d94 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/dirty_clean.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/dirty_clean.rs
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ impl DirtyCleanVisitor<'tcx> {
                     HirItem::Mod(..) => ("ItemMod", LABELS_HIR_ONLY),
 
                     // // An external module
-                    HirItem::ForeignMod(..) => ("ItemForeignMod", LABELS_HIR_ONLY),
+                    HirItem::ForeignMod { .. } => ("ItemForeignMod", LABELS_HIR_ONLY),
 
                     // Module-level inline assembly (from global_asm!)
                     HirItem::GlobalAsm(..) => ("ItemGlobalAsm", LABELS_HIR_ONLY),
@@ -460,6 +460,10 @@ impl ItemLikeVisitor<'tcx> for DirtyCleanVisitor<'tcx> {
     fn visit_impl_item(&mut self, item: &hir::ImplItem<'_>) {
         self.check_item(item.hir_id, item.span);
     }
+
+    fn visit_foreign_item(&mut self, item: &hir::ForeignItem<'_>) {
+        self.check_item(item.hir_id, item.span);
+    }
 }
 
 /// Given a `#[rustc_dirty]` or `#[rustc_clean]` attribute, scan
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/load.rs b/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/load.rs
index 578c045a2b4..201f381f889 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/load.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/load.rs
@@ -199,9 +199,14 @@ pub fn load_dep_graph(sess: &Session) -> DepGraphFuture {
     }))
 }
 
-pub fn load_query_result_cache(sess: &Session) -> OnDiskCache<'_> {
+/// Attempts to load the query result cache from disk
+///
+/// If we are not in incremental compilation mode, returns `None`.
+/// Otherwise, tries to load the query result cache from disk,
+/// creating an empty cache if it could not be loaded.
+pub fn load_query_result_cache(sess: &Session) -> Option<OnDiskCache<'_>> {
     if sess.opts.incremental.is_none() {
-        return OnDiskCache::new_empty(sess.source_map());
+        return None;
     }
 
     let _prof_timer = sess.prof.generic_activity("incr_comp_load_query_result_cache");
@@ -211,7 +216,9 @@ pub fn load_query_result_cache(sess: &Session) -> OnDiskCache<'_> {
         &query_cache_path(sess),
         sess.is_nightly_build(),
     ) {
-        LoadResult::Ok { data: (bytes, start_pos) } => OnDiskCache::new(sess, bytes, start_pos),
-        _ => OnDiskCache::new_empty(sess.source_map()),
+        LoadResult::Ok { data: (bytes, start_pos) } => {
+            Some(OnDiskCache::new(sess, bytes, start_pos))
+        }
+        _ => Some(OnDiskCache::new_empty(sess.source_map())),
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/need_type_info.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/need_type_info.rs
index fd8f46a6926..373f0a602c0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/need_type_info.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/need_type_info.rs
@@ -124,6 +124,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for FindHirNodeVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
                 return;
             }
         }
+
+        // FIXME(const_generics): Currently, any uninferred `const` generics arguments
+        // are handled specially, but instead they should be handled in `annotate_method_call`,
+        // which currently doesn't work because this evaluates to `false` for const arguments.
+        // See https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/77758 for more details.
         if self.node_ty_contains_target(expr.hir_id).is_some() {
             match expr.kind {
                 ExprKind::Closure(..) => self.found_closure = Some(&expr),
@@ -345,11 +350,6 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
     ) -> DiagnosticBuilder<'tcx> {
         let arg = self.resolve_vars_if_possible(arg);
         let arg_data = self.extract_inference_diagnostics_data(arg, None);
-        let kind_str = match arg.unpack() {
-            GenericArgKind::Type(_) => "type",
-            GenericArgKind::Const(_) => "the value",
-            GenericArgKind::Lifetime(_) => bug!("unexpected lifetime"),
-        };
 
         let mut local_visitor = FindHirNodeVisitor::new(&self, arg, span);
         let ty_to_string = |ty: Ty<'tcx>| -> String {
@@ -618,6 +618,28 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             .any(|span_label| span_label.label.is_some() && span_label.span == span)
             && local_visitor.found_arg_pattern.is_none()
         {
+            let (kind_str, const_value) = match arg.unpack() {
+                GenericArgKind::Type(_) => ("type", None),
+                GenericArgKind::Const(_) => ("the value", Some(())),
+                GenericArgKind::Lifetime(_) => bug!("unexpected lifetime"),
+            };
+
+            // FIXME(const_generics): we would like to handle const arguments
+            // as part of the normal diagnostics flow below, but there appear to
+            // be subtleties in doing so, so for now we special-case const args
+            // here.
+            if let Some(suggestion) = const_value
+                .and_then(|_| arg_data.parent_name.as_ref())
+                .map(|parent| format!("{}::<{}>", parent, arg_data.name))
+            {
+                err.span_suggestion_verbose(
+                    span,
+                    "consider specifying the const argument",
+                    suggestion,
+                    Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
+                );
+            }
+
             // Avoid multiple labels pointing at `span`.
             err.span_label(
                 span,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/interface.rs b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/interface.rs
index 73a51ad477b..11dd6ec32c0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/interface.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/interface.rs
@@ -56,6 +56,9 @@ impl Compiler {
     pub fn output_file(&self) -> &Option<PathBuf> {
         &self.output_file
     }
+    pub fn register_lints(&self) -> &Option<Box<dyn Fn(&Session, &mut LintStore) + Send + Sync>> {
+        &self.register_lints
+    }
     pub fn build_output_filenames(
         &self,
         sess: &Session,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/passes.rs b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/passes.rs
index 5fd560d7eff..1f820024f77 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/passes.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/passes.rs
@@ -816,6 +816,7 @@ fn analysis(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, cnum: CrateNum) -> Result<()> {
                     let local_def_id = tcx.hir().local_def_id(module);
                     tcx.ensure().check_mod_loops(local_def_id);
                     tcx.ensure().check_mod_attrs(local_def_id);
+                    tcx.ensure().check_mod_naked_functions(local_def_id);
                     tcx.ensure().check_mod_unstable_api_usage(local_def_id);
                     tcx.ensure().check_mod_const_bodies(local_def_id);
                 });
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/proc_macro_decls.rs b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/proc_macro_decls.rs
index d56115fd6ac..de08a4c8242 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/proc_macro_decls.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/proc_macro_decls.rs
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ impl<'v> ItemLikeVisitor<'v> for Finder<'_> {
     fn visit_trait_item(&mut self, _trait_item: &hir::TraitItem<'_>) {}
 
     fn visit_impl_item(&mut self, _impl_item: &hir::ImplItem<'_>) {}
+
+    fn visit_foreign_item(&mut self, _foreign_item: &hir::ForeignItem<'_>) {}
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/tests.rs b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/tests.rs
index 92262050b8c..2273266a3ff 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/tests.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/tests.rs
@@ -498,7 +498,6 @@ fn test_debugging_options_tracking_hash() {
     untracked!(no_parallel_llvm, true);
     untracked!(parse_only, true);
     untracked!(perf_stats, true);
-    untracked!(polonius, true);
     // `pre_link_arg` is omitted because it just forwards to `pre_link_args`.
     untracked!(pre_link_args, vec![String::from("abc"), String::from("def")]);
     untracked!(print_link_args, true);
@@ -572,6 +571,7 @@ fn test_debugging_options_tracking_hash() {
     tracked!(osx_rpath_install_name, true);
     tracked!(panic_abort_tests, true);
     tracked!(plt, Some(true));
+    tracked!(polonius, true);
     tracked!(precise_enum_drop_elaboration, false);
     tracked!(print_fuel, Some("abc".to_string()));
     tracked!(profile, true);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/util.rs b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/util.rs
index 20a7b47313e..f34990a1a10 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/util.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/util.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 use rustc_ast::mut_visit::{visit_clobber, MutVisitor, *};
 use rustc_ast::ptr::P;
-use rustc_ast::util::lev_distance::find_best_match_for_name;
 use rustc_ast::{self as ast, AttrVec, BlockCheckMode};
 use rustc_codegen_ssa::traits::CodegenBackend;
 use rustc_data_structures::fingerprint::Fingerprint;
@@ -20,6 +19,7 @@ use rustc_session::parse::CrateConfig;
 use rustc_session::CrateDisambiguator;
 use rustc_session::{early_error, filesearch, output, DiagnosticOutput, Session};
 use rustc_span::edition::Edition;
+use rustc_span::lev_distance::find_best_match_for_name;
 use rustc_span::source_map::FileLoader;
 use rustc_span::symbol::{sym, Symbol};
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
@@ -512,8 +512,11 @@ pub(crate) fn check_attr_crate_type(
 
                 if let ast::MetaItemKind::NameValue(spanned) = a.meta().unwrap().kind {
                     let span = spanned.span;
-                    let lev_candidate =
-                        find_best_match_for_name(CRATE_TYPES.iter().map(|(k, _)| k), n, None);
+                    let lev_candidate = find_best_match_for_name(
+                        &CRATE_TYPES.iter().map(|(k, _)| *k).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+                        n,
+                        None,
+                    );
                     if let Some(candidate) = lev_candidate {
                         lint_buffer.buffer_lint_with_diagnostic(
                             lint::builtin::UNKNOWN_CRATE_TYPES,
@@ -807,7 +810,6 @@ impl<'a> MutVisitor for ReplaceBodyWithLoop<'a, '_> {
                 id: resolver.next_node_id(),
                 kind: ast::StmtKind::Expr(expr),
                 span: rustc_span::DUMMY_SP,
-                tokens: None,
             }
         }
 
@@ -824,7 +826,6 @@ impl<'a> MutVisitor for ReplaceBodyWithLoop<'a, '_> {
             id: self.resolver.next_node_id(),
             span: rustc_span::DUMMY_SP,
             kind: ast::StmtKind::Expr(loop_expr),
-            tokens: None,
         };
 
         if self.within_static_or_const {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/builtin.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/builtin.rs
index c65cf65b1c7..676c85e4afd 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/builtin.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/builtin.rs
@@ -2345,7 +2345,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for InvalidValue {
         enum InitKind {
             Zeroed,
             Uninit,
-        };
+        }
 
         /// Information about why a type cannot be initialized this way.
         /// Contains an error message and optionally a span to point at.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/context.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/context.rs
index 4cfeb0d968b..16563d21ff1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/context.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/context.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ use self::TargetLint::*;
 use crate::levels::LintLevelsBuilder;
 use crate::passes::{EarlyLintPassObject, LateLintPassObject};
 use rustc_ast as ast;
-use rustc_ast::util::lev_distance::find_best_match_for_name;
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashMap;
 use rustc_data_structures::sync;
 use rustc_errors::{add_elided_lifetime_in_path_suggestion, struct_span_err, Applicability};
@@ -37,6 +36,7 @@ use rustc_session::lint::BuiltinLintDiagnostics;
 use rustc_session::lint::{FutureIncompatibleInfo, Level, Lint, LintBuffer, LintId};
 use rustc_session::Session;
 use rustc_session::SessionLintStore;
+use rustc_span::lev_distance::find_best_match_for_name;
 use rustc_span::{symbol::Symbol, MultiSpan, Span, DUMMY_SP};
 use rustc_target::abi::LayoutOf;
 
@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ impl LintStore {
                         self.by_name.keys().map(|name| Symbol::intern(&name)).collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
                     let suggestion = find_best_match_for_name(
-                        symbols.iter(),
+                        &symbols,
                         Symbol::intern(&lint_name.to_lowercase()),
                         None,
                     );
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/redundant_semicolon.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/redundant_semicolon.rs
index 84cc7b68d4c..428198cae89 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/redundant_semicolon.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/redundant_semicolon.rs
@@ -28,25 +28,40 @@ declare_lint_pass!(RedundantSemicolons => [REDUNDANT_SEMICOLONS]);
 
 impl EarlyLintPass for RedundantSemicolons {
     fn check_block(&mut self, cx: &EarlyContext<'_>, block: &Block) {
+        let mut after_item_stmt = false;
         let mut seq = None;
         for stmt in block.stmts.iter() {
             match (&stmt.kind, &mut seq) {
                 (StmtKind::Empty, None) => seq = Some((stmt.span, false)),
                 (StmtKind::Empty, Some(seq)) => *seq = (seq.0.to(stmt.span), true),
-                (_, seq) => maybe_lint_redundant_semis(cx, seq),
+                (_, seq) => {
+                    maybe_lint_redundant_semis(cx, seq, after_item_stmt);
+                    after_item_stmt = matches!(stmt.kind, StmtKind::Item(_));
+                }
             }
         }
-        maybe_lint_redundant_semis(cx, &mut seq);
+        maybe_lint_redundant_semis(cx, &mut seq, after_item_stmt);
     }
 }
 
-fn maybe_lint_redundant_semis(cx: &EarlyContext<'_>, seq: &mut Option<(Span, bool)>) {
+fn maybe_lint_redundant_semis(
+    cx: &EarlyContext<'_>,
+    seq: &mut Option<(Span, bool)>,
+    after_item_stmt: bool,
+) {
     if let Some((span, multiple)) = seq.take() {
         // FIXME: Find a better way of ignoring the trailing
         // semicolon from macro expansion
         if span == rustc_span::DUMMY_SP {
             return;
         }
+
+        // FIXME: Lint on semicolons after item statements
+        // once doing so doesn't break bootstrapping
+        if after_item_stmt {
+            return;
+        }
+
         cx.struct_span_lint(REDUNDANT_SEMICOLONS, span, |lint| {
             let (msg, rem) = if multiple {
                 ("unnecessary trailing semicolons", "remove these semicolons")
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/types.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/types.rs
index 38c71e6e925..9ad9d53cd0d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/types.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/types.rs
@@ -1131,7 +1131,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ImproperCTypesVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
     fn check_for_opaque_ty(&mut self, sp: Span, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> bool {
         struct ProhibitOpaqueTypes<'a, 'tcx> {
             cx: &'a LateContext<'tcx>,
-        };
+        }
 
         impl<'a, 'tcx> ty::fold::TypeVisitor<'tcx> for ProhibitOpaqueTypes<'a, 'tcx> {
             type BreakTy = Ty<'tcx>;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_llvm/llvm-wrapper/CoverageMappingWrapper.cpp b/compiler/rustc_llvm/llvm-wrapper/CoverageMappingWrapper.cpp
index 2b1143a4ecf..25badc3f4e1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_llvm/llvm-wrapper/CoverageMappingWrapper.cpp
+++ b/compiler/rustc_llvm/llvm-wrapper/CoverageMappingWrapper.cpp
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 #include "llvm/ProfileData/Coverage/CoverageMappingWriter.h"
 #include "llvm/ProfileData/InstrProf.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/ArrayRef.h"
-#include "llvm/Support/LEB128.h"
 
 #include <iostream>
 
@@ -13,15 +12,14 @@ extern "C" void LLVMRustCoverageWriteFilenamesSectionToBuffer(
     const char* const Filenames[],
     size_t FilenamesLen,
     RustStringRef BufferOut) {
-  // LLVM 11's CoverageFilenamesSectionWriter uses its new `Version4` format,
-  // so we're manually writing the `Version3` format ourselves.
-  RawRustStringOstream OS(BufferOut);
-  encodeULEB128(FilenamesLen, OS);
+  SmallVector<StringRef,32> FilenameRefs;
   for (size_t i = 0; i < FilenamesLen; i++) {
-    StringRef Filename(Filenames[i]);
-    encodeULEB128(Filename.size(), OS);
-    OS << Filename;
+    FilenameRefs.push_back(StringRef(Filenames[i]));
   }
+  auto FilenamesWriter = coverage::CoverageFilenamesSectionWriter(
+    makeArrayRef(FilenameRefs));
+  RawRustStringOstream OS(BufferOut);
+  FilenamesWriter.write(OS);
 }
 
 extern "C" void LLVMRustCoverageWriteMappingToBuffer(
@@ -45,20 +43,40 @@ extern "C" LLVMValueRef LLVMRustCoverageCreatePGOFuncNameVar(LLVMValueRef F, con
   return wrap(createPGOFuncNameVar(*cast<Function>(unwrap(F)), FuncNameRef));
 }
 
-extern "C" uint64_t LLVMRustCoverageComputeHash(const char *Name) {
-  StringRef NameRef(Name);
-  return IndexedInstrProf::ComputeHash(NameRef);
+extern "C" uint64_t LLVMRustCoverageHashCString(const char *StrVal) {
+  StringRef StrRef(StrVal);
+  return IndexedInstrProf::ComputeHash(StrRef);
+}
+
+extern "C" uint64_t LLVMRustCoverageHashByteArray(
+    const char *Bytes,
+    unsigned NumBytes) {
+  StringRef StrRef(Bytes, NumBytes);
+  return IndexedInstrProf::ComputeHash(StrRef);
 }
 
-extern "C" void LLVMRustCoverageWriteSectionNameToString(LLVMModuleRef M,
-                                                         RustStringRef Str) {
+static void WriteSectionNameToString(LLVMModuleRef M,
+                                     InstrProfSectKind SK,
+                                     RustStringRef Str) {
   Triple TargetTriple(unwrap(M)->getTargetTriple());
-  auto name = getInstrProfSectionName(IPSK_covmap,
-                                      TargetTriple.getObjectFormat());
+  auto name = getInstrProfSectionName(SK, TargetTriple.getObjectFormat());
   RawRustStringOstream OS(Str);
   OS << name;
 }
 
+extern "C" void LLVMRustCoverageWriteMapSectionNameToString(LLVMModuleRef M,
+                                                            RustStringRef Str) {
+  WriteSectionNameToString(M, IPSK_covmap, Str);
+}
+
+extern "C" void LLVMRustCoverageWriteFuncSectionNameToString(LLVMModuleRef M,
+                                                             RustStringRef Str) {
+#if LLVM_VERSION_GE(11, 0)
+  WriteSectionNameToString(M, IPSK_covfun, Str);
+// else do nothing; the `Version` check will abort codegen on the Rust side
+#endif
+}
+
 extern "C" void LLVMRustCoverageWriteMappingVarNameToString(RustStringRef Str) {
   auto name = getCoverageMappingVarName();
   RawRustStringOstream OS(Str);
@@ -66,5 +84,9 @@ extern "C" void LLVMRustCoverageWriteMappingVarNameToString(RustStringRef Str) {
 }
 
 extern "C" uint32_t LLVMRustCoverageMappingVersion() {
+#if LLVM_VERSION_GE(11, 0)
+  return coverage::CovMapVersion::Version4;
+#else
   return coverage::CovMapVersion::Version3;
+#endif
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_llvm/llvm-wrapper/RustWrapper.cpp b/compiler/rustc_llvm/llvm-wrapper/RustWrapper.cpp
index 9b0c176b692..e17f933932e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_llvm/llvm-wrapper/RustWrapper.cpp
+++ b/compiler/rustc_llvm/llvm-wrapper/RustWrapper.cpp
@@ -1462,7 +1462,7 @@ extern "C" void LLVMRustSetComdat(LLVMModuleRef M, LLVMValueRef V,
                                   const char *Name, size_t NameLen) {
   Triple TargetTriple(unwrap(M)->getTargetTriple());
   GlobalObject *GV = unwrap<GlobalObject>(V);
-  if (!TargetTriple.isOSBinFormatMachO()) {
+  if (TargetTriple.supportsCOMDAT()) {
     StringRef NameRef(Name, NameLen);
     GV->setComdat(unwrap(M)->getOrInsertComdat(NameRef));
   }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_macros/src/query.rs b/compiler/rustc_macros/src/query.rs
index fd859196369..12990ae2d94 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_macros/src/query.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_macros/src/query.rs
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ fn add_query_description_impl(
                     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
                     id: SerializedDepNodeIndex
                 ) -> Option<Self::Value> {
-                    tcx.queries.on_disk_cache.try_load_query_result(tcx, id)
+                    tcx.queries.on_disk_cache.as_ref().and_then(|c| c.try_load_query_result(tcx, id))
                 }
             }
         };
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/foreign_modules.rs b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/foreign_modules.rs
index 8675197656a..4785b6c379c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/foreign_modules.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/foreign_modules.rs
@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@ struct Collector<'tcx> {
 
 impl ItemLikeVisitor<'tcx> for Collector<'tcx> {
     fn visit_item(&mut self, it: &'tcx hir::Item<'tcx>) {
-        let fm = match it.kind {
-            hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod(ref fm) => fm,
+        let items = match it.kind {
+            hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod { items, .. } => items,
             _ => return,
         };
 
         let foreign_items =
-            fm.items.iter().map(|it| self.tcx.hir().local_def_id(it.hir_id).to_def_id()).collect();
+            items.iter().map(|it| self.tcx.hir().local_def_id(it.id.hir_id).to_def_id()).collect();
         self.modules.push(ForeignModule {
             foreign_items,
             def_id: self.tcx.hir().local_def_id(it.hir_id).to_def_id(),
@@ -31,4 +31,5 @@ impl ItemLikeVisitor<'tcx> for Collector<'tcx> {
 
     fn visit_trait_item(&mut self, _it: &'tcx hir::TraitItem<'tcx>) {}
     fn visit_impl_item(&mut self, _it: &'tcx hir::ImplItem<'tcx>) {}
+    fn visit_foreign_item(&mut self, _it: &'tcx hir::ForeignItem<'tcx>) {}
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/link_args.rs b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/link_args.rs
index d8f16796083..d088288c507 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/link_args.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/link_args.rs
@@ -26,11 +26,11 @@ struct Collector<'tcx> {
 
 impl<'tcx> ItemLikeVisitor<'tcx> for Collector<'tcx> {
     fn visit_item(&mut self, it: &'tcx hir::Item<'tcx>) {
-        let fm = match it.kind {
-            hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod(ref fm) => fm,
+        let abi = match it.kind {
+            hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod { abi, .. } => abi,
             _ => return,
         };
-        if fm.abi == Abi::Rust || fm.abi == Abi::RustIntrinsic || fm.abi == Abi::PlatformIntrinsic {
+        if abi == Abi::Rust || abi == Abi::RustIntrinsic || abi == Abi::PlatformIntrinsic {
             return;
         }
 
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ impl<'tcx> ItemLikeVisitor<'tcx> for Collector<'tcx> {
 
     fn visit_trait_item(&mut self, _it: &'tcx hir::TraitItem<'tcx>) {}
     fn visit_impl_item(&mut self, _it: &'tcx hir::ImplItem<'tcx>) {}
+    fn visit_foreign_item(&mut self, _it: &'tcx hir::ForeignItem<'tcx>) {}
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> Collector<'tcx> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/native_libs.rs b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/native_libs.rs
index 2f7c2c2c405..fe29f9d177f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/native_libs.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/native_libs.rs
@@ -33,12 +33,12 @@ struct Collector<'tcx> {
 
 impl ItemLikeVisitor<'tcx> for Collector<'tcx> {
     fn visit_item(&mut self, it: &'tcx hir::Item<'tcx>) {
-        let fm = match it.kind {
-            hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod(ref fm) => fm,
+        let abi = match it.kind {
+            hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod { abi, .. } => abi,
             _ => return,
         };
 
-        if fm.abi == Abi::Rust || fm.abi == Abi::RustIntrinsic || fm.abi == Abi::PlatformIntrinsic {
+        if abi == Abi::Rust || abi == Abi::RustIntrinsic || abi == Abi::PlatformIntrinsic {
             return;
         }
 
@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ impl ItemLikeVisitor<'tcx> for Collector<'tcx> {
 
     fn visit_trait_item(&mut self, _it: &'tcx hir::TraitItem<'tcx>) {}
     fn visit_impl_item(&mut self, _it: &'tcx hir::ImplItem<'tcx>) {}
+    fn visit_foreign_item(&mut self, _it: &'tcx hir::ForeignItem<'tcx>) {}
 }
 
 impl Collector<'tcx> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/decoder.rs b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/decoder.rs
index 19340dd51de..e82449f69fd 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/decoder.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/decoder.rs
@@ -644,6 +644,7 @@ impl EntryKind {
             EntryKind::TraitAlias => DefKind::TraitAlias,
             EntryKind::Enum(..) => DefKind::Enum,
             EntryKind::MacroDef(_) => DefKind::Macro(MacroKind::Bang),
+            EntryKind::ProcMacro(kind) => DefKind::Macro(kind),
             EntryKind::ForeignType => DefKind::ForeignTy,
             EntryKind::Impl(_) => DefKind::Impl,
             EntryKind::Closure => DefKind::Closure,
@@ -685,20 +686,11 @@ impl CrateRoot<'_> {
 }
 
 impl<'a, 'tcx> CrateMetadataRef<'a> {
-    fn is_proc_macro(&self, id: DefIndex) -> bool {
-        self.root
-            .proc_macro_data
-            .as_ref()
-            .and_then(|data| data.macros.decode(self).find(|x| *x == id))
-            .is_some()
-    }
-
     fn maybe_kind(&self, item_id: DefIndex) -> Option<EntryKind> {
         self.root.tables.kind.get(self, item_id).map(|k| k.decode(self))
     }
 
     fn kind(&self, item_id: DefIndex) -> EntryKind {
-        assert!(!self.is_proc_macro(item_id));
         self.maybe_kind(item_id).unwrap_or_else(|| {
             bug!(
                 "CrateMetadata::kind({:?}): id not found, in crate {:?} with number {}",
@@ -725,35 +717,24 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> CrateMetadataRef<'a> {
     }
 
     fn item_ident(&self, item_index: DefIndex, sess: &Session) -> Ident {
-        if !self.is_proc_macro(item_index) {
-            let name = self
-                .def_key(item_index)
-                .disambiguated_data
-                .data
-                .get_opt_name()
-                .expect("no name in item_ident");
-            let span = self
-                .root
-                .tables
-                .ident_span
-                .get(self, item_index)
-                .map(|data| data.decode((self, sess)))
-                .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("Missing ident span for {:?} ({:?})", name, item_index));
-            Ident::new(name, span)
-        } else {
-            Ident::new(
-                Symbol::intern(self.raw_proc_macro(item_index).name()),
-                self.get_span(item_index, sess),
-            )
-        }
+        let name = self
+            .def_key(item_index)
+            .disambiguated_data
+            .data
+            .get_opt_name()
+            .expect("no name in item_ident");
+        let span = self
+            .root
+            .tables
+            .ident_span
+            .get(self, item_index)
+            .map(|data| data.decode((self, sess)))
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("Missing ident span for {:?} ({:?})", name, item_index));
+        Ident::new(name, span)
     }
 
     fn def_kind(&self, index: DefIndex) -> DefKind {
-        if !self.is_proc_macro(index) {
-            self.kind(index).def_kind()
-        } else {
-            DefKind::Macro(macro_kind(self.raw_proc_macro(index)))
-        }
+        self.kind(index).def_kind()
     }
 
     fn get_span(&self, index: DefIndex, sess: &Session) -> Span {
@@ -956,10 +937,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> CrateMetadataRef<'a> {
     }
 
     fn get_stability(&self, id: DefIndex) -> Option<attr::Stability> {
-        match self.is_proc_macro(id) {
-            true => self.root.proc_macro_data.as_ref().unwrap().stability,
-            false => self.root.tables.stability.get(self, id).map(|stab| stab.decode(self)),
-        }
+        self.root.tables.stability.get(self, id).map(|stab| stab.decode(self))
     }
 
     fn get_const_stability(&self, id: DefIndex) -> Option<attr::ConstStability> {
@@ -967,19 +945,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> CrateMetadataRef<'a> {
     }
 
     fn get_deprecation(&self, id: DefIndex) -> Option<attr::Deprecation> {
-        self.root
-            .tables
-            .deprecation
-            .get(self, id)
-            .filter(|_| !self.is_proc_macro(id))
-            .map(|depr| depr.decode(self))
+        self.root.tables.deprecation.get(self, id).map(|depr| depr.decode(self))
     }
 
     fn get_visibility(&self, id: DefIndex) -> ty::Visibility {
-        match self.is_proc_macro(id) {
-            true => ty::Visibility::Public,
-            false => self.root.tables.visibility.get(self, id).unwrap().decode(self),
-        }
+        self.root.tables.visibility.get(self, id).unwrap().decode(self)
     }
 
     fn get_impl_data(&self, id: DefIndex) -> ImplData {
@@ -1191,7 +1161,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> CrateMetadataRef<'a> {
     }
 
     fn is_item_mir_available(&self, id: DefIndex) -> bool {
-        !self.is_proc_macro(id) && self.root.tables.mir.get(self, id).is_some()
+        self.root.tables.mir.get(self, id).is_some()
     }
 
     fn module_expansion(&self, id: DefIndex, sess: &Session) -> ExpnId {
@@ -1207,7 +1177,6 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> CrateMetadataRef<'a> {
             .tables
             .mir
             .get(self, id)
-            .filter(|_| !self.is_proc_macro(id))
             .unwrap_or_else(|| {
                 bug!("get_optimized_mir: missing MIR for `{:?}`", self.local_def_id(id))
             })
@@ -1223,7 +1192,6 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> CrateMetadataRef<'a> {
             .tables
             .mir_abstract_consts
             .get(self, id)
-            .filter(|_| !self.is_proc_macro(id))
             .map_or(Ok(None), |v| Ok(Some(v.decode((self, tcx)))))
     }
 
@@ -1232,7 +1200,6 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> CrateMetadataRef<'a> {
             .tables
             .unused_generic_params
             .get(self, id)
-            .filter(|_| !self.is_proc_macro(id))
             .map(|params| params.decode(self))
             .unwrap_or_default()
     }
@@ -1242,7 +1209,6 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> CrateMetadataRef<'a> {
             .tables
             .promoted_mir
             .get(self, id)
-            .filter(|_| !self.is_proc_macro(id))
             .unwrap_or_else(|| {
                 bug!("get_promoted_mir: missing MIR for `{:?}`", self.local_def_id(id))
             })
@@ -1546,14 +1512,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> CrateMetadataRef<'a> {
 
     #[inline]
     fn def_key(&self, index: DefIndex) -> DefKey {
-        *self.def_key_cache.lock().entry(index).or_insert_with(|| {
-            let mut key = self.root.tables.def_keys.get(self, index).unwrap().decode(self);
-            if self.is_proc_macro(index) {
-                let name = self.raw_proc_macro(index).name();
-                key.disambiguated_data.data = DefPathData::MacroNs(Symbol::intern(name));
-            }
-            key
-        })
+        *self
+            .def_key_cache
+            .lock()
+            .entry(index)
+            .or_insert_with(|| self.root.tables.def_keys.get(self, index).unwrap().decode(self))
     }
 
     // Returns the path leading to the thing with this `id`.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/encoder.rs b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/encoder.rs
index a7cf1079b8f..46dd0df65e0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/encoder.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/encoder.rs
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ use rustc_data_structures::sync::{join, Lrc};
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def::CtorKind;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{CrateNum, DefId, DefIndex, LocalDefId, CRATE_DEF_INDEX, LOCAL_CRATE};
+use rustc_hir::definitions::DefPathData;
 use rustc_hir::intravisit::{self, NestedVisitorMap, Visitor};
 use rustc_hir::itemlikevisit::{ItemLikeVisitor, ParItemLikeVisitor};
 use rustc_hir::lang_items;
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ use rustc_middle::ty::codec::TyEncoder;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, SymbolName, Ty, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_serialize::{opaque, Encodable, Encoder};
 use rustc_session::config::CrateType;
-use rustc_span::hygiene::{ExpnDataEncodeMode, HygieneEncodeContext};
+use rustc_span::hygiene::{ExpnDataEncodeMode, HygieneEncodeContext, MacroKind};
 use rustc_span::symbol::{sym, Ident, Symbol};
 use rustc_span::{self, ExternalSource, FileName, SourceFile, Span, SyntaxContext};
 use rustc_target::abi::VariantIdx;
@@ -1225,7 +1226,7 @@ impl EncodeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
             hir::ItemKind::Mod(ref m) => {
                 return self.encode_info_for_mod(item.hir_id, m, &item.attrs);
             }
-            hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod(_) => EntryKind::ForeignMod,
+            hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod { .. } => EntryKind::ForeignMod,
             hir::ItemKind::GlobalAsm(..) => EntryKind::GlobalAsm,
             hir::ItemKind::TyAlias(..) => EntryKind::Type,
             hir::ItemKind::OpaqueTy(..) => {
@@ -1320,11 +1321,11 @@ impl EncodeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
         record!(self.tables.expn_that_defined[def_id] <- self.tcx.expansion_that_defined(def_id));
         // FIXME(eddyb) there should be a nicer way to do this.
         match item.kind {
-            hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod(ref fm) => record!(self.tables.children[def_id] <-
-                fm.items
+            hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod { items, .. } => record!(self.tables.children[def_id] <-
+                items
                     .iter()
                     .map(|foreign_item| tcx.hir().local_def_id(
-                        foreign_item.hir_id).local_def_index)
+                        foreign_item.id.hir_id).local_def_index)
             ),
             hir::ItemKind::Enum(..) => record!(self.tables.children[def_id] <-
                 self.tcx.adt_def(def_id).variants.iter().map(|v| {
@@ -1539,12 +1540,41 @@ impl EncodeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
             // so we manually encode just the information that we need
             for proc_macro in &hir.krate().proc_macros {
                 let id = proc_macro.owner.local_def_index;
-                let span = self.lazy(hir.span(*proc_macro));
+                let mut name = hir.name(*proc_macro);
+                let span = hir.span(*proc_macro);
                 // Proc-macros may have attributes like `#[allow_internal_unstable]`,
                 // so downstream crates need access to them.
-                let attrs = self.lazy(hir.attrs(*proc_macro));
-                self.tables.span.set(id, span);
-                self.tables.attributes.set(id, attrs);
+                let attrs = hir.attrs(*proc_macro);
+                let macro_kind = if tcx.sess.contains_name(attrs, sym::proc_macro) {
+                    MacroKind::Bang
+                } else if tcx.sess.contains_name(attrs, sym::proc_macro_attribute) {
+                    MacroKind::Attr
+                } else if let Some(attr) = tcx.sess.find_by_name(attrs, sym::proc_macro_derive) {
+                    // This unwrap chain should have been checked by the proc-macro harness.
+                    name = attr.meta_item_list().unwrap()[0]
+                        .meta_item()
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .ident()
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .name;
+                    MacroKind::Derive
+                } else {
+                    bug!("Unknown proc-macro type for item {:?}", id);
+                };
+
+                let mut def_key = self.tcx.hir().def_key(proc_macro.owner);
+                def_key.disambiguated_data.data = DefPathData::MacroNs(name);
+
+                let def_id = DefId::local(id);
+                record!(self.tables.kind[def_id] <- EntryKind::ProcMacro(macro_kind));
+                record!(self.tables.attributes[def_id] <- attrs);
+                record!(self.tables.def_keys[def_id] <- def_key);
+                record!(self.tables.ident_span[def_id] <- span);
+                record!(self.tables.span[def_id] <- span);
+                record!(self.tables.visibility[def_id] <- ty::Visibility::Public);
+                if let Some(stability) = stability {
+                    record!(self.tables.stability[def_id] <- stability);
+                }
             }
 
             Some(ProcMacroData { proc_macro_decls_static, stability, macros })
@@ -1836,7 +1866,7 @@ impl EncodeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
             | hir::ItemKind::Const(..)
             | hir::ItemKind::Fn(..)
             | hir::ItemKind::Mod(..)
-            | hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod(..)
+            | hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod { .. }
             | hir::ItemKind::GlobalAsm(..)
             | hir::ItemKind::ExternCrate(..)
             | hir::ItemKind::Use(..)
@@ -1913,6 +1943,8 @@ impl<'tcx, 'v> ItemLikeVisitor<'v> for ImplVisitor<'tcx> {
     fn visit_impl_item(&mut self, _impl_item: &'v hir::ImplItem<'v>) {
         // handled in `visit_item` above
     }
+
+    fn visit_foreign_item(&mut self, _foreign_item: &'v hir::ForeignItem<'v>) {}
 }
 
 /// Used to prefetch queries which will be needed later by metadata encoding.
@@ -1977,6 +2009,11 @@ impl<'tcx, 'v> ParItemLikeVisitor<'v> for PrefetchVisitor<'tcx> {
             hir::ImplItemKind::TyAlias(..) => (),
         }
     }
+
+    fn visit_foreign_item(&self, _foreign_item: &'v hir::ForeignItem<'v>) {
+        // This should be kept in sync with `encode_info_for_foreign_item`.
+        // Foreign items contain no MIR.
+    }
 }
 
 // NOTE(eddyb) The following comment was preserved for posterity, even
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/mod.rs
index 2bd2019d3cd..53606178909 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/mod.rs
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ use rustc_serialize::opaque::Encoder;
 use rustc_session::config::SymbolManglingVersion;
 use rustc_session::CrateDisambiguator;
 use rustc_span::edition::Edition;
+use rustc_span::hygiene::MacroKind;
 use rustc_span::symbol::{Ident, Symbol};
 use rustc_span::{self, ExpnData, ExpnId, Span};
 use rustc_target::spec::{PanicStrategy, TargetTriple};
@@ -336,6 +337,7 @@ enum EntryKind {
     ForeignFn(Lazy<FnData>),
     Mod(Lazy<ModData>),
     MacroDef(Lazy<MacroDef>),
+    ProcMacro(MacroKind),
     Closure,
     Generator(hir::GeneratorKind),
     Trait(Lazy<TraitData>),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/dep_graph/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/dep_graph/mod.rs
index 66975242798..a85b66b65da 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/dep_graph/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/dep_graph/mod.rs
@@ -164,11 +164,17 @@ impl<'tcx> DepContext for TyCtxt<'tcx> {
     }
 
     fn load_diagnostics(&self, prev_dep_node_index: SerializedDepNodeIndex) -> Vec<Diagnostic> {
-        self.queries.on_disk_cache.load_diagnostics(*self, prev_dep_node_index)
+        self.queries
+            .on_disk_cache
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(|c| c.load_diagnostics(*self, prev_dep_node_index))
+            .unwrap_or_default()
     }
 
     fn store_diagnostics(&self, dep_node_index: DepNodeIndex, diagnostics: ThinVec<Diagnostic>) {
-        self.queries.on_disk_cache.store_diagnostics(dep_node_index, diagnostics)
+        if let Some(c) = self.queries.on_disk_cache.as_ref() {
+            c.store_diagnostics(dep_node_index, diagnostics)
+        }
     }
 
     fn store_diagnostics_for_anon_node(
@@ -176,7 +182,9 @@ impl<'tcx> DepContext for TyCtxt<'tcx> {
         dep_node_index: DepNodeIndex,
         diagnostics: ThinVec<Diagnostic>,
     ) {
-        self.queries.on_disk_cache.store_diagnostics_for_anon_node(dep_node_index, diagnostics)
+        if let Some(c) = self.queries.on_disk_cache.as_ref() {
+            c.store_diagnostics_for_anon_node(dep_node_index, diagnostics)
+        }
     }
 
     fn profiler(&self) -> &SelfProfilerRef {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/hir/map/collector.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/hir/map/collector.rs
index 516c9b6752b..912e9672c94 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/hir/map/collector.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/hir/map/collector.rs
@@ -112,6 +112,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> NodeCollector<'a, 'hir> {
                 items: _,
                 trait_items: _,
                 impl_items: _,
+                foreign_items: _,
                 bodies: _,
                 trait_impls: _,
                 body_ids: _,
@@ -319,6 +320,10 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> Visitor<'hir> for NodeCollector<'a, 'hir> {
         self.visit_impl_item(self.krate.impl_item(item_id));
     }
 
+    fn visit_nested_foreign_item(&mut self, foreign_id: ForeignItemId) {
+        self.visit_foreign_item(self.krate.foreign_item(foreign_id));
+    }
+
     fn visit_nested_body(&mut self, id: BodyId) {
         self.visit_body(self.krate.body(id));
     }
@@ -351,11 +356,17 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> Visitor<'hir> for NodeCollector<'a, 'hir> {
         });
     }
 
-    fn visit_foreign_item(&mut self, foreign_item: &'hir ForeignItem<'hir>) {
-        self.insert(foreign_item.span, foreign_item.hir_id, Node::ForeignItem(foreign_item));
+    fn visit_foreign_item(&mut self, fi: &'hir ForeignItem<'hir>) {
+        debug_assert_eq!(
+            fi.hir_id.owner,
+            self.definitions.opt_hir_id_to_local_def_id(fi.hir_id).unwrap()
+        );
+        self.with_dep_node_owner(fi.hir_id.owner, fi, |this, hash| {
+            this.insert_with_hash(fi.span, fi.hir_id, Node::ForeignItem(fi), hash);
 
-        self.with_parent(foreign_item.hir_id, |this| {
-            intravisit::walk_foreign_item(this, foreign_item);
+            this.with_parent(fi.hir_id, |this| {
+                intravisit::walk_foreign_item(this, fi);
+            });
         });
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/hir/map/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/hir/map/mod.rs
index 37ec3d3d1ca..5e36362ec59 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/hir/map/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/hir/map/mod.rs
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ impl<'hir> Map<'hir> {
                 ItemKind::TraitAlias(..) => DefKind::TraitAlias,
                 ItemKind::ExternCrate(_) => DefKind::ExternCrate,
                 ItemKind::Use(..) => DefKind::Use,
-                ItemKind::ForeignMod(..) => DefKind::ForeignMod,
+                ItemKind::ForeignMod { .. } => DefKind::ForeignMod,
                 ItemKind::GlobalAsm(..) => DefKind::GlobalAsm,
                 ItemKind::Impl { .. } => DefKind::Impl,
             },
@@ -309,6 +309,13 @@ impl<'hir> Map<'hir> {
         }
     }
 
+    pub fn foreign_item(&self, id: ForeignItemId) -> &'hir ForeignItem<'hir> {
+        match self.find(id.hir_id).unwrap() {
+            Node::ForeignItem(item) => item,
+            _ => bug!(),
+        }
+    }
+
     pub fn body(&self, id: BodyId) -> &'hir Body<'hir> {
         self.tcx.hir_owner_nodes(id.hir_id.owner).unwrap().bodies.get(&id.hir_id.local_id).unwrap()
     }
@@ -470,6 +477,10 @@ impl<'hir> Map<'hir> {
         for id in &module.impl_items {
             visitor.visit_impl_item(self.expect_impl_item(id.hir_id));
         }
+
+        for id in &module.foreign_items {
+            visitor.visit_foreign_item(self.expect_foreign_item(id.hir_id));
+        }
     }
 
     /// Retrieves the `Node` corresponding to `id`, panicking if it cannot be found.
@@ -718,10 +729,11 @@ impl<'hir> Map<'hir> {
         let parent = self.get_parent_item(hir_id);
         if let Some(entry) = self.find_entry(parent) {
             if let Entry {
-                node: Node::Item(Item { kind: ItemKind::ForeignMod(ref nm), .. }), ..
+                node: Node::Item(Item { kind: ItemKind::ForeignMod { abi, .. }, .. }),
+                ..
             } = entry
             {
-                return nm.abi;
+                return *abi;
             }
         }
         bug!("expected foreign mod or inlined parent, found {}", self.node_to_string(parent))
@@ -937,6 +949,10 @@ impl<'hir> intravisit::Map<'hir> for Map<'hir> {
     fn impl_item(&self, id: ImplItemId) -> &'hir ImplItem<'hir> {
         self.impl_item(id)
     }
+
+    fn foreign_item(&self, id: ForeignItemId) -> &'hir ForeignItem<'hir> {
+        self.foreign_item(id)
+    }
 }
 
 trait Named {
@@ -1030,7 +1046,7 @@ fn hir_id_to_string(map: &Map<'_>, id: HirId) -> String {
                 ItemKind::Const(..) => "const",
                 ItemKind::Fn(..) => "fn",
                 ItemKind::Mod(..) => "mod",
-                ItemKind::ForeignMod(..) => "foreign mod",
+                ItemKind::ForeignMod { .. } => "foreign mod",
                 ItemKind::GlobalAsm(..) => "global asm",
                 ItemKind::TyAlias(..) => "ty",
                 ItemKind::OpaqueTy(..) => "opaque type",
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/coverage.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/coverage.rs
index 6b46d7c497d..8a6bf9dff7b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/coverage.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/coverage.rs
@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ rustc_index::newtype_index! {
 impl ExpressionOperandId {
     /// An expression operand for a "zero counter", as described in the following references:
     ///
-    /// * <https://github.com/rust-lang/llvm-project/blob/llvmorg-8.0.0/llvm/docs/CoverageMappingFormat.rst#counter>
-    /// * <https://github.com/rust-lang/llvm-project/blob/llvmorg-8.0.0/llvm/docs/CoverageMappingFormat.rst#tag>
-    /// * <https://github.com/rust-lang/llvm-project/blob/llvmorg-8.0.0/llvm/docs/CoverageMappingFormat.rst#counter-expressions>
+    /// * <https://github.com/rust-lang/llvm-project/blob/rustc/11.0-2020-10-12/llvm/docs/CoverageMappingFormat.rst#counter>
+    /// * <https://github.com/rust-lang/llvm-project/blob/rustc/11.0-2020-10-12/llvm/docs/CoverageMappingFormat.rst#tag>
+    /// * <https://github.com/rust-lang/llvm-project/blob/rustc/11.0-2020-10-12/llvm/docs/CoverageMappingFormat.rst#counter-expressions>
     ///
     /// This operand can be used to count two or more separate code regions with a single counter,
     /// if they run sequentially with no branches, by injecting the `Counter` in a `BasicBlock` for
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/mod.rs
index 9289d4708de..814f91b0431 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/mod.rs
@@ -811,7 +811,7 @@ pub struct LocalDecl<'tcx> {
     /// after typeck.
     ///
     /// This should be sound because the drop flags are fully algebraic, and
-    /// therefore don't affect the OIBIT or outlives properties of the
+    /// therefore don't affect the auto-trait or outlives properties of the
     /// generator.
     pub internal: bool,
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/visit.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/visit.rs
index ad47c6e75d3..7538818b8af 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/visit.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/visit.rs
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ macro_rules! make_mir_visitor {
                 macro_rules! basic_blocks {
                     (mut) => (body.basic_blocks_mut().iter_enumerated_mut());
                     () => (body.basic_blocks().iter_enumerated());
-                };
+                }
                 for (bb, data) in basic_blocks!($($mutability)?) {
                     self.visit_basic_block_data(bb, data);
                 }
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ macro_rules! make_mir_visitor {
                 macro_rules! type_annotations {
                     (mut) => (body.user_type_annotations.iter_enumerated_mut());
                     () => (body.user_type_annotations.iter_enumerated());
-                };
+                }
 
                 for (index, annotation) in type_annotations!($($mutability)?) {
                     self.visit_user_type_annotation(
@@ -909,7 +909,7 @@ macro_rules! make_mir_visitor {
                 macro_rules! basic_blocks {
                     (mut) => (body.basic_blocks_mut());
                     () => (body.basic_blocks());
-                };
+                }
                 let basic_block = & $($mutability)? basic_blocks!($($mutability)?)[location.block];
                 if basic_block.statements.len() == location.statement_index {
                     if let Some(ref $($mutability)? terminator) = basic_block.terminator {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs
index 634d50368bd..7822ecc2c1f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs
@@ -130,8 +130,8 @@ rustc_queries! {
             storage(ArenaCacheSelector<'tcx>)
             cache_on_disk_if { key.is_local() }
             load_cached(tcx, id) {
-                let generics: Option<ty::Generics> = tcx.queries.on_disk_cache
-                                                        .try_load_query_result(tcx, id);
+                let generics: Option<ty::Generics> = tcx.queries.on_disk_cache.as_ref()
+                                                        .and_then(|c| c.try_load_query_result(tcx, id));
                 generics
             }
         }
@@ -635,6 +635,10 @@ rustc_queries! {
             desc { |tcx| "checking loops in {}", describe_as_module(key, tcx) }
         }
 
+        query check_mod_naked_functions(key: LocalDefId) -> () {
+            desc { |tcx| "checking naked functions in {}", describe_as_module(key, tcx) }
+        }
+
         query check_mod_item_types(key: LocalDefId) -> () {
             desc { |tcx| "checking item types in {}", describe_as_module(key, tcx) }
         }
@@ -688,8 +692,8 @@ rustc_queries! {
             cache_on_disk_if { true }
             load_cached(tcx, id) {
                 let typeck_results: Option<ty::TypeckResults<'tcx>> = tcx
-                    .queries.on_disk_cache
-                    .try_load_query_result(tcx, id);
+                    .queries.on_disk_cache.as_ref()
+                    .and_then(|c| c.try_load_query_result(tcx, id));
 
                 typeck_results.map(|x| &*tcx.arena.alloc(x))
             }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/traits/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/traits/mod.rs
index 1902a97e21c..0a663f793aa 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/traits/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/traits/mod.rs
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ pub enum Reveal {
     /// be observable directly by the user, `Reveal::All`
     /// should not be used by checks which may expose
     /// type equality or type contents to the user.
-    /// There are some exceptions, e.g., around OIBITS and
+    /// There are some exceptions, e.g., around auto traits and
     /// transmute-checking, which expose some details, but
     /// not the whole concrete type of the `impl Trait`.
     All,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context.rs
index a6f91278a3b..7207e5a179e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context.rs
@@ -1096,7 +1096,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
         krate: &'tcx hir::Crate<'tcx>,
         definitions: &'tcx Definitions,
         dep_graph: DepGraph,
-        on_disk_query_result_cache: query::OnDiskCache<'tcx>,
+        on_disk_query_result_cache: Option<query::OnDiskCache<'tcx>>,
         crate_name: &str,
         output_filenames: &OutputFilenames,
     ) -> GlobalCtxt<'tcx> {
@@ -1345,7 +1345,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
     where
         E: ty::codec::OpaqueEncoder,
     {
-        self.queries.on_disk_cache.serialize(self, encoder)
+        self.queries.on_disk_cache.as_ref().map(|c| c.serialize(self, encoder)).unwrap_or(Ok(()))
     }
 
     /// If `true`, we should use the MIR-based borrowck, but also
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/instance.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/instance.rs
index f52466d85f8..413c9cca589 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/instance.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/instance.rs
@@ -540,7 +540,7 @@ fn polymorphize<'tcx>(
 
     struct PolymorphizationFolder<'tcx> {
         tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-    };
+    }
 
     impl ty::TypeFolder<'tcx> for PolymorphizationFolder<'tcx> {
         fn tcx<'a>(&'a self) -> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/query/plumbing.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/query/plumbing.rs
index d038695283c..d0730bd121c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/query/plumbing.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/query/plumbing.rs
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
     pub fn try_print_query_stack(handler: &Handler, num_frames: Option<usize>) {
         eprintln!("query stack during panic:");
 
-        // Be careful reyling on global state here: this code is called from
+        // Be careful relying on global state here: this code is called from
         // a panic hook, which means that the global `Handler` may be in a weird
         // state if it was responsible for triggering the panic.
         let mut i = 0;
@@ -507,10 +507,11 @@ macro_rules! define_queries_struct {
     (tcx: $tcx:tt,
      input: ($(([$($modifiers:tt)*] [$($attr:tt)*] [$name:ident]))*)) => {
         pub struct Queries<$tcx> {
-            /// This provides access to the incrimental comilation on-disk cache for query results.
+            /// This provides access to the incremental compilation on-disk cache for query results.
             /// Do not access this directly. It is only meant to be used by
             /// `DepGraph::try_mark_green()` and the query infrastructure.
-            pub(crate) on_disk_cache: OnDiskCache<'tcx>,
+            /// This is `None` if we are not incremental compilation mode
+            pub(crate) on_disk_cache: Option<OnDiskCache<'tcx>>,
 
             providers: IndexVec<CrateNum, Providers>,
             fallback_extern_providers: Box<Providers>,
@@ -526,7 +527,7 @@ macro_rules! define_queries_struct {
             pub(crate) fn new(
                 providers: IndexVec<CrateNum, Providers>,
                 fallback_extern_providers: Providers,
-                on_disk_cache: OnDiskCache<'tcx>,
+                on_disk_cache: Option<OnDiskCache<'tcx>>,
             ) -> Self {
                 Queries {
                     providers,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/interpret/util.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/interpret/util.rs
index e49b1c9f64d..ec90f063a55 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/interpret/util.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/interpret/util.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ where
 
     struct UsedParamsNeedSubstVisitor<'tcx> {
         tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-    };
+    }
 
     impl<'tcx> TypeVisitor<'tcx> for UsedParamsNeedSubstVisitor<'tcx> {
         type BreakTy = ();
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/monomorphize/collector.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/monomorphize/collector.rs
index a6f90992172..6370ead97e7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/monomorphize/collector.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/monomorphize/collector.rs
@@ -993,7 +993,7 @@ impl ItemLikeVisitor<'v> for RootCollector<'_, 'v> {
         match item.kind {
             hir::ItemKind::ExternCrate(..)
             | hir::ItemKind::Use(..)
-            | hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod(..)
+            | hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod { .. }
             | hir::ItemKind::TyAlias(..)
             | hir::ItemKind::Trait(..)
             | hir::ItemKind::TraitAlias(..)
@@ -1066,6 +1066,8 @@ impl ItemLikeVisitor<'v> for RootCollector<'_, 'v> {
             self.push_if_root(def_id);
         }
     }
+
+    fn visit_foreign_item(&mut self, _foreign_item: &'v hir::ForeignItem<'v>) {}
 }
 
 impl RootCollector<'_, 'v> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/coverage/debug.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/coverage/debug.rs
index 7f1dc3844b2..e9528557b33 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/coverage/debug.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/coverage/debug.rs
@@ -95,18 +95,18 @@
 //!
 //!     Depending on the values and combinations, counters can be labeled by:
 //!
-//!         * `id` - counter or expression ID (ascending counter IDs, starting at 1, or descending
-//!           expression IDs, starting at `u32:MAX`)
-//!         * `block` - the `BasicCoverageBlock` label (for example, `bcb0`) or edge label (for
-//!           example `bcb0->bcb1`), for counters or expressions assigned to count a
-//!           `BasicCoverageBlock` or edge. Intermediate expressions (not directly associated with
-//!           a BCB or edge) will be labeled by their expression ID, unless `operation` is also
-//!           specified.
-//!         * `operation` - applied to expressions only, labels include the left-hand-side counter
-//!           or expression label (lhs operand), the operator (`+` or `-`), and the right-hand-side
-//!           counter or expression (rhs operand). Expression operand labels are generated
-//!           recursively, generating labels with nested operations, enclosed in parentheses
-//!           (for example: `bcb2 + (bcb0 - bcb1)`).
+//!       * `id` - counter or expression ID (ascending counter IDs, starting at 1, or descending
+//!         expression IDs, starting at `u32:MAX`)
+//!       * `block` - the `BasicCoverageBlock` label (for example, `bcb0`) or edge label (for
+//!         example `bcb0->bcb1`), for counters or expressions assigned to count a
+//!         `BasicCoverageBlock` or edge. Intermediate expressions (not directly associated with
+//!         a BCB or edge) will be labeled by their expression ID, unless `operation` is also
+//!         specified.
+//!       * `operation` - applied to expressions only, labels include the left-hand-side counter
+//!         or expression label (lhs operand), the operator (`+` or `-`), and the right-hand-side
+//!         counter or expression (rhs operand). Expression operand labels are generated
+//!         recursively, generating labels with nested operations, enclosed in parentheses
+//!         (for example: `bcb2 + (bcb0 - bcb1)`).
 
 use super::graph::{BasicCoverageBlock, BasicCoverageBlockData, CoverageGraph};
 use super::spans::CoverageSpan;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/expr/as_rvalue.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/expr/as_rvalue.rs
index b6728c6b2ce..7c34b996055 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/expr/as_rvalue.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/expr/as_rvalue.rs
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Builder<'a, 'tcx> {
             ExprKind::Box { value } => {
                 let value = this.hir.mirror(value);
                 // The `Box<T>` temporary created here is not a part of the HIR,
-                // and therefore is not considered during generator OIBIT
+                // and therefore is not considered during generator auto-trait
                 // determination. See the comment about `box` at `yield_in_scope`.
                 let result = this.local_decls.push(LocalDecl::new(expr.ty, expr_span).internal());
                 this.cfg.push(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/check_match.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/check_match.rs
index f9fe261bcee..97edbd83b89 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/check_match.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/check_match.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-use super::_match::Usefulness::*;
-use super::_match::{
+use super::usefulness::Usefulness::*;
+use super::usefulness::{
     compute_match_usefulness, expand_pattern, MatchArm, MatchCheckCtxt, UsefulnessReport,
 };
 use super::{PatCtxt, PatKind, PatternError};
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/_match.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/deconstruct_pat.rs
index 79a74e38743..62b4468eeb3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/_match.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/deconstruct_pat.rs
@@ -1,313 +1,16 @@
-//! Note: tests specific to this file can be found in:
-//!     - ui/pattern/usefulness
-//!     - ui/or-patterns
-//!     - ui/consts/const_in_pattern
-//!     - ui/rfc-2008-non-exhaustive
-//!     - ui/half-open-range-patterns
-//!     - probably many others
-//! I (Nadrieril) prefer to put new tests in `ui/pattern/usefulness` unless there's a specific
-//! reason not to, for example if they depend on a particular feature like or_patterns.
-//!
-//! This file includes the logic for exhaustiveness and usefulness checking for
-//! pattern-matching. Specifically, given a list of patterns for a type, we can
-//! tell whether:
-//! (a) the patterns cover every possible constructor for the type (exhaustiveness)
-//! (b) each pattern is necessary (usefulness)
-//!
-//! The algorithm implemented here is a modified version of the one described in:
-//! <http://moscova.inria.fr/~maranget/papers/warn/index.html>
-//! However, to save future implementors from reading the original paper, we
-//! summarise the algorithm here to hopefully save time and be a little clearer
-//! (without being so rigorous).
-//!
-//! # Premise
-//!
-//! The core of the algorithm revolves about a "usefulness" check. In particular, we
-//! are trying to compute a predicate `U(P, p)` where `P` is a list of patterns (we refer to this as
-//! a matrix). `U(P, p)` represents whether, given an existing list of patterns
-//! `P_1 ..= P_m`, adding a new pattern `p` will be "useful" (that is, cover previously-
-//! uncovered values of the type).
-//!
-//! If we have this predicate, then we can easily compute both exhaustiveness of an
-//! entire set of patterns and the individual usefulness of each one.
-//! (a) the set of patterns is exhaustive iff `U(P, _)` is false (i.e., adding a wildcard
-//! match doesn't increase the number of values we're matching)
-//! (b) a pattern `P_i` is not useful if `U(P[0..=(i-1), P_i)` is false (i.e., adding a
-//! pattern to those that have come before it doesn't increase the number of values
-//! we're matching).
-//!
-//! # Core concept
-//!
-//! The idea that powers everything that is done in this file is the following: a value is made
-//! from a constructor applied to some fields. Examples of constructors are `Some`, `None`, `(,)`
-//! (the 2-tuple constructor), `Foo {..}` (the constructor for a struct `Foo`), and `2` (the
-//! constructor for the number `2`). Fields are just a (possibly empty) list of values.
-//!
-//! Some of the constructors listed above might feel weird: `None` and `2` don't take any
-//! arguments. This is part of what makes constructors so general: we will consider plain values
-//! like numbers and string literals to be constructors that take no arguments, also called "0-ary
-//! constructors"; they are the simplest case of constructors. This allows us to see any value as
-//! made up from a tree of constructors, each having a given number of children. For example:
-//! `(None, Ok(0))` is made from 4 different constructors.
-//!
-//! This idea can be extended to patterns: a pattern captures a set of possible values, and we can
-//! describe this set using constructors. For example, `Err(_)` captures all values of the type
-//! `Result<T, E>` that start with the `Err` constructor (for some choice of `T` and `E`). The
-//! wildcard `_` captures all values of the given type starting with any of the constructors for
-//! that type.
-//!
-//! We use this to compute whether different patterns might capture a same value. Do the patterns
-//! `Ok("foo")` and `Err(_)` capture a common value? The answer is no, because the first pattern
-//! captures only values starting with the `Ok` constructor and the second only values starting
-//! with the `Err` constructor. Do the patterns `Some(42)` and `Some(1..10)` intersect? They might,
-//! since they both capture values starting with `Some`. To be certain, we need to dig under the
-//! `Some` constructor and continue asking the question. This is the main idea behind the
-//! exhaustiveness algorithm: by looking at patterns constructor-by-constructor, we can efficiently
-//! figure out if some new pattern might capture a value that hadn't been captured by previous
-//! patterns.
-//!
-//! Constructors are represented by the `Constructor` enum, and its fields by the `Fields` enum.
-//! Most of the complexity of this file resides in transforming between patterns and
-//! (`Constructor`, `Fields`) pairs, handling all the special cases correctly.
-//!
-//! Caveat: this constructors/fields distinction doesn't quite cover every Rust value. For example
-//! a value of type `Rc<u64>` doesn't fit this idea very well, nor do various other things.
-//! However, this idea covers most of the cases that are relevant to exhaustiveness checking.
-//!
-//!
-//! # Algorithm
-//!
-//! Recall that `U(P, p)` represents whether, given an existing list of patterns (aka matrix) `P`,
-//! adding a new pattern `p` will cover previously-uncovered values of the type.
-//! During the course of the algorithm, the rows of the matrix won't just be individual patterns,
-//! but rather partially-deconstructed patterns in the form of a list of fields. The paper
-//! calls those pattern-vectors, and we will call them pattern-stacks. The same holds for the
-//! new pattern `p`.
-//!
-//! For example, say we have the following:
-//!
-//! ```
-//! // x: (Option<bool>, Result<()>)
-//! match x {
-//!     (Some(true), _) => {}
-//!     (None, Err(())) => {}
-//!     (None, Err(_)) => {}
-//! }
-//! ```
-//!
-//! Here, the matrix `P` starts as:
-//!
-//! ```
-//! [
-//!     [(Some(true), _)],
-//!     [(None, Err(()))],
-//!     [(None, Err(_))],
-//! ]
-//! ```
-//!
-//! We can tell it's not exhaustive, because `U(P, _)` is true (we're not covering
-//! `[(Some(false), _)]`, for instance). In addition, row 3 is not useful, because
-//! all the values it covers are already covered by row 2.
-//!
-//! A list of patterns can be thought of as a stack, because we are mainly interested in the top of
-//! the stack at any given point, and we can pop or apply constructors to get new pattern-stacks.
-//! To match the paper, the top of the stack is at the beginning / on the left.
-//!
-//! There are two important operations on pattern-stacks necessary to understand the algorithm:
-//!
-//! 1. We can pop a given constructor off the top of a stack. This operation is called
-//!    `specialize`, and is denoted `S(c, p)` where `c` is a constructor (like `Some` or
-//!    `None`) and `p` a pattern-stack.
-//!    If the pattern on top of the stack can cover `c`, this removes the constructor and
-//!    pushes its arguments onto the stack. It also expands OR-patterns into distinct patterns.
-//!    Otherwise the pattern-stack is discarded.
-//!    This essentially filters those pattern-stacks whose top covers the constructor `c` and
-//!    discards the others.
-//!
-//!    For example, the first pattern above initially gives a stack `[(Some(true), _)]`. If we
-//!    pop the tuple constructor, we are left with `[Some(true), _]`, and if we then pop the
-//!    `Some` constructor we get `[true, _]`. If we had popped `None` instead, we would get
-//!    nothing back.
-//!
-//!    This returns zero or more new pattern-stacks, as follows. We look at the pattern `p_1`
-//!    on top of the stack, and we have four cases:
-//!         1.1. `p_1 = c(r_1, .., r_a)`, i.e. the top of the stack has constructor `c`. We
-//!              push onto the stack the arguments of this constructor, and return the result:
-//!                 r_1, .., r_a, p_2, .., p_n
-//!         1.2. `p_1 = c'(r_1, .., r_a')` where `c ≠ c'`. We discard the current stack and
-//!              return nothing.
-//!         1.3. `p_1 = _`. We push onto the stack as many wildcards as the constructor `c` has
-//!              arguments (its arity), and return the resulting stack:
-//!                 _, .., _, p_2, .., p_n
-//!         1.4. `p_1 = r_1 | r_2`. We expand the OR-pattern and then recurse on each resulting
-//!              stack:
-//!                 S(c, (r_1, p_2, .., p_n))
-//!                 S(c, (r_2, p_2, .., p_n))
-//!
-//! 2. We can pop a wildcard off the top of the stack. This is called `S(_, p)`, where `p` is
-//!    a pattern-stack. Note: the paper calls this `D(p)`.
-//!    This is used when we know there are missing constructor cases, but there might be
-//!    existing wildcard patterns, so to check the usefulness of the matrix, we have to check
-//!    all its *other* components.
-//!
-//!    It is computed as follows. We look at the pattern `p_1` on top of the stack,
-//!    and we have three cases:
-//!         2.1. `p_1 = c(r_1, .., r_a)`. We discard the current stack and return nothing.
-//!         2.2. `p_1 = _`. We return the rest of the stack:
-//!                 p_2, .., p_n
-//!         2.3. `p_1 = r_1 | r_2`. We expand the OR-pattern and then recurse on each resulting
-//!           stack.
-//!                 S(_, (r_1, p_2, .., p_n))
-//!                 S(_, (r_2, p_2, .., p_n))
-//!
-//! Note that the OR-patterns are not always used directly in Rust, but are used to derive the
-//! exhaustive integer matching rules, so they're written here for posterity.
-//!
-//! Both those operations extend straightforwardly to a list or pattern-stacks, i.e. a matrix, by
-//! working row-by-row. Popping a constructor ends up keeping only the matrix rows that start with
-//! the given constructor, and popping a wildcard keeps those rows that start with a wildcard.
-//!
-//!
-//! The algorithm for computing `U`
-//! -------------------------------
-//! The algorithm is inductive (on the number of columns: i.e., components of tuple patterns).
-//! That means we're going to check the components from left-to-right, so the algorithm
-//! operates principally on the first component of the matrix and new pattern-stack `p`.
-//! This algorithm is realised in the `is_useful` function.
-//!
-//! Base case. (`n = 0`, i.e., an empty tuple pattern)
-//!     - If `P` already contains an empty pattern (i.e., if the number of patterns `m > 0`),
-//!       then `U(P, p)` is false.
-//!     - Otherwise, `P` must be empty, so `U(P, p)` is true.
-//!
-//! Inductive step. (`n > 0`, i.e., whether there's at least one column
-//!                  [which may then be expanded into further columns later])
-//! We're going to match on the top of the new pattern-stack, `p_1`.
-//!     - If `p_1 == c(r_1, .., r_a)`, i.e. we have a constructor pattern.
-//! Then, the usefulness of `p_1` can be reduced to whether it is useful when
-//! we ignore all the patterns in the first column of `P` that involve other constructors.
-//! This is where `S(c, P)` comes in:
-//! `U(P, p) := U(S(c, P), S(c, p))`
-//!
-//! For example, if `P` is:
-//!
-//! ```
-//! [
-//!     [Some(true), _],
-//!     [None, 0],
-//! ]
-//! ```
-//!
-//! and `p` is [Some(false), 0], then we don't care about row 2 since we know `p` only
-//! matches values that row 2 doesn't. For row 1 however, we need to dig into the
-//! arguments of `Some` to know whether some new value is covered. So we compute
-//! `U([[true, _]], [false, 0])`.
-//!
-//!   - If `p_1 == _`, then we look at the list of constructors that appear in the first
-//! component of the rows of `P`:
-//!   + If there are some constructors that aren't present, then we might think that the
-//! wildcard `_` is useful, since it covers those constructors that weren't covered
-//! before.
-//! That's almost correct, but only works if there were no wildcards in those first
-//! components. So we need to check that `p` is useful with respect to the rows that
-//! start with a wildcard, if there are any. This is where `S(_, x)` comes in:
-//! `U(P, p) := U(S(_, P), S(_, p))`
-//!
-//! For example, if `P` is:
-//!
-//! ```
-//! [
-//!     [_, true, _],
-//!     [None, false, 1],
-//! ]
-//! ```
-//!
-//! and `p` is [_, false, _], the `Some` constructor doesn't appear in `P`. So if we
-//! only had row 2, we'd know that `p` is useful. However row 1 starts with a
-//! wildcard, so we need to check whether `U([[true, _]], [false, 1])`.
-//!
-//!   + Otherwise, all possible constructors (for the relevant type) are present. In this
-//! case we must check whether the wildcard pattern covers any unmatched value. For
-//! that, we can think of the `_` pattern as a big OR-pattern that covers all
-//! possible constructors. For `Option`, that would mean `_ = None | Some(_)` for
-//! example. The wildcard pattern is useful in this case if it is useful when
-//! specialized to one of the possible constructors. So we compute:
-//! `U(P, p) := ∃(k ϵ constructors) U(S(k, P), S(k, p))`
-//!
-//! For example, if `P` is:
-//!
-//! ```
-//! [
-//!     [Some(true), _],
-//!     [None, false],
-//! ]
-//! ```
-//!
-//! and `p` is [_, false], both `None` and `Some` constructors appear in the first
-//! components of `P`. We will therefore try popping both constructors in turn: we
-//! compute `U([[true, _]], [_, false])` for the `Some` constructor, and `U([[false]],
-//! [false])` for the `None` constructor. The first case returns true, so we know that
-//! `p` is useful for `P`. Indeed, it matches `[Some(false), _]` that wasn't matched
-//! before.
-//!
-//!   - If `p_1 == r_1 | r_2`, then the usefulness depends on each `r_i` separately:
-//! `U(P, p) := U(P, (r_1, p_2, .., p_n))
-//!  || U(P, (r_2, p_2, .., p_n))`
-//!
-//! Modifications to the algorithm
-//! ------------------------------
-//! The algorithm in the paper doesn't cover some of the special cases that arise in Rust, for
-//! example uninhabited types and variable-length slice patterns. These are drawn attention to
-//! throughout the code below. I'll make a quick note here about how exhaustive integer matching is
-//! accounted for, though.
-//!
-//! Exhaustive integer matching
-//! ---------------------------
-//! An integer type can be thought of as a (huge) sum type: 1 | 2 | 3 | ...
-//! So to support exhaustive integer matching, we can make use of the logic in the paper for
-//! OR-patterns. However, we obviously can't just treat ranges x..=y as individual sums, because
-//! they are likely gigantic. So we instead treat ranges as constructors of the integers. This means
-//! that we have a constructor *of* constructors (the integers themselves). We then need to work
-//! through all the inductive step rules above, deriving how the ranges would be treated as
-//! OR-patterns, and making sure that they're treated in the same way even when they're ranges.
-//! There are really only four special cases here:
-//! - When we match on a constructor that's actually a range, we have to treat it as if we would
-//!   an OR-pattern.
-//!     + It turns out that we can simply extend the case for single-value patterns in
-//!      `specialize` to either be *equal* to a value constructor, or *contained within* a range
-//!      constructor.
-//!     + When the pattern itself is a range, you just want to tell whether any of the values in
-//!       the pattern range coincide with values in the constructor range, which is precisely
-//!       intersection.
-//!   Since when encountering a range pattern for a value constructor, we also use inclusion, it
-//!   means that whenever the constructor is a value/range and the pattern is also a value/range,
-//!   we can simply use intersection to test usefulness.
-//! - When we're testing for usefulness of a pattern and the pattern's first component is a
-//!   wildcard.
-//!     + If all the constructors appear in the matrix, we have a slight complication. By default,
-//!       the behaviour (i.e., a disjunction over specialised matrices for each constructor) is
-//!       invalid, because we want a disjunction over every *integer* in each range, not just a
-//!       disjunction over every range. This is a bit more tricky to deal with: essentially we need
-//!       to form equivalence classes of subranges of the constructor range for which the behaviour
-//!       of the matrix `P` and new pattern `p` are the same. This is described in more
-//!       detail in `Constructor::split`.
-//!     + If some constructors are missing from the matrix, it turns out we don't need to do
-//!       anything special (because we know none of the integers are actually wildcards: i.e., we
-//!       can't span wildcards using ranges).
+//! This module provides functions to deconstruct and reconstruct patterns into a constructor
+//! applied to some fields. This is used by the `_match` module to compute pattern
+//! usefulness/exhaustiveness.
 use self::Constructor::*;
 use self::SliceKind::*;
-use self::Usefulness::*;
-use self::WitnessPreference::*;
+
+use super::compare_const_vals;
+use super::usefulness::{MatchCheckCtxt, PatCtxt};
+use super::{FieldPat, Pat, PatKind, PatRange};
 
 use rustc_data_structures::captures::Captures;
-use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashSet;
-use rustc_data_structures::sync::OnceCell;
 use rustc_index::vec::Idx;
 
-use super::{compare_const_vals, PatternFoldable, PatternFolder};
-use super::{FieldPat, Pat, PatKind, PatRange};
-
-use rustc_arena::TypedArena;
 use rustc_attr::{SignedInt, UnsignedInt};
 use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc_hir::{HirId, RangeEnd};
@@ -321,281 +24,344 @@ use rustc_target::abi::{Integer, Size, VariantIdx};
 
 use smallvec::{smallvec, SmallVec};
 use std::cmp::{self, max, min, Ordering};
-use std::fmt;
-use std::iter::{FromIterator, IntoIterator};
+use std::iter::IntoIterator;
 use std::ops::RangeInclusive;
 
-crate fn expand_pattern<'tcx>(pat: Pat<'tcx>) -> Pat<'tcx> {
-    LiteralExpander.fold_pattern(&pat)
-}
-
-struct LiteralExpander;
-
-impl<'tcx> PatternFolder<'tcx> for LiteralExpander {
-    fn fold_pattern(&mut self, pat: &Pat<'tcx>) -> Pat<'tcx> {
-        debug!("fold_pattern {:?} {:?} {:?}", pat, pat.ty.kind(), pat.kind);
-        match (pat.ty.kind(), pat.kind.as_ref()) {
-            (_, PatKind::Binding { subpattern: Some(s), .. }) => s.fold_with(self),
-            (_, PatKind::AscribeUserType { subpattern: s, .. }) => s.fold_with(self),
-            (ty::Ref(_, t, _), PatKind::Constant { .. }) if t.is_str() => {
-                // Treat string literal patterns as deref patterns to a `str` constant, i.e.
-                // `&CONST`. This expands them like other const patterns. This could have been done
-                // in `const_to_pat`, but that causes issues with the rest of the matching code.
-                let mut new_pat = pat.super_fold_with(self);
-                // Make a fake const pattern of type `str` (instead of `&str`). That the carried
-                // constant value still knows it is of type `&str`.
-                new_pat.ty = t;
-                Pat {
-                    kind: Box::new(PatKind::Deref { subpattern: new_pat }),
-                    span: pat.span,
-                    ty: pat.ty,
-                }
-            }
-            _ => pat.super_fold_with(self),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'tcx> Pat<'tcx> {
-    pub(super) fn is_wildcard(&self) -> bool {
-        matches!(*self.kind, PatKind::Binding { subpattern: None, .. } | PatKind::Wild)
-    }
-}
-
-/// A row of a matrix. Rows of len 1 are very common, which is why `SmallVec[_; 2]`
-/// works well.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-struct PatStack<'p, 'tcx> {
-    pats: SmallVec<[&'p Pat<'tcx>; 2]>,
-    /// Cache for the constructor of the head
-    head_ctor: OnceCell<Constructor<'tcx>>,
+/// An inclusive interval, used for precise integer exhaustiveness checking.
+/// `IntRange`s always store a contiguous range. This means that values are
+/// encoded such that `0` encodes the minimum value for the integer,
+/// regardless of the signedness.
+/// For example, the pattern `-128..=127i8` is encoded as `0..=255`.
+/// This makes comparisons and arithmetic on interval endpoints much more
+/// straightforward. See `signed_bias` for details.
+///
+/// `IntRange` is never used to encode an empty range or a "range" that wraps
+/// around the (offset) space: i.e., `range.lo <= range.hi`.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub(super) struct IntRange<'tcx> {
+    range: RangeInclusive<u128>,
+    ty: Ty<'tcx>,
+    span: Span,
 }
 
-impl<'p, 'tcx> PatStack<'p, 'tcx> {
-    fn from_pattern(pat: &'p Pat<'tcx>) -> Self {
-        Self::from_vec(smallvec![pat])
-    }
-
-    fn from_vec(vec: SmallVec<[&'p Pat<'tcx>; 2]>) -> Self {
-        PatStack { pats: vec, head_ctor: OnceCell::new() }
+impl<'tcx> IntRange<'tcx> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn is_integral(ty: Ty<'_>) -> bool {
+        matches!(ty.kind(), ty::Char | ty::Int(_) | ty::Uint(_) | ty::Bool)
     }
 
-    fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
-        self.pats.is_empty()
+    fn is_singleton(&self) -> bool {
+        self.range.start() == self.range.end()
     }
 
-    fn len(&self) -> usize {
-        self.pats.len()
+    fn boundaries(&self) -> (u128, u128) {
+        (*self.range.start(), *self.range.end())
     }
 
-    fn head(&self) -> &'p Pat<'tcx> {
-        self.pats[0]
+    /// Don't treat `usize`/`isize` exhaustively unless the `precise_pointer_size_matching` feature
+    /// is enabled.
+    fn treat_exhaustively(&self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> bool {
+        !self.ty.is_ptr_sized_integral() || tcx.features().precise_pointer_size_matching
     }
 
-    fn head_ctor<'a>(&'a self, cx: &MatchCheckCtxt<'p, 'tcx>) -> &'a Constructor<'tcx> {
-        self.head_ctor.get_or_init(|| pat_constructor(cx, self.head()))
+    #[inline]
+    fn integral_size_and_signed_bias(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'_>) -> Option<(Size, u128)> {
+        match *ty.kind() {
+            ty::Bool => Some((Size::from_bytes(1), 0)),
+            ty::Char => Some((Size::from_bytes(4), 0)),
+            ty::Int(ity) => {
+                let size = Integer::from_attr(&tcx, SignedInt(ity)).size();
+                Some((size, 1u128 << (size.bits() as u128 - 1)))
+            }
+            ty::Uint(uty) => Some((Integer::from_attr(&tcx, UnsignedInt(uty)).size(), 0)),
+            _ => None,
+        }
     }
 
-    fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &Pat<'tcx>> {
-        self.pats.iter().copied()
+    #[inline]
+    fn from_const(
+        tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+        param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
+        value: &Const<'tcx>,
+        span: Span,
+    ) -> Option<IntRange<'tcx>> {
+        if let Some((target_size, bias)) = Self::integral_size_and_signed_bias(tcx, value.ty) {
+            let ty = value.ty;
+            let val = (|| {
+                if let ty::ConstKind::Value(ConstValue::Scalar(scalar)) = value.val {
+                    // For this specific pattern we can skip a lot of effort and go
+                    // straight to the result, after doing a bit of checking. (We
+                    // could remove this branch and just fall through, which
+                    // is more general but much slower.)
+                    if let Ok(bits) = scalar.to_bits_or_ptr(target_size, &tcx) {
+                        return Some(bits);
+                    }
+                }
+                // This is a more general form of the previous case.
+                value.try_eval_bits(tcx, param_env, ty)
+            })()?;
+            let val = val ^ bias;
+            Some(IntRange { range: val..=val, ty, span })
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
     }
 
-    // If the first pattern is an or-pattern, expand this pattern. Otherwise, return `None`.
-    fn expand_or_pat(&self) -> Option<Vec<Self>> {
-        if self.is_empty() {
-            None
-        } else if let PatKind::Or { pats } = &*self.head().kind {
-            Some(
-                pats.iter()
-                    .map(|pat| {
-                        let mut new_patstack = PatStack::from_pattern(pat);
-                        new_patstack.pats.extend_from_slice(&self.pats[1..]);
-                        new_patstack
-                    })
-                    .collect(),
-            )
+    #[inline]
+    fn from_range(
+        tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+        lo: u128,
+        hi: u128,
+        ty: Ty<'tcx>,
+        end: &RangeEnd,
+        span: Span,
+    ) -> Option<IntRange<'tcx>> {
+        if Self::is_integral(ty) {
+            // Perform a shift if the underlying types are signed,
+            // which makes the interval arithmetic simpler.
+            let bias = IntRange::signed_bias(tcx, ty);
+            let (lo, hi) = (lo ^ bias, hi ^ bias);
+            let offset = (*end == RangeEnd::Excluded) as u128;
+            if lo > hi || (lo == hi && *end == RangeEnd::Excluded) {
+                // This should have been caught earlier by E0030.
+                bug!("malformed range pattern: {}..={}", lo, (hi - offset));
+            }
+            Some(IntRange { range: lo..=(hi - offset), ty, span })
         } else {
             None
         }
     }
 
-    /// This computes `S(self.head_ctor(), self)`. See top of the file for explanations.
-    ///
-    /// Structure patterns with a partial wild pattern (Foo { a: 42, .. }) have their missing
-    /// fields filled with wild patterns.
-    ///
-    /// This is roughly the inverse of `Constructor::apply`.
-    fn pop_head_constructor(&self, ctor_wild_subpatterns: &Fields<'p, 'tcx>) -> PatStack<'p, 'tcx> {
-        // We pop the head pattern and push the new fields extracted from the arguments of
-        // `self.head()`.
-        let new_fields = ctor_wild_subpatterns.replace_with_pattern_arguments(self.head());
-        new_fields.push_on_patstack(&self.pats[1..])
+    // The return value of `signed_bias` should be XORed with an endpoint to encode/decode it.
+    fn signed_bias(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> u128 {
+        match *ty.kind() {
+            ty::Int(ity) => {
+                let bits = Integer::from_attr(&tcx, SignedInt(ity)).size().bits() as u128;
+                1u128 << (bits - 1)
+            }
+            _ => 0,
+        }
     }
-}
 
-impl<'p, 'tcx> Default for PatStack<'p, 'tcx> {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self::from_vec(smallvec![])
+    fn is_subrange(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        other.range.start() <= self.range.start() && self.range.end() <= other.range.end()
     }
-}
 
-impl<'p, 'tcx> PartialEq for PatStack<'p, 'tcx> {
-    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
-        self.pats == other.pats
+    fn intersection(&self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, other: &Self) -> Option<Self> {
+        let ty = self.ty;
+        let (lo, hi) = self.boundaries();
+        let (other_lo, other_hi) = other.boundaries();
+        if self.treat_exhaustively(tcx) {
+            if lo <= other_hi && other_lo <= hi {
+                let span = other.span;
+                Some(IntRange { range: max(lo, other_lo)..=min(hi, other_hi), ty, span })
+            } else {
+                None
+            }
+        } else {
+            // If the range should not be treated exhaustively, fallback to checking for inclusion.
+            if self.is_subrange(other) { Some(self.clone()) } else { None }
+        }
     }
-}
 
-impl<'p, 'tcx> FromIterator<&'p Pat<'tcx>> for PatStack<'p, 'tcx> {
-    fn from_iter<T>(iter: T) -> Self
-    where
-        T: IntoIterator<Item = &'p Pat<'tcx>>,
-    {
-        Self::from_vec(iter.into_iter().collect())
+    fn suspicious_intersection(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        // `false` in the following cases:
+        // 1     ----      // 1  ----------   // 1 ----        // 1       ----
+        // 2  ----------   // 2     ----      // 2       ----  // 2 ----
+        //
+        // The following are currently `false`, but could be `true` in the future (#64007):
+        // 1 ---------       // 1     ---------
+        // 2     ----------  // 2 ----------
+        //
+        // `true` in the following cases:
+        // 1 -------          // 1       -------
+        // 2       --------   // 2 -------
+        let (lo, hi) = self.boundaries();
+        let (other_lo, other_hi) = other.boundaries();
+        lo == other_hi || hi == other_lo
     }
-}
 
-/// A 2D matrix.
-#[derive(Clone, PartialEq)]
-struct Matrix<'p, 'tcx> {
-    patterns: Vec<PatStack<'p, 'tcx>>,
-}
+    fn to_pat(&self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> Pat<'tcx> {
+        let (lo, hi) = self.boundaries();
 
-impl<'p, 'tcx> Matrix<'p, 'tcx> {
-    fn empty() -> Self {
-        Matrix { patterns: vec![] }
-    }
+        let bias = IntRange::signed_bias(tcx, self.ty);
+        let (lo, hi) = (lo ^ bias, hi ^ bias);
 
-    /// Pushes a new row to the matrix. If the row starts with an or-pattern, this expands it.
-    fn push(&mut self, row: PatStack<'p, 'tcx>) {
-        if let Some(rows) = row.expand_or_pat() {
-            for row in rows {
-                // We recursively expand the or-patterns of the new rows.
-                // This is necessary as we might have `0 | (1 | 2)` or e.g., `x @ 0 | x @ (1 | 2)`.
-                self.push(row)
-            }
-        } else {
-            self.patterns.push(row);
-        }
-    }
+        let ty = ty::ParamEnv::empty().and(self.ty);
+        let lo_const = ty::Const::from_bits(tcx, lo, ty);
+        let hi_const = ty::Const::from_bits(tcx, hi, ty);
 
-    /// Iterate over the first component of each row
-    fn heads<'a>(&'a self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &'a Pat<'tcx>> + Captures<'p> {
-        self.patterns.iter().map(|r| r.head())
-    }
+        let kind = if lo == hi {
+            PatKind::Constant { value: lo_const }
+        } else {
+            PatKind::Range(PatRange { lo: lo_const, hi: hi_const, end: RangeEnd::Included })
+        };
 
-    /// Iterate over the first constructor of each row
-    fn head_ctors<'a>(
-        &'a self,
-        cx: &'a MatchCheckCtxt<'p, 'tcx>,
-    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = &'a Constructor<'tcx>> + Captures<'a> + Captures<'p> {
-        self.patterns.iter().map(move |r| r.head_ctor(cx))
+        // This is a brand new pattern, so we don't reuse `self.span`.
+        Pat { ty: self.ty, span: DUMMY_SP, kind: Box::new(kind) }
     }
 
-    /// This computes `S(constructor, self)`. See top of the file for explanations.
-    fn specialize_constructor(
+    /// For exhaustive integer matching, some constructors are grouped within other constructors
+    /// (namely integer typed values are grouped within ranges). However, when specialising these
+    /// constructors, we want to be specialising for the underlying constructors (the integers), not
+    /// the groups (the ranges). Thus we need to split the groups up. Splitting them up naïvely would
+    /// mean creating a separate constructor for every single value in the range, which is clearly
+    /// impractical. However, observe that for some ranges of integers, the specialisation will be
+    /// identical across all values in that range (i.e., there are equivalence classes of ranges of
+    /// constructors based on their `U(S(c, P), S(c, p))` outcome). These classes are grouped by
+    /// the patterns that apply to them (in the matrix `P`). We can split the range whenever the
+    /// patterns that apply to that range (specifically: the patterns that *intersect* with that range)
+    /// change.
+    /// Our solution, therefore, is to split the range constructor into subranges at every single point
+    /// the group of intersecting patterns changes (using the method described below).
+    /// And voilà! We're testing precisely those ranges that we need to, without any exhaustive matching
+    /// on actual integers. The nice thing about this is that the number of subranges is linear in the
+    /// number of rows in the matrix (i.e., the number of cases in the `match` statement), so we don't
+    /// need to be worried about matching over gargantuan ranges.
+    ///
+    /// Essentially, given the first column of a matrix representing ranges, looking like the following:
+    ///
+    /// |------|  |----------| |-------|    ||
+    ///    |-------| |-------|            |----| ||
+    ///       |---------|
+    ///
+    /// We split the ranges up into equivalence classes so the ranges are no longer overlapping:
+    ///
+    /// |--|--|||-||||--||---|||-------|  |-|||| ||
+    ///
+    /// The logic for determining how to split the ranges is fairly straightforward: we calculate
+    /// boundaries for each interval range, sort them, then create constructors for each new interval
+    /// between every pair of boundary points. (This essentially sums up to performing the intuitive
+    /// merging operation depicted above.)
+    fn split<'p>(
         &self,
         pcx: PatCtxt<'_, 'p, 'tcx>,
-        ctor: &Constructor<'tcx>,
-        ctor_wild_subpatterns: &Fields<'p, 'tcx>,
-    ) -> Matrix<'p, 'tcx> {
-        self.patterns
-            .iter()
-            .filter(|r| ctor.is_covered_by(pcx, r.head_ctor(pcx.cx)))
-            .map(|r| r.pop_head_constructor(ctor_wild_subpatterns))
-            .collect()
-    }
-}
+        hir_id: Option<HirId>,
+    ) -> SmallVec<[Constructor<'tcx>; 1]> {
+        let ty = pcx.ty;
 
-/// Pretty-printer for matrices of patterns, example:
-///
-/// ```text
-/// +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
-/// + _     + []                +
-/// +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
-/// + true  + [First]           +
-/// +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
-/// + true  + [Second(true)]    +
-/// +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
-/// + false + [_]               +
-/// +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
-/// + _     + [_, _, tail @ ..] +
-/// +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
-/// ```
-impl<'p, 'tcx> fmt::Debug for Matrix<'p, 'tcx> {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        write!(f, "\n")?;
-
-        let Matrix { patterns: m, .. } = self;
-        let pretty_printed_matrix: Vec<Vec<String>> =
-            m.iter().map(|row| row.iter().map(|pat| format!("{:?}", pat)).collect()).collect();
-
-        let column_count = m.iter().map(|row| row.len()).max().unwrap_or(0);
-        assert!(m.iter().all(|row| row.len() == column_count));
-        let column_widths: Vec<usize> = (0..column_count)
-            .map(|col| pretty_printed_matrix.iter().map(|row| row[col].len()).max().unwrap_or(0))
-            .collect();
-
-        let total_width = column_widths.iter().cloned().sum::<usize>() + column_count * 3 + 1;
-        let br = "+".repeat(total_width);
-        write!(f, "{}\n", br)?;
-        for row in pretty_printed_matrix {
-            write!(f, "+")?;
-            for (column, pat_str) in row.into_iter().enumerate() {
-                write!(f, " ")?;
-                write!(f, "{:1$}", pat_str, column_widths[column])?;
-                write!(f, " +")?;
-            }
-            write!(f, "\n")?;
-            write!(f, "{}\n", br)?;
+        /// Represents a border between 2 integers. Because the intervals spanning borders
+        /// must be able to cover every integer, we need to be able to represent
+        /// 2^128 + 1 such borders.
+        #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Debug)]
+        enum Border {
+            JustBefore(u128),
+            AfterMax,
         }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
 
-impl<'p, 'tcx> FromIterator<PatStack<'p, 'tcx>> for Matrix<'p, 'tcx> {
-    fn from_iter<T>(iter: T) -> Self
-    where
-        T: IntoIterator<Item = PatStack<'p, 'tcx>>,
-    {
-        let mut matrix = Matrix::empty();
-        for x in iter {
-            // Using `push` ensures we correctly expand or-patterns.
-            matrix.push(x);
+        // A function for extracting the borders of an integer interval.
+        fn range_borders(r: IntRange<'_>) -> impl Iterator<Item = Border> {
+            let (lo, hi) = r.range.into_inner();
+            let from = Border::JustBefore(lo);
+            let to = match hi.checked_add(1) {
+                Some(m) => Border::JustBefore(m),
+                None => Border::AfterMax,
+            };
+            vec![from, to].into_iter()
         }
-        matrix
+
+        // Collect the span and range of all the intersecting ranges to lint on likely
+        // incorrect range patterns. (#63987)
+        let mut overlaps = vec![];
+        let row_len = pcx.matrix.column_count().unwrap_or(0);
+        // `borders` is the set of borders between equivalence classes: each equivalence
+        // class lies between 2 borders.
+        let row_borders = pcx
+            .matrix
+            .head_ctors(pcx.cx)
+            .filter_map(|ctor| ctor.as_int_range())
+            .filter_map(|range| {
+                let intersection = self.intersection(pcx.cx.tcx, &range);
+                let should_lint = self.suspicious_intersection(&range);
+                if let (Some(range), 1, true) = (&intersection, row_len, should_lint) {
+                    // FIXME: for now, only check for overlapping ranges on simple range
+                    // patterns. Otherwise with the current logic the following is detected
+                    // as overlapping:
+                    //   match (10u8, true) {
+                    //    (0 ..= 125, false) => {}
+                    //    (126 ..= 255, false) => {}
+                    //    (0 ..= 255, true) => {}
+                    //  }
+                    overlaps.push(range.clone());
+                }
+                intersection
+            })
+            .flat_map(range_borders);
+        let self_borders = range_borders(self.clone());
+        let mut borders: Vec<_> = row_borders.chain(self_borders).collect();
+        borders.sort_unstable();
+
+        self.lint_overlapping_patterns(pcx.cx.tcx, hir_id, ty, overlaps);
+
+        // We're going to iterate through every adjacent pair of borders, making sure that
+        // each represents an interval of nonnegative length, and convert each such
+        // interval into a constructor.
+        borders
+            .array_windows()
+            .filter_map(|&pair| match pair {
+                [Border::JustBefore(n), Border::JustBefore(m)] => {
+                    if n < m {
+                        Some(n..=(m - 1))
+                    } else {
+                        None
+                    }
+                }
+                [Border::JustBefore(n), Border::AfterMax] => Some(n..=u128::MAX),
+                [Border::AfterMax, _] => None,
+            })
+            .map(|range| IntRange { range, ty, span: pcx.span })
+            .map(IntRange)
+            .collect()
     }
-}
 
-crate struct MatchCheckCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
-    crate tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-    /// The module in which the match occurs. This is necessary for
-    /// checking inhabited-ness of types because whether a type is (visibly)
-    /// inhabited can depend on whether it was defined in the current module or
-    /// not. E.g., `struct Foo { _private: ! }` cannot be seen to be empty
-    /// outside it's module and should not be matchable with an empty match
-    /// statement.
-    crate module: DefId,
-    crate param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
-    crate pattern_arena: &'a TypedArena<Pat<'tcx>>,
-}
+    fn lint_overlapping_patterns(
+        &self,
+        tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+        hir_id: Option<HirId>,
+        ty: Ty<'tcx>,
+        overlaps: Vec<IntRange<'tcx>>,
+    ) {
+        if let (true, Some(hir_id)) = (!overlaps.is_empty(), hir_id) {
+            tcx.struct_span_lint_hir(
+                lint::builtin::OVERLAPPING_PATTERNS,
+                hir_id,
+                self.span,
+                |lint| {
+                    let mut err = lint.build("multiple patterns covering the same range");
+                    err.span_label(self.span, "overlapping patterns");
+                    for int_range in overlaps {
+                        // Use the real type for user display of the ranges:
+                        err.span_label(
+                            int_range.span,
+                            &format!(
+                                "this range overlaps on `{}`",
+                                IntRange { range: int_range.range, ty, span: DUMMY_SP }.to_pat(tcx),
+                            ),
+                        );
+                    }
+                    err.emit();
+                },
+            );
+        }
+    }
 
-impl<'a, 'tcx> MatchCheckCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
-    fn is_uninhabited(&self, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> bool {
-        if self.tcx.features().exhaustive_patterns {
-            self.tcx.is_ty_uninhabited_from(self.module, ty, self.param_env)
+    /// See `Constructor::is_covered_by`
+    fn is_covered_by<'p>(&self, pcx: PatCtxt<'_, 'p, 'tcx>, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        if self.intersection(pcx.cx.tcx, other).is_some() {
+            // Constructor splitting should ensure that all intersections we encounter are actually
+            // inclusions.
+            assert!(self.is_subrange(other));
+            true
         } else {
             false
         }
     }
+}
 
-    /// Returns whether the given type is an enum from another crate declared `#[non_exhaustive]`.
-    fn is_foreign_non_exhaustive_enum(&self, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> bool {
-        match ty.kind() {
-            ty::Adt(def, ..) => {
-                def.is_enum() && def.is_variant_list_non_exhaustive() && !def.did.is_local()
-            }
-            _ => false,
-        }
+/// Ignore spans when comparing, they don't carry semantic information as they are only for lints.
+impl<'tcx> std::cmp::PartialEq for IntRange<'tcx> {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.range == other.range && self.ty == other.ty
     }
 }
 
@@ -630,7 +396,7 @@ impl SliceKind {
 
 /// A constructor for array and slice patterns.
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-struct Slice {
+pub(super) struct Slice {
     /// `None` if the matched value is a slice, `Some(n)` if it is an array of size `n`.
     array_len: Option<u64>,
     /// The kind of pattern it is: fixed-length `[x, y]` or variable length `[x, .., y]`.
@@ -785,7 +551,7 @@ impl Slice {
 /// constructor. `Constructor::apply` reconstructs the pattern from a pair of `Constructor` and
 /// `Fields`.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
-enum Constructor<'tcx> {
+pub(super) enum Constructor<'tcx> {
     /// The constructor for patterns that have a single constructor, like tuples, struct patterns
     /// and fixed-length arrays.
     Single,
@@ -811,7 +577,7 @@ enum Constructor<'tcx> {
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> Constructor<'tcx> {
-    fn is_wildcard(&self) -> bool {
+    pub(super) fn is_wildcard(&self) -> bool {
         matches!(self, Wildcard)
     }
 
@@ -840,6 +606,67 @@ impl<'tcx> Constructor<'tcx> {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Determines the constructor that the given pattern can be specialized to.
+    pub(super) fn from_pat<'p>(cx: &MatchCheckCtxt<'p, 'tcx>, pat: &'p Pat<'tcx>) -> Self {
+        match pat.kind.as_ref() {
+            PatKind::AscribeUserType { .. } => bug!(), // Handled by `expand_pattern`
+            PatKind::Binding { .. } | PatKind::Wild => Wildcard,
+            PatKind::Leaf { .. } | PatKind::Deref { .. } => Single,
+            &PatKind::Variant { adt_def, variant_index, .. } => {
+                Variant(adt_def.variants[variant_index].def_id)
+            }
+            PatKind::Constant { value } => {
+                if let Some(int_range) = IntRange::from_const(cx.tcx, cx.param_env, value, pat.span)
+                {
+                    IntRange(int_range)
+                } else {
+                    match pat.ty.kind() {
+                        ty::Float(_) => FloatRange(value, value, RangeEnd::Included),
+                        // In `expand_pattern`, we convert string literals to `&CONST` patterns with
+                        // `CONST` a pattern of type `str`. In truth this contains a constant of type
+                        // `&str`.
+                        ty::Str => Str(value),
+                        // All constants that can be structurally matched have already been expanded
+                        // into the corresponding `Pat`s by `const_to_pat`. Constants that remain are
+                        // opaque.
+                        _ => Opaque,
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            &PatKind::Range(PatRange { lo, hi, end }) => {
+                let ty = lo.ty;
+                if let Some(int_range) = IntRange::from_range(
+                    cx.tcx,
+                    lo.eval_bits(cx.tcx, cx.param_env, lo.ty),
+                    hi.eval_bits(cx.tcx, cx.param_env, hi.ty),
+                    ty,
+                    &end,
+                    pat.span,
+                ) {
+                    IntRange(int_range)
+                } else {
+                    FloatRange(lo, hi, end)
+                }
+            }
+            PatKind::Array { prefix, slice, suffix } | PatKind::Slice { prefix, slice, suffix } => {
+                let array_len = match pat.ty.kind() {
+                    ty::Array(_, length) => Some(length.eval_usize(cx.tcx, cx.param_env)),
+                    ty::Slice(_) => None,
+                    _ => span_bug!(pat.span, "bad ty {:?} for slice pattern", pat.ty),
+                };
+                let prefix = prefix.len() as u64;
+                let suffix = suffix.len() as u64;
+                let kind = if slice.is_some() {
+                    VarLen(prefix, suffix)
+                } else {
+                    FixedLen(prefix + suffix)
+                };
+                Slice(Slice::new(array_len, kind))
+            }
+            PatKind::Or { .. } => bug!("Or-pattern should have been expanded earlier on."),
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Some constructors (namely `Wildcard`, `IntRange` and `Slice`) actually stand for a set of actual
     /// constructors (like variants, integers or fixed-sized slices). When specializing for these
     /// constructors, we want to be specialising for the actual underlying constructors.
@@ -856,7 +683,11 @@ impl<'tcx> Constructor<'tcx> {
     ///
     /// `hir_id` is `None` when we're evaluating the wildcard pattern. In that case we do not want
     /// to lint for overlapping ranges.
-    fn split<'p>(&self, pcx: PatCtxt<'_, 'p, 'tcx>, hir_id: Option<HirId>) -> SmallVec<[Self; 1]> {
+    pub(super) fn split<'p>(
+        &self,
+        pcx: PatCtxt<'_, 'p, 'tcx>,
+        hir_id: Option<HirId>,
+    ) -> SmallVec<[Self; 1]> {
         debug!("Constructor::split({:#?}, {:#?})", self, pcx.matrix);
 
         match self {
@@ -898,7 +729,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Constructor<'tcx> {
     /// Returns whether `self` is covered by `other`, i.e. whether `self` is a subset of `other`.
     /// For the simple cases, this is simply checking for equality. For the "grouped" constructors,
     /// this checks for inclusion.
-    fn is_covered_by<'p>(&self, pcx: PatCtxt<'_, 'p, 'tcx>, other: &Self) -> bool {
+    pub(super) fn is_covered_by<'p>(&self, pcx: PatCtxt<'_, 'p, 'tcx>, other: &Self) -> bool {
         // This must be kept in sync with `is_covered_by_any`.
         match (self, other) {
             // Wildcards cover anything
@@ -984,92 +815,204 @@ impl<'tcx> Constructor<'tcx> {
             }
         }
     }
+}
 
-    /// Apply a constructor to a list of patterns, yielding a new pattern. `pats`
-    /// must have as many elements as this constructor's arity.
-    ///
-    /// This is roughly the inverse of `specialize_constructor`.
-    ///
-    /// Examples:
-    /// `self`: `Constructor::Single`
-    /// `ty`: `(u32, u32, u32)`
-    /// `pats`: `[10, 20, _]`
-    /// returns `(10, 20, _)`
-    ///
-    /// `self`: `Constructor::Variant(Option::Some)`
-    /// `ty`: `Option<bool>`
-    /// `pats`: `[false]`
-    /// returns `Some(false)`
-    fn apply<'p>(&self, pcx: PatCtxt<'_, 'p, 'tcx>, fields: Fields<'p, 'tcx>) -> Pat<'tcx> {
-        let mut subpatterns = fields.all_patterns();
+/// This determines the set of all possible constructors of a pattern matching
+/// values of type `left_ty`. For vectors, this would normally be an infinite set
+/// but is instead bounded by the maximum fixed length of slice patterns in
+/// the column of patterns being analyzed.
+///
+/// We make sure to omit constructors that are statically impossible. E.g., for
+/// `Option<!>`, we do not include `Some(_)` in the returned list of constructors.
+/// Invariant: this returns an empty `Vec` if and only if the type is uninhabited (as determined by
+/// `cx.is_uninhabited()`).
+fn all_constructors<'p, 'tcx>(pcx: PatCtxt<'_, 'p, 'tcx>) -> Vec<Constructor<'tcx>> {
+    debug!("all_constructors({:?})", pcx.ty);
+    let cx = pcx.cx;
+    let make_range = |start, end| {
+        IntRange(
+            // `unwrap()` is ok because we know the type is an integer.
+            IntRange::from_range(cx.tcx, start, end, pcx.ty, &RangeEnd::Included, pcx.span)
+                .unwrap(),
+        )
+    };
+    match pcx.ty.kind() {
+        ty::Bool => vec![make_range(0, 1)],
+        ty::Array(sub_ty, len) if len.try_eval_usize(cx.tcx, cx.param_env).is_some() => {
+            let len = len.eval_usize(cx.tcx, cx.param_env);
+            if len != 0 && cx.is_uninhabited(sub_ty) {
+                vec![]
+            } else {
+                vec![Slice(Slice::new(Some(len), VarLen(0, 0)))]
+            }
+        }
+        // Treat arrays of a constant but unknown length like slices.
+        ty::Array(sub_ty, _) | ty::Slice(sub_ty) => {
+            let kind = if cx.is_uninhabited(sub_ty) { FixedLen(0) } else { VarLen(0, 0) };
+            vec![Slice(Slice::new(None, kind))]
+        }
+        ty::Adt(def, substs) if def.is_enum() => {
+            // If the enum is declared as `#[non_exhaustive]`, we treat it as if it had an
+            // additional "unknown" constructor.
+            // There is no point in enumerating all possible variants, because the user can't
+            // actually match against them all themselves. So we always return only the fictitious
+            // constructor.
+            // E.g., in an example like:
+            //
+            // ```
+            //     let err: io::ErrorKind = ...;
+            //     match err {
+            //         io::ErrorKind::NotFound => {},
+            //     }
+            // ```
+            //
+            // we don't want to show every possible IO error, but instead have only `_` as the
+            // witness.
+            let is_declared_nonexhaustive = cx.is_foreign_non_exhaustive_enum(pcx.ty);
 
-        let pat = match self {
-            Single | Variant(_) => match pcx.ty.kind() {
-                ty::Adt(..) | ty::Tuple(..) => {
-                    let subpatterns = subpatterns
-                        .enumerate()
-                        .map(|(i, p)| FieldPat { field: Field::new(i), pattern: p })
-                        .collect();
+            // If `exhaustive_patterns` is disabled and our scrutinee is an empty enum, we treat it
+            // as though it had an "unknown" constructor to avoid exposing its emptiness. The
+            // exception is if the pattern is at the top level, because we want empty matches to be
+            // considered exhaustive.
+            let is_secretly_empty = def.variants.is_empty()
+                && !cx.tcx.features().exhaustive_patterns
+                && !pcx.is_top_level;
 
-                    if let ty::Adt(adt, substs) = pcx.ty.kind() {
-                        if adt.is_enum() {
-                            PatKind::Variant {
-                                adt_def: adt,
-                                substs,
-                                variant_index: self.variant_index_for_adt(adt),
-                                subpatterns,
-                            }
-                        } else {
-                            PatKind::Leaf { subpatterns }
-                        }
-                    } else {
-                        PatKind::Leaf { subpatterns }
-                    }
-                }
-                // Note: given the expansion of `&str` patterns done in `expand_pattern`, we should
-                // be careful to reconstruct the correct constant pattern here. However a string
-                // literal pattern will never be reported as a non-exhaustiveness witness, so we
-                // can ignore this issue.
-                ty::Ref(..) => PatKind::Deref { subpattern: subpatterns.next().unwrap() },
-                ty::Slice(_) | ty::Array(..) => bug!("bad slice pattern {:?} {:?}", self, pcx.ty),
-                _ => PatKind::Wild,
-            },
-            Slice(slice) => match slice.kind {
-                FixedLen(_) => {
-                    PatKind::Slice { prefix: subpatterns.collect(), slice: None, suffix: vec![] }
-                }
-                VarLen(prefix, _) => {
-                    let mut prefix: Vec<_> = subpatterns.by_ref().take(prefix as usize).collect();
-                    if slice.array_len.is_some() {
-                        // Improves diagnostics a bit: if the type is a known-size array, instead
-                        // of reporting `[x, _, .., _, y]`, we prefer to report `[x, .., y]`.
-                        // This is incorrect if the size is not known, since `[_, ..]` captures
-                        // arrays of lengths `>= 1` whereas `[..]` captures any length.
-                        while !prefix.is_empty() && prefix.last().unwrap().is_wildcard() {
-                            prefix.pop();
-                        }
-                    }
-                    let suffix: Vec<_> = if slice.array_len.is_some() {
-                        // Same as above.
-                        subpatterns.skip_while(Pat::is_wildcard).collect()
-                    } else {
-                        subpatterns.collect()
-                    };
-                    let wild = Pat::wildcard_from_ty(pcx.ty);
-                    PatKind::Slice { prefix, slice: Some(wild), suffix }
-                }
-            },
-            &Str(value) => PatKind::Constant { value },
-            &FloatRange(lo, hi, end) => PatKind::Range(PatRange { lo, hi, end }),
-            IntRange(range) => return range.to_pat(pcx.cx.tcx),
-            NonExhaustive => PatKind::Wild,
-            Opaque => bug!("we should not try to apply an opaque constructor"),
-            Wildcard => bug!(
-                "trying to apply a wildcard constructor; this should have been done in `apply_constructors`"
-            ),
-        };
+            if is_secretly_empty || is_declared_nonexhaustive {
+                vec![NonExhaustive]
+            } else if cx.tcx.features().exhaustive_patterns {
+                // If `exhaustive_patterns` is enabled, we exclude variants known to be
+                // uninhabited.
+                def.variants
+                    .iter()
+                    .filter(|v| {
+                        !v.uninhabited_from(cx.tcx, substs, def.adt_kind(), cx.param_env)
+                            .contains(cx.tcx, cx.module)
+                    })
+                    .map(|v| Variant(v.def_id))
+                    .collect()
+            } else {
+                def.variants.iter().map(|v| Variant(v.def_id)).collect()
+            }
+        }
+        ty::Char => {
+            vec![
+                // The valid Unicode Scalar Value ranges.
+                make_range('\u{0000}' as u128, '\u{D7FF}' as u128),
+                make_range('\u{E000}' as u128, '\u{10FFFF}' as u128),
+            ]
+        }
+        ty::Int(_) | ty::Uint(_)
+            if pcx.ty.is_ptr_sized_integral()
+                && !cx.tcx.features().precise_pointer_size_matching =>
+        {
+            // `usize`/`isize` are not allowed to be matched exhaustively unless the
+            // `precise_pointer_size_matching` feature is enabled. So we treat those types like
+            // `#[non_exhaustive]` enums by returning a special unmatcheable constructor.
+            vec![NonExhaustive]
+        }
+        &ty::Int(ity) => {
+            let bits = Integer::from_attr(&cx.tcx, SignedInt(ity)).size().bits() as u128;
+            let min = 1u128 << (bits - 1);
+            let max = min - 1;
+            vec![make_range(min, max)]
+        }
+        &ty::Uint(uty) => {
+            let size = Integer::from_attr(&cx.tcx, UnsignedInt(uty)).size();
+            let max = size.truncate(u128::MAX);
+            vec![make_range(0, max)]
+        }
+        // If `exhaustive_patterns` is disabled and our scrutinee is the never type, we cannot
+        // expose its emptiness. The exception is if the pattern is at the top level, because we
+        // want empty matches to be considered exhaustive.
+        ty::Never if !cx.tcx.features().exhaustive_patterns && !pcx.is_top_level => {
+            vec![NonExhaustive]
+        }
+        ty::Never => vec![],
+        _ if cx.is_uninhabited(pcx.ty) => vec![],
+        ty::Adt(..) | ty::Tuple(..) | ty::Ref(..) => vec![Single],
+        // This type is one for which we cannot list constructors, like `str` or `f64`.
+        _ => vec![NonExhaustive],
+    }
+}
 
-        Pat { ty: pcx.ty, span: DUMMY_SP, kind: Box::new(pat) }
+// A struct to compute a set of constructors equivalent to `all_ctors \ used_ctors`.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(super) struct MissingConstructors<'tcx> {
+    all_ctors: SmallVec<[Constructor<'tcx>; 1]>,
+    used_ctors: Vec<Constructor<'tcx>>,
+}
+
+impl<'tcx> MissingConstructors<'tcx> {
+    pub(super) fn new<'p>(pcx: PatCtxt<'_, 'p, 'tcx>) -> Self {
+        let used_ctors: Vec<Constructor<'_>> =
+            pcx.matrix.head_ctors(pcx.cx).cloned().filter(|c| !c.is_wildcard()).collect();
+        // Since `all_ctors` never contains wildcards, this won't recurse further.
+        let all_ctors =
+            all_constructors(pcx).into_iter().flat_map(|ctor| ctor.split(pcx, None)).collect();
+
+        MissingConstructors { all_ctors, used_ctors }
+    }
+
+    fn is_empty<'p>(&self, pcx: PatCtxt<'_, 'p, 'tcx>) -> bool {
+        self.iter(pcx).next().is_none()
+    }
+
+    /// Iterate over all_ctors \ used_ctors
+    fn iter<'a, 'p>(
+        &'a self,
+        pcx: PatCtxt<'a, 'p, 'tcx>,
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = &'a Constructor<'tcx>> + Captures<'p> {
+        self.all_ctors.iter().filter(move |ctor| !ctor.is_covered_by_any(pcx, &self.used_ctors))
+    }
+
+    /// List the patterns corresponding to the missing constructors. In some cases, instead of
+    /// listing all constructors of a given type, we prefer to simply report a wildcard.
+    pub(super) fn report_patterns<'p>(
+        &self,
+        pcx: PatCtxt<'_, 'p, 'tcx>,
+    ) -> SmallVec<[Pat<'tcx>; 1]> {
+        // There are 2 ways we can report a witness here.
+        // Commonly, we can report all the "free"
+        // constructors as witnesses, e.g., if we have:
+        //
+        // ```
+        //     enum Direction { N, S, E, W }
+        //     let Direction::N = ...;
+        // ```
+        //
+        // we can report 3 witnesses: `S`, `E`, and `W`.
+        //
+        // However, there is a case where we don't want
+        // to do this and instead report a single `_` witness:
+        // if the user didn't actually specify a constructor
+        // in this arm, e.g., in
+        //
+        // ```
+        //     let x: (Direction, Direction, bool) = ...;
+        //     let (_, _, false) = x;
+        // ```
+        //
+        // we don't want to show all 16 possible witnesses
+        // `(<direction-1>, <direction-2>, true)` - we are
+        // satisfied with `(_, _, true)`. In this case,
+        // `used_ctors` is empty.
+        // The exception is: if we are at the top-level, for example in an empty match, we
+        // sometimes prefer reporting the list of constructors instead of just `_`.
+        let report_when_all_missing = pcx.is_top_level && !IntRange::is_integral(pcx.ty);
+        if self.used_ctors.is_empty() && !report_when_all_missing {
+            // All constructors are unused. Report only a wildcard
+            // rather than each individual constructor.
+            smallvec![Pat::wildcard_from_ty(pcx.ty)]
+        } else {
+            // Construct for each missing constructor a "wild" version of this
+            // constructor, that matches everything that can be built with
+            // it. For example, if `ctor` is a `Constructor::Variant` for
+            // `Option::Some`, we get the pattern `Some(_)`.
+            self.iter(pcx)
+                .map(|missing_ctor| Fields::wildcards(pcx, &missing_ctor).apply(pcx, missing_ctor))
+                .collect()
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -1077,7 +1020,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Constructor<'tcx> {
 /// `Fields` struct. This struct represents such a potentially-hidden field. When a field is hidden
 /// we still keep its type around.
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
-enum FilteredField<'p, 'tcx> {
+pub(super) enum FilteredField<'p, 'tcx> {
     Kept(&'p Pat<'tcx>),
     Hidden(Ty<'tcx>),
 }
@@ -1110,7 +1053,7 @@ impl<'p, 'tcx> FilteredField<'p, 'tcx> {
 /// This filtering is uncommon in practice, because uninhabited fields are rarely used, so we avoid
 /// it when possible to preserve performance.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-enum Fields<'p, 'tcx> {
+pub(super) enum Fields<'p, 'tcx> {
     /// Lists of patterns that don't contain any filtered fields.
     /// `Slice` and `Vec` behave the same; the difference is only to avoid allocating and
     /// triple-dereferences when possible. Frankly this is premature optimization, I (Nadrieril)
@@ -1147,7 +1090,7 @@ impl<'p, 'tcx> Fields<'p, 'tcx> {
     }
 
     /// Creates a new list of wildcard fields for a given constructor.
-    fn wildcards(pcx: PatCtxt<'_, 'p, 'tcx>, constructor: &Constructor<'tcx>) -> Self {
+    pub(super) fn wildcards(pcx: PatCtxt<'_, 'p, 'tcx>, constructor: &Constructor<'tcx>) -> Self {
         let ty = pcx.ty;
         let cx = pcx.cx;
         let wildcard_from_ty = |ty| &*cx.pattern_arena.alloc(Pat::wildcard_from_ty(ty));
@@ -1219,10 +1162,97 @@ impl<'p, 'tcx> Fields<'p, 'tcx> {
         ret
     }
 
+    /// Apply a constructor to a list of patterns, yielding a new pattern. `self`
+    /// must have as many elements as this constructor's arity.
+    ///
+    /// This is roughly the inverse of `specialize_constructor`.
+    ///
+    /// Examples:
+    /// `ctor`: `Constructor::Single`
+    /// `ty`: `Foo(u32, u32, u32)`
+    /// `self`: `[10, 20, _]`
+    /// returns `Foo(10, 20, _)`
+    ///
+    /// `ctor`: `Constructor::Variant(Option::Some)`
+    /// `ty`: `Option<bool>`
+    /// `self`: `[false]`
+    /// returns `Some(false)`
+    pub(super) fn apply(self, pcx: PatCtxt<'_, 'p, 'tcx>, ctor: &Constructor<'tcx>) -> Pat<'tcx> {
+        let mut subpatterns = self.all_patterns();
+
+        let pat = match ctor {
+            Single | Variant(_) => match pcx.ty.kind() {
+                ty::Adt(..) | ty::Tuple(..) => {
+                    let subpatterns = subpatterns
+                        .enumerate()
+                        .map(|(i, p)| FieldPat { field: Field::new(i), pattern: p })
+                        .collect();
+
+                    if let ty::Adt(adt, substs) = pcx.ty.kind() {
+                        if adt.is_enum() {
+                            PatKind::Variant {
+                                adt_def: adt,
+                                substs,
+                                variant_index: ctor.variant_index_for_adt(adt),
+                                subpatterns,
+                            }
+                        } else {
+                            PatKind::Leaf { subpatterns }
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        PatKind::Leaf { subpatterns }
+                    }
+                }
+                // Note: given the expansion of `&str` patterns done in `expand_pattern`, we should
+                // be careful to reconstruct the correct constant pattern here. However a string
+                // literal pattern will never be reported as a non-exhaustiveness witness, so we
+                // can ignore this issue.
+                ty::Ref(..) => PatKind::Deref { subpattern: subpatterns.next().unwrap() },
+                ty::Slice(_) | ty::Array(..) => bug!("bad slice pattern {:?} {:?}", ctor, pcx.ty),
+                _ => PatKind::Wild,
+            },
+            Slice(slice) => match slice.kind {
+                FixedLen(_) => {
+                    PatKind::Slice { prefix: subpatterns.collect(), slice: None, suffix: vec![] }
+                }
+                VarLen(prefix, _) => {
+                    let mut prefix: Vec<_> = subpatterns.by_ref().take(prefix as usize).collect();
+                    if slice.array_len.is_some() {
+                        // Improves diagnostics a bit: if the type is a known-size array, instead
+                        // of reporting `[x, _, .., _, y]`, we prefer to report `[x, .., y]`.
+                        // This is incorrect if the size is not known, since `[_, ..]` captures
+                        // arrays of lengths `>= 1` whereas `[..]` captures any length.
+                        while !prefix.is_empty() && prefix.last().unwrap().is_wildcard() {
+                            prefix.pop();
+                        }
+                    }
+                    let suffix: Vec<_> = if slice.array_len.is_some() {
+                        // Same as above.
+                        subpatterns.skip_while(Pat::is_wildcard).collect()
+                    } else {
+                        subpatterns.collect()
+                    };
+                    let wild = Pat::wildcard_from_ty(pcx.ty);
+                    PatKind::Slice { prefix, slice: Some(wild), suffix }
+                }
+            },
+            &Str(value) => PatKind::Constant { value },
+            &FloatRange(lo, hi, end) => PatKind::Range(PatRange { lo, hi, end }),
+            IntRange(range) => return range.to_pat(pcx.cx.tcx),
+            NonExhaustive => PatKind::Wild,
+            Opaque => bug!("we should not try to apply an opaque constructor"),
+            Wildcard => bug!(
+                "trying to apply a wildcard constructor; this should have been done in `apply_constructors`"
+            ),
+        };
+
+        Pat { ty: pcx.ty, span: DUMMY_SP, kind: Box::new(pat) }
+    }
+
     /// Returns the number of patterns from the viewpoint of match-checking, i.e. excluding hidden
     /// fields. This is what we want in most cases in this file, the only exception being
     /// conversion to/from `Pat`.
-    fn len(&self) -> usize {
+    pub(super) fn len(&self) -> usize {
         match self {
             Fields::Slice(pats) => pats.len(),
             Fields::Vec(pats) => pats.len(),
@@ -1243,6 +1273,18 @@ impl<'p, 'tcx> Fields<'p, 'tcx> {
         pats.into_iter()
     }
 
+    /// Returns the filtered list of patterns, not including hidden fields.
+    pub(super) fn filtered_patterns(self) -> SmallVec<[&'p Pat<'tcx>; 2]> {
+        match self {
+            Fields::Slice(pats) => pats.iter().collect(),
+            Fields::Vec(pats) => pats,
+            Fields::Filtered { fields, .. } => {
+                // We skip hidden fields here
+                fields.into_iter().filter_map(|p| p.kept()).collect()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Overrides some of the fields with the provided patterns. Exactly like
     /// `replace_fields_indexed`, except that it takes `FieldPat`s as input.
     fn replace_with_fieldpats(
@@ -1288,7 +1330,7 @@ impl<'p, 'tcx> Fields<'p, 'tcx> {
 
     /// Replaces contained fields with the given filtered list of patterns, e.g. taken from the
     /// matrix. There must be `len()` patterns in `pats`.
-    fn replace_fields(
+    pub(super) fn replace_fields(
         &self,
         cx: &MatchCheckCtxt<'p, 'tcx>,
         pats: impl IntoIterator<Item = Pat<'tcx>>,
@@ -1326,7 +1368,7 @@ impl<'p, 'tcx> Fields<'p, 'tcx> {
     /// }
     /// ```
     /// This is guaranteed to preserve the number of patterns in `self`.
-    fn replace_with_pattern_arguments(&self, pat: &'p Pat<'tcx>) -> Self {
+    pub(super) fn replace_with_pattern_arguments(&self, pat: &'p Pat<'tcx>) -> Self {
         match pat.kind.as_ref() {
             PatKind::Deref { subpattern } => {
                 assert_eq!(self.len(), 1);
@@ -1349,1005 +1391,4 @@ impl<'p, 'tcx> Fields<'p, 'tcx> {
             _ => self.clone(),
         }
     }
-
-    fn push_on_patstack(self, stack: &[&'p Pat<'tcx>]) -> PatStack<'p, 'tcx> {
-        let pats: SmallVec<_> = match self {
-            Fields::Slice(pats) => pats.iter().chain(stack.iter().copied()).collect(),
-            Fields::Vec(mut pats) => {
-                pats.extend_from_slice(stack);
-                pats
-            }
-            Fields::Filtered { fields, .. } => {
-                // We skip hidden fields here
-                fields.into_iter().filter_map(|p| p.kept()).chain(stack.iter().copied()).collect()
-            }
-        };
-        PatStack::from_vec(pats)
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-crate enum Usefulness<'tcx> {
-    /// Carries, for each column in the matrix, a set of sub-branches that have been found to be
-    /// unreachable. Used only in the presence of or-patterns, otherwise it stays empty.
-    Useful(Vec<FxHashSet<Span>>),
-    /// Carries a list of witnesses of non-exhaustiveness.
-    UsefulWithWitness(Vec<Witness<'tcx>>),
-    NotUseful,
-}
-
-impl<'tcx> Usefulness<'tcx> {
-    fn new_useful(preference: WitnessPreference) -> Self {
-        match preference {
-            ConstructWitness => UsefulWithWitness(vec![Witness(vec![])]),
-            LeaveOutWitness => Useful(vec![]),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn is_useful(&self) -> bool {
-        !matches!(*self, NotUseful)
-    }
-
-    fn apply_constructor<'p>(
-        self,
-        pcx: PatCtxt<'_, 'p, 'tcx>,
-        ctor: &Constructor<'tcx>,
-        ctor_wild_subpatterns: &Fields<'p, 'tcx>,
-    ) -> Self {
-        match self {
-            UsefulWithWitness(witnesses) => {
-                let new_witnesses = if ctor.is_wildcard() {
-                    let missing_ctors = MissingConstructors::new(pcx);
-                    let new_patterns = missing_ctors.report_patterns(pcx);
-                    witnesses
-                        .into_iter()
-                        .flat_map(|witness| {
-                            new_patterns.iter().map(move |pat| {
-                                let mut witness = witness.clone();
-                                witness.0.push(pat.clone());
-                                witness
-                            })
-                        })
-                        .collect()
-                } else {
-                    witnesses
-                        .into_iter()
-                        .map(|witness| witness.apply_constructor(pcx, &ctor, ctor_wild_subpatterns))
-                        .collect()
-                };
-                UsefulWithWitness(new_witnesses)
-            }
-            Useful(mut unreachables) => {
-                if !unreachables.is_empty() {
-                    // When we apply a constructor, there are `arity` columns of the matrix that
-                    // corresponded to its arguments. All the unreachables found in these columns
-                    // will, after `apply`, come from the first column. So we take the union of all
-                    // the corresponding sets and put them in the first column.
-                    // Note that `arity` may be 0, in which case we just push a new empty set.
-                    let len = unreachables.len();
-                    let arity = ctor_wild_subpatterns.len();
-                    let mut unioned = FxHashSet::default();
-                    for set in unreachables.drain((len - arity)..) {
-                        unioned.extend(set)
-                    }
-                    unreachables.push(unioned);
-                }
-                Useful(unreachables)
-            }
-            x => x,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
-enum WitnessPreference {
-    ConstructWitness,
-    LeaveOutWitness,
-}
-
-#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
-struct PatCtxt<'a, 'p, 'tcx> {
-    cx: &'a MatchCheckCtxt<'p, 'tcx>,
-    /// Current state of the matrix.
-    matrix: &'a Matrix<'p, 'tcx>,
-    /// Type of the current column under investigation.
-    ty: Ty<'tcx>,
-    /// Span of the current pattern under investigation.
-    span: Span,
-    /// Whether the current pattern is the whole pattern as found in a match arm, or if it's a
-    /// subpattern.
-    is_top_level: bool,
-}
-
-/// A witness of non-exhaustiveness for error reporting, represented
-/// as a list of patterns (in reverse order of construction) with
-/// wildcards inside to represent elements that can take any inhabitant
-/// of the type as a value.
-///
-/// A witness against a list of patterns should have the same types
-/// and length as the pattern matched against. Because Rust `match`
-/// is always against a single pattern, at the end the witness will
-/// have length 1, but in the middle of the algorithm, it can contain
-/// multiple patterns.
-///
-/// For example, if we are constructing a witness for the match against
-///
-/// ```
-/// struct Pair(Option<(u32, u32)>, bool);
-///
-/// match (p: Pair) {
-///    Pair(None, _) => {}
-///    Pair(_, false) => {}
-/// }
-/// ```
-///
-/// We'll perform the following steps:
-/// 1. Start with an empty witness
-///     `Witness(vec![])`
-/// 2. Push a witness `Some(_)` against the `None`
-///     `Witness(vec![Some(_)])`
-/// 3. Push a witness `true` against the `false`
-///     `Witness(vec![Some(_), true])`
-/// 4. Apply the `Pair` constructor to the witnesses
-///     `Witness(vec![Pair(Some(_), true)])`
-///
-/// The final `Pair(Some(_), true)` is then the resulting witness.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-crate struct Witness<'tcx>(Vec<Pat<'tcx>>);
-
-impl<'tcx> Witness<'tcx> {
-    /// Asserts that the witness contains a single pattern, and returns it.
-    fn single_pattern(self) -> Pat<'tcx> {
-        assert_eq!(self.0.len(), 1);
-        self.0.into_iter().next().unwrap()
-    }
-
-    /// Constructs a partial witness for a pattern given a list of
-    /// patterns expanded by the specialization step.
-    ///
-    /// When a pattern P is discovered to be useful, this function is used bottom-up
-    /// to reconstruct a complete witness, e.g., a pattern P' that covers a subset
-    /// of values, V, where each value in that set is not covered by any previously
-    /// used patterns and is covered by the pattern P'. Examples:
-    ///
-    /// left_ty: tuple of 3 elements
-    /// pats: [10, 20, _]           => (10, 20, _)
-    ///
-    /// left_ty: struct X { a: (bool, &'static str), b: usize}
-    /// pats: [(false, "foo"), 42]  => X { a: (false, "foo"), b: 42 }
-    fn apply_constructor<'p>(
-        mut self,
-        pcx: PatCtxt<'_, 'p, 'tcx>,
-        ctor: &Constructor<'tcx>,
-        ctor_wild_subpatterns: &Fields<'p, 'tcx>,
-    ) -> Self {
-        let pat = {
-            let len = self.0.len();
-            let arity = ctor_wild_subpatterns.len();
-            let pats = self.0.drain((len - arity)..).rev();
-            let fields = ctor_wild_subpatterns.replace_fields(pcx.cx, pats);
-            ctor.apply(pcx, fields)
-        };
-
-        self.0.push(pat);
-
-        self
-    }
-}
-
-/// This determines the set of all possible constructors of a pattern matching
-/// values of type `left_ty`. For vectors, this would normally be an infinite set
-/// but is instead bounded by the maximum fixed length of slice patterns in
-/// the column of patterns being analyzed.
-///
-/// We make sure to omit constructors that are statically impossible. E.g., for
-/// `Option<!>`, we do not include `Some(_)` in the returned list of constructors.
-/// Invariant: this returns an empty `Vec` if and only if the type is uninhabited (as determined by
-/// `cx.is_uninhabited()`).
-fn all_constructors<'p, 'tcx>(pcx: PatCtxt<'_, 'p, 'tcx>) -> Vec<Constructor<'tcx>> {
-    debug!("all_constructors({:?})", pcx.ty);
-    let cx = pcx.cx;
-    let make_range = |start, end| {
-        IntRange(
-            // `unwrap()` is ok because we know the type is an integer.
-            IntRange::from_range(cx.tcx, start, end, pcx.ty, &RangeEnd::Included, pcx.span)
-                .unwrap(),
-        )
-    };
-    match pcx.ty.kind() {
-        ty::Bool => vec![make_range(0, 1)],
-        ty::Array(sub_ty, len) if len.try_eval_usize(cx.tcx, cx.param_env).is_some() => {
-            let len = len.eval_usize(cx.tcx, cx.param_env);
-            if len != 0 && cx.is_uninhabited(sub_ty) {
-                vec![]
-            } else {
-                vec![Slice(Slice::new(Some(len), VarLen(0, 0)))]
-            }
-        }
-        // Treat arrays of a constant but unknown length like slices.
-        ty::Array(sub_ty, _) | ty::Slice(sub_ty) => {
-            let kind = if cx.is_uninhabited(sub_ty) { FixedLen(0) } else { VarLen(0, 0) };
-            vec![Slice(Slice::new(None, kind))]
-        }
-        ty::Adt(def, substs) if def.is_enum() => {
-            // If the enum is declared as `#[non_exhaustive]`, we treat it as if it had an
-            // additional "unknown" constructor.
-            // There is no point in enumerating all possible variants, because the user can't
-            // actually match against them all themselves. So we always return only the fictitious
-            // constructor.
-            // E.g., in an example like:
-            //
-            // ```
-            //     let err: io::ErrorKind = ...;
-            //     match err {
-            //         io::ErrorKind::NotFound => {},
-            //     }
-            // ```
-            //
-            // we don't want to show every possible IO error, but instead have only `_` as the
-            // witness.
-            let is_declared_nonexhaustive = cx.is_foreign_non_exhaustive_enum(pcx.ty);
-
-            // If `exhaustive_patterns` is disabled and our scrutinee is an empty enum, we treat it
-            // as though it had an "unknown" constructor to avoid exposing its emptiness. The
-            // exception is if the pattern is at the top level, because we want empty matches to be
-            // considered exhaustive.
-            let is_secretly_empty = def.variants.is_empty()
-                && !cx.tcx.features().exhaustive_patterns
-                && !pcx.is_top_level;
-
-            if is_secretly_empty || is_declared_nonexhaustive {
-                vec![NonExhaustive]
-            } else if cx.tcx.features().exhaustive_patterns {
-                // If `exhaustive_patterns` is enabled, we exclude variants known to be
-                // uninhabited.
-                def.variants
-                    .iter()
-                    .filter(|v| {
-                        !v.uninhabited_from(cx.tcx, substs, def.adt_kind(), cx.param_env)
-                            .contains(cx.tcx, cx.module)
-                    })
-                    .map(|v| Variant(v.def_id))
-                    .collect()
-            } else {
-                def.variants.iter().map(|v| Variant(v.def_id)).collect()
-            }
-        }
-        ty::Char => {
-            vec![
-                // The valid Unicode Scalar Value ranges.
-                make_range('\u{0000}' as u128, '\u{D7FF}' as u128),
-                make_range('\u{E000}' as u128, '\u{10FFFF}' as u128),
-            ]
-        }
-        ty::Int(_) | ty::Uint(_)
-            if pcx.ty.is_ptr_sized_integral()
-                && !cx.tcx.features().precise_pointer_size_matching =>
-        {
-            // `usize`/`isize` are not allowed to be matched exhaustively unless the
-            // `precise_pointer_size_matching` feature is enabled. So we treat those types like
-            // `#[non_exhaustive]` enums by returning a special unmatcheable constructor.
-            vec![NonExhaustive]
-        }
-        &ty::Int(ity) => {
-            let bits = Integer::from_attr(&cx.tcx, SignedInt(ity)).size().bits() as u128;
-            let min = 1u128 << (bits - 1);
-            let max = min - 1;
-            vec![make_range(min, max)]
-        }
-        &ty::Uint(uty) => {
-            let size = Integer::from_attr(&cx.tcx, UnsignedInt(uty)).size();
-            let max = size.truncate(u128::MAX);
-            vec![make_range(0, max)]
-        }
-        // If `exhaustive_patterns` is disabled and our scrutinee is the never type, we cannot
-        // expose its emptiness. The exception is if the pattern is at the top level, because we
-        // want empty matches to be considered exhaustive.
-        ty::Never if !cx.tcx.features().exhaustive_patterns && !pcx.is_top_level => {
-            vec![NonExhaustive]
-        }
-        ty::Never => vec![],
-        _ if cx.is_uninhabited(pcx.ty) => vec![],
-        ty::Adt(..) | ty::Tuple(..) | ty::Ref(..) => vec![Single],
-        // This type is one for which we cannot list constructors, like `str` or `f64`.
-        _ => vec![NonExhaustive],
-    }
-}
-
-/// An inclusive interval, used for precise integer exhaustiveness checking.
-/// `IntRange`s always store a contiguous range. This means that values are
-/// encoded such that `0` encodes the minimum value for the integer,
-/// regardless of the signedness.
-/// For example, the pattern `-128..=127i8` is encoded as `0..=255`.
-/// This makes comparisons and arithmetic on interval endpoints much more
-/// straightforward. See `signed_bias` for details.
-///
-/// `IntRange` is never used to encode an empty range or a "range" that wraps
-/// around the (offset) space: i.e., `range.lo <= range.hi`.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-struct IntRange<'tcx> {
-    range: RangeInclusive<u128>,
-    ty: Ty<'tcx>,
-    span: Span,
-}
-
-impl<'tcx> IntRange<'tcx> {
-    #[inline]
-    fn is_integral(ty: Ty<'_>) -> bool {
-        matches!(ty.kind(), ty::Char | ty::Int(_) | ty::Uint(_) | ty::Bool)
-    }
-
-    fn is_singleton(&self) -> bool {
-        self.range.start() == self.range.end()
-    }
-
-    fn boundaries(&self) -> (u128, u128) {
-        (*self.range.start(), *self.range.end())
-    }
-
-    /// Don't treat `usize`/`isize` exhaustively unless the `precise_pointer_size_matching` feature
-    /// is enabled.
-    fn treat_exhaustively(&self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> bool {
-        !self.ty.is_ptr_sized_integral() || tcx.features().precise_pointer_size_matching
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn integral_size_and_signed_bias(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'_>) -> Option<(Size, u128)> {
-        match *ty.kind() {
-            ty::Bool => Some((Size::from_bytes(1), 0)),
-            ty::Char => Some((Size::from_bytes(4), 0)),
-            ty::Int(ity) => {
-                let size = Integer::from_attr(&tcx, SignedInt(ity)).size();
-                Some((size, 1u128 << (size.bits() as u128 - 1)))
-            }
-            ty::Uint(uty) => Some((Integer::from_attr(&tcx, UnsignedInt(uty)).size(), 0)),
-            _ => None,
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn from_const(
-        tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-        param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
-        value: &Const<'tcx>,
-        span: Span,
-    ) -> Option<IntRange<'tcx>> {
-        if let Some((target_size, bias)) = Self::integral_size_and_signed_bias(tcx, value.ty) {
-            let ty = value.ty;
-            let val = (|| {
-                if let ty::ConstKind::Value(ConstValue::Scalar(scalar)) = value.val {
-                    // For this specific pattern we can skip a lot of effort and go
-                    // straight to the result, after doing a bit of checking. (We
-                    // could remove this branch and just fall through, which
-                    // is more general but much slower.)
-                    if let Ok(bits) = scalar.to_bits_or_ptr(target_size, &tcx) {
-                        return Some(bits);
-                    }
-                }
-                // This is a more general form of the previous case.
-                value.try_eval_bits(tcx, param_env, ty)
-            })()?;
-            let val = val ^ bias;
-            Some(IntRange { range: val..=val, ty, span })
-        } else {
-            None
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn from_range(
-        tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-        lo: u128,
-        hi: u128,
-        ty: Ty<'tcx>,
-        end: &RangeEnd,
-        span: Span,
-    ) -> Option<IntRange<'tcx>> {
-        if Self::is_integral(ty) {
-            // Perform a shift if the underlying types are signed,
-            // which makes the interval arithmetic simpler.
-            let bias = IntRange::signed_bias(tcx, ty);
-            let (lo, hi) = (lo ^ bias, hi ^ bias);
-            let offset = (*end == RangeEnd::Excluded) as u128;
-            if lo > hi || (lo == hi && *end == RangeEnd::Excluded) {
-                // This should have been caught earlier by E0030.
-                bug!("malformed range pattern: {}..={}", lo, (hi - offset));
-            }
-            Some(IntRange { range: lo..=(hi - offset), ty, span })
-        } else {
-            None
-        }
-    }
-
-    // The return value of `signed_bias` should be XORed with an endpoint to encode/decode it.
-    fn signed_bias(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> u128 {
-        match *ty.kind() {
-            ty::Int(ity) => {
-                let bits = Integer::from_attr(&tcx, SignedInt(ity)).size().bits() as u128;
-                1u128 << (bits - 1)
-            }
-            _ => 0,
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn is_subrange(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
-        other.range.start() <= self.range.start() && self.range.end() <= other.range.end()
-    }
-
-    fn intersection(&self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, other: &Self) -> Option<Self> {
-        let ty = self.ty;
-        let (lo, hi) = self.boundaries();
-        let (other_lo, other_hi) = other.boundaries();
-        if self.treat_exhaustively(tcx) {
-            if lo <= other_hi && other_lo <= hi {
-                let span = other.span;
-                Some(IntRange { range: max(lo, other_lo)..=min(hi, other_hi), ty, span })
-            } else {
-                None
-            }
-        } else {
-            // If the range should not be treated exhaustively, fallback to checking for inclusion.
-            if self.is_subrange(other) { Some(self.clone()) } else { None }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn suspicious_intersection(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
-        // `false` in the following cases:
-        // 1     ----      // 1  ----------   // 1 ----        // 1       ----
-        // 2  ----------   // 2     ----      // 2       ----  // 2 ----
-        //
-        // The following are currently `false`, but could be `true` in the future (#64007):
-        // 1 ---------       // 1     ---------
-        // 2     ----------  // 2 ----------
-        //
-        // `true` in the following cases:
-        // 1 -------          // 1       -------
-        // 2       --------   // 2 -------
-        let (lo, hi) = self.boundaries();
-        let (other_lo, other_hi) = other.boundaries();
-        lo == other_hi || hi == other_lo
-    }
-
-    fn to_pat(&self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> Pat<'tcx> {
-        let (lo, hi) = self.boundaries();
-
-        let bias = IntRange::signed_bias(tcx, self.ty);
-        let (lo, hi) = (lo ^ bias, hi ^ bias);
-
-        let ty = ty::ParamEnv::empty().and(self.ty);
-        let lo_const = ty::Const::from_bits(tcx, lo, ty);
-        let hi_const = ty::Const::from_bits(tcx, hi, ty);
-
-        let kind = if lo == hi {
-            PatKind::Constant { value: lo_const }
-        } else {
-            PatKind::Range(PatRange { lo: lo_const, hi: hi_const, end: RangeEnd::Included })
-        };
-
-        // This is a brand new pattern, so we don't reuse `self.span`.
-        Pat { ty: self.ty, span: DUMMY_SP, kind: Box::new(kind) }
-    }
-
-    /// For exhaustive integer matching, some constructors are grouped within other constructors
-    /// (namely integer typed values are grouped within ranges). However, when specialising these
-    /// constructors, we want to be specialising for the underlying constructors (the integers), not
-    /// the groups (the ranges). Thus we need to split the groups up. Splitting them up naïvely would
-    /// mean creating a separate constructor for every single value in the range, which is clearly
-    /// impractical. However, observe that for some ranges of integers, the specialisation will be
-    /// identical across all values in that range (i.e., there are equivalence classes of ranges of
-    /// constructors based on their `U(S(c, P), S(c, p))` outcome). These classes are grouped by
-    /// the patterns that apply to them (in the matrix `P`). We can split the range whenever the
-    /// patterns that apply to that range (specifically: the patterns that *intersect* with that range)
-    /// change.
-    /// Our solution, therefore, is to split the range constructor into subranges at every single point
-    /// the group of intersecting patterns changes (using the method described below).
-    /// And voilà! We're testing precisely those ranges that we need to, without any exhaustive matching
-    /// on actual integers. The nice thing about this is that the number of subranges is linear in the
-    /// number of rows in the matrix (i.e., the number of cases in the `match` statement), so we don't
-    /// need to be worried about matching over gargantuan ranges.
-    ///
-    /// Essentially, given the first column of a matrix representing ranges, looking like the following:
-    ///
-    /// |------|  |----------| |-------|    ||
-    ///    |-------| |-------|            |----| ||
-    ///       |---------|
-    ///
-    /// We split the ranges up into equivalence classes so the ranges are no longer overlapping:
-    ///
-    /// |--|--|||-||||--||---|||-------|  |-|||| ||
-    ///
-    /// The logic for determining how to split the ranges is fairly straightforward: we calculate
-    /// boundaries for each interval range, sort them, then create constructors for each new interval
-    /// between every pair of boundary points. (This essentially sums up to performing the intuitive
-    /// merging operation depicted above.)
-    fn split<'p>(
-        &self,
-        pcx: PatCtxt<'_, 'p, 'tcx>,
-        hir_id: Option<HirId>,
-    ) -> SmallVec<[Constructor<'tcx>; 1]> {
-        let ty = pcx.ty;
-
-        /// Represents a border between 2 integers. Because the intervals spanning borders
-        /// must be able to cover every integer, we need to be able to represent
-        /// 2^128 + 1 such borders.
-        #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Debug)]
-        enum Border {
-            JustBefore(u128),
-            AfterMax,
-        }
-
-        // A function for extracting the borders of an integer interval.
-        fn range_borders(r: IntRange<'_>) -> impl Iterator<Item = Border> {
-            let (lo, hi) = r.range.into_inner();
-            let from = Border::JustBefore(lo);
-            let to = match hi.checked_add(1) {
-                Some(m) => Border::JustBefore(m),
-                None => Border::AfterMax,
-            };
-            vec![from, to].into_iter()
-        }
-
-        // Collect the span and range of all the intersecting ranges to lint on likely
-        // incorrect range patterns. (#63987)
-        let mut overlaps = vec![];
-        let row_len = pcx.matrix.patterns.get(0).map(|r| r.len()).unwrap_or(0);
-        // `borders` is the set of borders between equivalence classes: each equivalence
-        // class lies between 2 borders.
-        let row_borders = pcx
-            .matrix
-            .head_ctors(pcx.cx)
-            .filter_map(|ctor| ctor.as_int_range())
-            .filter_map(|range| {
-                let intersection = self.intersection(pcx.cx.tcx, &range);
-                let should_lint = self.suspicious_intersection(&range);
-                if let (Some(range), 1, true) = (&intersection, row_len, should_lint) {
-                    // FIXME: for now, only check for overlapping ranges on simple range
-                    // patterns. Otherwise with the current logic the following is detected
-                    // as overlapping:
-                    //   match (10u8, true) {
-                    //    (0 ..= 125, false) => {}
-                    //    (126 ..= 255, false) => {}
-                    //    (0 ..= 255, true) => {}
-                    //  }
-                    overlaps.push(range.clone());
-                }
-                intersection
-            })
-            .flat_map(range_borders);
-        let self_borders = range_borders(self.clone());
-        let mut borders: Vec<_> = row_borders.chain(self_borders).collect();
-        borders.sort_unstable();
-
-        self.lint_overlapping_patterns(pcx.cx.tcx, hir_id, ty, overlaps);
-
-        // We're going to iterate through every adjacent pair of borders, making sure that
-        // each represents an interval of nonnegative length, and convert each such
-        // interval into a constructor.
-        borders
-            .array_windows()
-            .filter_map(|&pair| match pair {
-                [Border::JustBefore(n), Border::JustBefore(m)] => {
-                    if n < m {
-                        Some(n..=(m - 1))
-                    } else {
-                        None
-                    }
-                }
-                [Border::JustBefore(n), Border::AfterMax] => Some(n..=u128::MAX),
-                [Border::AfterMax, _] => None,
-            })
-            .map(|range| IntRange { range, ty, span: pcx.span })
-            .map(IntRange)
-            .collect()
-    }
-
-    fn lint_overlapping_patterns(
-        &self,
-        tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-        hir_id: Option<HirId>,
-        ty: Ty<'tcx>,
-        overlaps: Vec<IntRange<'tcx>>,
-    ) {
-        if let (true, Some(hir_id)) = (!overlaps.is_empty(), hir_id) {
-            tcx.struct_span_lint_hir(
-                lint::builtin::OVERLAPPING_PATTERNS,
-                hir_id,
-                self.span,
-                |lint| {
-                    let mut err = lint.build("multiple patterns covering the same range");
-                    err.span_label(self.span, "overlapping patterns");
-                    for int_range in overlaps {
-                        // Use the real type for user display of the ranges:
-                        err.span_label(
-                            int_range.span,
-                            &format!(
-                                "this range overlaps on `{}`",
-                                IntRange { range: int_range.range, ty, span: DUMMY_SP }.to_pat(tcx),
-                            ),
-                        );
-                    }
-                    err.emit();
-                },
-            );
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// See `Constructor::is_covered_by`
-    fn is_covered_by<'p>(&self, pcx: PatCtxt<'_, 'p, 'tcx>, other: &Self) -> bool {
-        if self.intersection(pcx.cx.tcx, other).is_some() {
-            // Constructor splitting should ensure that all intersections we encounter are actually
-            // inclusions.
-            assert!(self.is_subrange(other));
-            true
-        } else {
-            false
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Ignore spans when comparing, they don't carry semantic information as they are only for lints.
-impl<'tcx> std::cmp::PartialEq for IntRange<'tcx> {
-    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
-        self.range == other.range && self.ty == other.ty
-    }
-}
-
-// A struct to compute a set of constructors equivalent to `all_ctors \ used_ctors`.
-#[derive(Debug)]
-struct MissingConstructors<'tcx> {
-    all_ctors: SmallVec<[Constructor<'tcx>; 1]>,
-    used_ctors: Vec<Constructor<'tcx>>,
-}
-
-impl<'tcx> MissingConstructors<'tcx> {
-    fn new<'p>(pcx: PatCtxt<'_, 'p, 'tcx>) -> Self {
-        let used_ctors: Vec<Constructor<'_>> =
-            pcx.matrix.head_ctors(pcx.cx).cloned().filter(|c| !c.is_wildcard()).collect();
-        // Since `all_ctors` never contains wildcards, this won't recurse further.
-        let all_ctors =
-            all_constructors(pcx).into_iter().flat_map(|ctor| ctor.split(pcx, None)).collect();
-
-        MissingConstructors { all_ctors, used_ctors }
-    }
-
-    fn is_empty<'p>(&self, pcx: PatCtxt<'_, 'p, 'tcx>) -> bool {
-        self.iter(pcx).next().is_none()
-    }
-
-    /// Iterate over all_ctors \ used_ctors
-    fn iter<'a, 'p>(
-        &'a self,
-        pcx: PatCtxt<'a, 'p, 'tcx>,
-    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = &'a Constructor<'tcx>> + Captures<'p> {
-        self.all_ctors.iter().filter(move |ctor| !ctor.is_covered_by_any(pcx, &self.used_ctors))
-    }
-
-    /// List the patterns corresponding to the missing constructors. In some cases, instead of
-    /// listing all constructors of a given type, we prefer to simply report a wildcard.
-    fn report_patterns<'p>(&self, pcx: PatCtxt<'_, 'p, 'tcx>) -> SmallVec<[Pat<'tcx>; 1]> {
-        // There are 2 ways we can report a witness here.
-        // Commonly, we can report all the "free"
-        // constructors as witnesses, e.g., if we have:
-        //
-        // ```
-        //     enum Direction { N, S, E, W }
-        //     let Direction::N = ...;
-        // ```
-        //
-        // we can report 3 witnesses: `S`, `E`, and `W`.
-        //
-        // However, there is a case where we don't want
-        // to do this and instead report a single `_` witness:
-        // if the user didn't actually specify a constructor
-        // in this arm, e.g., in
-        //
-        // ```
-        //     let x: (Direction, Direction, bool) = ...;
-        //     let (_, _, false) = x;
-        // ```
-        //
-        // we don't want to show all 16 possible witnesses
-        // `(<direction-1>, <direction-2>, true)` - we are
-        // satisfied with `(_, _, true)`. In this case,
-        // `used_ctors` is empty.
-        // The exception is: if we are at the top-level, for example in an empty match, we
-        // sometimes prefer reporting the list of constructors instead of just `_`.
-        let report_when_all_missing = pcx.is_top_level && !IntRange::is_integral(pcx.ty);
-        if self.used_ctors.is_empty() && !report_when_all_missing {
-            // All constructors are unused. Report only a wildcard
-            // rather than each individual constructor.
-            smallvec![Pat::wildcard_from_ty(pcx.ty)]
-        } else {
-            // Construct for each missing constructor a "wild" version of this
-            // constructor, that matches everything that can be built with
-            // it. For example, if `ctor` is a `Constructor::Variant` for
-            // `Option::Some`, we get the pattern `Some(_)`.
-            self.iter(pcx)
-                .map(|missing_ctor| {
-                    let fields = Fields::wildcards(pcx, &missing_ctor);
-                    missing_ctor.apply(pcx, fields)
-                })
-                .collect()
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Algorithm from <http://moscova.inria.fr/~maranget/papers/warn/index.html>.
-/// The algorithm from the paper has been modified to correctly handle empty
-/// types. The changes are:
-///   (0) We don't exit early if the pattern matrix has zero rows. We just
-///       continue to recurse over columns.
-///   (1) all_constructors will only return constructors that are statically
-///       possible. E.g., it will only return `Ok` for `Result<T, !>`.
-///
-/// This finds whether a (row) vector `v` of patterns is 'useful' in relation
-/// to a set of such vectors `m` - this is defined as there being a set of
-/// inputs that will match `v` but not any of the sets in `m`.
-///
-/// All the patterns at each column of the `matrix ++ v` matrix must have the same type.
-///
-/// This is used both for reachability checking (if a pattern isn't useful in
-/// relation to preceding patterns, it is not reachable) and exhaustiveness
-/// checking (if a wildcard pattern is useful in relation to a matrix, the
-/// matrix isn't exhaustive).
-///
-/// `is_under_guard` is used to inform if the pattern has a guard. If it
-/// has one it must not be inserted into the matrix. This shouldn't be
-/// relied on for soundness.
-fn is_useful<'p, 'tcx>(
-    cx: &MatchCheckCtxt<'p, 'tcx>,
-    matrix: &Matrix<'p, 'tcx>,
-    v: &PatStack<'p, 'tcx>,
-    witness_preference: WitnessPreference,
-    hir_id: HirId,
-    is_under_guard: bool,
-    is_top_level: bool,
-) -> Usefulness<'tcx> {
-    let Matrix { patterns: rows, .. } = matrix;
-    debug!("is_useful({:#?}, {:#?})", matrix, v);
-
-    // The base case. We are pattern-matching on () and the return value is
-    // based on whether our matrix has a row or not.
-    // NOTE: This could potentially be optimized by checking rows.is_empty()
-    // first and then, if v is non-empty, the return value is based on whether
-    // the type of the tuple we're checking is inhabited or not.
-    if v.is_empty() {
-        return if rows.is_empty() {
-            Usefulness::new_useful(witness_preference)
-        } else {
-            NotUseful
-        };
-    };
-
-    assert!(rows.iter().all(|r| r.len() == v.len()));
-
-    // If the first pattern is an or-pattern, expand it.
-    if let Some(vs) = v.expand_or_pat() {
-        // We expand the or pattern, trying each of its branches in turn and keeping careful track
-        // of possible unreachable sub-branches.
-        //
-        // If two branches have detected some unreachable sub-branches, we need to be careful. If
-        // they were detected in columns that are not the current one, we want to keep only the
-        // sub-branches that were unreachable in _all_ branches. Eg. in the following, the last
-        // `true` is unreachable in the second branch of the first or-pattern, but not otherwise.
-        // Therefore we don't want to lint that it is unreachable.
-        //
-        // ```
-        // match (true, true) {
-        //     (true, true) => {}
-        //     (false | true, false | true) => {}
-        // }
-        // ```
-        // If however the sub-branches come from the current column, they come from the inside of
-        // the current or-pattern, and we want to keep them all. Eg. in the following, we _do_ want
-        // to lint that the last `false` is unreachable.
-        // ```
-        // match None {
-        //     Some(false) => {}
-        //     None | Some(true | false) => {}
-        // }
-        // ```
-
-        let mut matrix = matrix.clone();
-        // We keep track of sub-branches separately depending on whether they come from this column
-        // or from others.
-        let mut unreachables_this_column: FxHashSet<Span> = FxHashSet::default();
-        let mut unreachables_other_columns: Vec<FxHashSet<Span>> = Vec::default();
-        // Whether at least one branch is reachable.
-        let mut any_is_useful = false;
-
-        for v in vs {
-            let res = is_useful(cx, &matrix, &v, witness_preference, hir_id, is_under_guard, false);
-            match res {
-                Useful(unreachables) => {
-                    if let Some((this_column, other_columns)) = unreachables.split_last() {
-                        // We keep the union of unreachables found in the first column.
-                        unreachables_this_column.extend(this_column);
-                        // We keep the intersection of unreachables found in other columns.
-                        if unreachables_other_columns.is_empty() {
-                            unreachables_other_columns = other_columns.to_vec();
-                        } else {
-                            unreachables_other_columns = unreachables_other_columns
-                                .into_iter()
-                                .zip(other_columns)
-                                .map(|(x, y)| x.intersection(&y).copied().collect())
-                                .collect();
-                        }
-                    }
-                    any_is_useful = true;
-                }
-                NotUseful => {
-                    unreachables_this_column.insert(v.head().span);
-                }
-                UsefulWithWitness(_) => bug!(
-                    "encountered or-pat in the expansion of `_` during exhaustiveness checking"
-                ),
-            }
-
-            // If pattern has a guard don't add it to the matrix.
-            if !is_under_guard {
-                // We push the already-seen patterns into the matrix in order to detect redundant
-                // branches like `Some(_) | Some(0)`.
-                matrix.push(v);
-            }
-        }
-
-        return if any_is_useful {
-            let mut unreachables = if unreachables_other_columns.is_empty() {
-                let n_columns = v.len();
-                (0..n_columns - 1).map(|_| FxHashSet::default()).collect()
-            } else {
-                unreachables_other_columns
-            };
-            unreachables.push(unreachables_this_column);
-            Useful(unreachables)
-        } else {
-            NotUseful
-        };
-    }
-
-    // FIXME(Nadrieril): Hack to work around type normalization issues (see #72476).
-    let ty = matrix.heads().next().map(|r| r.ty).unwrap_or(v.head().ty);
-    let pcx = PatCtxt { cx, matrix, ty, span: v.head().span, is_top_level };
-
-    debug!("is_useful_expand_first_col: ty={:#?}, expanding {:#?}", pcx.ty, v.head());
-
-    let ret = v
-        .head_ctor(cx)
-        .split(pcx, Some(hir_id))
-        .into_iter()
-        .map(|ctor| {
-            // We cache the result of `Fields::wildcards` because it is used a lot.
-            let ctor_wild_subpatterns = Fields::wildcards(pcx, &ctor);
-            let matrix = pcx.matrix.specialize_constructor(pcx, &ctor, &ctor_wild_subpatterns);
-            let v = v.pop_head_constructor(&ctor_wild_subpatterns);
-            let usefulness =
-                is_useful(pcx.cx, &matrix, &v, witness_preference, hir_id, is_under_guard, false);
-            usefulness.apply_constructor(pcx, &ctor, &ctor_wild_subpatterns)
-        })
-        .find(|result| result.is_useful())
-        .unwrap_or(NotUseful);
-    debug!("is_useful::returns({:#?}, {:#?}) = {:?}", matrix, v, ret);
-    ret
-}
-
-/// Determines the constructor that the given pattern can be specialized to.
-/// Returns `None` in case of a catch-all, which can't be specialized.
-fn pat_constructor<'p, 'tcx>(
-    cx: &MatchCheckCtxt<'p, 'tcx>,
-    pat: &'p Pat<'tcx>,
-) -> Constructor<'tcx> {
-    match pat.kind.as_ref() {
-        PatKind::AscribeUserType { .. } => bug!(), // Handled by `expand_pattern`
-        PatKind::Binding { .. } | PatKind::Wild => Wildcard,
-        PatKind::Leaf { .. } | PatKind::Deref { .. } => Single,
-        &PatKind::Variant { adt_def, variant_index, .. } => {
-            Variant(adt_def.variants[variant_index].def_id)
-        }
-        PatKind::Constant { value } => {
-            if let Some(int_range) = IntRange::from_const(cx.tcx, cx.param_env, value, pat.span) {
-                IntRange(int_range)
-            } else {
-                match pat.ty.kind() {
-                    ty::Float(_) => FloatRange(value, value, RangeEnd::Included),
-                    // In `expand_pattern`, we convert string literals to `&CONST` patterns with
-                    // `CONST` a pattern of type `str`. In truth this contains a constant of type
-                    // `&str`.
-                    ty::Str => Str(value),
-                    // All constants that can be structurally matched have already been expanded
-                    // into the corresponding `Pat`s by `const_to_pat`. Constants that remain are
-                    // opaque.
-                    _ => Opaque,
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        &PatKind::Range(PatRange { lo, hi, end }) => {
-            let ty = lo.ty;
-            if let Some(int_range) = IntRange::from_range(
-                cx.tcx,
-                lo.eval_bits(cx.tcx, cx.param_env, lo.ty),
-                hi.eval_bits(cx.tcx, cx.param_env, hi.ty),
-                ty,
-                &end,
-                pat.span,
-            ) {
-                IntRange(int_range)
-            } else {
-                FloatRange(lo, hi, end)
-            }
-        }
-        PatKind::Array { prefix, slice, suffix } | PatKind::Slice { prefix, slice, suffix } => {
-            let array_len = match pat.ty.kind() {
-                ty::Array(_, length) => Some(length.eval_usize(cx.tcx, cx.param_env)),
-                ty::Slice(_) => None,
-                _ => span_bug!(pat.span, "bad ty {:?} for slice pattern", pat.ty),
-            };
-            let prefix = prefix.len() as u64;
-            let suffix = suffix.len() as u64;
-            let kind =
-                if slice.is_some() { VarLen(prefix, suffix) } else { FixedLen(prefix + suffix) };
-            Slice(Slice::new(array_len, kind))
-        }
-        PatKind::Or { .. } => bug!("Or-pattern should have been expanded earlier on."),
-    }
-}
-
-/// The arm of a match expression.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
-crate struct MatchArm<'p, 'tcx> {
-    /// The pattern must have been lowered through `MatchVisitor::lower_pattern`.
-    crate pat: &'p super::Pat<'tcx>,
-    crate hir_id: HirId,
-    crate has_guard: bool,
-}
-
-/// The output of checking a match for exhaustiveness and arm reachability.
-crate struct UsefulnessReport<'p, 'tcx> {
-    /// For each arm of the input, whether that arm is reachable after the arms above it.
-    crate arm_usefulness: Vec<(MatchArm<'p, 'tcx>, Usefulness<'tcx>)>,
-    /// If the match is exhaustive, this is empty. If not, this contains witnesses for the lack of
-    /// exhaustiveness.
-    crate non_exhaustiveness_witnesses: Vec<super::Pat<'tcx>>,
-}
-
-/// The entrypoint for the usefulness algorithm. Computes whether a match is exhaustive and which
-/// of its arms are reachable.
-///
-/// Note: the input patterns must have been lowered through `MatchVisitor::lower_pattern`.
-crate fn compute_match_usefulness<'p, 'tcx>(
-    cx: &MatchCheckCtxt<'p, 'tcx>,
-    arms: &[MatchArm<'p, 'tcx>],
-    scrut_hir_id: HirId,
-    scrut_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
-) -> UsefulnessReport<'p, 'tcx> {
-    let mut matrix = Matrix::empty();
-    let arm_usefulness: Vec<_> = arms
-        .iter()
-        .copied()
-        .map(|arm| {
-            let v = PatStack::from_pattern(arm.pat);
-            let usefulness =
-                is_useful(cx, &matrix, &v, LeaveOutWitness, arm.hir_id, arm.has_guard, true);
-            if !arm.has_guard {
-                matrix.push(v);
-            }
-            (arm, usefulness)
-        })
-        .collect();
-
-    let wild_pattern = cx.pattern_arena.alloc(super::Pat::wildcard_from_ty(scrut_ty));
-    let v = PatStack::from_pattern(wild_pattern);
-    let usefulness = is_useful(cx, &matrix, &v, ConstructWitness, scrut_hir_id, false, true);
-    let non_exhaustiveness_witnesses = match usefulness {
-        NotUseful => vec![], // Wildcard pattern isn't useful, so the match is exhaustive.
-        UsefulWithWitness(pats) => {
-            if pats.is_empty() {
-                bug!("Exhaustiveness check returned no witnesses")
-            } else {
-                pats.into_iter().map(|w| w.single_pattern()).collect()
-            }
-        }
-        Useful(_) => bug!(),
-    };
-    UsefulnessReport { arm_usefulness, non_exhaustiveness_witnesses }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/mod.rs
index db0ecd701bc..7e9a3a37278 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/mod.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 //! Validation of patterns/matches.
 
-mod _match;
 mod check_match;
 mod const_to_pat;
+mod deconstruct_pat;
+mod usefulness;
 
 pub(crate) use self::check_match::check_match;
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/usefulness.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/usefulness.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..be96d5ae816
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/usefulness.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,992 @@
+//! Note: tests specific to this file can be found in:
+//!
+//!   - `ui/pattern/usefulness`
+//!   - `ui/or-patterns`
+//!   - `ui/consts/const_in_pattern`
+//!   - `ui/rfc-2008-non-exhaustive`
+//!   - `ui/half-open-range-patterns`
+//!   - probably many others
+//!
+//! I (Nadrieril) prefer to put new tests in `ui/pattern/usefulness` unless there's a specific
+//! reason not to, for example if they depend on a particular feature like `or_patterns`.
+//!
+//! -----
+//!
+//! This file includes the logic for exhaustiveness and usefulness checking for
+//! pattern-matching. Specifically, given a list of patterns for a type, we can
+//! tell whether:
+//! (a) the patterns cover every possible constructor for the type (exhaustiveness)
+//! (b) each pattern is necessary (usefulness)
+//!
+//! The algorithm implemented here is a modified version of the one described in
+//! [this paper](http://moscova.inria.fr/~maranget/papers/warn/index.html).
+//! However, to save future implementors from reading the original paper, we
+//! summarise the algorithm here to hopefully save time and be a little clearer
+//! (without being so rigorous).
+//!
+//! # Premise
+//!
+//! The core of the algorithm revolves about a "usefulness" check. In particular, we
+//! are trying to compute a predicate `U(P, p)` where `P` is a list of patterns (we refer to this as
+//! a matrix). `U(P, p)` represents whether, given an existing list of patterns
+//! `P_1 ..= P_m`, adding a new pattern `p` will be "useful" (that is, cover previously-
+//! uncovered values of the type).
+//!
+//! If we have this predicate, then we can easily compute both exhaustiveness of an
+//! entire set of patterns and the individual usefulness of each one.
+//! (a) the set of patterns is exhaustive iff `U(P, _)` is false (i.e., adding a wildcard
+//! match doesn't increase the number of values we're matching)
+//! (b) a pattern `P_i` is not useful if `U(P[0..=(i-1), P_i)` is false (i.e., adding a
+//! pattern to those that have come before it doesn't increase the number of values
+//! we're matching).
+//!
+//! # Core concept
+//!
+//! The idea that powers everything that is done in this file is the following: a value is made
+//! from a constructor applied to some fields. Examples of constructors are `Some`, `None`, `(,)`
+//! (the 2-tuple constructor), `Foo {..}` (the constructor for a struct `Foo`), and `2` (the
+//! constructor for the number `2`). Fields are just a (possibly empty) list of values.
+//!
+//! Some of the constructors listed above might feel weird: `None` and `2` don't take any
+//! arguments. This is part of what makes constructors so general: we will consider plain values
+//! like numbers and string literals to be constructors that take no arguments, also called "0-ary
+//! constructors"; they are the simplest case of constructors. This allows us to see any value as
+//! made up from a tree of constructors, each having a given number of children. For example:
+//! `(None, Ok(0))` is made from 4 different constructors.
+//!
+//! This idea can be extended to patterns: a pattern captures a set of possible values, and we can
+//! describe this set using constructors. For example, `Err(_)` captures all values of the type
+//! `Result<T, E>` that start with the `Err` constructor (for some choice of `T` and `E`). The
+//! wildcard `_` captures all values of the given type starting with any of the constructors for
+//! that type.
+//!
+//! We use this to compute whether different patterns might capture a same value. Do the patterns
+//! `Ok("foo")` and `Err(_)` capture a common value? The answer is no, because the first pattern
+//! captures only values starting with the `Ok` constructor and the second only values starting
+//! with the `Err` constructor. Do the patterns `Some(42)` and `Some(1..10)` intersect? They might,
+//! since they both capture values starting with `Some`. To be certain, we need to dig under the
+//! `Some` constructor and continue asking the question. This is the main idea behind the
+//! exhaustiveness algorithm: by looking at patterns constructor-by-constructor, we can efficiently
+//! figure out if some new pattern might capture a value that hadn't been captured by previous
+//! patterns.
+//!
+//! Constructors are represented by the `Constructor` enum, and its fields by the `Fields` enum.
+//! Most of the complexity of this file resides in transforming between patterns and
+//! (`Constructor`, `Fields`) pairs, handling all the special cases correctly.
+//!
+//! Caveat: this constructors/fields distinction doesn't quite cover every Rust value. For example
+//! a value of type `Rc<u64>` doesn't fit this idea very well, nor do various other things.
+//! However, this idea covers most of the cases that are relevant to exhaustiveness checking.
+//!
+//!
+//! # Algorithm
+//!
+//! Recall that `U(P, p)` represents whether, given an existing list of patterns (aka matrix) `P`,
+//! adding a new pattern `p` will cover previously-uncovered values of the type.
+//! During the course of the algorithm, the rows of the matrix won't just be individual patterns,
+//! but rather partially-deconstructed patterns in the form of a list of fields. The paper
+//! calls those pattern-vectors, and we will call them pattern-stacks. The same holds for the
+//! new pattern `p`.
+//!
+//! For example, say we have the following:
+//!
+//! ```
+//! // x: (Option<bool>, Result<()>)
+//! match x {
+//!     (Some(true), _) => {}
+//!     (None, Err(())) => {}
+//!     (None, Err(_)) => {}
+//! }
+//! ```
+//!
+//! Here, the matrix `P` starts as:
+//!
+//! ```
+//! [
+//!     [(Some(true), _)],
+//!     [(None, Err(()))],
+//!     [(None, Err(_))],
+//! ]
+//! ```
+//!
+//! We can tell it's not exhaustive, because `U(P, _)` is true (we're not covering
+//! `[(Some(false), _)]`, for instance). In addition, row 3 is not useful, because
+//! all the values it covers are already covered by row 2.
+//!
+//! A list of patterns can be thought of as a stack, because we are mainly interested in the top of
+//! the stack at any given point, and we can pop or apply constructors to get new pattern-stacks.
+//! To match the paper, the top of the stack is at the beginning / on the left.
+//!
+//! There are two important operations on pattern-stacks necessary to understand the algorithm:
+//!
+//! 1. We can pop a given constructor off the top of a stack. This operation is called
+//!    `specialize`, and is denoted `S(c, p)` where `c` is a constructor (like `Some` or
+//!    `None`) and `p` a pattern-stack.
+//!    If the pattern on top of the stack can cover `c`, this removes the constructor and
+//!    pushes its arguments onto the stack. It also expands OR-patterns into distinct patterns.
+//!    Otherwise the pattern-stack is discarded.
+//!    This essentially filters those pattern-stacks whose top covers the constructor `c` and
+//!    discards the others.
+//!
+//!    For example, the first pattern above initially gives a stack `[(Some(true), _)]`. If we
+//!    pop the tuple constructor, we are left with `[Some(true), _]`, and if we then pop the
+//!    `Some` constructor we get `[true, _]`. If we had popped `None` instead, we would get
+//!    nothing back.
+//!
+//!    This returns zero or more new pattern-stacks, as follows. We look at the pattern `p_1`
+//!    on top of the stack, and we have four cases:
+//!
+//!      1.1. `p_1 = c(r_1, .., r_a)`, i.e. the top of the stack has constructor `c`. We
+//!           push onto the stack the arguments of this constructor, and return the result:
+//!              `r_1, .., r_a, p_2, .., p_n`
+//!
+//!      1.2. `p_1 = c'(r_1, .., r_a')` where `c ≠ c'`. We discard the current stack and
+//!           return nothing.
+//!
+//!         1.3. `p_1 = _`. We push onto the stack as many wildcards as the constructor `c` has
+//!              arguments (its arity), and return the resulting stack:
+//!                 `_, .., _, p_2, .., p_n`
+//!
+//!         1.4. `p_1 = r_1 | r_2`. We expand the OR-pattern and then recurse on each resulting
+//!              stack:
+//!                 - `S(c, (r_1, p_2, .., p_n))`
+//!                 - `S(c, (r_2, p_2, .., p_n))`
+//!
+//! 2. We can pop a wildcard off the top of the stack. This is called `S(_, p)`, where `p` is
+//!    a pattern-stack. Note: the paper calls this `D(p)`.
+//!    This is used when we know there are missing constructor cases, but there might be
+//!    existing wildcard patterns, so to check the usefulness of the matrix, we have to check
+//!    all its *other* components.
+//!
+//!    It is computed as follows. We look at the pattern `p_1` on top of the stack,
+//!    and we have three cases:
+//!         2.1. `p_1 = c(r_1, .., r_a)`. We discard the current stack and return nothing.
+//!         2.2. `p_1 = _`. We return the rest of the stack:
+//!                 p_2, .., p_n
+//!         2.3. `p_1 = r_1 | r_2`. We expand the OR-pattern and then recurse on each resulting
+//!           stack.
+//!                 - `S(_, (r_1, p_2, .., p_n))`
+//!                 - `S(_, (r_2, p_2, .., p_n))`
+//!
+//! Note that the OR-patterns are not always used directly in Rust, but are used to derive the
+//! exhaustive integer matching rules, so they're written here for posterity.
+//!
+//! Both those operations extend straightforwardly to a list or pattern-stacks, i.e. a matrix, by
+//! working row-by-row. Popping a constructor ends up keeping only the matrix rows that start with
+//! the given constructor, and popping a wildcard keeps those rows that start with a wildcard.
+//!
+//!
+//! The algorithm for computing `U`
+//! -------------------------------
+//! The algorithm is inductive (on the number of columns: i.e., components of tuple patterns).
+//! That means we're going to check the components from left-to-right, so the algorithm
+//! operates principally on the first component of the matrix and new pattern-stack `p`.
+//! This algorithm is realised in the `is_useful` function.
+//!
+//! Base case. (`n = 0`, i.e., an empty tuple pattern)
+//!     - If `P` already contains an empty pattern (i.e., if the number of patterns `m > 0`),
+//!       then `U(P, p)` is false.
+//!     - Otherwise, `P` must be empty, so `U(P, p)` is true.
+//!
+//! Inductive step. (`n > 0`, i.e., whether there's at least one column
+//!                  [which may then be expanded into further columns later])
+//! We're going to match on the top of the new pattern-stack, `p_1`.
+//!     - If `p_1 == c(r_1, .., r_a)`, i.e. we have a constructor pattern.
+//! Then, the usefulness of `p_1` can be reduced to whether it is useful when
+//! we ignore all the patterns in the first column of `P` that involve other constructors.
+//! This is where `S(c, P)` comes in:
+//! `U(P, p) := U(S(c, P), S(c, p))`
+//!
+//! For example, if `P` is:
+//!
+//! ```
+//! [
+//!     [Some(true), _],
+//!     [None, 0],
+//! ]
+//! ```
+//!
+//! and `p` is `[Some(false), 0]`, then we don't care about row 2 since we know `p` only
+//! matches values that row 2 doesn't. For row 1 however, we need to dig into the
+//! arguments of `Some` to know whether some new value is covered. So we compute
+//! `U([[true, _]], [false, 0])`.
+//!
+//!   - If `p_1 == _`, then we look at the list of constructors that appear in the first
+//! component of the rows of `P`:
+//!   + If there are some constructors that aren't present, then we might think that the
+//! wildcard `_` is useful, since it covers those constructors that weren't covered
+//! before.
+//! That's almost correct, but only works if there were no wildcards in those first
+//! components. So we need to check that `p` is useful with respect to the rows that
+//! start with a wildcard, if there are any. This is where `S(_, x)` comes in:
+//! `U(P, p) := U(S(_, P), S(_, p))`
+//!
+//! For example, if `P` is:
+//!
+//! ```
+//! [
+//!     [_, true, _],
+//!     [None, false, 1],
+//! ]
+//! ```
+//!
+//! and `p` is `[_, false, _]`, the `Some` constructor doesn't appear in `P`. So if we
+//! only had row 2, we'd know that `p` is useful. However row 1 starts with a
+//! wildcard, so we need to check whether `U([[true, _]], [false, 1])`.
+//!
+//!   + Otherwise, all possible constructors (for the relevant type) are present. In this
+//! case we must check whether the wildcard pattern covers any unmatched value. For
+//! that, we can think of the `_` pattern as a big OR-pattern that covers all
+//! possible constructors. For `Option`, that would mean `_ = None | Some(_)` for
+//! example. The wildcard pattern is useful in this case if it is useful when
+//! specialized to one of the possible constructors. So we compute:
+//! `U(P, p) := ∃(k ϵ constructors) U(S(k, P), S(k, p))`
+//!
+//! For example, if `P` is:
+//!
+//! ```
+//! [
+//!     [Some(true), _],
+//!     [None, false],
+//! ]
+//! ```
+//!
+//! and `p` is `[_, false]`, both `None` and `Some` constructors appear in the first
+//! components of `P`. We will therefore try popping both constructors in turn: we
+//! compute `U([[true, _]], [_, false])` for the `Some` constructor, and `U([[false]],
+//! [false])` for the `None` constructor. The first case returns true, so we know that
+//! `p` is useful for `P`. Indeed, it matches `[Some(false), _]` that wasn't matched
+//! before.
+//!
+//!   - If `p_1 == r_1 | r_2`, then the usefulness depends on each `r_i` separately:
+//! `U(P, p) := U(P, (r_1, p_2, .., p_n))
+//!  || U(P, (r_2, p_2, .., p_n))`
+//!
+//! Modifications to the algorithm
+//! ------------------------------
+//! The algorithm in the paper doesn't cover some of the special cases that arise in Rust, for
+//! example uninhabited types and variable-length slice patterns. These are drawn attention to
+//! throughout the code below. I'll make a quick note here about how exhaustive integer matching is
+//! accounted for, though.
+//!
+//! Exhaustive integer matching
+//! ---------------------------
+//! An integer type can be thought of as a (huge) sum type: 1 | 2 | 3 | ...
+//! So to support exhaustive integer matching, we can make use of the logic in the paper for
+//! OR-patterns. However, we obviously can't just treat ranges x..=y as individual sums, because
+//! they are likely gigantic. So we instead treat ranges as constructors of the integers. This means
+//! that we have a constructor *of* constructors (the integers themselves). We then need to work
+//! through all the inductive step rules above, deriving how the ranges would be treated as
+//! OR-patterns, and making sure that they're treated in the same way even when they're ranges.
+//! There are really only four special cases here:
+//! - When we match on a constructor that's actually a range, we have to treat it as if we would
+//!   an OR-pattern.
+//!     + It turns out that we can simply extend the case for single-value patterns in
+//!      `specialize` to either be *equal* to a value constructor, or *contained within* a range
+//!      constructor.
+//!     + When the pattern itself is a range, you just want to tell whether any of the values in
+//!       the pattern range coincide with values in the constructor range, which is precisely
+//!       intersection.
+//!   Since when encountering a range pattern for a value constructor, we also use inclusion, it
+//!   means that whenever the constructor is a value/range and the pattern is also a value/range,
+//!   we can simply use intersection to test usefulness.
+//! - When we're testing for usefulness of a pattern and the pattern's first component is a
+//!   wildcard.
+//!     + If all the constructors appear in the matrix, we have a slight complication. By default,
+//!       the behaviour (i.e., a disjunction over specialised matrices for each constructor) is
+//!       invalid, because we want a disjunction over every *integer* in each range, not just a
+//!       disjunction over every range. This is a bit more tricky to deal with: essentially we need
+//!       to form equivalence classes of subranges of the constructor range for which the behaviour
+//!       of the matrix `P` and new pattern `p` are the same. This is described in more
+//!       detail in `Constructor::split`.
+//!     + If some constructors are missing from the matrix, it turns out we don't need to do
+//!       anything special (because we know none of the integers are actually wildcards: i.e., we
+//!       can't span wildcards using ranges).
+
+use self::Usefulness::*;
+use self::WitnessPreference::*;
+
+use super::deconstruct_pat::{Constructor, Fields, MissingConstructors};
+use super::{Pat, PatKind};
+use super::{PatternFoldable, PatternFolder};
+
+use rustc_data_structures::captures::Captures;
+use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashSet;
+use rustc_data_structures::sync::OnceCell;
+
+use rustc_arena::TypedArena;
+use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
+use rustc_hir::HirId;
+use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty, TyCtxt};
+use rustc_span::Span;
+
+use smallvec::{smallvec, SmallVec};
+use std::fmt;
+use std::iter::{FromIterator, IntoIterator};
+
+crate struct MatchCheckCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
+    crate tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+    /// The module in which the match occurs. This is necessary for
+    /// checking inhabited-ness of types because whether a type is (visibly)
+    /// inhabited can depend on whether it was defined in the current module or
+    /// not. E.g., `struct Foo { _private: ! }` cannot be seen to be empty
+    /// outside its module and should not be matchable with an empty match statement.
+    crate module: DefId,
+    crate param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
+    crate pattern_arena: &'a TypedArena<Pat<'tcx>>,
+}
+
+impl<'a, 'tcx> MatchCheckCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
+    pub(super) fn is_uninhabited(&self, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> bool {
+        if self.tcx.features().exhaustive_patterns {
+            self.tcx.is_ty_uninhabited_from(self.module, ty, self.param_env)
+        } else {
+            false
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether the given type is an enum from another crate declared `#[non_exhaustive]`.
+    pub(super) fn is_foreign_non_exhaustive_enum(&self, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> bool {
+        match ty.kind() {
+            ty::Adt(def, ..) => {
+                def.is_enum() && def.is_variant_list_non_exhaustive() && !def.did.is_local()
+            }
+            _ => false,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
+pub(super) struct PatCtxt<'a, 'p, 'tcx> {
+    pub(super) cx: &'a MatchCheckCtxt<'p, 'tcx>,
+    /// Current state of the matrix.
+    pub(super) matrix: &'a Matrix<'p, 'tcx>,
+    /// Type of the current column under investigation.
+    pub(super) ty: Ty<'tcx>,
+    /// Span of the current pattern under investigation.
+    pub(super) span: Span,
+    /// Whether the current pattern is the whole pattern as found in a match arm, or if it's a
+    /// subpattern.
+    pub(super) is_top_level: bool,
+}
+
+crate fn expand_pattern<'tcx>(pat: Pat<'tcx>) -> Pat<'tcx> {
+    LiteralExpander.fold_pattern(&pat)
+}
+
+struct LiteralExpander;
+
+impl<'tcx> PatternFolder<'tcx> for LiteralExpander {
+    fn fold_pattern(&mut self, pat: &Pat<'tcx>) -> Pat<'tcx> {
+        debug!("fold_pattern {:?} {:?} {:?}", pat, pat.ty.kind(), pat.kind);
+        match (pat.ty.kind(), pat.kind.as_ref()) {
+            (_, PatKind::Binding { subpattern: Some(s), .. }) => s.fold_with(self),
+            (_, PatKind::AscribeUserType { subpattern: s, .. }) => s.fold_with(self),
+            (ty::Ref(_, t, _), PatKind::Constant { .. }) if t.is_str() => {
+                // Treat string literal patterns as deref patterns to a `str` constant, i.e.
+                // `&CONST`. This expands them like other const patterns. This could have been done
+                // in `const_to_pat`, but that causes issues with the rest of the matching code.
+                let mut new_pat = pat.super_fold_with(self);
+                // Make a fake const pattern of type `str` (instead of `&str`). That the carried
+                // constant value still knows it is of type `&str`.
+                new_pat.ty = t;
+                Pat {
+                    kind: Box::new(PatKind::Deref { subpattern: new_pat }),
+                    span: pat.span,
+                    ty: pat.ty,
+                }
+            }
+            _ => pat.super_fold_with(self),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'tcx> Pat<'tcx> {
+    pub(super) fn is_wildcard(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(*self.kind, PatKind::Binding { subpattern: None, .. } | PatKind::Wild)
+    }
+}
+
+/// A row of a matrix. Rows of len 1 are very common, which is why `SmallVec[_; 2]`
+/// works well.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+struct PatStack<'p, 'tcx> {
+    pats: SmallVec<[&'p Pat<'tcx>; 2]>,
+    /// Cache for the constructor of the head
+    head_ctor: OnceCell<Constructor<'tcx>>,
+}
+
+impl<'p, 'tcx> PatStack<'p, 'tcx> {
+    fn from_pattern(pat: &'p Pat<'tcx>) -> Self {
+        Self::from_vec(smallvec![pat])
+    }
+
+    fn from_vec(vec: SmallVec<[&'p Pat<'tcx>; 2]>) -> Self {
+        PatStack { pats: vec, head_ctor: OnceCell::new() }
+    }
+
+    fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.pats.is_empty()
+    }
+
+    fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.pats.len()
+    }
+
+    fn head(&self) -> &'p Pat<'tcx> {
+        self.pats[0]
+    }
+
+    fn head_ctor<'a>(&'a self, cx: &MatchCheckCtxt<'p, 'tcx>) -> &'a Constructor<'tcx> {
+        self.head_ctor.get_or_init(|| Constructor::from_pat(cx, self.head()))
+    }
+
+    fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &Pat<'tcx>> {
+        self.pats.iter().copied()
+    }
+
+    // If the first pattern is an or-pattern, expand this pattern. Otherwise, return `None`.
+    fn expand_or_pat(&self) -> Option<Vec<Self>> {
+        if self.is_empty() {
+            None
+        } else if let PatKind::Or { pats } = &*self.head().kind {
+            Some(
+                pats.iter()
+                    .map(|pat| {
+                        let mut new_patstack = PatStack::from_pattern(pat);
+                        new_patstack.pats.extend_from_slice(&self.pats[1..]);
+                        new_patstack
+                    })
+                    .collect(),
+            )
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// This computes `S(self.head_ctor(), self)`. See top of the file for explanations.
+    ///
+    /// Structure patterns with a partial wild pattern (Foo { a: 42, .. }) have their missing
+    /// fields filled with wild patterns.
+    ///
+    /// This is roughly the inverse of `Constructor::apply`.
+    fn pop_head_constructor(&self, ctor_wild_subpatterns: &Fields<'p, 'tcx>) -> PatStack<'p, 'tcx> {
+        // We pop the head pattern and push the new fields extracted from the arguments of
+        // `self.head()`.
+        let mut new_fields =
+            ctor_wild_subpatterns.replace_with_pattern_arguments(self.head()).filtered_patterns();
+        new_fields.extend_from_slice(&self.pats[1..]);
+        PatStack::from_vec(new_fields)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'p, 'tcx> Default for PatStack<'p, 'tcx> {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::from_vec(smallvec![])
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'p, 'tcx> PartialEq for PatStack<'p, 'tcx> {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.pats == other.pats
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'p, 'tcx> FromIterator<&'p Pat<'tcx>> for PatStack<'p, 'tcx> {
+    fn from_iter<T>(iter: T) -> Self
+    where
+        T: IntoIterator<Item = &'p Pat<'tcx>>,
+    {
+        Self::from_vec(iter.into_iter().collect())
+    }
+}
+
+/// A 2D matrix.
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub(super) struct Matrix<'p, 'tcx> {
+    patterns: Vec<PatStack<'p, 'tcx>>,
+}
+
+impl<'p, 'tcx> Matrix<'p, 'tcx> {
+    fn empty() -> Self {
+        Matrix { patterns: vec![] }
+    }
+
+    /// Number of columns of this matrix. `None` is the matrix is empty.
+    pub(super) fn column_count(&self) -> Option<usize> {
+        self.patterns.get(0).map(|r| r.len())
+    }
+
+    /// Pushes a new row to the matrix. If the row starts with an or-pattern, this expands it.
+    fn push(&mut self, row: PatStack<'p, 'tcx>) {
+        if let Some(rows) = row.expand_or_pat() {
+            for row in rows {
+                // We recursively expand the or-patterns of the new rows.
+                // This is necessary as we might have `0 | (1 | 2)` or e.g., `x @ 0 | x @ (1 | 2)`.
+                self.push(row)
+            }
+        } else {
+            self.patterns.push(row);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Iterate over the first component of each row
+    fn heads<'a>(&'a self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &'a Pat<'tcx>> + Captures<'p> {
+        self.patterns.iter().map(|r| r.head())
+    }
+
+    /// Iterate over the first constructor of each row
+    pub(super) fn head_ctors<'a>(
+        &'a self,
+        cx: &'a MatchCheckCtxt<'p, 'tcx>,
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = &'a Constructor<'tcx>> + Captures<'a> + Captures<'p> {
+        self.patterns.iter().map(move |r| r.head_ctor(cx))
+    }
+
+    /// This computes `S(constructor, self)`. See top of the file for explanations.
+    fn specialize_constructor(
+        &self,
+        pcx: PatCtxt<'_, 'p, 'tcx>,
+        ctor: &Constructor<'tcx>,
+        ctor_wild_subpatterns: &Fields<'p, 'tcx>,
+    ) -> Matrix<'p, 'tcx> {
+        self.patterns
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|r| ctor.is_covered_by(pcx, r.head_ctor(pcx.cx)))
+            .map(|r| r.pop_head_constructor(ctor_wild_subpatterns))
+            .collect()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Pretty-printer for matrices of patterns, example:
+///
+/// ```text
+/// +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+/// + _     + []                +
+/// +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+/// + true  + [First]           +
+/// +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+/// + true  + [Second(true)]    +
+/// +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+/// + false + [_]               +
+/// +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+/// + _     + [_, _, tail @ ..] +
+/// +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+/// ```
+impl<'p, 'tcx> fmt::Debug for Matrix<'p, 'tcx> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "\n")?;
+
+        let Matrix { patterns: m, .. } = self;
+        let pretty_printed_matrix: Vec<Vec<String>> =
+            m.iter().map(|row| row.iter().map(|pat| format!("{:?}", pat)).collect()).collect();
+
+        let column_count = m.iter().map(|row| row.len()).max().unwrap_or(0);
+        assert!(m.iter().all(|row| row.len() == column_count));
+        let column_widths: Vec<usize> = (0..column_count)
+            .map(|col| pretty_printed_matrix.iter().map(|row| row[col].len()).max().unwrap_or(0))
+            .collect();
+
+        let total_width = column_widths.iter().cloned().sum::<usize>() + column_count * 3 + 1;
+        let br = "+".repeat(total_width);
+        write!(f, "{}\n", br)?;
+        for row in pretty_printed_matrix {
+            write!(f, "+")?;
+            for (column, pat_str) in row.into_iter().enumerate() {
+                write!(f, " ")?;
+                write!(f, "{:1$}", pat_str, column_widths[column])?;
+                write!(f, " +")?;
+            }
+            write!(f, "\n")?;
+            write!(f, "{}\n", br)?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'p, 'tcx> FromIterator<PatStack<'p, 'tcx>> for Matrix<'p, 'tcx> {
+    fn from_iter<T>(iter: T) -> Self
+    where
+        T: IntoIterator<Item = PatStack<'p, 'tcx>>,
+    {
+        let mut matrix = Matrix::empty();
+        for x in iter {
+            // Using `push` ensures we correctly expand or-patterns.
+            matrix.push(x);
+        }
+        matrix
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+crate enum Usefulness<'tcx> {
+    /// Carries, for each column in the matrix, a set of sub-branches that have been found to be
+    /// unreachable. Used only in the presence of or-patterns, otherwise it stays empty.
+    Useful(Vec<FxHashSet<Span>>),
+    /// Carries a list of witnesses of non-exhaustiveness.
+    UsefulWithWitness(Vec<Witness<'tcx>>),
+    NotUseful,
+}
+
+impl<'tcx> Usefulness<'tcx> {
+    fn new_useful(preference: WitnessPreference) -> Self {
+        match preference {
+            ConstructWitness => UsefulWithWitness(vec![Witness(vec![])]),
+            LeaveOutWitness => Useful(vec![]),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn is_useful(&self) -> bool {
+        !matches!(*self, NotUseful)
+    }
+
+    fn apply_constructor<'p>(
+        self,
+        pcx: PatCtxt<'_, 'p, 'tcx>,
+        ctor: &Constructor<'tcx>,
+        ctor_wild_subpatterns: &Fields<'p, 'tcx>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        match self {
+            UsefulWithWitness(witnesses) => {
+                let new_witnesses = if ctor.is_wildcard() {
+                    let missing_ctors = MissingConstructors::new(pcx);
+                    let new_patterns = missing_ctors.report_patterns(pcx);
+                    witnesses
+                        .into_iter()
+                        .flat_map(|witness| {
+                            new_patterns.iter().map(move |pat| {
+                                let mut witness = witness.clone();
+                                witness.0.push(pat.clone());
+                                witness
+                            })
+                        })
+                        .collect()
+                } else {
+                    witnesses
+                        .into_iter()
+                        .map(|witness| witness.apply_constructor(pcx, &ctor, ctor_wild_subpatterns))
+                        .collect()
+                };
+                UsefulWithWitness(new_witnesses)
+            }
+            Useful(mut unreachables) => {
+                if !unreachables.is_empty() {
+                    // When we apply a constructor, there are `arity` columns of the matrix that
+                    // corresponded to its arguments. All the unreachables found in these columns
+                    // will, after `apply`, come from the first column. So we take the union of all
+                    // the corresponding sets and put them in the first column.
+                    // Note that `arity` may be 0, in which case we just push a new empty set.
+                    let len = unreachables.len();
+                    let arity = ctor_wild_subpatterns.len();
+                    let mut unioned = FxHashSet::default();
+                    for set in unreachables.drain((len - arity)..) {
+                        unioned.extend(set)
+                    }
+                    unreachables.push(unioned);
+                }
+                Useful(unreachables)
+            }
+            x => x,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+enum WitnessPreference {
+    ConstructWitness,
+    LeaveOutWitness,
+}
+
+/// A witness of non-exhaustiveness for error reporting, represented
+/// as a list of patterns (in reverse order of construction) with
+/// wildcards inside to represent elements that can take any inhabitant
+/// of the type as a value.
+///
+/// A witness against a list of patterns should have the same types
+/// and length as the pattern matched against. Because Rust `match`
+/// is always against a single pattern, at the end the witness will
+/// have length 1, but in the middle of the algorithm, it can contain
+/// multiple patterns.
+///
+/// For example, if we are constructing a witness for the match against
+///
+/// ```
+/// struct Pair(Option<(u32, u32)>, bool);
+///
+/// match (p: Pair) {
+///    Pair(None, _) => {}
+///    Pair(_, false) => {}
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// We'll perform the following steps:
+/// 1. Start with an empty witness
+///     `Witness(vec![])`
+/// 2. Push a witness `Some(_)` against the `None`
+///     `Witness(vec![Some(_)])`
+/// 3. Push a witness `true` against the `false`
+///     `Witness(vec![Some(_), true])`
+/// 4. Apply the `Pair` constructor to the witnesses
+///     `Witness(vec![Pair(Some(_), true)])`
+///
+/// The final `Pair(Some(_), true)` is then the resulting witness.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+crate struct Witness<'tcx>(Vec<Pat<'tcx>>);
+
+impl<'tcx> Witness<'tcx> {
+    /// Asserts that the witness contains a single pattern, and returns it.
+    fn single_pattern(self) -> Pat<'tcx> {
+        assert_eq!(self.0.len(), 1);
+        self.0.into_iter().next().unwrap()
+    }
+
+    /// Constructs a partial witness for a pattern given a list of
+    /// patterns expanded by the specialization step.
+    ///
+    /// When a pattern P is discovered to be useful, this function is used bottom-up
+    /// to reconstruct a complete witness, e.g., a pattern P' that covers a subset
+    /// of values, V, where each value in that set is not covered by any previously
+    /// used patterns and is covered by the pattern P'. Examples:
+    ///
+    /// left_ty: tuple of 3 elements
+    /// pats: [10, 20, _]           => (10, 20, _)
+    ///
+    /// left_ty: struct X { a: (bool, &'static str), b: usize}
+    /// pats: [(false, "foo"), 42]  => X { a: (false, "foo"), b: 42 }
+    fn apply_constructor<'p>(
+        mut self,
+        pcx: PatCtxt<'_, 'p, 'tcx>,
+        ctor: &Constructor<'tcx>,
+        ctor_wild_subpatterns: &Fields<'p, 'tcx>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let pat = {
+            let len = self.0.len();
+            let arity = ctor_wild_subpatterns.len();
+            let pats = self.0.drain((len - arity)..).rev();
+            ctor_wild_subpatterns.replace_fields(pcx.cx, pats).apply(pcx, ctor)
+        };
+
+        self.0.push(pat);
+
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+/// Algorithm from <http://moscova.inria.fr/~maranget/papers/warn/index.html>.
+/// The algorithm from the paper has been modified to correctly handle empty
+/// types. The changes are:
+///   (0) We don't exit early if the pattern matrix has zero rows. We just
+///       continue to recurse over columns.
+///   (1) all_constructors will only return constructors that are statically
+///       possible. E.g., it will only return `Ok` for `Result<T, !>`.
+///
+/// This finds whether a (row) vector `v` of patterns is 'useful' in relation
+/// to a set of such vectors `m` - this is defined as there being a set of
+/// inputs that will match `v` but not any of the sets in `m`.
+///
+/// All the patterns at each column of the `matrix ++ v` matrix must have the same type.
+///
+/// This is used both for reachability checking (if a pattern isn't useful in
+/// relation to preceding patterns, it is not reachable) and exhaustiveness
+/// checking (if a wildcard pattern is useful in relation to a matrix, the
+/// matrix isn't exhaustive).
+///
+/// `is_under_guard` is used to inform if the pattern has a guard. If it
+/// has one it must not be inserted into the matrix. This shouldn't be
+/// relied on for soundness.
+fn is_useful<'p, 'tcx>(
+    cx: &MatchCheckCtxt<'p, 'tcx>,
+    matrix: &Matrix<'p, 'tcx>,
+    v: &PatStack<'p, 'tcx>,
+    witness_preference: WitnessPreference,
+    hir_id: HirId,
+    is_under_guard: bool,
+    is_top_level: bool,
+) -> Usefulness<'tcx> {
+    let Matrix { patterns: rows, .. } = matrix;
+    debug!("is_useful({:#?}, {:#?})", matrix, v);
+
+    // The base case. We are pattern-matching on () and the return value is
+    // based on whether our matrix has a row or not.
+    // NOTE: This could potentially be optimized by checking rows.is_empty()
+    // first and then, if v is non-empty, the return value is based on whether
+    // the type of the tuple we're checking is inhabited or not.
+    if v.is_empty() {
+        return if rows.is_empty() {
+            Usefulness::new_useful(witness_preference)
+        } else {
+            NotUseful
+        };
+    };
+
+    assert!(rows.iter().all(|r| r.len() == v.len()));
+
+    // If the first pattern is an or-pattern, expand it.
+    if let Some(vs) = v.expand_or_pat() {
+        // We expand the or pattern, trying each of its branches in turn and keeping careful track
+        // of possible unreachable sub-branches.
+        //
+        // If two branches have detected some unreachable sub-branches, we need to be careful. If
+        // they were detected in columns that are not the current one, we want to keep only the
+        // sub-branches that were unreachable in _all_ branches. Eg. in the following, the last
+        // `true` is unreachable in the second branch of the first or-pattern, but not otherwise.
+        // Therefore we don't want to lint that it is unreachable.
+        //
+        // ```
+        // match (true, true) {
+        //     (true, true) => {}
+        //     (false | true, false | true) => {}
+        // }
+        // ```
+        // If however the sub-branches come from the current column, they come from the inside of
+        // the current or-pattern, and we want to keep them all. Eg. in the following, we _do_ want
+        // to lint that the last `false` is unreachable.
+        // ```
+        // match None {
+        //     Some(false) => {}
+        //     None | Some(true | false) => {}
+        // }
+        // ```
+
+        let mut matrix = matrix.clone();
+        // We keep track of sub-branches separately depending on whether they come from this column
+        // or from others.
+        let mut unreachables_this_column: FxHashSet<Span> = FxHashSet::default();
+        let mut unreachables_other_columns: Vec<FxHashSet<Span>> = Vec::default();
+        // Whether at least one branch is reachable.
+        let mut any_is_useful = false;
+
+        for v in vs {
+            let res = is_useful(cx, &matrix, &v, witness_preference, hir_id, is_under_guard, false);
+            match res {
+                Useful(unreachables) => {
+                    if let Some((this_column, other_columns)) = unreachables.split_last() {
+                        // We keep the union of unreachables found in the first column.
+                        unreachables_this_column.extend(this_column);
+                        // We keep the intersection of unreachables found in other columns.
+                        if unreachables_other_columns.is_empty() {
+                            unreachables_other_columns = other_columns.to_vec();
+                        } else {
+                            unreachables_other_columns = unreachables_other_columns
+                                .into_iter()
+                                .zip(other_columns)
+                                .map(|(x, y)| x.intersection(&y).copied().collect())
+                                .collect();
+                        }
+                    }
+                    any_is_useful = true;
+                }
+                NotUseful => {
+                    unreachables_this_column.insert(v.head().span);
+                }
+                UsefulWithWitness(_) => bug!(
+                    "encountered or-pat in the expansion of `_` during exhaustiveness checking"
+                ),
+            }
+
+            // If pattern has a guard don't add it to the matrix.
+            if !is_under_guard {
+                // We push the already-seen patterns into the matrix in order to detect redundant
+                // branches like `Some(_) | Some(0)`.
+                matrix.push(v);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return if any_is_useful {
+            let mut unreachables = if unreachables_other_columns.is_empty() {
+                let n_columns = v.len();
+                (0..n_columns - 1).map(|_| FxHashSet::default()).collect()
+            } else {
+                unreachables_other_columns
+            };
+            unreachables.push(unreachables_this_column);
+            Useful(unreachables)
+        } else {
+            NotUseful
+        };
+    }
+
+    // FIXME(Nadrieril): Hack to work around type normalization issues (see #72476).
+    let ty = matrix.heads().next().map(|r| r.ty).unwrap_or(v.head().ty);
+    let pcx = PatCtxt { cx, matrix, ty, span: v.head().span, is_top_level };
+
+    debug!("is_useful_expand_first_col: ty={:#?}, expanding {:#?}", pcx.ty, v.head());
+
+    let ret = v
+        .head_ctor(cx)
+        .split(pcx, Some(hir_id))
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|ctor| {
+            // We cache the result of `Fields::wildcards` because it is used a lot.
+            let ctor_wild_subpatterns = Fields::wildcards(pcx, &ctor);
+            let matrix = pcx.matrix.specialize_constructor(pcx, &ctor, &ctor_wild_subpatterns);
+            let v = v.pop_head_constructor(&ctor_wild_subpatterns);
+            let usefulness =
+                is_useful(pcx.cx, &matrix, &v, witness_preference, hir_id, is_under_guard, false);
+            usefulness.apply_constructor(pcx, &ctor, &ctor_wild_subpatterns)
+        })
+        .find(|result| result.is_useful())
+        .unwrap_or(NotUseful);
+    debug!("is_useful::returns({:#?}, {:#?}) = {:?}", matrix, v, ret);
+    ret
+}
+
+/// The arm of a match expression.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+crate struct MatchArm<'p, 'tcx> {
+    /// The pattern must have been lowered through `MatchVisitor::lower_pattern`.
+    crate pat: &'p super::Pat<'tcx>,
+    crate hir_id: HirId,
+    crate has_guard: bool,
+}
+
+/// The output of checking a match for exhaustiveness and arm reachability.
+crate struct UsefulnessReport<'p, 'tcx> {
+    /// For each arm of the input, whether that arm is reachable after the arms above it.
+    crate arm_usefulness: Vec<(MatchArm<'p, 'tcx>, Usefulness<'tcx>)>,
+    /// If the match is exhaustive, this is empty. If not, this contains witnesses for the lack of
+    /// exhaustiveness.
+    crate non_exhaustiveness_witnesses: Vec<super::Pat<'tcx>>,
+}
+
+/// The entrypoint for the usefulness algorithm. Computes whether a match is exhaustive and which
+/// of its arms are reachable.
+///
+/// Note: the input patterns must have been lowered through `MatchVisitor::lower_pattern`.
+crate fn compute_match_usefulness<'p, 'tcx>(
+    cx: &MatchCheckCtxt<'p, 'tcx>,
+    arms: &[MatchArm<'p, 'tcx>],
+    scrut_hir_id: HirId,
+    scrut_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
+) -> UsefulnessReport<'p, 'tcx> {
+    let mut matrix = Matrix::empty();
+    let arm_usefulness: Vec<_> = arms
+        .iter()
+        .copied()
+        .map(|arm| {
+            let v = PatStack::from_pattern(arm.pat);
+            let usefulness =
+                is_useful(cx, &matrix, &v, LeaveOutWitness, arm.hir_id, arm.has_guard, true);
+            if !arm.has_guard {
+                matrix.push(v);
+            }
+            (arm, usefulness)
+        })
+        .collect();
+
+    let wild_pattern = cx.pattern_arena.alloc(super::Pat::wildcard_from_ty(scrut_ty));
+    let v = PatStack::from_pattern(wild_pattern);
+    let usefulness = is_useful(cx, &matrix, &v, ConstructWitness, scrut_hir_id, false, true);
+    let non_exhaustiveness_witnesses = match usefulness {
+        NotUseful => vec![], // Wildcard pattern isn't useful, so the match is exhaustive.
+        UsefulWithWitness(pats) => {
+            if pats.is_empty() {
+                bug!("Exhaustiveness check returned no witnesses")
+            } else {
+                pats.into_iter().map(|w| w.single_pattern()).collect()
+            }
+        }
+        Useful(_) => bug!(),
+    };
+    UsefulnessReport { arm_usefulness, non_exhaustiveness_witnesses }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/lib.rs
index 8a6b0230023..44999c9b63a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/lib.rs
@@ -6,15 +6,18 @@
 #![feature(or_patterns)]
 
 use rustc_ast as ast;
+use rustc_ast::attr::HasAttrs;
 use rustc_ast::token::{self, DelimToken, Nonterminal, Token, TokenKind};
 use rustc_ast::tokenstream::{self, LazyTokenStream, TokenStream, TokenTree};
 use rustc_ast_pretty::pprust;
+use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashSet;
 use rustc_data_structures::sync::Lrc;
 use rustc_errors::{Diagnostic, FatalError, Level, PResult};
 use rustc_session::parse::ParseSess;
 use rustc_span::{symbol::kw, FileName, SourceFile, Span, DUMMY_SP};
 
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
+use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::mem;
 use std::path::Path;
 use std::str;
@@ -249,29 +252,23 @@ pub fn nt_to_tokenstream(nt: &Nonterminal, sess: &ParseSess, span: Span) -> Toke
     // before we fall back to the stringification.
 
     let convert_tokens =
-        |tokens: &Option<LazyTokenStream>| tokens.as_ref().map(|t| t.create_token_stream());
+        |tokens: Option<&LazyTokenStream>| tokens.as_ref().map(|t| t.create_token_stream());
 
     let tokens = match *nt {
         Nonterminal::NtItem(ref item) => prepend_attrs(&item.attrs, item.tokens.as_ref()),
-        Nonterminal::NtBlock(ref block) => convert_tokens(&block.tokens),
-        Nonterminal::NtStmt(ref stmt) => {
-            // FIXME: We currently only collect tokens for `:stmt`
-            // matchers in `macro_rules!` macros. When we start collecting
-            // tokens for attributes on statements, we will need to prepend
-            // attributes here
-            convert_tokens(&stmt.tokens)
-        }
-        Nonterminal::NtPat(ref pat) => convert_tokens(&pat.tokens),
-        Nonterminal::NtTy(ref ty) => convert_tokens(&ty.tokens),
+        Nonterminal::NtBlock(ref block) => convert_tokens(block.tokens.as_ref()),
+        Nonterminal::NtStmt(ref stmt) => prepend_attrs(stmt.attrs(), stmt.tokens()),
+        Nonterminal::NtPat(ref pat) => convert_tokens(pat.tokens.as_ref()),
+        Nonterminal::NtTy(ref ty) => convert_tokens(ty.tokens.as_ref()),
         Nonterminal::NtIdent(ident, is_raw) => {
             Some(tokenstream::TokenTree::token(token::Ident(ident.name, is_raw), ident.span).into())
         }
         Nonterminal::NtLifetime(ident) => {
             Some(tokenstream::TokenTree::token(token::Lifetime(ident.name), ident.span).into())
         }
-        Nonterminal::NtMeta(ref attr) => convert_tokens(&attr.tokens),
-        Nonterminal::NtPath(ref path) => convert_tokens(&path.tokens),
-        Nonterminal::NtVis(ref vis) => convert_tokens(&vis.tokens),
+        Nonterminal::NtMeta(ref attr) => convert_tokens(attr.tokens.as_ref()),
+        Nonterminal::NtPath(ref path) => convert_tokens(path.tokens.as_ref()),
+        Nonterminal::NtVis(ref vis) => convert_tokens(vis.tokens.as_ref()),
         Nonterminal::NtTT(ref tt) => Some(tt.clone().into()),
         Nonterminal::NtExpr(ref expr) | Nonterminal::NtLiteral(ref expr) => {
             if expr.tokens.is_none() {
@@ -281,6 +278,25 @@ pub fn nt_to_tokenstream(nt: &Nonterminal, sess: &ParseSess, span: Span) -> Toke
         }
     };
 
+    // Caches the stringification of 'good' `TokenStreams` which passed
+    // `tokenstream_probably_equal_for_proc_macro`. This allows us to avoid
+    // repeatedly stringifying and comparing the same `TokenStream` for deeply
+    // nested nonterminals.
+    //
+    // We cache by the strinification instead of the `TokenStream` to avoid
+    // needing to implement `Hash` for `TokenStream`. Note that it's possible to
+    // have two distinct `TokenStream`s that stringify to the same result
+    // (e.g. if they differ only in hygiene information). However, any
+    // information lost during the stringification process is also intentionally
+    // ignored by `tokenstream_probably_equal_for_proc_macro`, so it's fine
+    // that a single cache entry may 'map' to multiple distinct `TokenStream`s.
+    //
+    // This is a temporary hack to prevent compilation blowup on certain inputs.
+    // The entire pretty-print/retokenize process will be removed soon.
+    thread_local! {
+        static GOOD_TOKEN_CACHE: RefCell<FxHashSet<String>> = Default::default();
+    }
+
     // FIXME(#43081): Avoid this pretty-print + reparse hack
     // Pretty-print the AST struct without inserting any parenthesis
     // beyond those explicitly written by the user (e.g. `ExpnKind::Paren`).
@@ -288,7 +304,7 @@ pub fn nt_to_tokenstream(nt: &Nonterminal, sess: &ParseSess, span: Span) -> Toke
     // ever used for a comparison against the capture tokenstream.
     let source = pprust::nonterminal_to_string_no_extra_parens(nt);
     let filename = FileName::macro_expansion_source_code(&source);
-    let reparsed_tokens = parse_stream_from_source_str(filename, source, sess, Some(span));
+    let reparsed_tokens = parse_stream_from_source_str(filename, source.clone(), sess, Some(span));
 
     // During early phases of the compiler the AST could get modified
     // directly (e.g., attributes added or removed) and the internal cache
@@ -314,8 +330,13 @@ pub fn nt_to_tokenstream(nt: &Nonterminal, sess: &ParseSess, span: Span) -> Toke
     // modifications, including adding/removing typically non-semantic
     // tokens such as extra braces and commas, don't happen.
     if let Some(tokens) = tokens {
+        if GOOD_TOKEN_CACHE.with(|cache| cache.borrow().contains(&source)) {
+            return tokens;
+        }
+
         // Compare with a non-relaxed delim match to start.
         if tokenstream_probably_equal_for_proc_macro(&tokens, &reparsed_tokens, sess, false) {
+            GOOD_TOKEN_CACHE.with(|cache| cache.borrow_mut().insert(source.clone()));
             return tokens;
         }
 
@@ -324,6 +345,11 @@ pub fn nt_to_tokenstream(nt: &Nonterminal, sess: &ParseSess, span: Span) -> Toke
         // token stream to match up with inserted parenthesis in the reparsed stream.
         let source_with_parens = pprust::nonterminal_to_string(nt);
         let filename_with_parens = FileName::macro_expansion_source_code(&source_with_parens);
+
+        if GOOD_TOKEN_CACHE.with(|cache| cache.borrow().contains(&source_with_parens)) {
+            return tokens;
+        }
+
         let reparsed_tokens_with_parens = parse_stream_from_source_str(
             filename_with_parens,
             source_with_parens,
@@ -339,6 +365,7 @@ pub fn nt_to_tokenstream(nt: &Nonterminal, sess: &ParseSess, span: Span) -> Toke
             sess,
             true,
         ) {
+            GOOD_TOKEN_CACHE.with(|cache| cache.borrow_mut().insert(source.clone()));
             return tokens;
         }
 
@@ -418,9 +445,9 @@ pub fn tokenstream_probably_equal_for_proc_macro(
         // to iterate breaking tokens mutliple times. For example:
         // '[BinOpEq(Shr)] => [Gt, Ge] -> [Gt, Gt, Eq]'
         let mut token_trees: SmallVec<[_; 2]>;
-        if let TokenTree::Token(token) = &tree {
+        if let TokenTree::Token(token) = tree {
             let mut out = SmallVec::<[_; 2]>::new();
-            out.push(token.clone());
+            out.push(token);
             // Iterate to fixpoint:
             // * We start off with 'out' containing our initial token, and `temp` empty
             // * If we are able to break any tokens in `out`, then `out` will have
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/attr.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/attr.rs
index 41985757b57..fae09fa6fec 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/attr.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/attr.rs
@@ -8,8 +8,9 @@ use rustc_span::{sym, Span};
 
 use tracing::debug;
 
+// Public for rustfmt usage
 #[derive(Debug)]
-pub(super) enum InnerAttrPolicy<'a> {
+pub enum InnerAttrPolicy<'a> {
     Permitted,
     Forbidden { reason: &'a str, saw_doc_comment: bool, prev_attr_sp: Option<Span> },
 }
@@ -78,7 +79,8 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
 
     /// Matches `attribute = # ! [ meta_item ]`.
     /// `inner_parse_policy` prescribes how to handle inner attributes.
-    fn parse_attribute(
+    // Public for rustfmt usage.
+    pub fn parse_attribute(
         &mut self,
         inner_parse_policy: InnerAttrPolicy<'_>,
     ) -> PResult<'a, ast::Attribute> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/mod.rs
index 40aa2db58c7..b746256f5fe 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/mod.rs
@@ -873,7 +873,8 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             id: DUMMY_NODE_ID,
             value: self.mk_expr(blk.span, ExprKind::Block(blk, None), AttrVec::new()),
         };
-        Ok(self.mk_expr(span, ExprKind::ConstBlock(anon_const), AttrVec::new()))
+        let blk_span = anon_const.value.span;
+        Ok(self.mk_expr(span.to(blk_span), ExprKind::ConstBlock(anon_const), AttrVec::new()))
     }
 
     /// Parses mutability (`mut` or nothing).
@@ -1213,14 +1214,20 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         //
         // This also makes `Parser` very cheap to clone, since
         // there is no intermediate collection buffer to clone.
+        #[derive(Clone)]
         struct LazyTokenStreamImpl {
             start_token: (Token, Spacing),
             cursor_snapshot: TokenCursor,
             num_calls: usize,
             desugar_doc_comments: bool,
+            trailing_semi: bool,
         }
         impl CreateTokenStream for LazyTokenStreamImpl {
             fn create_token_stream(&self) -> TokenStream {
+                let mut num_calls = self.num_calls;
+                if self.trailing_semi {
+                    num_calls += 1;
+                }
                 // The token produced by the final call to `next` or `next_desugared`
                 // was not actually consumed by the callback. The combination
                 // of chaining the initial token and using `take` produces the desired
@@ -1228,17 +1235,25 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                 // and omit the final token otherwise.
                 let mut cursor_snapshot = self.cursor_snapshot.clone();
                 let tokens = std::iter::once(self.start_token.clone())
-                    .chain((0..self.num_calls).map(|_| {
+                    .chain((0..num_calls).map(|_| {
                         if self.desugar_doc_comments {
                             cursor_snapshot.next_desugared()
                         } else {
                             cursor_snapshot.next()
                         }
                     }))
-                    .take(self.num_calls);
+                    .take(num_calls);
 
                 make_token_stream(tokens)
             }
+            fn add_trailing_semi(&self) -> Box<dyn CreateTokenStream> {
+                if self.trailing_semi {
+                    panic!("Called `add_trailing_semi` twice!");
+                }
+                let mut new = self.clone();
+                new.trailing_semi = true;
+                Box::new(new)
+            }
         }
 
         let lazy_impl = LazyTokenStreamImpl {
@@ -1246,6 +1261,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             num_calls: self.token_cursor.num_next_calls - cursor_snapshot.num_next_calls,
             cursor_snapshot,
             desugar_doc_comments: self.desugar_doc_comments,
+            trailing_semi: false,
         };
         Ok((ret, Some(LazyTokenStream::new(lazy_impl))))
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/nonterminal.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/nonterminal.rs
index ab88362dad9..c007f96a798 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/nonterminal.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/nonterminal.rs
@@ -117,8 +117,8 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                 let (stmt, tokens) = self.collect_tokens(|this| this.parse_stmt())?;
                 match stmt {
                     Some(mut s) => {
-                        if s.tokens.is_none() {
-                            s.tokens = tokens;
+                        if s.tokens().is_none() {
+                            s.set_tokens(tokens);
                         }
                         token::NtStmt(s)
                     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/path.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/path.rs
index d64fd59b0a6..17e5bcf7605 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/path.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/path.rs
@@ -3,10 +3,9 @@ use super::{Parser, TokenType};
 use crate::maybe_whole;
 use rustc_ast::ptr::P;
 use rustc_ast::token::{self, Token};
-use rustc_ast::{
-    self as ast, AngleBracketedArg, AngleBracketedArgs, GenericArg, ParenthesizedArgs,
-};
+use rustc_ast::{self as ast, AngleBracketedArg, AngleBracketedArgs, ParenthesizedArgs};
 use rustc_ast::{AnonConst, AssocTyConstraint, AssocTyConstraintKind, BlockCheckMode};
+use rustc_ast::{GenericArg, GenericArgs};
 use rustc_ast::{Path, PathSegment, QSelf};
 use rustc_errors::{pluralize, Applicability, PResult};
 use rustc_span::source_map::{BytePos, Span};
@@ -414,32 +413,40 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
 
     /// Parses a single argument in the angle arguments `<...>` of a path segment.
     fn parse_angle_arg(&mut self) -> PResult<'a, Option<AngleBracketedArg>> {
-        if self.check_ident() && self.look_ahead(1, |t| matches!(t.kind, token::Eq | token::Colon))
-        {
-            // Parse associated type constraint.
-            let lo = self.token.span;
-            let ident = self.parse_ident()?;
-            let kind = if self.eat(&token::Eq) {
-                let ty = self.parse_assoc_equality_term(ident, self.prev_token.span)?;
-                AssocTyConstraintKind::Equality { ty }
-            } else if self.eat(&token::Colon) {
-                let bounds = self.parse_generic_bounds(Some(self.prev_token.span))?;
-                AssocTyConstraintKind::Bound { bounds }
-            } else {
-                unreachable!();
-            };
+        let lo = self.token.span;
+        let arg = self.parse_generic_arg()?;
+        match arg {
+            Some(arg) => {
+                if self.check(&token::Colon) | self.check(&token::Eq) {
+                    let (ident, gen_args) = self.get_ident_from_generic_arg(arg, lo)?;
+                    let kind = if self.eat(&token::Colon) {
+                        // Parse associated type constraint bound.
+
+                        let bounds = self.parse_generic_bounds(Some(self.prev_token.span))?;
+                        AssocTyConstraintKind::Bound { bounds }
+                    } else if self.eat(&token::Eq) {
+                        // Parse associated type equality constraint
+
+                        let ty = self.parse_assoc_equality_term(ident, self.prev_token.span)?;
+                        AssocTyConstraintKind::Equality { ty }
+                    } else {
+                        unreachable!();
+                    };
 
-            let span = lo.to(self.prev_token.span);
+                    let span = lo.to(self.prev_token.span);
 
-            // Gate associated type bounds, e.g., `Iterator<Item: Ord>`.
-            if let AssocTyConstraintKind::Bound { .. } = kind {
-                self.sess.gated_spans.gate(sym::associated_type_bounds, span);
+                    // Gate associated type bounds, e.g., `Iterator<Item: Ord>`.
+                    if let AssocTyConstraintKind::Bound { .. } = kind {
+                        self.sess.gated_spans.gate(sym::associated_type_bounds, span);
+                    }
+                    let constraint =
+                        AssocTyConstraint { id: ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID, ident, gen_args, kind, span };
+                    Ok(Some(AngleBracketedArg::Constraint(constraint)))
+                } else {
+                    Ok(Some(AngleBracketedArg::Arg(arg)))
+                }
             }
-
-            let constraint = AssocTyConstraint { id: ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID, ident, kind, span };
-            Ok(Some(AngleBracketedArg::Constraint(constraint)))
-        } else {
-            Ok(self.parse_generic_arg()?.map(AngleBracketedArg::Arg))
+            _ => Ok(None),
         }
     }
 
@@ -542,4 +549,54 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         };
         Ok(Some(arg))
     }
+
+    fn get_ident_from_generic_arg(
+        &self,
+        gen_arg: GenericArg,
+        lo: Span,
+    ) -> PResult<'a, (Ident, Option<GenericArgs>)> {
+        let gen_arg_span = gen_arg.span();
+        match gen_arg {
+            GenericArg::Type(t) => match t.into_inner().kind {
+                ast::TyKind::Path(qself, mut path) => {
+                    if let Some(qself) = qself {
+                        let mut err = self.struct_span_err(
+                            gen_arg_span,
+                            "qualified paths cannot be used in associated type constraints",
+                        );
+                        err.span_label(
+                            qself.path_span,
+                            "not allowed in associated type constraints",
+                        );
+                        return Err(err);
+                    }
+                    if path.segments.len() == 1 {
+                        let path_seg = path.segments.remove(0);
+                        let ident = path_seg.ident;
+                        let gen_args = path_seg.args.map(|args| args.into_inner());
+                        return Ok((ident, gen_args));
+                    }
+                    let err = self.struct_span_err(
+                        path.span,
+                        "paths with multiple segments cannot be used in associated type constraints",
+                    );
+                    return Err(err);
+                }
+                _ => {
+                    let span = lo.to(self.prev_token.span);
+                    let err = self.struct_span_err(
+                        span,
+                        "only path types can be used in associated type constraints",
+                    );
+                    return Err(err);
+                }
+            },
+            _ => {
+                let span = lo.to(self.prev_token.span);
+                let err = self
+                    .struct_span_err(span, "only types can be used in associated type constraints");
+                return Err(err);
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/stmt.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/stmt.rs
index 131ff1ae6b3..e974556f43a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/stmt.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/stmt.rs
@@ -7,8 +7,10 @@ use super::{BlockMode, Parser, Restrictions, SemiColonMode};
 use crate::maybe_whole;
 
 use rustc_ast as ast;
+use rustc_ast::attr::HasAttrs;
 use rustc_ast::ptr::P;
 use rustc_ast::token::{self, TokenKind};
+use rustc_ast::tokenstream::LazyTokenStream;
 use rustc_ast::util::classify;
 use rustc_ast::{AttrStyle, AttrVec, Attribute, MacCall, MacCallStmt, MacStmtStyle};
 use rustc_ast::{Block, BlockCheckMode, Expr, ExprKind, Local, Stmt, StmtKind, DUMMY_NODE_ID};
@@ -31,45 +33,75 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
     }
 
     fn parse_stmt_without_recovery(&mut self) -> PResult<'a, Option<Stmt>> {
-        maybe_whole!(self, NtStmt, |x| Some(x));
-
-        let attrs = self.parse_outer_attributes()?;
+        let mut attrs = self.parse_outer_attributes()?;
+        let has_attrs = !attrs.is_empty();
         let lo = self.token.span;
 
-        let stmt = if self.eat_keyword(kw::Let) {
-            self.parse_local_mk(lo, attrs.into())?
-        } else if self.is_kw_followed_by_ident(kw::Mut) {
-            self.recover_stmt_local(lo, attrs.into(), "missing keyword", "let mut")?
-        } else if self.is_kw_followed_by_ident(kw::Auto) {
-            self.bump(); // `auto`
-            let msg = "write `let` instead of `auto` to introduce a new variable";
-            self.recover_stmt_local(lo, attrs.into(), msg, "let")?
-        } else if self.is_kw_followed_by_ident(sym::var) {
-            self.bump(); // `var`
-            let msg = "write `let` instead of `var` to introduce a new variable";
-            self.recover_stmt_local(lo, attrs.into(), msg, "let")?
-        } else if self.check_path() && !self.token.is_qpath_start() && !self.is_path_start_item() {
-            // We have avoided contextual keywords like `union`, items with `crate` visibility,
-            // or `auto trait` items. We aim to parse an arbitrary path `a::b` but not something
-            // that starts like a path (1 token), but it fact not a path.
-            // Also, we avoid stealing syntax from `parse_item_`.
-            self.parse_stmt_path_start(lo, attrs)?
-        } else if let Some(item) = self.parse_item_common(attrs.clone(), false, true, |_| true)? {
-            // FIXME: Bad copy of attrs
-            self.mk_stmt(lo.to(item.span), StmtKind::Item(P(item)))
-        } else if self.eat(&token::Semi) {
-            // Do not attempt to parse an expression if we're done here.
-            self.error_outer_attrs(&attrs);
-            self.mk_stmt(lo, StmtKind::Empty)
-        } else if self.token != token::CloseDelim(token::Brace) {
-            // Remainder are line-expr stmts.
-            let e = self.parse_expr_res(Restrictions::STMT_EXPR, Some(attrs.into()))?;
-            self.mk_stmt(lo.to(e.span), StmtKind::Expr(e))
+        maybe_whole!(self, NtStmt, |stmt| {
+            let mut stmt = stmt;
+            stmt.visit_attrs(|stmt_attrs| {
+                mem::swap(stmt_attrs, &mut attrs);
+                stmt_attrs.extend(attrs);
+            });
+            Some(stmt)
+        });
+
+        let parse_stmt_inner = |this: &mut Self| {
+            let stmt = if this.eat_keyword(kw::Let) {
+                this.parse_local_mk(lo, attrs.into())?
+            } else if this.is_kw_followed_by_ident(kw::Mut) {
+                this.recover_stmt_local(lo, attrs.into(), "missing keyword", "let mut")?
+            } else if this.is_kw_followed_by_ident(kw::Auto) {
+                this.bump(); // `auto`
+                let msg = "write `let` instead of `auto` to introduce a new variable";
+                this.recover_stmt_local(lo, attrs.into(), msg, "let")?
+            } else if this.is_kw_followed_by_ident(sym::var) {
+                this.bump(); // `var`
+                let msg = "write `let` instead of `var` to introduce a new variable";
+                this.recover_stmt_local(lo, attrs.into(), msg, "let")?
+            } else if this.check_path()
+                && !this.token.is_qpath_start()
+                && !this.is_path_start_item()
+            {
+                // We have avoided contextual keywords like `union`, items with `crate` visibility,
+                // or `auto trait` items. We aim to parse an arbitrary path `a::b` but not something
+                // that starts like a path (1 token), but it fact not a path.
+                // Also, we avoid stealing syntax from `parse_item_`.
+                this.parse_stmt_path_start(lo, attrs)?
+            } else if let Some(item) =
+                this.parse_item_common(attrs.clone(), false, true, |_| true)?
+            {
+                // FIXME: Bad copy of attrs
+                this.mk_stmt(lo.to(item.span), StmtKind::Item(P(item)))
+            } else if this.eat(&token::Semi) {
+                // Do not attempt to parse an expression if we're done here.
+                this.error_outer_attrs(&attrs);
+                this.mk_stmt(lo, StmtKind::Empty)
+            } else if this.token != token::CloseDelim(token::Brace) {
+                // Remainder are line-expr stmts.
+                let e = this.parse_expr_res(Restrictions::STMT_EXPR, Some(attrs.into()))?;
+                this.mk_stmt(lo.to(e.span), StmtKind::Expr(e))
+            } else {
+                this.error_outer_attrs(&attrs);
+                return Ok(None);
+            };
+            Ok(Some(stmt))
+        };
+
+        let stmt = if has_attrs {
+            let (mut stmt, tokens) = self.collect_tokens(parse_stmt_inner)?;
+            if let Some(stmt) = &mut stmt {
+                // If we already have tokens (e.g. due to encounting an `NtStmt`),
+                // use those instead.
+                if stmt.tokens().is_none() {
+                    stmt.set_tokens(tokens);
+                }
+            }
+            stmt
         } else {
-            self.error_outer_attrs(&attrs);
-            return Ok(None);
+            parse_stmt_inner(self)?
         };
-        Ok(Some(stmt))
+        Ok(stmt)
     }
 
     fn parse_stmt_path_start(&mut self, lo: Span, attrs: Vec<Attribute>) -> PResult<'a, Stmt> {
@@ -107,7 +139,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
 
         let kind = if delim == token::Brace || self.token == token::Semi || self.token == token::Eof
         {
-            StmtKind::MacCall(P(MacCallStmt { mac, style, attrs }))
+            StmtKind::MacCall(P(MacCallStmt { mac, style, attrs, tokens: None }))
         } else {
             // Since none of the above applied, this is an expression statement macro.
             let e = self.mk_expr(lo.to(hi), ExprKind::MacCall(mac), AttrVec::new());
@@ -219,7 +251,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             }
         };
         let hi = if self.token == token::Semi { self.token.span } else { self.prev_token.span };
-        Ok(P(ast::Local { ty, pat, init, id: DUMMY_NODE_ID, span: lo.to(hi), attrs }))
+        Ok(P(ast::Local { ty, pat, init, id: DUMMY_NODE_ID, span: lo.to(hi), attrs, tokens: None }))
     }
 
     /// Parses the RHS of a local variable declaration (e.g., '= 14;').
@@ -376,6 +408,12 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             None => return Ok(None),
         };
 
+        let add_semi_token = |tokens: Option<&mut LazyTokenStream>| {
+            if let Some(tokens) = tokens {
+                *tokens = tokens.add_trailing_semi();
+            }
+        };
+
         let mut eat_semi = true;
         match stmt.kind {
             // Expression without semicolon.
@@ -417,6 +455,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                     *expr = self.mk_expr_err(sp);
                 }
             }
+            StmtKind::Expr(_) | StmtKind::MacCall(_) => {}
             StmtKind::Local(ref mut local) => {
                 if let Err(e) = self.expect_semi() {
                     // We might be at the `,` in `let x = foo<bar, baz>;`. Try to recover.
@@ -430,13 +469,18 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                     }
                 }
                 eat_semi = false;
+                // We just checked that there's a semicolon in the tokenstream,
+                // so capture it
+                add_semi_token(local.tokens.as_mut());
             }
-            StmtKind::Empty => eat_semi = false,
-            _ => {}
+            StmtKind::Empty | StmtKind::Item(_) | StmtKind::Semi(_) => eat_semi = false,
         }
 
         if eat_semi && self.eat(&token::Semi) {
             stmt = stmt.add_trailing_semicolon();
+            // We just checked that we have a semicolon in the tokenstream,
+            // so capture it
+            add_semi_token(stmt.tokens_mut());
         }
         stmt.span = stmt.span.to(self.prev_token.span);
         Ok(Some(stmt))
@@ -447,7 +491,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
     }
 
     pub(super) fn mk_stmt(&self, span: Span, kind: StmtKind) -> Stmt {
-        Stmt { id: DUMMY_NODE_ID, kind, span, tokens: None }
+        Stmt { id: DUMMY_NODE_ID, kind, span }
     }
 
     pub(super) fn mk_stmt_err(&self, span: Span) -> Stmt {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/check_attr.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/check_attr.rs
index 7679582f881..9c0234953bb 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/check_attr.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/check_attr.rs
@@ -89,6 +89,8 @@ impl CheckAttrVisitor<'tcx> {
                 self.check_allow_internal_unstable(&attr, span, target, &attrs)
             } else if self.tcx.sess.check_name(attr, sym::rustc_allow_const_fn_unstable) {
                 self.check_rustc_allow_const_fn_unstable(hir_id, &attr, span, target)
+            } else if self.tcx.sess.check_name(attr, sym::naked) {
+                self.check_naked(attr, span, target)
             } else {
                 // lint-only checks
                 if self.tcx.sess.check_name(attr, sym::cold) {
@@ -162,6 +164,25 @@ impl CheckAttrVisitor<'tcx> {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Checks if `#[naked]` is applied to a function definition.
+    fn check_naked(&self, attr: &Attribute, span: &Span, target: Target) -> bool {
+        match target {
+            Target::Fn
+            | Target::Method(MethodKind::Trait { body: true } | MethodKind::Inherent) => true,
+            _ => {
+                self.tcx
+                    .sess
+                    .struct_span_err(
+                        attr.span,
+                        "attribute should be applied to a function definition",
+                    )
+                    .span_label(*span, "not a function definition")
+                    .emit();
+                false
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Checks if a `#[track_caller]` is applied to a non-naked function. Returns `true` if valid.
     fn check_track_caller(
         &self,
@@ -171,7 +192,7 @@ impl CheckAttrVisitor<'tcx> {
         target: Target,
     ) -> bool {
         match target {
-            _ if self.tcx.sess.contains_name(attrs, sym::naked) => {
+            _ if attrs.iter().any(|attr| attr.has_name(sym::naked)) => {
                 struct_span_err!(
                     self.tcx.sess,
                     *attr_span,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/dead.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/dead.rs
index f567dd83bc1..b87b13cff80 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/dead.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/dead.rs
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ impl<'tcx> MarkSymbolVisitor<'tcx> {
 
                     intravisit::walk_item(self, &item);
                 }
-                hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod(..) => {}
+                hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod { .. } => {}
                 _ => {
                     intravisit::walk_item(self, &item);
                 }
@@ -447,6 +447,8 @@ impl<'v, 'k, 'tcx> ItemLikeVisitor<'v> for LifeSeeder<'k, 'tcx> {
     fn visit_impl_item(&mut self, _item: &hir::ImplItem<'_>) {
         // ignore: we are handling this in `visit_item` above
     }
+
+    fn visit_foreign_item(&mut self, _item: &'v hir::ForeignItem<'v>) {}
 }
 
 fn create_and_seed_worklist<'tcx>(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/diagnostic_items.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/diagnostic_items.rs
index 5a087c41f58..699c96bc49d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/diagnostic_items.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/diagnostic_items.rs
@@ -37,6 +37,10 @@ impl<'v, 'tcx> ItemLikeVisitor<'v> for DiagnosticItemCollector<'tcx> {
     fn visit_impl_item(&mut self, impl_item: &hir::ImplItem<'_>) {
         self.observe_item(&impl_item.attrs, impl_item.hir_id);
     }
+
+    fn visit_foreign_item(&mut self, foreign_item: &hir::ForeignItem<'_>) {
+        self.observe_item(foreign_item.attrs, foreign_item.hir_id);
+    }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> DiagnosticItemCollector<'tcx> {
@@ -100,18 +104,6 @@ fn collect<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> FxHashMap<Symbol, DefId> {
 
     // Collect diagnostic items in this crate.
     tcx.hir().krate().visit_all_item_likes(&mut collector);
-    // FIXME(visit_all_item_likes): Foreign items are not visited
-    // here, so we have to manually look at them for now.
-    for (_, foreign_module) in tcx.foreign_modules(LOCAL_CRATE).iter() {
-        for &foreign_item in foreign_module.foreign_items.iter() {
-            match tcx.hir().get(tcx.hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(foreign_item.expect_local())) {
-                hir::Node::ForeignItem(item) => {
-                    collector.observe_item(item.attrs, item.hir_id);
-                }
-                item => bug!("unexpected foreign item {:?}", item),
-            }
-        }
-    }
 
     for m in tcx.hir().krate().exported_macros {
         collector.observe_item(m.attrs, m.hir_id);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/entry.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/entry.rs
index e87adb378e7..5ff631a2457 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/entry.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/entry.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use rustc_ast::entry::EntryPointType;
 use rustc_errors::struct_span_err;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{CrateNum, LocalDefId, CRATE_DEF_INDEX, LOCAL_CRATE};
 use rustc_hir::itemlikevisit::ItemLikeVisitor;
-use rustc_hir::{HirId, ImplItem, Item, ItemKind, TraitItem};
+use rustc_hir::{ForeignItem, HirId, ImplItem, Item, ItemKind, TraitItem};
 use rustc_middle::hir::map::Map;
 use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
@@ -45,6 +45,10 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ItemLikeVisitor<'tcx> for EntryContext<'a, 'tcx> {
     fn visit_impl_item(&mut self, _impl_item: &'tcx ImplItem<'tcx>) {
         // Entry fn is never a trait item.
     }
+
+    fn visit_foreign_item(&mut self, _: &'tcx ForeignItem<'tcx>) {
+        // Entry fn is never a foreign item.
+    }
 }
 
 fn entry_fn(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, cnum: CrateNum) -> Option<(LocalDefId, EntryFnType)> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/hir_id_validator.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/hir_id_validator.rs
index 6d1a5fcc10b..c7e057927ab 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/hir_id_validator.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/hir_id_validator.rs
@@ -68,6 +68,11 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> ItemLikeVisitor<'hir> for OuterVisitor<'a, 'hir> {
         let mut inner_visitor = self.new_inner_visitor(self.hir_map);
         inner_visitor.check(i.hir_id, |this| intravisit::walk_impl_item(this, i));
     }
+
+    fn visit_foreign_item(&mut self, i: &'hir hir::ForeignItem<'hir>) {
+        let mut inner_visitor = self.new_inner_visitor(self.hir_map);
+        inner_visitor.check(i.hir_id, |this| intravisit::walk_foreign_item(this, i));
+    }
 }
 
 impl<'a, 'hir> HirIdValidator<'a, 'hir> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/lang_items.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/lang_items.rs
index 0ae0c381a11..3132661e5f5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/lang_items.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/lang_items.rs
@@ -54,6 +54,8 @@ impl ItemLikeVisitor<'v> for LanguageItemCollector<'tcx> {
             impl_item.attrs,
         )
     }
+
+    fn visit_foreign_item(&mut self, _: &hir::ForeignItem<'_>) {}
 }
 
 impl LanguageItemCollector<'tcx> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/layout_test.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/layout_test.rs
index 504cbbfcb76..9e83cbd6680 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/layout_test.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/layout_test.rs
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ impl ItemLikeVisitor<'tcx> for LayoutTest<'tcx> {
 
     fn visit_trait_item(&mut self, _: &'tcx hir::TraitItem<'tcx>) {}
     fn visit_impl_item(&mut self, _: &'tcx hir::ImplItem<'tcx>) {}
+    fn visit_foreign_item(&mut self, _: &'tcx hir::ForeignItem<'tcx>) {}
 }
 
 impl LayoutTest<'tcx> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/lib.rs
index c32c9c8eaa6..9759a500e06 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/lib.rs
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #![doc(html_root_url = "https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/nightly-rustc/")]
 #![feature(const_fn)]
 #![feature(const_panic)]
+#![feature(crate_visibility_modifier)]
 #![feature(in_band_lifetimes)]
 #![feature(nll)]
 #![feature(or_patterns)]
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ pub mod layout_test;
 mod lib_features;
 mod liveness;
 pub mod loops;
+mod naked_functions;
 mod reachable;
 mod region;
 pub mod stability;
@@ -46,6 +48,7 @@ pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
     lang_items::provide(providers);
     lib_features::provide(providers);
     loops::provide(providers);
+    naked_functions::provide(providers);
     liveness::provide(providers);
     intrinsicck::provide(providers);
     reachable::provide(providers);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/naked_functions.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/naked_functions.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6ef45cdd391
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/naked_functions.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+use rustc_hir as hir;
+use rustc_hir::def_id::LocalDefId;
+use rustc_hir::intravisit::{ErasedMap, FnKind, NestedVisitorMap, Visitor};
+use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
+use rustc_span::symbol::sym;
+use rustc_span::Span;
+
+fn check_mod_naked_functions(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, module_def_id: LocalDefId) {
+    tcx.hir().visit_item_likes_in_module(
+        module_def_id,
+        &mut CheckNakedFunctions { tcx }.as_deep_visitor(),
+    );
+}
+
+crate fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
+    *providers = Providers { check_mod_naked_functions, ..*providers };
+}
+
+struct CheckNakedFunctions<'tcx> {
+    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+}
+
+impl<'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for CheckNakedFunctions<'tcx> {
+    type Map = ErasedMap<'tcx>;
+
+    fn nested_visit_map(&mut self) -> NestedVisitorMap<Self::Map> {
+        NestedVisitorMap::None
+    }
+
+    fn visit_fn(
+        &mut self,
+        fk: FnKind<'v>,
+        _fd: &'tcx hir::FnDecl<'tcx>,
+        body_id: hir::BodyId,
+        _span: Span,
+        _hir_id: hir::HirId,
+    ) {
+        match fk {
+            // Rejected during attribute check. Do not validate further.
+            FnKind::Closure(..) => return,
+            FnKind::ItemFn(..) | FnKind::Method(..) => {}
+        }
+
+        let naked = fk.attrs().iter().any(|attr| attr.has_name(sym::naked));
+        if naked {
+            let body = self.tcx.hir().body(body_id);
+            check_params(self.tcx, body);
+            check_body(self.tcx, body);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Checks that parameters don't use patterns. Mirrors the checks for function declarations.
+fn check_params(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, body: &hir::Body<'_>) {
+    for param in body.params {
+        match param.pat.kind {
+            hir::PatKind::Wild
+            | hir::PatKind::Binding(hir::BindingAnnotation::Unannotated, _, _, None) => {}
+            _ => {
+                tcx.sess
+                    .struct_span_err(
+                        param.pat.span,
+                        "patterns not allowed in naked function parameters",
+                    )
+                    .emit();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Checks that function parameters aren't referenced in the function body.
+fn check_body<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, body: &'tcx hir::Body<'tcx>) {
+    let mut params = hir::HirIdSet::default();
+    for param in body.params {
+        param.pat.each_binding(|_binding_mode, hir_id, _span, _ident| {
+            params.insert(hir_id);
+        });
+    }
+    CheckBody { tcx, params }.visit_body(body);
+}
+
+struct CheckBody<'tcx> {
+    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+    params: hir::HirIdSet,
+}
+
+impl<'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for CheckBody<'tcx> {
+    type Map = ErasedMap<'tcx>;
+
+    fn nested_visit_map(&mut self) -> NestedVisitorMap<Self::Map> {
+        NestedVisitorMap::None
+    }
+
+    fn visit_expr(&mut self, expr: &'tcx hir::Expr<'tcx>) {
+        if let hir::ExprKind::Path(hir::QPath::Resolved(
+            _,
+            hir::Path { res: hir::def::Res::Local(var_hir_id), .. },
+        )) = expr.kind
+        {
+            if self.params.contains(var_hir_id) {
+                self.tcx
+                    .sess
+                    .struct_span_err(
+                        expr.span,
+                        "use of parameters not allowed inside naked functions",
+                    )
+                    .emit();
+            }
+        }
+        hir::intravisit::walk_expr(self, expr);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/reachable.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/reachable.rs
index 8d5c980609c..fde83af99a5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/reachable.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/reachable.rs
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ impl<'tcx> ReachableContext<'tcx> {
                     | hir::ItemKind::TyAlias(..)
                     | hir::ItemKind::Static(..)
                     | hir::ItemKind::Mod(..)
-                    | hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod(..)
+                    | hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod { .. }
                     | hir::ItemKind::Impl { .. }
                     | hir::ItemKind::Trait(..)
                     | hir::ItemKind::TraitAlias(..)
@@ -378,6 +378,10 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ItemLikeVisitor<'tcx> for CollectPrivateImplItemsVisitor<'a, 'tcx
     fn visit_impl_item(&mut self, _impl_item: &hir::ImplItem<'_>) {
         // processed in visit_item above
     }
+
+    fn visit_foreign_item(&mut self, _foreign_item: &hir::ForeignItem<'_>) {
+        // We never export foreign functions as they have no body to export.
+    }
 }
 
 fn reachable_set<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, crate_num: CrateNum) -> FxHashSet<LocalDefId> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/stability.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/stability.rs
index 04b5c65e464..f6bbbd80bf1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/stability.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/stability.rs
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for Annotator<'a, 'tcx> {
             // they don't have their own stability. They still can be annotated as unstable
             // and propagate this unstability to children, but this annotation is completely
             // optional. They inherit stability from their parents when unannotated.
-            hir::ItemKind::Impl { of_trait: None, .. } | hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod(..) => {
+            hir::ItemKind::Impl { of_trait: None, .. } | hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod { .. } => {
                 self.in_trait_impl = false;
                 kind = AnnotationKind::Container;
             }
@@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for MissingStabilityAnnotations<'tcx> {
         // optional. They inherit stability from their parents when unannotated.
         if !matches!(
             i.kind,
-            hir::ItemKind::Impl { of_trait: None, .. } | hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod(..)
+            hir::ItemKind::Impl { of_trait: None, .. } | hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod { .. }
         ) {
             self.check_missing_stability(i.hir_id, i.span);
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_plugin_impl/src/build.rs b/compiler/rustc_plugin_impl/src/build.rs
index d16dd701a12..4796d9a80b6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_plugin_impl/src/build.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_plugin_impl/src/build.rs
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ impl<'v, 'tcx> ItemLikeVisitor<'v> for RegistrarFinder<'tcx> {
     fn visit_trait_item(&mut self, _trait_item: &hir::TraitItem<'_>) {}
 
     fn visit_impl_item(&mut self, _impl_item: &hir::ImplItem<'_>) {}
+
+    fn visit_foreign_item(&mut self, _foreign_item: &hir::ForeignItem<'_>) {}
 }
 
 /// Finds the function marked with `#[plugin_registrar]`, if any.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_privacy/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_privacy/src/lib.rs
index b8fa9081aa3..4414bf57c6b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_privacy/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_privacy/src/lib.rs
@@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ impl Visitor<'tcx> for EmbargoVisitor<'tcx> {
                 Option::<AccessLevel>::of_impl(item.hir_id, self.tcx, &self.access_levels)
             }
             // Foreign modules inherit level from parents.
-            hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod(..) => self.prev_level,
+            hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod { .. } => self.prev_level,
             // Other `pub` items inherit levels from parents.
             hir::ItemKind::Const(..)
             | hir::ItemKind::Enum(..)
@@ -654,10 +654,10 @@ impl Visitor<'tcx> for EmbargoVisitor<'tcx> {
                     }
                 }
             }
-            hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod(ref foreign_mod) => {
-                for foreign_item in foreign_mod.items {
+            hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod { items, .. } => {
+                for foreign_item in items {
                     if foreign_item.vis.node.is_pub() {
-                        self.update(foreign_item.hir_id, item_level);
+                        self.update(foreign_item.id.hir_id, item_level);
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -770,11 +770,11 @@ impl Visitor<'tcx> for EmbargoVisitor<'tcx> {
                 }
             }
             // Visit everything, but foreign items have their own levels.
-            hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod(ref foreign_mod) => {
-                for foreign_item in foreign_mod.items {
-                    let foreign_item_level = self.get(foreign_item.hir_id);
+            hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod { items, .. } => {
+                for foreign_item in items {
+                    let foreign_item_level = self.get(foreign_item.id.hir_id);
                     if foreign_item_level.is_some() {
-                        self.reach(foreign_item.hir_id, foreign_item_level)
+                        self.reach(foreign_item.id.hir_id, foreign_item_level)
                             .generics()
                             .predicates()
                             .ty();
@@ -1430,7 +1430,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for ObsoleteVisiblePrivateTypesVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
 
             // An `extern {}` doesn't introduce a new privacy
             // namespace (the contents have their own privacies).
-            hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod(_) => {}
+            hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod { .. } => {}
 
             hir::ItemKind::Trait(.., ref bounds, _) => {
                 if !self.trait_is_public(item.hir_id) {
@@ -1948,10 +1948,10 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for PrivateItemsInPublicInterfacesVisitor<'a, 'tcx>
                 }
             }
             // Subitems of foreign modules have their own publicity.
-            hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod(ref foreign_mod) => {
-                for foreign_item in foreign_mod.items {
-                    let vis = tcx.visibility(tcx.hir().local_def_id(foreign_item.hir_id));
-                    self.check(foreign_item.hir_id, vis).generics().predicates().ty();
+            hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod { items, .. } => {
+                for foreign_item in items {
+                    let vis = tcx.visibility(tcx.hir().local_def_id(foreign_item.id.hir_id));
+                    self.check(foreign_item.id.hir_id, vis).generics().predicates().ty();
                 }
             }
             // Subitems of structs and unions have their own publicity.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/diagnostics.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/diagnostics.rs
index a0d5b61e8bd..809de9beff6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/diagnostics.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/diagnostics.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 use std::cmp::Reverse;
 use std::ptr;
 
-use rustc_ast::util::lev_distance::find_best_match_for_name;
 use rustc_ast::{self as ast, Path};
 use rustc_ast_pretty::pprust;
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashSet;
@@ -14,6 +13,7 @@ use rustc_middle::bug;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, DefIdTree};
 use rustc_session::Session;
 use rustc_span::hygiene::MacroKind;
+use rustc_span::lev_distance::find_best_match_for_name;
 use rustc_span::source_map::SourceMap;
 use rustc_span::symbol::{kw, sym, Ident, Symbol};
 use rustc_span::{BytePos, MultiSpan, Span};
@@ -716,7 +716,7 @@ impl<'a> Resolver<'a> {
         suggestions.sort_by_cached_key(|suggestion| suggestion.candidate.as_str());
 
         match find_best_match_for_name(
-            suggestions.iter().map(|suggestion| &suggestion.candidate),
+            &suggestions.iter().map(|suggestion| suggestion.candidate).collect::<Vec<Symbol>>(),
             ident.name,
             None,
         ) {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/imports.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/imports.rs
index 026cf8be738..cb1f0834ce7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/imports.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/imports.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ use crate::{CrateLint, Module, ModuleOrUniformRoot, ParentScope, PerNS, ScopeSet
 use crate::{NameBinding, NameBindingKind, PathResult, PrivacyError, ToNameBinding};
 
 use rustc_ast::unwrap_or;
-use rustc_ast::util::lev_distance::find_best_match_for_name;
 use rustc_ast::NodeId;
 use rustc_ast_lowering::ResolverAstLowering;
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashSet;
@@ -25,6 +24,7 @@ use rustc_session::lint::builtin::{PUB_USE_OF_PRIVATE_EXTERN_CRATE, UNUSED_IMPOR
 use rustc_session::lint::BuiltinLintDiagnostics;
 use rustc_session::DiagnosticMessageId;
 use rustc_span::hygiene::ExpnId;
+use rustc_span::lev_distance::find_best_match_for_name;
 use rustc_span::symbol::{kw, Ident, Symbol};
 use rustc_span::{MultiSpan, Span};
 
@@ -1096,33 +1096,37 @@ impl<'a, 'b> ImportResolver<'a, 'b> {
                     _ => None,
                 };
                 let resolutions = resolutions.as_ref().into_iter().flat_map(|r| r.iter());
-                let names = resolutions.filter_map(|(BindingKey { ident: i, .. }, resolution)| {
-                    if *i == ident {
-                        return None;
-                    } // Never suggest the same name
-                    match *resolution.borrow() {
-                        NameResolution { binding: Some(name_binding), .. } => {
-                            match name_binding.kind {
-                                NameBindingKind::Import { binding, .. } => {
-                                    match binding.kind {
-                                        // Never suggest the name that has binding error
-                                        // i.e., the name that cannot be previously resolved
-                                        NameBindingKind::Res(Res::Err, _) => None,
-                                        _ => Some(&i.name),
+                let names = resolutions
+                    .filter_map(|(BindingKey { ident: i, .. }, resolution)| {
+                        if *i == ident {
+                            return None;
+                        } // Never suggest the same name
+                        match *resolution.borrow() {
+                            NameResolution { binding: Some(name_binding), .. } => {
+                                match name_binding.kind {
+                                    NameBindingKind::Import { binding, .. } => {
+                                        match binding.kind {
+                                            // Never suggest the name that has binding error
+                                            // i.e., the name that cannot be previously resolved
+                                            NameBindingKind::Res(Res::Err, _) => None,
+                                            _ => Some(i.name),
+                                        }
                                     }
+                                    _ => Some(i.name),
                                 }
-                                _ => Some(&i.name),
                             }
+                            NameResolution { ref single_imports, .. }
+                                if single_imports.is_empty() =>
+                            {
+                                None
+                            }
+                            _ => Some(i.name),
                         }
-                        NameResolution { ref single_imports, .. } if single_imports.is_empty() => {
-                            None
-                        }
-                        _ => Some(&i.name),
-                    }
-                });
+                    })
+                    .collect::<Vec<Symbol>>();
 
                 let lev_suggestion =
-                    find_best_match_for_name(names, ident.name, None).map(|suggestion| {
+                    find_best_match_for_name(&names, ident.name, None).map(|suggestion| {
                         (
                             vec![(ident.span, suggestion.to_string())],
                             String::from("a similar name exists in the module"),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/diagnostics.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/diagnostics.rs
index 2473436a916..6ce299a9417 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/diagnostics.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/diagnostics.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ use crate::path_names_to_string;
 use crate::{CrateLint, Module, ModuleKind, ModuleOrUniformRoot};
 use crate::{PathResult, PathSource, Segment};
 
-use rustc_ast::util::lev_distance::find_best_match_for_name;
 use rustc_ast::visit::FnKind;
 use rustc_ast::{self as ast, Expr, ExprKind, Item, ItemKind, NodeId, Path, Ty, TyKind};
 use rustc_ast_pretty::pprust::path_segment_to_string;
@@ -18,6 +17,7 @@ use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefId, CRATE_DEF_INDEX, LOCAL_CRATE};
 use rustc_hir::PrimTy;
 use rustc_session::parse::feature_err;
 use rustc_span::hygiene::MacroKind;
+use rustc_span::lev_distance::find_best_match_for_name;
 use rustc_span::symbol::{kw, sym, Ident, Symbol};
 use rustc_span::{BytePos, MultiSpan, Span, DUMMY_SP};
 
@@ -1206,7 +1206,7 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'ast> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, '_, 'ast> {
         names.sort_by_cached_key(|suggestion| suggestion.candidate.as_str());
 
         match find_best_match_for_name(
-            names.iter().map(|suggestion| &suggestion.candidate),
+            &names.iter().map(|suggestion| suggestion.candidate).collect::<Vec<Symbol>>(),
             name,
             None,
         ) {
@@ -1592,9 +1592,10 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'ast> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, '_, 'ast> {
             .bindings
             .iter()
             .filter(|(id, _)| id.span.ctxt() == label.span.ctxt())
-            .map(|(id, _)| &id.name);
+            .map(|(id, _)| id.name)
+            .collect::<Vec<Symbol>>();
 
-        find_best_match_for_name(names, label.name, None).map(|symbol| {
+        find_best_match_for_name(&names, label.name, None).map(|symbol| {
             // Upon finding a similar name, get the ident that it was from - the span
             // contained within helps make a useful diagnostic. In addition, determine
             // whether this candidate is within scope.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/lifetimes.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/lifetimes.rs
index c79d670737e..91edbebc05f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/lifetimes.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/lifetimes.rs
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
             hir::ItemKind::ExternCrate(_)
             | hir::ItemKind::Use(..)
             | hir::ItemKind::Mod(..)
-            | hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod(..)
+            | hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod { .. }
             | hir::ItemKind::GlobalAsm(..) => {
                 // These sorts of items have no lifetime parameters at all.
                 intravisit::walk_item(self, item);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_save_analysis/src/sig.rs b/compiler/rustc_save_analysis/src/sig.rs
index 2f82d0546ba..ff445d727fa 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_save_analysis/src/sig.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_save_analysis/src/sig.rs
@@ -550,7 +550,7 @@ impl<'hir> Sig for hir::Item<'hir> {
 
                 // FIXME where clause
             }
-            hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod(_) => Err("extern mod"),
+            hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod { .. } => Err("extern mod"),
             hir::ItemKind::GlobalAsm(_) => Err("global asm"),
             hir::ItemKind::ExternCrate(_) => Err("extern crate"),
             hir::ItemKind::OpaqueTy(..) => Err("opaque type"),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_session/src/options.rs b/compiler/rustc_session/src/options.rs
index 731bbf029fa..b438be0696a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_session/src/options.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_session/src/options.rs
@@ -1008,7 +1008,7 @@ options! {DebuggingOptions, DebuggingSetter, basic_debugging_options,
         "whether to use the PLT when calling into shared libraries;
         only has effect for PIC code on systems with ELF binaries
         (default: PLT is disabled if full relro is enabled)"),
-    polonius: bool = (false, parse_bool, [UNTRACKED],
+    polonius: bool = (false, parse_bool, [TRACKED],
         "enable polonius-based borrow-checker (default: no)"),
     polymorphize: bool = (false, parse_bool, [TRACKED],
           "perform polymorphization analysis"),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/util/lev_distance.rs b/compiler/rustc_span/src/lev_distance.rs
index 21c2c925bc4..edc6625a6ea 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/util/lev_distance.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_span/src/lev_distance.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-// FIXME(Centril): Move to rustc_span?
-
-use rustc_span::symbol::Symbol;
+use crate::symbol::Symbol;
 use std::cmp;
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -45,17 +43,14 @@ pub fn lev_distance(a: &str, b: &str) -> usize {
 ///
 /// Besides Levenshtein, we use case insensitive comparison to improve accuracy on an edge case with
 /// a lower(upper)case letters mismatch.
-pub fn find_best_match_for_name<'a, T>(
-    iter_names: T,
+#[cold]
+pub fn find_best_match_for_name(
+    name_vec: &[Symbol],
     lookup: Symbol,
     dist: Option<usize>,
-) -> Option<Symbol>
-where
-    T: Iterator<Item = &'a Symbol>,
-{
+) -> Option<Symbol> {
     let lookup = &lookup.as_str();
     let max_dist = dist.unwrap_or_else(|| cmp::max(lookup.len(), 3) / 3);
-    let name_vec: Vec<&Symbol> = iter_names.collect();
 
     let (case_insensitive_match, levenshtein_match) = name_vec
         .iter()
@@ -83,18 +78,18 @@ where
     // 2. Levenshtein distance match
     // 3. Sorted word match
     if let Some(candidate) = case_insensitive_match {
-        Some(*candidate)
+        Some(candidate)
     } else if levenshtein_match.is_some() {
-        levenshtein_match.map(|(candidate, _)| *candidate)
+        levenshtein_match.map(|(candidate, _)| candidate)
     } else {
         find_match_by_sorted_words(name_vec, lookup)
     }
 }
 
-fn find_match_by_sorted_words<'a>(iter_names: Vec<&'a Symbol>, lookup: &str) -> Option<Symbol> {
+fn find_match_by_sorted_words(iter_names: &[Symbol], lookup: &str) -> Option<Symbol> {
     iter_names.iter().fold(None, |result, candidate| {
         if sort_by_words(&candidate.as_str()) == sort_by_words(lookup) {
-            Some(**candidate)
+            Some(*candidate)
         } else {
             result
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/util/lev_distance/tests.rs b/compiler/rustc_span/src/lev_distance/tests.rs
index 7ebedbcb76a..7aa01cb8efe 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/util/lev_distance/tests.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_span/src/lev_distance/tests.rs
@@ -21,38 +21,35 @@ fn test_lev_distance() {
 
 #[test]
 fn test_find_best_match_for_name() {
-    use rustc_span::with_default_session_globals;
+    use crate::with_default_session_globals;
     with_default_session_globals(|| {
         let input = vec![Symbol::intern("aaab"), Symbol::intern("aaabc")];
         assert_eq!(
-            find_best_match_for_name(input.iter(), Symbol::intern("aaaa"), None),
+            find_best_match_for_name(&input, Symbol::intern("aaaa"), None),
             Some(Symbol::intern("aaab"))
         );
 
-        assert_eq!(
-            find_best_match_for_name(input.iter(), Symbol::intern("1111111111"), None),
-            None
-        );
+        assert_eq!(find_best_match_for_name(&input, Symbol::intern("1111111111"), None), None);
 
         let input = vec![Symbol::intern("aAAA")];
         assert_eq!(
-            find_best_match_for_name(input.iter(), Symbol::intern("AAAA"), None),
+            find_best_match_for_name(&input, Symbol::intern("AAAA"), None),
             Some(Symbol::intern("aAAA"))
         );
 
         let input = vec![Symbol::intern("AAAA")];
         // Returns None because `lev_distance > max_dist / 3`
-        assert_eq!(find_best_match_for_name(input.iter(), Symbol::intern("aaaa"), None), None);
+        assert_eq!(find_best_match_for_name(&input, Symbol::intern("aaaa"), None), None);
 
         let input = vec![Symbol::intern("AAAA")];
         assert_eq!(
-            find_best_match_for_name(input.iter(), Symbol::intern("aaaa"), Some(4)),
+            find_best_match_for_name(&input, Symbol::intern("aaaa"), Some(4)),
             Some(Symbol::intern("AAAA"))
         );
 
         let input = vec![Symbol::intern("a_longer_variable_name")];
         assert_eq!(
-            find_best_match_for_name(input.iter(), Symbol::intern("a_variable_longer_name"), None),
+            find_best_match_for_name(&input, Symbol::intern("a_variable_longer_name"), None),
             Some(Symbol::intern("a_longer_variable_name"))
         );
     })
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_span/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_span/src/lib.rs
index 0926561f4c5..11a49d1ab88 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_span/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_span/src/lib.rs
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ use hygiene::Transparency;
 pub use hygiene::{DesugaringKind, ExpnData, ExpnId, ExpnKind, ForLoopLoc, MacroKind};
 pub mod def_id;
 use def_id::{CrateNum, DefId, LOCAL_CRATE};
+pub mod lev_distance;
 mod span_encoding;
 pub use span_encoding::{Span, DUMMY_SP};
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs b/compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs
index 338ff005995..d5fccdeb189 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs
@@ -285,6 +285,7 @@ symbols! {
         attr_literals,
         attributes,
         augmented_assignments,
+        auto_traits,
         automatically_derived,
         avx512_target_feature,
         await_macro,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/test.rs b/compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/test.rs
index a28c8cac728..8c5e438a728 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/test.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/test.rs
@@ -71,4 +71,8 @@ impl hir::itemlikevisit::ItemLikeVisitor<'tcx> for SymbolNamesTest<'tcx> {
     fn visit_impl_item(&mut self, impl_item: &'tcx hir::ImplItem<'tcx>) {
         self.process_attrs(impl_item.hir_id);
     }
+
+    fn visit_foreign_item(&mut self, foreign_item: &'tcx hir::ForeignItem<'tcx>) {
+        self.process_attrs(foreign_item.hir_id);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_apple_ios_macabi.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_apple_ios_macabi.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3a881975236
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_apple_ios_macabi.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+use super::apple_sdk_base::{opts, Arch};
+use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
+
+pub fn target() -> Target {
+    let base = opts("ios", Arch::Arm64_macabi);
+    Target {
+        llvm_target: "arm64-apple-ios-macabi".to_string(),
+        pointer_width: 64,
+        data_layout: "e-m:o-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128".to_string(),
+        arch: "aarch64".to_string(),
+        options: TargetOptions {
+            features: "+neon,+fp-armv8,+apple-a7".to_string(),
+            eliminate_frame_pointer: false,
+            max_atomic_width: Some(128),
+            unsupported_abis: super::arm_base::unsupported_abis(),
+            forces_embed_bitcode: true,
+            // Taken from a clang build on Xcode 11.4.1.
+            // These arguments are not actually invoked - they just have
+            // to look right to pass App Store validation.
+            bitcode_llvm_cmdline: "-triple\0\
+                arm64-apple-ios-macabi\0\
+                -emit-obj\0\
+                -disable-llvm-passes\0\
+                -target-abi\0\
+                darwinpcs\0\
+                -Os\0"
+                .to_string(),
+            ..base
+        },
+    }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/apple_sdk_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/apple_sdk_base.rs
index 092401f1146..d894f759937 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/apple_sdk_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/apple_sdk_base.rs
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ pub enum Arch {
     I386,
     X86_64,
     X86_64_macabi,
+    Arm64_macabi,
 }
 
 fn target_cpu(arch: Arch) -> String {
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@ fn target_cpu(arch: Arch) -> String {
         I386 => "yonah",
         X86_64 => "core2",
         X86_64_macabi => "core2",
+        Arm64_macabi => "apple-a12",
     }
     .to_string()
 }
@@ -27,7 +29,7 @@ fn target_cpu(arch: Arch) -> String {
 fn link_env_remove(arch: Arch) -> Vec<String> {
     match arch {
         Armv7 | Armv7s | Arm64 | I386 | X86_64 => vec!["MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET".to_string()],
-        X86_64_macabi => vec!["IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET".to_string()],
+        X86_64_macabi | Arm64_macabi => vec!["IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET".to_string()],
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mod.rs
index 1bda33939b8..b4414e53331 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mod.rs
@@ -579,6 +579,7 @@ supported_targets! {
     ("armv7-apple-ios", armv7_apple_ios),
     ("armv7s-apple-ios", armv7s_apple_ios),
     ("x86_64-apple-ios-macabi", x86_64_apple_ios_macabi),
+    ("aarch64-apple-ios-macabi", aarch64_apple_ios_macabi),
     ("aarch64-apple-tvos", aarch64_apple_tvos),
     ("x86_64-apple-tvos", x86_64_apple_tvos),
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/ty.rs b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/ty.rs
index 720ad42da2a..aa1de6d51cb 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/ty.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/ty.rs
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ fn well_formed_types_in_env<'tcx>(
         InherentImpl,
         Fn,
         Other,
-    };
+    }
 
     let node_kind = match node {
         Node::TraitItem(item) => match item.kind {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/astconv/errors.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/astconv/errors.rs
index 685243f54cb..b04acd9660d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/astconv/errors.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/astconv/errors.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 use crate::astconv::AstConv;
-use rustc_ast::util::lev_distance::find_best_match_for_name;
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashMap;
 use rustc_errors::{pluralize, struct_span_err, Applicability};
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc_middle::ty;
 use rustc_session::parse::feature_err;
+use rustc_span::lev_distance::find_best_match_for_name;
 use rustc_span::symbol::{sym, Ident};
 use rustc_span::{Span, DUMMY_SP};
 
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
             .collect();
 
         if let (Some(suggested_name), true) = (
-            find_best_match_for_name(all_candidate_names.iter(), assoc_name.name, None),
+            find_best_match_for_name(&all_candidate_names, assoc_name.name, None),
             assoc_name.span != DUMMY_SP,
         ) {
             err.span_suggestion(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/astconv/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/astconv/mod.rs
index b011e26d64b..2f64597a510 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/astconv/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/astconv/mod.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ use crate::errors::{
 };
 use crate::middle::resolve_lifetime as rl;
 use crate::require_c_abi_if_c_variadic;
-use rustc_ast::util::lev_distance::find_best_match_for_name;
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
 use rustc_errors::{struct_span_err, Applicability, ErrorReported, FatalError};
 use rustc_hir as hir;
@@ -26,6 +25,7 @@ use rustc_middle::ty::subst::{self, InternalSubsts, Subst, SubstsRef};
 use rustc_middle::ty::GenericParamDefKind;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Const, DefIdTree, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeFoldable};
 use rustc_session::lint::builtin::AMBIGUOUS_ASSOCIATED_ITEMS;
+use rustc_span::lev_distance::find_best_match_for_name;
 use rustc_span::symbol::{Ident, Symbol};
 use rustc_span::{Span, DUMMY_SP};
 use rustc_target::spec::abi;
@@ -337,6 +337,14 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
             infer_args,
         );
 
+        // Skip processing if type has no generic parameters.
+        // Traits always have `Self` as a generic parameter, which means they will not return early
+        // here and so associated type bindings will be handled regardless of whether there are any
+        // non-`Self` generic parameters.
+        if generic_params.params.len() == 0 {
+            return (tcx.intern_substs(&[]), vec![], arg_count);
+        }
+
         let is_object = self_ty.map_or(false, |ty| ty == self.tcx().types.trait_object_dummy_self);
 
         struct SubstsForAstPathCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
@@ -1579,7 +1587,11 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
 
                     let adt_def = qself_ty.ty_adt_def().expect("enum is not an ADT");
                     if let Some(suggested_name) = find_best_match_for_name(
-                        adt_def.variants.iter().map(|variant| &variant.ident.name),
+                        &adt_def
+                            .variants
+                            .iter()
+                            .map(|variant| variant.ident.name)
+                            .collect::<Vec<Symbol>>(),
                         assoc_ident.name,
                         None,
                     ) {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/check.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/check.rs
index d5518dfc15a..55c815b21ad 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/check.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/check.rs
@@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ pub(super) fn check_opaque_for_inheriting_lifetimes(
     struct ProhibitOpaqueVisitor<'tcx> {
         opaque_identity_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
         generics: &'tcx ty::Generics,
-    };
+    }
 
     impl<'tcx> ty::fold::TypeVisitor<'tcx> for ProhibitOpaqueVisitor<'tcx> {
         type BreakTy = Option<Ty<'tcx>>;
@@ -746,20 +746,22 @@ pub fn check_item_type<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, it: &'tcx hir::Item<'tcx>) {
             let generics = tcx.generics_of(def_id);
             check_type_params_are_used(tcx, &generics, pty_ty);
         }
-        hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod(ref m) => {
-            check_abi(tcx, it.span, m.abi);
+        hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod { abi, items } => {
+            check_abi(tcx, it.span, abi);
 
-            if m.abi == Abi::RustIntrinsic {
-                for item in m.items {
+            if abi == Abi::RustIntrinsic {
+                for item in items {
+                    let item = tcx.hir().foreign_item(item.id);
                     intrinsic::check_intrinsic_type(tcx, item);
                 }
-            } else if m.abi == Abi::PlatformIntrinsic {
-                for item in m.items {
+            } else if abi == Abi::PlatformIntrinsic {
+                for item in items {
+                    let item = tcx.hir().foreign_item(item.id);
                     intrinsic::check_platform_intrinsic_type(tcx, item);
                 }
             } else {
-                for item in m.items {
-                    let def_id = tcx.hir().local_def_id(item.hir_id);
+                for item in items {
+                    let def_id = tcx.hir().local_def_id(item.id.hir_id);
                     let generics = tcx.generics_of(def_id);
                     let own_counts = generics.own_counts();
                     if generics.params.len() - own_counts.lifetimes != 0 {
@@ -791,9 +793,10 @@ pub fn check_item_type<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, it: &'tcx hir::Item<'tcx>) {
                         .emit();
                     }
 
+                    let item = tcx.hir().foreign_item(item.id);
                     match item.kind {
                         hir::ForeignItemKind::Fn(ref fn_decl, _, _) => {
-                            require_c_abi_if_c_variadic(tcx, fn_decl, m.abi, item.span);
+                            require_c_abi_if_c_variadic(tcx, fn_decl, abi, item.span);
                         }
                         hir::ForeignItemKind::Static(..) => {
                             check_static_inhabited(tcx, def_id, item.span);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/expr.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/expr.rs
index f7f9e607a74..26962d2222d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/expr.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/expr.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ use crate::type_error_struct;
 
 use crate::errors::{AddressOfTemporaryTaken, ReturnStmtOutsideOfFnBody, StructExprNonExhaustive};
 use rustc_ast as ast;
-use rustc_ast::util::lev_distance::find_best_match_for_name;
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashMap;
 use rustc_data_structures::stack::ensure_sufficient_stack;
 use rustc_errors::ErrorReported;
@@ -40,6 +39,7 @@ use rustc_middle::ty::Ty;
 use rustc_middle::ty::TypeFoldable;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{AdtKind, Visibility};
 use rustc_span::hygiene::DesugaringKind;
+use rustc_span::lev_distance::find_best_match_for_name;
 use rustc_span::source_map::Span;
 use rustc_span::symbol::{kw, sym, Ident, Symbol};
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::{self, ObligationCauseCode};
@@ -1441,18 +1441,22 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         field: Symbol,
         skip: Vec<Symbol>,
     ) -> Option<Symbol> {
-        let names = variant.fields.iter().filter_map(|field| {
-            // ignore already set fields and private fields from non-local crates
-            if skip.iter().any(|&x| x == field.ident.name)
-                || (!variant.def_id.is_local() && field.vis != Visibility::Public)
-            {
-                None
-            } else {
-                Some(&field.ident.name)
-            }
-        });
+        let names = variant
+            .fields
+            .iter()
+            .filter_map(|field| {
+                // ignore already set fields and private fields from non-local crates
+                if skip.iter().any(|&x| x == field.ident.name)
+                    || (!variant.def_id.is_local() && field.vis != Visibility::Public)
+                {
+                    None
+                } else {
+                    Some(field.ident.name)
+                }
+            })
+            .collect::<Vec<Symbol>>();
 
-        find_best_match_for_name(names, field, None)
+        find_best_match_for_name(&names, field, None)
     }
 
     fn available_field_names(&self, variant: &'tcx ty::VariantDef) -> Vec<Symbol> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/method/probe.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/method/probe.rs
index 478f8a16169..39a79893b64 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/method/probe.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/method/probe.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ use crate::hir::def::DefKind;
 use crate::hir::def_id::DefId;
 
 use rustc_ast as ast;
-use rustc_ast::util::lev_distance::{find_best_match_for_name, lev_distance};
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashSet;
 use rustc_data_structures::sync::Lrc;
 use rustc_hir as hir;
@@ -27,6 +26,7 @@ use rustc_middle::ty::{
 };
 use rustc_session::lint;
 use rustc_span::def_id::LocalDefId;
+use rustc_span::lev_distance::{find_best_match_for_name, lev_distance};
 use rustc_span::{symbol::Ident, Span, Symbol, DUMMY_SP};
 use rustc_trait_selection::autoderef::{self, Autoderef};
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::query::evaluate_obligation::InferCtxtExt;
@@ -1538,8 +1538,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ProbeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                 Ok(None)
             } else {
                 let best_name = {
-                    let names = applicable_close_candidates.iter().map(|cand| &cand.ident.name);
-                    find_best_match_for_name(names, self.method_name.unwrap().name, None)
+                    let names = applicable_close_candidates
+                        .iter()
+                        .map(|cand| cand.ident.name)
+                        .collect::<Vec<Symbol>>();
+                    find_best_match_for_name(&names, self.method_name.unwrap().name, None)
                 }
                 .unwrap();
                 Ok(applicable_close_candidates
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/method/suggest.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/method/suggest.rs
index 3d5ce57a491..7ed2933c08b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/method/suggest.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/method/suggest.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 //! found or is otherwise invalid.
 
 use crate::check::FnCtxt;
-use rustc_ast::util::lev_distance;
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
 use rustc_errors::{pluralize, struct_span_err, Applicability, DiagnosticBuilder};
 use rustc_hir as hir;
@@ -17,6 +16,7 @@ use rustc_middle::ty::print::with_crate_prefix;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{
     self, ToPolyTraitRef, ToPredicate, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeFoldable, WithConstness,
 };
+use rustc_span::lev_distance;
 use rustc_span::symbol::{kw, sym, Ident};
 use rustc_span::{source_map, FileName, Span};
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::query::evaluate_obligation::InferCtxtExt;
@@ -744,7 +744,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                 if actual.is_enum() {
                     let adt_def = actual.ty_adt_def().expect("enum is not an ADT");
                     if let Some(suggestion) = lev_distance::find_best_match_for_name(
-                        adt_def.variants.iter().map(|s| &s.ident.name),
+                        &adt_def.variants.iter().map(|s| s.ident.name).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
                         item_name.name,
                         None,
                     ) {
@@ -1308,6 +1308,8 @@ fn compute_all_traits(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>) -> Vec<DefId> {
         fn visit_trait_item(&mut self, _trait_item: &hir::TraitItem<'_>) {}
 
         fn visit_impl_item(&mut self, _impl_item: &hir::ImplItem<'_>) {}
+
+        fn visit_foreign_item(&mut self, _foreign_item: &hir::ForeignItem<'_>) {}
     }
 
     tcx.hir().krate().visit_all_item_likes(&mut Visitor { map: &tcx.hir(), traits: &mut traits });
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/mod.rs
index 1479eadf1b0..d27a68ccf1b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/mod.rs
@@ -1134,6 +1134,7 @@ impl ItemLikeVisitor<'tcx> for CheckItemTypesVisitor<'tcx> {
     }
     fn visit_trait_item(&mut self, _: &'tcx hir::TraitItem<'tcx>) {}
     fn visit_impl_item(&mut self, _: &'tcx hir::ImplItem<'tcx>) {}
+    fn visit_foreign_item(&mut self, _: &'tcx hir::ForeignItem<'tcx>) {}
 }
 
 fn typeck_item_bodies(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, crate_num: CrateNum) {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/pat.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/pat.rs
index a729912126e..bcb73e1b4e7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/pat.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/pat.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 use crate::check::FnCtxt;
 use rustc_ast as ast;
 
-use rustc_ast::util::lev_distance::find_best_match_for_name;
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashMap;
 use rustc_errors::{pluralize, struct_span_err, Applicability, DiagnosticBuilder};
 use rustc_hir as hir;
@@ -13,6 +12,7 @@ use rustc_infer::infer::type_variable::{TypeVariableOrigin, TypeVariableOriginKi
 use rustc_middle::ty::subst::GenericArg;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Adt, BindingMode, Ty, TypeFoldable};
 use rustc_span::hygiene::DesugaringKind;
+use rustc_span::lev_distance::find_best_match_for_name;
 use rustc_span::source_map::{Span, Spanned};
 use rustc_span::symbol::Ident;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::{ObligationCause, Pattern};
@@ -1302,8 +1302,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                 ),
             );
             if plural == "" {
-                let input = unmentioned_fields.iter().map(|(_, field)| &field.name);
-                let suggested_name = find_best_match_for_name(input, ident.name, None);
+                let input =
+                    unmentioned_fields.iter().map(|(_, field)| field.name).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+                let suggested_name = find_best_match_for_name(&input, ident.name, None);
                 if let Some(suggested_name) = suggested_name {
                     err.span_suggestion(
                         ident.span,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/wfcheck.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/wfcheck.rs
index aeca801a4ee..c09f8cce5b4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/wfcheck.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/wfcheck.rs
@@ -156,8 +156,9 @@ pub fn check_item_well_formed(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: LocalDefId) {
         hir::ItemKind::Const(ref ty, ..) => {
             check_item_type(tcx, item.hir_id, ty.span, false);
         }
-        hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod(ref module) => {
-            for it in module.items.iter() {
+        hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod { items, .. } => {
+            for it in items.iter() {
+                let it = tcx.hir().foreign_item(it.id);
                 match it.kind {
                     hir::ForeignItemKind::Fn(ref decl, ..) => {
                         check_item_fn(tcx, it.hir_id, it.ident, it.span, decl)
@@ -1345,6 +1346,10 @@ impl ParItemLikeVisitor<'tcx> for CheckTypeWellFormedVisitor<'tcx> {
     fn visit_impl_item(&self, impl_item: &'tcx hir::ImplItem<'tcx>) {
         Visitor::visit_impl_item(&mut self.clone(), impl_item);
     }
+
+    fn visit_foreign_item(&self, foreign_item: &'tcx hir::ForeignItem<'tcx>) {
+        Visitor::visit_foreign_item(&mut self.clone(), foreign_item)
+    }
 }
 
 impl Visitor<'tcx> for CheckTypeWellFormedVisitor<'tcx> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/writeback.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/writeback.rs
index 335f2cc2716..d1ada123c0d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/writeback.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/writeback.rs
@@ -194,7 +194,9 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> WritebackCx<'cx, 'tcx> {
             let mut typeck_results = self.fcx.typeck_results.borrow_mut();
 
             // All valid indexing looks like this; might encounter non-valid indexes at this point.
-            let base_ty = typeck_results.expr_ty_adjusted_opt(&base).map(|t| t.kind());
+            let base_ty = typeck_results
+                .expr_ty_adjusted_opt(&base)
+                .map(|t| self.fcx.resolve_vars_if_possible(t).kind());
             if base_ty.is_none() {
                 // When encountering `return [0][0]` outside of a `fn` body we can encounter a base
                 // that isn't in the type table. We assume more relevant errors have already been
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check_unused.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check_unused.rs
index 4fda8932e21..31121ece898 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check_unused.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check_unused.rs
@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@ impl ItemLikeVisitor<'v> for CheckVisitor<'tcx> {
     fn visit_trait_item(&mut self, _trait_item: &hir::TraitItem<'_>) {}
 
     fn visit_impl_item(&mut self, _impl_item: &hir::ImplItem<'_>) {}
+
+    fn visit_foreign_item(&mut self, _foreign_item: &hir::ForeignItem<'_>) {}
 }
 
 struct CheckVisitor<'tcx> {
@@ -225,4 +227,6 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, 'v> ItemLikeVisitor<'v> for CollectExternCrateVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
     fn visit_trait_item(&mut self, _trait_item: &hir::TraitItem<'_>) {}
 
     fn visit_impl_item(&mut self, _impl_item: &hir::ImplItem<'_>) {}
+
+    fn visit_foreign_item(&mut self, _foreign_item: &hir::ForeignItem<'_>) {}
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/coherence/inherent_impls.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/coherence/inherent_impls.rs
index 373acb95c9e..483ab2f58f2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/coherence/inherent_impls.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/coherence/inherent_impls.rs
@@ -334,6 +334,8 @@ impl ItemLikeVisitor<'v> for InherentCollect<'tcx> {
     fn visit_trait_item(&mut self, _trait_item: &hir::TraitItem<'_>) {}
 
     fn visit_impl_item(&mut self, _impl_item: &hir::ImplItem<'_>) {}
+
+    fn visit_foreign_item(&mut self, _foreign_item: &hir::ForeignItem<'_>) {}
 }
 
 impl InherentCollect<'tcx> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/coherence/inherent_impls_overlap.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/coherence/inherent_impls_overlap.rs
index ce157f809ef..dd90724e93f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/coherence/inherent_impls_overlap.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/coherence/inherent_impls_overlap.rs
@@ -149,4 +149,6 @@ impl ItemLikeVisitor<'v> for InherentOverlapChecker<'tcx> {
     fn visit_trait_item(&mut self, _trait_item: &hir::TraitItem<'v>) {}
 
     fn visit_impl_item(&mut self, _impl_item: &hir::ImplItem<'v>) {}
+
+    fn visit_foreign_item(&mut self, _foreign_item: &hir::ForeignItem<'v>) {}
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/coherence/orphan.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/coherence/orphan.rs
index b2009962aba..253dcf06e01 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/coherence/orphan.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/coherence/orphan.rs
@@ -244,4 +244,6 @@ impl ItemLikeVisitor<'v> for OrphanChecker<'tcx> {
     fn visit_trait_item(&mut self, _trait_item: &hir::TraitItem<'_>) {}
 
     fn visit_impl_item(&mut self, _impl_item: &hir::ImplItem<'_>) {}
+
+    fn visit_foreign_item(&mut self, _foreign_item: &hir::ForeignItem<'_>) {}
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/coherence/unsafety.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/coherence/unsafety.rs
index b281092ea63..2d9128e7dc0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/coherence/unsafety.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/coherence/unsafety.rs
@@ -94,4 +94,6 @@ impl ItemLikeVisitor<'v> for UnsafetyChecker<'tcx> {
     fn visit_trait_item(&mut self, _trait_item: &hir::TraitItem<'_>) {}
 
     fn visit_impl_item(&mut self, _impl_item: &hir::ImplItem<'_>) {}
+
+    fn visit_foreign_item(&mut self, _foreign_item: &hir::ForeignItem<'_>) {}
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/collect.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/collect.rs
index dee0e6c2ebb..0ff10abb60a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/collect.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/collect.rs
@@ -646,8 +646,9 @@ fn convert_item(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, item_id: hir::HirId) {
         | hir::ItemKind::Use(..)
         | hir::ItemKind::Mod(_)
         | hir::ItemKind::GlobalAsm(_) => {}
-        hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod(ref foreign_mod) => {
-            for item in foreign_mod.items {
+        hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod { items, .. } => {
+            for item in items {
+                let item = tcx.hir().foreign_item(item.id);
                 let def_id = tcx.hir().local_def_id(item.hir_id);
                 tcx.ensure().generics_of(def_id);
                 tcx.ensure().type_of(def_id);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/collect/type_of.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/collect/type_of.rs
index c4f4c8bc76b..88ba5788b05 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/collect/type_of.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/collect/type_of.rs
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ pub(super) fn type_of(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> Ty<'_> {
                 ItemKind::Trait(..)
                 | ItemKind::TraitAlias(..)
                 | ItemKind::Mod(..)
-                | ItemKind::ForeignMod(..)
+                | ItemKind::ForeignMod { .. }
                 | ItemKind::GlobalAsm(..)
                 | ItemKind::ExternCrate(..)
                 | ItemKind::Use(..) => {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/impl_wf_check.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/impl_wf_check.rs
index 4901d6041d6..14daa97c2c5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/impl_wf_check.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/impl_wf_check.rs
@@ -93,6 +93,8 @@ impl ItemLikeVisitor<'tcx> for ImplWfCheck<'tcx> {
     fn visit_trait_item(&mut self, _trait_item: &'tcx hir::TraitItem<'tcx>) {}
 
     fn visit_impl_item(&mut self, _impl_item: &'tcx hir::ImplItem<'tcx>) {}
+
+    fn visit_foreign_item(&mut self, _foreign_item: &'tcx hir::ForeignItem<'tcx>) {}
 }
 
 fn enforce_impl_params_are_constrained(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/outlives/implicit_infer.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/outlives/implicit_infer.rs
index e7a9e078a73..3d0635e3fe4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/outlives/implicit_infer.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/outlives/implicit_infer.rs
@@ -109,6 +109,8 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> ItemLikeVisitor<'tcx> for InferVisitor<'cx, 'tcx> {
     fn visit_trait_item(&mut self, _trait_item: &'tcx hir::TraitItem<'tcx>) {}
 
     fn visit_impl_item(&mut self, _impl_item: &'tcx hir::ImplItem<'tcx>) {}
+
+    fn visit_foreign_item(&mut self, _foreign_item: &'tcx hir::ForeignItem<'tcx>) {}
 }
 
 fn insert_required_predicates_to_be_wf<'tcx>(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/outlives/test.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/outlives/test.rs
index abe9319d71c..56d42f756c4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/outlives/test.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/outlives/test.rs
@@ -26,4 +26,5 @@ impl ItemLikeVisitor<'tcx> for OutlivesTest<'tcx> {
 
     fn visit_trait_item(&mut self, _: &'tcx hir::TraitItem<'tcx>) {}
     fn visit_impl_item(&mut self, _: &'tcx hir::ImplItem<'tcx>) {}
+    fn visit_foreign_item(&mut self, _: &'tcx hir::ForeignItem<'tcx>) {}
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/variance/constraints.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/variance/constraints.rs
index b2b062e4095..a8fbdfb7c65 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/variance/constraints.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/variance/constraints.rs
@@ -92,14 +92,6 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, 'v> ItemLikeVisitor<'v> for ConstraintContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                 self.visit_node_helper(item.hir_id);
             }
 
-            hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod(ref foreign_mod) => {
-                for foreign_item in foreign_mod.items {
-                    if let hir::ForeignItemKind::Fn(..) = foreign_item.kind {
-                        self.visit_node_helper(foreign_item.hir_id);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
             _ => {}
         }
     }
@@ -115,6 +107,12 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, 'v> ItemLikeVisitor<'v> for ConstraintContext<'a, 'tcx> {
             self.visit_node_helper(impl_item.hir_id);
         }
     }
+
+    fn visit_foreign_item(&mut self, foreign_item: &hir::ForeignItem<'_>) {
+        if let hir::ForeignItemKind::Fn(..) = foreign_item.kind {
+            self.visit_node_helper(foreign_item.hir_id);
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl<'a, 'tcx> ConstraintContext<'a, 'tcx> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/variance/terms.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/variance/terms.rs
index 81c858c53cb..3b2a1c24ddd 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/variance/terms.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/variance/terms.rs
@@ -153,14 +153,6 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, 'v> ItemLikeVisitor<'v> for TermsContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                 self.add_inferreds_for_item(item.hir_id);
             }
 
-            hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod(ref foreign_mod) => {
-                for foreign_item in foreign_mod.items {
-                    if let hir::ForeignItemKind::Fn(..) = foreign_item.kind {
-                        self.add_inferreds_for_item(foreign_item.hir_id);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
             _ => {}
         }
     }
@@ -176,4 +168,10 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, 'v> ItemLikeVisitor<'v> for TermsContext<'a, 'tcx> {
             self.add_inferreds_for_item(impl_item.hir_id);
         }
     }
+
+    fn visit_foreign_item(&mut self, foreign_item: &hir::ForeignItem<'_>) {
+        if let hir::ForeignItemKind::Fn(..) = foreign_item.kind {
+            self.add_inferreds_for_item(foreign_item.hir_id);
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/variance/test.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/variance/test.rs
index 1aab89310c6..d6e43b6d669 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/variance/test.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/variance/test.rs
@@ -26,4 +26,5 @@ impl ItemLikeVisitor<'tcx> for VarianceTest<'tcx> {
 
     fn visit_trait_item(&mut self, _: &'tcx hir::TraitItem<'tcx>) {}
     fn visit_impl_item(&mut self, _: &'tcx hir::ImplItem<'tcx>) {}
+    fn visit_foreign_item(&mut self, _: &'tcx hir::ForeignItem<'tcx>) {}
 }