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-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_apfloat/src/ieee.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_apfloat/src/lib.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_arena/src/lib.rs20
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast/src/ast.rs64
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast/src/attr/mod.rs40
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast/src/lib.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast/src/tokenstream.rs22
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/item.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/lib.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/feature_gate.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/mod.rs24
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/generic/mod.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/lib.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/.github/workflows/bootstrap_rustc.yml44
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/.github/workflows/main.yml21
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/.github/workflows/rustc.yml82
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/.vscode/settings.json2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/Cargo.lock50
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/Cargo.toml6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/Readme.md76
-rwxr-xr-xcompiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/build.sh7
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/build_sysroot/Cargo.lock16
-rwxr-xr-xcompiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/build_sysroot/build_sysroot.sh2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/docs/env_vars.md5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/docs/usage.md66
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/example/mini_core.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/example/mini_core_hello_world.rs9
-rwxr-xr-xcompiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/prepare.sh1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/rust-toolchain4
-rwxr-xr-xcompiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/scripts/cargo.sh2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/scripts/config.sh14
-rwxr-xr-xcompiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/scripts/rustup.sh2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/scripts/setup_rust_fork.sh68
-rwxr-xr-xcompiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/scripts/test_bootstrap.sh62
-rwxr-xr-xcompiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/scripts/test_rustc_tests.sh87
-rwxr-xr-xcompiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/scripts/tests.sh45
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/abi/comments.rs27
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/abi/mod.rs24
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/abi/pass_mode.rs7
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/abi/returning.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/allocator.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/base.rs63
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/codegen_i128.rs89
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/common.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/compiler_builtins.rs41
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/constant.rs29
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/debuginfo/line_info.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/driver/aot.rs22
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/driver/jit.rs89
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/driver/mod.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/inline_asm.rs14
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/intrinsics/simd.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/lib.rs39
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/linkage.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/main_shim.rs9
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/metadata.rs70
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/num.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/optimize/stack2reg.rs89
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/pointer.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/pretty_clif.rs24
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/trap.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/value_and_place.rs19
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/lto.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/write.rs9
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/builder.rs9
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/metadata.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/mod.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/lib.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm/ffi.rs44
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs10
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/linker.rs20
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/lib.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/mod.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/tagged_ptr/drop.rs9
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/work_queue.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_driver/src/lib.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_driver/src/pretty.rs11
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_errors/src/diagnostic.rs60
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_errors/src/diagnostic_builder.rs36
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_errors/src/emitter.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_errors/src/json.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_errors/src/lib.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_errors/src/registry.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_errors/src/snippet.rs10
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_errors/src/styled_buffer.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_expand/src/build.rs11
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_expand/src/lib.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_expand/src/mbe/macro_check.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_expand/src/tokenstream/tests.rs10
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_feature/src/accepted.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_feature/src/active.rs7
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_feature/src/removed.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_graphviz/src/lib.rs18
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_graphviz/src/tests.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir/src/definitions.rs7
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir.rs31
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir_id.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir/src/intravisit.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir/src/pat_util.rs20
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_pretty/src/lib.rs35
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_incremental/src/assert_dep_graph.rs43
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_incremental/src/lib.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/dirty_clean.rs40
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/fs.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/load.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/mod.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/save.rs105
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_index/src/bit_set.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_index/src/lib.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/canonicalizer.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/query_response.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/substitute.rs9
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/combine.rs40
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/equate.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/mod.rs33
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/need_type_info.rs32
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/find_anon_type.rs19
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/glb.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/higher_ranked/mod.rs13
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/lub.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/mod.rs19
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/nll_relate/mod.rs16
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/env.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/obligations.rs22
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/region_constraints/mod.rs40
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/sub.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/type_variable.rs56
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/undo_log.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/lib.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/mod.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_interface/src/passes.rs12
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_interface/src/queries.rs11
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_interface/src/tests.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_lint/src/builtin.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_lint/src/context.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_lint/src/levels.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_lint/src/lib.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_lint/src/types.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_lint_defs/src/builtin.rs67
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_macros/src/symbols/tests.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/encoder.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/dep_graph/mod.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/hir/map/mod.rs33
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/ich/hcx.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/ich/impls_ty.rs9
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/infer/canonical.rs19
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/infer/unify_key.rs7
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/lib.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/region.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/resolve_lifetime.rs11
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/stability.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/coverage.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/value.rs10
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/mod.rs24
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/mono.rs9
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/query.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/terminator.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/traversal.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/visit.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/traits/mod.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/traits/query.rs12
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/_match.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/closure.rs17
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/codec.rs55
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context.rs74
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/erase_regions.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/error.rs52
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/flags.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/fold.rs286
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/instance.rs7
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/layout.rs58
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/mod.rs93
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/normalize_erasing_regions.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/print/mod.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/print/pretty.rs58
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/query/on_disk_cache.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/relate.rs60
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/structural_impls.rs16
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/sty.rs222
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/subst.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/trait_def.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/util.rs14
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/diagnostics/mod.rs16
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/diagnostics/outlives_suggestion.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/diagnostics/region_name.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/invalidation.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/mod.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/places_conflict.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/type_check/input_output.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/type_check/mod.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/universal_regions.rs48
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir/src/dataflow/framework/cursor.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir/src/dataflow/framework/lattice.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir/src/dataflow/impls/borrows.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir/src/dataflow/move_paths/builder.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir/src/interpret/eval_context.rs7
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir/src/interpret/intrinsics/type_name.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir/src/interpret/operand.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir/src/lib.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir/src/monomorphize/mod.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir/src/monomorphize/partitioning/mod.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/check_consts/validation.rs9
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/check_packed_ref.rs89
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/check_unsafety.rs130
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/coverage/debug.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/deduplicate_blocks.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/match_branches.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/mod.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir/src/util/alignment.rs35
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir/src/util/generic_graphviz.rs16
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir/src/util/patch.rs10
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/expr/as_place.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/expr/into.rs52
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/mod.rs9
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/lib.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/attr_wrapper.rs45
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/mod.rs25
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_parse_format/src/lib.rs10
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_passes/src/check_attr.rs22
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_passes/src/entry.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_passes/src/lib.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_passes/src/liveness.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_passes/src/liveness/rwu_table.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_passes/src/stability.rs7
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_query_impl/src/lib.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_query_impl/src/plumbing.rs30
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_query_system/src/cache.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/debug.rs15
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/graph.rs959
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/mod.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/prev.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/query.rs47
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/serialized.rs318
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_query_system/src/lib.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_query_system/src/query/job.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_query_system/src/query/plumbing.rs26
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_resolve/src/diagnostics.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/diagnostics.rs16
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/lifetimes.rs768
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_resolve/src/lib.rs195
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_resolve/src/macros.rs27
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_save_analysis/src/dump_visitor.rs15
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_save_analysis/src/lib.rs18
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_session/src/config.rs30
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_session/src/options.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_session/src/parse.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_session/src/session.rs50
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_span/src/def_id.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_span/src/hygiene.rs28
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_span/src/lib.rs7
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/legacy.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/v0.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/android_base.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_linux_androideabi.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/avr_gnu_base.rs19
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/dragonfly_base.rs17
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/freebsd_base.rs17
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_pc_windows_gnu.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_pc_windows_msvc.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_freebsd.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_linux_gnu.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_linux_musl.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_netbsd.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_openbsd.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_uwp_windows_gnu.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_wrs_vxworks.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/linux_base.rs20
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/linux_kernel_base.rs11
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/msvc_base.rs7
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/netbsd_base.rs15
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/openbsd_base.rs17
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64_unknown_freebsd.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64_unknown_linux_gnu.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64_unknown_linux_musl.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64_wrs_vxworks.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64le_unknown_linux_gnu.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64le_unknown_linux_musl.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_linux_gnu.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_linux_gnuspe.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_linux_musl.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_netbsd.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_wrs_vxworks.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_wrs_vxworks_spe.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/redox_base.rs20
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/sparc64_unknown_netbsd.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/sparc64_unknown_openbsd.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/sparc_unknown_linux_gnu.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv7a_pc_windows_msvc.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv7neon_linux_androideabi.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/uefi_msvc_base.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/vxworks_base.rs18
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/wasm32_unknown_emscripten.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/wasm32_unknown_unknown.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/windows_gnu_base.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/windows_uwp_msvc_base.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_fortanix_unknown_sgx.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_linux_android.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_pc_windows_gnu.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_dragonfly.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_freebsd.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_linux_gnux32.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_linux_musl.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_netbsd.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_none_linuxkernel.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_openbsd.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_redox.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_uwp_windows_gnu.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_wrs_vxworks.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/lib.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/opaque_types.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/auto_trait.rs9
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/coherence.rs33
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/const_evaluatable.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/on_unimplemented.rs110
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/suggestions.rs31
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/fulfill.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/object_safety.rs16
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/project.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/implied_outlives_bounds.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/confirmation.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/mod.rs15
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/util.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/wf.rs10
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_traits/src/chalk/db.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_traits/src/chalk/lowering.rs50
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/instance.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/astconv/errors.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/astconv/generics.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/astconv/mod.rs218
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/bounds.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/callee.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/check.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/closure.rs60
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/coercion.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/compare_method.rs19
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/dropck.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/expr.rs73
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/fn_ctxt/_impl.rs11
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/fn_ctxt/checks.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/fn_ctxt/suggestions.rs10
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/generator_interior.rs13
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/intrinsic.rs21
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/method/confirm.rs12
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/method/mod.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/method/probe.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/method/suggest.rs87
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/mod.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/pat.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/upvar.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/wfcheck.rs12
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/collect.rs70
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/expr_use_visitor.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_typeck/src/lib.rs5
360 files changed, 4239 insertions, 4157 deletions
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_apfloat/src/ieee.rs b/compiler/rustc_apfloat/src/ieee.rs
index 71bcb8f090d..96277950cfe 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_apfloat/src/ieee.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_apfloat/src/ieee.rs
@@ -2273,6 +2273,7 @@ impl Loss {
 mod sig {
     use super::{limbs_for_bits, ExpInt, Limb, Loss, LIMB_BITS};
     use core::cmp::Ordering;
+    use core::iter;
     use core::mem;
 
     pub(super) fn is_all_zeros(limbs: &[Limb]) -> bool {
@@ -2483,7 +2484,7 @@ mod sig {
     pub(super) fn add(a: &mut [Limb], b: &[Limb], mut c: Limb) -> Limb {
         assert!(c <= 1);
 
-        for (a, &b) in a.iter_mut().zip(b) {
+        for (a, &b) in iter::zip(a, b) {
             let (r, overflow) = a.overflowing_add(b);
             let (r, overflow2) = r.overflowing_add(c);
             *a = r;
@@ -2497,7 +2498,7 @@ mod sig {
     pub(super) fn sub(a: &mut [Limb], b: &[Limb], mut c: Limb) -> Limb {
         assert!(c <= 1);
 
-        for (a, &b) in a.iter_mut().zip(b) {
+        for (a, &b) in iter::zip(a, b) {
             let (r, overflow) = a.overflowing_sub(b);
             let (r, overflow2) = r.overflowing_sub(c);
             *a = r;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_apfloat/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_apfloat/src/lib.rs
index c1aa74029f5..c648147d108 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_apfloat/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_apfloat/src/lib.rs
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 #![doc(html_root_url = "https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/nightly-rustc/")]
 #![no_std]
 #![forbid(unsafe_code)]
+#![feature(iter_zip)]
 #![feature(nll)]
 #![cfg_attr(bootstrap, feature(or_patterns))]
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_arena/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_arena/src/lib.rs
index c3198fb1043..c3e4945c446 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_arena/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_arena/src/lib.rs
@@ -236,26 +236,6 @@ impl<T> TypedArena<T> {
         start_ptr
     }
 
-    /// Allocates a slice of objects that are copied into the `TypedArena`, returning a mutable
-    /// reference to it. Will panic if passed a zero-sized types.
-    ///
-    /// Panics:
-    ///
-    ///  - Zero-sized types
-    ///  - Zero-length slices
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn alloc_slice(&self, slice: &[T]) -> &mut [T]
-    where
-        T: Copy,
-    {
-        unsafe {
-            let len = slice.len();
-            let start_ptr = self.alloc_raw_slice(len);
-            slice.as_ptr().copy_to_nonoverlapping(start_ptr, len);
-            slice::from_raw_parts_mut(start_ptr, len)
-        }
-    }
-
     #[inline]
     pub fn alloc_from_iter<I: IntoIterator<Item = T>>(&self, iter: I) -> &mut [T] {
         assert!(mem::size_of::<T>() != 0);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/ast.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/ast.rs
index 7e82d7ff77d..2cffddfcd0b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/ast.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/ast.rs
@@ -762,14 +762,6 @@ pub enum Mutability {
 }
 
 impl Mutability {
-    /// Returns `MutMutable` only if both `self` and `other` are mutable.
-    pub fn and(self, other: Self) -> Self {
-        match self {
-            Mutability::Mut => other,
-            Mutability::Not => Mutability::Not,
-        }
-    }
-
     pub fn invert(self) -> Self {
         match self {
             Mutability::Mut => Mutability::Not,
@@ -1722,13 +1714,6 @@ impl FloatTy {
             FloatTy::F64 => sym::f64,
         }
     }
-
-    pub fn bit_width(self) -> u64 {
-        match self {
-            FloatTy::F32 => 32,
-            FloatTy::F64 => 64,
-        }
-    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Debug)]
@@ -1764,29 +1749,6 @@ impl IntTy {
             IntTy::I128 => sym::i128,
         }
     }
-
-    pub fn bit_width(&self) -> Option<u64> {
-        Some(match *self {
-            IntTy::Isize => return None,
-            IntTy::I8 => 8,
-            IntTy::I16 => 16,
-            IntTy::I32 => 32,
-            IntTy::I64 => 64,
-            IntTy::I128 => 128,
-        })
-    }
-
-    pub fn normalize(&self, target_width: u32) -> Self {
-        match self {
-            IntTy::Isize => match target_width {
-                16 => IntTy::I16,
-                32 => IntTy::I32,
-                64 => IntTy::I64,
-                _ => unreachable!(),
-            },
-            _ => *self,
-        }
-    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Copy, Debug)]
@@ -1822,29 +1784,6 @@ impl UintTy {
             UintTy::U128 => sym::u128,
         }
     }
-
-    pub fn bit_width(&self) -> Option<u64> {
-        Some(match *self {
-            UintTy::Usize => return None,
-            UintTy::U8 => 8,
-            UintTy::U16 => 16,
-            UintTy::U32 => 32,
-            UintTy::U64 => 64,
-            UintTy::U128 => 128,
-        })
-    }
-
-    pub fn normalize(&self, target_width: u32) -> Self {
-        match self {
-            UintTy::Usize => match target_width {
-                16 => UintTy::U16,
-                32 => UintTy::U32,
-                64 => UintTy::U64,
-                _ => unreachable!(),
-            },
-            _ => *self,
-        }
-    }
 }
 
 /// A constraint on an associated type (e.g., `A = Bar` in `Foo<A = Bar>` or
@@ -2215,9 +2154,6 @@ pub struct FnDecl {
 }
 
 impl FnDecl {
-    pub fn get_self(&self) -> Option<ExplicitSelf> {
-        self.inputs.get(0).and_then(Param::to_self)
-    }
     pub fn has_self(&self) -> bool {
         self.inputs.get(0).map_or(false, Param::is_self)
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/attr/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/attr/mod.rs
index 2c5e180f80d..0fbe4d0120c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/attr/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/attr/mod.rs
@@ -100,16 +100,7 @@ impl NestedMetaItem {
         self.meta_item().map_or(false, |meta_item| meta_item.is_word())
     }
 
-    /// Returns `true` if `self` is a `MetaItem` and the meta item is a `ValueString`.
-    pub fn is_value_str(&self) -> bool {
-        self.value_str().is_some()
-    }
-
-    /// Returns `true` if `self` is a `MetaItem` and the meta item is a list.
-    pub fn is_meta_item_list(&self) -> bool {
-        self.meta_item_list().is_some()
-    }
-
+    /// See [`MetaItem::name_value_literal_span`].
     pub fn name_value_literal_span(&self) -> Option<Span> {
         self.meta_item()?.name_value_literal_span()
     }
@@ -165,31 +156,6 @@ impl Attribute {
             false
         }
     }
-
-    pub fn is_meta_item_list(&self) -> bool {
-        self.meta_item_list().is_some()
-    }
-
-    /// Indicates if the attribute is a `ValueString`.
-    pub fn is_value_str(&self) -> bool {
-        self.value_str().is_some()
-    }
-
-    /// This is used in case you want the value span instead of the whole attribute. Example:
-    ///
-    /// ```text
-    /// #[doc(alias = "foo")]
-    /// ```
-    ///
-    /// In here, it'll return a span for `"foo"`.
-    pub fn name_value_literal_span(&self) -> Option<Span> {
-        match self.kind {
-            AttrKind::Normal(ref item, _) => {
-                item.meta(self.span).and_then(|meta| meta.name_value_literal_span())
-            }
-            AttrKind::DocComment(..) => None,
-        }
-    }
 }
 
 impl MetaItem {
@@ -236,10 +202,6 @@ impl MetaItem {
         self.path == name
     }
 
-    pub fn is_value_str(&self) -> bool {
-        self.value_str().is_some()
-    }
-
     /// This is used in case you want the value span instead of the whole attribute. Example:
     ///
     /// ```text
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/lib.rs
index a823d375fcf..032a4e6c782 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/lib.rs
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #![feature(const_fn_transmute)]
 #![feature(const_panic)]
 #![feature(crate_visibility_modifier)]
+#![feature(iter_zip)]
 #![feature(label_break_value)]
 #![feature(nll)]
 #![cfg_attr(bootstrap, feature(or_patterns))]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/tokenstream.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/tokenstream.rs
index c5c3142602b..06d49c7524a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/tokenstream.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/tokenstream.rs
@@ -89,10 +89,6 @@ impl TokenTree {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn joint(self) -> TokenStream {
-        TokenStream::new(vec![(self, Spacing::Joint)])
-    }
-
     pub fn token(kind: TokenKind, span: Span) -> TokenTree {
         TokenTree::Token(Token::new(kind, span))
     }
@@ -278,14 +274,6 @@ impl TokenStream {
         self.0.len()
     }
 
-    pub fn span(&self) -> Option<Span> {
-        match &**self.0 {
-            [] => None,
-            [(tt, _)] => Some(tt.span()),
-            [(tt_start, _), .., (tt_end, _)] => Some(tt_start.span().to(tt_end.span())),
-        }
-    }
-
     pub fn from_streams(mut streams: SmallVec<[TokenStream; 2]>) -> TokenStream {
         match streams.len() {
             0 => TokenStream::default(),
@@ -325,10 +313,6 @@ impl TokenStream {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn trees_ref(&self) -> CursorRef<'_> {
-        CursorRef::new(self)
-    }
-
     pub fn trees(&self) -> Cursor {
         self.clone().into_trees()
     }
@@ -341,7 +325,7 @@ impl TokenStream {
     pub fn eq_unspanned(&self, other: &TokenStream) -> bool {
         let mut t1 = self.trees();
         let mut t2 = other.trees();
-        for (t1, t2) in t1.by_ref().zip(t2.by_ref()) {
+        for (t1, t2) in iter::zip(&mut t1, &mut t2) {
             if !t1.eq_unspanned(&t2) {
                 return false;
             }
@@ -427,10 +411,6 @@ pub struct CursorRef<'t> {
 }
 
 impl<'t> CursorRef<'t> {
-    fn new(stream: &TokenStream) -> CursorRef<'_> {
-        CursorRef { stream, index: 0 }
-    }
-
     fn next_with_spacing(&mut self) -> Option<&'t TreeAndSpacing> {
         self.stream.0.get(self.index).map(|tree| {
             self.index += 1;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/item.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/item.rs
index edd0c5fb964..ea01632d75d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/item.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/item.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use rustc_target::spec::abi;
 use smallvec::{smallvec, SmallVec};
 use tracing::debug;
 
+use std::iter;
 use std::mem;
 
 pub(super) struct ItemLowerer<'a, 'lowering, 'hir> {
@@ -206,7 +207,7 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
             UseTreeKind::Glob => {}
             UseTreeKind::Simple(_, id1, id2) => {
                 for (_, &id) in
-                    self.expect_full_res_from_use(base_id).skip(1).zip([id1, id2].iter())
+                    iter::zip(self.expect_full_res_from_use(base_id).skip(1), &[id1, id2])
                 {
                     vec.push(id);
                 }
@@ -537,7 +538,7 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                 // won't be dealing with macros in the rest of the compiler.
                 // Essentially a single `use` which imports two names is desugared into
                 // two imports.
-                for (res, &new_node_id) in resolutions.zip([id1, id2].iter()) {
+                for (res, &new_node_id) in iter::zip(resolutions, &[id1, id2]) {
                     let ident = *ident;
                     let mut path = path.clone();
                     for seg in &mut path.segments {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/lib.rs
index 046e7fc70fc..4e375e00682 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/lib.rs
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 #![feature(crate_visibility_modifier)]
 #![cfg_attr(bootstrap, feature(or_patterns))]
 #![feature(box_patterns)]
+#![feature(iter_zip)]
 #![recursion_limit = "256"]
 
 use rustc_ast::node_id::NodeMap;
@@ -568,7 +569,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
         }
 
         hir::Crate {
-            item: hir::CrateItem { module, span: c.span },
+            item: module,
             exported_macros: self.arena.alloc_from_iter(self.exported_macros),
             non_exported_macro_attrs: self.arena.alloc_from_iter(self.non_exported_macro_attrs),
             items: self.items,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/feature_gate.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/feature_gate.rs
index 2f73e44faf6..3724438cc6e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/feature_gate.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/feature_gate.rs
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ impl<'a> Visitor<'a> for PostExpansionVisitor<'a> {
                     include => external_doc
                     cfg => doc_cfg
                     masked => doc_masked
-                    spotlight => doc_spotlight
+                    notable_trait => doc_notable_trait
                     keyword => doc_keyword
                 );
             }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/mod.rs
index b88699f6ee1..976725b308e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/mod.rs
@@ -22,10 +22,6 @@ pub fn token_to_string(token: &Token) -> String {
     State::new().token_to_string(token)
 }
 
-pub fn token_to_string_ext(token: &Token, convert_dollar_crate: bool) -> String {
-    State::new().token_to_string_ext(token, convert_dollar_crate)
-}
-
 pub fn ty_to_string(ty: &ast::Ty) -> String {
     State::new().ty_to_string(ty)
 }
@@ -50,18 +46,10 @@ pub fn tts_to_string(tokens: &TokenStream) -> String {
     State::new().tts_to_string(tokens)
 }
 
-pub fn stmt_to_string(stmt: &ast::Stmt) -> String {
-    State::new().stmt_to_string(stmt)
-}
-
 pub fn item_to_string(i: &ast::Item) -> String {
     State::new().item_to_string(i)
 }
 
-pub fn generic_params_to_string(generic_params: &[ast::GenericParam]) -> String {
-    State::new().generic_params_to_string(generic_params)
-}
-
 pub fn path_to_string(p: &ast::Path) -> String {
     State::new().path_to_string(p)
 }
@@ -74,26 +62,14 @@ pub fn vis_to_string(v: &ast::Visibility) -> String {
     State::new().vis_to_string(v)
 }
 
-pub fn block_to_string(blk: &ast::Block) -> String {
-    State::new().block_to_string(blk)
-}
-
 pub fn meta_list_item_to_string(li: &ast::NestedMetaItem) -> String {
     State::new().meta_list_item_to_string(li)
 }
 
-pub fn attr_item_to_string(ai: &ast::AttrItem) -> String {
-    State::new().attr_item_to_string(ai)
-}
-
 pub fn attribute_to_string(attr: &ast::Attribute) -> String {
     State::new().attribute_to_string(attr)
 }
 
-pub fn param_to_string(arg: &ast::Param) -> String {
-    State::new().param_to_string(arg)
-}
-
 pub fn to_string(f: impl FnOnce(&mut State<'_>)) -> String {
     State::new().to_string(f)
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state.rs
index 84f8ce5706a..627c0584b61 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state.rs
@@ -2292,10 +2292,6 @@ impl<'a> State<'a> {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn print_usize(&mut self, i: usize) {
-        self.s.word(i.to_string())
-    }
-
     crate fn print_name(&mut self, name: Symbol) {
         self.s.word(name.to_string());
         self.ann.post(self, AnnNode::Name(&name))
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/generic/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/generic/mod.rs
index da85cc73ffd..04753926c3e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/generic/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/generic/mod.rs
@@ -1034,7 +1034,7 @@ impl<'a> MethodDef<'a> {
         // make a series of nested matches, to destructure the
         // structs. This is actually right-to-left, but it shouldn't
         // matter.
-        for (arg_expr, pat) in self_args.iter().zip(patterns) {
+        for (arg_expr, pat) in iter::zip(self_args, patterns) {
             body = cx.expr_match(
                 trait_.span,
                 arg_expr.clone(),
@@ -1351,7 +1351,7 @@ impl<'a> MethodDef<'a> {
             let mut discriminant_test = cx.expr_bool(sp, true);
 
             let mut first_ident = None;
-            for (&ident, self_arg) in vi_idents.iter().zip(&self_args) {
+            for (&ident, self_arg) in iter::zip(&vi_idents, &self_args) {
                 let self_addr = cx.expr_addr_of(sp, self_arg.clone());
                 let variant_value =
                     deriving::call_intrinsic(cx, sp, sym::discriminant_value, vec![self_addr]);
@@ -1571,9 +1571,7 @@ impl<'a> TraitDef<'a> {
         let subpats = self.create_subpatterns(cx, paths, mutbl, use_temporaries);
         let pattern = match *struct_def {
             VariantData::Struct(..) => {
-                let field_pats = subpats
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .zip(&ident_exprs)
+                let field_pats = iter::zip(subpats, &ident_exprs)
                     .map(|(pat, &(sp, ident, ..))| {
                         if ident.is_none() {
                             cx.span_bug(sp, "a braced struct with unnamed fields in `derive`");
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/lib.rs
index fe4bede6a48..d7926ed0e0b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/lib.rs
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #![feature(bool_to_option)]
 #![feature(crate_visibility_modifier)]
 #![feature(decl_macro)]
+#![feature(iter_zip)]
 #![feature(nll)]
 #![cfg_attr(bootstrap, feature(or_patterns))]
 #![feature(proc_macro_internals)]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/.github/workflows/bootstrap_rustc.yml b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/.github/workflows/bootstrap_rustc.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index 8c94a0aa5e6..00000000000
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/.github/workflows/bootstrap_rustc.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-name: Bootstrap rustc using cg_clif
-
-on:
-  - push
-
-jobs:
-  bootstrap_rustc:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-
-    - name: Cache cargo installed crates
-      uses: actions/cache@v2
-      with:
-        path: ~/.cargo/bin
-        key: ${{ runner.os }}-cargo-installed-crates
-
-    - name: Cache cargo registry and index
-      uses: actions/cache@v2
-      with:
-        path: |
-            ~/.cargo/registry
-            ~/.cargo/git
-        key: ${{ runner.os }}-cargo-registry-and-index-${{ hashFiles('**/Cargo.lock') }}
-
-    - name: Cache cargo target dir
-      uses: actions/cache@v2
-      with:
-        path: target
-        key: ${{ runner.os }}-cargo-build-target-${{ hashFiles('rust-toolchain', '**/Cargo.lock') }}
-
-    - name: Prepare dependencies
-      run: |
-        git config --global user.email "user@example.com"
-        git config --global user.name "User"
-        ./prepare.sh
-
-    - name: Test
-      run: |
-        # Enable backtraces for easier debugging
-        export RUST_BACKTRACE=1
-
-        ./scripts/test_bootstrap.sh
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/.github/workflows/main.yml b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/.github/workflows/main.yml
index e6d3375fb1b..2ac516381cf 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/.github/workflows/main.yml
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/.github/workflows/main.yml
@@ -7,11 +7,18 @@ on:
 jobs:
   build:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    timeout-minutes: 60
 
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest]
+        include:
+          - os: ubuntu-latest
+          - os: macos-latest
+          # cross-compile from Linux to Windows using mingw
+          - os: ubuntu-latest
+            env:
+              TARGET_TRIPLE: x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
 
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v2
@@ -36,6 +43,12 @@ jobs:
         path: target
         key: ${{ runner.os }}-cargo-build-target-${{ hashFiles('rust-toolchain', '**/Cargo.lock') }}
 
+    - name: Install MinGW toolchain and wine
+      if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest' && matrix.env.TARGET_TRIPLE == 'x86_64-pc-windows-gnu'
+      run: |
+        sudo apt-get install -y gcc-mingw-w64-x86-64 wine-stable
+        rustup target add x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
+
     - name: Prepare dependencies
       run: |
         git config --global user.email "user@example.com"
@@ -43,6 +56,8 @@ jobs:
         ./prepare.sh
 
     - name: Test
+      env:
+        TARGET_TRIPLE: ${{ matrix.env.TARGET_TRIPLE }}
       run: |
         # Enable backtraces for easier debugging
         export RUST_BACKTRACE=1
@@ -51,12 +66,16 @@ jobs:
         export COMPILE_RUNS=2
         export RUN_RUNS=2
 
+        # Enable extra checks
+        export CG_CLIF_ENABLE_VERIFIER=1
+
         ./test.sh
 
     - name: Package prebuilt cg_clif
       run: tar cvfJ cg_clif.tar.xz build
 
     - name: Upload prebuilt cg_clif
+      if: matrix.env.TARGET_TRIPLE != 'x86_64-pc-windows-gnu'
       uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
       with:
         name: cg_clif-${{ runner.os }}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/.github/workflows/rustc.yml b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/.github/workflows/rustc.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e01a92598ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/.github/workflows/rustc.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+name: Various rustc tests
+
+on:
+  - push
+
+jobs:
+  bootstrap_rustc:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+    - name: Cache cargo installed crates
+      uses: actions/cache@v2
+      with:
+        path: ~/.cargo/bin
+        key: ${{ runner.os }}-cargo-installed-crates
+
+    - name: Cache cargo registry and index
+      uses: actions/cache@v2
+      with:
+        path: |
+            ~/.cargo/registry
+            ~/.cargo/git
+        key: ${{ runner.os }}-cargo-registry-and-index-${{ hashFiles('**/Cargo.lock') }}
+
+    - name: Cache cargo target dir
+      uses: actions/cache@v2
+      with:
+        path: target
+        key: ${{ runner.os }}-cargo-build-target-${{ hashFiles('rust-toolchain', '**/Cargo.lock') }}
+
+    - name: Prepare dependencies
+      run: |
+        git config --global user.email "user@example.com"
+        git config --global user.name "User"
+        ./prepare.sh
+
+    - name: Test
+      run: |
+        # Enable backtraces for easier debugging
+        export RUST_BACKTRACE=1
+
+        ./scripts/test_bootstrap.sh
+  rustc_test_suite:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+    - name: Cache cargo installed crates
+      uses: actions/cache@v2
+      with:
+        path: ~/.cargo/bin
+        key: ${{ runner.os }}-cargo-installed-crates
+
+    - name: Cache cargo registry and index
+      uses: actions/cache@v2
+      with:
+        path: |
+            ~/.cargo/registry
+            ~/.cargo/git
+        key: ${{ runner.os }}-cargo-registry-and-index-${{ hashFiles('**/Cargo.lock') }}
+
+    - name: Cache cargo target dir
+      uses: actions/cache@v2
+      with:
+        path: target
+        key: ${{ runner.os }}-cargo-build-target-${{ hashFiles('rust-toolchain', '**/Cargo.lock') }}
+
+    - name: Prepare dependencies
+      run: |
+        git config --global user.email "user@example.com"
+        git config --global user.name "User"
+        ./prepare.sh
+
+    - name: Test
+      run: |
+        # Enable backtraces for easier debugging
+        export RUST_BACKTRACE=1
+
+        ./scripts/test_rustc_tests.sh
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/.vscode/settings.json b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/.vscode/settings.json
index a13d5931ffa..0cd576e160f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/.vscode/settings.json
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/.vscode/settings.json
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
     // source for rustc_* is not included in the rust-src component; disable the errors about this
     "rust-analyzer.diagnostics.disabled": ["unresolved-extern-crate", "macro-error"],
     "rust-analyzer.assist.importMergeBehavior": "last",
-    "rust-analyzer.cargo.loadOutDirsFromCheck": true,
+    "rust-analyzer.cargo.runBuildScripts": true,
     "rust-analyzer.linkedProjects": [
         "./Cargo.toml",
         //"./build_sysroot/sysroot_src/src/libstd/Cargo.toml",
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/Cargo.lock b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/Cargo.lock
index 76d9f0d27ce..3cb67032aaa 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/Cargo.lock
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/Cargo.lock
@@ -39,16 +39,16 @@ checksum = "baf1de4339761588bc0619e3cbc0120ee582ebb74b53b4efbf79117bd2da40fd"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cranelift-bforest"
-version = "0.70.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/?branch=main#cdb60ec5a9df087262ae8960a31067e88cd80058"
+version = "0.72.0"
+source = "git+https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/?branch=main#8e43e96410a14143d368273cf1e708f8094bb8e0"
 dependencies = [
  "cranelift-entity",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cranelift-codegen"
-version = "0.70.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/?branch=main#cdb60ec5a9df087262ae8960a31067e88cd80058"
+version = "0.72.0"
+source = "git+https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/?branch=main#8e43e96410a14143d368273cf1e708f8094bb8e0"
 dependencies = [
  "byteorder",
  "cranelift-bforest",
@@ -65,8 +65,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cranelift-codegen-meta"
-version = "0.70.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/?branch=main#cdb60ec5a9df087262ae8960a31067e88cd80058"
+version = "0.72.0"
+source = "git+https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/?branch=main#8e43e96410a14143d368273cf1e708f8094bb8e0"
 dependencies = [
  "cranelift-codegen-shared",
  "cranelift-entity",
@@ -74,18 +74,18 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cranelift-codegen-shared"
-version = "0.70.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/?branch=main#cdb60ec5a9df087262ae8960a31067e88cd80058"
+version = "0.72.0"
+source = "git+https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/?branch=main#8e43e96410a14143d368273cf1e708f8094bb8e0"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cranelift-entity"
-version = "0.70.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/?branch=main#cdb60ec5a9df087262ae8960a31067e88cd80058"
+version = "0.72.0"
+source = "git+https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/?branch=main#8e43e96410a14143d368273cf1e708f8094bb8e0"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cranelift-frontend"
-version = "0.70.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/?branch=main#cdb60ec5a9df087262ae8960a31067e88cd80058"
+version = "0.72.0"
+source = "git+https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/?branch=main#8e43e96410a14143d368273cf1e708f8094bb8e0"
 dependencies = [
  "cranelift-codegen",
  "log",
@@ -95,8 +95,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cranelift-jit"
-version = "0.70.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/?branch=main#cdb60ec5a9df087262ae8960a31067e88cd80058"
+version = "0.72.0"
+source = "git+https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/?branch=main#8e43e96410a14143d368273cf1e708f8094bb8e0"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "cranelift-codegen",
@@ -113,8 +113,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cranelift-module"
-version = "0.70.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/?branch=main#cdb60ec5a9df087262ae8960a31067e88cd80058"
+version = "0.72.0"
+source = "git+https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/?branch=main#8e43e96410a14143d368273cf1e708f8094bb8e0"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "cranelift-codegen",
@@ -125,8 +125,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cranelift-native"
-version = "0.70.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/?branch=main#cdb60ec5a9df087262ae8960a31067e88cd80058"
+version = "0.72.0"
+source = "git+https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/?branch=main#8e43e96410a14143d368273cf1e708f8094bb8e0"
 dependencies = [
  "cranelift-codegen",
  "target-lexicon",
@@ -134,8 +134,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cranelift-object"
-version = "0.70.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/?branch=main#cdb60ec5a9df087262ae8960a31067e88cd80058"
+version = "0.72.0"
+source = "git+https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/?branch=main#8e43e96410a14143d368273cf1e708f8094bb8e0"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "cranelift-codegen",
@@ -241,6 +241,15 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
 [[package]]
+name = "memmap2"
+version = "0.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "04e3e85b970d650e2ae6d70592474087051c11c54da7f7b4949725c5735fbcc6"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+]
+
+[[package]]
 name = "object"
 version = "0.23.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
@@ -310,6 +319,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "gimli",
  "indexmap",
  "libloading",
+ "memmap2",
  "object",
  "smallvec",
  "target-lexicon",
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/Cargo.toml b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/Cargo.toml
index 9861af1f8ea..59542c414fa 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/Cargo.toml
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/Cargo.toml
@@ -16,12 +16,13 @@ cranelift-jit = { git = "https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/", branch
 cranelift-object = { git = "https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/", branch = "main" }
 target-lexicon = "0.11.0"
 gimli = { version = "0.23.0", default-features = false, features = ["write"]}
-object = { version = "0.23.0", default-features = false, features = ["std", "read_core", "write", "coff", "elf", "macho", "pe"] }
+object = { version = "0.23.0", default-features = false, features = ["std", "read_core", "write", "archive", "coff", "elf", "macho", "pe"] }
 
 ar = { git = "https://github.com/bjorn3/rust-ar.git", branch = "do_not_remove_cg_clif_ranlib" }
 indexmap = "1.0.2"
 libloading = { version = "0.6.0", optional = true }
 smallvec = "1.6.1"
+memmap2 = "0.2.1"
 
 # Uncomment to use local checkout of cranelift
 #[patch."https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/"]
@@ -75,3 +76,6 @@ debug = false
 [profile.release.package.syn]
 opt-level = 0
 debug = false
+
+[package.metadata.rust-analyzer]
+rustc_private = true
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/Readme.md b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/Readme.md
index 6fa5eebdc2f..ffe1d9a1e65 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/Readme.md
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/Readme.md
@@ -34,70 +34,19 @@ rustc_codegen_cranelift can be used as a near-drop-in replacement for `cargo bui
 
 Assuming `$cg_clif_dir` is the directory you cloned this repo into and you followed the instructions (`prepare.sh` and `build.sh` or `test.sh`).
 
-### Cargo
-
 In the directory with your project (where you can do the usual `cargo build`), run:
 
 ```bash
-$ $cg_clif_dir/build/cargo.sh run
-```
-
-This should build and run your project with rustc_codegen_cranelift instead of the usual LLVM backend.
-
-### Rustc
-
-> You should prefer using the Cargo method.
-
-```bash
-$ $cg_clif_dir/build/bin/cg_clif my_crate.rs
-```
-
-### Jit mode
-
-In jit mode cg_clif will immediately execute your code without creating an executable file.
-
-> This requires all dependencies to be available as dynamic library.
-> The jit mode will probably need cargo integration to make this possible.
-
-```bash
-$ $cg_clif_dir/build/cargo.sh jit
-```
-
-or
-
-```bash
-$ $cg_clif_dir/build/bin/cg_clif -Cllvm-args=mode=jit -Cprefer-dynamic my_crate.rs
-```
-
-There is also an experimental lazy jit mode. In this mode functions are only compiled once they are
-first called. It currently does not work with multi-threaded programs. When a not yet compiled
-function is called from another thread than the main thread, you will get an ICE.
-
-```bash
-$ $cg_clif_dir/build/cargo.sh lazy-jit
+$ $cg_clif_dir/build/cargo.sh build
 ```
 
-### Shell
-
-These are a few functions that allow you to easily run rust code from the shell using cg_clif as jit.
-
-```bash
-function jit_naked() {
-    echo "$@" | $cg_clif_dir/build/bin/cg_clif - -Cllvm-args=mode=jit -Cprefer-dynamic
-}
-
-function jit() {
-    jit_naked "fn main() { $@ }"
-}
+This will build your project with rustc_codegen_cranelift instead of the usual LLVM backend.
 
-function jit_calc() {
-    jit 'println!("0x{:x}", ' $@ ');';
-}
-```
+For additional ways to use rustc_codegen_cranelift like the JIT mode see [usage.md](docs/usage.md).
 
 ## Env vars
 
-[see env_vars.md](docs/env_vars.md)
+See [env_vars.md](docs/env_vars.md) for all env vars used by rustc_codegen_cranelift.
 
 ## Not yet supported
 
@@ -106,3 +55,20 @@ function jit_calc() {
       `llvm_asm!` will remain unimplemented forever. `asm!` doesn't yet support reg classes. You
       have to specify specific registers instead.
 * SIMD ([tracked here](https://github.com/bjorn3/rustc_codegen_cranelift/issues/171), some basic things work)
+
+## License
+
+Licensed under either of
+
+  * Apache License, Version 2.0 ([LICENSE-APACHE](LICENSE-APACHE) or
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)
+  * MIT license ([LICENSE-MIT](LICENSE-MIT) or
+    http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+at your option.
+
+### Contribution
+
+Unless you explicitly state otherwise, any contribution intentionally submitted
+for inclusion in the work by you shall be dual licensed as above, without any
+additional terms or conditions.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/build.sh b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/build.sh
index 090349e54b1..76bc1884334 100755
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/build.sh
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/build.sh
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ ln target/$CHANNEL/*rustc_codegen_cranelift* "$target_dir"/lib
 ln rust-toolchain scripts/config.sh scripts/cargo.sh "$target_dir"
 
 mkdir -p "$target_dir/lib/rustlib/$TARGET_TRIPLE/lib/"
+mkdir -p "$target_dir/lib/rustlib/$HOST_TRIPLE/lib/"
 if [[ "$TARGET_TRIPLE" == "x86_64-pc-windows-gnu" ]]; then
     cp $(rustc --print sysroot)/lib/rustlib/$TARGET_TRIPLE/lib/*.o "$target_dir/lib/rustlib/$TARGET_TRIPLE/lib/"
 fi
@@ -64,12 +65,18 @@ case "$build_sysroot" in
         ;;
     "llvm")
         cp -r $(rustc --print sysroot)/lib/rustlib/$TARGET_TRIPLE/lib "$target_dir/lib/rustlib/$TARGET_TRIPLE/"
+        if [[ "$HOST_TRIPLE" != "$TARGET_TRIPLE" ]]; then
+            cp -r $(rustc --print sysroot)/lib/rustlib/$HOST_TRIPLE/lib "$target_dir/lib/rustlib/$HOST_TRIPLE/"
+        fi
         ;;
     "clif")
         echo "[BUILD] sysroot"
         dir=$(pwd)
         cd "$target_dir"
         time "$dir/build_sysroot/build_sysroot.sh"
+        if [[ "$HOST_TRIPLE" != "$TARGET_TRIPLE" ]]; then
+            time TARGET_TRIPLE="$HOST_TRIPLE" "$dir/build_sysroot/build_sysroot.sh"
+        fi
         cp lib/rustlib/*/lib/libstd-* lib/
         ;;
     *)
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/build_sysroot/Cargo.lock b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/build_sysroot/Cargo.lock
index a7650ab995b..09c5d7590ab 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/build_sysroot/Cargo.lock
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/build_sysroot/Cargo.lock
@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "adler"
-version = "0.2.3"
+version = "1.0.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ee2a4ec343196209d6594e19543ae87a39f96d5534d7174822a3ad825dd6ed7e"
+checksum = "f26201604c87b1e01bd3d98f8d5d9a8fcbb815e8cedb41ffccbeb4bf593a35fe"
 dependencies = [
  "compiler_builtins",
  "rustc-std-workspace-core",
@@ -110,9 +110,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hashbrown"
-version = "0.9.1"
+version = "0.11.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d7afe4a420e3fe79967a00898cc1f4db7c8a49a9333a29f8a4bd76a253d5cd04"
+checksum = "ab5ef0d4909ef3724cc8cce6ccc8572c5c817592e9285f5464f8e86f8bd3726e"
 dependencies = [
  "compiler_builtins",
  "rustc-std-workspace-alloc",
@@ -132,18 +132,18 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libc"
-version = "0.2.86"
+version = "0.2.91"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b7282d924be3275cec7f6756ff4121987bc6481325397dde6ba3e7802b1a8b1c"
+checksum = "8916b1f6ca17130ec6568feccee27c156ad12037880833a3b842a823236502e7"
 dependencies = [
  "rustc-std-workspace-core",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "miniz_oxide"
-version = "0.4.3"
+version = "0.4.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0f2d26ec3309788e423cfbf68ad1800f061638098d76a83681af979dc4eda19d"
+checksum = "a92518e98c078586bc6c934028adcca4c92a53d6a958196de835170a01d84e4b"
 dependencies = [
  "adler",
  "autocfg",
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/build_sysroot/build_sysroot.sh b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/build_sysroot/build_sysroot.sh
index 636aa5f3f3d..0354304e55b 100755
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/build_sysroot/build_sysroot.sh
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/build_sysroot/build_sysroot.sh
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ export __CARGO_DEFAULT_LIB_METADATA="cg_clif"
 if [[ "$1" != "--debug" ]]; then
     sysroot_channel='release'
     # FIXME Enable incremental again once rust-lang/rust#74946 is fixed
-    CARGO_INCREMENTAL=0 RUSTFLAGS="$RUSTFLAGS -Zmir-opt-level=2" cargo build --target "$TARGET_TRIPLE" --release
+    CARGO_INCREMENTAL=0 RUSTFLAGS="$RUSTFLAGS -Zmir-opt-level=3" cargo build --target "$TARGET_TRIPLE" --release
 else
     sysroot_channel='debug'
     cargo build --target "$TARGET_TRIPLE"
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/docs/env_vars.md b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/docs/env_vars.md
index f0a0a6ad42e..f7fde1b4f3a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/docs/env_vars.md
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/docs/env_vars.md
@@ -8,5 +8,8 @@
     to make it possible to use incremental mode for all analyses performed by rustc without caching
     object files when their content should have been changed by a change to cg_clif.</dd>
     <dt>CG_CLIF_DISPLAY_CG_TIME</dt>
-    <dd>If "1", display the time it took to perform codegen for a crate</dd>
+    <dd>If "1", display the time it took to perform codegen for a crate.</dd>
+    <dt>CG_CLIF_ENABLE_VERIFIER</dt>
+    <dd>Enable the Cranelift ir verifier for all compilation passes. If not set it will only run once
+    before passing the clif ir to Cranelift for compilation.</dt>
 </dl>
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/docs/usage.md b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/docs/usage.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3eee3b554e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/docs/usage.md
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+# Usage
+
+rustc_codegen_cranelift can be used as a near-drop-in replacement for `cargo build` or `cargo run` for existing projects.
+
+Assuming `$cg_clif_dir` is the directory you cloned this repo into and you followed the instructions (`prepare.sh` and `build.sh` or `test.sh`).
+
+## Cargo
+
+In the directory with your project (where you can do the usual `cargo build`), run:
+
+```bash
+$ $cg_clif_dir/build/cargo.sh build
+```
+
+This will build your project with rustc_codegen_cranelift instead of the usual LLVM backend.
+
+## Rustc
+
+> You should prefer using the Cargo method.
+
+```bash
+$ $cg_clif_dir/build/bin/cg_clif my_crate.rs
+```
+
+## Jit mode
+
+In jit mode cg_clif will immediately execute your code without creating an executable file.
+
+> This requires all dependencies to be available as dynamic library.
+> The jit mode will probably need cargo integration to make this possible.
+
+```bash
+$ $cg_clif_dir/build/cargo.sh jit
+```
+
+or
+
+```bash
+$ $cg_clif_dir/build/bin/cg_clif -Cllvm-args=mode=jit -Cprefer-dynamic my_crate.rs
+```
+
+There is also an experimental lazy jit mode. In this mode functions are only compiled once they are
+first called. It currently does not work with multi-threaded programs. When a not yet compiled
+function is called from another thread than the main thread, you will get an ICE.
+
+```bash
+$ $cg_clif_dir/build/cargo.sh lazy-jit
+```
+
+## Shell
+
+These are a few functions that allow you to easily run rust code from the shell using cg_clif as jit.
+
+```bash
+function jit_naked() {
+    echo "$@" | $cg_clif_dir/build/bin/cg_clif - -Cllvm-args=mode=jit -Cprefer-dynamic
+}
+
+function jit() {
+    jit_naked "fn main() { $@ }"
+}
+
+function jit_calc() {
+    jit 'println!("0x{:x}", ' $@ ');';
+}
+```
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/example/mini_core.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/example/mini_core.rs
index 7c6d7fc106d..c4834c80408 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/example/mini_core.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/example/mini_core.rs
@@ -621,6 +621,7 @@ struct PanicLocation {
 }
 
 #[no_mangle]
+#[cfg(not(windows))]
 pub fn get_tls() -> u8 {
     #[thread_local]
     static A: u8 = 42;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/example/mini_core_hello_world.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/example/mini_core_hello_world.rs
index 237f4d11d57..ea37ca98b59 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/example/mini_core_hello_world.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/example/mini_core_hello_world.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-#![feature(
-    no_core, start, lang_items, box_syntax, never_type, linkage,
-    extern_types, thread_local
-)]
+#![feature(no_core, lang_items, box_syntax, never_type, linkage, extern_types, thread_local)]
 #![no_core]
 #![allow(dead_code, non_camel_case_types)]
 
@@ -239,7 +236,7 @@ fn main() {
 
     assert_eq!(((|()| 42u8) as fn(()) -> u8)(()), 42);
 
-    #[cfg(not(jit))]
+    #[cfg(not(any(jit, windows)))]
     {
         extern {
             #[linkage = "extern_weak"]
@@ -292,7 +289,7 @@ fn main() {
 
     from_decimal_string();
 
-    #[cfg(not(jit))]
+    #[cfg(not(any(jit, windows)))]
     test_tls();
 
     #[cfg(all(not(jit), target_os = "linux"))]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/prepare.sh b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/prepare.sh
index ee995ffcfa9..64c097261c9 100755
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/prepare.sh
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/prepare.sh
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 set -e
 
-rustup component add rust-src rustc-dev llvm-tools-preview
 ./build_sysroot/prepare_sysroot_src.sh
 cargo install hyperfine || echo "Skipping hyperfine install"
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/rust-toolchain b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/rust-toolchain
index 908ca52135b..2917fc7ee39 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/rust-toolchain
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/rust-toolchain
@@ -1 +1,3 @@
-nightly-2021-03-05
+[toolchain]
+channel = "nightly-2021-03-29"
+components = ["rust-src", "rustc-dev", "llvm-tools-preview"]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/scripts/cargo.sh b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/scripts/cargo.sh
index 669d2d45b71..1daa5a78f7b 100755
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/scripts/cargo.sh
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/scripts/cargo.sh
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ dir=$(dirname "$0")
 source "$dir/config.sh"
 
 # read nightly compiler from rust-toolchain file
-TOOLCHAIN=$(cat "$dir/rust-toolchain")
+TOOLCHAIN=$(cat "$dir/rust-toolchain" | grep channel | sed "s/channel = \"\(.*\)\"/\1/")
 
 cmd=$1
 shift || true
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/scripts/config.sh b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/scripts/config.sh
index c2ed2bf256d..99b302ee1d9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/scripts/config.sh
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/scripts/config.sh
@@ -2,15 +2,7 @@
 
 set -e
 
-unamestr=$(uname)
-if [[ "$unamestr" == 'Linux' || "$unamestr" == 'FreeBSD' ]]; then
-   dylib_ext='so'
-elif [[ "$unamestr" == 'Darwin' ]]; then
-   dylib_ext='dylib'
-else
-   echo "Unsupported os"
-   exit 1
-fi
+dylib=$(echo "" | rustc --print file-names --crate-type dylib --crate-name rustc_codegen_cranelift -)
 
 if echo "$RUSTC_WRAPPER" | grep sccache; then
 echo
@@ -24,10 +16,10 @@ dir=$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")"; pwd)
 export RUSTC=$dir"/bin/cg_clif"
 
 export RUSTDOCFLAGS=$linker' -Cpanic=abort -Zpanic-abort-tests '\
-'-Zcodegen-backend='$dir'/lib/librustc_codegen_cranelift.'$dylib_ext' --sysroot '$dir
+'-Zcodegen-backend='$dir'/lib/'$dylib' --sysroot '$dir
 
 # FIXME fix `#[linkage = "extern_weak"]` without this
-if [[ "$unamestr" == 'Darwin' ]]; then
+if [[ "$(uname)" == 'Darwin' ]]; then
    export RUSTFLAGS="$RUSTFLAGS -Clink-arg=-undefined -Clink-arg=dynamic_lookup"
 fi
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/scripts/rustup.sh b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/scripts/rustup.sh
index 694945a87c2..fa7557653d8 100755
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/scripts/rustup.sh
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/scripts/rustup.sh
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ case $1 in
 
         echo "=> Installing new nightly"
         rustup toolchain install --profile minimal "nightly-${TOOLCHAIN}" # Sanity check to see if the nightly exists
-        echo "nightly-${TOOLCHAIN}" > rust-toolchain
+        sed -i "s/\"nightly-.*\"/\"nightly-${TOOLCHAIN}\"/" rust-toolchain
         rustup component add rustfmt || true
 
         echo "=> Uninstalling all old nighlies"
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/scripts/setup_rust_fork.sh b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/scripts/setup_rust_fork.sh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e8bedf625f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/scripts/setup_rust_fork.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -e
+
+./build.sh
+source build/config.sh
+
+echo "[SETUP] Rust fork"
+git clone https://github.com/rust-lang/rust.git || true
+pushd rust
+git fetch
+git checkout -- .
+git checkout "$(rustc -V | cut -d' ' -f3 | tr -d '(')"
+
+git apply - <<EOF
+diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
+index 5bd1147cad5..10d68a2ff14 100644
+--- a/Cargo.toml
++++ b/Cargo.toml
+@@ -111,5 +111,7 @@ rustc-std-workspace-std = { path = 'library/rustc-std-workspace-std' }
+ rustc-std-workspace-alloc = { path = 'library/rustc-std-workspace-alloc' }
+ rustc-std-workspace-std = { path = 'library/rustc-std-workspace-std' }
+
++compiler_builtins = { path = "../build_sysroot/compiler-builtins" }
++
+ [patch."https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy"]
+ clippy_lints = { path = "src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints" }
+diff --git a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/Cargo.toml b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/Cargo.toml
+index 23e689fcae7..5f077b765b6 100644
+--- a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/Cargo.toml
++++ b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/Cargo.toml
+@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ tempfile = "3.0.5"
+
+ [dependencies.parking_lot]
+ version = "0.11"
+-features = ["nightly"]
+
+ [target.'cfg(windows)'.dependencies]
+ winapi = { version = "0.3", features = ["fileapi", "psapi"] }
+diff --git a/library/alloc/Cargo.toml b/library/alloc/Cargo.toml
+index d95b5b7f17f..00b6f0e3635 100644
+--- a/library/alloc/Cargo.toml
++++ b/library/alloc/Cargo.toml
+@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ edition = "2018"
+
+ [dependencies]
+ core = { path = "../core" }
+-compiler_builtins = { version = "0.1.39", features = ['rustc-dep-of-std'] }
++compiler_builtins = { version = "0.1.39", features = ['rustc-dep-of-std', 'no-asm'] }
+
+ [dev-dependencies]
+ rand = "0.7"
+EOF
+
+cat > config.toml <<EOF
+[llvm]
+ninja = false
+
+[build]
+rustc = "$(pwd)/../build/bin/cg_clif"
+cargo = "$(rustup which cargo)"
+full-bootstrap = true
+local-rebuild = true
+
+[rust]
+codegen-backends = ["cranelift"]
+deny-warnings = false
+EOF
+popd
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/scripts/test_bootstrap.sh b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/scripts/test_bootstrap.sh
index 6473c6ad67d..791d457993d 100755
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/scripts/test_bootstrap.sh
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/scripts/test_bootstrap.sh
@@ -3,70 +3,10 @@ set -e
 
 cd "$(dirname "$0")/../"
 
-./build.sh
-source build/config.sh
+source ./scripts/setup_rust_fork.sh
 
 echo "[TEST] Bootstrap of rustc"
-git clone https://github.com/rust-lang/rust.git || true
 pushd rust
-git fetch
-git checkout -- .
-git checkout "$(rustc -V | cut -d' ' -f3 | tr -d '(')"
-
-git apply - <<EOF
-diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
-index 5bd1147cad5..10d68a2ff14 100644
---- a/Cargo.toml
-+++ b/Cargo.toml
-@@ -111,5 +111,7 @@ rustc-std-workspace-std = { path = 'library/rustc-std-workspace-std' }
- rustc-std-workspace-alloc = { path = 'library/rustc-std-workspace-alloc' }
- rustc-std-workspace-std = { path = 'library/rustc-std-workspace-std' }
- 
-+compiler_builtins = { path = "../build_sysroot/compiler-builtins" }
-+
- [patch."https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy"]
- clippy_lints = { path = "src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints" }
-diff --git a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/Cargo.toml b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/Cargo.toml
-index 23e689fcae7..5f077b765b6 100644
---- a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/Cargo.toml
-+++ b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/Cargo.toml
-@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ tempfile = "3.0.5"
-
- [dependencies.parking_lot]
- version = "0.11"
--features = ["nightly"]
-
- [target.'cfg(windows)'.dependencies]
- winapi = { version = "0.3", features = ["fileapi", "psapi"] }
-diff --git a/library/alloc/Cargo.toml b/library/alloc/Cargo.toml
-index d95b5b7f17f..00b6f0e3635 100644
---- a/library/alloc/Cargo.toml
-+++ b/library/alloc/Cargo.toml
-@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ edition = "2018"
- 
- [dependencies]
- core = { path = "../core" }
--compiler_builtins = { version = "0.1.39", features = ['rustc-dep-of-std'] }
-+compiler_builtins = { version = "0.1.39", features = ['rustc-dep-of-std', 'no-asm'] }
- 
- [dev-dependencies]
- rand = "0.7"
-EOF
-
-cat > config.toml <<EOF
-[llvm]
-ninja = false
-
-[build]
-rustc = "$(pwd)/../build/bin/cg_clif"
-cargo = "$(rustup which cargo)"
-full-bootstrap = true
-local-rebuild = true
-
-[rust]
-codegen-backends = ["cranelift"]
-EOF
-
 rm -r compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/{Cargo.*,src}
 cp ../Cargo.* compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/
 cp -r ../src compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/scripts/test_rustc_tests.sh b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/scripts/test_rustc_tests.sh
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..fbc3feceec7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/scripts/test_rustc_tests.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -e
+
+cd $(dirname "$0")/../
+
+source ./scripts/setup_rust_fork.sh
+
+echo "[TEST] Test suite of rustc"
+pushd rust
+
+cargo install ripgrep
+
+rm -r src/test/ui/{extern/,panics/,unsized-locals/,thinlto/,simd*,*lto*.rs,linkage*,unwind-*.rs} || true
+for test in $(rg --files-with-matches "asm!|catch_unwind|should_panic|lto" src/test/ui); do
+  rm $test
+done
+
+for test in $(rg -i --files-with-matches "//(\[\w+\])?~|// error-pattern:|// build-fail|// run-fail|-Cllvm-args" src/test/ui); do
+  rm $test
+done
+
+git checkout -- src/test/ui/issues/auxiliary/issue-3136-a.rs # contains //~ERROR, but shouldn't be removed
+
+# these all depend on unwinding support
+rm src/test/ui/backtrace.rs
+rm src/test/ui/array-slice-vec/box-of-array-of-drop-*.rs
+rm src/test/ui/array-slice-vec/slice-panic-*.rs
+rm src/test/ui/array-slice-vec/nested-vec-3.rs
+rm src/test/ui/cleanup-rvalue-temp-during-incomplete-alloc.rs
+rm src/test/ui/issues/issue-26655.rs
+rm src/test/ui/issues/issue-29485.rs
+rm src/test/ui/issues/issue-30018-panic.rs
+rm src/test/ui/multi-panic.rs
+rm src/test/ui/sepcomp/sepcomp-unwind.rs
+rm src/test/ui/structs-enums/unit-like-struct-drop-run.rs
+rm src/test/ui/terminate-in-initializer.rs
+rm src/test/ui/threads-sendsync/task-stderr.rs
+rm src/test/ui/numbers-arithmetic/int-abs-overflow.rs
+rm src/test/ui/drop/drop-trait-enum.rs
+rm src/test/ui/numbers-arithmetic/issue-8460.rs
+
+rm src/test/ui/issues/issue-28950.rs # depends on stack size optimizations
+rm src/test/ui/init-large-type.rs # same
+rm src/test/ui/sse2.rs # cpuid not supported, so sse2 not detected
+rm src/test/ui/issues/issue-33992.rs # unsupported linkages
+rm src/test/ui/issues/issue-51947.rs # same
+rm src/test/ui/numbers-arithmetic/saturating-float-casts.rs # intrinsic gives different but valid result
+rm src/test/ui/mir/mir_misc_casts.rs # depends on deduplication of constants
+rm src/test/ui/mir/mir_raw_fat_ptr.rs # same
+rm src/test/ui/async-await/async-fn-size-moved-locals.rs # -Cpanic=abort shrinks some generator by one byte
+rm src/test/ui/async-await/async-fn-size-uninit-locals.rs # same
+rm src/test/ui/generator/size-moved-locals.rs # same
+rm src/test/ui/fn/dyn-fn-alignment.rs # wants a 256 byte alignment
+rm src/test/ui/test-attrs/test-fn-signature-verification-for-explicit-return-type.rs # "Cannot run dynamic test fn out-of-process"
+rm src/test/ui/intrinsics/intrinsic-nearby.rs # unimplemented nearbyintf32 and nearbyintf64 intrinsics
+
+rm src/test/incremental/hashes/inline_asm.rs # inline asm
+rm src/test/incremental/issue-72386.rs # same
+rm src/test/incremental/change_crate_dep_kind.rs # requires -Cpanic=unwind
+rm src/test/incremental/issue-49482.rs # same
+rm src/test/incremental/issue-54059.rs # same
+rm src/test/incremental/lto.rs # requires lto
+
+rm src/test/pretty/asm.rs # inline asm
+rm src/test/pretty/raw-str-nonexpr.rs # same
+
+rm -r src/test/run-pass-valgrind/unsized-locals
+
+rm src/test/ui/json-bom-plus-crlf-multifile.rs # differing warning
+rm src/test/ui/json-bom-plus-crlf.rs # same
+rm src/test/ui/type-alias-impl-trait/cross_crate_ice*.rs # requires removed aux dep
+
+rm src/test/ui/allocator/no_std-alloc-error-handler-default.rs # missing rust_oom definition
+rm src/test/ui/cfg/cfg-panic.rs
+rm src/test/ui/default-alloc-error-hook.rs
+rm -r src/test/ui/hygiene/
+
+rm -r src/test/ui/polymorphization/ # polymorphization not yet supported
+rm src/test/codegen-units/polymorphization/unused_type_parameters.rs # same
+
+rm -r src/test/run-make/fmt-write-bloat/ # tests an optimization
+rm src/test/ui/abi/mir/mir_codegen_calls_variadic.rs # requires float varargs
+rm src/test/ui/abi/variadic-ffi.rs # requires callee side vararg support
+
+echo "[TEST] rustc test suite"
+RUST_TEST_NOCAPTURE=1 COMPILETEST_FORCE_STAGE0=1 ./x.py test --stage 0 src/test/{codegen-units,run-make,run-pass-valgrind,ui}
+popd
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/scripts/tests.sh b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/scripts/tests.sh
index f9a9fb091fb..3afcea8f06b 100755
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/scripts/tests.sh
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/scripts/tests.sh
@@ -71,14 +71,20 @@ function base_sysroot_tests() {
     echo "[AOT] mod_bench"
     $MY_RUSTC example/mod_bench.rs --crate-type bin --target "$TARGET_TRIPLE"
     $RUN_WRAPPER ./target/out/mod_bench
+}
 
+function extended_sysroot_tests() {
     pushd rand
-    rm -r ./target || true
-    ../build/cargo.sh test --workspace
+    cargo clean
+    if [[ "$HOST_TRIPLE" = "$TARGET_TRIPLE" ]]; then
+        echo "[TEST] rust-random/rand"
+        ../build/cargo.sh test --workspace
+    else
+        echo "[AOT] rust-random/rand"
+        ../build/cargo.sh build --workspace --target $TARGET_TRIPLE --tests
+    fi
     popd
-}
 
-function extended_sysroot_tests() {
     pushd simple-raytracer
     if [[ "$HOST_TRIPLE" = "$TARGET_TRIPLE" ]]; then
         echo "[BENCH COMPILE] ebobby/simple-raytracer"
@@ -92,27 +98,40 @@ function extended_sysroot_tests() {
     else
         echo "[BENCH COMPILE] ebobby/simple-raytracer (skipped)"
         echo "[COMPILE] ebobby/simple-raytracer"
-        ../cargo.sh build
+        ../build/cargo.sh build --target $TARGET_TRIPLE
         echo "[BENCH RUN] ebobby/simple-raytracer (skipped)"
     fi
     popd
 
     pushd build_sysroot/sysroot_src/library/core/tests
     echo "[TEST] libcore"
-    rm -r ./target || true
-    ../../../../../build/cargo.sh test
+    cargo clean
+    if [[ "$HOST_TRIPLE" = "$TARGET_TRIPLE" ]]; then
+        ../../../../../build/cargo.sh test
+    else
+        ../../../../../build/cargo.sh build --target $TARGET_TRIPLE --tests
+    fi
     popd
 
     pushd regex
     echo "[TEST] rust-lang/regex example shootout-regex-dna"
-    ../build/cargo.sh clean
+    cargo clean
     # Make sure `[codegen mono items] start` doesn't poison the diff
-    ../build/cargo.sh build --example shootout-regex-dna
-    cat examples/regexdna-input.txt | ../build/cargo.sh run --example shootout-regex-dna | grep -v "Spawned thread" > res.txt
-    diff -u res.txt examples/regexdna-output.txt
+    ../build/cargo.sh build --example shootout-regex-dna --target $TARGET_TRIPLE
+    if [[ "$HOST_TRIPLE" = "$TARGET_TRIPLE" ]]; then
+        cat examples/regexdna-input.txt \
+            | ../build/cargo.sh run --example shootout-regex-dna --target $TARGET_TRIPLE \
+            | grep -v "Spawned thread" > res.txt
+        diff -u res.txt examples/regexdna-output.txt
+    fi
 
-    echo "[TEST] rust-lang/regex tests"
-    ../build/cargo.sh test --tests -- --exclude-should-panic --test-threads 1 -Zunstable-options -q
+    if [[ "$HOST_TRIPLE" = "$TARGET_TRIPLE" ]]; then
+        echo "[TEST] rust-lang/regex tests"
+        ../build/cargo.sh test --tests -- --exclude-should-panic --test-threads 1 -Zunstable-options -q
+    else
+        echo "[AOT] rust-lang/regex tests"
+        ../build/cargo.sh build --tests --target $TARGET_TRIPLE
+    fi
     popd
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/abi/comments.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/abi/comments.rs
index c3cf90e1e70..5fbaed7283a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/abi/comments.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/abi/comments.rs
@@ -11,9 +11,11 @@ use cranelift_codegen::entity::EntityRef;
 use crate::prelude::*;
 
 pub(super) fn add_args_header_comment(fx: &mut FunctionCx<'_, '_, '_>) {
-    fx.add_global_comment(
-        "kind  loc.idx   param    pass mode                            ty".to_string(),
-    );
+    if fx.clif_comments.enabled() {
+        fx.add_global_comment(
+            "kind  loc.idx   param    pass mode                            ty".to_string(),
+        );
+    }
 }
 
 pub(super) fn add_arg_comment<'tcx>(
@@ -25,6 +27,10 @@ pub(super) fn add_arg_comment<'tcx>(
     arg_abi_mode: PassMode,
     arg_layout: TyAndLayout<'tcx>,
 ) {
+    if !fx.clif_comments.enabled() {
+        return;
+    }
+
     let local = if let Some(local) = local {
         Cow::Owned(format!("{:?}", local))
     } else {
@@ -59,10 +65,12 @@ pub(super) fn add_arg_comment<'tcx>(
 }
 
 pub(super) fn add_locals_header_comment(fx: &mut FunctionCx<'_, '_, '_>) {
-    fx.add_global_comment(String::new());
-    fx.add_global_comment(
-        "kind  local ty                              size align (abi,pref)".to_string(),
-    );
+    if fx.clif_comments.enabled() {
+        fx.add_global_comment(String::new());
+        fx.add_global_comment(
+            "kind  local ty                              size align (abi,pref)".to_string(),
+        );
+    }
 }
 
 pub(super) fn add_local_place_comments<'tcx>(
@@ -70,6 +78,9 @@ pub(super) fn add_local_place_comments<'tcx>(
     place: CPlace<'tcx>,
     local: Local,
 ) {
+    if !fx.clif_comments.enabled() {
+        return;
+    }
     let TyAndLayout { ty, layout } = place.layout();
     let rustc_target::abi::Layout { size, align, abi: _, variants: _, fields: _, largest_niche: _ } =
         layout;
@@ -90,7 +101,7 @@ pub(super) fn add_local_place_comments<'tcx>(
             } else {
                 Cow::Borrowed("")
             };
-            match ptr.base_and_offset() {
+            match ptr.debug_base_and_offset() {
                 (crate::pointer::PointerBase::Addr(addr), offset) => {
                     ("reuse", format!("storage={}{}{}", addr, offset, meta).into())
                 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/abi/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/abi/mod.rs
index b158d73f3a1..0e7829eaa26 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/abi/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/abi/mod.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 //! Handling of everything related to the calling convention. Also fills `fx.local_map`.
 
-#[cfg(debug_assertions)]
 mod comments;
 mod pass_mode;
 mod returning;
@@ -75,8 +74,9 @@ impl<'tcx> FunctionCx<'_, '_, 'tcx> {
         let func_id = import_function(self.tcx, self.cx.module, inst);
         let func_ref = self.cx.module.declare_func_in_func(func_id, &mut self.bcx.func);
 
-        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
-        self.add_comment(func_ref, format!("{:?}", inst));
+        if self.clif_comments.enabled() {
+            self.add_comment(func_ref, format!("{:?}", inst));
+        }
 
         func_ref
     }
@@ -92,8 +92,7 @@ impl<'tcx> FunctionCx<'_, '_, 'tcx> {
         let func_id = self.cx.module.declare_function(&name, Linkage::Import, &sig).unwrap();
         let func_ref = self.cx.module.declare_func_in_func(func_id, &mut self.bcx.func);
         let call_inst = self.bcx.ins().call(func_ref, args);
-        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
-        {
+        if self.clif_comments.enabled() {
             self.add_comment(call_inst, format!("easy_call {}", name));
         }
         let results = self.bcx.inst_results(call_inst);
@@ -149,7 +148,6 @@ fn make_local_place<'tcx>(
         CPlace::new_stack_slot(fx, layout)
     };
 
-    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
     self::comments::add_local_place_comments(fx, place, local);
 
     place
@@ -163,7 +161,6 @@ pub(crate) fn codegen_fn_prelude<'tcx>(fx: &mut FunctionCx<'_, '_, 'tcx>, start_
 
     let ssa_analyzed = crate::analyze::analyze(fx);
 
-    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
     self::comments::add_args_header_comment(fx);
 
     let mut block_params_iter = fx.bcx.func.dfg.block_params(start_block).to_vec().into_iter();
@@ -228,7 +225,6 @@ pub(crate) fn codegen_fn_prelude<'tcx>(fx: &mut FunctionCx<'_, '_, 'tcx>, start_
     fx.fn_abi = Some(fn_abi);
     assert!(block_params_iter.next().is_none(), "arg_value left behind");
 
-    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
     self::comments::add_locals_header_comment(fx);
 
     for (local, arg_kind, ty) in func_params {
@@ -256,7 +252,6 @@ pub(crate) fn codegen_fn_prelude<'tcx>(fx: &mut FunctionCx<'_, '_, 'tcx>, start_
                         CPlace::for_ptr(addr, val.layout())
                     };
 
-                    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
                     self::comments::add_local_place_comments(fx, place, local);
 
                     assert_eq!(fx.local_map.push(place), local);
@@ -392,8 +387,7 @@ pub(crate) fn codegen_terminator_call<'tcx>(
     let (func_ref, first_arg) = match instance {
         // Trait object call
         Some(Instance { def: InstanceDef::Virtual(_, idx), .. }) => {
-            #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
-            {
+            if fx.clif_comments.enabled() {
                 let nop_inst = fx.bcx.ins().nop();
                 fx.add_comment(
                     nop_inst,
@@ -414,8 +408,7 @@ pub(crate) fn codegen_terminator_call<'tcx>(
 
         // Indirect call
         None => {
-            #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
-            {
+            if fx.clif_comments.enabled() {
                 let nop_inst = fx.bcx.ins().nop();
                 fx.add_comment(nop_inst, "indirect call");
             }
@@ -477,10 +470,7 @@ pub(crate) fn codegen_terminator_call<'tcx>(
     // FIXME find a cleaner way to support varargs
     if fn_sig.c_variadic {
         if !matches!(fn_sig.abi, Abi::C { .. }) {
-            fx.tcx.sess.span_fatal(
-                span,
-                &format!("Variadic call for non-C abi {:?}", fn_sig.abi),
-            );
+            fx.tcx.sess.span_fatal(span, &format!("Variadic call for non-C abi {:?}", fn_sig.abi));
         }
         let sig_ref = fx.bcx.func.dfg.call_signature(call_inst).unwrap();
         let abi_params = call_args
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/abi/pass_mode.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/abi/pass_mode.rs
index d58f952f53c..7c275965199 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/abi/pass_mode.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/abi/pass_mode.rs
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ pub(super) fn from_casted_value<'tcx>(
     });
     let ptr = Pointer::new(fx.bcx.ins().stack_addr(pointer_ty(fx.tcx), stack_slot, 0));
     let mut offset = 0;
-    let mut block_params_iter = block_params.into_iter().copied();
+    let mut block_params_iter = block_params.iter().copied();
     for param in abi_params {
         let val = ptr.offset_i64(fx, offset).store(
             fx,
@@ -248,8 +248,8 @@ pub(super) fn adjust_arg_for_abi<'tcx>(
 /// as necessary.
 pub(super) fn cvalue_for_param<'tcx>(
     fx: &mut FunctionCx<'_, '_, 'tcx>,
-    #[cfg_attr(not(debug_assertions), allow(unused_variables))] local: Option<mir::Local>,
-    #[cfg_attr(not(debug_assertions), allow(unused_variables))] local_field: Option<usize>,
+    local: Option<mir::Local>,
+    local_field: Option<usize>,
     arg_abi: &ArgAbi<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>>,
     block_params_iter: &mut impl Iterator<Item = Value>,
 ) -> Option<CValue<'tcx>> {
@@ -263,7 +263,6 @@ pub(super) fn cvalue_for_param<'tcx>(
         })
         .collect::<SmallVec<[_; 2]>>();
 
-    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
     crate::abi::comments::add_arg_comment(
         fx,
         "arg",
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/abi/returning.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/abi/returning.rs
index 9fa066df69b..e1c53224b4f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/abi/returning.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/abi/returning.rs
@@ -84,10 +84,6 @@ pub(super) fn codegen_return_param<'tcx>(
         }
     };
 
-    #[cfg(not(debug_assertions))]
-    let _ = ret_param;
-
-    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
     crate::abi::comments::add_arg_comment(
         fx,
         "ret",
@@ -146,7 +142,7 @@ pub(super) fn codegen_with_call_return_arg<'tcx, T>(
                 let results = fx
                     .bcx
                     .inst_results(call_inst)
-                    .into_iter()
+                    .iter()
                     .copied()
                     .collect::<SmallVec<[Value; 2]>>();
                 let result =
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/allocator.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/allocator.rs
index efb64233ef2..f60645a9f97 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/allocator.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/allocator.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 use crate::prelude::*;
 
+use cranelift_codegen::binemit::{NullStackMapSink, NullTrapSink};
 use rustc_ast::expand::allocator::{AllocatorKind, AllocatorTy, ALLOCATOR_METHODS};
 use rustc_span::symbol::sym;
 
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ fn codegen_inner(
             bcx.finalize();
         }
         module
-            .define_function(func_id, &mut ctx, &mut cranelift_codegen::binemit::NullTrapSink {})
+            .define_function(func_id, &mut ctx, &mut NullTrapSink {}, &mut NullStackMapSink {})
             .unwrap();
         unwind_context.add_function(func_id, &ctx, module.isa());
     }
@@ -132,7 +133,7 @@ fn codegen_inner(
         bcx.finalize();
     }
     module
-        .define_function(func_id, &mut ctx, &mut cranelift_codegen::binemit::NullTrapSink {})
+        .define_function(func_id, &mut ctx, &mut NullTrapSink {}, &mut NullStackMapSink {})
         .unwrap();
     unwind_context.add_function(func_id, &ctx, module.isa());
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/base.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/base.rs
index 8b5ae9e0541..b34a29c25b9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/base.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 //! Codegen of a single function
 
+use cranelift_codegen::binemit::{NullStackMapSink, NullTrapSink};
 use rustc_index::vec::IndexVec;
 use rustc_middle::ty::adjustment::PointerCast;
 use rustc_middle::ty::layout::FnAbiExt;
@@ -7,11 +8,7 @@ use rustc_target::abi::call::FnAbi;
 
 use crate::prelude::*;
 
-pub(crate) fn codegen_fn<'tcx>(
-    cx: &mut crate::CodegenCx<'_, 'tcx>,
-    instance: Instance<'tcx>,
-    linkage: Linkage,
-) {
+pub(crate) fn codegen_fn<'tcx>(cx: &mut crate::CodegenCx<'_, 'tcx>, instance: Instance<'tcx>) {
     let tcx = cx.tcx;
 
     let _inst_guard =
@@ -23,7 +20,7 @@ pub(crate) fn codegen_fn<'tcx>(
     // Declare function
     let name = tcx.symbol_name(instance).name.to_string();
     let sig = get_function_sig(tcx, cx.module.isa().triple(), instance);
-    let func_id = cx.module.declare_function(&name, linkage, &sig).unwrap();
+    let func_id = cx.module.declare_function(&name, Linkage::Local, &sig).unwrap();
 
     cx.cached_context.clear();
 
@@ -131,7 +128,7 @@ pub(crate) fn codegen_fn<'tcx>(
     let module = &mut cx.module;
     tcx.sess.time("define function", || {
         module
-            .define_function(func_id, context, &mut cranelift_codegen::binemit::NullTrapSink {})
+            .define_function(func_id, context, &mut NullTrapSink {}, &mut NullStackMapSink {})
             .unwrap()
     });
 
@@ -219,8 +216,7 @@ fn codegen_fn_content(fx: &mut FunctionCx<'_, '_, '_>) {
             codegen_stmt(fx, block, stmt);
         }
 
-        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
-        {
+        if fx.clif_comments.enabled() {
             let mut terminator_head = "\n".to_string();
             bb_data.terminator().kind.fmt_head(&mut terminator_head).unwrap();
             let inst = fx.bcx.func.layout.last_inst(block).unwrap();
@@ -433,12 +429,14 @@ fn codegen_stmt<'tcx>(
 
     fx.set_debug_loc(stmt.source_info);
 
-    #[cfg(false_debug_assertions)]
+    #[cfg(disabled)]
     match &stmt.kind {
         StatementKind::StorageLive(..) | StatementKind::StorageDead(..) => {} // Those are not very useful
         _ => {
-            let inst = fx.bcx.func.layout.last_inst(cur_block).unwrap();
-            fx.add_comment(inst, format!("{:?}", stmt));
+            if fx.clif_comments.enabled() {
+                let inst = fx.bcx.func.layout.last_inst(cur_block).unwrap();
+                fx.add_comment(inst, format!("{:?}", stmt));
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -464,16 +462,16 @@ fn codegen_stmt<'tcx>(
                     let val = crate::constant::codegen_tls_ref(fx, def_id, lval.layout());
                     lval.write_cvalue(fx, val);
                 }
-                Rvalue::BinaryOp(bin_op, box (ref lhs, ref rhs)) => {
-                    let lhs = codegen_operand(fx, lhs);
-                    let rhs = codegen_operand(fx, rhs);
+                Rvalue::BinaryOp(bin_op, ref lhs_rhs) => {
+                    let lhs = codegen_operand(fx, &lhs_rhs.0);
+                    let rhs = codegen_operand(fx, &lhs_rhs.1);
 
                     let res = crate::num::codegen_binop(fx, bin_op, lhs, rhs);
                     lval.write_cvalue(fx, res);
                 }
-                Rvalue::CheckedBinaryOp(bin_op, box (ref lhs, ref rhs)) => {
-                    let lhs = codegen_operand(fx, lhs);
-                    let rhs = codegen_operand(fx, rhs);
+                Rvalue::CheckedBinaryOp(bin_op, ref lhs_rhs) => {
+                    let lhs = codegen_operand(fx, &lhs_rhs.0);
+                    let rhs = codegen_operand(fx, &lhs_rhs.1);
 
                     let res = if !fx.tcx.sess.overflow_checks() {
                         let val =
@@ -659,7 +657,9 @@ fn codegen_stmt<'tcx>(
                         .val
                         .try_to_bits(fx.tcx.data_layout.pointer_size)
                         .unwrap();
-                    if fx.clif_type(operand.layout().ty) == Some(types::I8) {
+                    if operand.layout().size.bytes() == 0 {
+                        // Do nothing for ZST's
+                    } else if fx.clif_type(operand.layout().ty) == Some(types::I8) {
                         let times = fx.bcx.ins().iconst(fx.pointer_type, times as i64);
                         // FIXME use emit_small_memset where possible
                         let addr = lval.to_ptr().get_addr(fx);
@@ -832,25 +832,18 @@ fn codegen_stmt<'tcx>(
             }
         }
         StatementKind::Coverage { .. } => fx.tcx.sess.fatal("-Zcoverage is unimplemented"),
-        StatementKind::CopyNonOverlapping(box rustc_middle::mir::CopyNonOverlapping {
-          src,
-          dst,
-          count,
-        }) => {
-            let dst = codegen_operand(fx, dst);
+        StatementKind::CopyNonOverlapping(inner) => {
+            let dst = codegen_operand(fx, &inner.dst);
             let pointee = dst
-              .layout()
-              .pointee_info_at(fx, rustc_target::abi::Size::ZERO)
-              .expect("Expected pointer");
+                .layout()
+                .pointee_info_at(fx, rustc_target::abi::Size::ZERO)
+                .expect("Expected pointer");
             let dst = dst.load_scalar(fx);
-            let src = codegen_operand(fx, src).load_scalar(fx);
-            let count = codegen_operand(fx, count).load_scalar(fx);
+            let src = codegen_operand(fx, &inner.src).load_scalar(fx);
+            let count = codegen_operand(fx, &inner.count).load_scalar(fx);
             let elem_size: u64 = pointee.size.bytes();
-            let bytes = if elem_size != 1 {
-               fx.bcx.ins().imul_imm(count, elem_size as i64)
-            } else {
-               count
-            };
+            let bytes =
+                if elem_size != 1 { fx.bcx.ins().imul_imm(count, elem_size as i64) } else { count };
             fx.bcx.call_memcpy(fx.cx.module.target_config(), dst, src, bytes);
         }
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/codegen_i128.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/codegen_i128.rs
index ae75e6508cb..ffe1922ab90 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/codegen_i128.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/codegen_i128.rs
@@ -32,18 +32,56 @@ pub(crate) fn maybe_codegen<'tcx>(
         BinOp::Add | BinOp::Sub if !checked => None,
         BinOp::Mul if !checked => {
             let val_ty = if is_signed { fx.tcx.types.i128 } else { fx.tcx.types.u128 };
-            Some(fx.easy_call("__multi3", &[lhs, rhs], val_ty))
+            if fx.tcx.sess.target.is_like_windows {
+                let ret_place = CPlace::new_stack_slot(fx, lhs.layout());
+                let (lhs_ptr, lhs_extra) = lhs.force_stack(fx);
+                let (rhs_ptr, rhs_extra) = rhs.force_stack(fx);
+                assert!(lhs_extra.is_none());
+                assert!(rhs_extra.is_none());
+                let args =
+                    [ret_place.to_ptr().get_addr(fx), lhs_ptr.get_addr(fx), rhs_ptr.get_addr(fx)];
+                fx.lib_call(
+                    "__multi3",
+                    vec![
+                        AbiParam::special(pointer_ty(fx.tcx), ArgumentPurpose::StructReturn),
+                        AbiParam::new(pointer_ty(fx.tcx)),
+                        AbiParam::new(pointer_ty(fx.tcx)),
+                    ],
+                    vec![],
+                    &args,
+                );
+                Some(ret_place.to_cvalue(fx))
+            } else {
+                Some(fx.easy_call("__multi3", &[lhs, rhs], val_ty))
+            }
         }
         BinOp::Add | BinOp::Sub | BinOp::Mul => {
             assert!(checked);
             let out_ty = fx.tcx.mk_tup([lhs.layout().ty, fx.tcx.types.bool].iter());
             let out_place = CPlace::new_stack_slot(fx, fx.layout_of(out_ty));
-            let param_types = vec![
-                AbiParam::special(pointer_ty(fx.tcx), ArgumentPurpose::StructReturn),
-                AbiParam::new(types::I128),
-                AbiParam::new(types::I128),
-            ];
-            let args = [out_place.to_ptr().get_addr(fx), lhs.load_scalar(fx), rhs.load_scalar(fx)];
+            let (param_types, args) = if fx.tcx.sess.target.is_like_windows {
+                let (lhs_ptr, lhs_extra) = lhs.force_stack(fx);
+                let (rhs_ptr, rhs_extra) = rhs.force_stack(fx);
+                assert!(lhs_extra.is_none());
+                assert!(rhs_extra.is_none());
+                (
+                    vec![
+                        AbiParam::special(pointer_ty(fx.tcx), ArgumentPurpose::StructReturn),
+                        AbiParam::new(pointer_ty(fx.tcx)),
+                        AbiParam::new(pointer_ty(fx.tcx)),
+                    ],
+                    [out_place.to_ptr().get_addr(fx), lhs_ptr.get_addr(fx), rhs_ptr.get_addr(fx)],
+                )
+            } else {
+                (
+                    vec![
+                        AbiParam::special(pointer_ty(fx.tcx), ArgumentPurpose::StructReturn),
+                        AbiParam::new(types::I128),
+                        AbiParam::new(types::I128),
+                    ],
+                    [out_place.to_ptr().get_addr(fx), lhs.load_scalar(fx), rhs.load_scalar(fx)],
+                )
+            };
             let name = match (bin_op, is_signed) {
                 (BinOp::Add, false) => "__rust_u128_addo",
                 (BinOp::Add, true) => "__rust_i128_addo",
@@ -57,20 +95,33 @@ pub(crate) fn maybe_codegen<'tcx>(
             Some(out_place.to_cvalue(fx))
         }
         BinOp::Offset => unreachable!("offset should only be used on pointers, not 128bit ints"),
-        BinOp::Div => {
+        BinOp::Div | BinOp::Rem => {
             assert!(!checked);
-            if is_signed {
-                Some(fx.easy_call("__divti3", &[lhs, rhs], fx.tcx.types.i128))
-            } else {
-                Some(fx.easy_call("__udivti3", &[lhs, rhs], fx.tcx.types.u128))
-            }
-        }
-        BinOp::Rem => {
-            assert!(!checked);
-            if is_signed {
-                Some(fx.easy_call("__modti3", &[lhs, rhs], fx.tcx.types.i128))
+            let name = match (bin_op, is_signed) {
+                (BinOp::Div, false) => "__udivti3",
+                (BinOp::Div, true) => "__divti3",
+                (BinOp::Rem, false) => "__umodti3",
+                (BinOp::Rem, true) => "__modti3",
+                _ => unreachable!(),
+            };
+            if fx.tcx.sess.target.is_like_windows {
+                let (lhs_ptr, lhs_extra) = lhs.force_stack(fx);
+                let (rhs_ptr, rhs_extra) = rhs.force_stack(fx);
+                assert!(lhs_extra.is_none());
+                assert!(rhs_extra.is_none());
+                let args = [lhs_ptr.get_addr(fx), rhs_ptr.get_addr(fx)];
+                let ret = fx.lib_call(
+                    name,
+                    vec![AbiParam::new(pointer_ty(fx.tcx)), AbiParam::new(pointer_ty(fx.tcx))],
+                    vec![AbiParam::new(types::I64X2)],
+                    &args,
+                )[0];
+                // FIXME use bitcast instead of store to get from i64x2 to i128
+                let ret_place = CPlace::new_stack_slot(fx, lhs.layout());
+                ret_place.to_ptr().store(fx, ret, MemFlags::trusted());
+                Some(ret_place.to_cvalue(fx))
             } else {
-                Some(fx.easy_call("__umodti3", &[lhs, rhs], fx.tcx.types.u128))
+                Some(fx.easy_call(name, &[lhs, rhs], lhs.layout().ty))
             }
         }
         BinOp::Lt | BinOp::Le | BinOp::Eq | BinOp::Ge | BinOp::Gt | BinOp::Ne => {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/common.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/common.rs
index 6a4a6744a5c..b5874f62535 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/common.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/common.rs
@@ -361,8 +361,7 @@ impl<'tcx> FunctionCx<'_, '_, 'tcx> {
         let _ = self.cx.module.define_data(msg_id, &data_ctx);
 
         let local_msg_id = self.cx.module.declare_data_in_func(msg_id, self.bcx.func);
-        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
-        {
+        if self.clif_comments.enabled() {
             self.add_comment(local_msg_id, msg);
         }
         self.bcx.ins().global_value(self.pointer_type, local_msg_id)
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/compiler_builtins.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/compiler_builtins.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..177f850afb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/compiler_builtins.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+macro builtin_functions($register:ident; $(fn $name:ident($($arg_name:ident: $arg_ty:ty),*) -> $ret_ty:ty;)*) {
+    #[cfg(feature = "jit")]
+    #[allow(improper_ctypes)]
+    extern "C" {
+        $(fn $name($($arg_name: $arg_ty),*) -> $ret_ty;)*
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "jit")]
+    pub(crate) fn $register(builder: &mut cranelift_jit::JITBuilder) {
+        for &(name, val) in &[$((stringify!($name), $name as *const u8)),*] {
+            builder.symbol(name, val);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+builtin_functions! {
+    register_functions_for_jit;
+
+    // integers
+    fn __multi3(a: i128, b: i128) -> i128;
+    fn __udivti3(n: u128, d: u128) -> u128;
+    fn __divti3(n: i128, d: i128) -> i128;
+    fn __umodti3(n: u128, d: u128) -> u128;
+    fn __modti3(n: i128, d: i128) -> i128;
+    fn __rust_u128_addo(a: u128, b: u128) -> (u128, bool);
+    fn __rust_i128_addo(a: i128, b: i128) -> (i128, bool);
+    fn __rust_u128_subo(a: u128, b: u128) -> (u128, bool);
+    fn __rust_i128_subo(a: i128, b: i128) -> (i128, bool);
+    fn __rust_u128_mulo(a: u128, b: u128) -> (u128, bool);
+    fn __rust_i128_mulo(a: i128, b: i128) -> (i128, bool);
+
+    // floats
+    fn __floattisf(i: i128) -> f32;
+    fn __floattidf(i: i128) -> f64;
+    fn __floatuntisf(i: u128) -> f32;
+    fn __floatuntidf(i: u128) -> f64;
+    fn __fixsfti(f: f32) -> i128;
+    fn __fixdfti(f: f64) -> i128;
+    fn __fixunssfti(f: f32) -> u128;
+    fn __fixunsdfti(f: f64) -> u128;
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/constant.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/constant.rs
index f4cbfb6967f..fcd41c84465 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/constant.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/constant.rs
@@ -85,8 +85,9 @@ pub(crate) fn codegen_tls_ref<'tcx>(
 ) -> CValue<'tcx> {
     let data_id = data_id_for_static(fx.tcx, fx.cx.module, def_id, false);
     let local_data_id = fx.cx.module.declare_data_in_func(data_id, &mut fx.bcx.func);
-    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
-    fx.add_comment(local_data_id, format!("tls {:?}", def_id));
+    if fx.clif_comments.enabled() {
+        fx.add_comment(local_data_id, format!("tls {:?}", def_id));
+    }
     let tls_ptr = fx.bcx.ins().tls_value(fx.pointer_type, local_data_id);
     CValue::by_val(tls_ptr, layout)
 }
@@ -98,8 +99,9 @@ fn codegen_static_ref<'tcx>(
 ) -> CPlace<'tcx> {
     let data_id = data_id_for_static(fx.tcx, fx.cx.module, def_id, false);
     let local_data_id = fx.cx.module.declare_data_in_func(data_id, &mut fx.bcx.func);
-    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
-    fx.add_comment(local_data_id, format!("{:?}", def_id));
+    if fx.clif_comments.enabled() {
+        fx.add_comment(local_data_id, format!("{:?}", def_id));
+    }
     let global_ptr = fx.bcx.ins().global_value(fx.pointer_type, local_data_id);
     assert!(!layout.is_unsized(), "unsized statics aren't supported");
     assert!(
@@ -122,7 +124,9 @@ pub(crate) fn codegen_constant<'tcx>(
     };
     let const_val = match const_.val {
         ConstKind::Value(const_val) => const_val,
-        ConstKind::Unevaluated(ty::Unevaluated { def, substs, promoted }) if fx.tcx.is_static(def.did) => {
+        ConstKind::Unevaluated(ty::Unevaluated { def, substs, promoted })
+            if fx.tcx.is_static(def.did) =>
+        {
             assert!(substs.is_empty());
             assert!(promoted.is_none());
 
@@ -183,8 +187,9 @@ pub(crate) fn codegen_const_value<'tcx>(
                                 data_id_for_alloc_id(fx.cx.module, ptr.alloc_id, alloc.mutability);
                             let local_data_id =
                                 fx.cx.module.declare_data_in_func(data_id, &mut fx.bcx.func);
-                            #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
-                            fx.add_comment(local_data_id, format!("{:?}", ptr.alloc_id));
+                            if fx.clif_comments.enabled() {
+                                fx.add_comment(local_data_id, format!("{:?}", ptr.alloc_id));
+                            }
                             fx.bcx.ins().global_value(fx.pointer_type, local_data_id)
                         }
                         Some(GlobalAlloc::Function(instance)) => {
@@ -199,8 +204,9 @@ pub(crate) fn codegen_const_value<'tcx>(
                             let data_id = data_id_for_static(fx.tcx, fx.cx.module, def_id, false);
                             let local_data_id =
                                 fx.cx.module.declare_data_in_func(data_id, &mut fx.bcx.func);
-                            #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
-                            fx.add_comment(local_data_id, format!("{:?}", def_id));
+                            if fx.clif_comments.enabled() {
+                                fx.add_comment(local_data_id, format!("{:?}", def_id));
+                            }
                             fx.bcx.ins().global_value(fx.pointer_type, local_data_id)
                         }
                         None => bug!("missing allocation {:?}", ptr.alloc_id),
@@ -241,8 +247,9 @@ fn pointer_for_allocation<'tcx>(
     let data_id = data_id_for_alloc_id(fx.cx.module, alloc_id, alloc.mutability);
 
     let local_data_id = fx.cx.module.declare_data_in_func(data_id, &mut fx.bcx.func);
-    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
-    fx.add_comment(local_data_id, format!("{:?}", alloc_id));
+    if fx.clif_comments.enabled() {
+        fx.add_comment(local_data_id, format!("{:?}", alloc_id));
+    }
     let global_ptr = fx.bcx.ins().global_value(fx.pointer_type, local_data_id);
     crate::pointer::Pointer::new(global_ptr)
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/debuginfo/line_info.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/debuginfo/line_info.rs
index 30ed356c762..8578ab33ced 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/debuginfo/line_info.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/debuginfo/line_info.rs
@@ -39,11 +39,11 @@ fn osstr_as_utf8_bytes(path: &OsStr) -> &[u8] {
     #[cfg(unix)]
     {
         use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;
-        return path.as_bytes();
+        path.as_bytes()
     }
     #[cfg(not(unix))]
     {
-        return path.to_str().unwrap().as_bytes();
+        path.to_str().unwrap().as_bytes()
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/driver/aot.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/driver/aot.rs
index b87dcc41928..ed3bdedddce 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/driver/aot.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/driver/aot.rs
@@ -119,11 +119,10 @@ fn module_codegen(
         tcx.sess.opts.debuginfo != DebugInfo::None,
     );
     super::predefine_mono_items(&mut cx, &mono_items);
-    for (mono_item, (linkage, visibility)) in mono_items {
-        let linkage = crate::linkage::get_clif_linkage(mono_item, linkage, visibility);
+    for (mono_item, _) in mono_items {
         match mono_item {
             MonoItem::Fn(inst) => {
-                cx.tcx.sess.time("codegen fn", || crate::base::codegen_fn(&mut cx, inst, linkage));
+                cx.tcx.sess.time("codegen fn", || crate::base::codegen_fn(&mut cx, inst));
             }
             MonoItem::Static(def_id) => {
                 crate::constant::codegen_static(&mut cx.constants_cx, def_id)
@@ -163,6 +162,21 @@ pub(super) fn run_aot(
     metadata: EncodedMetadata,
     need_metadata_module: bool,
 ) -> Box<(CodegenResults, FxHashMap<WorkProductId, WorkProduct>)> {
+    use rustc_span::symbol::sym;
+
+    let crate_attrs = tcx.hir().attrs(rustc_hir::CRATE_HIR_ID);
+    let subsystem = tcx.sess.first_attr_value_str_by_name(crate_attrs, sym::windows_subsystem);
+    let windows_subsystem = subsystem.map(|subsystem| {
+        if subsystem != sym::windows && subsystem != sym::console {
+            tcx.sess.fatal(&format!(
+                "invalid windows subsystem `{}`, only \
+                                    `windows` and `console` are allowed",
+                subsystem
+            ));
+        }
+        subsystem.to_string()
+    });
+
     let mut work_products = FxHashMap::default();
 
     let cgus = if tcx.sess.opts.output_types.should_codegen() {
@@ -280,7 +294,7 @@ pub(super) fn run_aot(
             allocator_module,
             metadata_module,
             metadata,
-            windows_subsystem: None, // Windows is not yet supported
+            windows_subsystem,
             linker_info: LinkerInfo::new(tcx),
             crate_info: CrateInfo::new(tcx),
         },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/driver/jit.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/driver/jit.rs
index 245df03ffb8..dbe1ff083f0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/driver/jit.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/driver/jit.rs
@@ -5,8 +5,10 @@ use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::ffi::CString;
 use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int};
 
+use cranelift_codegen::binemit::{NullStackMapSink, NullTrapSink};
 use rustc_codegen_ssa::CrateInfo;
 use rustc_middle::mir::mono::MonoItem;
+use rustc_session::config::EntryFnType;
 
 use cranelift_jit::{JITBuilder, JITModule};
 
@@ -28,20 +30,11 @@ pub(super) fn run_jit(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, backend_config: BackendConfig) -> ! {
     let mut jit_builder =
         JITBuilder::with_isa(crate::build_isa(tcx.sess), cranelift_module::default_libcall_names());
     jit_builder.hotswap(matches!(backend_config.codegen_mode, CodegenMode::JitLazy));
+    crate::compiler_builtins::register_functions_for_jit(&mut jit_builder);
     jit_builder.symbols(imported_symbols);
     let mut jit_module = JITModule::new(jit_builder);
     assert_eq!(pointer_ty(tcx), jit_module.target_config().pointer_type());
 
-    let sig = Signature {
-        params: vec![
-            AbiParam::new(jit_module.target_config().pointer_type()),
-            AbiParam::new(jit_module.target_config().pointer_type()),
-        ],
-        returns: vec![AbiParam::new(jit_module.target_config().pointer_type() /*isize*/)],
-        call_conv: CallConv::triple_default(&crate::target_triple(tcx.sess)),
-    };
-    let main_func_id = jit_module.declare_function("main", Linkage::Import, &sig).unwrap();
-
     let (_, cgus) = tcx.collect_and_partition_mono_items(LOCAL_CRATE);
     let mono_items = cgus
         .iter()
@@ -55,15 +48,12 @@ pub(super) fn run_jit(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, backend_config: BackendConfig) -> ! {
 
     super::time(tcx, "codegen mono items", || {
         super::predefine_mono_items(&mut cx, &mono_items);
-        for (mono_item, (linkage, visibility)) in mono_items {
-            let linkage = crate::linkage::get_clif_linkage(mono_item, linkage, visibility);
+        for (mono_item, _) in mono_items {
             match mono_item {
                 MonoItem::Fn(inst) => match backend_config.codegen_mode {
                     CodegenMode::Aot => unreachable!(),
                     CodegenMode::Jit => {
-                        cx.tcx
-                            .sess
-                            .time("codegen fn", || crate::base::codegen_fn(&mut cx, inst, linkage));
+                        cx.tcx.sess.time("codegen fn", || crate::base::codegen_fn(&mut cx, inst));
                     }
                     CodegenMode::JitLazy => codegen_shim(&mut cx, inst),
                 },
@@ -86,24 +76,17 @@ pub(super) fn run_jit(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, backend_config: BackendConfig) -> ! {
         tcx.sess.fatal("Inline asm is not supported in JIT mode");
     }
 
-    crate::main_shim::maybe_create_entry_wrapper(tcx, &mut jit_module, &mut unwind_context);
     crate::allocator::codegen(tcx, &mut jit_module, &mut unwind_context);
 
     tcx.sess.abort_if_errors();
 
     jit_module.finalize_definitions();
-
     let _unwind_register_guard = unsafe { unwind_context.register_jit(&jit_module) };
 
-    let finalized_main: *const u8 = jit_module.get_finalized_function(main_func_id);
-
     println!(
         "Rustc codegen cranelift will JIT run the executable, because -Cllvm-args=mode=jit was passed"
     );
 
-    let f: extern "C" fn(c_int, *const *const c_char) -> c_int =
-        unsafe { ::std::mem::transmute(finalized_main) };
-
     let args = ::std::env::var("CG_CLIF_JIT_ARGS").unwrap_or_else(|_| String::new());
     let args = std::iter::once(&*tcx.crate_name(LOCAL_CRATE).as_str().to_string())
         .chain(args.split(' '))
@@ -118,12 +101,58 @@ pub(super) fn run_jit(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, backend_config: BackendConfig) -> ! {
     BACKEND_CONFIG.with(|tls_backend_config| {
         assert!(tls_backend_config.borrow_mut().replace(backend_config).is_none())
     });
-    CURRENT_MODULE
-        .with(|current_module| assert!(current_module.borrow_mut().replace(jit_module).is_none()));
 
-    let ret = f(args.len() as c_int, argv.as_ptr());
+    let (main_def_id, entry_ty) = tcx.entry_fn(LOCAL_CRATE).unwrap();
+    let instance = Instance::mono(tcx, main_def_id.to_def_id()).polymorphize(tcx);
+
+    match entry_ty {
+        EntryFnType::Main => {
+            // FIXME set program arguments somehow
 
-    std::process::exit(ret);
+            let main_sig = Signature {
+                params: vec![],
+                returns: vec![],
+                call_conv: CallConv::triple_default(&crate::target_triple(tcx.sess)),
+            };
+            let main_func_id = jit_module
+                .declare_function(tcx.symbol_name(instance).name, Linkage::Import, &main_sig)
+                .unwrap();
+            let finalized_main: *const u8 = jit_module.get_finalized_function(main_func_id);
+
+            CURRENT_MODULE.with(|current_module| {
+                assert!(current_module.borrow_mut().replace(jit_module).is_none())
+            });
+
+            let f: extern "C" fn() = unsafe { ::std::mem::transmute(finalized_main) };
+            f();
+            std::process::exit(0);
+        }
+        EntryFnType::Start => {
+            let start_sig = Signature {
+                params: vec![
+                    AbiParam::new(jit_module.target_config().pointer_type()),
+                    AbiParam::new(jit_module.target_config().pointer_type()),
+                ],
+                returns: vec![AbiParam::new(
+                    jit_module.target_config().pointer_type(), /*isize*/
+                )],
+                call_conv: CallConv::triple_default(&crate::target_triple(tcx.sess)),
+            };
+            let start_func_id = jit_module
+                .declare_function(tcx.symbol_name(instance).name, Linkage::Import, &start_sig)
+                .unwrap();
+            let finalized_start: *const u8 = jit_module.get_finalized_function(start_func_id);
+
+            CURRENT_MODULE.with(|current_module| {
+                assert!(current_module.borrow_mut().replace(jit_module).is_none())
+            });
+
+            let f: extern "C" fn(c_int, *const *const c_char) -> c_int =
+                unsafe { ::std::mem::transmute(finalized_start) };
+            let ret = f(args.len() as c_int, argv.as_ptr());
+            std::process::exit(ret);
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 #[no_mangle]
@@ -144,8 +173,7 @@ extern "C" fn __clif_jit_fn(instance_ptr: *const Instance<'static>) -> *const u8
             jit_module.prepare_for_function_redefine(func_id).unwrap();
 
             let mut cx = crate::CodegenCx::new(tcx, backend_config, jit_module, false);
-            tcx.sess
-                .time("codegen fn", || crate::base::codegen_fn(&mut cx, instance, Linkage::Export));
+            tcx.sess.time("codegen fn", || crate::base::codegen_fn(&mut cx, instance));
 
             let (global_asm, _debug_context, unwind_context) = cx.finalize();
             assert!(global_asm.is_empty());
@@ -220,7 +248,7 @@ fn load_imported_symbols_for_jit(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>) -> Vec<(String, *const u8)> {
     imported_symbols
 }
 
-pub(super) fn codegen_shim<'tcx>(cx: &mut CodegenCx<'_, 'tcx>, inst: Instance<'tcx>) {
+fn codegen_shim<'tcx>(cx: &mut CodegenCx<'_, 'tcx>, inst: Instance<'tcx>) {
     let tcx = cx.tcx;
 
     let pointer_type = cx.module.target_config().pointer_type();
@@ -267,7 +295,8 @@ pub(super) fn codegen_shim<'tcx>(cx: &mut CodegenCx<'_, 'tcx>, inst: Instance<'t
         .define_function(
             func_id,
             &mut Context::for_function(trampoline),
-            &mut cranelift_codegen::binemit::NullTrapSink {},
+            &mut NullTrapSink {},
+            &mut NullStackMapSink {},
         )
         .unwrap();
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/driver/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/driver/mod.rs
index b994f28ffef..d49182a07b7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/driver/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/driver/mod.rs
@@ -44,13 +44,19 @@ fn predefine_mono_items<'tcx>(
     mono_items: &[(MonoItem<'tcx>, (RLinkage, Visibility))],
 ) {
     cx.tcx.sess.time("predefine functions", || {
+        let is_compiler_builtins = cx.tcx.is_compiler_builtins(LOCAL_CRATE);
         for &(mono_item, (linkage, visibility)) in mono_items {
             match mono_item {
                 MonoItem::Fn(instance) => {
                     let name = cx.tcx.symbol_name(instance).name.to_string();
                     let _inst_guard = crate::PrintOnPanic(|| format!("{:?} {}", instance, name));
                     let sig = get_function_sig(cx.tcx, cx.module.isa().triple(), instance);
-                    let linkage = crate::linkage::get_clif_linkage(mono_item, linkage, visibility);
+                    let linkage = crate::linkage::get_clif_linkage(
+                        mono_item,
+                        linkage,
+                        visibility,
+                        is_compiler_builtins,
+                    );
                     cx.module.declare_function(&name, linkage, &sig).unwrap();
                 }
                 MonoItem::Static(_) | MonoItem::GlobalAsm(_) => {}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/inline_asm.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/inline_asm.rs
index 5b3df2bd382..1fb5e86aed7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/inline_asm.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/inline_asm.rs
@@ -20,6 +20,10 @@ pub(crate) fn codegen_inline_asm<'tcx>(
     if template.is_empty() {
         // Black box
         return;
+    } else if template[0] == InlineAsmTemplatePiece::String("int $$0x29".to_string()) {
+        let true_ = fx.bcx.ins().iconst(types::I32, 1);
+        fx.bcx.ins().trapnz(true_, TrapCode::User(1));
+        return;
     }
 
     let mut slot_size = Size::from_bytes(0);
@@ -193,8 +197,9 @@ fn call_inline_asm<'tcx>(
         offset: None,
         size: u32::try_from(slot_size.bytes()).unwrap(),
     });
-    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
-    fx.add_comment(stack_slot, "inline asm scratch slot");
+    if fx.clif_comments.enabled() {
+        fx.add_comment(stack_slot, "inline asm scratch slot");
+    }
 
     let inline_asm_func = fx
         .cx
@@ -210,8 +215,9 @@ fn call_inline_asm<'tcx>(
         )
         .unwrap();
     let inline_asm_func = fx.cx.module.declare_func_in_func(inline_asm_func, &mut fx.bcx.func);
-    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
-    fx.add_comment(inline_asm_func, asm_name);
+    if fx.clif_comments.enabled() {
+        fx.add_comment(inline_asm_func, asm_name);
+    }
 
     for (_reg, offset, value) in inputs {
         fx.bcx.ins().stack_store(value, stack_slot, i32::try_from(offset.bytes()).unwrap());
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/intrinsics/simd.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/intrinsics/simd.rs
index 86df71a0dfc..c7ce32b385e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/intrinsics/simd.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/intrinsics/simd.rs
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ pub(super) fn codegen_simd_intrinsic_call<'tcx>(
                 let idx_bytes = match idx_const {
                     ConstValue::ByRef { alloc, offset } => {
                         let ptr = Pointer::new(AllocId(0 /* dummy */), offset);
-                        let size = Size::from_bytes(4 * u64::from(ret_lane_count) /* size_of([u32; ret_lane_count]) */);
+                        let size = Size::from_bytes(4 * ret_lane_count /* size_of([u32; ret_lane_count]) */);
                         alloc.get_bytes(fx, ptr, size).unwrap()
                     }
                     _ => unreachable!("{:?}", idx_const),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/lib.rs
index 8edb883ccb5..720d2a12534 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,13 +1,4 @@
-#![feature(
-    rustc_private,
-    decl_macro,
-    type_alias_impl_trait,
-    associated_type_bounds,
-    never_type,
-    try_blocks,
-    box_patterns,
-    hash_drain_filter
-)]
+#![feature(rustc_private, decl_macro, never_type, hash_drain_filter)]
 #![warn(rust_2018_idioms)]
 #![warn(unused_lifetimes)]
 #![warn(unreachable_pub)]
@@ -57,6 +48,7 @@ mod base;
 mod cast;
 mod codegen_i128;
 mod common;
+mod compiler_builtins;
 mod constant;
 mod debuginfo;
 mod discriminant;
@@ -224,8 +216,10 @@ pub struct CraneliftCodegenBackend {
 
 impl CodegenBackend for CraneliftCodegenBackend {
     fn init(&self, sess: &Session) {
-        if sess.lto() != rustc_session::config::Lto::No && sess.opts.cg.embed_bitcode {
-            sess.warn("LTO is not supported. You may get a linker error.");
+        use rustc_session::config::Lto;
+        match sess.lto() {
+            Lto::No | Lto::ThinLocal => {}
+            Lto::Thin | Lto::Fat => sess.warn("LTO is not supported. You may get a linker error."),
         }
     }
 
@@ -240,9 +234,9 @@ impl CodegenBackend for CraneliftCodegenBackend {
         vec![]
     }
 
-    fn codegen_crate<'tcx>(
+    fn codegen_crate(
         &self,
-        tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+        tcx: TyCtxt<'_>,
         metadata: EncodedMetadata,
         need_metadata_module: bool,
     ) -> Box<dyn Any> {
@@ -252,9 +246,7 @@ impl CodegenBackend for CraneliftCodegenBackend {
             BackendConfig::from_opts(&tcx.sess.opts.cg.llvm_args)
                 .unwrap_or_else(|err| tcx.sess.fatal(&err))
         };
-        let res = driver::codegen_crate(tcx, metadata, need_metadata_module, config);
-
-        res
+        driver::codegen_crate(tcx, metadata, need_metadata_module, config)
     }
 
     fn join_codegen(
@@ -300,9 +292,9 @@ fn build_isa(sess: &Session) -> Box<dyn isa::TargetIsa + 'static> {
     let mut flags_builder = settings::builder();
     flags_builder.enable("is_pic").unwrap();
     flags_builder.set("enable_probestack", "false").unwrap(); // __cranelift_probestack is not provided
-    flags_builder
-        .set("enable_verifier", if cfg!(debug_assertions) { "true" } else { "false" })
-        .unwrap();
+    let enable_verifier =
+        cfg!(debug_assertions) || std::env::var("CG_CLIF_ENABLE_VERIFIER").is_ok();
+    flags_builder.set("enable_verifier", if enable_verifier { "true" } else { "false" }).unwrap();
 
     let tls_model = match target_triple.binary_format {
         BinaryFormat::Elf => "elf_gd",
@@ -314,18 +306,17 @@ fn build_isa(sess: &Session) -> Box<dyn isa::TargetIsa + 'static> {
 
     flags_builder.set("enable_simd", "true").unwrap();
 
+    flags_builder.set("enable_llvm_abi_extensions", "true").unwrap();
+
     use rustc_session::config::OptLevel;
     match sess.opts.optimize {
         OptLevel::No => {
             flags_builder.set("opt_level", "none").unwrap();
         }
         OptLevel::Less | OptLevel::Default => {}
-        OptLevel::Aggressive => {
+        OptLevel::Size | OptLevel::SizeMin | OptLevel::Aggressive => {
             flags_builder.set("opt_level", "speed_and_size").unwrap();
         }
-        OptLevel::Size | OptLevel::SizeMin => {
-            sess.warn("Optimizing for size is not supported. Just ignoring the request");
-        }
     }
 
     let flags = settings::Flags::new(flags_builder);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/linkage.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/linkage.rs
index dc1e2107ce7..a564a59f725 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/linkage.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/linkage.rs
@@ -6,8 +6,10 @@ pub(crate) fn get_clif_linkage(
     mono_item: MonoItem<'_>,
     linkage: RLinkage,
     visibility: Visibility,
+    is_compiler_builtins: bool,
 ) -> Linkage {
     match (linkage, visibility) {
+        (RLinkage::External, Visibility::Default) if is_compiler_builtins => Linkage::Hidden,
         (RLinkage::External, Visibility::Default) => Linkage::Export,
         (RLinkage::Internal, Visibility::Default) => Linkage::Local,
         (RLinkage::External, Visibility::Hidden) => Linkage::Hidden,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/main_shim.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/main_shim.rs
index 62e551b186f..a6266f50776 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/main_shim.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/main_shim.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+use cranelift_codegen::binemit::{NullStackMapSink, NullTrapSink};
 use rustc_hir::LangItem;
 use rustc_session::config::EntryFnType;
 
@@ -100,12 +101,8 @@ pub(crate) fn maybe_create_entry_wrapper(
             bcx.seal_all_blocks();
             bcx.finalize();
         }
-        m.define_function(
-            cmain_func_id,
-            &mut ctx,
-            &mut cranelift_codegen::binemit::NullTrapSink {},
-        )
-        .unwrap();
+        m.define_function(cmain_func_id, &mut ctx, &mut NullTrapSink {}, &mut NullStackMapSink {})
+            .unwrap();
         unwind_context.add_function(cmain_func_id, &ctx, m.isa());
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/metadata.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/metadata.rs
index 190c4f45cca..c5189c972cd 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/metadata.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/metadata.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 //! Reading and writing of the rustc metadata for rlibs and dylibs
 
-use std::convert::TryFrom;
 use std::fs::File;
+use std::ops::Deref;
 use std::path::Path;
 
 use rustc_codegen_ssa::METADATA_FILENAME;
-use rustc_data_structures::owning_ref::OwningRef;
+use rustc_data_structures::owning_ref::{OwningRef, StableAddress};
 use rustc_data_structures::rustc_erase_owner;
 use rustc_data_structures::sync::MetadataRef;
 use rustc_middle::middle::cstore::{EncodedMetadata, MetadataLoader};
@@ -17,38 +17,56 @@ use crate::backend::WriteMetadata;
 
 pub(crate) struct CraneliftMetadataLoader;
 
+struct StableMmap(memmap2::Mmap);
+
+impl Deref for StableMmap {
+    type Target = [u8];
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        &*self.0
+    }
+}
+
+unsafe impl StableAddress for StableMmap {}
+
+fn load_metadata_with(
+    path: &Path,
+    f: impl for<'a> FnOnce(&'a [u8]) -> Result<&'a [u8], String>,
+) -> Result<MetadataRef, String> {
+    let file = File::open(path).map_err(|e| format!("{:?}", e))?;
+    let data = unsafe { memmap2::MmapOptions::new().map_copy_read_only(&file) }
+        .map_err(|e| format!("{:?}", e))?;
+    let metadata = OwningRef::new(StableMmap(data)).try_map(f)?;
+    return Ok(rustc_erase_owner!(metadata.map_owner_box()));
+}
+
 impl MetadataLoader for CraneliftMetadataLoader {
     fn get_rlib_metadata(&self, _target: &Target, path: &Path) -> Result<MetadataRef, String> {
-        let mut archive = ar::Archive::new(File::open(path).map_err(|e| format!("{:?}", e))?);
-        // Iterate over all entries in the archive:
-        while let Some(entry_result) = archive.next_entry() {
-            let mut entry = entry_result.map_err(|e| format!("{:?}", e))?;
-            if entry.header().identifier() == METADATA_FILENAME.as_bytes() {
-                let mut buf = Vec::with_capacity(
-                    usize::try_from(entry.header().size())
-                        .expect("Rlib metadata file too big to load into memory."),
-                );
-                ::std::io::copy(&mut entry, &mut buf).map_err(|e| format!("{:?}", e))?;
-                let buf: OwningRef<Vec<u8>, [u8]> = OwningRef::new(buf);
-                return Ok(rustc_erase_owner!(buf.map_owner_box()));
+        load_metadata_with(path, |data| {
+            let archive = object::read::archive::ArchiveFile::parse(&*data)
+                .map_err(|e| format!("{:?}", e))?;
+
+            for entry_result in archive.members() {
+                let entry = entry_result.map_err(|e| format!("{:?}", e))?;
+                if entry.name() == METADATA_FILENAME.as_bytes() {
+                    return Ok(entry.data());
+                }
             }
-        }
 
-        Err("couldn't find metadata entry".to_string())
+            Err("couldn't find metadata entry".to_string())
+        })
     }
 
     fn get_dylib_metadata(&self, _target: &Target, path: &Path) -> Result<MetadataRef, String> {
         use object::{Object, ObjectSection};
-        let file = std::fs::read(path).map_err(|e| format!("read:{:?}", e))?;
-        let file = object::File::parse(&file).map_err(|e| format!("parse: {:?}", e))?;
-        let buf = file
-            .section_by_name(".rustc")
-            .ok_or("no .rustc section")?
-            .data()
-            .map_err(|e| format!("failed to read .rustc section: {:?}", e))?
-            .to_owned();
-        let buf: OwningRef<Vec<u8>, [u8]> = OwningRef::new(buf);
-        Ok(rustc_erase_owner!(buf.map_owner_box()))
+
+        load_metadata_with(path, |data| {
+            let file = object::File::parse(&data).map_err(|e| format!("parse: {:?}", e))?;
+            file.section_by_name(".rustc")
+                .ok_or("no .rustc section")?
+                .data()
+                .map_err(|e| format!("failed to read .rustc section: {:?}", e))
+        })
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/num.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/num.rs
index da49e1c6c91..2ebf30da2d8 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/num.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/num.rs
@@ -166,13 +166,11 @@ pub(crate) fn codegen_int_binop<'tcx>(
         BinOp::Shl => {
             let lhs_ty = fx.bcx.func.dfg.value_type(lhs);
             let actual_shift = fx.bcx.ins().band_imm(rhs, i64::from(lhs_ty.bits() - 1));
-            let actual_shift = clif_intcast(fx, actual_shift, types::I8, false);
             fx.bcx.ins().ishl(lhs, actual_shift)
         }
         BinOp::Shr => {
             let lhs_ty = fx.bcx.func.dfg.value_type(lhs);
             let actual_shift = fx.bcx.ins().band_imm(rhs, i64::from(lhs_ty.bits() - 1));
-            let actual_shift = clif_intcast(fx, actual_shift, types::I8, false);
             if signed {
                 fx.bcx.ins().sshr(lhs, actual_shift)
             } else {
@@ -387,7 +385,7 @@ pub(crate) fn codegen_ptr_binop<'tcx>(
                 let lhs = in_lhs.load_scalar(fx);
                 let rhs = in_rhs.load_scalar(fx);
 
-                return codegen_compare_bin_op(fx, bin_op, false, lhs, rhs);
+                codegen_compare_bin_op(fx, bin_op, false, lhs, rhs)
             }
             BinOp::Offset => {
                 let pointee_ty = in_lhs.layout().ty.builtin_deref(true).unwrap().ty;
@@ -396,10 +394,10 @@ pub(crate) fn codegen_ptr_binop<'tcx>(
                 let ptr_diff = fx.bcx.ins().imul_imm(offset, pointee_size as i64);
                 let base_val = base.load_scalar(fx);
                 let res = fx.bcx.ins().iadd(base_val, ptr_diff);
-                return CValue::by_val(res, base.layout());
+                CValue::by_val(res, base.layout())
             }
             _ => unreachable!("{:?}({:?}, {:?})", bin_op, in_lhs, in_rhs),
-        };
+        }
     } else {
         let (lhs_ptr, lhs_extra) = in_lhs.load_scalar_pair(fx);
         let (rhs_ptr, rhs_extra) = in_rhs.load_scalar_pair(fx);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/optimize/stack2reg.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/optimize/stack2reg.rs
index d111f37f5e4..8bb02a3e558 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/optimize/stack2reg.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/optimize/stack2reg.rs
@@ -181,7 +181,6 @@ impl<'a> OptimizeContext<'a> {
 
 pub(super) fn optimize_function(
     ctx: &mut Context,
-    #[cfg_attr(not(debug_assertions), allow(unused_variables))]
     clif_comments: &mut crate::pretty_clif::CommentWriter,
 ) {
     combine_stack_addr_with_load_store(&mut ctx.func);
@@ -192,8 +191,7 @@ pub(super) fn optimize_function(
 
     remove_unused_stack_addr_and_stack_load(&mut opt_ctx);
 
-    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
-    {
+    if clif_comments.enabled() {
         for (&OrdStackSlot(stack_slot), usage) in &opt_ctx.stack_slot_usage_map {
             clif_comments.add_comment(stack_slot, format!("used by: {:?}", usage));
         }
@@ -209,25 +207,27 @@ pub(super) fn optimize_function(
         for load in users.stack_load.clone().into_iter() {
             let potential_stores = users.potential_stores_for_load(&opt_ctx.ctx, load);
 
-            #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
-            for &store in &potential_stores {
-                clif_comments.add_comment(
-                    load,
-                    format!(
-                        "Potential store -> load forwarding {} -> {} ({:?}, {:?})",
-                        opt_ctx.ctx.func.dfg.display_inst(store, None),
-                        opt_ctx.ctx.func.dfg.display_inst(load, None),
-                        spatial_overlap(&opt_ctx.ctx.func, store, load),
-                        temporal_order(&opt_ctx.ctx, store, load),
-                    ),
-                );
+            if clif_comments.enabled() {
+                for &store in &potential_stores {
+                    clif_comments.add_comment(
+                        load,
+                        format!(
+                            "Potential store -> load forwarding {} -> {} ({:?}, {:?})",
+                            opt_ctx.ctx.func.dfg.display_inst(store, None),
+                            opt_ctx.ctx.func.dfg.display_inst(load, None),
+                            spatial_overlap(&opt_ctx.ctx.func, store, load),
+                            temporal_order(&opt_ctx.ctx, store, load),
+                        ),
+                    );
+                }
             }
 
             match *potential_stores {
                 [] => {
-                    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
-                    clif_comments
-                        .add_comment(load, "[BUG?] Reading uninitialized memory".to_string());
+                    if clif_comments.enabled() {
+                        clif_comments
+                            .add_comment(load, "[BUG?] Reading uninitialized memory".to_string());
+                    }
                 }
                 [store]
                     if spatial_overlap(&opt_ctx.ctx.func, store, load) == SpatialOverlap::Full
@@ -237,9 +237,12 @@ pub(super) fn optimize_function(
                     // Only one store could have been the origin of the value.
                     let stored_value = opt_ctx.ctx.func.dfg.inst_args(store)[0];
 
-                    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
-                    clif_comments
-                        .add_comment(load, format!("Store to load forward {} -> {}", store, load));
+                    if clif_comments.enabled() {
+                        clif_comments.add_comment(
+                            load,
+                            format!("Store to load forward {} -> {}", store, load),
+                        );
+                    }
 
                     users.change_load_to_alias(&mut opt_ctx.ctx.func, load, stored_value);
                 }
@@ -250,33 +253,35 @@ pub(super) fn optimize_function(
         for store in users.stack_store.clone().into_iter() {
             let potential_loads = users.potential_loads_of_store(&opt_ctx.ctx, store);
 
-            #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
-            for &load in &potential_loads {
-                clif_comments.add_comment(
-                    store,
-                    format!(
-                        "Potential load from store {} <- {} ({:?}, {:?})",
-                        opt_ctx.ctx.func.dfg.display_inst(load, None),
-                        opt_ctx.ctx.func.dfg.display_inst(store, None),
-                        spatial_overlap(&opt_ctx.ctx.func, store, load),
-                        temporal_order(&opt_ctx.ctx, store, load),
-                    ),
-                );
+            if clif_comments.enabled() {
+                for &load in &potential_loads {
+                    clif_comments.add_comment(
+                        store,
+                        format!(
+                            "Potential load from store {} <- {} ({:?}, {:?})",
+                            opt_ctx.ctx.func.dfg.display_inst(load, None),
+                            opt_ctx.ctx.func.dfg.display_inst(store, None),
+                            spatial_overlap(&opt_ctx.ctx.func, store, load),
+                            temporal_order(&opt_ctx.ctx, store, load),
+                        ),
+                    );
+                }
             }
 
             if potential_loads.is_empty() {
                 // Never loaded; can safely remove all stores and the stack slot.
                 // FIXME also remove stores when there is always a next store before a load.
 
-                #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
-                clif_comments.add_comment(
-                    store,
-                    format!(
-                        "Remove dead stack store {} of {}",
-                        opt_ctx.ctx.func.dfg.display_inst(store, None),
-                        stack_slot.0
-                    ),
-                );
+                if clif_comments.enabled() {
+                    clif_comments.add_comment(
+                        store,
+                        format!(
+                            "Remove dead stack store {} of {}",
+                            opt_ctx.ctx.func.dfg.display_inst(store, None),
+                            stack_slot.0
+                        ),
+                    );
+                }
 
                 users.remove_dead_store(&mut opt_ctx.ctx.func, store);
             }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/pointer.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/pointer.rs
index 88a78f3214d..31d827f83bf 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/pointer.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/pointer.rs
@@ -39,8 +39,7 @@ impl Pointer {
         Pointer { base: PointerBase::Dangling(align), offset: Offset32::new(0) }
     }
 
-    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
-    pub(crate) fn base_and_offset(self) -> (PointerBase, Offset32) {
+    pub(crate) fn debug_base_and_offset(self) -> (PointerBase, Offset32) {
         (self.base, self.offset)
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/pretty_clif.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/pretty_clif.rs
index 9c91b92e515..d22ea3772ee 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/pretty_clif.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/pretty_clif.rs
@@ -69,13 +69,15 @@ use crate::prelude::*;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub(crate) struct CommentWriter {
+    enabled: bool,
     global_comments: Vec<String>,
     entity_comments: FxHashMap<AnyEntity, String>,
 }
 
 impl CommentWriter {
     pub(crate) fn new<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, instance: Instance<'tcx>) -> Self {
-        let global_comments = if cfg!(debug_assertions) {
+        let enabled = should_write_ir(tcx);
+        let global_comments = if enabled {
             vec![
                 format!("symbol {}", tcx.symbol_name(instance).name),
                 format!("instance {:?}", instance),
@@ -86,13 +88,17 @@ impl CommentWriter {
             vec![]
         };
 
-        CommentWriter { global_comments, entity_comments: FxHashMap::default() }
+        CommentWriter { enabled, global_comments, entity_comments: FxHashMap::default() }
     }
 }
 
-#[cfg(debug_assertions)]
 impl CommentWriter {
+    pub(crate) fn enabled(&self) -> bool {
+        self.enabled
+    }
+
     pub(crate) fn add_global_comment<S: Into<String>>(&mut self, comment: S) {
+        debug_assert!(self.enabled);
         self.global_comments.push(comment.into());
     }
 
@@ -101,6 +107,8 @@ impl CommentWriter {
         entity: E,
         comment: S,
     ) {
+        debug_assert!(self.enabled);
+
         use std::collections::hash_map::Entry;
         match self.entity_comments.entry(entity.into()) {
             Entry::Occupied(mut occ) => {
@@ -179,7 +187,6 @@ impl FuncWriter for &'_ CommentWriter {
     }
 }
 
-#[cfg(debug_assertions)]
 impl FunctionCx<'_, '_, '_> {
     pub(crate) fn add_global_comment<S: Into<String>>(&mut self, comment: S) {
         self.clif_comments.add_global_comment(comment);
@@ -198,8 +205,8 @@ pub(crate) fn should_write_ir(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>) -> bool {
     tcx.sess.opts.output_types.contains_key(&OutputType::LlvmAssembly)
 }
 
-pub(crate) fn write_ir_file<'tcx>(
-    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+pub(crate) fn write_ir_file(
+    tcx: TyCtxt<'_>,
     name: &str,
     write: impl FnOnce(&mut dyn Write) -> std::io::Result<()>,
 ) {
@@ -217,10 +224,7 @@ pub(crate) fn write_ir_file<'tcx>(
 
     let clif_file_name = clif_output_dir.join(name);
 
-    let res: std::io::Result<()> = try {
-        let mut file = std::fs::File::create(clif_file_name)?;
-        write(&mut file)?;
-    };
+    let res = std::fs::File::create(clif_file_name).and_then(|mut file| write(&mut file));
     if let Err(err) = res {
         tcx.sess.warn(&format!("error writing ir file: {}", err));
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/trap.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/trap.rs
index bb63d72addf..1ab0703e981 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/trap.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/trap.rs
@@ -17,8 +17,7 @@ fn codegen_print(fx: &mut FunctionCx<'_, '_, '_>, msg: &str) {
         )
         .unwrap();
     let puts = fx.cx.module.declare_func_in_func(puts, &mut fx.bcx.func);
-    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
-    {
+    if fx.clif_comments.enabled() {
         fx.add_comment(puts, "puts");
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/value_and_place.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/value_and_place.rs
index cffaf79ded1..b97d3900984 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/value_and_place.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/value_and_place.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 use crate::prelude::*;
 
-use cranelift_codegen::entity::EntityRef;
 use cranelift_codegen::ir::immediates::Offset32;
 
 fn codegen_field<'tcx>(
@@ -414,7 +413,7 @@ impl<'tcx> CPlace<'tcx> {
         self,
         fx: &mut FunctionCx<'_, '_, 'tcx>,
         from: CValue<'tcx>,
-        #[cfg_attr(not(debug_assertions), allow(unused_variables))] method: &'static str,
+        method: &'static str,
     ) {
         fn transmute_value<'tcx>(
             fx: &mut FunctionCx<'_, '_, 'tcx>,
@@ -462,8 +461,7 @@ impl<'tcx> CPlace<'tcx> {
 
         assert_eq!(self.layout().size, from.layout().size);
 
-        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
-        {
+        if fx.clif_comments.enabled() {
             use cranelift_codegen::cursor::{Cursor, CursorPosition};
             let cur_block = match fx.bcx.cursor().position() {
                 CursorPosition::After(block) => block,
@@ -707,6 +705,19 @@ pub(crate) fn assert_assignable<'tcx>(
             }
             // dyn for<'r> Trait<'r> -> dyn Trait<'_> is allowed
         }
+        (&ty::Adt(adt_def_a, substs_a), &ty::Adt(adt_def_b, substs_b))
+            if adt_def_a.did == adt_def_b.did =>
+        {
+            let mut types_a = substs_a.types();
+            let mut types_b = substs_b.types();
+            loop {
+                match (types_a.next(), types_b.next()) {
+                    (Some(a), Some(b)) => assert_assignable(fx, a, b),
+                    (None, None) => return,
+                    (Some(_), None) | (None, Some(_)) => panic!("{:#?}/{:#?}", from_ty, to_ty),
+                }
+            }
+        }
         _ => {
             assert_eq!(
                 from_ty, to_ty,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/lto.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/lto.rs
index 5effe687528..4226ed7d99b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/lto.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/lto.rs
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ use tracing::{debug, info};
 use std::ffi::{CStr, CString};
 use std::fs::File;
 use std::io;
+use std::iter;
 use std::path::Path;
 use std::ptr;
 use std::slice;
@@ -916,9 +917,7 @@ impl ThinLTOKeysMap {
         modules: &[llvm::ThinLTOModule],
         names: &[CString],
     ) -> Self {
-        let keys = modules
-            .iter()
-            .zip(names.iter())
+        let keys = iter::zip(modules, names)
             .map(|(module, name)| {
                 let key = build_string(|rust_str| unsafe {
                     llvm::LLVMRustComputeLTOCacheKey(rust_str, module.identifier, data.0);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/write.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/write.rs
index 388dd7ce81b..085935b94df 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/write.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/write.rs
@@ -548,6 +548,15 @@ pub(crate) unsafe fn optimize(
                     llvm::LLVMRustAddPass(fpm, find_pass("lint").unwrap());
                     continue;
                 }
+                if pass_name == "insert-gcov-profiling" || pass_name == "instrprof" {
+                    // Instrumentation must be inserted before optimization,
+                    // otherwise LLVM may optimize some functions away which
+                    // breaks llvm-cov.
+                    //
+                    // This mirrors what Clang does in lib/CodeGen/BackendUtil.cpp.
+                    llvm::LLVMRustAddPass(mpm, find_pass(pass_name).unwrap());
+                    continue;
+                }
 
                 if let Some(pass) = find_pass(pass_name) {
                     extra_passes.push(pass);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/builder.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/builder.rs
index f4852c91e53..896e56a9a1e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/builder.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/builder.rs
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ use rustc_target::abi::{self, Align, Size};
 use rustc_target::spec::{HasTargetSpec, Target};
 use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::ffi::CStr;
+use std::iter;
 use std::ops::{Deref, Range};
 use std::ptr;
 use tracing::debug;
@@ -1352,18 +1353,14 @@ impl Builder<'a, 'll, 'tcx> {
 
         let param_tys = self.cx.func_params_types(fn_ty);
 
-        let all_args_match = param_tys
-            .iter()
-            .zip(args.iter().map(|&v| self.val_ty(v)))
+        let all_args_match = iter::zip(&param_tys, args.iter().map(|&v| self.val_ty(v)))
             .all(|(expected_ty, actual_ty)| *expected_ty == actual_ty);
 
         if all_args_match {
             return Cow::Borrowed(args);
         }
 
-        let casted_args: Vec<_> = param_tys
-            .into_iter()
-            .zip(args.iter())
+        let casted_args: Vec<_> = iter::zip(param_tys, args)
             .enumerate()
             .map(|(i, (expected_ty, &actual_val))| {
                 let actual_ty = self.val_ty(actual_val);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/metadata.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/metadata.rs
index d5b32e58cc3..d90e93f116c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/metadata.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/metadata.rs
@@ -1962,9 +1962,7 @@ fn prepare_enum_metadata(
 
     let discriminant_type_metadata = |discr: Primitive| {
         let enumerators_metadata: Vec<_> = match enum_type.kind() {
-            ty::Adt(def, _) => def
-                .discriminants(tcx)
-                .zip(&def.variants)
+            ty::Adt(def, _) => iter::zip(def.discriminants(tcx), &def.variants)
                 .map(|((_, discr), v)| {
                     let name = v.ident.as_str();
                     let is_unsigned = match discr.ty.kind() {
@@ -2336,9 +2334,7 @@ fn compute_type_parameters(cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, 'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> &'ll DIAr
         if substs.types().next().is_some() {
             let generics = cx.tcx.generics_of(def.did);
             let names = get_parameter_names(cx, generics);
-            let template_params: Vec<_> = substs
-                .iter()
-                .zip(names)
+            let template_params: Vec<_> = iter::zip(substs, names)
                 .filter_map(|(kind, name)| {
                     if let GenericArgKind::Type(ty) = kind.unpack() {
                         let actual_type =
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/mod.rs
index abb87cb3656..e157a38aa03 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/mod.rs
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ use rustc_target::abi::{LayoutOf, Primitive, Size};
 use libc::c_uint;
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
 use std::cell::RefCell;
+use std::iter;
 use tracing::debug;
 
 mod create_scope_map;
@@ -448,9 +449,7 @@ impl DebugInfoMethods<'tcx> for CodegenCx<'ll, 'tcx> {
             // Again, only create type information if full debuginfo is enabled
             let template_params: Vec<_> = if cx.sess().opts.debuginfo == DebugInfo::Full {
                 let names = get_parameter_names(cx, generics);
-                substs
-                    .iter()
-                    .zip(names)
+                iter::zip(substs, names)
                     .filter_map(|(kind, name)| {
                         if let GenericArgKind::Type(ty) = kind.unpack() {
                             let actual_type =
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/lib.rs
index de7f5fc6e29..5ca4b226c38 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/lib.rs
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #![feature(extended_key_value_attributes)]
 #![feature(extern_types)]
 #![feature(in_band_lifetimes)]
+#![feature(iter_zip)]
 #![feature(nll)]
 #![cfg_attr(bootstrap, feature(or_patterns))]
 #![recursion_limit = "256"]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm/ffi.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm/ffi.rs
index 82cd1be3b3b..af9d3d2dc26 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm/ffi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm/ffi.rs
@@ -190,33 +190,6 @@ pub enum RealPredicate {
     RealPredicateTrue = 15,
 }
 
-impl RealPredicate {
-    pub fn from_generic(realpred: rustc_codegen_ssa::common::RealPredicate) -> Self {
-        match realpred {
-            rustc_codegen_ssa::common::RealPredicate::RealPredicateFalse => {
-                RealPredicate::RealPredicateFalse
-            }
-            rustc_codegen_ssa::common::RealPredicate::RealOEQ => RealPredicate::RealOEQ,
-            rustc_codegen_ssa::common::RealPredicate::RealOGT => RealPredicate::RealOGT,
-            rustc_codegen_ssa::common::RealPredicate::RealOGE => RealPredicate::RealOGE,
-            rustc_codegen_ssa::common::RealPredicate::RealOLT => RealPredicate::RealOLT,
-            rustc_codegen_ssa::common::RealPredicate::RealOLE => RealPredicate::RealOLE,
-            rustc_codegen_ssa::common::RealPredicate::RealONE => RealPredicate::RealONE,
-            rustc_codegen_ssa::common::RealPredicate::RealORD => RealPredicate::RealORD,
-            rustc_codegen_ssa::common::RealPredicate::RealUNO => RealPredicate::RealUNO,
-            rustc_codegen_ssa::common::RealPredicate::RealUEQ => RealPredicate::RealUEQ,
-            rustc_codegen_ssa::common::RealPredicate::RealUGT => RealPredicate::RealUGT,
-            rustc_codegen_ssa::common::RealPredicate::RealUGE => RealPredicate::RealUGE,
-            rustc_codegen_ssa::common::RealPredicate::RealULT => RealPredicate::RealULT,
-            rustc_codegen_ssa::common::RealPredicate::RealULE => RealPredicate::RealULE,
-            rustc_codegen_ssa::common::RealPredicate::RealUNE => RealPredicate::RealUNE,
-            rustc_codegen_ssa::common::RealPredicate::RealPredicateTrue => {
-                RealPredicate::RealPredicateTrue
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 /// LLVMTypeKind
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Debug)]
 #[repr(C)]
@@ -711,7 +684,7 @@ pub mod coverageinfo {
     }
 
     impl CounterMappingRegion {
-        pub fn code_region(
+        crate fn code_region(
             counter: coverage_map::Counter,
             file_id: u32,
             start_line: u32,
@@ -731,7 +704,10 @@ pub mod coverageinfo {
             }
         }
 
-        pub fn expansion_region(
+        // This function might be used in the future; the LLVM API is still evolving, as is coverage
+        // support.
+        #[allow(dead_code)]
+        crate fn expansion_region(
             file_id: u32,
             expanded_file_id: u32,
             start_line: u32,
@@ -751,7 +727,10 @@ pub mod coverageinfo {
             }
         }
 
-        pub fn skipped_region(
+        // This function might be used in the future; the LLVM API is still evolving, as is coverage
+        // support.
+        #[allow(dead_code)]
+        crate fn skipped_region(
             file_id: u32,
             start_line: u32,
             start_col: u32,
@@ -770,7 +749,10 @@ pub mod coverageinfo {
             }
         }
 
-        pub fn gap_region(
+        // This function might be used in the future; the LLVM API is still evolving, as is coverage
+        // support.
+        #[allow(dead_code)]
+        crate fn gap_region(
             counter: coverage_map::Counter,
             file_id: u32,
             start_line: u32,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs
index 4d6bc838130..686ebc13ea3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs
@@ -1651,6 +1651,16 @@ fn linker_with_args<'a, B: ArchiveBuilder<'a>>(
         cmd.add_eh_frame_header();
     }
 
+    // NO-OPT-OUT, OBJECT-FILES-NO, AUDIT-ORDER
+    // Make the binary compatible with data execution prevention schemes.
+    cmd.add_no_exec();
+
+    // NO-OPT-OUT, OBJECT-FILES-NO
+    // Avoid linking to dynamic libraries unless they satisfy some undefined symbols
+    // at the point at which they are specified on the command line.
+    // Must be passed before any dynamic libraries.
+    cmd.add_as_needed();
+
     // NO-OPT-OUT, OBJECT-FILES-NO
     if crt_objects_fallback {
         cmd.no_crt_objects();
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/linker.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/linker.rs
index bb35e7ec894..e19274e579b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/linker.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/linker.rs
@@ -130,6 +130,8 @@ pub trait Linker {
     fn group_end(&mut self);
     fn linker_plugin_lto(&mut self);
     fn add_eh_frame_header(&mut self) {}
+    fn add_no_exec(&mut self) {}
+    fn add_as_needed(&mut self) {}
     fn finalize(&mut self);
 }
 
@@ -641,6 +643,20 @@ impl<'a> Linker for GccLinker<'a> {
     fn add_eh_frame_header(&mut self) {
         self.linker_arg("--eh-frame-hdr");
     }
+
+    fn add_no_exec(&mut self) {
+        if self.sess.target.is_like_windows {
+            self.linker_arg("--nxcompat");
+        } else if self.sess.target.linker_is_gnu {
+            self.linker_arg("-znoexecstack");
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn add_as_needed(&mut self) {
+        if self.sess.target.linker_is_gnu {
+            self.linker_arg("--as-needed");
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 pub struct MsvcLinker<'a> {
@@ -878,6 +894,10 @@ impl<'a> Linker for MsvcLinker<'a> {
     fn linker_plugin_lto(&mut self) {
         // Do nothing
     }
+
+    fn add_no_exec(&mut self) {
+        self.cmd.arg("/NXCOMPAT");
+    }
 }
 
 pub struct EmLinker<'a> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/lib.rs
index 6eead2812ba..56b4ef79383 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/lib.rs
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #![feature(nll)]
 #![cfg_attr(bootstrap, feature(or_patterns))]
 #![feature(associated_type_bounds)]
+#![feature(iter_zip)]
 #![recursion_limit = "256"]
 #![feature(box_syntax)]
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/mod.rs
index 3f945478213..91df67b53d2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/mod.rs
@@ -282,9 +282,7 @@ fn create_funclets<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>>(
     IndexVec<mir::BasicBlock, Option<Bx::BasicBlock>>,
     IndexVec<mir::BasicBlock, Option<Bx::Funclet>>,
 ) {
-    block_bxs
-        .iter_enumerated()
-        .zip(cleanup_kinds)
+    iter::zip(block_bxs.iter_enumerated(), cleanup_kinds)
         .map(|((bb, &llbb), cleanup_kind)| {
             match *cleanup_kind {
                 CleanupKind::Funclet if base::wants_msvc_seh(bx.sess()) => {}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/tagged_ptr/drop.rs b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/tagged_ptr/drop.rs
index 63f64beae5a..d44ccd368b3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/tagged_ptr/drop.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/tagged_ptr/drop.rs
@@ -42,18 +42,9 @@ where
     pub fn pointer_ref(&self) -> &P::Target {
         self.raw.pointer_ref()
     }
-    pub fn pointer_mut(&mut self) -> &mut P::Target
-    where
-        P: std::ops::DerefMut,
-    {
-        self.raw.pointer_mut()
-    }
     pub fn tag(&self) -> T {
         self.raw.tag()
     }
-    pub fn set_tag(&mut self, tag: T) {
-        self.raw.set_tag(tag);
-    }
 }
 
 impl<P, T, const COMPARE_PACKED: bool> std::ops::Deref for TaggedPtr<P, T, COMPARE_PACKED>
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/work_queue.rs b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/work_queue.rs
index cc562bc1e4d..10317f1afff 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/work_queue.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/work_queue.rs
@@ -41,10 +41,4 @@ impl<T: Idx> WorkQueue<T> {
             None
         }
     }
-
-    /// Returns `true` if nothing is enqueued.
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
-        self.deque.is_empty()
-    }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_driver/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_driver/src/lib.rs
index e527d55fc2a..c8891734cce 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_driver/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_driver/src/lib.rs
@@ -146,6 +146,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b> RunCompiler<'a, 'b> {
     pub fn new(at_args: &'a [String], callbacks: &'b mut (dyn Callbacks + Send)) -> Self {
         Self { at_args, callbacks, file_loader: None, emitter: None, make_codegen_backend: None }
     }
+    /// Used by cg_clif.
     pub fn set_make_codegen_backend(
         &mut self,
         make_codegen_backend: Option<
@@ -155,10 +156,12 @@ impl<'a, 'b> RunCompiler<'a, 'b> {
         self.make_codegen_backend = make_codegen_backend;
         self
     }
+    /// Used by RLS.
     pub fn set_emitter(&mut self, emitter: Option<Box<dyn Write + Send>>) -> &mut Self {
         self.emitter = emitter;
         self
     }
+    /// Used by RLS.
     pub fn set_file_loader(
         &mut self,
         file_loader: Option<Box<dyn FileLoader + Send + Sync>>,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_driver/src/pretty.rs b/compiler/rustc_driver/src/pretty.rs
index 1544c975838..e0c140b143b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_driver/src/pretty.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_driver/src/pretty.rs
@@ -108,13 +108,6 @@ trait HirPrinterSupport<'hir>: pprust_hir::PpAnn {
     /// (Rust does not yet support upcasting from a trait object to
     /// an object for one of its super-traits.)
     fn pp_ann(&self) -> &dyn pprust_hir::PpAnn;
-
-    /// Computes an user-readable representation of a path, if possible.
-    fn node_path(&self, id: hir::HirId) -> Option<String> {
-        self.hir_map().and_then(|map| map.def_path_from_hir_id(id)).map(|path| {
-            path.data.into_iter().map(|elem| elem.data.to_string()).collect::<Vec<_>>().join("::")
-        })
-    }
 }
 
 struct NoAnn<'hir> {
@@ -327,10 +320,6 @@ impl<'tcx> HirPrinterSupport<'tcx> for TypedAnnotation<'tcx> {
     fn pp_ann(&self) -> &dyn pprust_hir::PpAnn {
         self
     }
-
-    fn node_path(&self, id: hir::HirId) -> Option<String> {
-        Some(self.tcx.def_path_str(self.tcx.hir().local_def_id(id).to_def_id()))
-    }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> pprust_hir::PpAnn for TypedAnnotation<'tcx> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_errors/src/diagnostic.rs b/compiler/rustc_errors/src/diagnostic.rs
index ce5b130dd97..b2f6a0c1014 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_errors/src/diagnostic.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_errors/src/diagnostic.rs
@@ -69,10 +69,6 @@ impl DiagnosticStyledString {
     pub fn highlighted<S: Into<String>>(t: S) -> DiagnosticStyledString {
         DiagnosticStyledString(vec![StringPart::Highlighted(t.into())])
     }
-
-    pub fn content(&self) -> String {
-        self.0.iter().map(|x| x.content()).collect::<String>()
-    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
@@ -81,14 +77,6 @@ pub enum StringPart {
     Highlighted(String),
 }
 
-impl StringPart {
-    pub fn content(&self) -> &str {
-        match self {
-            &StringPart::Normal(ref s) | &StringPart::Highlighted(ref s) => s,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 impl Diagnostic {
     pub fn new(level: Level, message: &str) -> Self {
         Diagnostic::new_with_code(level, None, message)
@@ -156,7 +144,7 @@ impl Diagnostic {
         self
     }
 
-    pub fn note_expected_found(
+    crate fn note_expected_found(
         &mut self,
         expected_label: &dyn fmt::Display,
         expected: DiagnosticStyledString,
@@ -166,7 +154,7 @@ impl Diagnostic {
         self.note_expected_found_extra(expected_label, expected, found_label, found, &"", &"")
     }
 
-    pub fn note_unsuccessful_coercion(
+    crate fn note_unsuccessful_coercion(
         &mut self,
         expected: DiagnosticStyledString,
         found: DiagnosticStyledString,
@@ -256,33 +244,33 @@ impl Diagnostic {
 
     /// Prints the span with a note above it.
     /// This is like [`Diagnostic::note()`], but it gets its own span.
-    pub fn span_note<S: Into<MultiSpan>>(&mut self, sp: S, msg: &str) -> &mut Self {
+    crate fn span_note<S: Into<MultiSpan>>(&mut self, sp: S, msg: &str) -> &mut Self {
         self.sub(Level::Note, msg, sp.into(), None);
         self
     }
 
     /// Add a warning attached to this diagnostic.
-    pub fn warn(&mut self, msg: &str) -> &mut Self {
+    crate fn warn(&mut self, msg: &str) -> &mut Self {
         self.sub(Level::Warning, msg, MultiSpan::new(), None);
         self
     }
 
     /// Prints the span with a warning above it.
     /// This is like [`Diagnostic::warn()`], but it gets its own span.
-    pub fn span_warn<S: Into<MultiSpan>>(&mut self, sp: S, msg: &str) -> &mut Self {
+    crate fn span_warn<S: Into<MultiSpan>>(&mut self, sp: S, msg: &str) -> &mut Self {
         self.sub(Level::Warning, msg, sp.into(), None);
         self
     }
 
     /// Add a help message attached to this diagnostic.
-    pub fn help(&mut self, msg: &str) -> &mut Self {
+    crate fn help(&mut self, msg: &str) -> &mut Self {
         self.sub(Level::Help, msg, MultiSpan::new(), None);
         self
     }
 
     /// Prints the span with some help above it.
     /// This is like [`Diagnostic::help()`], but it gets its own span.
-    pub fn span_help<S: Into<MultiSpan>>(&mut self, sp: S, msg: &str) -> &mut Self {
+    crate fn span_help<S: Into<MultiSpan>>(&mut self, sp: S, msg: &str) -> &mut Self {
         self.sub(Level::Help, msg, sp.into(), None);
         self
     }
@@ -311,36 +299,6 @@ impl Diagnostic {
         self
     }
 
-    /// Show multiple suggestions that have multiple parts.
-    /// See also [`Diagnostic::multipart_suggestion()`].
-    pub fn multipart_suggestions(
-        &mut self,
-        msg: &str,
-        suggestions: Vec<Vec<(Span, String)>>,
-        applicability: Applicability,
-    ) -> &mut Self {
-        assert!(!suggestions.is_empty());
-        for s in &suggestions {
-            assert!(!s.is_empty());
-        }
-        self.suggestions.push(CodeSuggestion {
-            substitutions: suggestions
-                .into_iter()
-                .map(|suggestion| Substitution {
-                    parts: suggestion
-                        .into_iter()
-                        .map(|(span, snippet)| SubstitutionPart { snippet, span })
-                        .collect(),
-                })
-                .collect(),
-            msg: msg.to_owned(),
-            style: SuggestionStyle::ShowCode,
-            applicability,
-            tool_metadata: Default::default(),
-        });
-        self
-    }
-
     /// Prints out a message with for a multipart suggestion without showing the suggested code.
     ///
     /// This is intended to be used for suggestions that are obvious in what the changes need to
@@ -567,7 +525,7 @@ impl Diagnostic {
         self.code.clone()
     }
 
-    pub fn set_primary_message<M: Into<String>>(&mut self, msg: M) -> &mut Self {
+    crate fn set_primary_message<M: Into<String>>(&mut self, msg: M) -> &mut Self {
         self.message[0] = (msg.into(), Style::NoStyle);
         self
     }
@@ -582,6 +540,8 @@ impl Diagnostic {
 
     /// Convenience function for internal use, clients should use one of the
     /// public methods above.
+    ///
+    /// Used by `proc_macro_server` for implementing `server::Diagnostic`.
     pub fn sub(
         &mut self,
         level: Level,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_errors/src/diagnostic_builder.rs b/compiler/rustc_errors/src/diagnostic_builder.rs
index 79507e61522..3fc63b4e50c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_errors/src/diagnostic_builder.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_errors/src/diagnostic_builder.rs
@@ -45,6 +45,9 @@ macro_rules! forward {
         pub fn $n:ident(&self, $($name:ident: $ty:ty),* $(,)?) -> &Self
     ) => {
         $(#[$attrs])*
+        // we always document with --document-private-items
+        #[cfg_attr(not(bootstrap), allow(rustdoc::private_intra_doc_links))]
+        #[cfg_attr(bootstrap, allow(private_intra_doc_links))]
         #[doc = concat!("See [`Diagnostic::", stringify!($n), "()`].")]
         pub fn $n(&self, $($name: $ty),*) -> &Self {
             self.diagnostic.$n($($name),*);
@@ -59,6 +62,9 @@ macro_rules! forward {
     ) => {
         $(#[$attrs])*
         #[doc = concat!("See [`Diagnostic::", stringify!($n), "()`].")]
+        // we always document with --document-private-items
+        #[cfg_attr(not(bootstrap), allow(rustdoc::private_intra_doc_links))]
+        #[cfg_attr(bootstrap, allow(private_intra_doc_links))]
         pub fn $n(&mut self, $($name: $ty),*) -> &mut Self {
             self.0.diagnostic.$n($($name),*);
             self
@@ -76,6 +82,9 @@ macro_rules! forward {
     ) => {
         $(#[$attrs])*
         #[doc = concat!("See [`Diagnostic::", stringify!($n), "()`].")]
+        // we always document with --document-private-items
+        #[cfg_attr(not(bootstrap), allow(rustdoc::private_intra_doc_links))]
+        #[cfg_attr(bootstrap, allow(private_intra_doc_links))]
         pub fn $n<$($generic: $bound),*>(&mut self, $($name: $ty),*) -> &mut Self {
             self.0.diagnostic.$n($($name),*);
             self
@@ -157,19 +166,6 @@ impl<'a> DiagnosticBuilder<'a> {
         buffered_diagnostics.extend(self.into_diagnostic().map(|(diag, _)| diag));
     }
 
-    /// Convenience function for internal use, clients should use one of the
-    /// span_* methods instead.
-    pub fn sub<S: Into<MultiSpan>>(
-        &mut self,
-        level: Level,
-        message: &str,
-        span: Option<S>,
-    ) -> &mut Self {
-        let span = span.map(|s| s.into()).unwrap_or_else(MultiSpan::new);
-        self.0.diagnostic.sub(level, message, span, None);
-        self
-    }
-
     /// Delay emission of this diagnostic as a bug.
     ///
     /// This can be useful in contexts where an error indicates a bug but
@@ -270,20 +266,6 @@ impl<'a> DiagnosticBuilder<'a> {
         self
     }
 
-    /// See [`Diagnostic::multipart_suggestions()`].
-    pub fn multipart_suggestions(
-        &mut self,
-        msg: &str,
-        suggestions: Vec<Vec<(Span, String)>>,
-        applicability: Applicability,
-    ) -> &mut Self {
-        if !self.0.allow_suggestions {
-            return self;
-        }
-        self.0.diagnostic.multipart_suggestions(msg, suggestions, applicability);
-        self
-    }
-
     /// See [`Diagnostic::tool_only_multipart_suggestion()`].
     pub fn tool_only_multipart_suggestion(
         &mut self,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_errors/src/emitter.rs b/compiler/rustc_errors/src/emitter.rs
index 66499fbb8da..8ec06feb5bf 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_errors/src/emitter.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_errors/src/emitter.rs
@@ -1258,7 +1258,7 @@ impl EmitterWriter {
                 buffer.append(0, ": ", header_style);
             }
             for &(ref text, _) in msg.iter() {
-                buffer.append(0, text, header_style);
+                buffer.append(0, &replace_tabs(text), header_style);
             }
         }
 
@@ -2214,9 +2214,7 @@ pub fn is_case_difference(sm: &SourceMap, suggested: &str, sp: Span) -> bool {
     };
     let ascii_confusables = &['c', 'f', 'i', 'k', 'o', 's', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z'];
     // All the chars that differ in capitalization are confusable (above):
-    let confusable = found
-        .chars()
-        .zip(suggested.chars())
+    let confusable = iter::zip(found.chars(), suggested.chars())
         .filter(|(f, s)| f != s)
         .all(|(f, s)| (ascii_confusables.contains(&f) || ascii_confusables.contains(&s)));
     confusable && found.to_lowercase() == suggested.to_lowercase()
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_errors/src/json.rs b/compiler/rustc_errors/src/json.rs
index c27b39a9d62..2bce1ac3c0a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_errors/src/json.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_errors/src/json.rs
@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ impl DiagnosticSpanLine {
         h_end: usize,
     ) -> DiagnosticSpanLine {
         DiagnosticSpanLine {
-            text: sf.get_line(index).map_or(String::new(), |l| l.into_owned()),
+            text: sf.get_line(index).map_or_else(String::new, |l| l.into_owned()),
             highlight_start: h_start,
             highlight_end: h_end,
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_errors/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_errors/src/lib.rs
index fa855f544e8..ac7353730ad 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_errors/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_errors/src/lib.rs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #![feature(crate_visibility_modifier)]
 #![feature(backtrace)]
 #![feature(extended_key_value_attributes)]
+#![feature(iter_zip)]
 #![feature(nll)]
 
 #[macro_use]
@@ -690,10 +691,6 @@ impl Handler {
         db
     }
 
-    pub fn failure(&self, msg: &str) {
-        self.inner.borrow_mut().failure(msg);
-    }
-
     pub fn fatal(&self, msg: &str) -> FatalError {
         self.inner.borrow_mut().fatal(msg)
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_errors/src/registry.rs b/compiler/rustc_errors/src/registry.rs
index b1d770d5bd5..da764d993bb 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_errors/src/registry.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_errors/src/registry.rs
@@ -13,10 +13,6 @@ impl Registry {
         Registry { long_descriptions: long_descriptions.iter().copied().collect() }
     }
 
-    /// This will panic if an invalid error code is passed in
-    pub fn find_description(&self, code: &str) -> Option<&'static str> {
-        self.long_descriptions[code]
-    }
     /// Returns `InvalidErrorCode` if the code requested does not exist in the
     /// registry. Otherwise, returns an `Option` where `None` means the error
     /// code is valid but has no extended information.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_errors/src/snippet.rs b/compiler/rustc_errors/src/snippet.rs
index acb88e57db5..3fe02bd0cee 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_errors/src/snippet.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_errors/src/snippet.rs
@@ -121,16 +121,6 @@ impl Annotation {
         matches!(self.annotation_type, AnnotationType::MultilineLine(_))
     }
 
-    pub fn is_multiline(&self) -> bool {
-        matches!(
-            self.annotation_type,
-            AnnotationType::Multiline(_)
-                | AnnotationType::MultilineStart(_)
-                | AnnotationType::MultilineLine(_)
-                | AnnotationType::MultilineEnd(_)
-        )
-    }
-
     pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
         // Account for usize underflows
         if self.end_col > self.start_col {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_errors/src/styled_buffer.rs b/compiler/rustc_errors/src/styled_buffer.rs
index ef71ee36ea3..ec122e7be6e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_errors/src/styled_buffer.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_errors/src/styled_buffer.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // Code for creating styled buffers
 
 use crate::snippet::{Style, StyledString};
+use std::iter;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct StyledBuffer {
@@ -20,11 +21,11 @@ impl StyledBuffer {
         let mut output: Vec<Vec<StyledString>> = vec![];
         let mut styled_vec: Vec<StyledString> = vec![];
 
-        for (row, row_style) in self.text.iter().zip(&self.styles) {
+        for (row, row_style) in iter::zip(&self.text, &self.styles) {
             let mut current_style = Style::NoStyle;
             let mut current_text = String::new();
 
-            for (&c, &s) in row.iter().zip(row_style) {
+            for (&c, &s) in iter::zip(row, row_style) {
                 if s != current_style {
                     if !current_text.is_empty() {
                         styled_vec.push(StyledString { text: current_text, style: current_style });
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/build.rs b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/build.rs
index 3664ff3ae8a..cb8b9398283 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/build.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/build.rs
@@ -253,17 +253,6 @@ impl<'a> ExtCtxt<'a> {
         let pathexpr = self.expr_path(self.path_global(sp, fn_path));
         self.expr_call(sp, pathexpr, args)
     }
-    pub fn expr_method_call(
-        &self,
-        span: Span,
-        expr: P<ast::Expr>,
-        ident: Ident,
-        mut args: Vec<P<ast::Expr>>,
-    ) -> P<ast::Expr> {
-        args.insert(0, expr);
-        let segment = ast::PathSegment::from_ident(ident.with_span_pos(span));
-        self.expr(span, ast::ExprKind::MethodCall(segment, args, span))
-    }
     pub fn expr_block(&self, b: P<ast::Block>) -> P<ast::Expr> {
         self.expr(b.span, ast::ExprKind::Block(b, None))
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/lib.rs
index 14f04dcb51a..5fb85867501 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/lib.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #![feature(crate_visibility_modifier)]
 #![feature(decl_macro)]
 #![feature(destructuring_assignment)]
+#![feature(iter_zip)]
 #![cfg_attr(bootstrap, feature(or_patterns))]
 #![feature(proc_macro_diagnostic)]
 #![feature(proc_macro_internals)]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/mbe/macro_check.rs b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/mbe/macro_check.rs
index 91add4f9218..3497e5ad543 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/mbe/macro_check.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/mbe/macro_check.rs
@@ -116,6 +116,8 @@ use rustc_span::{symbol::MacroRulesNormalizedIdent, MultiSpan, Span};
 
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
 
+use std::iter;
+
 /// Stack represented as linked list.
 ///
 /// Those are used for environments because they grow incrementally and are not mutable.
@@ -204,7 +206,7 @@ pub(super) fn check_meta_variables(
         sess.span_diagnostic.span_bug(span, "length mismatch between LHSes and RHSes")
     }
     let mut valid = true;
-    for (lhs, rhs) in lhses.iter().zip(rhses.iter()) {
+    for (lhs, rhs) in iter::zip(lhses, rhses) {
         let mut binders = Binders::default();
         check_binders(sess, node_id, lhs, &Stack::Empty, &mut binders, &Stack::Empty, &mut valid);
         check_occurrences(sess, node_id, rhs, &Stack::Empty, &binders, &Stack::Empty, &mut valid);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/tokenstream/tests.rs b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/tokenstream/tests.rs
index 4e818e9feb0..8b546e7e4a3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/tokenstream/tests.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/tokenstream/tests.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use crate::tests::string_to_stream;
 
 use rustc_ast::token;
-use rustc_ast::tokenstream::{TokenStream, TokenStreamBuilder, TokenTree};
+use rustc_ast::tokenstream::{Spacing, TokenStream, TokenStreamBuilder, TokenTree};
 use rustc_span::with_default_session_globals;
 use rustc_span::{BytePos, Span, Symbol};
 use smallvec::smallvec;
@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@ fn sp(a: u32, b: u32) -> Span {
     Span::with_root_ctxt(BytePos(a), BytePos(b))
 }
 
+fn joint(tree: TokenTree) -> TokenStream {
+    TokenStream::new(vec![(tree, Spacing::Joint)])
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn test_concat() {
     with_default_session_globals(|| {
@@ -99,8 +103,8 @@ fn test_is_empty() {
 fn test_dotdotdot() {
     with_default_session_globals(|| {
         let mut builder = TokenStreamBuilder::new();
-        builder.push(TokenTree::token(token::Dot, sp(0, 1)).joint());
-        builder.push(TokenTree::token(token::Dot, sp(1, 2)).joint());
+        builder.push(joint(TokenTree::token(token::Dot, sp(0, 1))));
+        builder.push(joint(TokenTree::token(token::Dot, sp(1, 2))));
         builder.push(TokenTree::token(token::Dot, sp(2, 3)));
         let stream = builder.build();
         assert!(stream.eq_unspanned(&string_to_ts("...")));
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_feature/src/accepted.rs b/compiler/rustc_feature/src/accepted.rs
index ce9f711b27e..f006351647e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_feature/src/accepted.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_feature/src/accepted.rs
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ declare_features! (
     /// The smallest useful subset of `const_generics`.
     (accepted, min_const_generics, "1.51.0", Some(74878), None),
     /// The `unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn` lint (allowed by default): no longer treat an unsafe function as an unsafe block.
-    (accepted, unsafe_block_in_unsafe_fn, "1.51.0", Some(71668), None),
+    (accepted, unsafe_block_in_unsafe_fn, "1.52.0", Some(71668), None),
     /// Allows the use of or-patterns (e.g., `0 | 1`).
     (accepted, or_patterns, "1.53.0", Some(54883), None),
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_feature/src/active.rs b/compiler/rustc_feature/src/active.rs
index fb08a7b8cea..040260f5cf5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_feature/src/active.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_feature/src/active.rs
@@ -216,6 +216,10 @@ declare_features! (
     /// Renamed from `optin_builtin_traits`.
     (active, auto_traits, "1.50.0", Some(13231), None),
 
+    /// Allows `#[doc(notable_trait)]`.
+    /// Renamed from `doc_spotlight`.
+    (active, doc_notable_trait, "1.52.0", Some(45040), None),
+
     // no-tracking-issue-end
 
     // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -374,9 +378,6 @@ declare_features! (
     /// Allows `#[doc(masked)]`.
     (active, doc_masked, "1.21.0", Some(44027), None),
 
-    /// Allows `#[doc(spotlight)]`.
-    (active, doc_spotlight, "1.22.0", Some(45040), None),
-
     /// Allows `#[doc(include = "some-file")]`.
     (active, external_doc, "1.22.0", Some(44732), None),
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_feature/src/removed.rs b/compiler/rustc_feature/src/removed.rs
index aff66053c93..8ba67a00f8d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_feature/src/removed.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_feature/src/removed.rs
@@ -80,6 +80,11 @@ declare_features! (
      Some("subsumed by `#![feature(allocator_internals)]`")),
     /// Allows identifying crates that contain sanitizer runtimes.
     (removed, sanitizer_runtime, "1.17.0", None, None, None),
+    /// Allows `#[doc(spotlight)]`.
+    /// The attribute was renamed to `#[doc(notable_trait)]`
+    /// and the feature to `doc_notable_trait`.
+    (removed, doc_spotlight, "1.22.0", Some(45040), None,
+     Some("renamed to `doc_notable_trait`")),
     (removed, proc_macro_mod, "1.27.0", Some(54727), None,
      Some("subsumed by `#![feature(proc_macro_hygiene)]`")),
     (removed, proc_macro_expr, "1.27.0", Some(54727), None,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_graphviz/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_graphviz/src/lib.rs
index 9653ff022f1..db70beb5914 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_graphviz/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_graphviz/src/lib.rs
@@ -413,10 +413,6 @@ impl<'a> Id<'a> {
     pub fn as_slice(&'a self) -> &'a str {
         &*self.name
     }
-
-    pub fn name(self) -> Cow<'a, str> {
-        self.name
-    }
 }
 
 /// Each instance of a type that implements `Label<C>` maps to a
@@ -484,10 +480,6 @@ impl<'a> LabelText<'a> {
         LabelStr(s.into())
     }
 
-    pub fn escaped<S: Into<Cow<'a, str>>>(s: S) -> LabelText<'a> {
-        EscStr(s.into())
-    }
-
     pub fn html<S: Into<Cow<'a, str>>>(s: S) -> LabelText<'a> {
         HtmlStr(s.into())
     }
@@ -543,11 +535,6 @@ impl<'a> LabelText<'a> {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Puts `prefix` on a line above this label, with a blank line separator.
-    pub fn prefix_line(self, prefix: LabelText<'_>) -> LabelText<'static> {
-        prefix.suffix_line(self)
-    }
-
     /// Puts `suffix` on a line below this label, with a blank line separator.
     pub fn suffix_line(self, suffix: LabelText<'_>) -> LabelText<'static> {
         let mut prefix = self.pre_escaped_content().into_owned();
@@ -602,11 +589,6 @@ pub enum RenderOption {
     DarkTheme,
 }
 
-/// Returns vec holding all the default render options.
-pub fn default_options() -> Vec<RenderOption> {
-    vec![]
-}
-
 /// Renders directed graph `g` into the writer `w` in DOT syntax.
 /// (Simple wrapper around `render_opts` that passes a default set of options.)
 pub fn render<'a, N, E, G, W>(g: &'a G, w: &mut W) -> io::Result<()>
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_graphviz/src/tests.rs b/compiler/rustc_graphviz/src/tests.rs
index 70b8197f5ef..a297bac86c4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_graphviz/src/tests.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_graphviz/src/tests.rs
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ impl<'a> Labeller<'a> for LabelledGraph {
     fn node_label(&'a self, n: &Node) -> LabelText<'a> {
         match self.node_labels[*n] {
             Some(l) => LabelStr(l.into()),
-            None => LabelStr(id_name(n).name()),
+            None => LabelStr(id_name(n).name),
         }
     }
     fn edge_label(&'a self, e: &&'a Edge) -> LabelText<'a> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/definitions.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/definitions.rs
index 3266dfac702..0f77de9fb25 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/definitions.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/definitions.rs
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@ impl DefPathTable {
         hash
     }
 
+    /// Used by librustdoc for fake DefIds.
     pub fn num_def_ids(&self) -> usize {
         self.index_to_key.len()
     }
@@ -319,12 +320,6 @@ impl Definitions {
         self.table.def_path_hash(id.local_def_index)
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn def_path_hash_to_def_id(&self, def_path_hash: DefPathHash) -> LocalDefId {
-        let local_def_index = self.table.def_path_hash_to_index[&def_path_hash];
-        LocalDefId { local_def_index }
-    }
-
     /// Returns the path from the crate root to `index`. The root
     /// nodes are not included in the path (i.e., this will be an
     /// empty vector for the crate root). For an inlined item, this
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir.rs
index d03584d49a5..6317808e7fb 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // ignore-tidy-filelength
-use crate::def::{CtorKind, DefKind, Namespace, Res};
+use crate::def::{CtorKind, DefKind, Res};
 use crate::def_id::DefId;
 crate use crate::hir_id::HirId;
 use crate::{itemlikevisit, LangItem};
@@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ pub enum TraitBoundModifier {
 /// `typeck::collect::compute_bounds` matches these against
 /// the "special" built-in traits (see `middle::lang_items`) and
 /// detects `Copy`, `Send` and `Sync`.
-#[derive(Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
 pub enum GenericBound<'hir> {
     Trait(PolyTraitRef<'hir>, TraitBoundModifier),
     // FIXME(davidtwco): Introduce `PolyTraitRef::LangItem`
@@ -625,13 +625,6 @@ pub struct ModuleItems {
     pub foreign_items: BTreeSet<ForeignItemId>,
 }
 
-/// A type representing only the top-level module.
-#[derive(Encodable, Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
-pub struct CrateItem<'hir> {
-    pub module: Mod<'hir>,
-    pub span: Span,
-}
-
 /// The top-level data structure that stores the entire contents of
 /// the crate currently being compiled.
 ///
@@ -640,7 +633,7 @@ pub struct CrateItem<'hir> {
 /// [rustc dev guide]: https://rustc-dev-guide.rust-lang.org/hir.html
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct Crate<'hir> {
-    pub item: CrateItem<'hir>,
+    pub item: Mod<'hir>,
     pub exported_macros: &'hir [MacroDef<'hir>],
     // Attributes from non-exported macros, kept only for collecting the library feature list.
     pub non_exported_macro_attrs: &'hir [Attribute],
@@ -2118,15 +2111,6 @@ pub enum ImplItemKind<'hir> {
     TyAlias(&'hir Ty<'hir>),
 }
 
-impl ImplItemKind<'_> {
-    pub fn namespace(&self) -> Namespace {
-        match self {
-            ImplItemKind::TyAlias(..) => Namespace::TypeNS,
-            ImplItemKind::Const(..) | ImplItemKind::Fn(..) => Namespace::ValueNS,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 // The name of the associated type for `Fn` return types.
 pub const FN_OUTPUT_NAME: Symbol = sym::Output;
 
@@ -2215,6 +2199,9 @@ impl PrimTy {
         Self::Str,
     ];
 
+    /// Like [`PrimTy::name`], but returns a &str instead of a symbol.
+    ///
+    /// Used by rustdoc.
     pub fn name_str(self) -> &'static str {
         match self {
             PrimTy::Int(i) => i.name_str(),
@@ -2569,7 +2556,7 @@ pub enum UseKind {
 /// that the `ref_id` is for. Note that `ref_id`'s value is not the `HirId` of the
 /// trait being referred to but just a unique `HirId` that serves as a key
 /// within the resolution map.
-#[derive(Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
 pub struct TraitRef<'hir> {
     pub path: &'hir Path<'hir>,
     // Don't hash the `ref_id`. It is tracked via the thing it is used to access.
@@ -2588,7 +2575,7 @@ impl TraitRef<'_> {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
 pub struct PolyTraitRef<'hir> {
     /// The `'a` in `for<'a> Foo<&'a T>`.
     pub bound_generic_params: &'hir [GenericParam<'hir>],
@@ -2989,7 +2976,7 @@ pub enum Node<'hir> {
     GenericParam(&'hir GenericParam<'hir>),
     Visibility(&'hir Visibility<'hir>),
 
-    Crate(&'hir CrateItem<'hir>),
+    Crate(&'hir Mod<'hir>),
 }
 
 impl<'hir> Node<'hir> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir_id.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir_id.rs
index e0b3d9026a0..0b25ebc27bd 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir_id.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir_id.rs
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ pub const CRATE_HIR_ID: HirId = HirId {
     local_id: ItemLocalId::from_u32(0),
 };
 
+/// N.B. This collection is currently unused, but will be used by #72015 and future PRs.
 #[derive(Clone, Default, Debug, Encodable, Decodable)]
 pub struct HirIdVec<T> {
     map: IndexVec<LocalDefId, IndexVec<ItemLocalId, T>>,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/intravisit.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/intravisit.rs
index 9b908b141af..d766a68e194 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/intravisit.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/intravisit.rs
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ pub trait Visitor<'v>: Sized {
 
 /// Walks the contents of a crate. See also `Crate::visit_all_items`.
 pub fn walk_crate<'v, V: Visitor<'v>>(visitor: &mut V, krate: &'v Crate<'v>) {
-    visitor.visit_mod(&krate.item.module, krate.item.span, CRATE_HIR_ID);
+    visitor.visit_mod(&krate.item, krate.item.inner, CRATE_HIR_ID);
     walk_list!(visitor, visit_macro_def, krate.exported_macros);
     for (&id, attrs) in krate.attrs.iter() {
         for a in *attrs {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/pat_util.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/pat_util.rs
index 9e0a6aae242..28529affd5d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/pat_util.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/pat_util.rs
@@ -89,26 +89,6 @@ impl hir::Pat<'_> {
         })
     }
 
-    /// Checks if the pattern contains any patterns that bind something to
-    /// an ident, e.g., `foo`, or `Foo(foo)` or `foo @ Bar(..)`.
-    pub fn contains_bindings(&self) -> bool {
-        self.satisfies(|p| matches!(p.kind, PatKind::Binding(..)))
-    }
-
-    /// Checks if the pattern satisfies the given predicate on some sub-pattern.
-    fn satisfies(&self, pred: impl Fn(&hir::Pat<'_>) -> bool) -> bool {
-        let mut satisfies = false;
-        self.walk_short(|p| {
-            if pred(p) {
-                satisfies = true;
-                false // Found one, can short circuit now.
-            } else {
-                true
-            }
-        });
-        satisfies
-    }
-
     pub fn simple_ident(&self) -> Option<Ident> {
         match self.kind {
             PatKind::Binding(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_pretty/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_pretty/src/lib.rs
index 7eeda6013ed..2d499e194e1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_pretty/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_pretty/src/lib.rs
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ pub fn print_crate<'a>(
     // When printing the AST, we sometimes need to inject `#[no_std]` here.
     // Since you can't compile the HIR, it's not necessary.
 
-    s.print_mod(&krate.item.module, s.attrs(hir::CRATE_HIR_ID));
+    s.print_mod(&krate.item, s.attrs(hir::CRATE_HIR_ID));
     s.print_remaining_comments();
     s.s.eof()
 }
@@ -221,10 +221,6 @@ pub fn bounds_to_string<'b>(bounds: impl IntoIterator<Item = &'b hir::GenericBou
     to_string(NO_ANN, |s| s.print_bounds("", bounds))
 }
 
-pub fn param_to_string(arg: &hir::Param<'_>) -> String {
-    to_string(NO_ANN, |s| s.print_param(arg))
-}
-
 pub fn ty_to_string(ty: &hir::Ty<'_>) -> String {
     to_string(NO_ANN, |s| s.print_type(ty))
 }
@@ -1701,21 +1697,10 @@ impl<'a> State<'a> {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn print_usize(&mut self, i: usize) {
-        self.s.word(i.to_string())
-    }
-
     pub fn print_name(&mut self, name: Symbol) {
         self.print_ident(Ident::with_dummy_span(name))
     }
 
-    pub fn print_for_decl(&mut self, loc: &hir::Local<'_>, coll: &hir::Expr<'_>) {
-        self.print_local_decl(loc);
-        self.s.space();
-        self.word_space("in");
-        self.print_expr(coll)
-    }
-
     pub fn print_path(&mut self, path: &hir::Path<'_>, colons_before_params: bool) {
         self.maybe_print_comment(path.span.lo());
 
@@ -2430,24 +2415,6 @@ impl<'a> State<'a> {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn print_opt_abi_and_extern_if_nondefault(&mut self, opt_abi: Option<Abi>) {
-        match opt_abi {
-            Some(Abi::Rust) => {}
-            Some(abi) => {
-                self.word_nbsp("extern");
-                self.word_nbsp(abi.to_string())
-            }
-            None => {}
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn print_extern_opt_abi(&mut self, opt_abi: Option<Abi>) {
-        if let Some(abi) = opt_abi {
-            self.word_nbsp("extern");
-            self.word_nbsp(abi.to_string())
-        }
-    }
-
     pub fn print_fn_header_info(&mut self, header: hir::FnHeader, vis: &hir::Visibility<'_>) {
         self.s.word(visibility_qualified(vis, ""));
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/assert_dep_graph.rs b/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/assert_dep_graph.rs
index a080b0ce339..b5680beae14 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/assert_dep_graph.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/assert_dep_graph.rs
@@ -40,8 +40,9 @@ use rustc_graphviz as dot;
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc_hir::intravisit::{self, NestedVisitorMap, Visitor};
-use rustc_middle::dep_graph::debug::{DepNodeFilter, EdgeFilter};
-use rustc_middle::dep_graph::{DepGraphQuery, DepKind, DepNode, DepNodeExt};
+use rustc_middle::dep_graph::{
+    DepGraphQuery, DepKind, DepNode, DepNodeExt, DepNodeFilter, EdgeFilter,
+};
 use rustc_middle::hir::map::Map;
 use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
 use rustc_span::symbol::{sym, Symbol};
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ use std::io::{BufWriter, Write};
 pub fn assert_dep_graph(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>) {
     tcx.dep_graph.with_ignore(|| {
         if tcx.sess.opts.debugging_opts.dump_dep_graph {
-            dump_graph(tcx);
+            tcx.dep_graph.with_query(dump_graph);
         }
 
         if !tcx.sess.opts.debugging_opts.query_dep_graph {
@@ -200,29 +201,29 @@ fn check_paths<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, if_this_changed: &Sources, then_this_wou
         }
         return;
     }
-    let query = tcx.dep_graph.query();
-    for &(_, source_def_id, ref source_dep_node) in if_this_changed {
-        let dependents = query.transitive_predecessors(source_dep_node);
-        for &(target_span, ref target_pass, _, ref target_dep_node) in then_this_would_need {
-            if !dependents.contains(&target_dep_node) {
-                tcx.sess.span_err(
-                    target_span,
-                    &format!(
-                        "no path from `{}` to `{}`",
-                        tcx.def_path_str(source_def_id),
-                        target_pass
-                    ),
-                );
-            } else {
-                tcx.sess.span_err(target_span, "OK");
+    tcx.dep_graph.with_query(|query| {
+        for &(_, source_def_id, ref source_dep_node) in if_this_changed {
+            let dependents = query.transitive_predecessors(source_dep_node);
+            for &(target_span, ref target_pass, _, ref target_dep_node) in then_this_would_need {
+                if !dependents.contains(&target_dep_node) {
+                    tcx.sess.span_err(
+                        target_span,
+                        &format!(
+                            "no path from `{}` to `{}`",
+                            tcx.def_path_str(source_def_id),
+                            target_pass
+                        ),
+                    );
+                } else {
+                    tcx.sess.span_err(target_span, "OK");
+                }
             }
         }
-    }
+    });
 }
 
-fn dump_graph(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>) {
+fn dump_graph(query: &DepGraphQuery) {
     let path: String = env::var("RUST_DEP_GRAPH").unwrap_or_else(|_| "dep_graph".to_string());
-    let query = tcx.dep_graph.query();
 
     let nodes = match env::var("RUST_DEP_GRAPH_FILTER") {
         Ok(string) => {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/lib.rs
index 95456c07b10..f089cbcfca6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/lib.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ mod assert_dep_graph;
 pub mod assert_module_sources;
 mod persist;
 
-pub use assert_dep_graph::assert_dep_graph;
+use assert_dep_graph::assert_dep_graph;
 pub use persist::copy_cgu_workproduct_to_incr_comp_cache_dir;
 pub use persist::delete_workproduct_files;
 pub use persist::finalize_session_directory;
@@ -26,4 +26,4 @@ pub use persist::prepare_session_directory;
 pub use persist::save_dep_graph;
 pub use persist::save_work_product_index;
 pub use persist::LoadResult;
-pub use persist::{load_dep_graph, DepGraphFuture};
+pub use persist::{build_dep_graph, load_dep_graph, DepGraphFuture};
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/dirty_clean.rs b/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/dirty_clean.rs
index cb089a728ee..e7bd488af8e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/dirty_clean.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/dirty_clean.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 //! the required condition is not met.
 
 use rustc_ast::{self as ast, Attribute, NestedMetaItem};
-use rustc_data_structures::fingerprint::Fingerprint;
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashSet;
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefId, LocalDefId};
@@ -74,16 +73,6 @@ const BASE_STRUCT: &[&str] =
     &[label_strs::generics_of, label_strs::predicates_of, label_strs::type_of];
 
 /// Trait definition `DepNode`s.
-const BASE_TRAIT_DEF: &[&str] = &[
-    label_strs::associated_item_def_ids,
-    label_strs::generics_of,
-    label_strs::object_safety_violations,
-    label_strs::predicates_of,
-    label_strs::specialization_graph_of,
-    label_strs::trait_def,
-    label_strs::trait_impls_of,
-];
-
 /// Extra `DepNode`s for functions and methods.
 const EXTRA_ASSOCIATED: &[&str] = &[label_strs::associated_item];
 
@@ -118,10 +107,6 @@ const LABELS_IMPL: &[&[&str]] = &[BASE_HIR, BASE_IMPL];
 /// Abstract data type (struct, enum, union) `DepNode`s.
 const LABELS_ADT: &[&[&str]] = &[BASE_HIR, BASE_STRUCT];
 
-/// Trait definition `DepNode`s.
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-const LABELS_TRAIT: &[&[&str]] = &[BASE_HIR, BASE_TRAIT_DEF];
-
 // FIXME: Struct/Enum/Unions Fields (there is currently no way to attach these)
 //
 // Fields are kind of separate from their containers, as they can change independently from
@@ -395,10 +380,7 @@ impl DirtyCleanVisitor<'tcx> {
     fn assert_dirty(&self, item_span: Span, dep_node: DepNode) {
         debug!("assert_dirty({:?})", dep_node);
 
-        let current_fingerprint = self.get_fingerprint(&dep_node);
-        let prev_fingerprint = self.tcx.dep_graph.prev_fingerprint_of(&dep_node);
-
-        if current_fingerprint == prev_fingerprint {
+        if self.tcx.dep_graph.is_green(&dep_node) {
             let dep_node_str = self.dep_node_str(&dep_node);
             self.tcx
                 .sess
@@ -406,28 +388,10 @@ impl DirtyCleanVisitor<'tcx> {
         }
     }
 
-    fn get_fingerprint(&self, dep_node: &DepNode) -> Option<Fingerprint> {
-        if self.tcx.dep_graph.dep_node_exists(dep_node) {
-            let dep_node_index = self.tcx.dep_graph.dep_node_index_of(dep_node);
-            Some(self.tcx.dep_graph.fingerprint_of(dep_node_index))
-        } else {
-            None
-        }
-    }
-
     fn assert_clean(&self, item_span: Span, dep_node: DepNode) {
         debug!("assert_clean({:?})", dep_node);
 
-        let current_fingerprint = self.get_fingerprint(&dep_node);
-        let prev_fingerprint = self.tcx.dep_graph.prev_fingerprint_of(&dep_node);
-
-        // if the node wasn't previously evaluated and now is (or vice versa),
-        // then the node isn't actually clean or dirty.
-        if (current_fingerprint == None) ^ (prev_fingerprint == None) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if current_fingerprint != prev_fingerprint {
+        if self.tcx.dep_graph.is_red(&dep_node) {
             let dep_node_str = self.dep_node_str(&dep_node);
             self.tcx
                 .sess
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/fs.rs b/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/fs.rs
index c7a6c1195c5..30c6c408bc7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/fs.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/fs.rs
@@ -122,6 +122,7 @@ mod tests;
 
 const LOCK_FILE_EXT: &str = ".lock";
 const DEP_GRAPH_FILENAME: &str = "dep-graph.bin";
+const STAGING_DEP_GRAPH_FILENAME: &str = "dep-graph.part.bin";
 const WORK_PRODUCTS_FILENAME: &str = "work-products.bin";
 const QUERY_CACHE_FILENAME: &str = "query-cache.bin";
 
@@ -134,6 +135,9 @@ const INT_ENCODE_BASE: usize = base_n::CASE_INSENSITIVE;
 pub fn dep_graph_path(sess: &Session) -> PathBuf {
     in_incr_comp_dir_sess(sess, DEP_GRAPH_FILENAME)
 }
+pub fn staging_dep_graph_path(sess: &Session) -> PathBuf {
+    in_incr_comp_dir_sess(sess, STAGING_DEP_GRAPH_FILENAME)
+}
 pub fn dep_graph_path_from(incr_comp_session_dir: &Path) -> PathBuf {
     in_incr_comp_dir(incr_comp_session_dir, DEP_GRAPH_FILENAME)
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/load.rs b/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/load.rs
index 2b5649bb059..259e540c612 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/load.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/load.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use rustc_hir::definitions::Definitions;
 use rustc_middle::dep_graph::{PreviousDepGraph, SerializedDepGraph, WorkProduct, WorkProductId};
 use rustc_middle::ty::query::OnDiskCache;
 use rustc_serialize::opaque::Decoder;
-use rustc_serialize::Decodable as RustcDecodable;
+use rustc_serialize::Decodable;
 use rustc_session::Session;
 use std::path::Path;
 
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ pub fn load_dep_graph(sess: &Session) -> DepGraphFuture {
             // Decode the list of work_products
             let mut work_product_decoder = Decoder::new(&work_products_data[..], start_pos);
             let work_products: Vec<SerializedWorkProduct> =
-                RustcDecodable::decode(&mut work_product_decoder).unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+                Decodable::decode(&mut work_product_decoder).unwrap_or_else(|e| {
                     let msg = format!(
                         "Error decoding `work-products` from incremental \
                                     compilation session directory: {}",
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/mod.rs
index 8821b34b502..1336189bc0d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/mod.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ pub use fs::prepare_session_directory;
 pub use load::load_query_result_cache;
 pub use load::LoadResult;
 pub use load::{load_dep_graph, DepGraphFuture};
+pub use save::build_dep_graph;
 pub use save::save_dep_graph;
 pub use save::save_work_product_index;
 pub use work_product::copy_cgu_workproduct_to_incr_comp_cache_dir;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/save.rs b/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/save.rs
index 45d474b89b8..d558af3c1d5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/save.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/save.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashMap;
 use rustc_data_structures::sync::join;
-use rustc_middle::dep_graph::{DepGraph, WorkProduct, WorkProductId};
+use rustc_middle::dep_graph::{DepGraph, PreviousDepGraph, WorkProduct, WorkProductId};
 use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
 use rustc_serialize::opaque::{FileEncodeResult, FileEncoder};
 use rustc_serialize::Encodable as RustcEncodable;
@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@ use super::file_format;
 use super::fs::*;
 use super::work_product;
 
+/// Save and dump the DepGraph.
+///
+/// No query must be invoked after this function.
 pub fn save_dep_graph(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>) {
     debug!("save_dep_graph()");
     tcx.dep_graph.with_ignore(|| {
@@ -29,6 +32,14 @@ pub fn save_dep_graph(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>) {
 
         let query_cache_path = query_cache_path(sess);
         let dep_graph_path = dep_graph_path(sess);
+        let staging_dep_graph_path = staging_dep_graph_path(sess);
+
+        sess.time("assert_dep_graph", || crate::assert_dep_graph(tcx));
+        sess.time("check_dirty_clean", || dirty_clean::check_dirty_clean_annotations(tcx));
+
+        if sess.opts.debugging_opts.incremental_info {
+            tcx.dep_graph.print_incremental_info()
+        }
 
         join(
             move || {
@@ -36,16 +47,26 @@ pub fn save_dep_graph(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>) {
                     save_in(sess, query_cache_path, "query cache", |e| encode_query_cache(tcx, e));
                 });
             },
-            || {
+            move || {
                 sess.time("incr_comp_persist_dep_graph", || {
-                    save_in(sess, dep_graph_path, "dependency graph", |e| {
-                        sess.time("incr_comp_encode_dep_graph", || encode_dep_graph(tcx, e))
-                    });
+                    if let Err(err) = tcx.dep_graph.encode(&tcx.sess.prof) {
+                        sess.err(&format!(
+                            "failed to write dependency graph to `{}`: {}",
+                            staging_dep_graph_path.display(),
+                            err
+                        ));
+                    }
+                    if let Err(err) = fs::rename(&staging_dep_graph_path, &dep_graph_path) {
+                        sess.err(&format!(
+                            "failed to move dependency graph from `{}` to `{}`: {}",
+                            staging_dep_graph_path.display(),
+                            dep_graph_path.display(),
+                            err
+                        ));
+                    }
                 });
             },
         );
-
-        dirty_clean::check_dirty_clean_annotations(tcx);
     })
 }
 
@@ -92,7 +113,7 @@ pub fn save_work_product_index(
     });
 }
 
-fn save_in<F>(sess: &Session, path_buf: PathBuf, name: &str, encode: F)
+pub(crate) fn save_in<F>(sess: &Session, path_buf: PathBuf, name: &str, encode: F)
 where
     F: FnOnce(&mut FileEncoder) -> FileEncodeResult,
 {
@@ -144,21 +165,6 @@ where
     debug!("save: data written to disk successfully");
 }
 
-fn encode_dep_graph(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, encoder: &mut FileEncoder) -> FileEncodeResult {
-    // First encode the commandline arguments hash
-    tcx.sess.opts.dep_tracking_hash().encode(encoder)?;
-
-    if tcx.sess.opts.debugging_opts.incremental_info {
-        tcx.dep_graph.print_incremental_info();
-    }
-
-    // There is a tiny window between printing the incremental info above and encoding the dep
-    // graph below in which the dep graph could change, thus making the printed incremental info
-    // slightly out of date. If this matters to you, please feel free to submit a patch. :)
-
-    tcx.sess.time("incr_comp_encode_serialized_dep_graph", || tcx.dep_graph.encode(encoder))
-}
-
 fn encode_work_product_index(
     work_products: &FxHashMap<WorkProductId, WorkProduct>,
     encoder: &mut FileEncoder,
@@ -177,3 +183,56 @@ fn encode_work_product_index(
 fn encode_query_cache(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, encoder: &mut FileEncoder) -> FileEncodeResult {
     tcx.sess.time("incr_comp_serialize_result_cache", || tcx.serialize_query_result_cache(encoder))
 }
+
+pub fn build_dep_graph(
+    sess: &Session,
+    prev_graph: PreviousDepGraph,
+    prev_work_products: FxHashMap<WorkProductId, WorkProduct>,
+) -> Option<DepGraph> {
+    if sess.opts.incremental.is_none() {
+        // No incremental compilation.
+        return None;
+    }
+
+    // Stream the dep-graph to an alternate file, to avoid overwriting anything in case of errors.
+    let path_buf = staging_dep_graph_path(sess);
+
+    let mut encoder = match FileEncoder::new(&path_buf) {
+        Ok(encoder) => encoder,
+        Err(err) => {
+            sess.err(&format!(
+                "failed to create dependency graph at `{}`: {}",
+                path_buf.display(),
+                err
+            ));
+            return None;
+        }
+    };
+
+    if let Err(err) = file_format::write_file_header(&mut encoder, sess.is_nightly_build()) {
+        sess.err(&format!(
+            "failed to write dependency graph header to `{}`: {}",
+            path_buf.display(),
+            err
+        ));
+        return None;
+    }
+
+    // First encode the commandline arguments hash
+    if let Err(err) = sess.opts.dep_tracking_hash().encode(&mut encoder) {
+        sess.err(&format!(
+            "failed to write dependency graph hash `{}`: {}",
+            path_buf.display(),
+            err
+        ));
+        return None;
+    }
+
+    Some(DepGraph::new(
+        prev_graph,
+        prev_work_products,
+        encoder,
+        sess.opts.debugging_opts.query_dep_graph,
+        sess.opts.debugging_opts.incremental_info,
+    ))
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_index/src/bit_set.rs b/compiler/rustc_index/src/bit_set.rs
index 100824f4b94..cfea5092bc3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_index/src/bit_set.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_index/src/bit_set.rs
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ where
 {
     assert_eq!(out_vec.len(), in_vec.len());
     let mut changed = false;
-    for (out_elem, in_elem) in out_vec.iter_mut().zip(in_vec.iter()) {
+    for (out_elem, in_elem) in iter::zip(out_vec, in_vec) {
         let old_val = *out_elem;
         let new_val = op(old_val, *in_elem);
         *out_elem = new_val;
@@ -842,7 +842,7 @@ impl<R: Idx, C: Idx> BitMatrix<R, C> {
         let (write_start, write_end) = self.range(write);
         let words = &mut self.words[..];
         let mut changed = false;
-        for (read_index, write_index) in (read_start..read_end).zip(write_start..write_end) {
+        for (read_index, write_index) in iter::zip(read_start..read_end, write_start..write_end) {
             let word = words[write_index];
             let new_word = word | words[read_index];
             words[write_index] = new_word;
@@ -858,7 +858,7 @@ impl<R: Idx, C: Idx> BitMatrix<R, C> {
         assert_eq!(with.domain_size(), self.num_columns);
         let (write_start, write_end) = self.range(write);
         let mut changed = false;
-        for (read_index, write_index) in (0..with.words().len()).zip(write_start..write_end) {
+        for (read_index, write_index) in iter::zip(0..with.words().len(), write_start..write_end) {
             let word = self.words[write_index];
             let new_word = word | with.words()[read_index];
             self.words[write_index] = new_word;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_index/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_index/src/lib.rs
index 995034e81da..3ced3920cfd 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_index/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_index/src/lib.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #![feature(const_fn)]
 #![feature(const_panic)]
 #![feature(extend_one)]
+#![feature(iter_zip)]
 #![feature(unboxed_closures)]
 #![feature(test)]
 #![feature(fn_traits)]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/canonicalizer.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/canonicalizer.rs
index aa4fd055d5e..c68705da413 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/canonicalizer.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/canonicalizer.rs
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> TypeFolder<'tcx> for Canonicalizer<'cx, 'tcx> {
         self.tcx
     }
 
-    fn fold_binder<T>(&mut self, t: ty::Binder<T>) -> ty::Binder<T>
+    fn fold_binder<T>(&mut self, t: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>) -> ty::Binder<'tcx, T>
     where
         T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
     {
@@ -621,7 +621,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> Canonicalizer<'cx, 'tcx> {
         r: ty::Region<'tcx>,
     ) -> ty::Region<'tcx> {
         let var = self.canonical_var(info, r.into());
-        let br = ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrAnon(var.as_u32()) };
+        let br = ty::BoundRegion { var, kind: ty::BrAnon(var.as_u32()) };
         let region = ty::ReLateBound(self.binder_index, br);
         self.tcx().mk_region(region)
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/query_response.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/query_response.rs
index 2ec9b9e0be4..b8ecc949588 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/query_response.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/query_response.rs
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ use rustc_middle::ty::relate::TypeRelation;
 use rustc_middle::ty::subst::{GenericArg, GenericArgKind};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, BoundVar, Const, ToPredicate, Ty, TyCtxt};
 use std::fmt::Debug;
+use std::iter;
 
 impl<'cx, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'cx, 'tcx> {
     /// This method is meant to be invoked as the final step of a canonical query
@@ -418,7 +419,8 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'cx, 'tcx> {
 
         // In terms of our example above, we are iterating over pairs like:
         // [(?A, Vec<?0>), ('static, '?1), (?B, ?0)]
-        for (original_value, result_value) in original_values.var_values.iter().zip(result_values) {
+        for (original_value, result_value) in iter::zip(&original_values.var_values, result_values)
+        {
             match result_value.unpack() {
                 GenericArgKind::Type(result_value) => {
                     // e.g., here `result_value` might be `?0` in the example above...
@@ -437,7 +439,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'cx, 'tcx> {
 
                         // We only allow a `ty::INNERMOST` index in substitutions.
                         assert_eq!(debruijn, ty::INNERMOST);
-                        opt_values[br.assert_bound_var()] = Some(*original_value);
+                        opt_values[br.var] = Some(*original_value);
                     }
                 }
                 GenericArgKind::Const(result_value) => {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/substitute.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/substitute.rs
index 387f480814a..553a11d4393 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/substitute.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/substitute.rs
@@ -71,11 +71,10 @@ where
     if var_values.var_values.is_empty() {
         value
     } else {
-        let fld_r =
-            |br: ty::BoundRegion| match var_values.var_values[br.assert_bound_var()].unpack() {
-                GenericArgKind::Lifetime(l) => l,
-                r => bug!("{:?} is a region but value is {:?}", br, r),
-            };
+        let fld_r = |br: ty::BoundRegion| match var_values.var_values[br.var].unpack() {
+            GenericArgKind::Lifetime(l) => l,
+            r => bug!("{:?} is a region but value is {:?}", br, r),
+        };
 
         let fld_t = |bound_ty: ty::BoundTy| match var_values.var_values[bound_ty.var].unpack() {
             GenericArgKind::Type(ty) => ty,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/combine.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/combine.rs
index 5e11932eafc..debf1082537 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/combine.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/combine.rs
@@ -543,15 +543,11 @@ impl TypeRelation<'tcx> for Generalizer<'_, 'tcx> {
         true
     }
 
-    fn visit_ct_substs(&self) -> bool {
-        true
-    }
-
     fn binders<T>(
         &mut self,
-        a: ty::Binder<T>,
-        b: ty::Binder<T>,
-    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<T>>
+        a: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+        b: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<'tcx, T>>
     where
         T: Relate<'tcx>,
     {
@@ -737,6 +733,16 @@ impl TypeRelation<'tcx> for Generalizer<'_, 'tcx> {
                     }
                 }
             }
+            ty::ConstKind::Unevaluated(ty::Unevaluated { def, substs, promoted })
+                if self.tcx().lazy_normalization() =>
+            {
+                assert_eq!(promoted, None);
+                let substs = self.relate_with_variance(ty::Variance::Invariant, substs, substs)?;
+                Ok(self.tcx().mk_const(ty::Const {
+                    ty: c.ty,
+                    val: ty::ConstKind::Unevaluated(ty::Unevaluated { def, substs, promoted }),
+                }))
+            }
             _ => relate::super_relate_consts(self, c, c),
         }
     }
@@ -822,10 +828,6 @@ impl TypeRelation<'tcx> for ConstInferUnifier<'_, 'tcx> {
         true
     }
 
-    fn visit_ct_substs(&self) -> bool {
-        true
-    }
-
     fn relate_with_variance<T: Relate<'tcx>>(
         &mut self,
         _variance: ty::Variance,
@@ -838,9 +840,9 @@ impl TypeRelation<'tcx> for ConstInferUnifier<'_, 'tcx> {
 
     fn binders<T>(
         &mut self,
-        a: ty::Binder<T>,
-        b: ty::Binder<T>,
-    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<T>>
+        a: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+        b: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<'tcx, T>>
     where
         T: Relate<'tcx>,
     {
@@ -959,6 +961,16 @@ impl TypeRelation<'tcx> for ConstInferUnifier<'_, 'tcx> {
                     }
                 }
             }
+            ty::ConstKind::Unevaluated(ty::Unevaluated { def, substs, promoted })
+                if self.tcx().lazy_normalization() =>
+            {
+                assert_eq!(promoted, None);
+                let substs = self.relate_with_variance(ty::Variance::Invariant, substs, substs)?;
+                Ok(self.tcx().mk_const(ty::Const {
+                    ty: c.ty,
+                    val: ty::ConstKind::Unevaluated(ty::Unevaluated { def, substs, promoted }),
+                }))
+            }
             _ => relate::super_relate_consts(self, c, c),
         }
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/equate.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/equate.rs
index 7c388b5503e..45ba50bb634 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/equate.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/equate.rs
@@ -124,9 +124,9 @@ impl TypeRelation<'tcx> for Equate<'combine, 'infcx, 'tcx> {
 
     fn binders<T>(
         &mut self,
-        a: ty::Binder<T>,
-        b: ty::Binder<T>,
-    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<T>>
+        a: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+        b: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<'tcx, T>>
     where
         T: Relate<'tcx>,
     {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/mod.rs
index c171b11e3ff..a91bd9ce2ff 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/mod.rs
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ use rustc_middle::ty::{
 use rustc_span::{sym, BytePos, DesugaringKind, Pos, Span};
 use rustc_target::spec::abi;
 use std::ops::ControlFlow;
-use std::{cmp, fmt};
+use std::{cmp, fmt, iter};
 
 mod note;
 
@@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
 
             fn print_dyn_existential(
                 self,
-                _predicates: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
+                _predicates: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
             ) -> Result<Self::DynExistential, Self::Error> {
                 Err(NonTrivialPath)
             }
@@ -963,7 +963,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             ty::GenericParamDefKind::Const { has_default: true } => Some(param.def_id),
             _ => None,
         });
-        for (def_id, actual) in default_params.zip(substs.iter().rev()) {
+        for (def_id, actual) in iter::zip(default_params, substs.iter().rev()) {
             match actual.unpack() {
                 GenericArgKind::Const(c) => {
                     if self.tcx.const_param_default(def_id).subst(self.tcx, substs) != c {
@@ -1040,7 +1040,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         let len1 = sig1.inputs().len();
         let len2 = sig2.inputs().len();
         if len1 == len2 {
-            for (i, (l, r)) in sig1.inputs().iter().zip(sig2.inputs().iter()).enumerate() {
+            for (i, (l, r)) in iter::zip(sig1.inputs(), sig2.inputs()).enumerate() {
                 let (x1, x2) = self.cmp(l, r);
                 (values.0).0.extend(x1.0);
                 (values.1).0.extend(x2.0);
@@ -1161,12 +1161,10 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                     let common_len = cmp::min(len1, len2);
                     let remainder1: Vec<_> = sub1.types().skip(common_len).collect();
                     let remainder2: Vec<_> = sub2.types().skip(common_len).collect();
-                    let common_default_params = remainder1
-                        .iter()
-                        .rev()
-                        .zip(remainder2.iter().rev())
-                        .filter(|(a, b)| a == b)
-                        .count();
+                    let common_default_params =
+                        iter::zip(remainder1.iter().rev(), remainder2.iter().rev())
+                            .filter(|(a, b)| a == b)
+                            .count();
                     let len = sub1.len() - common_default_params;
                     let consts_offset = len - sub1.consts().count();
 
@@ -1297,12 +1295,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
 
                     const SEPARATOR: &str = "::";
                     let separator_len = SEPARATOR.len();
-                    let split_idx: usize = t1_str
-                        .split(SEPARATOR)
-                        .zip(t2_str.split(SEPARATOR))
-                        .take_while(|(mod1_str, mod2_str)| mod1_str == mod2_str)
-                        .map(|(mod_str, _)| mod_str.len() + separator_len)
-                        .sum();
+                    let split_idx: usize =
+                        iter::zip(t1_str.split(SEPARATOR), t2_str.split(SEPARATOR))
+                            .take_while(|(mod1_str, mod2_str)| mod1_str == mod2_str)
+                            .map(|(mod_str, _)| mod_str.len() + separator_len)
+                            .sum();
 
                     debug!(
                         "cmp: separator_len={}, split_idx={}, min_len={}",
@@ -1907,7 +1904,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                         .find_map(|(path, msg)| (&path_str == path).then_some(msg))
                     {
                         let mut show_suggestion = true;
-                        for (exp_ty, found_ty) in exp_substs.types().zip(found_substs.types()) {
+                        for (exp_ty, found_ty) in
+                            iter::zip(exp_substs.types(), found_substs.types())
+                        {
                             match *exp_ty.kind() {
                                 ty::Ref(_, exp_ty, _) => {
                                     match (exp_ty.kind(), found_ty.kind()) {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/need_type_info.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/need_type_info.rs
index d533e267fd7..d9a1193aac4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/need_type_info.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/need_type_info.rs
@@ -287,6 +287,7 @@ pub struct InferenceDiagnosticsData {
 pub struct InferenceDiagnosticsParentData {
     pub prefix: &'static str,
     pub name: String,
+    pub def_id: DefId,
 }
 
 pub enum UnderspecifiedArgKind {
@@ -328,6 +329,7 @@ impl InferenceDiagnosticsParentData {
         Some(InferenceDiagnosticsParentData {
             prefix: tcx.def_kind(parent_def_id).descr(parent_def_id),
             name: parent_name,
+            def_id: parent_def_id,
         })
     }
 }
@@ -754,12 +756,30 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             if let (UnderspecifiedArgKind::Const { .. }, Some(parent_data)) =
                 (&arg_data.kind, &arg_data.parent)
             {
-                err.span_suggestion_verbose(
-                    span,
-                    "consider specifying the const argument",
-                    format!("{}::<{}>", parent_data.name, arg_data.name),
-                    Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
-                );
+                let has_impl_trait =
+                    self.tcx.generics_of(parent_data.def_id).params.iter().any(|param| {
+                        matches!(
+                            param.kind,
+                            ty::GenericParamDefKind::Type {
+                                synthetic: Some(
+                                    hir::SyntheticTyParamKind::ImplTrait
+                                        | hir::SyntheticTyParamKind::FromAttr,
+                                ),
+                                ..
+                            }
+                        )
+                    });
+
+                // (#83606): Do not emit a suggestion if the parent has an `impl Trait`
+                // as an argument otherwise it will cause the E0282 error.
+                if !has_impl_trait {
+                    err.span_suggestion_verbose(
+                        span,
+                        "consider specifying the const argument",
+                        format!("{}::<{}>", parent_data.name, arg_data.name),
+                        Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
+                    );
+                }
             }
 
             err.span_label(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/find_anon_type.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/find_anon_type.rs
index 35b9bc96f13..58eb1e9aa12 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/find_anon_type.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/find_anon_type.rs
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ impl Visitor<'tcx> for FindNestedTypeVisitor<'tcx> {
                     // error. We will then search the function parameters for a bound
                     // region at the right depth with the same index
                     (
-                        Some(rl::Region::LateBoundAnon(debruijn_index, anon_index)),
+                        Some(rl::Region::LateBoundAnon(debruijn_index, _, anon_index)),
                         ty::BrAnon(br_index),
                     ) => {
                         debug!(
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ impl Visitor<'tcx> for FindNestedTypeVisitor<'tcx> {
                     // error. We will then search the function parameters for a bound
                     // region at the right depth with the same index
                     (
-                        Some(rl::Region::LateBound(debruijn_index, id, _)),
+                        Some(rl::Region::LateBound(debruijn_index, _, id, _)),
                         ty::BrNamed(def_id, _),
                     ) => {
                         debug!(
@@ -162,8 +162,8 @@ impl Visitor<'tcx> for FindNestedTypeVisitor<'tcx> {
                             rl::Region::Static
                             | rl::Region::Free(_, _)
                             | rl::Region::EarlyBound(_, _, _)
-                            | rl::Region::LateBound(_, _, _)
-                            | rl::Region::LateBoundAnon(_, _),
+                            | rl::Region::LateBound(_, _, _, _)
+                            | rl::Region::LateBoundAnon(_, _, _),
                         )
                         | None,
                         _,
@@ -217,7 +217,10 @@ impl Visitor<'tcx> for TyPathVisitor<'tcx> {
     fn visit_lifetime(&mut self, lifetime: &hir::Lifetime) {
         match (self.tcx.named_region(lifetime.hir_id), self.bound_region) {
             // the lifetime of the TyPath!
-            (Some(rl::Region::LateBoundAnon(debruijn_index, anon_index)), ty::BrAnon(br_index)) => {
+            (
+                Some(rl::Region::LateBoundAnon(debruijn_index, _, anon_index)),
+                ty::BrAnon(br_index),
+            ) => {
                 if debruijn_index == self.current_index && anon_index == br_index {
                     self.found_it = true;
                     return;
@@ -232,7 +235,7 @@ impl Visitor<'tcx> for TyPathVisitor<'tcx> {
                 }
             }
 
-            (Some(rl::Region::LateBound(debruijn_index, id, _)), ty::BrNamed(def_id, _)) => {
+            (Some(rl::Region::LateBound(debruijn_index, _, id, _)), ty::BrNamed(def_id, _)) => {
                 debug!("FindNestedTypeVisitor::visit_ty: LateBound depth = {:?}", debruijn_index,);
                 debug!("id={:?}", id);
                 debug!("def_id={:?}", def_id);
@@ -246,8 +249,8 @@ impl Visitor<'tcx> for TyPathVisitor<'tcx> {
                 Some(
                     rl::Region::Static
                     | rl::Region::EarlyBound(_, _, _)
-                    | rl::Region::LateBound(_, _, _)
-                    | rl::Region::LateBoundAnon(_, _)
+                    | rl::Region::LateBound(_, _, _, _)
+                    | rl::Region::LateBoundAnon(_, _, _)
                     | rl::Region::Free(_, _),
                 )
                 | None,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/glb.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/glb.rs
index ccba904df9e..02662043dba 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/glb.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/glb.rs
@@ -85,9 +85,9 @@ impl TypeRelation<'tcx> for Glb<'combine, 'infcx, 'tcx> {
 
     fn binders<T>(
         &mut self,
-        a: ty::Binder<T>,
-        b: ty::Binder<T>,
-    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<T>>
+        a: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+        b: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<'tcx, T>>
     where
         T: Relate<'tcx>,
     {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/higher_ranked/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/higher_ranked/mod.rs
index e794903fca3..d460222df8a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/higher_ranked/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/higher_ranked/mod.rs
@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@ use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Binder, TypeFoldable};
 impl<'a, 'tcx> CombineFields<'a, 'tcx> {
     pub fn higher_ranked_sub<T>(
         &mut self,
-        a: Binder<T>,
-        b: Binder<T>,
+        a: Binder<'tcx, T>,
+        b: Binder<'tcx, T>,
         a_is_expected: bool,
-    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, Binder<T>>
+    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, Binder<'tcx, T>>
     where
         T: Relate<'tcx>,
     {
@@ -50,7 +50,10 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> CombineFields<'a, 'tcx> {
 
             debug!("higher_ranked_sub: OK result={:?}", result);
 
-            Ok(ty::Binder::bind(result))
+            // We related `a_prime` and `b_prime`, which just had any bound vars
+            // replaced with placeholders or infer vars, respectively. Relating
+            // them should not introduce new bound vars.
+            Ok(ty::Binder::dummy(result))
         })
     }
 }
@@ -66,7 +69,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
     /// the [rustc dev guide].
     ///
     /// [rustc dev guide]: https://rustc-dev-guide.rust-lang.org/traits/hrtb.html
-    pub fn replace_bound_vars_with_placeholders<T>(&self, binder: ty::Binder<T>) -> T
+    pub fn replace_bound_vars_with_placeholders<T>(&self, binder: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>) -> T
     where
         T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
     {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/lub.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/lub.rs
index 9f43fac0916..4fa8f2f1a6a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/lub.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/lub.rs
@@ -85,9 +85,9 @@ impl TypeRelation<'tcx> for Lub<'combine, 'infcx, 'tcx> {
 
     fn binders<T>(
         &mut self,
-        a: ty::Binder<T>,
-        b: ty::Binder<T>,
-    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<T>>
+        a: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+        b: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<'tcx, T>>
     where
         T: Relate<'tcx>,
     {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/mod.rs
index 7b18f4d0ff6..eaec6b46bcd 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/mod.rs
@@ -1266,15 +1266,6 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         self.resolve_vars_if_possible(t).to_string()
     }
 
-    pub fn tys_to_string(&self, ts: &[Ty<'tcx>]) -> String {
-        let tstrs: Vec<String> = ts.iter().map(|t| self.ty_to_string(*t)).collect();
-        format!("({})", tstrs.join(", "))
-    }
-
-    pub fn trait_ref_to_string(&self, t: ty::TraitRef<'tcx>) -> String {
-        self.resolve_vars_if_possible(t).print_only_trait_path().to_string()
-    }
-
     /// If `TyVar(vid)` resolves to a type, return that type. Else, return the
     /// universe index of `TyVar(vid)`.
     pub fn probe_ty_var(&self, vid: TyVid) -> Result<Ty<'tcx>, ty::UniverseIndex> {
@@ -1415,7 +1406,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         &self,
         span: Span,
         lbrct: LateBoundRegionConversionTime,
-        value: ty::Binder<T>,
+        value: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
     ) -> (T, BTreeMap<ty::BoundRegion, ty::Region<'tcx>>)
     where
         T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
@@ -1704,14 +1695,6 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeTrace<'tcx> {
     ) -> TypeTrace<'tcx> {
         TypeTrace { cause: cause.clone(), values: Consts(ExpectedFound::new(a_is_expected, a, b)) }
     }
-
-    pub fn dummy(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> TypeTrace<'tcx> {
-        let err = tcx.ty_error();
-        TypeTrace {
-            cause: ObligationCause::dummy(),
-            values: Types(ExpectedFound { expected: err, found: err }),
-        }
-    }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> SubregionOrigin<'tcx> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/nll_relate/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/nll_relate/mod.rs
index e5eb771603c..fc9ea07866c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/nll_relate/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/nll_relate/mod.rs
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ where
 
     fn create_scope(
         &mut self,
-        value: ty::Binder<impl Relate<'tcx>>,
+        value: ty::Binder<'tcx, impl Relate<'tcx>>,
         universally_quantified: UniversallyQuantified,
     ) -> BoundRegionScope<'tcx> {
         let mut scope = BoundRegionScope::default();
@@ -608,9 +608,9 @@ where
 
     fn binders<T>(
         &mut self,
-        a: ty::Binder<T>,
-        b: ty::Binder<T>,
-    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<T>>
+        a: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+        b: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<'tcx, T>>
     where
         T: Relate<'tcx>,
     {
@@ -744,7 +744,7 @@ struct ScopeInstantiator<'me, 'tcx> {
 impl<'me, 'tcx> TypeVisitor<'tcx> for ScopeInstantiator<'me, 'tcx> {
     fn visit_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(
         &mut self,
-        t: &ty::Binder<T>,
+        t: &ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
     ) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
         self.target_index.shift_in(1);
         t.super_visit_with(self);
@@ -997,9 +997,9 @@ where
 
     fn binders<T>(
         &mut self,
-        a: ty::Binder<T>,
-        _: ty::Binder<T>,
-    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<T>>
+        a: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+        _: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<'tcx, T>>
     where
         T: Relate<'tcx>,
     {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/env.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/env.rs
index 1a9e20e79fe..9e04773c5fa 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/env.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/env.rs
@@ -92,11 +92,6 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> OutlivesEnvironment<'tcx> {
         &self.region_bound_pairs_map
     }
 
-    /// Returns ownership of the `free_region_map`.
-    pub fn into_free_region_map(self) -> FreeRegionMap<'tcx> {
-        self.free_region_map
-    }
-
     /// This is a hack to support the old-skool regionck, which
     /// processes region constraints from the main function and the
     /// closure together. In that context, when we enter a closure, we
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/obligations.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/obligations.rs
index 16d86e6243d..3e2978fd170 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/obligations.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/obligations.rs
@@ -186,28 +186,6 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'cx, 'tcx> {
             }
         }
     }
-
-    /// Processes a single ad-hoc region obligation that was not
-    /// registered in advance.
-    pub fn type_must_outlive(
-        &self,
-        region_bound_pairs: &RegionBoundPairs<'tcx>,
-        implicit_region_bound: Option<ty::Region<'tcx>>,
-        param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
-        origin: infer::SubregionOrigin<'tcx>,
-        ty: Ty<'tcx>,
-        region: ty::Region<'tcx>,
-    ) {
-        let outlives = &mut TypeOutlives::new(
-            self,
-            self.tcx,
-            region_bound_pairs,
-            implicit_region_bound,
-            param_env,
-        );
-        let ty = self.resolve_vars_if_possible(ty);
-        outlives.type_must_outlive(origin, ty, region);
-    }
 }
 
 /// The `TypeOutlives` struct has the job of "lowering" a `T: 'a`
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/region_constraints/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/region_constraints/mod.rs
index 2902c41a6bc..9ffcddfae99 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/region_constraints/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/region_constraints/mod.rs
@@ -309,31 +309,6 @@ pub struct RegionSnapshot {
     any_unifications: bool,
 }
 
-/// When working with placeholder regions, we often wish to find all of
-/// the regions that are either reachable from a placeholder region, or
-/// which can reach a placeholder region, or both. We call such regions
-/// *tainted* regions. This struct allows you to decide what set of
-/// tainted regions you want.
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct TaintDirections {
-    incoming: bool,
-    outgoing: bool,
-}
-
-impl TaintDirections {
-    pub fn incoming() -> Self {
-        TaintDirections { incoming: true, outgoing: false }
-    }
-
-    pub fn outgoing() -> Self {
-        TaintDirections { incoming: false, outgoing: true }
-    }
-
-    pub fn both() -> Self {
-        TaintDirections { incoming: true, outgoing: true }
-    }
-}
-
 impl<'tcx> RegionConstraintStorage<'tcx> {
     pub fn new() -> Self {
         Self::default()
@@ -472,11 +447,6 @@ impl<'tcx> RegionConstraintCollector<'_, 'tcx> {
         self.var_infos[vid].universe
     }
 
-    /// Returns the origin for the given variable.
-    pub fn var_origin(&self, vid: RegionVid) -> RegionVariableOrigin {
-        self.var_infos[vid].origin
-    }
-
     fn add_constraint(&mut self, constraint: Constraint<'tcx>, origin: SubregionOrigin<'tcx>) {
         // cannot add constraints once regions are resolved
         debug!("RegionConstraintCollector: add_constraint({:?})", constraint);
@@ -795,16 +765,6 @@ impl<'tcx> VerifyBound<'tcx> {
             VerifyBound::AnyBound(vec![self, vb])
         }
     }
-
-    pub fn and(self, vb: VerifyBound<'tcx>) -> VerifyBound<'tcx> {
-        if self.must_hold() && vb.must_hold() {
-            self
-        } else if self.cannot_hold() && vb.cannot_hold() {
-            self
-        } else {
-            VerifyBound::AllBounds(vec![self, vb])
-        }
-    }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> RegionConstraintData<'tcx> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/sub.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/sub.rs
index 66871985158..bf5f328233d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/sub.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/sub.rs
@@ -162,9 +162,9 @@ impl TypeRelation<'tcx> for Sub<'combine, 'infcx, 'tcx> {
 
     fn binders<T>(
         &mut self,
-        a: ty::Binder<T>,
-        b: ty::Binder<T>,
-    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<T>>
+        a: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+        b: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<'tcx, T>>
     where
         T: Relate<'tcx>,
     {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/type_variable.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/type_variable.rs
index 35b97fff3da..683c1df783e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/type_variable.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/type_variable.rs
@@ -146,9 +146,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeVariableValue<'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
-pub(crate) struct Instantiate {
-    vid: ty::TyVid,
-}
+pub(crate) struct Instantiate;
 
 pub(crate) struct Delegate;
 
@@ -224,7 +222,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeVariableTable<'_, 'tcx> {
         // Hack: we only need this so that `types_escaping_snapshot`
         // can see what has been unified; see the Delegate impl for
         // more details.
-        self.undo_log.push(Instantiate { vid });
+        self.undo_log.push(Instantiate);
     }
 
     /// Creates a new type variable.
@@ -346,56 +344,6 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeVariableTable<'_, 'tcx> {
         )
     }
 
-    /// Finds the set of type variables that existed *before* `s`
-    /// but which have only been unified since `s` started, and
-    /// return the types with which they were unified. So if we had
-    /// a type variable `V0`, then we started the snapshot, then we
-    /// created a type variable `V1`, unified `V0` with `T0`, and
-    /// unified `V1` with `T1`, this function would return `{T0}`.
-    pub fn types_escaping_snapshot(&mut self, s: &super::Snapshot<'tcx>) -> Vec<Ty<'tcx>> {
-        let mut new_elem_threshold = u32::MAX;
-        let mut escaping_types = Vec::new();
-        let actions_since_snapshot = self.undo_log.actions_since_snapshot(s);
-        debug!("actions_since_snapshot.len() = {}", actions_since_snapshot.len());
-        for i in 0..actions_since_snapshot.len() {
-            let actions_since_snapshot = self.undo_log.actions_since_snapshot(s);
-            match actions_since_snapshot[i] {
-                super::UndoLog::TypeVariables(UndoLog::Values(sv::UndoLog::NewElem(index))) => {
-                    // if any new variables were created during the
-                    // snapshot, remember the lower index (which will
-                    // always be the first one we see). Note that this
-                    // action must precede those variables being
-                    // specified.
-                    new_elem_threshold = cmp::min(new_elem_threshold, index as u32);
-                    debug!("NewElem({}) new_elem_threshold={}", index, new_elem_threshold);
-                }
-
-                super::UndoLog::TypeVariables(UndoLog::Values(sv::UndoLog::Other(
-                    Instantiate { vid, .. },
-                ))) => {
-                    if vid.index < new_elem_threshold {
-                        // quick check to see if this variable was
-                        // created since the snapshot started or not.
-                        let mut eq_relations = ut::UnificationTable::with_log(
-                            &mut self.storage.eq_relations,
-                            &mut *self.undo_log,
-                        );
-                        let escaping_type = match eq_relations.probe_value(vid) {
-                            TypeVariableValue::Unknown { .. } => bug!(),
-                            TypeVariableValue::Known { value } => value,
-                        };
-                        escaping_types.push(escaping_type);
-                    }
-                    debug!("SpecifyVar({:?}) new_elem_threshold={}", vid, new_elem_threshold);
-                }
-
-                _ => {}
-            }
-        }
-
-        escaping_types
-    }
-
     /// Returns indices of all variables that are not yet
     /// instantiated.
     pub fn unsolved_variables(&mut self) -> Vec<ty::TyVid> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/undo_log.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/undo_log.rs
index 4be0e7948f7..f41e872e004 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/undo_log.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/undo_log.rs
@@ -165,10 +165,6 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtInner<'tcx> {
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> InferCtxtUndoLogs<'tcx> {
-    pub fn actions_since_snapshot(&self, snapshot: &Snapshot<'tcx>) -> &[UndoLog<'tcx>] {
-        &self.logs[snapshot.undo_len..]
-    }
-
     pub fn start_snapshot(&mut self) -> Snapshot<'tcx> {
         self.num_open_snapshots += 1;
         Snapshot { undo_len: self.logs.len(), _marker: PhantomData }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/lib.rs
index 4ec229ebcf5..d352214b579 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/lib.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #![feature(const_fn)]
 #![feature(const_panic)]
 #![feature(extend_one)]
+#![feature(iter_zip)]
 #![feature(never_type)]
 #![cfg_attr(bootstrap, feature(or_patterns))]
 #![feature(in_band_lifetimes)]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs
index ad15af9ab3f..0ac4b6b25bb 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
 use rustc_span::symbol::Symbol;
 use rustc_span::{MultiSpan, Span};
 use std::fmt;
+use std::iter;
 
 impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
     pub fn report_extra_impl_obligation(
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ pub fn report_object_safety_error(
         note_span
             .push_span_label(trait_span, "this trait cannot be made into an object...".to_string());
     }
-    for (span, msg) in multi_span.into_iter().zip(messages.into_iter()) {
+    for (span, msg) in iter::zip(multi_span, messages) {
         note_span.push_span_label(span, msg);
     }
     err.span_note(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/mod.rs
index 0882d682e15..a33234a91fa 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/mod.rs
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ impl<'tcx> FulfillmentError<'tcx> {
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> TraitObligation<'tcx> {
-    pub fn self_ty(&self) -> ty::Binder<Ty<'tcx>> {
+    pub fn self_ty(&self) -> ty::Binder<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>> {
         self.predicate.map_bound(|p| p.self_ty())
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/passes.rs b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/passes.rs
index 94be7a03a93..c693155994f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/passes.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/passes.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ use rustc_expand::base::ExtCtxt;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{CrateNum, LOCAL_CRATE};
 use rustc_hir::definitions::Definitions;
 use rustc_hir::Crate;
-use rustc_index::vec::IndexVec;
 use rustc_lint::LintStore;
 use rustc_middle::arena::Arena;
 use rustc_middle::dep_graph::DepGraph;
@@ -788,13 +787,7 @@ pub fn create_global_ctxt<'tcx>(
         callback(sess, &mut local_providers, &mut extern_providers);
     }
 
-    let queries = {
-        let crates = resolver_outputs.cstore.crates_untracked();
-        let max_cnum = crates.iter().map(|c| c.as_usize()).max().unwrap_or(0);
-        let mut providers = IndexVec::from_elem_n(extern_providers, max_cnum + 1);
-        providers[LOCAL_CRATE] = local_providers;
-        queries.get_or_init(|| TcxQueries::new(providers, extern_providers))
-    };
+    let queries = queries.get_or_init(|| TcxQueries::new(local_providers, extern_providers));
 
     let gcx = sess.time("setup_global_ctxt", || {
         global_ctxt.get_or_init(|| {
@@ -1028,9 +1021,6 @@ pub fn start_codegen<'tcx>(
         rustc_symbol_mangling::test::report_symbol_names(tcx);
     }
 
-    tcx.sess.time("assert_dep_graph", || rustc_incremental::assert_dep_graph(tcx));
-    tcx.sess.time("serialize_dep_graph", || rustc_incremental::save_dep_graph(tcx));
-
     info!("Post-codegen\n{:?}", tcx.debug_stats());
 
     if tcx.sess.opts.output_types.contains_key(&OutputType::Mir) {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/queries.rs b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/queries.rs
index 9c38d2b91ab..01853eab530 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/queries.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/queries.rs
@@ -207,7 +207,13 @@ impl<'tcx> Queries<'tcx> {
                                 })
                                 .open(self.session())
                         });
-                    DepGraph::new(prev_graph, prev_work_products)
+
+                    rustc_incremental::build_dep_graph(
+                        self.session(),
+                        prev_graph,
+                        prev_work_products,
+                    )
+                    .unwrap_or_else(DepGraph::new_disabled)
                 }
             })
         })
@@ -435,6 +441,9 @@ impl Compiler {
             if self.session().opts.debugging_opts.query_stats {
                 gcx.enter(rustc_query_impl::print_stats);
             }
+
+            self.session()
+                .time("serialize_dep_graph", || gcx.enter(rustc_incremental::save_dep_graph));
         }
 
         _timer = Some(self.session().timer("free_global_ctxt"));
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/tests.rs b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/tests.rs
index 8e6a1ec5095..1653d3bdba1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/tests.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/tests.rs
@@ -471,7 +471,6 @@ fn test_debugging_options_tracking_hash() {
     untracked!(ast_json, true);
     untracked!(ast_json_noexpand, true);
     untracked!(borrowck, String::from("other"));
-    untracked!(borrowck_stats, true);
     untracked!(deduplicate_diagnostics, true);
     untracked!(dep_tasks, true);
     untracked!(dont_buffer_diagnostics, true);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/builtin.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/builtin.rs
index 1a8bbb67cfe..3f16bb9f442 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/builtin.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/builtin.rs
@@ -481,7 +481,7 @@ fn has_doc(sess: &Session, attr: &ast::Attribute) -> bool {
         return false;
     }
 
-    if attr.is_value_str() {
+    if attr.value_str().is_some() {
         return true;
     }
 
@@ -565,7 +565,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for MissingDoc {
     }
 
     fn check_crate(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'_>, krate: &hir::Crate<'_>) {
-        self.check_missing_docs_attrs(cx, hir::CRATE_HIR_ID, krate.item.span, "the", "crate");
+        self.check_missing_docs_attrs(cx, hir::CRATE_HIR_ID, krate.item.inner, "the", "crate");
 
         for macro_def in krate.exported_macros {
             let attrs = cx.tcx.hir().attrs(macro_def.hir_id());
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/context.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/context.rs
index c9de85a2f18..14bd823ea22 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/context.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/context.rs
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ use rustc_target::abi::LayoutOf;
 use tracing::debug;
 
 use std::cell::Cell;
+use std::iter;
 use std::slice;
 
 /// Information about the registered lints.
@@ -176,6 +177,7 @@ impl LintStore {
         self.early_passes.push(Box::new(pass));
     }
 
+    /// Used by clippy.
     pub fn register_pre_expansion_pass(
         &mut self,
         pass: impl Fn() -> EarlyLintPassObject + 'static + sync::Send + sync::Sync,
@@ -861,10 +863,12 @@ impl<'tcx> LateContext<'tcx> {
     ///     // The given `def_id` is that of an `Option` type
     /// }
     /// ```
+    ///
+    /// Used by clippy, but should be replaced by diagnostic items eventually.
     pub fn match_def_path(&self, def_id: DefId, path: &[Symbol]) -> bool {
         let names = self.get_def_path(def_id);
 
-        names.len() == path.len() && names.into_iter().zip(path.iter()).all(|(a, &b)| a == b)
+        names.len() == path.len() && iter::zip(names, path).all(|(a, &b)| a == b)
     }
 
     /// Gets the absolute path of `def_id` as a vector of `Symbol`.
@@ -905,7 +909,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateContext<'tcx> {
 
             fn print_dyn_existential(
                 self,
-                _predicates: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
+                _predicates: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
             ) -> Result<Self::DynExistential, Self::Error> {
                 Ok(())
             }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/levels.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/levels.rs
index a332c300787..863023fa7b5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/levels.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/levels.rs
@@ -564,10 +564,6 @@ impl<'s> LintLevelsBuilder<'s> {
         self.id_to_set.insert(id, self.cur);
     }
 
-    pub fn build(self) -> LintLevelSets {
-        self.sets
-    }
-
     pub fn build_map(self) -> LintLevelMap {
         LintLevelMap { sets: self.sets, id_to_set: self.id_to_set }
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/lib.rs
index cacdf260548..e2724b52453 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/lib.rs
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 #![feature(box_patterns)]
 #![feature(crate_visibility_modifier)]
 #![feature(iter_order_by)]
+#![feature(iter_zip)]
 #![feature(never_type)]
 #![feature(nll)]
 #![cfg_attr(bootstrap, feature(or_patterns))]
@@ -325,6 +326,7 @@ fn register_builtins(store: &mut LintStore, no_interleave_lints: bool) {
     store.register_renamed("exceeding_bitshifts", "arithmetic_overflow");
     store.register_renamed("redundant_semicolon", "redundant_semicolons");
     store.register_renamed("overlapping_patterns", "overlapping_range_endpoints");
+    store.register_renamed("safe_packed_borrows", "unaligned_references");
 
     // These were moved to tool lints, but rustc still sees them when compiling normally, before
     // tool lints are registered, so `check_tool_name_for_backwards_compat` doesn't work. Use
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/types.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/types.rs
index 2d311cc32f8..9c94bab04e9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/types.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/types.rs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ use rustc_target::abi::{Integer, LayoutOf, TagEncoding, VariantIdx, Variants};
 use rustc_target::spec::abi::Abi as SpecAbi;
 
 use std::cmp;
+use std::iter;
 use std::ops::ControlFlow;
 use tracing::debug;
 
@@ -1255,7 +1256,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ImproperCTypesVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
         let sig = self.cx.tcx.fn_sig(def_id);
         let sig = self.cx.tcx.erase_late_bound_regions(sig);
 
-        for (input_ty, input_hir) in sig.inputs().iter().zip(decl.inputs) {
+        for (input_ty, input_hir) in iter::zip(sig.inputs(), decl.inputs) {
             self.check_type_for_ffi_and_report_errors(input_hir.span, input_ty, false, false);
         }
 
@@ -1355,10 +1356,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for VariantSizeDifferences {
                 layout
             );
 
-            let (largest, slargest, largest_index) = enum_definition
-                .variants
-                .iter()
-                .zip(variants)
+            let (largest, slargest, largest_index) = iter::zip(enum_definition.variants, variants)
                 .map(|(variant, variant_layout)| {
                     // Subtract the size of the enum tag.
                     let bytes = variant_layout.size.bytes().saturating_sub(tag_size);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint_defs/src/builtin.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint_defs/src/builtin.rs
index cd4d01ddc05..4eaee7bf6e8 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint_defs/src/builtin.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint_defs/src/builtin.rs
@@ -1057,6 +1057,7 @@ declare_lint! {
     ///     unsafe {
     ///         let foo = Foo { field1: 0, field2: 0 };
     ///         let _ = &foo.field1;
+    ///         println!("{}", foo.field1); // An implicit `&` is added here, triggering the lint.
     ///     }
     /// }
     /// ```
@@ -1065,20 +1066,20 @@ declare_lint! {
     ///
     /// ### Explanation
     ///
-    /// Creating a reference to an insufficiently aligned packed field is
-    /// [undefined behavior] and should be disallowed.
-    ///
-    /// This lint is "allow" by default because there is no stable
-    /// alternative, and it is not yet certain how widespread existing code
-    /// will trigger this lint.
-    ///
-    /// See [issue #27060] for more discussion.
+    /// Creating a reference to an insufficiently aligned packed field is [undefined behavior] and
+    /// should be disallowed. Using an `unsafe` block does not change anything about this. Instead,
+    /// the code should do a copy of the data in the packed field or use raw pointers and unaligned
+    /// accesses. See [issue #82523] for more information.
     ///
     /// [undefined behavior]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/behavior-considered-undefined.html
-    /// [issue #27060]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/27060
+    /// [issue #82523]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/82523
     pub UNALIGNED_REFERENCES,
-    Allow,
+    Warn,
     "detects unaligned references to fields of packed structs",
+    @future_incompatible = FutureIncompatibleInfo {
+        reference: "issue #82523 <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/82523>",
+        edition: None,
+    };
     report_in_external_macro
 }
 
@@ -1151,49 +1152,6 @@ declare_lint! {
 }
 
 declare_lint! {
-    /// The `safe_packed_borrows` lint detects borrowing a field in the
-    /// interior of a packed structure with alignment other than 1.
-    ///
-    /// ### Example
-    ///
-    /// ```rust
-    /// #[repr(packed)]
-    /// pub struct Unaligned<T>(pub T);
-    ///
-    /// pub struct Foo {
-    ///     start: u8,
-    ///     data: Unaligned<u32>,
-    /// }
-    ///
-    /// fn main() {
-    ///     let x = Foo { start: 0, data: Unaligned(1) };
-    ///     let y = &x.data.0;
-    /// }
-    /// ```
-    ///
-    /// {{produces}}
-    ///
-    /// ### Explanation
-    ///
-    /// This type of borrow is unsafe and can cause errors on some platforms
-    /// and violates some assumptions made by the compiler. This was
-    /// previously allowed unintentionally. This is a [future-incompatible]
-    /// lint to transition this to a hard error in the future. See [issue
-    /// #46043] for more details, including guidance on how to solve the
-    /// problem.
-    ///
-    /// [issue #46043]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/46043
-    /// [future-incompatible]: ../index.md#future-incompatible-lints
-    pub SAFE_PACKED_BORROWS,
-    Warn,
-    "safe borrows of fields of packed structs were erroneously allowed",
-    @future_incompatible = FutureIncompatibleInfo {
-        reference: "issue #46043 <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/46043>",
-        edition: None,
-    };
-}
-
-declare_lint! {
     /// The `patterns_in_fns_without_body` lint detects `mut` identifier
     /// patterns as a parameter in functions without a body.
     ///
@@ -1977,7 +1935,7 @@ declare_lint! {
     Warn,
     "detects proc macro derives using inaccessible names from parent modules",
     @future_incompatible = FutureIncompatibleInfo {
-        reference: "issue #50504 <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/50504>",
+        reference: "issue #83583 <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/83583>",
         edition: None,
     };
 }
@@ -2953,7 +2911,6 @@ declare_lint_pass! {
         RENAMED_AND_REMOVED_LINTS,
         UNALIGNED_REFERENCES,
         CONST_ITEM_MUTATION,
-        SAFE_PACKED_BORROWS,
         PATTERNS_IN_FNS_WITHOUT_BODY,
         MISSING_FRAGMENT_SPECIFIER,
         LATE_BOUND_LIFETIME_ARGUMENTS,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_macros/src/symbols/tests.rs b/compiler/rustc_macros/src/symbols/tests.rs
index 82b4b876978..842d2a97718 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_macros/src/symbols/tests.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_macros/src/symbols/tests.rs
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ fn test_symbols_macro(input: TokenStream, expected_errors: &[&str]) {
         "Macro generated a different number of errors than expected"
     );
 
-    for (found_error, &expected_error) in found_errors.iter().zip(expected_errors.iter()) {
+    for (found_error, &expected_error) in found_errors.iter().zip(expected_errors) {
         let found_error_str = format!("{}", found_error);
         assert_eq!(found_error_str, expected_error);
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/encoder.rs b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/encoder.rs
index d055c275299..a5157854e15 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/encoder.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/encoder.rs
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> EncodeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
 
     fn encode_info_for_items(&mut self) {
         let krate = self.tcx.hir().krate();
-        self.encode_info_for_mod(CRATE_DEF_ID, &krate.item.module);
+        self.encode_info_for_mod(CRATE_DEF_ID, &krate.item);
 
         // Proc-macro crates only export proc-macro items, which are looked
         // up using `proc_macro_data`
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/dep_graph/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/dep_graph/mod.rs
index c688b23be1d..d2fe9af34fb 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/dep_graph/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/dep_graph/mod.rs
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ use rustc_session::Session;
 mod dep_node;
 
 pub use rustc_query_system::dep_graph::{
-    debug, hash_result, DepContext, DepNodeColor, DepNodeIndex, SerializedDepNodeIndex,
-    WorkProduct, WorkProductId,
+    debug::DepNodeFilter, hash_result, DepContext, DepNodeColor, DepNodeIndex,
+    SerializedDepNodeIndex, WorkProduct, WorkProductId,
 };
 
 crate use dep_node::make_compile_codegen_unit;
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ pub type TaskDeps = rustc_query_system::dep_graph::TaskDeps<DepKind>;
 pub type DepGraphQuery = rustc_query_system::dep_graph::DepGraphQuery<DepKind>;
 pub type PreviousDepGraph = rustc_query_system::dep_graph::PreviousDepGraph<DepKind>;
 pub type SerializedDepGraph = rustc_query_system::dep_graph::SerializedDepGraph<DepKind>;
+pub type EdgeFilter = rustc_query_system::dep_graph::debug::EdgeFilter<DepKind>;
 
 impl rustc_query_system::dep_graph::DepKind for DepKind {
     const NULL: Self = DepKind::Null;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/hir/map/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/hir/map/mod.rs
index 9d00f0715a0..d155276051e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/hir/map/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/hir/map/mod.rs
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ impl<'hir> Map<'hir> {
         let hir_id = self.local_def_id_to_hir_id(module);
         match self.get_entry(hir_id).node {
             Node::Item(&Item { span, kind: ItemKind::Mod(ref m), .. }) => (m, span, hir_id),
-            Node::Crate(item) => (&item.module, item.span, hir_id),
+            Node::Crate(item) => (&item, item.inner, hir_id),
             node => panic!("not a module: {:?}", node),
         }
     }
@@ -550,24 +550,6 @@ impl<'hir> Map<'hir> {
         ParentHirIterator { current_id, map: self }
     }
 
-    /// Checks if the node is an argument. An argument is a local variable whose
-    /// immediate parent is an item or a closure.
-    pub fn is_argument(&self, id: HirId) -> bool {
-        match self.find(id) {
-            Some(Node::Binding(_)) => (),
-            _ => return false,
-        }
-        matches!(
-            self.find(self.get_parent_node(id)),
-            Some(
-                Node::Item(_)
-                    | Node::TraitItem(_)
-                    | Node::ImplItem(_)
-                    | Node::Expr(Expr { kind: ExprKind::Closure(..), .. }),
-            )
-        )
-    }
-
     /// Checks if the node is left-hand side of an assignment.
     pub fn is_lhs(&self, id: HirId) -> bool {
         match self.find(self.get_parent_node(id)) {
@@ -779,17 +761,6 @@ impl<'hir> Map<'hir> {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn expect_variant_data(&self, id: HirId) -> &'hir VariantData<'hir> {
-        match self.find(id) {
-            Some(
-                Node::Ctor(vd)
-                | Node::Item(Item { kind: ItemKind::Struct(vd, _) | ItemKind::Union(vd, _), .. }),
-            ) => vd,
-            Some(Node::Variant(variant)) => &variant.data,
-            _ => bug!("expected struct or variant, found {}", self.node_to_string(id)),
-        }
-    }
-
     pub fn expect_variant(&self, id: HirId) -> &'hir Variant<'hir> {
         match self.find(id) {
             Some(Node::Variant(variant)) => variant,
@@ -897,7 +868,7 @@ impl<'hir> Map<'hir> {
             Node::Visibility(v) => bug!("unexpected Visibility {:?}", v),
             Node::Local(local) => local.span,
             Node::MacroDef(macro_def) => macro_def.span,
-            Node::Crate(item) => item.span,
+            Node::Crate(item) => item.inner,
         };
         Some(span)
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ich/hcx.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ich/hcx.rs
index cf29d21927c..b2fef731b7e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ich/hcx.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ich/hcx.rs
@@ -120,11 +120,6 @@ impl<'a> StableHashingContext<'a> {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn sess(&self) -> &'a Session {
-        self.sess
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
     pub fn while_hashing_hir_bodies<F: FnOnce(&mut Self)>(&mut self, hash_bodies: bool, f: F) {
         let prev_hash_bodies = self.hash_bodies;
         self.hash_bodies = hash_bodies;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ich/impls_ty.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ich/impls_ty.rs
index 573b514e844..8e53e4ba948 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ich/impls_ty.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ich/impls_ty.rs
@@ -70,16 +70,16 @@ impl<'a> HashStable<StableHashingContext<'a>> for ty::RegionKind {
             ty::ReEmpty(universe) => {
                 universe.hash_stable(hcx, hasher);
             }
-            ty::ReLateBound(db, ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrAnon(i) }) => {
+            ty::ReLateBound(db, ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrAnon(i), .. }) => {
                 db.hash_stable(hcx, hasher);
                 i.hash_stable(hcx, hasher);
             }
-            ty::ReLateBound(db, ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrNamed(def_id, name) }) => {
+            ty::ReLateBound(db, ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrNamed(def_id, name), .. }) => {
                 db.hash_stable(hcx, hasher);
                 def_id.hash_stable(hcx, hasher);
                 name.hash_stable(hcx, hasher);
             }
-            ty::ReLateBound(db, ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrEnv }) => {
+            ty::ReLateBound(db, ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrEnv, .. }) => {
                 db.hash_stable(hcx, hasher);
             }
             ty::ReEarlyBound(ty::EarlyBoundRegion { def_id, index, name }) => {
@@ -118,12 +118,13 @@ impl<'tcx> HashStable<StableHashingContext<'tcx>> for ty::BoundVar {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, T> HashStable<StableHashingContext<'a>> for ty::Binder<T>
+impl<'a, 'tcx, T> HashStable<StableHashingContext<'a>> for ty::Binder<'tcx, T>
 where
     T: HashStable<StableHashingContext<'a>>,
 {
     fn hash_stable(&self, hcx: &mut StableHashingContext<'a>, hasher: &mut StableHasher) {
         self.as_ref().skip_binder().hash_stable(hcx, hasher);
+        self.bound_vars().hash_stable(hcx, hasher);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/infer/canonical.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/infer/canonical.rs
index e106db38b2c..5df2f91f09f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/infer/canonical.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/infer/canonical.rs
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ use crate::ty::{self, BoundVar, List, Region, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_index::vec::IndexVec;
 use rustc_macros::HashStable;
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
+use std::iter;
 use std::ops::Index;
 
 /// A "canonicalized" type `V` is one where all free inference
@@ -227,20 +228,12 @@ impl Certainty {
             Certainty::Ambiguous => false,
         }
     }
-
-    pub fn is_ambiguous(&self) -> bool {
-        !self.is_proven()
-    }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx, R> QueryResponse<'tcx, R> {
     pub fn is_proven(&self) -> bool {
         self.certainty.is_proven()
     }
-
-    pub fn is_ambiguous(&self) -> bool {
-        !self.is_proven()
-    }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx, R> Canonical<'tcx, QueryResponse<'tcx, R>> {
@@ -284,7 +277,7 @@ impl<'tcx, V> Canonical<'tcx, V> {
 }
 
 pub type QueryOutlivesConstraint<'tcx> =
-    ty::Binder<ty::OutlivesPredicate<GenericArg<'tcx>, Region<'tcx>>>;
+    ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::OutlivesPredicate<GenericArg<'tcx>, Region<'tcx>>>;
 
 TrivialTypeFoldableAndLiftImpls! {
     for <'tcx> {
@@ -315,16 +308,14 @@ impl<'tcx> CanonicalVarValues<'tcx> {
         use crate::ty::subst::GenericArgKind;
 
         CanonicalVarValues {
-            var_values: self
-                .var_values
-                .iter()
-                .zip(0..)
+            var_values: iter::zip(&self.var_values, 0..)
                 .map(|(kind, i)| match kind.unpack() {
                     GenericArgKind::Type(..) => {
                         tcx.mk_ty(ty::Bound(ty::INNERMOST, ty::BoundVar::from_u32(i).into())).into()
                     }
                     GenericArgKind::Lifetime(..) => {
-                        let br = ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrAnon(i) };
+                        let br =
+                            ty::BoundRegion { var: ty::BoundVar::from_u32(i), kind: ty::BrAnon(i) };
                         tcx.mk_region(ty::ReLateBound(ty::INNERMOST, br)).into()
                     }
                     GenericArgKind::Const(ct) => tcx
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/infer/unify_key.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/infer/unify_key.rs
index 8318bdefc8e..641cf23781e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/infer/unify_key.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/infer/unify_key.rs
@@ -97,13 +97,6 @@ impl<'tcx> ConstVariableValue<'tcx> {
             ConstVariableValue::Known { value } => Some(value),
         }
     }
-
-    pub fn is_unknown(&self) -> bool {
-        match *self {
-            ConstVariableValue::Unknown { .. } => true,
-            ConstVariableValue::Known { .. } => false,
-        }
-    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/lib.rs
index 1561b3d7d29..bd0749792db 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/lib.rs
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@
 #![feature(exclusive_range_pattern)]
 #![feature(control_flow_enum)]
 #![feature(associated_type_defaults)]
+#![feature(iter_zip)]
 #![recursion_limit = "512"]
 
 #[macro_use]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/region.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/region.rs
index eb48198991c..5440e63543d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/region.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/region.rs
@@ -430,6 +430,8 @@ impl ScopeTree {
 
     /// Returns `true` if `subscope` is equal to or is lexically nested inside `superscope`, and
     /// `false` otherwise.
+    ///
+    /// Used by clippy.
     pub fn is_subscope_of(&self, subscope: Scope, superscope: Scope) -> bool {
         let mut s = subscope;
         debug!("is_subscope_of({:?}, {:?})", subscope, superscope);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/resolve_lifetime.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/resolve_lifetime.rs
index 32615f6c410..aa6488b329e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/resolve_lifetime.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/resolve_lifetime.rs
@@ -39,8 +39,13 @@ impl LifetimeDefOrigin {
 pub enum Region {
     Static,
     EarlyBound(/* index */ u32, /* lifetime decl */ DefId, LifetimeDefOrigin),
-    LateBound(ty::DebruijnIndex, /* lifetime decl */ DefId, LifetimeDefOrigin),
-    LateBoundAnon(ty::DebruijnIndex, /* anon index */ u32),
+    LateBound(
+        ty::DebruijnIndex,
+        /* late-bound index */ u32,
+        /* lifetime decl */ DefId,
+        LifetimeDefOrigin,
+    ),
+    LateBoundAnon(ty::DebruijnIndex, /* late-bound index */ u32, /* anon index */ u32),
     Free(DefId, /* lifetime decl */ DefId),
 }
 
@@ -78,4 +83,6 @@ pub struct ResolveLifetimes {
     /// be late-bound if (a) it does NOT appear in a where-clause and
     /// (b) it DOES appear in the arguments.
     pub late_bound: FxHashMap<LocalDefId, FxHashSet<ItemLocalId>>,
+
+    pub late_bound_vars: FxHashMap<LocalDefId, FxHashMap<ItemLocalId, Vec<ty::BoundVariableKind>>>,
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/stability.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/stability.rs
index 89ca8eed39a..fc9a2970e00 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/stability.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/stability.rs
@@ -29,12 +29,6 @@ pub enum StabilityLevel {
     Stable,
 }
 
-impl StabilityLevel {
-    pub fn from_attr_level(level: &attr::StabilityLevel) -> Self {
-        if level.is_stable() { Stable } else { Unstable }
-    }
-}
-
 /// An entry in the `depr_map`.
 #[derive(Clone, HashStable, Debug)]
 pub struct DeprecationEntry {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/coverage.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/coverage.rs
index eae02a8cbfc..ad48b236a9a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/coverage.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/coverage.rs
@@ -117,17 +117,9 @@ impl CoverageKind {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn is_counter(&self) -> bool {
-        matches!(self, Self::Counter { .. })
-    }
-
     pub fn is_expression(&self) -> bool {
         matches!(self, Self::Expression { .. })
     }
-
-    pub fn is_unreachable(&self) -> bool {
-        *self == Self::Unreachable
-    }
 }
 
 impl Debug for CoverageKind {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/value.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/value.rs
index 5172dfd041a..888777a9418 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/value.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/value.rs
@@ -308,16 +308,6 @@ impl<'tcx, Tag> Scalar<Tag> {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn from_i8(i: i8) -> Self {
-        Self::from_int(i, Size::from_bits(8))
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn from_i16(i: i16) -> Self {
-        Self::from_int(i, Size::from_bits(16))
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
     pub fn from_i32(i: i32) -> Self {
         Self::from_int(i, Size::from_bits(32))
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/mod.rs
index d05269913eb..abca2ecdb06 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/mod.rs
@@ -379,24 +379,6 @@ impl<'tcx> Body<'tcx> {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Returns an iterator over all temporaries.
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn temps_iter<'a>(&'a self) -> impl Iterator<Item = Local> + 'a {
-        (self.arg_count + 1..self.local_decls.len()).filter_map(move |index| {
-            let local = Local::new(index);
-            if self.local_decls[local].is_user_variable() { None } else { Some(local) }
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Returns an iterator over all user-declared locals.
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn vars_iter<'a>(&'a self) -> impl Iterator<Item = Local> + 'a {
-        (self.arg_count + 1..self.local_decls.len()).filter_map(move |index| {
-            let local = Local::new(index);
-            self.local_decls[local].is_user_variable().then_some(local)
-        })
-    }
-
     /// Returns an iterator over all user-declared mutable locals.
     #[inline]
     pub fn mut_vars_iter<'a>(&'a self) -> impl Iterator<Item = Local> + 'a {
@@ -2329,7 +2311,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Debug for Rvalue<'tcx> {
                             CtorKind::Fn => fmt_tuple(fmt, &name),
                             CtorKind::Fictive => {
                                 let mut struct_fmt = fmt.debug_struct(&name);
-                                for (field, place) in variant_def.fields.iter().zip(places) {
+                                for (field, place) in iter::zip(&variant_def.fields, places) {
                                     struct_fmt.field(&field.ident.as_str(), place);
                                 }
                                 struct_fmt.finish()
@@ -2353,7 +2335,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Debug for Rvalue<'tcx> {
                             let mut struct_fmt = fmt.debug_struct(&name);
 
                             if let Some(upvars) = tcx.upvars_mentioned(def_id) {
-                                for (&var_id, place) in upvars.keys().zip(places) {
+                                for (&var_id, place) in iter::zip(upvars.keys(), places) {
                                     let var_name = tcx.hir().name(var_id);
                                     struct_fmt.field(&var_name.as_str(), place);
                                 }
@@ -2372,7 +2354,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Debug for Rvalue<'tcx> {
                             let mut struct_fmt = fmt.debug_struct(&name);
 
                             if let Some(upvars) = tcx.upvars_mentioned(def_id) {
-                                for (&var_id, place) in upvars.keys().zip(places) {
+                                for (&var_id, place) in iter::zip(upvars.keys(), places) {
                                     let var_name = tcx.hir().name(var_id);
                                     struct_fmt.field(&var_name.as_str(), place);
                                 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/mono.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/mono.rs
index 0167655bee5..6c2468b9ffe 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/mono.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/mono.rs
@@ -84,14 +84,7 @@ impl<'tcx> MonoItem<'tcx> {
             .debugging_opts
             .inline_in_all_cgus
             .unwrap_or_else(|| tcx.sess.opts.optimize != OptLevel::No)
-            && !tcx.sess.link_dead_code()
-            && !tcx.sess.instrument_coverage();
-        // Disabled for `-Z instrument-coverage` because some LLVM optimizations can sometimes
-        // break coverage results. A test that failed at certain optimization levels is now
-        // validated at that optimization level (via `compile-flags` directive):
-        //   * `src/test/run-make-fulldeps/coverage/closure.rs` broke with `-C opt-level=2`, and
-        //     also required disabling `internalize_symbols` in
-        //     `rustc_mir/monomorphize/partitioning/mod.rs`
+            && !tcx.sess.link_dead_code();
 
         match *self {
             MonoItem::Fn(ref instance) => {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/query.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/query.rs
index bde48018013..ad3baccf154 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/query.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/query.rs
@@ -23,15 +23,9 @@ pub enum UnsafetyViolationKind {
     General,
     /// Permitted both in `const fn`s and regular `fn`s.
     GeneralAndConstFn,
-    /// Borrow of packed field.
-    /// Has to be handled as a lint for backwards compatibility.
-    BorrowPacked,
     /// Unsafe operation in an `unsafe fn` but outside an `unsafe` block.
     /// Has to be handled as a lint for backwards compatibility.
     UnsafeFn,
-    /// Borrow of packed field in an `unsafe fn` but outside an `unsafe` block.
-    /// Has to be handled as a lint for backwards compatibility.
-    UnsafeFnBorrowPacked,
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, TyEncodable, TyDecodable, HashStable, Debug)]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/terminator.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/terminator.rs
index 887dbefa9f2..c8db4aeb449 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/terminator.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/terminator.rs
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ impl SwitchTargets {
     ///
     /// Note that this may yield 0 elements. Only the `otherwise` branch is mandatory.
     pub fn iter(&self) -> SwitchTargetsIter<'_> {
-        SwitchTargetsIter { inner: self.values.iter().zip(self.targets.iter()) }
+        SwitchTargetsIter { inner: iter::zip(&self.values, &self.targets) }
     }
 
     /// Returns a slice with all possible jump targets (including the fallback target).
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/traversal.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/traversal.rs
index 36e277d1a88..725448584dd 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/traversal.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/traversal.rs
@@ -264,10 +264,6 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ReversePostorder<'a, 'tcx> {
 
         ReversePostorder { body, blocks, idx: len }
     }
-
-    pub fn reset(&mut self) {
-        self.idx = self.blocks.len();
-    }
 }
 
 pub fn reverse_postorder<'a, 'tcx>(body: &'a Body<'tcx>) -> ReversePostorder<'a, 'tcx> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/visit.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/visit.rs
index be248ccabda..32b4cd665d0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/visit.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/visit.rs
@@ -1247,12 +1247,6 @@ impl PlaceContext {
         matches!(self, PlaceContext::MutatingUse(..))
     }
 
-    /// Returns `true` if this place context represents a use that does not change the value.
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn is_nonmutating_use(&self) -> bool {
-        matches!(self, PlaceContext::NonMutatingUse(..))
-    }
-
     /// Returns `true` if this place context represents a use.
     #[inline]
     pub fn is_use(&self) -> bool {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs
index fbd5af9d0a9..99d063c7eea 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs
@@ -1290,6 +1290,10 @@ rustc_queries! {
         -> Option<Vec<ObjectLifetimeDefault>> {
         desc { "looking up lifetime defaults for a region on an item" }
     }
+    query late_bound_vars_map(_: LocalDefId)
+        -> Option<&'tcx FxHashMap<ItemLocalId, Vec<ty::BoundVariableKind>>> {
+        desc { "looking up late bound vars" }
+    }
 
     query visibility(def_id: DefId) -> ty::Visibility {
         eval_always
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/traits/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/traits/mod.rs
index 90b82020551..00dec3b355f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/traits/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/traits/mod.rs
@@ -323,6 +323,9 @@ pub enum ObligationCauseCode<'tcx> {
 
     /// #[feature(trivial_bounds)] is not enabled
     TrivialBound,
+
+    /// If `X` is the concrete type of an opaque type `impl Y`, then `X` must implement `Y`
+    OpaqueType,
 }
 
 impl ObligationCauseCode<'_> {
@@ -341,7 +344,7 @@ impl ObligationCauseCode<'_> {
 
 // `ObligationCauseCode` is used a lot. Make sure it doesn't unintentionally get bigger.
 #[cfg(all(target_arch = "x86_64", target_pointer_width = "64"))]
-static_assert_size!(ObligationCauseCode<'_>, 32);
+static_assert_size!(ObligationCauseCode<'_>, 40);
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub enum StatementAsExpression {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/traits/query.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/traits/query.rs
index f9cadb3bb2d..eac3ab7282f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/traits/query.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/traits/query.rs
@@ -44,24 +44,12 @@ pub mod type_op {
         pub b: Ty<'tcx>,
     }
 
-    impl<'tcx> Eq<'tcx> {
-        pub fn new(a: Ty<'tcx>, b: Ty<'tcx>) -> Self {
-            Self { a, b }
-        }
-    }
-
     #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, HashStable, TypeFoldable, Lift)]
     pub struct Subtype<'tcx> {
         pub sub: Ty<'tcx>,
         pub sup: Ty<'tcx>,
     }
 
-    impl<'tcx> Subtype<'tcx> {
-        pub fn new(sub: Ty<'tcx>, sup: Ty<'tcx>) -> Self {
-            Self { sub, sup }
-        }
-    }
-
     #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, HashStable, TypeFoldable, Lift)]
     pub struct ProvePredicate<'tcx> {
         pub predicate: Predicate<'tcx>,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/_match.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/_match.rs
index a5962e3b3ba..8e2c79701af 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/_match.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/_match.rs
@@ -112,9 +112,9 @@ impl TypeRelation<'tcx> for Match<'tcx> {
 
     fn binders<T>(
         &mut self,
-        a: ty::Binder<T>,
-        b: ty::Binder<T>,
-    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<T>>
+        a: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+        b: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<'tcx, T>>
     where
         T: Relate<'tcx>,
     {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/closure.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/closure.rs
index c31a882c272..52cb6b301b0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/closure.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/closure.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ use crate::ty;
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashMap, FxIndexMap};
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefId, LocalDefId};
-use rustc_hir::lang_items::LangItem;
 use rustc_span::Span;
 
 use super::{Ty, TyCtxt};
@@ -113,14 +112,6 @@ impl<'tcx> ClosureKind {
     // This is the initial value used when doing upvar inference.
     pub const LATTICE_BOTTOM: ClosureKind = ClosureKind::Fn;
 
-    pub fn trait_did(&self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> DefId {
-        match *self {
-            ClosureKind::Fn => tcx.require_lang_item(LangItem::Fn, None),
-            ClosureKind::FnMut => tcx.require_lang_item(LangItem::FnMut, None),
-            ClosureKind::FnOnce => tcx.require_lang_item(LangItem::FnOnce, None),
-        }
-    }
-
     /// Returns `true` if a type that impls this closure kind
     /// must also implement `other`.
     pub fn extends(self, other: ty::ClosureKind) -> bool {
@@ -377,12 +368,4 @@ impl BorrowKind {
             UniqueImmBorrow => hir::Mutability::Mut,
         }
     }
-
-    pub fn to_user_str(&self) -> &'static str {
-        match *self {
-            MutBorrow => "mutable",
-            ImmBorrow => "immutable",
-            UniqueImmBorrow => "uniquely immutable",
-        }
-    }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/codec.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/codec.rs
index 3225efd05e4..d7767dc39cb 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/codec.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/codec.rs
@@ -120,8 +120,9 @@ impl<'tcx, E: TyEncoder<'tcx>> Encodable<E> for Ty<'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tcx, E: TyEncoder<'tcx>> Encodable<E> for ty::Binder<ty::PredicateKind<'tcx>> {
+impl<'tcx, E: TyEncoder<'tcx>> Encodable<E> for ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::PredicateKind<'tcx>> {
     fn encode(&self, e: &mut E) -> Result<(), E::Error> {
+        self.bound_vars().encode(e)?;
         encode_with_shorthand(e, &self.skip_binder(), TyEncoder::predicate_shorthands)
     }
 }
@@ -188,7 +189,7 @@ pub trait TyDecoder<'tcx>: Decoder {
 }
 
 #[inline]
-pub fn decode_arena_allocable<'tcx, D, T: ArenaAllocatable<'tcx> + Decodable<D>>(
+fn decode_arena_allocable<'tcx, D, T: ArenaAllocatable<'tcx> + Decodable<D>>(
     decoder: &mut D,
 ) -> Result<&'tcx T, D::Error>
 where
@@ -198,7 +199,7 @@ where
 }
 
 #[inline]
-pub fn decode_arena_allocable_slice<'tcx, D, T: ArenaAllocatable<'tcx> + Decodable<D>>(
+fn decode_arena_allocable_slice<'tcx, D, T: ArenaAllocatable<'tcx> + Decodable<D>>(
     decoder: &mut D,
 ) -> Result<&'tcx [T], D::Error>
 where
@@ -226,18 +227,22 @@ impl<'tcx, D: TyDecoder<'tcx>> Decodable<D> for Ty<'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tcx, D: TyDecoder<'tcx>> Decodable<D> for ty::Binder<ty::PredicateKind<'tcx>> {
-    fn decode(decoder: &mut D) -> Result<ty::Binder<ty::PredicateKind<'tcx>>, D::Error> {
+impl<'tcx, D: TyDecoder<'tcx>> Decodable<D> for ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::PredicateKind<'tcx>> {
+    fn decode(decoder: &mut D) -> Result<ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::PredicateKind<'tcx>>, D::Error> {
+        let bound_vars = Decodable::decode(decoder)?;
         // Handle shorthands first, if we have an usize > 0x80.
-        Ok(ty::Binder::bind(if decoder.positioned_at_shorthand() {
-            let pos = decoder.read_usize()?;
-            assert!(pos >= SHORTHAND_OFFSET);
-            let shorthand = pos - SHORTHAND_OFFSET;
-
-            decoder.with_position(shorthand, ty::PredicateKind::decode)?
-        } else {
-            ty::PredicateKind::decode(decoder)?
-        }))
+        Ok(ty::Binder::bind_with_vars(
+            if decoder.positioned_at_shorthand() {
+                let pos = decoder.read_usize()?;
+                assert!(pos >= SHORTHAND_OFFSET);
+                let shorthand = pos - SHORTHAND_OFFSET;
+
+                decoder.with_position(shorthand, ty::PredicateKind::decode)?
+            } else {
+                ty::PredicateKind::decode(decoder)?
+            },
+            bound_vars,
+        ))
     }
 }
 
@@ -319,7 +324,7 @@ impl<'tcx, D: TyDecoder<'tcx>> RefDecodable<'tcx, D> for ty::List<Ty<'tcx>> {
 }
 
 impl<'tcx, D: TyDecoder<'tcx>> RefDecodable<'tcx, D>
-    for ty::List<ty::Binder<ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>
+    for ty::List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>
 {
     fn decode(decoder: &mut D) -> Result<&'tcx Self, D::Error> {
         let len = decoder.read_usize()?;
@@ -379,15 +384,23 @@ impl<'tcx, D: TyDecoder<'tcx>> RefDecodable<'tcx, D> for [mir::abstract_const::N
     }
 }
 
+impl<'tcx, D: TyDecoder<'tcx>> RefDecodable<'tcx, D> for ty::List<ty::BoundVariableKind> {
+    fn decode(decoder: &mut D) -> Result<&'tcx Self, D::Error> {
+        let len = decoder.read_usize()?;
+        Ok(decoder.tcx().mk_bound_variable_kinds((0..len).map(|_| Decodable::decode(decoder)))?)
+    }
+}
+
 impl_decodable_via_ref! {
     &'tcx ty::TypeckResults<'tcx>,
     &'tcx ty::List<Ty<'tcx>>,
-    &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
+    &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
     &'tcx Allocation,
     &'tcx mir::Body<'tcx>,
     &'tcx mir::UnsafetyCheckResult,
     &'tcx mir::BorrowCheckResult<'tcx>,
-    &'tcx mir::coverage::CodeRegion
+    &'tcx mir::coverage::CodeRegion,
+    &'tcx ty::List<ty::BoundVariableKind>
 }
 
 #[macro_export]
@@ -488,14 +501,16 @@ macro_rules! implement_ty_decoder {
 macro_rules! impl_binder_encode_decode {
     ($($t:ty),+ $(,)?) => {
         $(
-            impl<'tcx, E: TyEncoder<'tcx>> Encodable<E> for ty::Binder<$t> {
+            impl<'tcx, E: TyEncoder<'tcx>> Encodable<E> for ty::Binder<'tcx, $t> {
                 fn encode(&self, e: &mut E) -> Result<(), E::Error> {
+                    self.bound_vars().encode(e)?;
                     self.as_ref().skip_binder().encode(e)
                 }
             }
-            impl<'tcx, D: TyDecoder<'tcx>> Decodable<D> for ty::Binder<$t> {
+            impl<'tcx, D: TyDecoder<'tcx>> Decodable<D> for ty::Binder<'tcx, $t> {
                 fn decode(decoder: &mut D) -> Result<Self, D::Error> {
-                    Ok(ty::Binder::bind(Decodable::decode(decoder)?))
+                    let bound_vars = Decodable::decode(decoder)?;
+                    Ok(ty::Binder::bind_with_vars(Decodable::decode(decoder)?, bound_vars))
                 }
             }
         )*
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context.rs
index 57225b7abf7..bb2b00cbaea 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context.rs
@@ -87,7 +87,8 @@ pub struct CtxtInterners<'tcx> {
     substs: InternedSet<'tcx, InternalSubsts<'tcx>>,
     canonical_var_infos: InternedSet<'tcx, List<CanonicalVarInfo<'tcx>>>,
     region: InternedSet<'tcx, RegionKind>,
-    poly_existential_predicates: InternedSet<'tcx, List<ty::Binder<ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>>,
+    poly_existential_predicates:
+        InternedSet<'tcx, List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>>,
     predicate: InternedSet<'tcx, PredicateInner<'tcx>>,
     predicates: InternedSet<'tcx, List<Predicate<'tcx>>>,
     projs: InternedSet<'tcx, List<ProjectionKind>>,
@@ -95,6 +96,7 @@ pub struct CtxtInterners<'tcx> {
     const_: InternedSet<'tcx, Const<'tcx>>,
     /// Const allocations.
     allocation: InternedSet<'tcx, Allocation>,
+    bound_variable_kinds: InternedSet<'tcx, List<ty::BoundVariableKind>>,
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> CtxtInterners<'tcx> {
@@ -113,6 +115,7 @@ impl<'tcx> CtxtInterners<'tcx> {
             place_elems: Default::default(),
             const_: Default::default(),
             allocation: Default::default(),
+            bound_variable_kinds: Default::default(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -136,7 +139,10 @@ impl<'tcx> CtxtInterners<'tcx> {
     }
 
     #[inline(never)]
-    fn intern_predicate(&self, kind: Binder<PredicateKind<'tcx>>) -> &'tcx PredicateInner<'tcx> {
+    fn intern_predicate(
+        &self,
+        kind: Binder<'tcx, PredicateKind<'tcx>>,
+    ) -> &'tcx PredicateInner<'tcx> {
         self.predicate
             .intern(kind, |kind| {
                 let flags = super::flags::FlagComputation::for_predicate(kind);
@@ -449,7 +455,7 @@ pub struct TypeckResults<'tcx> {
 
     /// Stores the type, expression, span and optional scope span of all types
     /// that are live across the yield of this generator (if a generator).
-    pub generator_interior_types: ty::Binder<Vec<GeneratorInteriorTypeCause<'tcx>>>,
+    pub generator_interior_types: ty::Binder<'tcx, Vec<GeneratorInteriorTypeCause<'tcx>>>,
 
     /// We sometimes treat byte string literals (which are of type `&[u8; N]`)
     /// as `&[u8]`, depending on the pattern  in which they are used.
@@ -789,7 +795,7 @@ impl CanonicalUserType<'tcx> {
                     return false;
                 }
 
-                user_substs.substs.iter().zip(BoundVar::new(0)..).all(|(kind, cvar)| {
+                iter::zip(user_substs.substs, BoundVar::new(0)..).all(|(kind, cvar)| {
                     match kind.unpack() {
                         GenericArgKind::Type(ty) => match ty.kind() {
                             ty::Bound(debruijn, b) => {
@@ -804,7 +810,7 @@ impl CanonicalUserType<'tcx> {
                             ty::ReLateBound(debruijn, br) => {
                                 // We only allow a `ty::INNERMOST` index in substitutions.
                                 assert_eq!(*debruijn, ty::INNERMOST);
-                                cvar == br.assert_bound_var()
+                                cvar == br.var
                             }
                             _ => false,
                         },
@@ -1616,10 +1622,11 @@ nop_lift! {allocation; &'a Allocation => &'tcx Allocation}
 nop_lift! {predicate; &'a PredicateInner<'a> => &'tcx PredicateInner<'tcx>}
 
 nop_list_lift! {type_list; Ty<'a> => Ty<'tcx>}
-nop_list_lift! {poly_existential_predicates; ty::Binder<ExistentialPredicate<'a>> => ty::Binder<ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>}
+nop_list_lift! {poly_existential_predicates; ty::Binder<'a, ExistentialPredicate<'a>> => ty::Binder<'tcx, ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>}
 nop_list_lift! {predicates; Predicate<'a> => Predicate<'tcx>}
 nop_list_lift! {canonical_var_infos; CanonicalVarInfo<'a> => CanonicalVarInfo<'tcx>}
 nop_list_lift! {projs; ProjectionKind => ProjectionKind}
+nop_list_lift! {bound_variable_kinds; ty::BoundVariableKind => ty::BoundVariableKind}
 
 // This is the impl for `&'a InternalSubsts<'a>`.
 nop_list_lift! {substs; GenericArg<'a> => GenericArg<'tcx>}
@@ -1965,8 +1972,8 @@ impl<'tcx> Hash for Interned<'tcx, PredicateInner<'tcx>> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tcx> Borrow<Binder<PredicateKind<'tcx>>> for Interned<'tcx, PredicateInner<'tcx>> {
-    fn borrow<'a>(&'a self) -> &'a Binder<PredicateKind<'tcx>> {
+impl<'tcx> Borrow<Binder<'tcx, PredicateKind<'tcx>>> for Interned<'tcx, PredicateInner<'tcx>> {
+    fn borrow<'a>(&'a self) -> &'a Binder<'tcx, PredicateKind<'tcx>> {
         &self.0.kind
     }
 }
@@ -2072,10 +2079,11 @@ slice_interners!(
     substs: _intern_substs(GenericArg<'tcx>),
     canonical_var_infos: _intern_canonical_var_infos(CanonicalVarInfo<'tcx>),
     poly_existential_predicates:
-        _intern_poly_existential_predicates(ty::Binder<ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>),
+        _intern_poly_existential_predicates(ty::Binder<'tcx, ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>),
     predicates: _intern_predicates(Predicate<'tcx>),
     projs: _intern_projs(ProjectionKind),
     place_elems: _intern_place_elems(PlaceElem<'tcx>),
+    bound_variable_kinds: _intern_bound_variable_kinds(ty::BoundVariableKind),
 );
 
 impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
@@ -2158,7 +2166,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn mk_predicate(self, binder: Binder<PredicateKind<'tcx>>) -> Predicate<'tcx> {
+    pub fn mk_predicate(self, binder: Binder<'tcx, PredicateKind<'tcx>>) -> Predicate<'tcx> {
         let inner = self.interners.intern_predicate(binder);
         Predicate { inner }
     }
@@ -2167,7 +2175,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
     pub fn reuse_or_mk_predicate(
         self,
         pred: Predicate<'tcx>,
-        binder: Binder<PredicateKind<'tcx>>,
+        binder: Binder<'tcx, PredicateKind<'tcx>>,
     ) -> Predicate<'tcx> {
         if pred.kind() != binder { self.mk_predicate(binder) } else { pred }
     }
@@ -2289,11 +2297,6 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn mk_nil_ptr(self) -> Ty<'tcx> {
-        self.mk_imm_ptr(self.mk_unit())
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
     pub fn mk_array(self, ty: Ty<'tcx>, n: u64) -> Ty<'tcx> {
         self.mk_ty(Array(ty, ty::Const::from_usize(self, n)))
     }
@@ -2339,7 +2342,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
     #[inline]
     pub fn mk_dynamic(
         self,
-        obj: &'tcx List<ty::Binder<ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
+        obj: &'tcx List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
         reg: ty::Region<'tcx>,
     ) -> Ty<'tcx> {
         self.mk_ty(Dynamic(obj, reg))
@@ -2366,7 +2369,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn mk_generator_witness(self, types: ty::Binder<&'tcx List<Ty<'tcx>>>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
+    pub fn mk_generator_witness(self, types: ty::Binder<'tcx, &'tcx List<Ty<'tcx>>>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
         self.mk_ty(GeneratorWitness(types))
     }
 
@@ -2471,8 +2474,8 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
 
     pub fn intern_poly_existential_predicates(
         self,
-        eps: &[ty::Binder<ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>],
-    ) -> &'tcx List<ty::Binder<ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>> {
+        eps: &[ty::Binder<'tcx, ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>],
+    ) -> &'tcx List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>> {
         assert!(!eps.is_empty());
         assert!(
             eps.array_windows()
@@ -2517,6 +2520,13 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
         if ts.is_empty() { List::empty() } else { self._intern_canonical_var_infos(ts) }
     }
 
+    pub fn intern_bound_variable_kinds(
+        self,
+        ts: &[ty::BoundVariableKind],
+    ) -> &'tcx List<ty::BoundVariableKind> {
+        if ts.is_empty() { List::empty() } else { self._intern_bound_variable_kinds(ts) }
+    }
+
     pub fn mk_fn_sig<I>(
         self,
         inputs: I,
@@ -2538,8 +2548,8 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
 
     pub fn mk_poly_existential_predicates<
         I: InternAs<
-            [ty::Binder<ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>],
-            &'tcx List<ty::Binder<ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
+            [ty::Binder<'tcx, ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>],
+            &'tcx List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
         >,
     >(
         self,
@@ -2577,6 +2587,15 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
         self.mk_substs(iter::once(self_ty.into()).chain(rest.iter().cloned()))
     }
 
+    pub fn mk_bound_variable_kinds<
+        I: InternAs<[ty::BoundVariableKind], &'tcx List<ty::BoundVariableKind>>,
+    >(
+        self,
+        iter: I,
+    ) -> I::Output {
+        iter.intern_with(|xs| self.intern_bound_variable_kinds(xs))
+    }
+
     /// Walks upwards from `id` to find a node which might change lint levels with attributes.
     /// It stops at `bound` and just returns it if reached.
     pub fn maybe_lint_level_root_bounded(self, mut id: HirId, bound: HirId) -> HirId {
@@ -2653,6 +2672,17 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
     pub fn object_lifetime_defaults(self, id: HirId) -> Option<Vec<ObjectLifetimeDefault>> {
         self.object_lifetime_defaults_map(id.owner)
     }
+
+    pub fn late_bound_vars(self, id: HirId) -> &'tcx List<ty::BoundVariableKind> {
+        self.mk_bound_variable_kinds(
+            self.late_bound_vars_map(id.owner)
+                .and_then(|map| map.get(&id.local_id).cloned())
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| {
+                    bug!("No bound vars found for {:?} ({:?})", self.hir().node_to_string(id), id)
+                })
+                .iter(),
+        )
+    }
 }
 
 impl TyCtxtAt<'tcx> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/erase_regions.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/erase_regions.rs
index 4412ba9408c..79e88662f65 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/erase_regions.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/erase_regions.rs
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ impl TypeFolder<'tcx> for RegionEraserVisitor<'tcx> {
         if ty.needs_infer() { ty.super_fold_with(self) } else { self.tcx.erase_regions_ty(ty) }
     }
 
-    fn fold_binder<T>(&mut self, t: ty::Binder<T>) -> ty::Binder<T>
+    fn fold_binder<T>(&mut self, t: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>) -> ty::Binder<'tcx, T>
     where
         T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
     {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/error.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/error.rs
index f19cc998449..d295b17d902 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/error.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/error.rs
@@ -57,7 +57,9 @@ pub enum TypeError<'tcx> {
     CyclicTy(Ty<'tcx>),
     CyclicConst(&'tcx ty::Const<'tcx>),
     ProjectionMismatched(ExpectedFound<DefId>),
-    ExistentialMismatch(ExpectedFound<&'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>>),
+    ExistentialMismatch(
+        ExpectedFound<&'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>>,
+    ),
     ObjectUnsafeCoercion(DefId),
     ConstMismatch(ExpectedFound<&'tcx ty::Const<'tcx>>),
 
@@ -509,13 +511,18 @@ impl<T> Trait<T> for X {
                             "consider constraining the associated type `{}` to `{}`",
                             values.found, values.expected,
                         );
-                        if !self.suggest_constraint(
+                        if !(self.suggest_constraining_opaque_associated_type(
+                            db,
+                            &msg,
+                            proj_ty,
+                            values.expected,
+                        ) || self.suggest_constraint(
                             db,
                             &msg,
                             body_owner_def_id,
                             proj_ty,
                             values.expected,
-                        ) {
+                        )) {
                             db.help(&msg);
                             db.note(
                                 "for more information, visit \
@@ -699,20 +706,7 @@ impl<T> Trait<T> for X {
             }
         }
 
-        if let ty::Opaque(def_id, _) = *proj_ty.self_ty().kind() {
-            // When the expected `impl Trait` is not defined in the current item, it will come from
-            // a return type. This can occur when dealing with `TryStream` (#71035).
-            if self.constrain_associated_type_structured_suggestion(
-                db,
-                self.def_span(def_id),
-                &assoc,
-                proj_ty.trait_ref_and_own_substs(self).1,
-                values.found,
-                &msg,
-            ) {
-                return;
-            }
-        }
+        self.suggest_constraining_opaque_associated_type(db, &msg, proj_ty, values.found);
 
         if self.point_at_associated_type(db, body_owner_def_id, values.found) {
             return;
@@ -750,6 +744,30 @@ fn foo(&self) -> Self::T { String::new() }
         }
     }
 
+    /// When the expected `impl Trait` is not defined in the current item, it will come from
+    /// a return type. This can occur when dealing with `TryStream` (#71035).
+    fn suggest_constraining_opaque_associated_type(
+        self,
+        db: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>,
+        msg: &str,
+        proj_ty: &ty::ProjectionTy<'tcx>,
+        ty: Ty<'tcx>,
+    ) -> bool {
+        let assoc = self.associated_item(proj_ty.item_def_id);
+        if let ty::Opaque(def_id, _) = *proj_ty.self_ty().kind() {
+            self.constrain_associated_type_structured_suggestion(
+                db,
+                self.def_span(def_id),
+                &assoc,
+                proj_ty.trait_ref_and_own_substs(self).1,
+                ty,
+                &msg,
+            )
+        } else {
+            false
+        }
+    }
+
     fn point_at_methods_that_satisfy_associated_type(
         self,
         db: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/flags.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/flags.rs
index d6dc81c5b78..01bc5cc761c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/flags.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/flags.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ impl FlagComputation {
         result
     }
 
-    pub fn for_predicate(binder: ty::Binder<ty::PredicateKind<'_>>) -> FlagComputation {
+    pub fn for_predicate(binder: ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::PredicateKind<'_>>) -> FlagComputation {
         let mut result = FlagComputation::new();
         result.add_predicate(binder);
         result
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ impl FlagComputation {
 
     /// Adds the flags/depth from a set of types that appear within the current type, but within a
     /// region binder.
-    fn bound_computation<T, F>(&mut self, value: ty::Binder<T>, f: F)
+    fn bound_computation<T, F>(&mut self, value: ty::Binder<'_, T>, f: F)
     where
         F: FnOnce(&mut Self, T),
     {
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ impl FlagComputation {
         }
     }
 
-    fn add_predicate(&mut self, binder: ty::Binder<ty::PredicateKind<'_>>) {
+    fn add_predicate(&mut self, binder: ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::PredicateKind<'_>>) {
         self.bound_computation(binder, |computation, atom| computation.add_predicate_atom(atom));
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/fold.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/fold.rs
index a6a1d1f73bb..70f3ac30040 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/fold.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/fold.rs
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
 
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashSet;
+use rustc_data_structures::sso::SsoHashSet;
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 use std::fmt;
 use std::ops::ControlFlow;
@@ -161,7 +162,7 @@ impl TypeFoldable<'tcx> for hir::Constness {
 pub trait TypeFolder<'tcx>: Sized {
     fn tcx<'a>(&'a self) -> TyCtxt<'tcx>;
 
-    fn fold_binder<T>(&mut self, t: Binder<T>) -> Binder<T>
+    fn fold_binder<T>(&mut self, t: Binder<'tcx, T>) -> Binder<'tcx, T>
     where
         T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
     {
@@ -184,7 +185,10 @@ pub trait TypeFolder<'tcx>: Sized {
 pub trait TypeVisitor<'tcx>: Sized {
     type BreakTy = !;
 
-    fn visit_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(&mut self, t: &Binder<T>) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+    fn visit_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(
+        &mut self,
+        t: &Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
         t.super_visit_with(self)
     }
 
@@ -322,7 +326,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
 
             fn visit_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(
                 &mut self,
-                t: &Binder<T>,
+                t: &Binder<'tcx, T>,
             ) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
                 self.outer_index.shift_in(1);
                 let result = t.as_ref().skip_binder().visit_with(self);
@@ -400,7 +404,10 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeFolder<'tcx> for RegionFolder<'a, 'tcx> {
         self.tcx
     }
 
-    fn fold_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(&mut self, t: ty::Binder<T>) -> ty::Binder<T> {
+    fn fold_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(
+        &mut self,
+        t: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> ty::Binder<'tcx, T> {
         self.current_index.shift_in(1);
         let t = t.super_fold_with(self);
         self.current_index.shift_out(1);
@@ -460,7 +467,10 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeFolder<'tcx> for BoundVarReplacer<'a, 'tcx> {
         self.tcx
     }
 
-    fn fold_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(&mut self, t: ty::Binder<T>) -> ty::Binder<T> {
+    fn fold_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(
+        &mut self,
+        t: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> ty::Binder<'tcx, T> {
         self.current_index.shift_in(1);
         let t = t.super_fold_with(self);
         self.current_index.shift_out(1);
@@ -538,7 +548,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
     /// contain escaping bound types.
     pub fn replace_late_bound_regions<T, F>(
         self,
-        value: Binder<T>,
+        value: Binder<'tcx, T>,
         mut fld_r: F,
     ) -> (T, BTreeMap<ty::BoundRegion, ty::Region<'tcx>>)
     where
@@ -588,7 +598,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
     /// types.
     pub fn replace_bound_vars<T, F, G, H>(
         self,
-        value: Binder<T>,
+        value: Binder<'tcx, T>,
         mut fld_r: F,
         fld_t: G,
         fld_c: H,
@@ -607,7 +617,11 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
 
     /// Replaces any late-bound regions bound in `value` with
     /// free variants attached to `all_outlive_scope`.
-    pub fn liberate_late_bound_regions<T>(self, all_outlive_scope: DefId, value: ty::Binder<T>) -> T
+    pub fn liberate_late_bound_regions<T>(
+        self,
+        all_outlive_scope: DefId,
+        value: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> T
     where
         T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
     {
@@ -620,13 +634,49 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
         .0
     }
 
+    pub fn shift_bound_var_indices<T>(self, bound_vars: usize, value: T) -> T
+    where
+        T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
+    {
+        self.replace_escaping_bound_vars(
+            value,
+            |r| {
+                self.mk_region(ty::ReLateBound(
+                    ty::INNERMOST,
+                    ty::BoundRegion {
+                        var: ty::BoundVar::from_usize(r.var.as_usize() + bound_vars),
+                        kind: r.kind,
+                    },
+                ))
+            },
+            |t| {
+                self.mk_ty(ty::Bound(
+                    ty::INNERMOST,
+                    ty::BoundTy {
+                        var: ty::BoundVar::from_usize(t.var.as_usize() + bound_vars),
+                        kind: t.kind,
+                    },
+                ))
+            },
+            |c, ty| {
+                self.mk_const(ty::Const {
+                    val: ty::ConstKind::Bound(
+                        ty::INNERMOST,
+                        ty::BoundVar::from_usize(c.as_usize() + bound_vars),
+                    ),
+                    ty,
+                })
+            },
+        )
+    }
+
     /// Returns a set of all late-bound regions that are constrained
     /// by `value`, meaning that if we instantiate those LBR with
     /// variables and equate `value` with something else, those
     /// variables will also be equated.
     pub fn collect_constrained_late_bound_regions<T>(
         self,
-        value: &Binder<T>,
+        value: &Binder<'tcx, T>,
     ) -> FxHashSet<ty::BoundRegionKind>
     where
         T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
@@ -637,7 +687,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
     /// Returns a set of all late-bound regions that appear in `value` anywhere.
     pub fn collect_referenced_late_bound_regions<T>(
         self,
-        value: &Binder<T>,
+        value: &Binder<'tcx, T>,
     ) -> FxHashSet<ty::BoundRegionKind>
     where
         T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
@@ -647,7 +697,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
 
     fn collect_late_bound_regions<T>(
         self,
-        value: &Binder<T>,
+        value: &Binder<'tcx, T>,
         just_constraint: bool,
     ) -> FxHashSet<ty::BoundRegionKind>
     where
@@ -661,7 +711,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
 
     /// Replaces any late-bound regions bound in `value` with `'erased`. Useful in codegen but also
     /// method lookup and a few other places where precise region relationships are not required.
-    pub fn erase_late_bound_regions<T>(self, value: Binder<T>) -> T
+    pub fn erase_late_bound_regions<T>(self, value: Binder<'tcx, T>) -> T
     where
         T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
     {
@@ -676,20 +726,205 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
     /// `FnSig`s or `TraitRef`s which are equivalent up to region naming will become
     /// structurally identical. For example, `for<'a, 'b> fn(&'a isize, &'b isize)` and
     /// `for<'a, 'b> fn(&'b isize, &'a isize)` will become identical after anonymization.
-    pub fn anonymize_late_bound_regions<T>(self, sig: Binder<T>) -> Binder<T>
+    pub fn anonymize_late_bound_regions<T>(self, sig: Binder<'tcx, T>) -> Binder<'tcx, T>
     where
         T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
     {
         let mut counter = 0;
-        Binder::bind(
-            self.replace_late_bound_regions(sig, |_| {
-                let br = ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrAnon(counter) };
+        let inner = self
+            .replace_late_bound_regions(sig, |_| {
+                let br = ty::BoundRegion {
+                    var: ty::BoundVar::from_u32(counter),
+                    kind: ty::BrAnon(counter),
+                };
                 let r = self.mk_region(ty::ReLateBound(ty::INNERMOST, br));
                 counter += 1;
                 r
             })
-            .0,
-        )
+            .0;
+        let bound_vars = self.mk_bound_variable_kinds(
+            (0..counter).map(|i| ty::BoundVariableKind::Region(ty::BrAnon(i))),
+        );
+        Binder::bind_with_vars(inner, bound_vars)
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct BoundVarsCollector<'tcx> {
+    binder_index: ty::DebruijnIndex,
+    vars: BTreeMap<u32, ty::BoundVariableKind>,
+    // We may encounter the same variable at different levels of binding, so
+    // this can't just be `Ty`
+    visited: SsoHashSet<(ty::DebruijnIndex, Ty<'tcx>)>,
+}
+
+impl<'tcx> BoundVarsCollector<'tcx> {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        BoundVarsCollector {
+            binder_index: ty::INNERMOST,
+            vars: BTreeMap::new(),
+            visited: SsoHashSet::default(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn into_vars(self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> &'tcx ty::List<ty::BoundVariableKind> {
+        let max = self.vars.iter().map(|(k, _)| *k).max().unwrap_or_else(|| 0);
+        for i in 0..max {
+            if let None = self.vars.get(&i) {
+                panic!("Unknown variable: {:?}", i);
+            }
+        }
+
+        tcx.mk_bound_variable_kinds(self.vars.into_iter().map(|(_, v)| v))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'tcx> TypeVisitor<'tcx> for BoundVarsCollector<'tcx> {
+    type BreakTy = ();
+
+    fn visit_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(
+        &mut self,
+        t: &Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        self.binder_index.shift_in(1);
+        let result = t.super_visit_with(self);
+        self.binder_index.shift_out(1);
+        result
+    }
+
+    fn visit_ty(&mut self, t: Ty<'tcx>) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        if t.outer_exclusive_binder < self.binder_index
+            || !self.visited.insert((self.binder_index, t))
+        {
+            return ControlFlow::CONTINUE;
+        }
+        use std::collections::btree_map::Entry;
+        match *t.kind() {
+            ty::Bound(debruijn, bound_ty) if debruijn == self.binder_index => {
+                match self.vars.entry(bound_ty.var.as_u32()) {
+                    Entry::Vacant(entry) => {
+                        entry.insert(ty::BoundVariableKind::Ty(bound_ty.kind));
+                    }
+                    Entry::Occupied(entry) => match entry.get() {
+                        ty::BoundVariableKind::Ty(_) => {}
+                        _ => bug!("Conflicting bound vars"),
+                    },
+                }
+            }
+
+            _ => (),
+        };
+
+        t.super_visit_with(self)
+    }
+
+    fn visit_region(&mut self, r: ty::Region<'tcx>) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        match r {
+            ty::ReLateBound(index, _br) if *index == self.binder_index => {
+                // If you hit this, you should be using `Binder::bind_with_vars` or `Binder::rebind`
+                bug!("Trying to collect bound vars with a bound region: {:?} {:?}", index, _br)
+            }
+
+            _ => (),
+        };
+
+        r.super_visit_with(self)
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct ValidateBoundVars<'tcx> {
+    bound_vars: &'tcx ty::List<ty::BoundVariableKind>,
+    binder_index: ty::DebruijnIndex,
+    // We may encounter the same variable at different levels of binding, so
+    // this can't just be `Ty`
+    visited: SsoHashSet<(ty::DebruijnIndex, Ty<'tcx>)>,
+}
+
+impl<'tcx> ValidateBoundVars<'tcx> {
+    pub fn new(bound_vars: &'tcx ty::List<ty::BoundVariableKind>) -> Self {
+        ValidateBoundVars {
+            bound_vars,
+            binder_index: ty::INNERMOST,
+            visited: SsoHashSet::default(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'tcx> TypeVisitor<'tcx> for ValidateBoundVars<'tcx> {
+    type BreakTy = ();
+
+    fn visit_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(
+        &mut self,
+        t: &Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        self.binder_index.shift_in(1);
+        let result = t.super_visit_with(self);
+        self.binder_index.shift_out(1);
+        result
+    }
+
+    fn visit_ty(&mut self, t: Ty<'tcx>) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        if t.outer_exclusive_binder < self.binder_index
+            || !self.visited.insert((self.binder_index, t))
+        {
+            return ControlFlow::BREAK;
+        }
+        match *t.kind() {
+            ty::Bound(debruijn, bound_ty) if debruijn == self.binder_index => {
+                if self.bound_vars.len() <= bound_ty.var.as_usize() {
+                    bug!("Not enough bound vars: {:?} not found in {:?}", t, self.bound_vars);
+                }
+                let list_var = self.bound_vars[bound_ty.var.as_usize()];
+                match list_var {
+                    ty::BoundVariableKind::Ty(kind) => {
+                        if kind != bound_ty.kind {
+                            bug!(
+                                "Mismatched type kinds: {:?} doesn't var in list {:?}",
+                                bound_ty.kind,
+                                list_var
+                            );
+                        }
+                    }
+                    _ => {
+                        bug!("Mismatched bound variable kinds! Expected type, found {:?}", list_var)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            _ => (),
+        };
+
+        t.super_visit_with(self)
+    }
+
+    fn visit_region(&mut self, r: ty::Region<'tcx>) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        match r {
+            ty::ReLateBound(index, br) if *index == self.binder_index => {
+                if self.bound_vars.len() <= br.var.as_usize() {
+                    bug!("Not enough bound vars: {:?} not found in {:?}", *br, self.bound_vars);
+                }
+                let list_var = self.bound_vars[br.var.as_usize()];
+                match list_var {
+                    ty::BoundVariableKind::Region(kind) => {
+                        if kind != br.kind {
+                            bug!(
+                                "Mismatched region kinds: {:?} doesn't match var ({:?}) in list ({:?})",
+                                br.kind,
+                                list_var,
+                                self.bound_vars
+                            );
+                        }
+                    }
+                    _ => bug!(
+                        "Mismatched bound variable kinds! Expected region, found {:?}",
+                        list_var
+                    ),
+                }
+            }
+
+            _ => (),
+        };
+
+        r.super_visit_with(self)
     }
 }
 
@@ -719,7 +954,10 @@ impl TypeFolder<'tcx> for Shifter<'tcx> {
         self.tcx
     }
 
-    fn fold_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(&mut self, t: ty::Binder<T>) -> ty::Binder<T> {
+    fn fold_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(
+        &mut self,
+        t: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> ty::Binder<'tcx, T> {
         self.current_index.shift_in(1);
         let t = t.super_fold_with(self);
         self.current_index.shift_out(1);
@@ -828,7 +1066,10 @@ struct HasEscapingVarsVisitor {
 impl<'tcx> TypeVisitor<'tcx> for HasEscapingVarsVisitor {
     type BreakTy = FoundEscapingVars;
 
-    fn visit_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(&mut self, t: &Binder<T>) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+    fn visit_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(
+        &mut self,
+        t: &Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
         self.outer_index.shift_in(1);
         let result = t.super_visit_with(self);
         self.outer_index.shift_out(1);
@@ -974,7 +1215,10 @@ impl LateBoundRegionsCollector {
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> TypeVisitor<'tcx> for LateBoundRegionsCollector {
-    fn visit_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(&mut self, t: &Binder<T>) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+    fn visit_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(
+        &mut self,
+        t: &Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
         self.current_index.shift_in(1);
         let result = t.super_visit_with(self);
         self.current_index.shift_out(1);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/instance.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/instance.rs
index f61b6946985..a753c4ab6ce 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/instance.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/instance.rs
@@ -216,9 +216,10 @@ impl<'tcx> InstanceDef<'tcx> {
             // drops of `Option::None` before LTO. We also respect the intent of
             // `#[inline]` on `Drop::drop` implementations.
             return ty.ty_adt_def().map_or(true, |adt_def| {
-                adt_def.destructor(tcx).map_or(adt_def.is_enum(), |dtor| {
-                    tcx.codegen_fn_attrs(dtor.did).requests_inline()
-                })
+                adt_def.destructor(tcx).map_or_else(
+                    || adt_def.is_enum(),
+                    |dtor| tcx.codegen_fn_attrs(dtor.did).requests_inline(),
+                )
             });
         }
         tcx.codegen_fn_attrs(self.def_id()).requests_inline()
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/layout.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/layout.rs
index 3a75a6d907d..e7bbdc3cceb 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/layout.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/layout.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// ignore-tidy-filelength
 use crate::ich::StableHashingContext;
 use crate::middle::codegen_fn_attrs::CodegenFnAttrFlags;
 use crate::mir::{GeneratorLayout, GeneratorSavedLocal};
@@ -1251,13 +1252,13 @@ impl<'tcx> LayoutCx<'tcx, TyCtxt<'tcx>> {
                 } else {
                     // Try to use a ScalarPair for all tagged enums.
                     let mut common_prim = None;
-                    for (field_layouts, layout_variant) in variants.iter().zip(&layout_variants) {
+                    for (field_layouts, layout_variant) in iter::zip(&variants, &layout_variants) {
                         let offsets = match layout_variant.fields {
                             FieldsShape::Arbitrary { ref offsets, .. } => offsets,
                             _ => bug!(),
                         };
                         let mut fields =
-                            field_layouts.iter().zip(offsets).filter(|p| !p.0.is_zst());
+                            iter::zip(field_layouts, offsets).filter(|p| !p.0.is_zst());
                         let (field, offset) = match (fields.next(), fields.next()) {
                             (None, None) => continue,
                             (Some(pair), None) => pair,
@@ -1626,7 +1627,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LayoutCx<'tcx, TyCtxt<'tcx>> {
                 const INVALID_FIELD_IDX: u32 = !0;
                 let mut combined_inverse_memory_index =
                     vec![INVALID_FIELD_IDX; promoted_memory_index.len() + memory_index.len()];
-                let mut offsets_and_memory_index = offsets.into_iter().zip(memory_index);
+                let mut offsets_and_memory_index = iter::zip(offsets, memory_index);
                 let combined_offsets = variant_fields
                     .iter()
                     .enumerate()
@@ -2481,21 +2482,42 @@ impl<'tcx> ty::Instance<'tcx> {
             ty::Closure(def_id, substs) => {
                 let sig = substs.as_closure().sig();
 
-                let env_ty = tcx.closure_env_ty(def_id, substs).unwrap();
-                sig.map_bound(|sig| {
+                let bound_vars = tcx.mk_bound_variable_kinds(
+                    sig.bound_vars()
+                        .iter()
+                        .chain(iter::once(ty::BoundVariableKind::Region(ty::BrEnv))),
+                );
+                let br = ty::BoundRegion {
+                    var: ty::BoundVar::from_usize(bound_vars.len() - 1),
+                    kind: ty::BoundRegionKind::BrEnv,
+                };
+                let env_region = ty::ReLateBound(ty::INNERMOST, br);
+                let env_ty = tcx.closure_env_ty(def_id, substs, env_region).unwrap();
+
+                let sig = sig.skip_binder();
+                ty::Binder::bind_with_vars(
                     tcx.mk_fn_sig(
-                        iter::once(env_ty.skip_binder()).chain(sig.inputs().iter().cloned()),
+                        iter::once(env_ty).chain(sig.inputs().iter().cloned()),
                         sig.output(),
                         sig.c_variadic,
                         sig.unsafety,
                         sig.abi,
-                    )
-                })
+                    ),
+                    bound_vars,
+                )
             }
             ty::Generator(_, substs, _) => {
                 let sig = substs.as_generator().poly_sig();
 
-                let br = ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrEnv };
+                let bound_vars = tcx.mk_bound_variable_kinds(
+                    sig.bound_vars()
+                        .iter()
+                        .chain(iter::once(ty::BoundVariableKind::Region(ty::BrEnv))),
+                );
+                let br = ty::BoundRegion {
+                    var: ty::BoundVar::from_usize(bound_vars.len() - 1),
+                    kind: ty::BoundRegionKind::BrEnv,
+                };
                 let env_region = ty::ReLateBound(ty::INNERMOST, br);
                 let env_ty = tcx.mk_mut_ref(tcx.mk_region(env_region), ty);
 
@@ -2504,21 +2526,21 @@ impl<'tcx> ty::Instance<'tcx> {
                 let pin_substs = tcx.intern_substs(&[env_ty.into()]);
                 let env_ty = tcx.mk_adt(pin_adt_ref, pin_substs);
 
-                sig.map_bound(|sig| {
-                    let state_did = tcx.require_lang_item(LangItem::GeneratorState, None);
-                    let state_adt_ref = tcx.adt_def(state_did);
-                    let state_substs =
-                        tcx.intern_substs(&[sig.yield_ty.into(), sig.return_ty.into()]);
-                    let ret_ty = tcx.mk_adt(state_adt_ref, state_substs);
-
+                let sig = sig.skip_binder();
+                let state_did = tcx.require_lang_item(LangItem::GeneratorState, None);
+                let state_adt_ref = tcx.adt_def(state_did);
+                let state_substs = tcx.intern_substs(&[sig.yield_ty.into(), sig.return_ty.into()]);
+                let ret_ty = tcx.mk_adt(state_adt_ref, state_substs);
+                ty::Binder::bind_with_vars(
                     tcx.mk_fn_sig(
                         [env_ty, sig.resume_ty].iter(),
                         &ret_ty,
                         false,
                         hir::Unsafety::Normal,
                         rustc_target::spec::abi::Abi::Rust,
-                    )
-                })
+                    ),
+                    bound_vars,
+                )
             }
             _ => bug!("unexpected type {:?} in Instance::fn_sig", ty),
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/mod.rs
index ed10a156622..6574c938260 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/mod.rs
@@ -67,12 +67,12 @@ pub use self::sty::BoundRegionKind::*;
 pub use self::sty::RegionKind::*;
 pub use self::sty::TyKind::*;
 pub use self::sty::{
-    Binder, BoundRegion, BoundRegionKind, BoundTy, BoundTyKind, BoundVar, CanonicalPolyFnSig,
-    ClosureSubsts, ClosureSubstsParts, ConstVid, EarlyBoundRegion, ExistentialPredicate,
-    ExistentialProjection, ExistentialTraitRef, FnSig, FreeRegion, GenSig, GeneratorSubsts,
-    GeneratorSubstsParts, ParamConst, ParamTy, PolyExistentialProjection, PolyExistentialTraitRef,
-    PolyFnSig, PolyGenSig, PolyTraitRef, ProjectionTy, Region, RegionKind, RegionVid, TraitRef,
-    TyKind, TypeAndMut, UpvarSubsts,
+    Binder, BoundRegion, BoundRegionKind, BoundTy, BoundTyKind, BoundVar, BoundVariableKind,
+    CanonicalPolyFnSig, ClosureSubsts, ClosureSubstsParts, ConstVid, EarlyBoundRegion,
+    ExistentialPredicate, ExistentialProjection, ExistentialTraitRef, FnSig, FreeRegion, GenSig,
+    GeneratorSubsts, GeneratorSubstsParts, ParamConst, ParamTy, PolyExistentialProjection,
+    PolyExistentialTraitRef, PolyFnSig, PolyGenSig, PolyTraitRef, ProjectionTy, Region, RegionKind,
+    RegionVid, TraitRef, TyKind, TypeAndMut, UpvarSubsts,
 };
 pub use self::trait_def::TraitDef;
 
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyS<'tcx> {
 
 // `TyS` is used a lot. Make sure it doesn't unintentionally get bigger.
 #[cfg(all(target_arch = "x86_64", target_pointer_width = "64"))]
-static_assert_size!(TyS<'_>, 32);
+static_assert_size!(TyS<'_>, 40);
 
 impl<'tcx> Ord for TyS<'tcx> {
     fn cmp(&self, other: &TyS<'tcx>) -> Ordering {
@@ -359,14 +359,14 @@ impl ty::EarlyBoundRegion {
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 crate struct PredicateInner<'tcx> {
-    kind: Binder<PredicateKind<'tcx>>,
+    kind: Binder<'tcx, PredicateKind<'tcx>>,
     flags: TypeFlags,
     /// See the comment for the corresponding field of [TyS].
     outer_exclusive_binder: ty::DebruijnIndex,
 }
 
 #[cfg(all(target_arch = "x86_64", target_pointer_width = "64"))]
-static_assert_size!(PredicateInner<'_>, 40);
+static_assert_size!(PredicateInner<'_>, 48);
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Lift)]
 pub struct Predicate<'tcx> {
@@ -389,9 +389,9 @@ impl Hash for Predicate<'_> {
 impl<'tcx> Eq for Predicate<'tcx> {}
 
 impl<'tcx> Predicate<'tcx> {
-    /// Gets the inner `Binder<PredicateKind<'tcx>>`.
+    /// Gets the inner `Binder<'tcx, PredicateKind<'tcx>>`.
     #[inline]
-    pub fn kind(self) -> Binder<PredicateKind<'tcx>> {
+    pub fn kind(self) -> Binder<'tcx, PredicateKind<'tcx>> {
         self.inner.kind
     }
 }
@@ -543,10 +543,33 @@ impl<'tcx> Predicate<'tcx> {
         // substitution code expects equal binding levels in the values
         // from the substitution and the value being substituted into, and
         // this trick achieves that).
-        let substs = trait_ref.skip_binder().substs;
-        let pred = self.kind().skip_binder();
-        let new = pred.subst(tcx, substs);
-        tcx.reuse_or_mk_predicate(self, ty::Binder::bind(new))
+
+        // Working through the second example:
+        // trait_ref: for<'x> T: Foo1<'^0.0>; substs: [T, '^0.0]
+        // predicate: for<'b> Self: Bar1<'a, '^0.0>; substs: [Self, 'a, '^0.0]
+        // We want to end up with:
+        //     for<'x, 'b> T: Bar1<'^0.0, '^0.1>
+        // To do this:
+        // 1) We must shift all bound vars in predicate by the length
+        //    of trait ref's bound vars. So, we would end up with predicate like
+        //    Self: Bar1<'a, '^0.1>
+        // 2) We can then apply the trait substs to this, ending up with
+        //    T: Bar1<'^0.0, '^0.1>
+        // 3) Finally, to create the final bound vars, we concatenate the bound
+        //    vars of the trait ref with those of the predicate:
+        //    ['x, 'b]
+        let bound_pred = self.kind();
+        let pred_bound_vars = bound_pred.bound_vars();
+        let trait_bound_vars = trait_ref.bound_vars();
+        // 1) Self: Bar1<'a, '^0.0> -> Self: Bar1<'a, '^0.1>
+        let shifted_pred =
+            tcx.shift_bound_var_indices(trait_bound_vars.len(), bound_pred.skip_binder());
+        // 2) Self: Bar1<'a, '^0.1> -> T: Bar1<'^0.0, '^0.1>
+        let new = shifted_pred.subst(tcx, trait_ref.skip_binder().substs);
+        // 3) ['x] + ['b] -> ['x, 'b]
+        let bound_vars =
+            tcx.mk_bound_variable_kinds(trait_bound_vars.iter().chain(pred_bound_vars));
+        tcx.reuse_or_mk_predicate(self, ty::Binder::bind_with_vars(new, bound_vars))
     }
 }
 
@@ -556,7 +579,7 @@ pub struct TraitPredicate<'tcx> {
     pub trait_ref: TraitRef<'tcx>,
 }
 
-pub type PolyTraitPredicate<'tcx> = ty::Binder<TraitPredicate<'tcx>>;
+pub type PolyTraitPredicate<'tcx> = ty::Binder<'tcx, TraitPredicate<'tcx>>;
 
 impl<'tcx> TraitPredicate<'tcx> {
     pub fn def_id(self) -> DefId {
@@ -574,7 +597,7 @@ impl<'tcx> PolyTraitPredicate<'tcx> {
         self.skip_binder().def_id()
     }
 
-    pub fn self_ty(self) -> ty::Binder<Ty<'tcx>> {
+    pub fn self_ty(self) -> ty::Binder<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>> {
         self.map_bound(|trait_ref| trait_ref.self_ty())
     }
 }
@@ -584,8 +607,8 @@ impl<'tcx> PolyTraitPredicate<'tcx> {
 pub struct OutlivesPredicate<A, B>(pub A, pub B); // `A: B`
 pub type RegionOutlivesPredicate<'tcx> = OutlivesPredicate<ty::Region<'tcx>, ty::Region<'tcx>>;
 pub type TypeOutlivesPredicate<'tcx> = OutlivesPredicate<Ty<'tcx>, ty::Region<'tcx>>;
-pub type PolyRegionOutlivesPredicate<'tcx> = ty::Binder<RegionOutlivesPredicate<'tcx>>;
-pub type PolyTypeOutlivesPredicate<'tcx> = ty::Binder<TypeOutlivesPredicate<'tcx>>;
+pub type PolyRegionOutlivesPredicate<'tcx> = ty::Binder<'tcx, RegionOutlivesPredicate<'tcx>>;
+pub type PolyTypeOutlivesPredicate<'tcx> = ty::Binder<'tcx, TypeOutlivesPredicate<'tcx>>;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Debug, TyEncodable, TyDecodable)]
 #[derive(HashStable, TypeFoldable)]
@@ -594,7 +617,7 @@ pub struct SubtypePredicate<'tcx> {
     pub a: Ty<'tcx>,
     pub b: Ty<'tcx>,
 }
-pub type PolySubtypePredicate<'tcx> = ty::Binder<SubtypePredicate<'tcx>>;
+pub type PolySubtypePredicate<'tcx> = ty::Binder<'tcx, SubtypePredicate<'tcx>>;
 
 /// This kind of predicate has no *direct* correspondent in the
 /// syntax, but it roughly corresponds to the syntactic forms:
@@ -615,25 +638,15 @@ pub struct ProjectionPredicate<'tcx> {
     pub ty: Ty<'tcx>,
 }
 
-pub type PolyProjectionPredicate<'tcx> = Binder<ProjectionPredicate<'tcx>>;
+pub type PolyProjectionPredicate<'tcx> = Binder<'tcx, ProjectionPredicate<'tcx>>;
 
 impl<'tcx> PolyProjectionPredicate<'tcx> {
-    /// Returns the `DefId` of the associated item being projected.
-    pub fn item_def_id(&self) -> DefId {
-        self.skip_binder().projection_ty.item_def_id
-    }
-
     /// Returns the `DefId` of the trait of the associated item being projected.
     #[inline]
     pub fn trait_def_id(&self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> DefId {
         self.skip_binder().projection_ty.trait_def_id(tcx)
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn projection_self_ty(&self) -> Binder<Ty<'tcx>> {
-        self.map_bound(|predicate| predicate.projection_ty.self_ty())
-    }
-
     /// Get the [PolyTraitRef] required for this projection to be well formed.
     /// Note that for generic associated types the predicates of the associated
     /// type also need to be checked.
@@ -647,7 +660,7 @@ impl<'tcx> PolyProjectionPredicate<'tcx> {
         self.map_bound(|predicate| predicate.projection_ty.trait_ref(tcx))
     }
 
-    pub fn ty(&self) -> Binder<Ty<'tcx>> {
+    pub fn ty(&self) -> Binder<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>> {
         self.map_bound(|predicate| predicate.ty)
     }
 
@@ -681,7 +694,7 @@ pub trait ToPredicate<'tcx> {
     fn to_predicate(self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> Predicate<'tcx>;
 }
 
-impl ToPredicate<'tcx> for Binder<PredicateKind<'tcx>> {
+impl ToPredicate<'tcx> for Binder<'tcx, PredicateKind<'tcx>> {
     #[inline(always)]
     fn to_predicate(self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> Predicate<'tcx> {
         tcx.mk_predicate(self)
@@ -704,11 +717,11 @@ impl<'tcx> ToPredicate<'tcx> for ConstnessAnd<TraitRef<'tcx>> {
 
 impl<'tcx> ToPredicate<'tcx> for ConstnessAnd<PolyTraitRef<'tcx>> {
     fn to_predicate(self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> Predicate<'tcx> {
-        ConstnessAnd {
-            value: self.value.map_bound(|trait_ref| ty::TraitPredicate { trait_ref }),
-            constness: self.constness,
-        }
-        .to_predicate(tcx)
+        self.value
+            .map_bound(|trait_ref| {
+                PredicateKind::Trait(ty::TraitPredicate { trait_ref }, self.constness)
+            })
+            .to_predicate(tcx)
     }
 }
 
@@ -1039,10 +1052,6 @@ impl WithOptConstParam<DefId> {
         None
     }
 
-    pub fn expect_local(self) -> WithOptConstParam<LocalDefId> {
-        self.as_local().unwrap()
-    }
-
     pub fn is_local(self) -> bool {
         self.did.is_local()
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/normalize_erasing_regions.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/normalize_erasing_regions.rs
index 9d97815a5f1..3b0cb8d4215 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/normalize_erasing_regions.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/normalize_erasing_regions.rs
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
         }
     }
 
-    /// If you have a `Binder<T>`, you can do this to strip out the
+    /// If you have a `Binder<'tcx, T>`, you can do this to strip out the
     /// late-bound regions and then normalize the result, yielding up
     /// a `T` (with regions erased). This is appropriate when the
     /// binder is being instantiated at the call site.
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
     pub fn normalize_erasing_late_bound_regions<T>(
         self,
         param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
-        value: ty::Binder<T>,
+        value: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
     ) -> T
     where
         T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/print/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/print/mod.rs
index a47846828bd..13e2122a619 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/print/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/print/mod.rs
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ pub trait Printer<'tcx>: Sized {
 
     fn print_dyn_existential(
         self,
-        predicates: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
+        predicates: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
     ) -> Result<Self::DynExistential, Self::Error>;
 
     fn print_const(self, ct: &'tcx ty::Const<'tcx>) -> Result<Self::Const, Self::Error>;
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ impl<'tcx, P: Printer<'tcx>> Print<'tcx, P> for Ty<'tcx> {
 }
 
 impl<'tcx, P: Printer<'tcx>> Print<'tcx, P>
-    for &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>
+    for &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>
 {
     type Output = P::DynExistential;
     type Error = P::Error;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/print/pretty.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/print/pretty.rs
index 3b72cc011d6..b8f39fce21d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/print/pretty.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/print/pretty.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ use std::char;
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 use std::convert::TryFrom;
 use std::fmt::{self, Write as _};
+use std::iter;
 use std::ops::{ControlFlow, Deref, DerefMut};
 
 // `pretty` is a separate module only for organization.
@@ -201,7 +202,7 @@ pub trait PrettyPrinter<'tcx>:
         self.print_def_path(def_id, substs)
     }
 
-    fn in_binder<T>(self, value: &ty::Binder<T>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>
+    fn in_binder<T>(self, value: &ty::Binder<'tcx, T>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>
     where
         T: Print<'tcx, Self, Output = Self, Error = Self::Error> + TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
     {
@@ -210,7 +211,7 @@ pub trait PrettyPrinter<'tcx>:
 
     fn wrap_binder<T, F: Fn(&T, Self) -> Result<Self, fmt::Error>>(
         self,
-        value: &ty::Binder<T>,
+        value: &ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
         f: F,
     ) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>
     where
@@ -764,7 +765,7 @@ pub trait PrettyPrinter<'tcx>:
 
     fn pretty_print_dyn_existential(
         mut self,
-        predicates: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
+        predicates: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
     ) -> Result<Self::DynExistential, Self::Error> {
         // Generate the main trait ref, including associated types.
         let mut first = true;
@@ -1223,7 +1224,7 @@ pub trait PrettyPrinter<'tcx>:
                             CtorKind::Fictive => {
                                 p!(" {{ ");
                                 let mut first = true;
-                                for (field_def, field) in variant_def.fields.iter().zip(fields) {
+                                for (field_def, field) in iter::zip(&variant_def.fields, fields) {
                                     if !first {
                                         p!(", ");
                                     }
@@ -1431,7 +1432,7 @@ impl<F: fmt::Write> Printer<'tcx> for FmtPrinter<'_, 'tcx, F> {
 
     fn print_dyn_existential(
         self,
-        predicates: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
+        predicates: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
     ) -> Result<Self::DynExistential, Self::Error> {
         self.pretty_print_dyn_existential(predicates)
     }
@@ -1570,7 +1571,7 @@ impl<F: fmt::Write> PrettyPrinter<'tcx> for FmtPrinter<'_, 'tcx, F> {
         Ok(self)
     }
 
-    fn in_binder<T>(self, value: &ty::Binder<T>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>
+    fn in_binder<T>(self, value: &ty::Binder<'tcx, T>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>
     where
         T: Print<'tcx, Self, Output = Self, Error = Self::Error> + TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
     {
@@ -1579,7 +1580,7 @@ impl<F: fmt::Write> PrettyPrinter<'tcx> for FmtPrinter<'_, 'tcx, F> {
 
     fn wrap_binder<T, C: Fn(&T, Self) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>>(
         self,
-        value: &ty::Binder<T>,
+        value: &ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
         f: C,
     ) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>
     where
@@ -1635,7 +1636,7 @@ impl<F: fmt::Write> PrettyPrinter<'tcx> for FmtPrinter<'_, 'tcx, F> {
                 data.name != kw::Empty && data.name != kw::UnderscoreLifetime
             }
 
-            ty::ReLateBound(_, ty::BoundRegion { kind: br })
+            ty::ReLateBound(_, ty::BoundRegion { kind: br, .. })
             | ty::ReFree(ty::FreeRegion { bound_region: br, .. })
             | ty::RePlaceholder(ty::Placeholder { name: br, .. }) => {
                 if let ty::BrNamed(_, name) = br {
@@ -1714,7 +1715,7 @@ impl<F: fmt::Write> FmtPrinter<'_, '_, F> {
                     return Ok(self);
                 }
             }
-            ty::ReLateBound(_, ty::BoundRegion { kind: br })
+            ty::ReLateBound(_, ty::BoundRegion { kind: br, .. })
             | ty::ReFree(ty::FreeRegion { bound_region: br, .. })
             | ty::RePlaceholder(ty::Placeholder { name: br, .. }) => {
                 if let ty::BrNamed(_, name) = br {
@@ -1762,7 +1763,7 @@ impl<F: fmt::Write> FmtPrinter<'_, '_, F> {
 impl<F: fmt::Write> FmtPrinter<'_, 'tcx, F> {
     pub fn name_all_regions<T>(
         mut self,
-        value: &ty::Binder<T>,
+        value: &ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
     ) -> Result<(Self, (T, BTreeMap<ty::BoundRegion, ty::Region<'tcx>>)), fmt::Error>
     where
         T: Print<'tcx, Self, Output = Self, Error = fmt::Error> + TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
@@ -1820,7 +1821,8 @@ impl<F: fmt::Write> FmtPrinter<'_, 'tcx, F> {
                     ty::BrNamed(DefId::local(CRATE_DEF_INDEX), name)
                 }
             };
-            self.tcx.mk_region(ty::ReLateBound(ty::INNERMOST, ty::BoundRegion { kind }))
+            self.tcx
+                .mk_region(ty::ReLateBound(ty::INNERMOST, ty::BoundRegion { var: br.var, kind }))
         });
         start_or_continue(&mut self, "", "> ")?;
 
@@ -1829,7 +1831,7 @@ impl<F: fmt::Write> FmtPrinter<'_, 'tcx, F> {
         Ok((self, new_value))
     }
 
-    pub fn pretty_in_binder<T>(self, value: &ty::Binder<T>) -> Result<Self, fmt::Error>
+    pub fn pretty_in_binder<T>(self, value: &ty::Binder<'tcx, T>) -> Result<Self, fmt::Error>
     where
         T: Print<'tcx, Self, Output = Self, Error = fmt::Error> + TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
     {
@@ -1843,7 +1845,7 @@ impl<F: fmt::Write> FmtPrinter<'_, 'tcx, F> {
 
     pub fn pretty_wrap_binder<T, C: Fn(&T, Self) -> Result<Self, fmt::Error>>(
         self,
-        value: &ty::Binder<T>,
+        value: &ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
         f: C,
     ) -> Result<Self, fmt::Error>
     where
@@ -1857,14 +1859,14 @@ impl<F: fmt::Write> FmtPrinter<'_, 'tcx, F> {
         Ok(inner)
     }
 
-    fn prepare_late_bound_region_info<T>(&mut self, value: &ty::Binder<T>)
+    fn prepare_late_bound_region_info<T>(&mut self, value: &ty::Binder<'tcx, T>)
     where
         T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
     {
         struct LateBoundRegionNameCollector<'a>(&'a mut FxHashSet<Symbol>);
         impl<'tcx> ty::fold::TypeVisitor<'tcx> for LateBoundRegionNameCollector<'_> {
             fn visit_region(&mut self, r: ty::Region<'tcx>) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
-                if let ty::ReLateBound(_, ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrNamed(_, name) }) = *r {
+                if let ty::ReLateBound(_, ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrNamed(_, name), .. }) = *r {
                     self.0.insert(name);
                 }
                 r.super_visit_with(self)
@@ -1878,7 +1880,7 @@ impl<F: fmt::Write> FmtPrinter<'_, 'tcx, F> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tcx, T, P: PrettyPrinter<'tcx>> Print<'tcx, P> for ty::Binder<T>
+impl<'tcx, T, P: PrettyPrinter<'tcx>> Print<'tcx, P> for ty::Binder<'tcx, T>
 where
     T: Print<'tcx, P, Output = P, Error = P::Error> + TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
 {
@@ -1965,28 +1967,28 @@ impl ty::TraitRef<'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
-impl ty::Binder<ty::TraitRef<'tcx>> {
-    pub fn print_only_trait_path(self) -> ty::Binder<TraitRefPrintOnlyTraitPath<'tcx>> {
+impl ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::TraitRef<'tcx>> {
+    pub fn print_only_trait_path(self) -> ty::Binder<'tcx, TraitRefPrintOnlyTraitPath<'tcx>> {
         self.map_bound(|tr| tr.print_only_trait_path())
     }
 }
 
 forward_display_to_print! {
     Ty<'tcx>,
-    &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
+    &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
     &'tcx ty::Const<'tcx>,
 
     // HACK(eddyb) these are exhaustive instead of generic,
     // because `for<'tcx>` isn't possible yet.
-    ty::Binder<ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>,
-    ty::Binder<ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
-    ty::Binder<TraitRefPrintOnlyTraitPath<'tcx>>,
-    ty::Binder<ty::FnSig<'tcx>>,
-    ty::Binder<ty::TraitPredicate<'tcx>>,
-    ty::Binder<ty::SubtypePredicate<'tcx>>,
-    ty::Binder<ty::ProjectionPredicate<'tcx>>,
-    ty::Binder<ty::OutlivesPredicate<Ty<'tcx>, ty::Region<'tcx>>>,
-    ty::Binder<ty::OutlivesPredicate<ty::Region<'tcx>, ty::Region<'tcx>>>,
+    ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>,
+    ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
+    ty::Binder<'tcx, TraitRefPrintOnlyTraitPath<'tcx>>,
+    ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::FnSig<'tcx>>,
+    ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::TraitPredicate<'tcx>>,
+    ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::SubtypePredicate<'tcx>>,
+    ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::ProjectionPredicate<'tcx>>,
+    ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::OutlivesPredicate<Ty<'tcx>, ty::Region<'tcx>>>,
+    ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::OutlivesPredicate<ty::Region<'tcx>, ty::Region<'tcx>>>,
 
     ty::OutlivesPredicate<Ty<'tcx>, ty::Region<'tcx>>,
     ty::OutlivesPredicate<ty::Region<'tcx>, ty::Region<'tcx>>
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/query/on_disk_cache.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/query/on_disk_cache.rs
index ff11314d2ff..416199b3840 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/query/on_disk_cache.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/query/on_disk_cache.rs
@@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ impl<'sess> OnDiskCache<'sess> {
     ) {
         let mut current_diagnostics = self.current_diagnostics.borrow_mut();
 
-        let x = current_diagnostics.entry(dep_node_index).or_insert(Vec::new());
+        let x = current_diagnostics.entry(dep_node_index).or_default();
 
         x.extend(Into::<Vec<_>>::into(diagnostics));
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/relate.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/relate.rs
index c936c30f456..ca60339da0d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/relate.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/relate.rs
@@ -33,15 +33,6 @@ pub trait TypeRelation<'tcx>: Sized {
     /// relation. Just affects error messages.
     fn a_is_expected(&self) -> bool;
 
-    /// Whether we should look into the substs of unevaluated constants
-    /// even if `feature(const_evaluatable_checked)` is active.
-    ///
-    /// This is needed in `combine` to prevent accidentially creating
-    /// infinite types as we abuse `TypeRelation` to walk a type there.
-    fn visit_ct_substs(&self) -> bool {
-        false
-    }
-
     fn with_cause<F, R>(&mut self, _cause: Cause, f: F) -> R
     where
         F: FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R,
@@ -102,9 +93,9 @@ pub trait TypeRelation<'tcx>: Sized {
 
     fn binders<T>(
         &mut self,
-        a: ty::Binder<T>,
-        b: ty::Binder<T>,
-    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<T>>
+        a: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+        b: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<'tcx, T>>
     where
         T: Relate<'tcx>;
 }
@@ -149,7 +140,7 @@ pub fn relate_substs<R: TypeRelation<'tcx>>(
 ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, SubstsRef<'tcx>> {
     let tcx = relation.tcx();
 
-    let params = a_subst.iter().zip(b_subst).enumerate().map(|(i, (a, b))| {
+    let params = iter::zip(a_subst, b_subst).enumerate().map(|(i, (a, b))| {
         let variance = variances.map_or(ty::Invariant, |v| v[i]);
         relation.relate_with_variance(variance, a, b)
     });
@@ -179,12 +170,8 @@ impl<'tcx> Relate<'tcx> for ty::FnSig<'tcx> {
             return Err(TypeError::ArgCount);
         }
 
-        let inputs_and_output = a
-            .inputs()
-            .iter()
-            .cloned()
-            .zip(b.inputs().iter().cloned())
-            .map(|x| (x, false))
+        let inputs_and_output = iter::zip(a.inputs(), b.inputs())
+            .map(|(&a, &b)| ((a, b), false))
             .chain(iter::once(((a.output(), b.output()), true)))
             .map(|((a, b), is_output)| {
                 if is_output {
@@ -308,7 +295,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Relate<'tcx> for GeneratorWitness<'tcx> {
     ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, GeneratorWitness<'tcx>> {
         assert_eq!(a.0.len(), b.0.len());
         let tcx = relation.tcx();
-        let types = tcx.mk_type_list(a.0.iter().zip(b.0).map(|(a, b)| relation.relate(a, b)))?;
+        let types = tcx.mk_type_list(iter::zip(a.0, b.0).map(|(a, b)| relation.relate(a, b)))?;
         Ok(GeneratorWitness(types))
     }
 }
@@ -432,9 +419,9 @@ pub fn super_relate_tys<R: TypeRelation<'tcx>>(
                     let sz_a = sz_a.try_eval_usize(tcx, relation.param_env());
                     let sz_b = sz_b.try_eval_usize(tcx, relation.param_env());
                     match (sz_a, sz_b) {
-                        (Some(sz_a_val), Some(sz_b_val)) => Err(TypeError::FixedArraySize(
-                            expected_found(relation, sz_a_val, sz_b_val),
-                        )),
+                        (Some(sz_a_val), Some(sz_b_val)) if sz_a_val != sz_b_val => Err(
+                            TypeError::FixedArraySize(expected_found(relation, sz_a_val, sz_b_val)),
+                        ),
                         _ => Err(err),
                     }
                 }
@@ -449,7 +436,7 @@ pub fn super_relate_tys<R: TypeRelation<'tcx>>(
         (&ty::Tuple(as_), &ty::Tuple(bs)) => {
             if as_.len() == bs.len() {
                 Ok(tcx.mk_tup(
-                    as_.iter().zip(bs).map(|(a, b)| relation.relate(a.expect_ty(), b.expect_ty())),
+                    iter::zip(as_, bs).map(|(a, b)| relation.relate(a.expect_ty(), b.expect_ty())),
                 )?)
             } else if !(as_.is_empty() || bs.is_empty()) {
                 Err(TypeError::TupleSize(expected_found(relation, as_.len(), bs.len())))
@@ -532,7 +519,7 @@ pub fn super_relate_consts<R: TypeRelation<'tcx>>(
         }
 
         (ty::ConstKind::Unevaluated(au), ty::ConstKind::Unevaluated(bu))
-            if tcx.features().const_evaluatable_checked && !relation.visit_ct_substs() =>
+            if tcx.features().const_evaluatable_checked =>
         {
             tcx.try_unify_abstract_consts(((au.def, au.substs), (bu.def, bu.substs)))
         }
@@ -593,9 +580,7 @@ fn check_const_value_eq<R: TypeRelation<'tcx>>(
 
             // Both the variant and each field have to be equal.
             if a_destructured.variant == b_destructured.variant {
-                for (a_field, b_field) in
-                    a_destructured.fields.iter().zip(b_destructured.fields.iter())
-                {
+                for (a_field, b_field) in iter::zip(a_destructured.fields, b_destructured.fields) {
                     relation.consts(a_field, b_field)?;
                 }
 
@@ -609,7 +594,7 @@ fn check_const_value_eq<R: TypeRelation<'tcx>>(
     })
 }
 
-impl<'tcx> Relate<'tcx> for &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>> {
+impl<'tcx> Relate<'tcx> for &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>> {
     fn relate<R: TypeRelation<'tcx>>(
         relation: &mut R,
         a: Self,
@@ -631,13 +616,12 @@ impl<'tcx> Relate<'tcx> for &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<ty::ExistentialPredicate<'
             return Err(TypeError::ExistentialMismatch(expected_found(relation, a, b)));
         }
 
-        let v = a_v.into_iter().zip(b_v.into_iter()).map(|(ep_a, ep_b)| {
+        let v = iter::zip(a_v, b_v).map(|(ep_a, ep_b)| {
             use crate::ty::ExistentialPredicate::*;
             match (ep_a.skip_binder(), ep_b.skip_binder()) {
-                (Trait(a), Trait(b)) => Ok(ty::Binder::bind(Trait(
-                    relation.relate(ep_a.rebind(a), ep_b.rebind(b))?.skip_binder(),
-                ))),
-                (Projection(a), Projection(b)) => Ok(ty::Binder::bind(Projection(
+                (Trait(a), Trait(b)) => Ok(ep_a
+                    .rebind(Trait(relation.relate(ep_a.rebind(a), ep_b.rebind(b))?.skip_binder()))),
+                (Projection(a), Projection(b)) => Ok(ep_a.rebind(Projection(
                     relation.relate(ep_a.rebind(a), ep_b.rebind(b))?.skip_binder(),
                 ))),
                 (AutoTrait(a), AutoTrait(b)) if a == b => Ok(ep_a.rebind(AutoTrait(a))),
@@ -700,12 +684,12 @@ impl<'tcx> Relate<'tcx> for &'tcx ty::Const<'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tcx, T: Relate<'tcx>> Relate<'tcx> for ty::Binder<T> {
+impl<'tcx, T: Relate<'tcx>> Relate<'tcx> for ty::Binder<'tcx, T> {
     fn relate<R: TypeRelation<'tcx>>(
         relation: &mut R,
-        a: ty::Binder<T>,
-        b: ty::Binder<T>,
-    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<T>> {
+        a: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+        b: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<'tcx, T>> {
         relation.binders(a, b)
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/structural_impls.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/structural_impls.rs
index 2da23b331e0..a969626b370 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/structural_impls.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/structural_impls.rs
@@ -454,10 +454,16 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Lift<'tcx> for ty::PredicateKind<'a> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tcx, T: Lift<'tcx>> Lift<'tcx> for ty::Binder<T> {
-    type Lifted = ty::Binder<T::Lifted>;
+impl<'a, 'tcx, T: Lift<'tcx>> Lift<'tcx> for ty::Binder<'a, T>
+where
+    <T as Lift<'tcx>>::Lifted: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
+{
+    type Lifted = ty::Binder<'tcx, T::Lifted>;
     fn lift_to_tcx(self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> Option<Self::Lifted> {
-        self.map_bound(|v| tcx.lift(v)).transpose()
+        let bound_vars = tcx.lift(self.bound_vars());
+        tcx.lift(self.skip_binder())
+            .zip(bound_vars)
+            .map(|(value, vars)| ty::Binder::bind_with_vars(value, vars))
     }
 }
 
@@ -749,7 +755,7 @@ impl<'tcx, T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>> TypeFoldable<'tcx> for Box<[T]> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tcx, T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>> TypeFoldable<'tcx> for ty::Binder<T> {
+impl<'tcx, T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>> TypeFoldable<'tcx> for ty::Binder<'tcx, T> {
     fn super_fold_with<F: TypeFolder<'tcx>>(self, folder: &mut F) -> Self {
         self.map_bound(|ty| ty.fold_with(folder))
     }
@@ -767,7 +773,7 @@ impl<'tcx, T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>> TypeFoldable<'tcx> for ty::Binder<T> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tcx> TypeFoldable<'tcx> for &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>> {
+impl<'tcx> TypeFoldable<'tcx> for &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>> {
     fn super_fold_with<F: TypeFolder<'tcx>>(self, folder: &mut F) -> Self {
         ty::util::fold_list(self, folder, |tcx, v| tcx.intern_poly_existential_predicates(v))
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/sty.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/sty.rs
index e78e928398f..e352d0bc756 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/sty.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/sty.rs
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 use self::TyKind::*;
 
 use crate::infer::canonical::Canonical;
+use crate::ty::fold::BoundVarsCollector;
+use crate::ty::fold::ValidateBoundVars;
 use crate::ty::subst::{GenericArg, InternalSubsts, Subst, SubstsRef};
 use crate::ty::InferTy::{self, *};
 use crate::ty::{
@@ -62,22 +64,10 @@ pub enum BoundRegionKind {
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, TyEncodable, TyDecodable, Debug, PartialOrd, Ord)]
 #[derive(HashStable)]
 pub struct BoundRegion {
+    pub var: BoundVar,
     pub kind: BoundRegionKind,
 }
 
-impl BoundRegion {
-    /// When canonicalizing, we replace unbound inference variables and free
-    /// regions with anonymous late bound regions. This method asserts that
-    /// we have an anonymous late bound region, which hence may refer to
-    /// a canonical variable.
-    pub fn assert_bound_var(&self) -> BoundVar {
-        match self.kind {
-            BoundRegionKind::BrAnon(var) => BoundVar::from_u32(var),
-            _ => bug!("bound region is not anonymous"),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 impl BoundRegionKind {
     pub fn is_named(&self) -> bool {
         match *self {
@@ -161,7 +151,7 @@ pub enum TyKind<'tcx> {
     FnPtr(PolyFnSig<'tcx>),
 
     /// A trait object. Written as `dyn for<'b> Trait<'b, Assoc = u32> + Send + 'a`.
-    Dynamic(&'tcx List<Binder<ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>, ty::Region<'tcx>),
+    Dynamic(&'tcx List<Binder<'tcx, ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>, ty::Region<'tcx>),
 
     /// The anonymous type of a closure. Used to represent the type of
     /// `|a| a`.
@@ -173,7 +163,7 @@ pub enum TyKind<'tcx> {
 
     /// A type representing the types stored inside a generator.
     /// This should only appear in GeneratorInteriors.
-    GeneratorWitness(Binder<&'tcx List<Ty<'tcx>>>),
+    GeneratorWitness(Binder<'tcx, &'tcx List<Ty<'tcx>>>),
 
     /// The never type `!`.
     Never,
@@ -232,7 +222,7 @@ impl TyKind<'tcx> {
 
 // `TyKind` is used a lot. Make sure it doesn't unintentionally get bigger.
 #[cfg(all(target_arch = "x86_64", target_pointer_width = "64"))]
-static_assert_size!(TyKind<'_>, 24);
+static_assert_size!(TyKind<'_>, 32);
 
 /// A closure can be modeled as a struct that looks like:
 ///
@@ -747,7 +737,7 @@ impl<'tcx> ExistentialPredicate<'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tcx> Binder<ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>> {
+impl<'tcx> Binder<'tcx, ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>> {
     pub fn with_self_ty(&self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, self_ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> ty::Predicate<'tcx> {
         use crate::ty::ToPredicate;
         match self.skip_binder() {
@@ -768,7 +758,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Binder<ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tcx> List<ty::Binder<ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>> {
+impl<'tcx> List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>> {
     /// Returns the "principal `DefId`" of this set of existential predicates.
     ///
     /// A Rust trait object type consists (in addition to a lifetime bound)
@@ -794,7 +784,7 @@ impl<'tcx> List<ty::Binder<ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>> {
     /// is `{Send, Sync}`, while there is no principal. These trait objects
     /// have a "trivial" vtable consisting of just the size, alignment,
     /// and destructor.
-    pub fn principal(&self) -> Option<ty::Binder<ExistentialTraitRef<'tcx>>> {
+    pub fn principal(&self) -> Option<ty::Binder<'tcx, ExistentialTraitRef<'tcx>>> {
         self[0]
             .map_bound(|this| match this {
                 ExistentialPredicate::Trait(tr) => Some(tr),
@@ -810,7 +800,7 @@ impl<'tcx> List<ty::Binder<ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>> {
     #[inline]
     pub fn projection_bounds<'a>(
         &'a self,
-    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = ty::Binder<ExistentialProjection<'tcx>>> + 'a {
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = ty::Binder<'tcx, ExistentialProjection<'tcx>>> + 'a {
         self.iter().filter_map(|predicate| {
             predicate
                 .map_bound(|pred| match pred {
@@ -875,10 +865,10 @@ impl<'tcx> TraitRef<'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
-pub type PolyTraitRef<'tcx> = Binder<TraitRef<'tcx>>;
+pub type PolyTraitRef<'tcx> = Binder<'tcx, TraitRef<'tcx>>;
 
 impl<'tcx> PolyTraitRef<'tcx> {
-    pub fn self_ty(&self) -> Binder<Ty<'tcx>> {
+    pub fn self_ty(&self) -> Binder<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>> {
         self.map_bound_ref(|tr| tr.self_ty())
     }
 
@@ -931,7 +921,7 @@ impl<'tcx> ExistentialTraitRef<'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
-pub type PolyExistentialTraitRef<'tcx> = Binder<ExistentialTraitRef<'tcx>>;
+pub type PolyExistentialTraitRef<'tcx> = Binder<'tcx, ExistentialTraitRef<'tcx>>;
 
 impl<'tcx> PolyExistentialTraitRef<'tcx> {
     pub fn def_id(&self) -> DefId {
@@ -947,52 +937,56 @@ impl<'tcx> PolyExistentialTraitRef<'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Debug, TyEncodable, TyDecodable)]
+#[derive(HashStable)]
+pub enum BoundVariableKind {
+    Ty(BoundTyKind),
+    Region(BoundRegionKind),
+    Const,
+}
+
 /// Binder is a binder for higher-ranked lifetimes or types. It is part of the
 /// compiler's representation for things like `for<'a> Fn(&'a isize)`
 /// (which would be represented by the type `PolyTraitRef ==
-/// Binder<TraitRef>`). Note that when we instantiate,
+/// Binder<'tcx, TraitRef>`). Note that when we instantiate,
 /// erase, or otherwise "discharge" these bound vars, we change the
-/// type from `Binder<T>` to just `T` (see
+/// type from `Binder<'tcx, T>` to just `T` (see
 /// e.g., `liberate_late_bound_regions`).
 ///
 /// `Decodable` and `Encodable` are implemented for `Binder<T>` using the `impl_binder_encode_decode!` macro.
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Debug)]
-pub struct Binder<T>(T);
+pub struct Binder<'tcx, T>(T, &'tcx List<BoundVariableKind>);
 
-impl<T> Binder<T> {
+impl<'tcx, T> Binder<'tcx, T>
+where
+    T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
+{
     /// Wraps `value` in a binder, asserting that `value` does not
     /// contain any bound vars that would be bound by the
     /// binder. This is commonly used to 'inject' a value T into a
     /// different binding level.
-    pub fn dummy<'tcx>(value: T) -> Binder<T>
-    where
-        T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
-    {
+    pub fn dummy(value: T) -> Binder<'tcx, T> {
         debug_assert!(!value.has_escaping_bound_vars());
-        Binder(value)
+        Binder(value, ty::List::empty())
     }
 
     /// Wraps `value` in a binder, binding higher-ranked vars (if any).
-    pub fn bind(value: T) -> Binder<T> {
-        Binder(value)
+    pub fn bind(value: T, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> Binder<'tcx, T> {
+        let mut collector = BoundVarsCollector::new();
+        value.visit_with(&mut collector);
+        Binder(value, collector.into_vars(tcx))
     }
 
-    /// Wraps `value` in a binder without actually binding any currently
-    /// unbound variables.
-    ///
-    /// Note that this will shift all debrujin indices of escaping bound variables
-    /// by 1 to avoid accidential captures.
-    pub fn wrap_nonbinding(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, value: T) -> Binder<T>
-    where
-        T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
-    {
-        if value.has_escaping_bound_vars() {
-            Binder::bind(super::fold::shift_vars(tcx, value, 1))
-        } else {
-            Binder::dummy(value)
+    pub fn bind_with_vars(value: T, vars: &'tcx List<BoundVariableKind>) -> Binder<'tcx, T> {
+        if cfg!(debug_assertions) {
+            let mut validator = ValidateBoundVars::new(vars);
+            value.visit_with(&mut validator);
         }
+        Binder(value, vars)
     }
+}
 
+impl<'tcx, T> Binder<'tcx, T> {
     /// Skips the binder and returns the "bound" value. This is a
     /// risky thing to do because it's easy to get confused about
     /// De Bruijn indices and the like. It is usually better to
@@ -1013,22 +1007,39 @@ impl<T> Binder<T> {
         self.0
     }
 
-    pub fn as_ref(&self) -> Binder<&T> {
-        Binder(&self.0)
+    pub fn bound_vars(&self) -> &'tcx List<BoundVariableKind> {
+        self.1
     }
 
-    pub fn map_bound_ref<F, U>(&self, f: F) -> Binder<U>
+    pub fn as_ref(&self) -> Binder<'tcx, &T> {
+        Binder(&self.0, self.1)
+    }
+
+    pub fn map_bound_ref_unchecked<F, U>(&self, f: F) -> Binder<'tcx, U>
+    where
+        F: FnOnce(&T) -> U,
+    {
+        let value = f(&self.0);
+        Binder(value, self.1)
+    }
+
+    pub fn map_bound_ref<F, U: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(&self, f: F) -> Binder<'tcx, U>
     where
         F: FnOnce(&T) -> U,
     {
         self.as_ref().map_bound(f)
     }
 
-    pub fn map_bound<F, U>(self, f: F) -> Binder<U>
+    pub fn map_bound<F, U: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(self, f: F) -> Binder<'tcx, U>
     where
         F: FnOnce(T) -> U,
     {
-        Binder(f(self.0))
+        let value = f(self.0);
+        if cfg!(debug_assertions) {
+            let mut validator = ValidateBoundVars::new(self.1);
+            value.visit_with(&mut validator);
+        }
+        Binder(value, self.1)
     }
 
     /// Wraps a `value` in a binder, using the same bound variables as the
@@ -1040,8 +1051,15 @@ impl<T> Binder<T> {
     /// don't actually track bound vars. However, semantically, it is different
     /// because bound vars aren't allowed to change here, whereas they are
     /// in `bind`. This may be (debug) asserted in the future.
-    pub fn rebind<U>(&self, value: U) -> Binder<U> {
-        Binder(value)
+    pub fn rebind<U>(&self, value: U) -> Binder<'tcx, U>
+    where
+        U: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
+    {
+        if cfg!(debug_assertions) {
+            let mut validator = ValidateBoundVars::new(self.bound_vars());
+            value.visit_with(&mut validator);
+        }
+        Binder(value, self.1)
     }
 
     /// Unwraps and returns the value within, but only if it contains
@@ -1054,45 +1072,32 @@ impl<T> Binder<T> {
     /// binders, but that would require adjusting the debruijn
     /// indices, and given the shallow binding structure we often use,
     /// would not be that useful.)
-    pub fn no_bound_vars<'tcx>(self) -> Option<T>
+    pub fn no_bound_vars(self) -> Option<T>
     where
         T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
     {
         if self.0.has_escaping_bound_vars() { None } else { Some(self.skip_binder()) }
     }
 
-    /// Given two things that have the same binder level,
-    /// and an operation that wraps on their contents, executes the operation
-    /// and then wraps its result.
-    ///
-    /// `f` should consider bound regions at depth 1 to be free, and
-    /// anything it produces with bound regions at depth 1 will be
-    /// bound in the resulting return value.
-    pub fn fuse<U, F, R>(self, u: Binder<U>, f: F) -> Binder<R>
-    where
-        F: FnOnce(T, U) -> R,
-    {
-        Binder(f(self.0, u.0))
-    }
-
     /// Splits the contents into two things that share the same binder
     /// level as the original, returning two distinct binders.
     ///
     /// `f` should consider bound regions at depth 1 to be free, and
     /// anything it produces with bound regions at depth 1 will be
     /// bound in the resulting return values.
-    pub fn split<U, V, F>(self, f: F) -> (Binder<U>, Binder<V>)
+    pub fn split<U, V, F>(self, f: F) -> (Binder<'tcx, U>, Binder<'tcx, V>)
     where
         F: FnOnce(T) -> (U, V),
     {
         let (u, v) = f(self.0);
-        (Binder(u), Binder(v))
+        (Binder(u, self.1), Binder(v, self.1))
     }
 }
 
-impl<T> Binder<Option<T>> {
-    pub fn transpose(self) -> Option<Binder<T>> {
-        self.0.map(Binder)
+impl<'tcx, T> Binder<'tcx, Option<T>> {
+    pub fn transpose(self) -> Option<Binder<'tcx, T>> {
+        let bound_vars = self.1;
+        self.0.map(|v| Binder(v, bound_vars))
     }
 }
 
@@ -1155,19 +1160,7 @@ pub struct GenSig<'tcx> {
     pub return_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
 }
 
-pub type PolyGenSig<'tcx> = Binder<GenSig<'tcx>>;
-
-impl<'tcx> PolyGenSig<'tcx> {
-    pub fn resume_ty(&self) -> ty::Binder<Ty<'tcx>> {
-        self.map_bound_ref(|sig| sig.resume_ty)
-    }
-    pub fn yield_ty(&self) -> ty::Binder<Ty<'tcx>> {
-        self.map_bound_ref(|sig| sig.yield_ty)
-    }
-    pub fn return_ty(&self) -> ty::Binder<Ty<'tcx>> {
-        self.map_bound_ref(|sig| sig.return_ty)
-    }
-}
+pub type PolyGenSig<'tcx> = Binder<'tcx, GenSig<'tcx>>;
 
 /// Signature of a function type, which we have arbitrarily
 /// decided to use to refer to the input/output types.
@@ -1205,22 +1198,22 @@ impl<'tcx> FnSig<'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
-pub type PolyFnSig<'tcx> = Binder<FnSig<'tcx>>;
+pub type PolyFnSig<'tcx> = Binder<'tcx, FnSig<'tcx>>;
 
 impl<'tcx> PolyFnSig<'tcx> {
     #[inline]
-    pub fn inputs(&self) -> Binder<&'tcx [Ty<'tcx>]> {
-        self.map_bound_ref(|fn_sig| fn_sig.inputs())
+    pub fn inputs(&self) -> Binder<'tcx, &'tcx [Ty<'tcx>]> {
+        self.map_bound_ref_unchecked(|fn_sig| fn_sig.inputs())
     }
     #[inline]
-    pub fn input(&self, index: usize) -> ty::Binder<Ty<'tcx>> {
+    pub fn input(&self, index: usize) -> ty::Binder<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>> {
         self.map_bound_ref(|fn_sig| fn_sig.inputs()[index])
     }
-    pub fn inputs_and_output(&self) -> ty::Binder<&'tcx List<Ty<'tcx>>> {
+    pub fn inputs_and_output(&self) -> ty::Binder<'tcx, &'tcx List<Ty<'tcx>>> {
         self.map_bound_ref(|fn_sig| fn_sig.inputs_and_output)
     }
     #[inline]
-    pub fn output(&self) -> ty::Binder<Ty<'tcx>> {
+    pub fn output(&self) -> ty::Binder<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>> {
         self.map_bound_ref(|fn_sig| fn_sig.output())
     }
     pub fn c_variadic(&self) -> bool {
@@ -1234,7 +1227,7 @@ impl<'tcx> PolyFnSig<'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
-pub type CanonicalPolyFnSig<'tcx> = Canonical<'tcx, Binder<FnSig<'tcx>>>;
+pub type CanonicalPolyFnSig<'tcx> = Canonical<'tcx, Binder<'tcx, FnSig<'tcx>>>;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, TyEncodable, TyDecodable)]
 #[derive(HashStable)]
@@ -1248,10 +1241,6 @@ impl<'tcx> ParamTy {
         ParamTy { index, name }
     }
 
-    pub fn for_self() -> ParamTy {
-        ParamTy::new(0, kw::SelfUpper)
-    }
-
     pub fn for_def(def: &ty::GenericParamDef) -> ParamTy {
         ParamTy::new(def.index, def.name)
     }
@@ -1269,7 +1258,7 @@ pub struct ParamConst {
     pub name: Symbol,
 }
 
-impl<'tcx> ParamConst {
+impl ParamConst {
     pub fn new(index: u32, name: Symbol) -> ParamConst {
         ParamConst { index, name }
     }
@@ -1277,10 +1266,6 @@ impl<'tcx> ParamConst {
     pub fn for_def(def: &ty::GenericParamDef) -> ParamConst {
         ParamConst::new(def.index, def.name)
     }
-
-    pub fn to_const(self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> &'tcx ty::Const<'tcx> {
-        tcx.mk_const_param(self.index, self.name, ty)
-    }
 }
 
 pub type Region<'tcx> = &'tcx RegionKind;
@@ -1486,7 +1471,7 @@ pub struct ExistentialProjection<'tcx> {
     pub ty: Ty<'tcx>,
 }
 
-pub type PolyExistentialProjection<'tcx> = Binder<ExistentialProjection<'tcx>>;
+pub type PolyExistentialProjection<'tcx> = Binder<'tcx, ExistentialProjection<'tcx>>;
 
 impl<'tcx> ExistentialProjection<'tcx> {
     /// Extracts the underlying existential trait reference from this projection.
@@ -1580,35 +1565,6 @@ impl RegionKind {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Adjusts any De Bruijn indices so as to make `to_binder` the
-    /// innermost binder. That is, if we have something bound at `to_binder`,
-    /// it will now be bound at INNERMOST. This is an appropriate thing to do
-    /// when moving a region out from inside binders:
-    ///
-    /// ```
-    ///             for<'a>   fn(for<'b>   for<'c>   fn(&'a u32), _)
-    /// // Binder:  D3           D2        D1            ^^
-    /// ```
-    ///
-    /// Here, the region `'a` would have the De Bruijn index D3,
-    /// because it is the bound 3 binders out. However, if we wanted
-    /// to refer to that region `'a` in the second argument (the `_`),
-    /// those two binders would not be in scope. In that case, we
-    /// might invoke `shift_out_to_binder(D3)`. This would adjust the
-    /// De Bruijn index of `'a` to D1 (the innermost binder).
-    ///
-    /// If we invoke `shift_out_to_binder` and the region is in fact
-    /// bound by one of the binders we are shifting out of, that is an
-    /// error (and should fail an assertion failure).
-    pub fn shifted_out_to_binder(&self, to_binder: ty::DebruijnIndex) -> RegionKind {
-        match *self {
-            ty::ReLateBound(debruijn, r) => {
-                ty::ReLateBound(debruijn.shifted_out_to_binder(to_binder), r)
-            }
-            r => r,
-        }
-    }
-
     pub fn type_flags(&self) -> TypeFlags {
         let mut flags = TypeFlags::empty();
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/subst.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/subst.rs
index 5d1b976ae97..8352e8b4918 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/subst.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/subst.rs
@@ -448,7 +448,10 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeFolder<'tcx> for SubstFolder<'a, 'tcx> {
         self.tcx
     }
 
-    fn fold_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(&mut self, t: ty::Binder<T>) -> ty::Binder<T> {
+    fn fold_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(
+        &mut self,
+        t: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> ty::Binder<'tcx, T> {
         self.binders_passed += 1;
         let t = t.super_fold_with(self);
         self.binders_passed -= 1;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/trait_def.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/trait_def.rs
index ce17a724e25..33065bc3a7b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/trait_def.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/trait_def.rs
@@ -69,6 +69,12 @@ pub struct TraitImpls {
     non_blanket_impls: FxHashMap<fast_reject::SimplifiedType, Vec<DefId>>,
 }
 
+impl TraitImpls {
+    pub fn blanket_impls(&self) -> &[DefId] {
+        self.blanket_impls.as_slice()
+    }
+}
+
 impl<'tcx> TraitDef {
     pub fn new(
         def_id: DefId,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/util.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/util.rs
index cff8166974a..7d09ca5152f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/util.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/util.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ use rustc_macros::HashStable;
 use rustc_span::{Span, DUMMY_SP};
 use rustc_target::abi::{Integer, Size, TargetDataLayout};
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
-use std::{cmp, fmt};
+use std::{cmp, fmt, iter};
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct Discr<'tcx> {
@@ -414,9 +414,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
             _ => bug!(),
         };
 
-        let result = item_substs
-            .iter()
-            .zip(impl_substs.iter())
+        let result = iter::zip(item_substs, impl_substs)
             .filter(|&(_, k)| {
                 match k.unpack() {
                     GenericArgKind::Lifetime(&ty::RegionKind::ReEarlyBound(ref ebr)) => {
@@ -501,10 +499,9 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
         self,
         closure_def_id: DefId,
         closure_substs: SubstsRef<'tcx>,
-    ) -> Option<ty::Binder<Ty<'tcx>>> {
+        env_region: ty::RegionKind,
+    ) -> Option<Ty<'tcx>> {
         let closure_ty = self.mk_closure(closure_def_id, closure_substs);
-        let br = ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrEnv };
-        let env_region = ty::ReLateBound(ty::INNERMOST, br);
         let closure_kind_ty = closure_substs.as_closure().kind_ty();
         let closure_kind = closure_kind_ty.to_opt_closure_kind()?;
         let env_ty = match closure_kind {
@@ -512,7 +509,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
             ty::ClosureKind::FnMut => self.mk_mut_ref(self.mk_region(env_region), closure_ty),
             ty::ClosureKind::FnOnce => closure_ty,
         };
-        Some(ty::Binder::bind(env_ty))
+        Some(env_ty)
     }
 
     /// Returns `true` if the node pointed to by `def_id` is a `static` item.
@@ -701,7 +698,6 @@ impl<'tcx> ty::TyS<'tcx> {
     /// optimization as well as the rules around static values. Note
     /// that the `Freeze` trait is not exposed to end users and is
     /// effectively an implementation detail.
-    // FIXME: use `TyCtxtAt` instead of separate `Span`.
     pub fn is_freeze(&'tcx self, tcx_at: TyCtxtAt<'tcx>, param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>) -> bool {
         self.is_trivially_freeze() || tcx_at.is_freeze_raw(param_env.and(self))
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/diagnostics/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/diagnostics/mod.rs
index ec561fa3858..6ea0ba0a8e1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/diagnostics/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/diagnostics/mod.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use rustc_span::{
     Span,
 };
 use rustc_target::abi::VariantIdx;
+use std::iter;
 
 use super::borrow_set::BorrowData;
 use super::MirBorrowckCtxt;
@@ -501,7 +502,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> MirBorrowckCtxt<'cx, 'tcx> {
         // lifetimes without names with the value `'0`.
         match ty.kind() {
             ty::Ref(
-                ty::RegionKind::ReLateBound(_, ty::BoundRegion { kind: br })
+                ty::RegionKind::ReLateBound(_, ty::BoundRegion { kind: br, .. })
                 | ty::RegionKind::RePlaceholder(ty::PlaceholderRegion { name: br, .. }),
                 _,
                 _,
@@ -522,7 +523,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> MirBorrowckCtxt<'cx, 'tcx> {
         let region = match ty.kind() {
             ty::Ref(region, _, _) => {
                 match region {
-                    ty::RegionKind::ReLateBound(_, ty::BoundRegion { kind: br })
+                    ty::RegionKind::ReLateBound(_, ty::BoundRegion { kind: br, .. })
                     | ty::RegionKind::RePlaceholder(ty::PlaceholderRegion { name: br, .. }) => {
                         printer.region_highlight_mode.highlighting_bound_region(*br, counter)
                     }
@@ -970,13 +971,10 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> MirBorrowckCtxt<'cx, 'tcx> {
         let expr = &self.infcx.tcx.hir().expect_expr(hir_id).kind;
         debug!("closure_span: hir_id={:?} expr={:?}", hir_id, expr);
         if let hir::ExprKind::Closure(.., body_id, args_span, _) = expr {
-            for (captured_place, place) in self
-                .infcx
-                .tcx
-                .typeck(def_id.expect_local())
-                .closure_min_captures_flattened(def_id)
-                .zip(places)
-            {
+            for (captured_place, place) in iter::zip(
+                self.infcx.tcx.typeck(def_id.expect_local()).closure_min_captures_flattened(def_id),
+                places,
+            ) {
                 let upvar_hir_id = captured_place.get_root_variable();
                 //FIXME(project-rfc-2229#8): Use better span from captured_place
                 let span = self.infcx.tcx.upvars_mentioned(local_did)?[&upvar_hir_id].span;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/diagnostics/outlives_suggestion.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/diagnostics/outlives_suggestion.rs
index 7505e6e2dd1..3629c813bc7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/diagnostics/outlives_suggestion.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/diagnostics/outlives_suggestion.rs
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ impl OutlivesSuggestionBuilder {
         debug!("Collected {:?}: {:?}", fr, outlived_fr);
 
         // Add to set of constraints for final help note.
-        self.constraints_to_add.entry(fr).or_insert(Vec::new()).push(outlived_fr);
+        self.constraints_to_add.entry(fr).or_default().push(outlived_fr);
     }
 
     /// Emit an intermediate note on the given `Diagnostic` if the involved regions are
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/diagnostics/region_name.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/diagnostics/region_name.rs
index 03738f1b40a..1f168c612f1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/diagnostics/region_name.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/diagnostics/region_name.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 use std::fmt::{self, Display};
+use std::iter;
 
 use rustc_errors::DiagnosticBuilder;
 use rustc_hir as hir;
@@ -536,7 +537,8 @@ impl<'tcx> MirBorrowckCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                 // just worry about trying to match up the rustc type
                 // with the HIR types:
                 (ty::Tuple(elem_tys), hir::TyKind::Tup(elem_hir_tys)) => {
-                    search_stack.extend(elem_tys.iter().map(|k| k.expect_ty()).zip(*elem_hir_tys));
+                    search_stack
+                        .extend(iter::zip(elem_tys.iter().map(|k| k.expect_ty()), *elem_hir_tys));
                 }
 
                 (ty::Slice(elem_ty), hir::TyKind::Slice(elem_hir_ty))
@@ -611,7 +613,7 @@ impl<'tcx> MirBorrowckCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
         args: &'hir hir::GenericArgs<'hir>,
         search_stack: &mut Vec<(Ty<'tcx>, &'hir hir::Ty<'hir>)>,
     ) -> Option<&'hir hir::Lifetime> {
-        for (kind, hir_arg) in substs.iter().zip(args.args) {
+        for (kind, hir_arg) in iter::zip(substs, args.args) {
             match (kind.unpack(), hir_arg) {
                 (GenericArgKind::Lifetime(r), hir::GenericArg::Lifetime(lt)) => {
                     if r.to_region_vid() == needle_fr {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/invalidation.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/invalidation.rs
index 17c4f3c6494..1055e30a3a4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/invalidation.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/invalidation.rs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ use rustc_middle::mir::{BorrowKind, Mutability, Operand};
 use rustc_middle::mir::{InlineAsmOperand, Terminator, TerminatorKind};
 use rustc_middle::mir::{Statement, StatementKind};
 use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
+use std::iter;
 
 use crate::dataflow::indexes::BorrowIndex;
 
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for InvalidationGenerator<'cx, 'tcx> {
                 self.mutate_place(location, **place, Shallow(None), JustWrite);
             }
             StatementKind::LlvmInlineAsm(asm) => {
-                for (o, output) in asm.asm.outputs.iter().zip(asm.outputs.iter()) {
+                for (o, output) in iter::zip(&asm.asm.outputs, &*asm.outputs) {
                     if o.is_indirect {
                         // FIXME(eddyb) indirect inline asm outputs should
                         // be encoded through MIR place derefs instead.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/mod.rs
index 5b8bb7257e2..583f73d5775 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/mod.rs
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ use either::Either;
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
 use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+use std::iter;
 use std::mem;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 
@@ -595,7 +596,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> dataflow::ResultsVisitor<'cx, 'tcx> for MirBorrowckCtxt<'cx, 'tc
                 self.mutate_place(location, (**place, span), Shallow(None), JustWrite, flow_state);
             }
             StatementKind::LlvmInlineAsm(ref asm) => {
-                for (o, output) in asm.asm.outputs.iter().zip(asm.outputs.iter()) {
+                for (o, output) in iter::zip(&asm.asm.outputs, &*asm.outputs) {
                     if o.is_indirect {
                         // FIXME(eddyb) indirect inline asm outputs should
                         // be encoded through MIR place derefs instead.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/places_conflict.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/places_conflict.rs
index 02c7b7dc200..3654b51949e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/places_conflict.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/places_conflict.rs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_middle::mir::{Body, BorrowKind, Local, Place, PlaceElem, PlaceRef, ProjectionElem};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, TyCtxt};
 use std::cmp::max;
+use std::iter;
 
 /// When checking if a place conflicts with another place, this enum is used to influence decisions
 /// where a place might be equal or disjoint with another place, such as if `a[i] == a[j]`.
@@ -139,7 +140,7 @@ fn place_components_conflict<'tcx>(
 
     // loop invariant: borrow_c is always either equal to access_c or disjoint from it.
     for (i, (borrow_c, &access_c)) in
-        borrow_place.projection.iter().zip(access_place.projection.iter()).enumerate()
+        iter::zip(borrow_place.projection, access_place.projection).enumerate()
     {
         debug!("borrow_conflicts_with_place: borrow_c = {:?}", borrow_c);
         let borrow_proj_base = &borrow_place.projection[..i];
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/type_check/input_output.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/type_check/input_output.rs
index 77d91366224..1bb447d1057 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/type_check/input_output.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/type_check/input_output.rs
@@ -70,6 +70,12 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeChecker<'a, 'tcx> {
 
         // Equate expected input tys with those in the MIR.
         for (argument_index, &normalized_input_ty) in normalized_input_tys.iter().enumerate() {
+            if argument_index + 1 >= body.local_decls.len() {
+                self.tcx()
+                    .sess
+                    .delay_span_bug(body.span, "found more normalized_input_ty than local_decls");
+                break;
+            }
             // In MIR, argument N is stored in local N+1.
             let local = Local::new(argument_index + 1);
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/type_check/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/type_check/mod.rs
index aaa2bf4ff1b..3248554e204 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/type_check/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/type_check/mod.rs
@@ -1770,7 +1770,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeChecker<'a, 'tcx> {
         if args.len() < sig.inputs().len() || (args.len() > sig.inputs().len() && !sig.c_variadic) {
             span_mirbug!(self, term, "call to {:?} with wrong # of args", sig);
         }
-        for (n, (fn_arg, op_arg)) in sig.inputs().iter().zip(args).enumerate() {
+        for (n, (fn_arg, op_arg)) in iter::zip(sig.inputs(), args).enumerate() {
             let op_arg_ty = op_arg.ty(body, self.tcx());
             let op_arg_ty = self.normalize(op_arg_ty, term_location);
             let category = if from_hir_call {
@@ -2028,7 +2028,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeChecker<'a, 'tcx> {
                                             traits::ObligationCauseCode::RepeatVec(is_const_fn),
                                         ),
                                         self.param_env,
-                                        ty::Binder::bind(ty::TraitRef::new(
+                                        ty::Binder::dummy(ty::TraitRef::new(
                                             self.tcx().require_lang_item(
                                                 LangItem::Copy,
                                                 Some(self.last_span),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/universal_regions.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/universal_regions.rs
index 4b1acc1cd10..c2ac1e289ce 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/universal_regions.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/borrow_check/universal_regions.rs
@@ -580,7 +580,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> UniversalRegionsBuilder<'cx, 'tcx> {
 
         let global_mapping = iter::once((tcx.lifetimes.re_static, fr_static));
         let subst_mapping =
-            identity_substs.regions().zip(fr_substs.regions().map(|r| r.to_region_vid()));
+            iter::zip(identity_substs.regions(), fr_substs.regions().map(|r| r.to_region_vid()));
 
         UniversalRegionIndices { indices: global_mapping.chain(subst_mapping).collect() }
     }
@@ -589,31 +589,45 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> UniversalRegionsBuilder<'cx, 'tcx> {
         &self,
         indices: &UniversalRegionIndices<'tcx>,
         defining_ty: DefiningTy<'tcx>,
-    ) -> ty::Binder<&'tcx ty::List<Ty<'tcx>>> {
+    ) -> ty::Binder<'tcx, &'tcx ty::List<Ty<'tcx>>> {
         let tcx = self.infcx.tcx;
         match defining_ty {
             DefiningTy::Closure(def_id, substs) => {
                 assert_eq!(self.mir_def.did.to_def_id(), def_id);
                 let closure_sig = substs.as_closure().sig();
                 let inputs_and_output = closure_sig.inputs_and_output();
-                let closure_ty = tcx.closure_env_ty(def_id, substs).unwrap();
-                ty::Binder::fuse(closure_ty, inputs_and_output, |closure_ty, inputs_and_output| {
-                    // The "inputs" of the closure in the
-                    // signature appear as a tuple.  The MIR side
-                    // flattens this tuple.
-                    let (&output, tuplized_inputs) = inputs_and_output.split_last().unwrap();
-                    assert_eq!(tuplized_inputs.len(), 1, "multiple closure inputs");
-                    let inputs = match tuplized_inputs[0].kind() {
-                        ty::Tuple(inputs) => inputs,
-                        _ => bug!("closure inputs not a tuple: {:?}", tuplized_inputs[0]),
-                    };
+                let bound_vars = tcx.mk_bound_variable_kinds(
+                    inputs_and_output
+                        .bound_vars()
+                        .iter()
+                        .chain(iter::once(ty::BoundVariableKind::Region(ty::BrEnv))),
+                );
+                let br = ty::BoundRegion {
+                    var: ty::BoundVar::from_usize(bound_vars.len() - 1),
+                    kind: ty::BrEnv,
+                };
+                let env_region = ty::ReLateBound(ty::INNERMOST, br);
+                let closure_ty = tcx.closure_env_ty(def_id, substs, env_region).unwrap();
+
+                // The "inputs" of the closure in the
+                // signature appear as a tuple.  The MIR side
+                // flattens this tuple.
+                let (&output, tuplized_inputs) =
+                    inputs_and_output.skip_binder().split_last().unwrap();
+                assert_eq!(tuplized_inputs.len(), 1, "multiple closure inputs");
+                let inputs = match tuplized_inputs[0].kind() {
+                    ty::Tuple(inputs) => inputs,
+                    _ => bug!("closure inputs not a tuple: {:?}", tuplized_inputs[0]),
+                };
 
+                ty::Binder::bind_with_vars(
                     tcx.mk_type_list(
                         iter::once(closure_ty)
                             .chain(inputs.iter().map(|k| k.expect_ty()))
                             .chain(iter::once(output)),
-                    )
-                })
+                    ),
+                    bound_vars,
+                )
             }
 
             DefiningTy::Generator(def_id, substs, movability) => {
@@ -657,7 +671,7 @@ trait InferCtxtExt<'tcx> {
         &self,
         origin: NllRegionVariableOrigin,
         all_outlive_scope: LocalDefId,
-        value: ty::Binder<T>,
+        value: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
         indices: &mut UniversalRegionIndices<'tcx>,
     ) -> T
     where
@@ -686,7 +700,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> InferCtxtExt<'tcx> for InferCtxt<'cx, 'tcx> {
         &self,
         origin: NllRegionVariableOrigin,
         all_outlive_scope: LocalDefId,
-        value: ty::Binder<T>,
+        value: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
         indices: &mut UniversalRegionIndices<'tcx>,
     ) -> T
     where
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/dataflow/framework/cursor.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/dataflow/framework/cursor.rs
index 4942bed656c..c000e49c14b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/dataflow/framework/cursor.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/dataflow/framework/cursor.rs
@@ -64,10 +64,6 @@ where
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn body(&self) -> &'mir mir::Body<'tcx> {
-        self.body
-    }
-
     /// Returns the underlying `Results`.
     pub fn results(&self) -> &Results<'tcx, A> {
         &self.results.borrow()
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/dataflow/framework/lattice.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/dataflow/framework/lattice.rs
index e7ef9267db5..f937b31f4cf 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/dataflow/framework/lattice.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/dataflow/framework/lattice.rs
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 
 use rustc_index::bit_set::BitSet;
 use rustc_index::vec::{Idx, IndexVec};
+use std::iter;
 
 /// A [partially ordered set][poset] that has a [least upper bound][lub] for any pair of elements
 /// in the set.
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ impl<I: Idx, T: JoinSemiLattice> JoinSemiLattice for IndexVec<I, T> {
         assert_eq!(self.len(), other.len());
 
         let mut changed = false;
-        for (a, b) in self.iter_mut().zip(other.iter()) {
+        for (a, b) in iter::zip(self, other) {
             changed |= a.join(b);
         }
         changed
@@ -122,7 +123,7 @@ impl<I: Idx, T: MeetSemiLattice> MeetSemiLattice for IndexVec<I, T> {
         assert_eq!(self.len(), other.len());
 
         let mut changed = false;
-        for (a, b) in self.iter_mut().zip(other.iter()) {
+        for (a, b) in iter::zip(self, other) {
             changed |= a.meet(b);
         }
         changed
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/dataflow/impls/borrows.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/dataflow/impls/borrows.rs
index f24d0f0266d..c92cff1433f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/dataflow/impls/borrows.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/dataflow/impls/borrows.rs
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ use crate::borrow_check::{
 use crate::dataflow::{self, fmt::DebugWithContext, GenKill};
 
 use std::fmt;
+use std::iter;
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
     pub struct BorrowIndex {
@@ -292,7 +293,7 @@ impl<'tcx> dataflow::GenKillAnalysis<'tcx> for Borrows<'_, 'tcx> {
             }
 
             mir::StatementKind::LlvmInlineAsm(ref asm) => {
-                for (output, kind) in asm.outputs.iter().zip(&asm.asm.outputs) {
+                for (output, kind) in iter::zip(&*asm.outputs, &asm.asm.outputs) {
                     if !kind.is_indirect && !kind.is_rw {
                         self.kill_borrows_on_place(trans, *output);
                     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/dataflow/move_paths/builder.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/dataflow/move_paths/builder.rs
index 1ddd81e779b..52b6e9f3753 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/dataflow/move_paths/builder.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/dataflow/move_paths/builder.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ use rustc_middle::mir::*;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, TyCtxt};
 use smallvec::{smallvec, SmallVec};
 
+use std::iter;
 use std::mem;
 
 use super::abs_domain::Lift;
@@ -296,7 +297,7 @@ impl<'b, 'a, 'tcx> Gatherer<'b, 'a, 'tcx> {
                 self.create_move_path(**place);
             }
             StatementKind::LlvmInlineAsm(ref asm) => {
-                for (output, kind) in asm.outputs.iter().zip(&asm.asm.outputs) {
+                for (output, kind) in iter::zip(&*asm.outputs, &asm.asm.outputs) {
                     if !kind.is_indirect {
                         self.gather_init(output.as_ref(), InitKind::Deep);
                     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/interpret/eval_context.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/interpret/eval_context.rs
index 149a9f81ea0..18d4d71e517 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/interpret/eval_context.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/interpret/eval_context.rs
@@ -232,6 +232,8 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx, Tag, Extra> Frame<'mir, 'tcx, Tag, Extra> {
     /// this frame (can happen e.g. during frame initialization, and during unwinding on
     /// frames without cleanup code).
     /// We basically abuse `Result` as `Either`.
+    ///
+    /// Used by priroda.
     pub fn current_loc(&self) -> Result<mir::Location, Span> {
         self.loc
     }
@@ -460,11 +462,6 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn type_is_sized(&self, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> bool {
-        ty.is_sized(self.tcx, self.param_env)
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
     pub fn type_is_freeze(&self, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> bool {
         ty.is_freeze(self.tcx, self.param_env)
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/interpret/intrinsics/type_name.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/interpret/intrinsics/type_name.rs
index e1ec4cc5e97..ae5e78ee33f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/interpret/intrinsics/type_name.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/interpret/intrinsics/type_name.rs
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Printer<'tcx> for AbsolutePathPrinter<'tcx> {
 
     fn print_dyn_existential(
         mut self,
-        predicates: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
+        predicates: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
     ) -> Result<Self::DynExistential, Self::Error> {
         let mut first = true;
         for p in predicates {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/interpret/operand.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/interpret/operand.rs
index c70b57e631a..0f436fb3b03 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/interpret/operand.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/interpret/operand.rs
@@ -77,14 +77,6 @@ impl<'tcx, Tag> Immediate<Tag> {
     pub fn to_scalar(self) -> InterpResult<'tcx, Scalar<Tag>> {
         self.to_scalar_or_uninit().check_init()
     }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn to_scalar_pair(self) -> InterpResult<'tcx, (Scalar<Tag>, Scalar<Tag>)> {
-        match self {
-            Immediate::Scalar(..) => bug!("Got a thin pointer where a scalar pair was expected"),
-            Immediate::ScalarPair(a, b) => Ok((a.check_init()?, b.check_init()?)),
-        }
-    }
 }
 
 // ScalarPair needs a type to interpret, so we often have an immediate and a type together
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/lib.rs
index 32354641412..b0db4f9e649 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/lib.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ Rust MIR: a lowered representation of Rust.
 #![feature(decl_macro)]
 #![feature(exact_size_is_empty)]
 #![feature(exhaustive_patterns)]
+#![feature(iter_zip)]
 #![feature(never_type)]
 #![feature(map_try_insert)]
 #![feature(min_specialization)]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/monomorphize/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/monomorphize/mod.rs
index d2586f0f84d..9ca4b6687f1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/monomorphize/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/monomorphize/mod.rs
@@ -8,14 +8,14 @@ pub mod collector;
 pub mod partitioning;
 pub mod polymorphize;
 
-pub fn custom_coerce_unsize_info<'tcx>(
+fn custom_coerce_unsize_info<'tcx>(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
     source_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
     target_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
 ) -> CustomCoerceUnsized {
     let def_id = tcx.require_lang_item(LangItem::CoerceUnsized, None);
 
-    let trait_ref = ty::Binder::bind(ty::TraitRef {
+    let trait_ref = ty::Binder::dummy(ty::TraitRef {
         def_id,
         substs: tcx.mk_substs_trait(source_ty, &[target_ty.into()]),
     });
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/monomorphize/partitioning/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/monomorphize/partitioning/mod.rs
index 04f31ec3a33..dc2379fd92b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/monomorphize/partitioning/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/monomorphize/partitioning/mod.rs
@@ -196,13 +196,7 @@ pub fn partition<'tcx>(
 
     // Next we try to make as many symbols "internal" as possible, so LLVM has
     // more freedom to optimize.
-    if !tcx.sess.link_dead_code() && !tcx.sess.instrument_coverage() {
-        // Disabled for `-Z instrument-coverage` because some LLVM optimizations can sometimes
-        // break coverage results. Tests that failed at certain optimization levels are now
-        // validated at those optimization levels (via `compile-flags` directive); for example:
-        //   * `src/test/run-make-fulldeps/coverage/async.rs` broke with `-C opt-level=1`
-        //   * `src/test/run-make-fulldeps/coverage/closure.rs` broke with `-C opt-level=2`, and
-        //     also required disabling `generate_gcu_internal_copies` in `rustc_middle/mir/mono.rs`
+    if !tcx.sess.link_dead_code() {
         let _prof_timer = tcx.prof.generic_activity("cgu_partitioning_internalize_symbols");
         partitioner.internalize_symbols(cx, &mut post_inlining);
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/check_consts/validation.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/check_consts/validation.rs
index 1ad7b8fbbd5..ce5e41d3e7c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/check_consts/validation.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/check_consts/validation.rs
@@ -850,9 +850,12 @@ impl Visitor<'tcx> for Validator<'mir, 'tcx> {
                     let obligation = Obligation::new(
                         ObligationCause::dummy(),
                         param_env,
-                        Binder::bind(TraitPredicate {
-                            trait_ref: TraitRef::from_method(tcx, trait_id, substs),
-                        }),
+                        Binder::bind(
+                            TraitPredicate {
+                                trait_ref: TraitRef::from_method(tcx, trait_id, substs),
+                            },
+                            tcx,
+                        ),
                     );
 
                     let implsrc = tcx.infer_ctxt().enter(|infcx| {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/check_packed_ref.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/check_packed_ref.rs
index ee88daa83e7..13b7221046b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/check_packed_ref.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/check_packed_ref.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,18 @@
+use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefId, LocalDefId};
 use rustc_middle::mir::visit::{PlaceContext, Visitor};
 use rustc_middle::mir::*;
+use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_session::lint::builtin::UNALIGNED_REFERENCES;
+use rustc_span::symbol::sym;
 
 use crate::transform::MirPass;
 use crate::util;
 
+pub(crate) fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
+    *providers = Providers { unsafe_derive_on_repr_packed, ..*providers };
+}
+
 pub struct CheckPackedRef;
 
 impl<'tcx> MirPass<'tcx> for CheckPackedRef {
@@ -24,6 +31,41 @@ struct PackedRefChecker<'a, 'tcx> {
     source_info: SourceInfo,
 }
 
+fn unsafe_derive_on_repr_packed(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: LocalDefId) {
+    let lint_hir_id = tcx.hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(def_id);
+
+    tcx.struct_span_lint_hir(UNALIGNED_REFERENCES, lint_hir_id, tcx.def_span(def_id), |lint| {
+        // FIXME: when we make this a hard error, this should have its
+        // own error code.
+        let message = if tcx.generics_of(def_id).own_requires_monomorphization() {
+            "`#[derive]` can't be used on a `#[repr(packed)]` struct with \
+             type or const parameters (error E0133)"
+                .to_string()
+        } else {
+            "`#[derive]` can't be used on a `#[repr(packed)]` struct that \
+             does not derive Copy (error E0133)"
+                .to_string()
+        };
+        lint.build(&message).emit()
+    });
+}
+
+fn builtin_derive_def_id(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> Option<DefId> {
+    debug!("builtin_derive_def_id({:?})", def_id);
+    if let Some(impl_def_id) = tcx.impl_of_method(def_id) {
+        if tcx.has_attr(impl_def_id, sym::automatically_derived) {
+            debug!("builtin_derive_def_id({:?}) - is {:?}", def_id, impl_def_id);
+            Some(impl_def_id)
+        } else {
+            debug!("builtin_derive_def_id({:?}) - not automatically derived", def_id);
+            None
+        }
+    } else {
+        debug!("builtin_derive_def_id({:?}) - not a method", def_id);
+        None
+    }
+}
+
 impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for PackedRefChecker<'a, 'tcx> {
     fn visit_terminator(&mut self, terminator: &Terminator<'tcx>, location: Location) {
         // Make sure we know where in the MIR we are.
@@ -40,26 +82,33 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for PackedRefChecker<'a, 'tcx> {
     fn visit_place(&mut self, place: &Place<'tcx>, context: PlaceContext, _location: Location) {
         if context.is_borrow() {
             if util::is_disaligned(self.tcx, self.body, self.param_env, *place) {
-                let source_info = self.source_info;
-                let lint_root = self.body.source_scopes[source_info.scope]
-                    .local_data
-                    .as_ref()
-                    .assert_crate_local()
-                    .lint_root;
-                self.tcx.struct_span_lint_hir(
-                    UNALIGNED_REFERENCES,
-                    lint_root,
-                    source_info.span,
-                    |lint| {
-                        lint.build("reference to packed field is unaligned")
-                            .note(
-                                "fields of packed structs are not properly aligned, and creating \
-                                a misaligned reference is undefined behavior (even if that \
-                                reference is never dereferenced)",
-                            )
-                            .emit()
-                    },
-                );
+                let def_id = self.body.source.instance.def_id();
+                if let Some(impl_def_id) = builtin_derive_def_id(self.tcx, def_id) {
+                    // If a method is defined in the local crate,
+                    // the impl containing that method should also be.
+                    self.tcx.ensure().unsafe_derive_on_repr_packed(impl_def_id.expect_local());
+                } else {
+                    let source_info = self.source_info;
+                    let lint_root = self.body.source_scopes[source_info.scope]
+                        .local_data
+                        .as_ref()
+                        .assert_crate_local()
+                        .lint_root;
+                    self.tcx.struct_span_lint_hir(
+                        UNALIGNED_REFERENCES,
+                        lint_root,
+                        source_info.span,
+                        |lint| {
+                            lint.build("reference to packed field is unaligned")
+                                .note(
+                                    "fields of packed structs are not properly aligned, and creating \
+                                    a misaligned reference is undefined behavior (even if that \
+                                    reference is never dereferenced)",
+                                )
+                                .emit()
+                        },
+                    );
+                }
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/check_unsafety.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/check_unsafety.rs
index 532d201e056..09da9b2e4d6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/check_unsafety.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/check_unsafety.rs
@@ -10,14 +10,12 @@ use rustc_middle::mir::*;
 use rustc_middle::ty::cast::CastTy;
 use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, TyCtxt};
-use rustc_session::lint::builtin::{SAFE_PACKED_BORROWS, UNSAFE_OP_IN_UNSAFE_FN, UNUSED_UNSAFE};
+use rustc_session::lint::builtin::{UNSAFE_OP_IN_UNSAFE_FN, UNUSED_UNSAFE};
 use rustc_session::lint::Level;
-use rustc_span::symbol::sym;
 
 use std::ops::Bound;
 
 use crate::const_eval::is_min_const_fn;
-use crate::util;
 
 pub struct UnsafetyChecker<'a, 'tcx> {
     body: &'a Body<'tcx>,
@@ -182,18 +180,6 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for UnsafetyChecker<'a, 'tcx> {
             self.check_mut_borrowing_layout_constrained_field(*place, context.is_mutating_use());
         }
 
-        // Check for borrows to packed fields.
-        // `is_disaligned` already traverses the place to consider all projections after the last
-        // `Deref`, so this only needs to be called once at the top level.
-        if context.is_borrow() {
-            if util::is_disaligned(self.tcx, self.body, self.param_env, *place) {
-                self.require_unsafe(
-                    UnsafetyViolationKind::BorrowPacked,
-                    UnsafetyViolationDetails::BorrowOfPackedField,
-                );
-            }
-        }
-
         // Some checks below need the extra metainfo of the local declaration.
         let decl = &self.body.local_decls[place.local];
 
@@ -317,25 +303,15 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> UnsafetyChecker<'a, 'tcx> {
             // `unsafe` blocks are required in safe code
             Safety::Safe => {
                 for violation in violations {
-                    let mut violation = *violation;
                     match violation.kind {
                         UnsafetyViolationKind::GeneralAndConstFn
                         | UnsafetyViolationKind::General => {}
-                        UnsafetyViolationKind::BorrowPacked => {
-                            if self.min_const_fn {
-                                // const fns don't need to be backwards compatible and can
-                                // emit these violations as a hard error instead of a backwards
-                                // compat lint
-                                violation.kind = UnsafetyViolationKind::General;
-                            }
-                        }
-                        UnsafetyViolationKind::UnsafeFn
-                        | UnsafetyViolationKind::UnsafeFnBorrowPacked => {
+                        UnsafetyViolationKind::UnsafeFn => {
                             bug!("`UnsafetyViolationKind::UnsafeFn` in an `Safe` context")
                         }
                     }
-                    if !self.violations.contains(&violation) {
-                        self.violations.push(violation)
+                    if !self.violations.contains(violation) {
+                        self.violations.push(*violation)
                     }
                 }
                 false
@@ -345,11 +321,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> UnsafetyChecker<'a, 'tcx> {
                 for violation in violations {
                     let mut violation = *violation;
 
-                    if violation.kind == UnsafetyViolationKind::BorrowPacked {
-                        violation.kind = UnsafetyViolationKind::UnsafeFnBorrowPacked;
-                    } else {
-                        violation.kind = UnsafetyViolationKind::UnsafeFn;
-                    }
+                    violation.kind = UnsafetyViolationKind::UnsafeFn;
                     if !self.violations.contains(&violation) {
                         self.violations.push(violation)
                     }
@@ -369,8 +341,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> UnsafetyChecker<'a, 'tcx> {
                             // these unsafe things are stable in const fn
                             UnsafetyViolationKind::GeneralAndConstFn => {}
                             // these things are forbidden in const fns
-                            UnsafetyViolationKind::General
-                            | UnsafetyViolationKind::BorrowPacked => {
+                            UnsafetyViolationKind::General => {
                                 let mut violation = *violation;
                                 // const fns don't need to be backwards compatible and can
                                 // emit these violations as a hard error instead of a backwards
@@ -380,8 +351,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> UnsafetyChecker<'a, 'tcx> {
                                     self.violations.push(violation)
                                 }
                             }
-                            UnsafetyViolationKind::UnsafeFn
-                            | UnsafetyViolationKind::UnsafeFnBorrowPacked => bug!(
+                            UnsafetyViolationKind::UnsafeFn => bug!(
                                 "`UnsafetyViolationKind::UnsafeFn` in an `ExplicitUnsafe` context"
                             ),
                         }
@@ -464,7 +434,6 @@ pub(crate) fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
                 ty::WithOptConstParam { did, const_param_did: Some(param_did) },
             )
         },
-        unsafe_derive_on_repr_packed,
         ..*providers
     };
 }
@@ -544,25 +513,6 @@ fn unsafety_check_result<'tcx>(
     })
 }
 
-fn unsafe_derive_on_repr_packed(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: LocalDefId) {
-    let lint_hir_id = tcx.hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(def_id);
-
-    tcx.struct_span_lint_hir(SAFE_PACKED_BORROWS, lint_hir_id, tcx.def_span(def_id), |lint| {
-        // FIXME: when we make this a hard error, this should have its
-        // own error code.
-        let message = if tcx.generics_of(def_id).own_requires_monomorphization() {
-            "`#[derive]` can't be used on a `#[repr(packed)]` struct with \
-             type or const parameters (error E0133)"
-                .to_string()
-        } else {
-            "`#[derive]` can't be used on a `#[repr(packed)]` struct that \
-             does not derive Copy (error E0133)"
-                .to_string()
-        };
-        lint.build(&message).emit()
-    });
-}
-
 /// Returns the `HirId` for an enclosing scope that is also `unsafe`.
 fn is_enclosed(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'_>,
@@ -609,22 +559,6 @@ fn report_unused_unsafe(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, used_unsafe: &FxHashSet<hir::HirId>, id
     });
 }
 
-fn builtin_derive_def_id(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> Option<DefId> {
-    debug!("builtin_derive_def_id({:?})", def_id);
-    if let Some(impl_def_id) = tcx.impl_of_method(def_id) {
-        if tcx.has_attr(impl_def_id, sym::automatically_derived) {
-            debug!("builtin_derive_def_id({:?}) - is {:?}", def_id, impl_def_id);
-            Some(impl_def_id)
-        } else {
-            debug!("builtin_derive_def_id({:?}) - not automatically derived", def_id);
-            None
-        }
-    } else {
-        debug!("builtin_derive_def_id({:?}) - not a method", def_id);
-        None
-    }
-}
-
 pub fn check_unsafety(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: LocalDefId) {
     debug!("check_unsafety({:?})", def_id);
 
@@ -657,27 +591,6 @@ pub fn check_unsafety(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: LocalDefId) {
                 .note(note)
                 .emit();
             }
-            UnsafetyViolationKind::BorrowPacked => {
-                if let Some(impl_def_id) = builtin_derive_def_id(tcx, def_id.to_def_id()) {
-                    // If a method is defined in the local crate,
-                    // the impl containing that method should also be.
-                    tcx.ensure().unsafe_derive_on_repr_packed(impl_def_id.expect_local());
-                } else {
-                    tcx.struct_span_lint_hir(
-                        SAFE_PACKED_BORROWS,
-                        lint_root,
-                        source_info.span,
-                        |lint| {
-                            lint.build(&format!(
-                                "{} is unsafe and requires unsafe{} block (error E0133)",
-                                description, unsafe_fn_msg,
-                            ))
-                            .note(note)
-                            .emit()
-                        },
-                    )
-                }
-            }
             UnsafetyViolationKind::UnsafeFn => tcx.struct_span_lint_hir(
                 UNSAFE_OP_IN_UNSAFE_FN,
                 lint_root,
@@ -692,35 +605,6 @@ pub fn check_unsafety(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: LocalDefId) {
                     .emit();
                 },
             ),
-            UnsafetyViolationKind::UnsafeFnBorrowPacked => {
-                // When `unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn` is disallowed, the behavior of safe and unsafe functions
-                // should be the same in terms of warnings and errors. Therefore, with `#[warn(safe_packed_borrows)]`,
-                // a safe packed borrow should emit a warning *but not an error* in an unsafe function,
-                // just like in a safe function, even if `unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn` is `deny`.
-                //
-                // Also, `#[warn(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]` can't cause any new errors. Therefore, with
-                // `#[deny(safe_packed_borrows)]` and `#[warn(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]`, a packed borrow
-                // should only issue a warning for the sake of backwards compatibility.
-                //
-                // The solution those 2 expectations is to always take the minimum of both lints.
-                // This prevent any new errors (unless both lints are explicitly set to `deny`).
-                let lint = if tcx.lint_level_at_node(SAFE_PACKED_BORROWS, lint_root).0
-                    <= tcx.lint_level_at_node(UNSAFE_OP_IN_UNSAFE_FN, lint_root).0
-                {
-                    SAFE_PACKED_BORROWS
-                } else {
-                    UNSAFE_OP_IN_UNSAFE_FN
-                };
-                tcx.struct_span_lint_hir(&lint, lint_root, source_info.span, |lint| {
-                    lint.build(&format!(
-                        "{} is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)",
-                        description,
-                    ))
-                    .span_label(source_info.span, description)
-                    .note(note)
-                    .emit();
-                })
-            }
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/coverage/debug.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/coverage/debug.rs
index aabfee53acb..0e9728df73c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/coverage/debug.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/coverage/debug.rs
@@ -121,6 +121,7 @@ use rustc_middle::mir::coverage::*;
 use rustc_middle::mir::{self, BasicBlock, TerminatorKind};
 use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
 
+use std::iter;
 use std::lazy::SyncOnceCell;
 
 pub const NESTED_INDENT: &str = "    ";
@@ -703,9 +704,7 @@ pub(super) fn dump_coverage_graphviz(
         let edge_counters = from_terminator
             .successors()
             .map(|&successor_bb| graphviz_data.get_edge_counter(from_bcb, successor_bb));
-        edge_labels
-            .iter()
-            .zip(edge_counters)
+        iter::zip(&edge_labels, edge_counters)
             .map(|(label, some_counter)| {
                 if let Some(counter) = some_counter {
                     format!("{}\n{}", label, debug_counters.format_counter(counter))
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/deduplicate_blocks.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/deduplicate_blocks.rs
index e102512e1f3..c41e71e09a4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/deduplicate_blocks.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/deduplicate_blocks.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 //! This pass finds basic blocks that are completely equal,
 //! and replaces all uses with just one of them.
 
-use std::{collections::hash_map::Entry, hash::Hash, hash::Hasher};
+use std::{collections::hash_map::Entry, hash::Hash, hash::Hasher, iter};
 
 use crate::transform::MirPass;
 
@@ -115,11 +115,7 @@ impl<'tcx, 'a> PartialEq for BasicBlockHashable<'tcx, 'a> {
     fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
         self.basic_block_data.statements.len() == other.basic_block_data.statements.len()
             && &self.basic_block_data.terminator().kind == &other.basic_block_data.terminator().kind
-            && self
-                .basic_block_data
-                .statements
-                .iter()
-                .zip(&other.basic_block_data.statements)
+            && iter::zip(&self.basic_block_data.statements, &other.basic_block_data.statements)
                 .all(|(x, y)| statement_eq(&x.kind, &y.kind))
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/match_branches.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/match_branches.rs
index d04a7011ab0..f7a9835353e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/match_branches.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/match_branches.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 use crate::transform::MirPass;
 use rustc_middle::mir::*;
 use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
+use std::iter;
 
 use super::simplify::simplify_cfg;
 
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ impl<'tcx> MirPass<'tcx> for MatchBranchSimplification {
             if first_stmts.len() != scnd_stmts.len() {
                 continue;
             }
-            for (f, s) in first_stmts.iter().zip(scnd_stmts.iter()) {
+            for (f, s) in iter::zip(first_stmts, scnd_stmts) {
                 match (&f.kind, &s.kind) {
                     // If two statements are exactly the same, we can optimize.
                     (f_s, s_s) if f_s == s_s => {}
@@ -113,7 +114,7 @@ impl<'tcx> MirPass<'tcx> for MatchBranchSimplification {
             // and bb_idx has a different terminator from both of them.
             let (from, first, second) = bbs.pick3_mut(bb_idx, first, second);
 
-            let new_stmts = first.statements.iter().zip(second.statements.iter()).map(|(f, s)| {
+            let new_stmts = iter::zip(&first.statements, &second.statements).map(|(f, s)| {
                 match (&f.kind, &s.kind) {
                     (f_s, s_s) if f_s == s_s => (*f).clone(),
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/mod.rs
index 66d2ab8a3f1..5c49ee69edc 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/mod.rs
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ pub use rustc_middle::mir::MirSource;
 
 pub(crate) fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
     self::check_unsafety::provide(providers);
+    self::check_packed_ref::provide(providers);
     *providers = Providers {
         mir_keys,
         mir_const,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/util/alignment.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/util/alignment.rs
index f567c9cfaab..5d4ca871faa 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/util/alignment.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/util/alignment.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use rustc_middle::mir::*;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, TyCtxt};
+use rustc_target::abi::Align;
 
 /// Returns `true` if this place is allowed to be less aligned
 /// than its containing struct (because it is within a packed
@@ -14,17 +15,25 @@ where
     L: HasLocalDecls<'tcx>,
 {
     debug!("is_disaligned({:?})", place);
-    if !is_within_packed(tcx, local_decls, place) {
-        debug!("is_disaligned({:?}) - not within packed", place);
-        return false;
-    }
+    let pack = match is_within_packed(tcx, local_decls, place) {
+        None => {
+            debug!("is_disaligned({:?}) - not within packed", place);
+            return false;
+        }
+        Some(pack) => pack,
+    };
 
     let ty = place.ty(local_decls, tcx).ty;
     match tcx.layout_raw(param_env.and(ty)) {
-        Ok(layout) if layout.align.abi.bytes() == 1 => {
-            // if the alignment is 1, the type can't be further
-            // disaligned.
-            debug!("is_disaligned({:?}) - align = 1", place);
+        Ok(layout) if layout.align.abi <= pack => {
+            // If the packed alignment is greater or equal to the field alignment, the type won't be
+            // further disaligned.
+            debug!(
+                "is_disaligned({:?}) - align = {}, packed = {}; not disaligned",
+                place,
+                layout.align.abi.bytes(),
+                pack.bytes()
+            );
             false
         }
         _ => {
@@ -34,7 +43,11 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-fn is_within_packed<'tcx, L>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, local_decls: &L, place: Place<'tcx>) -> bool
+fn is_within_packed<'tcx, L>(
+    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+    local_decls: &L,
+    place: Place<'tcx>,
+) -> Option<Align>
 where
     L: HasLocalDecls<'tcx>,
 {
@@ -45,7 +58,7 @@ where
             ProjectionElem::Field(..) => {
                 let ty = place_base.ty(local_decls, tcx).ty;
                 match ty.kind() {
-                    ty::Adt(def, _) if def.repr.packed() => return true,
+                    ty::Adt(def, _) => return def.repr.pack,
                     _ => {}
                 }
             }
@@ -53,5 +66,5 @@ where
         }
     }
 
-    false
+    None
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/util/generic_graphviz.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/util/generic_graphviz.rs
index fd41e282266..21c18b28e25 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/util/generic_graphviz.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/util/generic_graphviz.rs
@@ -40,22 +40,6 @@ impl<
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn new_subgraph(
-        graph: &'a G,
-        graphviz_name: &str,
-        node_content_fn: NodeContentFn,
-        edge_labels_fn: EdgeLabelsFn,
-    ) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            graph,
-            is_subgraph: true,
-            graphviz_name: graphviz_name.to_owned(),
-            graph_label: None,
-            node_content_fn,
-            edge_labels_fn,
-        }
-    }
-
     pub fn set_graph_label(&mut self, graph_label: &str) {
         self.graph_label = Some(graph_label.to_owned());
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/util/patch.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/util/patch.rs
index 6566a996fe4..d09195f53ae 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir/src/util/patch.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir/src/util/patch.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ pub struct MirPatch<'tcx> {
     new_locals: Vec<LocalDecl<'tcx>>,
     resume_block: BasicBlock,
     next_local: usize,
-    make_nop: Vec<Location>,
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> MirPatch<'tcx> {
@@ -25,7 +24,6 @@ impl<'tcx> MirPatch<'tcx> {
             new_locals: vec![],
             next_local: body.local_decls.len(),
             resume_block: START_BLOCK,
-            make_nop: vec![],
         };
 
         // make sure the MIR we create has a resume block. It is
@@ -117,15 +115,7 @@ impl<'tcx> MirPatch<'tcx> {
         self.add_statement(loc, StatementKind::Assign(box (place, rv)));
     }
 
-    pub fn make_nop(&mut self, loc: Location) {
-        self.make_nop.push(loc);
-    }
-
     pub fn apply(self, body: &mut Body<'tcx>) {
-        debug!("MirPatch: make nops at: {:?}", self.make_nop);
-        for loc in self.make_nop {
-            body.make_statement_nop(loc);
-        }
         debug!(
             "MirPatch: {:?} new temps, starting from index {}: {:?}",
             self.new_locals.len(),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/expr/as_place.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/expr/as_place.rs
index fbc9c30fe53..589a4467dca 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/expr/as_place.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/expr/as_place.rs
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ use rustc_target::abi::VariantIdx;
 
 use rustc_index::vec::Idx;
 
+use std::iter;
+
 /// The "outermost" place that holds this value.
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
 crate enum PlaceBase {
@@ -140,7 +142,7 @@ fn is_ancestor_or_same_capture(
         return false;
     }
 
-    proj_possible_ancestor.iter().zip(proj_capture).all(|(a, b)| a == b)
+    iter::zip(proj_possible_ancestor, proj_capture).all(|(a, b)| a == b)
 }
 
 /// Computes the index of a capture within the desugared closure provided the closure's
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/expr/into.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/expr/into.rs
index fc92e8019c2..80a5bff8cad 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/expr/into.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/expr/into.rs
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_index::vec::Idx;
 use rustc_middle::mir::*;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, CanonicalUserTypeAnnotation};
+use std::iter;
 
 impl<'a, 'tcx> Builder<'a, 'tcx> {
     /// Compile `expr`, storing the result into `destination`, which
@@ -110,18 +111,17 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Builder<'a, 'tcx> {
             ExprKind::LogicalOp { op, lhs, rhs } => {
                 // And:
                 //
-                // [block: If(lhs)] -true-> [else_block: If(rhs)] -true-> [true_block]
-                //        |                          | (false)
-                //        +----------false-----------+------------------> [false_block]
+                // [block: If(lhs)] -true-> [else_block: dest = (rhs)]
+                //        | (false)
+                //  [shortcurcuit_block: dest = false]
                 //
                 // Or:
                 //
-                // [block: If(lhs)] -false-> [else_block: If(rhs)] -true-> [true_block]
-                //        | (true)                   | (false)
-                //  [true_block]               [false_block]
+                // [block: If(lhs)] -false-> [else_block: dest = (rhs)]
+                //        | (true)
+                //  [shortcurcuit_block: dest = true]
 
-                let (true_block, false_block, mut else_block, join_block) = (
-                    this.cfg.start_new_block(),
+                let (shortcircuit_block, mut else_block, join_block) = (
                     this.cfg.start_new_block(),
                     this.cfg.start_new_block(),
                     this.cfg.start_new_block(),
@@ -129,41 +129,31 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Builder<'a, 'tcx> {
 
                 let lhs = unpack!(block = this.as_local_operand(block, lhs));
                 let blocks = match op {
-                    LogicalOp::And => (else_block, false_block),
-                    LogicalOp::Or => (true_block, else_block),
+                    LogicalOp::And => (else_block, shortcircuit_block),
+                    LogicalOp::Or => (shortcircuit_block, else_block),
                 };
                 let term = TerminatorKind::if_(this.tcx, lhs, blocks.0, blocks.1);
                 this.cfg.terminate(block, source_info, term);
 
-                let rhs = unpack!(else_block = this.as_local_operand(else_block, rhs));
-                let term = TerminatorKind::if_(this.tcx, rhs, true_block, false_block);
-                this.cfg.terminate(else_block, source_info, term);
-
                 this.cfg.push_assign_constant(
-                    true_block,
+                    shortcircuit_block,
                     source_info,
                     destination,
                     Constant {
                         span: expr_span,
                         user_ty: None,
-                        literal: ty::Const::from_bool(this.tcx, true).into(),
+                        literal: match op {
+                            LogicalOp::And => ty::Const::from_bool(this.tcx, false).into(),
+                            LogicalOp::Or => ty::Const::from_bool(this.tcx, true).into(),
+                        },
                     },
                 );
+                this.cfg.goto(shortcircuit_block, source_info, join_block);
 
-                this.cfg.push_assign_constant(
-                    false_block,
-                    source_info,
-                    destination,
-                    Constant {
-                        span: expr_span,
-                        user_ty: None,
-                        literal: ty::Const::from_bool(this.tcx, false).into(),
-                    },
-                );
+                let rhs = unpack!(else_block = this.as_local_operand(else_block, rhs));
+                this.cfg.push_assign(else_block, source_info, destination, Rvalue::Use(rhs));
+                this.cfg.goto(else_block, source_info, join_block);
 
-                // Link up both branches:
-                this.cfg.goto(true_block, source_info, join_block);
-                this.cfg.goto(false_block, source_info, join_block);
                 join_block.unit()
             }
             ExprKind::Loop { body } => {
@@ -286,9 +276,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Builder<'a, 'tcx> {
                     // MIR does not natively support FRU, so for each
                     // base-supplied field, generate an operand that
                     // reads it from the base.
-                    field_names
-                        .into_iter()
-                        .zip(field_types.into_iter())
+                    iter::zip(field_names, *field_types)
                         .map(|(n, ty)| match fields_map.get(&n) {
                             Some(v) => v.clone(),
                             None => {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/mod.rs
index 9f1de3349a5..c90f94c6d63 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/mod.rs
@@ -252,8 +252,13 @@ fn liberated_closure_env_ty(
         _ => bug!("closure expr does not have closure type: {:?}", closure_ty),
     };
 
-    let closure_env_ty = tcx.closure_env_ty(closure_def_id, closure_substs).unwrap();
-    tcx.erase_late_bound_regions(closure_env_ty)
+    let bound_vars =
+        tcx.mk_bound_variable_kinds(std::iter::once(ty::BoundVariableKind::Region(ty::BrEnv)));
+    let br =
+        ty::BoundRegion { var: ty::BoundVar::from_usize(bound_vars.len() - 1), kind: ty::BrEnv };
+    let env_region = ty::ReLateBound(ty::INNERMOST, br);
+    let closure_env_ty = tcx.closure_env_ty(closure_def_id, closure_substs, env_region).unwrap();
+    tcx.erase_late_bound_regions(ty::Binder::bind_with_vars(closure_env_ty, bound_vars))
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/lib.rs
index 9aca005ae91..23bc1da09b5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/lib.rs
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #![feature(control_flow_enum)]
 #![feature(crate_visibility_modifier)]
 #![feature(bool_to_option)]
+#![feature(iter_zip)]
 #![feature(once_cell)]
 #![cfg_attr(bootstrap, feature(or_patterns))]
 #![recursion_limit = "256"]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/attr_wrapper.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/attr_wrapper.rs
index 7512f46988c..36a0fda6458 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/attr_wrapper.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/attr_wrapper.rs
@@ -98,21 +98,46 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         }
         impl CreateTokenStream for LazyTokenStreamImpl {
             fn create_token_stream(&self) -> TokenStream {
-                // The token produced by the final call to `next` or `next_desugared`
-                // was not actually consumed by the callback. The combination
-                // of chaining the initial token and using `take` produces the desired
-                // result - we produce an empty `TokenStream` if no calls were made,
-                // and omit the final token otherwise.
+                if self.num_calls == 0 {
+                    return TokenStream::new(vec![]);
+                }
+
                 let mut cursor_snapshot = self.cursor_snapshot.clone();
-                let tokens = std::iter::once(self.start_token.clone())
-                    .chain((0..self.num_calls).map(|_| {
-                        if self.desugar_doc_comments {
+                // Don't skip `None` delimiters, since we want to pass them to
+                // proc macros. Normally, we'll end up capturing `TokenKind::Interpolated`,
+                // which gets converted to a `None`-delimited group when we invoke
+                // a proc-macro. However, it's possible to already have a `None`-delimited
+                // group in the stream (such as when parsing the output of a proc-macro,
+                // or in certain unusual cases with cross-crate `macro_rules!` macros).
+                cursor_snapshot.skip_none_delims = false;
+
+                // The token produced by the final call to `next` or `next_desugared`
+                // was not actually consumed by the callback.
+                let num_calls = self.num_calls - 1;
+                let mut i = 0;
+                let tokens =
+                    std::iter::once(self.start_token.clone()).chain(std::iter::from_fn(|| {
+                        if i >= num_calls {
+                            return None;
+                        }
+
+                        let token = if self.desugar_doc_comments {
                             cursor_snapshot.next_desugared()
                         } else {
                             cursor_snapshot.next()
+                        };
+
+                        // When the `LazyTokenStreamImpl` was original produced, we did *not*
+                        // include `NoDelim` tokens in `num_calls`, since they are normally ignored
+                        // by the parser. Therefore, we only increment our counter for other types of tokens.
+                        if !matches!(
+                            token.0.kind,
+                            token::OpenDelim(token::NoDelim) | token::CloseDelim(token::NoDelim)
+                        ) {
+                            i += 1;
                         }
-                    }))
-                    .take(self.num_calls);
+                        Some(token)
+                    }));
 
                 make_token_stream(tokens, self.append_unglued_token.clone())
             }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/mod.rs
index f0ee76d328c..748a8e2bb49 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/mod.rs
@@ -172,6 +172,13 @@ struct TokenCursor {
     // appended to the captured stream when
     // we evaluate a `LazyTokenStream`
     append_unglued_token: Option<TreeAndSpacing>,
+    // If `true`, skip the delimiters for `None`-delimited groups,
+    // and just yield the inner tokens. This is `true` during
+    // normal parsing, since the parser code is not currently prepared
+    // to handle `None` delimiters. When capturing a `TokenStream`,
+    // however, we want to handle `None`-delimiters, since
+    // proc-macros always see `None`-delimited groups.
+    skip_none_delims: bool,
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
@@ -184,13 +191,13 @@ struct TokenCursorFrame {
 }
 
 impl TokenCursorFrame {
-    fn new(span: DelimSpan, delim: DelimToken, tts: TokenStream) -> Self {
+    fn new(span: DelimSpan, delim: DelimToken, tts: TokenStream, skip_none_delims: bool) -> Self {
         TokenCursorFrame {
             delim,
             span,
-            open_delim: delim == token::NoDelim,
+            open_delim: delim == token::NoDelim && skip_none_delims,
             tree_cursor: tts.into_trees(),
-            close_delim: delim == token::NoDelim,
+            close_delim: delim == token::NoDelim && skip_none_delims,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -218,7 +225,7 @@ impl TokenCursor {
                     return (token, spacing);
                 }
                 TokenTree::Delimited(sp, delim, tts) => {
-                    let frame = TokenCursorFrame::new(sp, delim, tts);
+                    let frame = TokenCursorFrame::new(sp, delim, tts, self.skip_none_delims);
                     self.stack.push(mem::replace(&mut self.frame, frame));
                 }
             }
@@ -276,6 +283,7 @@ impl TokenCursor {
                         .cloned()
                         .collect::<TokenStream>()
                 },
+                self.skip_none_delims,
             ),
         ));
 
@@ -371,12 +379,19 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             prev_token: Token::dummy(),
             restrictions: Restrictions::empty(),
             expected_tokens: Vec::new(),
+            // Skip over the delimiters for `None`-delimited groups
             token_cursor: TokenCursor {
-                frame: TokenCursorFrame::new(DelimSpan::dummy(), token::NoDelim, tokens),
+                frame: TokenCursorFrame::new(
+                    DelimSpan::dummy(),
+                    token::NoDelim,
+                    tokens,
+                    /* skip_none_delims */ true,
+                ),
                 stack: Vec::new(),
                 num_next_calls: 0,
                 desugar_doc_comments,
                 append_unglued_token: None,
+                skip_none_delims: true,
             },
             desugar_doc_comments,
             unmatched_angle_bracket_count: 0,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse_format/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse_format/src/lib.rs
index a5fdf064e94..50db69f4209 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse_format/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse_format/src/lib.rs
@@ -213,11 +213,13 @@ impl<'a> Iterator for Parser<'a> {
                         Some(String(self.string(pos + 1)))
                     } else {
                         let arg = self.argument();
-                        if let Some(end) = self.must_consume('}') {
-                            let start = self.to_span_index(pos);
-                            let end = self.to_span_index(end + 1);
+                        if let Some(rbrace_byte_idx) = self.must_consume('}') {
+                            let lbrace_inner_offset = self.to_span_index(pos);
+                            let rbrace_inner_offset = self.to_span_index(rbrace_byte_idx);
                             if self.is_literal {
-                                self.arg_places.push(start.to(end));
+                                self.arg_places.push(
+                                    lbrace_inner_offset.to(InnerOffset(rbrace_inner_offset.0 + 1)),
+                                );
                             }
                         }
                         Some(NextArgument(arg))
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/check_attr.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/check_attr.rs
index 85add83f88b..d1a3971f569 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/check_attr.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/check_attr.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
 
 use rustc_ast::{Attribute, Lit, LitKind, NestedMetaItem};
-use rustc_errors::{pluralize, struct_span_err};
+use rustc_errors::{pluralize, struct_span_err, Applicability};
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::LocalDefId;
 use rustc_hir::intravisit::{self, NestedVisitorMap, Visitor};
@@ -648,10 +648,10 @@ impl CheckAttrVisitor<'tcx> {
                         | sym::masked
                         | sym::no_default_passes
                         | sym::no_inline
+                        | sym::notable_trait
                         | sym::passes
                         | sym::plugins
                         | sym::primitive
-                        | sym::spotlight
                         | sym::test => {}
 
                         _ => {
@@ -660,11 +660,23 @@ impl CheckAttrVisitor<'tcx> {
                                 hir_id,
                                 i_meta.span,
                                 |lint| {
-                                    let msg = format!(
+                                    let mut diag = lint.build(&format!(
                                         "unknown `doc` attribute `{}`",
                                         rustc_ast_pretty::pprust::path_to_string(&i_meta.path),
-                                    );
-                                    lint.build(&msg).emit();
+                                    ));
+                                    if i_meta.has_name(sym::spotlight) {
+                                        diag.note(
+                                            "`doc(spotlight)` was renamed to `doc(notable_trait)`",
+                                        );
+                                        diag.span_suggestion_short(
+                                            i_meta.span,
+                                            "use `notable_trait` instead",
+                                            String::from("notable_trait"),
+                                            Applicability::MachineApplicable,
+                                        );
+                                        diag.note("`doc(spotlight)` is now a no-op");
+                                    }
+                                    diag.emit();
                                 },
                             );
                             is_valid = false;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/entry.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/entry.rs
index 57848208f94..e53f821e6da 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/entry.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/entry.rs
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ fn configure_main(
 }
 
 fn no_main_err(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, visitor: &EntryContext<'_, '_>) {
-    let sp = tcx.hir().krate().item.span;
+    let sp = tcx.hir().krate().item.inner;
     if *tcx.sess.parse_sess.reached_eof.borrow() {
         // There's an unclosed brace that made the parser reach `Eof`, we shouldn't complain about
         // the missing `fn main()` then as it might have been hidden inside an unclosed block.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/lib.rs
index 7ad6bd2bb36..933e8ad1d72 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/lib.rs
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #![feature(const_panic)]
 #![feature(crate_visibility_modifier)]
 #![feature(in_band_lifetimes)]
+#![feature(iter_zip)]
 #![feature(nll)]
 #![cfg_attr(bootstrap, feature(or_patterns))]
 #![recursion_limit = "256"]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/liveness.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/liveness.rs
index 9aef49df7b4..f24309fa950 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/liveness.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/liveness.rs
@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ use rustc_span::Span;
 use std::collections::VecDeque;
 use std::io;
 use std::io::prelude::*;
+use std::iter;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 
 mod rwu_table;
@@ -1093,7 +1094,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Liveness<'a, 'tcx> {
                 let ia = &asm.inner;
                 let outputs = asm.outputs_exprs;
                 let inputs = asm.inputs_exprs;
-                let succ = ia.outputs.iter().zip(outputs).rev().fold(succ, |succ, (o, output)| {
+                let succ = iter::zip(&ia.outputs, outputs).rev().fold(succ, |succ, (o, output)| {
                     // see comment on places
                     // in propagate_through_place_components()
                     if o.is_indirect {
@@ -1344,7 +1345,7 @@ fn check_expr<'tcx>(this: &mut Liveness<'_, 'tcx>, expr: &'tcx Expr<'tcx>) {
             }
 
             // Output operands must be places
-            for (o, output) in asm.inner.outputs.iter().zip(asm.outputs_exprs) {
+            for (o, output) in iter::zip(&asm.inner.outputs, asm.outputs_exprs) {
                 if !o.is_indirect {
                     this.check_place(output);
                 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/liveness/rwu_table.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/liveness/rwu_table.rs
index a1a6f27398e..6d5983f53dc 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/liveness/rwu_table.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/liveness/rwu_table.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 use crate::liveness::{LiveNode, Variable};
+use std::iter;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy)]
 pub(super) struct RWU {
@@ -91,7 +92,7 @@ impl RWUTable {
 
         let mut changed = false;
         let (dst_row, src_row) = self.pick2_rows_mut(dst, src);
-        for (dst_word, src_word) in dst_row.iter_mut().zip(src_row.iter()) {
+        for (dst_word, src_word) in iter::zip(dst_row, &*src_row) {
             let old = *dst_word;
             let new = *dst_word | src_word;
             *dst_word = new;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/stability.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/stability.rs
index 8a6ac843534..9c4f9b1198c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/stability.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/stability.rs
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ use rustc_span::symbol::{sym, Symbol};
 use rustc_span::{Span, DUMMY_SP};
 
 use std::cmp::Ordering;
+use std::iter;
 use std::mem::replace;
 use std::num::NonZeroU32;
 
@@ -214,7 +215,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Annotator<'a, 'tcx> {
             {
                 // Explicit version of iter::order::lt to handle parse errors properly
                 for (dep_v, stab_v) in
-                    dep_since.as_str().split('.').zip(stab_since.as_str().split('.'))
+                    iter::zip(dep_since.as_str().split('.'), stab_since.as_str().split('.'))
                 {
                     match stab_v.parse::<u64>() {
                         Err(_) => {
@@ -685,7 +686,7 @@ fn new_index(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> Index<'tcx> {
 
         annotator.annotate(
             hir::CRATE_HIR_ID,
-            krate.item.span,
+            krate.item.inner,
             AnnotationKind::Required,
             InheritDeprecation::Yes,
             InheritConstStability::No,
@@ -884,7 +885,7 @@ pub fn check_unused_or_stable_features(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>) {
     if tcx.stability().staged_api[&LOCAL_CRATE] {
         let krate = tcx.hir().krate();
         let mut missing = MissingStabilityAnnotations { tcx, access_levels };
-        missing.check_missing_stability(hir::CRATE_HIR_ID, krate.item.span);
+        missing.check_missing_stability(hir::CRATE_HIR_ID, krate.item.inner);
         intravisit::walk_crate(&mut missing, krate);
         krate.visit_all_item_likes(&mut missing.as_deep_visitor());
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_query_impl/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_query_impl/src/lib.rs
index e9314797fbd..00d886000fa 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_query_impl/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_query_impl/src/lib.rs
@@ -19,8 +19,7 @@ extern crate tracing;
 use rustc_data_structures::fingerprint::Fingerprint;
 use rustc_data_structures::stable_hasher::{HashStable, StableHasher};
 use rustc_errors::{DiagnosticBuilder, Handler};
-use rustc_hir::def_id::CrateNum;
-use rustc_index::vec::IndexVec;
+use rustc_hir::def_id::LOCAL_CRATE;
 use rustc_middle::dep_graph;
 use rustc_middle::ich::StableHashingContext;
 use rustc_middle::ty::query::{query_keys, query_storage, query_stored, query_values};
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_query_impl/src/plumbing.rs b/compiler/rustc_query_impl/src/plumbing.rs
index 37a176de941..4194b28dc7d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_query_impl/src/plumbing.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_query_impl/src/plumbing.rs
@@ -390,13 +390,12 @@ macro_rules! define_queries {
 
             #[inline]
             fn compute(tcx: QueryCtxt<'tcx>, key: Self::Key) -> Self::Value {
-                let provider = tcx.queries.providers.get(key.query_crate())
-                    // HACK(eddyb) it's possible crates may be loaded after
-                    // the query engine is created, and because crate loading
-                    // is not yet integrated with the query engine, such crates
-                    // would be missing appropriate entries in `providers`.
-                    .unwrap_or(&tcx.queries.fallback_extern_providers)
-                    .$name;
+                let is_local = key.query_crate() == LOCAL_CRATE;
+                let provider = if is_local {
+                    tcx.queries.local_providers.$name
+                } else {
+                    tcx.queries.extern_providers.$name
+                };
                 provider(*tcx, key)
             }
 
@@ -478,10 +477,7 @@ macro_rules! define_queries {
                         return
                     }
 
-                    debug_assert!(tcx.dep_graph
-                                     .node_color(dep_node)
-                                     .map(|c| c.is_green())
-                                     .unwrap_or(false));
+                    debug_assert!(tcx.dep_graph.is_green(dep_node));
 
                     let key = recover(*tcx, dep_node).unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("Failed to recover key for {:?} with hash {}", dep_node, dep_node.hash));
                     if queries::$name::cache_on_disk(tcx, &key, None) {
@@ -507,8 +503,8 @@ macro_rules! define_queries_struct {
     (tcx: $tcx:tt,
      input: ($(([$($modifiers:tt)*] [$($attr:tt)*] [$name:ident]))*)) => {
         pub struct Queries<$tcx> {
-            providers: IndexVec<CrateNum, Providers>,
-            fallback_extern_providers: Box<Providers>,
+            local_providers: Box<Providers>,
+            extern_providers: Box<Providers>,
 
             $($(#[$attr])*  $name: QueryState<
                 crate::dep_graph::DepKind,
@@ -518,12 +514,12 @@ macro_rules! define_queries_struct {
 
         impl<$tcx> Queries<$tcx> {
             pub fn new(
-                providers: IndexVec<CrateNum, Providers>,
-                fallback_extern_providers: Providers,
+                local_providers: Providers,
+                extern_providers: Providers,
             ) -> Self {
                 Queries {
-                    providers,
-                    fallback_extern_providers: Box::new(fallback_extern_providers),
+                    local_providers: Box::new(local_providers),
+                    extern_providers: Box::new(extern_providers),
                     $($name: Default::default()),*
                 }
             }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/cache.rs b/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/cache.rs
index c6dc7b4fe28..d592812f79b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/cache.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/cache.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 use crate::dep_graph::{DepContext, DepNodeIndex};
 
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashMap;
-use rustc_data_structures::sync::HashMapExt;
 use rustc_data_structures::sync::Lock;
 
 use std::hash::Hash;
@@ -34,13 +33,6 @@ impl<Key: Eq + Hash, Value: Clone> Cache<Key, Value> {
     pub fn insert(&self, key: Key, dep_node: DepNodeIndex, value: Value) {
         self.hashmap.borrow_mut().insert(key, WithDepNode::new(dep_node, value));
     }
-
-    pub fn insert_same(&self, key: Key, dep_node: DepNodeIndex, value: Value)
-    where
-        Value: Eq,
-    {
-        self.hashmap.borrow_mut().insert_same(key, WithDepNode::new(dep_node, value));
-    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/debug.rs b/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/debug.rs
index 718a2f1039a..a544ac2c343 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/debug.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/debug.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 //! Code for debugging the dep-graph.
 
-use super::{DepKind, DepNode};
+use super::{DepKind, DepNode, DepNodeIndex};
+use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashMap;
+use rustc_data_structures::sync::Lock;
 use std::error::Error;
 
 /// A dep-node filter goes from a user-defined string to a query over
@@ -34,13 +36,14 @@ impl DepNodeFilter {
 
 /// A filter like `F -> G` where `F` and `G` are valid dep-node
 /// filters. This can be used to test the source/target independently.
-pub struct EdgeFilter {
+pub struct EdgeFilter<K: DepKind> {
     pub source: DepNodeFilter,
     pub target: DepNodeFilter,
+    pub index_to_node: Lock<FxHashMap<DepNodeIndex, DepNode<K>>>,
 }
 
-impl EdgeFilter {
-    pub fn new(test: &str) -> Result<EdgeFilter, Box<dyn Error>> {
+impl<K: DepKind> EdgeFilter<K> {
+    pub fn new(test: &str) -> Result<EdgeFilter<K>, Box<dyn Error>> {
         let parts: Vec<_> = test.split("->").collect();
         if parts.len() != 2 {
             Err(format!("expected a filter like `a&b -> c&d`, not `{}`", test).into())
@@ -48,11 +51,13 @@ impl EdgeFilter {
             Ok(EdgeFilter {
                 source: DepNodeFilter::new(parts[0]),
                 target: DepNodeFilter::new(parts[1]),
+                index_to_node: Lock::new(FxHashMap::default()),
             })
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn test<K: DepKind>(&self, source: &DepNode<K>, target: &DepNode<K>) -> bool {
+    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+    pub fn test(&self, source: &DepNode<K>, target: &DepNode<K>) -> bool {
         self.source.test(source) && self.target.test(target)
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/graph.rs b/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/graph.rs
index 0f25572170f..7a0fc320663 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/graph.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/graph.rs
@@ -1,31 +1,33 @@
 use rustc_data_structures::fingerprint::Fingerprint;
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
 use rustc_data_structures::profiling::QueryInvocationId;
+use rustc_data_structures::profiling::SelfProfilerRef;
 use rustc_data_structures::sharded::{self, Sharded};
 use rustc_data_structures::stable_hasher::{HashStable, StableHasher};
-use rustc_data_structures::sync::{AtomicU32, AtomicU64, Lock, LockGuard, Lrc, Ordering};
+use rustc_data_structures::steal::Steal;
+use rustc_data_structures::sync::{AtomicU32, AtomicU64, Lock, Lrc, Ordering};
 use rustc_data_structures::unlikely;
 use rustc_errors::Diagnostic;
-use rustc_index::vec::{Idx, IndexVec};
-use rustc_serialize::{Encodable, Encoder};
+use rustc_index::vec::IndexVec;
+use rustc_serialize::opaque::{FileEncodeResult, FileEncoder};
 
 use parking_lot::{Condvar, Mutex};
 use smallvec::{smallvec, SmallVec};
 use std::collections::hash_map::Entry;
-use std::env;
 use std::hash::Hash;
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::mem;
-use std::ops::Range;
 use std::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed;
 
-use super::debug::EdgeFilter;
 use super::prev::PreviousDepGraph;
 use super::query::DepGraphQuery;
-use super::serialized::SerializedDepNodeIndex;
+use super::serialized::{GraphEncoder, SerializedDepNodeIndex};
 use super::{DepContext, DepKind, DepNode, HasDepContext, WorkProductId};
 use crate::query::QueryContext;
 
+#[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+use {super::debug::EdgeFilter, std::env};
+
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct DepGraph<K: DepKind> {
     data: Option<Lrc<DepGraphData<K>>>,
@@ -109,6 +111,9 @@ impl<K: DepKind> DepGraph<K> {
     pub fn new(
         prev_graph: PreviousDepGraph<K>,
         prev_work_products: FxHashMap<WorkProductId, WorkProduct>,
+        encoder: FileEncoder,
+        record_graph: bool,
+        record_stats: bool,
     ) -> DepGraph<K> {
         let prev_graph_node_count = prev_graph.node_count();
 
@@ -116,7 +121,12 @@ impl<K: DepKind> DepGraph<K> {
             data: Some(Lrc::new(DepGraphData {
                 previous_work_products: prev_work_products,
                 dep_node_debug: Default::default(),
-                current: CurrentDepGraph::new(prev_graph_node_count),
+                current: CurrentDepGraph::new(
+                    prev_graph_node_count,
+                    encoder,
+                    record_graph,
+                    record_stats,
+                ),
                 emitting_diagnostics: Default::default(),
                 emitting_diagnostics_cond_var: Condvar::new(),
                 previous: prev_graph,
@@ -136,62 +146,10 @@ impl<K: DepKind> DepGraph<K> {
         self.data.is_some()
     }
 
-    pub fn query(&self) -> DepGraphQuery<K> {
-        let data = self.data.as_ref().unwrap();
-        let previous = &data.previous;
-
-        // Note locking order: `prev_index_to_index`, then `data`.
-        let prev_index_to_index = data.current.prev_index_to_index.lock();
-        let data = data.current.data.lock();
-        let node_count = data.hybrid_indices.len();
-        let edge_count = self.edge_count(&data);
-
-        let mut nodes = Vec::with_capacity(node_count);
-        let mut edge_list_indices = Vec::with_capacity(node_count);
-        let mut edge_list_data = Vec::with_capacity(edge_count);
-
-        // See `DepGraph`'s `Encodable` implementation for notes on the approach used here.
-
-        edge_list_data.extend(data.unshared_edges.iter().map(|i| i.index()));
-
-        for &hybrid_index in data.hybrid_indices.iter() {
-            match hybrid_index.into() {
-                HybridIndex::New(new_index) => {
-                    nodes.push(data.new.nodes[new_index]);
-                    let edges = &data.new.edges[new_index];
-                    edge_list_indices.push((edges.start.index(), edges.end.index()));
-                }
-                HybridIndex::Red(red_index) => {
-                    nodes.push(previous.index_to_node(data.red.node_indices[red_index]));
-                    let edges = &data.red.edges[red_index];
-                    edge_list_indices.push((edges.start.index(), edges.end.index()));
-                }
-                HybridIndex::LightGreen(lg_index) => {
-                    nodes.push(previous.index_to_node(data.light_green.node_indices[lg_index]));
-                    let edges = &data.light_green.edges[lg_index];
-                    edge_list_indices.push((edges.start.index(), edges.end.index()));
-                }
-                HybridIndex::DarkGreen(prev_index) => {
-                    nodes.push(previous.index_to_node(prev_index));
-
-                    let edges_iter = previous
-                        .edge_targets_from(prev_index)
-                        .iter()
-                        .map(|&dst| prev_index_to_index[dst].unwrap().index());
-
-                    let start = edge_list_data.len();
-                    edge_list_data.extend(edges_iter);
-                    let end = edge_list_data.len();
-                    edge_list_indices.push((start, end));
-                }
-            }
+    pub fn with_query(&self, f: impl Fn(&DepGraphQuery<K>)) {
+        if let Some(data) = &self.data {
+            data.current.encoder.borrow().with_query(f)
         }
-
-        debug_assert_eq!(nodes.len(), node_count);
-        debug_assert_eq!(edge_list_indices.len(), node_count);
-        debug_assert_eq!(edge_list_data.len(), edge_count);
-
-        DepGraphQuery::new(&nodes[..], &edge_list_indices[..], &edge_list_data[..])
     }
 
     pub fn assert_ignored(&self) {
@@ -283,56 +241,16 @@ impl<K: DepKind> DepGraph<K> {
             let print_status = cfg!(debug_assertions) && dcx.sess().opts.debugging_opts.dep_tasks;
 
             // Intern the new `DepNode`.
-            let dep_node_index = if let Some(prev_index) = data.previous.node_to_index_opt(&key) {
-                // Determine the color and index of the new `DepNode`.
-                let (color, dep_node_index) = if let Some(current_fingerprint) = current_fingerprint
-                {
-                    if current_fingerprint == data.previous.fingerprint_by_index(prev_index) {
-                        if print_status {
-                            eprintln!("[task::green] {:?}", key);
-                        }
-
-                        // This is a light green node: it existed in the previous compilation,
-                        // its query was re-executed, and it has the same result as before.
-                        let dep_node_index =
-                            data.current.intern_light_green_node(&data.previous, prev_index, edges);
-
-                        (DepNodeColor::Green(dep_node_index), dep_node_index)
-                    } else {
-                        if print_status {
-                            eprintln!("[task::red] {:?}", key);
-                        }
-
-                        // This is a red node: it existed in the previous compilation, its query
-                        // was re-executed, but it has a different result from before.
-                        let dep_node_index = data.current.intern_red_node(
-                            &data.previous,
-                            prev_index,
-                            edges,
-                            current_fingerprint,
-                        );
-
-                        (DepNodeColor::Red, dep_node_index)
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    if print_status {
-                        eprintln!("[task::unknown] {:?}", key);
-                    }
-
-                    // This is a red node, effectively: it existed in the previous compilation
-                    // session, its query was re-executed, but it doesn't compute a result hash
-                    // (i.e. it represents a `no_hash` query), so we have no way of determining
-                    // whether or not the result was the same as before.
-                    let dep_node_index = data.current.intern_red_node(
-                        &data.previous,
-                        prev_index,
-                        edges,
-                        Fingerprint::ZERO,
-                    );
-
-                    (DepNodeColor::Red, dep_node_index)
-                };
+            let (dep_node_index, prev_and_color) = data.current.intern_node(
+                dcx.profiler(),
+                &data.previous,
+                key,
+                edges,
+                current_fingerprint,
+                print_status,
+            );
 
+            if let Some((prev_index, color)) = prev_and_color {
                 debug_assert!(
                     data.colors.get(prev_index).is_none(),
                     "DepGraph::with_task() - Duplicate DepNodeColor \
@@ -341,20 +259,7 @@ impl<K: DepKind> DepGraph<K> {
                 );
 
                 data.colors.insert(prev_index, color);
-                dep_node_index
-            } else {
-                if print_status {
-                    eprintln!("[task::new] {:?}", key);
-                }
-
-                // This is a new node: it didn't exist in the previous compilation session.
-                data.current.intern_new_node(
-                    &data.previous,
-                    key,
-                    edges,
-                    current_fingerprint.unwrap_or(Fingerprint::ZERO),
-                )
-            };
+            }
 
             (result, dep_node_index)
         } else {
@@ -368,7 +273,12 @@ impl<K: DepKind> DepGraph<K> {
 
     /// Executes something within an "anonymous" task, that is, a task the
     /// `DepNode` of which is determined by the list of inputs it read from.
-    pub fn with_anon_task<OP, R>(&self, dep_kind: K, op: OP) -> (R, DepNodeIndex)
+    pub fn with_anon_task<Ctxt: DepContext<DepKind = K>, OP, R>(
+        &self,
+        cx: Ctxt,
+        dep_kind: K,
+        op: OP,
+    ) -> (R, DepNodeIndex)
     where
         OP: FnOnce() -> R,
     {
@@ -396,7 +306,7 @@ impl<K: DepKind> DepGraph<K> {
             };
 
             let dep_node_index = data.current.intern_new_node(
-                &data.previous,
+                cx.profiler(),
                 target_dep_node,
                 task_deps.reads,
                 Fingerprint::ZERO,
@@ -451,7 +361,7 @@ impl<K: DepKind> DepGraph<K> {
                         {
                             if let Some(target) = task_deps.node {
                                 if let Some(ref forbidden_edge) = data.current.forbidden_edge {
-                                    let src = self.dep_node_of(dep_node_index);
+                                    let src = forbidden_edge.index_to_node.lock()[&dep_node_index];
                                     if forbidden_edge.test(&src, &target) {
                                         panic!("forbidden edge {:?} -> {:?} created", src, target)
                                     }
@@ -488,38 +398,6 @@ impl<K: DepKind> DepGraph<K> {
         self.data.is_some() && self.dep_node_index_of_opt(dep_node).is_some()
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn dep_node_of(&self, dep_node_index: DepNodeIndex) -> DepNode<K> {
-        let data = self.data.as_ref().unwrap();
-        let previous = &data.previous;
-        let data = data.current.data.lock();
-
-        match data.hybrid_indices[dep_node_index].into() {
-            HybridIndex::New(new_index) => data.new.nodes[new_index],
-            HybridIndex::Red(red_index) => previous.index_to_node(data.red.node_indices[red_index]),
-            HybridIndex::LightGreen(light_green_index) => {
-                previous.index_to_node(data.light_green.node_indices[light_green_index])
-            }
-            HybridIndex::DarkGreen(prev_index) => previous.index_to_node(prev_index),
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn fingerprint_of(&self, dep_node_index: DepNodeIndex) -> Fingerprint {
-        let data = self.data.as_ref().unwrap();
-        let previous = &data.previous;
-        let data = data.current.data.lock();
-
-        match data.hybrid_indices[dep_node_index].into() {
-            HybridIndex::New(new_index) => data.new.fingerprints[new_index],
-            HybridIndex::Red(red_index) => data.red.fingerprints[red_index],
-            HybridIndex::LightGreen(light_green_index) => {
-                previous.fingerprint_by_index(data.light_green.node_indices[light_green_index])
-            }
-            HybridIndex::DarkGreen(prev_index) => previous.fingerprint_by_index(prev_index),
-        }
-    }
-
     pub fn prev_fingerprint_of(&self, dep_node: &DepNode<K>) -> Option<Fingerprint> {
         self.data.as_ref().unwrap().previous.fingerprint_of(dep_node)
     }
@@ -554,29 +432,13 @@ impl<K: DepKind> DepGraph<K> {
         self.data.as_ref()?.dep_node_debug.borrow().get(&dep_node).cloned()
     }
 
-    fn edge_count(&self, node_data: &LockGuard<'_, DepNodeData<K>>) -> usize {
-        let data = self.data.as_ref().unwrap();
-        let previous = &data.previous;
-
-        let mut edge_count = node_data.unshared_edges.len();
-
-        for &hybrid_index in node_data.hybrid_indices.iter() {
-            if let HybridIndex::DarkGreen(prev_index) = hybrid_index.into() {
-                edge_count += previous.edge_targets_from(prev_index).len()
-            }
-        }
-
-        edge_count
-    }
-
-    pub fn node_color(&self, dep_node: &DepNode<K>) -> Option<DepNodeColor> {
+    fn node_color(&self, dep_node: &DepNode<K>) -> Option<DepNodeColor> {
         if let Some(ref data) = self.data {
             if let Some(prev_index) = data.previous.node_to_index_opt(dep_node) {
                 return data.colors.get(prev_index);
             } else {
-                // This is a node that did not exist in the previous compilation
-                // session, so we consider it to be red.
-                return Some(DepNodeColor::Red);
+                // This is a node that did not exist in the previous compilation session.
+                return None;
             }
         }
 
@@ -775,11 +637,13 @@ impl<K: DepKind> DepGraph<K> {
 
         // There may be multiple threads trying to mark the same dep node green concurrently
 
-        let dep_node_index = {
-            // We allocating an entry for the node in the current dependency graph and
-            // adding all the appropriate edges imported from the previous graph
-            data.current.intern_dark_green_node(&data.previous, prev_dep_node_index)
-        };
+        // We allocating an entry for the node in the current dependency graph and
+        // adding all the appropriate edges imported from the previous graph
+        let dep_node_index = data.current.promote_node_and_deps_to_current(
+            tcx.dep_context().profiler(),
+            &data.previous,
+            prev_dep_node_index,
+        );
 
         // ... emitting any stored diagnostic ...
 
@@ -862,6 +726,12 @@ impl<K: DepKind> DepGraph<K> {
         }
     }
 
+    // Returns true if the given node has been marked as red during the
+    // current compilation session. Used in various assertions
+    pub fn is_red(&self, dep_node: &DepNode<K>) -> bool {
+        self.node_color(dep_node) == Some(DepNodeColor::Red)
+    }
+
     // Returns true if the given node has been marked as green during the
     // current compilation session. Used in various assertions
     pub fn is_green(&self, dep_node: &DepNode<K>) -> bool {
@@ -911,106 +781,20 @@ impl<K: DepKind> DepGraph<K> {
     }
 
     pub fn print_incremental_info(&self) {
-        #[derive(Clone)]
-        struct Stat<Kind: DepKind> {
-            kind: Kind,
-            node_counter: u64,
-            edge_counter: u64,
+        if let Some(data) = &self.data {
+            data.current.encoder.borrow().print_incremental_info(
+                data.current.total_read_count.load(Relaxed),
+                data.current.total_duplicate_read_count.load(Relaxed),
+            )
         }
+    }
 
-        let data = self.data.as_ref().unwrap();
-        let prev = &data.previous;
-        let current = &data.current;
-        let data = current.data.lock();
-
-        let mut stats: FxHashMap<_, Stat<K>> = FxHashMap::with_hasher(Default::default());
-
-        for &hybrid_index in data.hybrid_indices.iter() {
-            let (kind, edge_count) = match hybrid_index.into() {
-                HybridIndex::New(new_index) => {
-                    let kind = data.new.nodes[new_index].kind;
-                    let edge_range = &data.new.edges[new_index];
-                    (kind, edge_range.end.as_usize() - edge_range.start.as_usize())
-                }
-                HybridIndex::Red(red_index) => {
-                    let kind = prev.index_to_node(data.red.node_indices[red_index]).kind;
-                    let edge_range = &data.red.edges[red_index];
-                    (kind, edge_range.end.as_usize() - edge_range.start.as_usize())
-                }
-                HybridIndex::LightGreen(lg_index) => {
-                    let kind = prev.index_to_node(data.light_green.node_indices[lg_index]).kind;
-                    let edge_range = &data.light_green.edges[lg_index];
-                    (kind, edge_range.end.as_usize() - edge_range.start.as_usize())
-                }
-                HybridIndex::DarkGreen(prev_index) => {
-                    let kind = prev.index_to_node(prev_index).kind;
-                    let edge_count = prev.edge_targets_from(prev_index).len();
-                    (kind, edge_count)
-                }
-            };
-
-            let stat = stats.entry(kind).or_insert(Stat { kind, node_counter: 0, edge_counter: 0 });
-            stat.node_counter += 1;
-            stat.edge_counter += edge_count as u64;
-        }
-
-        let total_node_count = data.hybrid_indices.len();
-        let total_edge_count = self.edge_count(&data);
-
-        // Drop the lock guard.
-        std::mem::drop(data);
-
-        let mut stats: Vec<_> = stats.values().cloned().collect();
-        stats.sort_by_key(|s| -(s.node_counter as i64));
-
-        const SEPARATOR: &str = "[incremental] --------------------------------\
-                                 ----------------------------------------------\
-                                 ------------";
-
-        eprintln!("[incremental]");
-        eprintln!("[incremental] DepGraph Statistics");
-        eprintln!("{}", SEPARATOR);
-        eprintln!("[incremental]");
-        eprintln!("[incremental] Total Node Count: {}", total_node_count);
-        eprintln!("[incremental] Total Edge Count: {}", total_edge_count);
-
-        if cfg!(debug_assertions) {
-            let total_edge_reads = current.total_read_count.load(Relaxed);
-            let total_duplicate_edge_reads = current.total_duplicate_read_count.load(Relaxed);
-
-            eprintln!("[incremental] Total Edge Reads: {}", total_edge_reads);
-            eprintln!("[incremental] Total Duplicate Edge Reads: {}", total_duplicate_edge_reads);
-        }
-
-        eprintln!("[incremental]");
-
-        eprintln!(
-            "[incremental]  {:<36}| {:<17}| {:<12}| {:<17}|",
-            "Node Kind", "Node Frequency", "Node Count", "Avg. Edge Count"
-        );
-
-        eprintln!(
-            "[incremental] -------------------------------------\
-                  |------------------\
-                  |-------------\
-                  |------------------|"
-        );
-
-        for stat in stats {
-            let node_kind_ratio = (100.0 * (stat.node_counter as f64)) / (total_node_count as f64);
-            let node_kind_avg_edges = (stat.edge_counter as f64) / (stat.node_counter as f64);
-
-            eprintln!(
-                "[incremental]  {:<36}|{:>16.1}% |{:>12} |{:>17.1} |",
-                format!("{:?}", stat.kind),
-                node_kind_ratio,
-                stat.node_counter,
-                node_kind_avg_edges,
-            );
+    pub fn encode(&self, profiler: &SelfProfilerRef) -> FileEncodeResult {
+        if let Some(data) = &self.data {
+            data.current.encoder.steal().finish(profiler)
+        } else {
+            Ok(())
         }
-
-        eprintln!("{}", SEPARATOR);
-        eprintln!("[incremental]");
     }
 
     fn next_virtual_depnode_index(&self) -> DepNodeIndex {
@@ -1019,142 +803,6 @@ impl<K: DepKind> DepGraph<K> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<E: Encoder, K: DepKind + Encodable<E>> Encodable<E> for DepGraph<K> {
-    fn encode(&self, e: &mut E) -> Result<(), E::Error> {
-        // We used to serialize the dep graph by creating and serializing a `SerializedDepGraph`
-        // using data copied from the `DepGraph`. But copying created a large memory spike, so we
-        // now serialize directly from the `DepGraph` as if it's a `SerializedDepGraph`. Because we
-        // deserialize that data into a `SerializedDepGraph` in the next compilation session, we
-        // need `DepGraph`'s `Encodable` and `SerializedDepGraph`'s `Decodable` implementations to
-        // be in sync. If you update this encoding, be sure to update the decoding, and vice-versa.
-
-        let data = self.data.as_ref().unwrap();
-        let prev = &data.previous;
-
-        // Note locking order: `prev_index_to_index`, then `data`.
-        let prev_index_to_index = data.current.prev_index_to_index.lock();
-        let data = data.current.data.lock();
-        let new = &data.new;
-        let red = &data.red;
-        let lg = &data.light_green;
-
-        let node_count = data.hybrid_indices.len();
-        let edge_count = self.edge_count(&data);
-
-        // `rustc_middle::ty::query::OnDiskCache` expects nodes to be encoded in `DepNodeIndex`
-        // order. The edges in `edge_list_data` don't need to be in a particular order, as long as
-        // each node references its edges as a contiguous range within it. Therefore, we can encode
-        // `edge_list_data` directly from `unshared_edges`. It meets the above requirements, as
-        // each non-dark-green node already knows the range of edges to reference within it, which
-        // they'll encode in `edge_list_indices`. Dark green nodes, however, don't have their edges
-        // in `unshared_edges`, so need to add them to `edge_list_data`.
-
-        use HybridIndex::*;
-
-        // Encoded values (nodes, etc.) are explicitly typed below to avoid inadvertently
-        // serializing data in the wrong format (i.e. one incompatible with `SerializedDepGraph`).
-        e.emit_struct("SerializedDepGraph", 4, |e| {
-            e.emit_struct_field("nodes", 0, |e| {
-                // `SerializedDepGraph` expects this to be encoded as a sequence of `DepNode`s.
-                e.emit_seq(node_count, |e| {
-                    for (seq_index, &hybrid_index) in data.hybrid_indices.iter().enumerate() {
-                        let node: DepNode<K> = match hybrid_index.into() {
-                            New(i) => new.nodes[i],
-                            Red(i) => prev.index_to_node(red.node_indices[i]),
-                            LightGreen(i) => prev.index_to_node(lg.node_indices[i]),
-                            DarkGreen(prev_index) => prev.index_to_node(prev_index),
-                        };
-
-                        e.emit_seq_elt(seq_index, |e| node.encode(e))?;
-                    }
-
-                    Ok(())
-                })
-            })?;
-
-            e.emit_struct_field("fingerprints", 1, |e| {
-                // `SerializedDepGraph` expects this to be encoded as a sequence of `Fingerprints`s.
-                e.emit_seq(node_count, |e| {
-                    for (seq_index, &hybrid_index) in data.hybrid_indices.iter().enumerate() {
-                        let fingerprint: Fingerprint = match hybrid_index.into() {
-                            New(i) => new.fingerprints[i],
-                            Red(i) => red.fingerprints[i],
-                            LightGreen(i) => prev.fingerprint_by_index(lg.node_indices[i]),
-                            DarkGreen(prev_index) => prev.fingerprint_by_index(prev_index),
-                        };
-
-                        e.emit_seq_elt(seq_index, |e| fingerprint.encode(e))?;
-                    }
-
-                    Ok(())
-                })
-            })?;
-
-            e.emit_struct_field("edge_list_indices", 2, |e| {
-                // `SerializedDepGraph` expects this to be encoded as a sequence of `(u32, u32)`s.
-                e.emit_seq(node_count, |e| {
-                    // Dark green node edges start after the unshared (all other nodes') edges.
-                    let mut dark_green_edge_index = data.unshared_edges.len();
-
-                    for (seq_index, &hybrid_index) in data.hybrid_indices.iter().enumerate() {
-                        let edge_indices: (u32, u32) = match hybrid_index.into() {
-                            New(i) => (new.edges[i].start.as_u32(), new.edges[i].end.as_u32()),
-                            Red(i) => (red.edges[i].start.as_u32(), red.edges[i].end.as_u32()),
-                            LightGreen(i) => (lg.edges[i].start.as_u32(), lg.edges[i].end.as_u32()),
-                            DarkGreen(prev_index) => {
-                                let edge_count = prev.edge_targets_from(prev_index).len();
-                                let start = dark_green_edge_index as u32;
-                                dark_green_edge_index += edge_count;
-                                let end = dark_green_edge_index as u32;
-                                (start, end)
-                            }
-                        };
-
-                        e.emit_seq_elt(seq_index, |e| edge_indices.encode(e))?;
-                    }
-
-                    assert_eq!(dark_green_edge_index, edge_count);
-
-                    Ok(())
-                })
-            })?;
-
-            e.emit_struct_field("edge_list_data", 3, |e| {
-                // `SerializedDepGraph` expects this to be encoded as a sequence of
-                // `SerializedDepNodeIndex`.
-                e.emit_seq(edge_count, |e| {
-                    for (seq_index, &edge) in data.unshared_edges.iter().enumerate() {
-                        let serialized_edge = SerializedDepNodeIndex::new(edge.index());
-                        e.emit_seq_elt(seq_index, |e| serialized_edge.encode(e))?;
-                    }
-
-                    let mut seq_index = data.unshared_edges.len();
-
-                    for &hybrid_index in data.hybrid_indices.iter() {
-                        if let DarkGreen(prev_index) = hybrid_index.into() {
-                            for &edge in prev.edge_targets_from(prev_index) {
-                                // Dark green node edges are stored in the previous graph
-                                // and must be converted to edges in the current graph,
-                                // and then serialized as `SerializedDepNodeIndex`.
-                                let serialized_edge = SerializedDepNodeIndex::new(
-                                    prev_index_to_index[edge].as_ref().unwrap().index(),
-                                );
-
-                                e.emit_seq_elt(seq_index, |e| serialized_edge.encode(e))?;
-                                seq_index += 1;
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-
-                    assert_eq!(seq_index, edge_count);
-
-                    Ok(())
-                })
-            })
-        })
-    }
-}
-
 /// A "work product" is an intermediate result that we save into the
 /// incremental directory for later re-use. The primary example are
 /// the object files that we save for each partition at code
@@ -1193,216 +841,20 @@ pub struct WorkProduct {
     pub saved_file: Option<String>,
 }
 
-// The maximum value of the follow index types leaves the upper two bits unused
-// so that we can store multiple index types in `CompressedHybridIndex`, and use
-// those bits to encode which index type it contains.
-
-// Index type for `NewDepNodeData`.
-rustc_index::newtype_index! {
-    struct NewDepNodeIndex {
-        MAX = 0x7FFF_FFFF
-    }
-}
-
-// Index type for `RedDepNodeData`.
-rustc_index::newtype_index! {
-    struct RedDepNodeIndex {
-        MAX = 0x7FFF_FFFF
-    }
-}
-
-// Index type for `LightGreenDepNodeData`.
-rustc_index::newtype_index! {
-    struct LightGreenDepNodeIndex {
-        MAX = 0x7FFF_FFFF
-    }
-}
-
-/// Compressed representation of `HybridIndex` enum. Bits unused by the
-/// contained index types are used to encode which index type it contains.
-#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
-struct CompressedHybridIndex(u32);
-
-impl CompressedHybridIndex {
-    const NEW_TAG: u32 = 0b0000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000;
-    const RED_TAG: u32 = 0b0100_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000;
-    const LIGHT_GREEN_TAG: u32 = 0b1000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000;
-    const DARK_GREEN_TAG: u32 = 0b1100_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000;
-
-    const TAG_MASK: u32 = 0b1100_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000;
-    const INDEX_MASK: u32 = !Self::TAG_MASK;
-}
-
-impl From<NewDepNodeIndex> for CompressedHybridIndex {
-    #[inline]
-    fn from(index: NewDepNodeIndex) -> Self {
-        CompressedHybridIndex(Self::NEW_TAG | index.as_u32())
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<RedDepNodeIndex> for CompressedHybridIndex {
-    #[inline]
-    fn from(index: RedDepNodeIndex) -> Self {
-        CompressedHybridIndex(Self::RED_TAG | index.as_u32())
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<LightGreenDepNodeIndex> for CompressedHybridIndex {
-    #[inline]
-    fn from(index: LightGreenDepNodeIndex) -> Self {
-        CompressedHybridIndex(Self::LIGHT_GREEN_TAG | index.as_u32())
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<SerializedDepNodeIndex> for CompressedHybridIndex {
-    #[inline]
-    fn from(index: SerializedDepNodeIndex) -> Self {
-        CompressedHybridIndex(Self::DARK_GREEN_TAG | index.as_u32())
-    }
-}
-
-/// Contains an index into one of several node data collections. Elsewhere, we
-/// store `CompressedHyridIndex` instead of this to save space, but convert to
-/// this type during processing to take advantage of the enum match ergonomics.
-enum HybridIndex {
-    New(NewDepNodeIndex),
-    Red(RedDepNodeIndex),
-    LightGreen(LightGreenDepNodeIndex),
-    DarkGreen(SerializedDepNodeIndex),
-}
-
-impl From<CompressedHybridIndex> for HybridIndex {
-    #[inline]
-    fn from(hybrid_index: CompressedHybridIndex) -> Self {
-        let index = hybrid_index.0 & CompressedHybridIndex::INDEX_MASK;
-
-        match hybrid_index.0 & CompressedHybridIndex::TAG_MASK {
-            CompressedHybridIndex::NEW_TAG => HybridIndex::New(NewDepNodeIndex::from_u32(index)),
-            CompressedHybridIndex::RED_TAG => HybridIndex::Red(RedDepNodeIndex::from_u32(index)),
-            CompressedHybridIndex::LIGHT_GREEN_TAG => {
-                HybridIndex::LightGreen(LightGreenDepNodeIndex::from_u32(index))
-            }
-            CompressedHybridIndex::DARK_GREEN_TAG => {
-                HybridIndex::DarkGreen(SerializedDepNodeIndex::from_u32(index))
-            }
-            _ => unreachable!(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 // Index type for `DepNodeData`'s edges.
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
     struct EdgeIndex { .. }
 }
 
-/// Data for nodes in the current graph, divided into different collections
-/// based on their presence in the previous graph, and if present, their color.
-/// We divide nodes this way because different types of nodes are able to share
-/// more or less data with the previous graph.
-///
-/// To enable more sharing, we distinguish between two kinds of green nodes.
-/// Light green nodes are nodes in the previous graph that have been marked
-/// green because we re-executed their queries and the results were the same as
-/// in the previous session. Dark green nodes are nodes in the previous graph
-/// that have been marked green because we were able to mark all of their
-/// dependencies green.
-///
-/// Both light and dark green nodes can share the dep node and fingerprint with
-/// the previous graph, but for light green nodes, we can't be sure that the
-/// edges may be shared without comparing them against the previous edges, so we
-/// store them directly (an approach in which we compare edges with the previous
-/// edges to see if they can be shared was evaluated, but was not found to be
-/// very profitable).
-///
-/// For dark green nodes, we can share everything with the previous graph, which
-/// is why the `HybridIndex::DarkGreen` enum variant contains the index of the
-/// node in the previous graph, and why we don't have a separate collection for
-/// dark green node data--the collection is the `PreviousDepGraph` itself.
-///
-/// (Note that for dark green nodes, the edges in the previous graph
-/// (`SerializedDepNodeIndex`s) must be converted to edges in the current graph
-/// (`DepNodeIndex`s). `CurrentDepGraph` contains `prev_index_to_index`, which
-/// can perform this conversion. It should always be possible, as by definition,
-/// a dark green node is one whose dependencies from the previous session have
-/// all been marked green--which means `prev_index_to_index` contains them.)
-///
-/// Node data is stored in parallel vectors to eliminate the padding between
-/// elements that would be needed to satisfy alignment requirements of the
-/// structure that would contain all of a node's data. We could group tightly
-/// packing subsets of node data together and use fewer vectors, but for
-/// consistency's sake, we use separate vectors for each piece of data.
-struct DepNodeData<K> {
-    /// Data for nodes not in previous graph.
-    new: NewDepNodeData<K>,
-
-    /// Data for nodes in previous graph that have been marked red.
-    red: RedDepNodeData,
-
-    /// Data for nodes in previous graph that have been marked light green.
-    light_green: LightGreenDepNodeData,
-
-    // Edges for all nodes other than dark-green ones. Edges for each node
-    // occupy a contiguous region of this collection, which a node can reference
-    // using two indices. Storing edges this way rather than using an `EdgesVec`
-    // for each node reduces memory consumption by a not insignificant amount
-    // when compiling large crates. The downside is that we have to copy into
-    // this collection the edges from the `EdgesVec`s that are built up during
-    // query execution. But this is mostly balanced out by the more efficient
-    // implementation of `DepGraph::serialize` enabled by this representation.
-    unshared_edges: IndexVec<EdgeIndex, DepNodeIndex>,
-
-    /// Mapping from `DepNodeIndex` to an index into a collection above.
-    /// Indicates which of the above collections contains a node's data.
-    ///
-    /// This collection is wasteful in time and space during incr-full builds,
-    /// because for those, all nodes are new. However, the waste is relatively
-    /// small, and the maintenance cost of avoiding using this for incr-full
-    /// builds is somewhat high and prone to bugginess. It does not seem worth
-    /// it at the time of this writing, but we may want to revisit the idea.
-    hybrid_indices: IndexVec<DepNodeIndex, CompressedHybridIndex>,
-}
-
-/// Data for nodes not in previous graph. Since we cannot share any data with
-/// the previous graph, so we must store all of such a node's data here.
-struct NewDepNodeData<K> {
-    nodes: IndexVec<NewDepNodeIndex, DepNode<K>>,
-    edges: IndexVec<NewDepNodeIndex, Range<EdgeIndex>>,
-    fingerprints: IndexVec<NewDepNodeIndex, Fingerprint>,
-}
-
-/// Data for nodes in previous graph that have been marked red. We can share the
-/// dep node with the previous graph, but the edges may be different, and the
-/// fingerprint is known to be different, so we store the latter two directly.
-struct RedDepNodeData {
-    node_indices: IndexVec<RedDepNodeIndex, SerializedDepNodeIndex>,
-    edges: IndexVec<RedDepNodeIndex, Range<EdgeIndex>>,
-    fingerprints: IndexVec<RedDepNodeIndex, Fingerprint>,
-}
-
-/// Data for nodes in previous graph that have been marked green because we
-/// re-executed their queries and the results were the same as in the previous
-/// session. We can share the dep node and the fingerprint with the previous
-/// graph, but the edges may be different, so we store them directly.
-struct LightGreenDepNodeData {
-    node_indices: IndexVec<LightGreenDepNodeIndex, SerializedDepNodeIndex>,
-    edges: IndexVec<LightGreenDepNodeIndex, Range<EdgeIndex>>,
-}
-
 /// `CurrentDepGraph` stores the dependency graph for the current session. It
 /// will be populated as we run queries or tasks. We never remove nodes from the
 /// graph: they are only added.
 ///
-/// The nodes in it are identified by a `DepNodeIndex`. Internally, this maps to
-/// a `HybridIndex`, which identifies which collection in the `data` field
-/// contains a node's data. Which collection is used for a node depends on
-/// whether the node was present in the `PreviousDepGraph`, and if so, the color
-/// of the node. Each type of node can share more or less data with the previous
-/// graph. When possible, we can store just the index of the node in the
-/// previous graph, rather than duplicating its data in our own collections.
-/// This is important, because these graph structures are some of the largest in
-/// the compiler.
+/// The nodes in it are identified by a `DepNodeIndex`. We avoid keeping the nodes
+/// in memory.  This is important, because these graph structures are some of the
+/// largest in the compiler.
 ///
-/// For the same reason, we also avoid storing `DepNode`s more than once as map
+/// For this reason, we avoid storing `DepNode`s more than once as map
 /// keys. The `new_node_to_index` map only contains nodes not in the previous
 /// graph, and we map nodes in the previous graph to indices via a two-step
 /// mapping. `PreviousDepGraph` maps from `DepNode` to `SerializedDepNodeIndex`,
@@ -1417,15 +869,15 @@ struct LightGreenDepNodeData {
 /// `new_node_to_index` and `data`, or `prev_index_to_index` and `data`. When
 /// manipulating both, we acquire `new_node_to_index` or `prev_index_to_index`
 /// first, and `data` second.
-pub(super) struct CurrentDepGraph<K> {
-    data: Lock<DepNodeData<K>>,
+pub(super) struct CurrentDepGraph<K: DepKind> {
+    encoder: Steal<GraphEncoder<K>>,
     new_node_to_index: Sharded<FxHashMap<DepNode<K>, DepNodeIndex>>,
     prev_index_to_index: Lock<IndexVec<SerializedDepNodeIndex, Option<DepNodeIndex>>>,
 
     /// Used to trap when a specific edge is added to the graph.
     /// This is used for debug purposes and is only active with `debug_assertions`.
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    forbidden_edge: Option<EdgeFilter>,
+    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+    forbidden_edge: Option<EdgeFilter<K>>,
 
     /// Anonymous `DepNode`s are nodes whose IDs we compute from the list of
     /// their edges. This has the beneficial side-effect that multiple anonymous
@@ -1447,7 +899,12 @@ pub(super) struct CurrentDepGraph<K> {
 }
 
 impl<K: DepKind> CurrentDepGraph<K> {
-    fn new(prev_graph_node_count: usize) -> CurrentDepGraph<K> {
+    fn new(
+        prev_graph_node_count: usize,
+        encoder: FileEncoder,
+        record_graph: bool,
+        record_stats: bool,
+    ) -> CurrentDepGraph<K> {
         use std::time::{SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
 
         let duration = SystemTime::now().duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH).unwrap();
@@ -1455,70 +912,29 @@ impl<K: DepKind> CurrentDepGraph<K> {
         let mut stable_hasher = StableHasher::new();
         nanos.hash(&mut stable_hasher);
 
-        let forbidden_edge = if cfg!(debug_assertions) {
-            match env::var("RUST_FORBID_DEP_GRAPH_EDGE") {
-                Ok(s) => match EdgeFilter::new(&s) {
-                    Ok(f) => Some(f),
-                    Err(err) => panic!("RUST_FORBID_DEP_GRAPH_EDGE invalid: {}", err),
-                },
-                Err(_) => None,
-            }
-        } else {
-            None
+        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+        let forbidden_edge = match env::var("RUST_FORBID_DEP_GRAPH_EDGE") {
+            Ok(s) => match EdgeFilter::new(&s) {
+                Ok(f) => Some(f),
+                Err(err) => panic!("RUST_FORBID_DEP_GRAPH_EDGE invalid: {}", err),
+            },
+            Err(_) => None,
         };
 
-        // Pre-allocate the dep node structures. We over-allocate a little so
-        // that we hopefully don't have to re-allocate during this compilation
-        // session. The over-allocation for new nodes is 2% plus a small
-        // constant to account for the fact that in very small crates 2% might
-        // not be enough. The allocation for red and green node data doesn't
-        // include a constant, as we don't want to allocate anything for these
-        // structures during full incremental builds, where they aren't used.
-        //
-        // These estimates are based on the distribution of node and edge counts
-        // seen in rustc-perf benchmarks, adjusted somewhat to account for the
-        // fact that these benchmarks aren't perfectly representative.
-        //
-        // FIXME Use a collection type that doesn't copy node and edge data and
-        // grow multiplicatively on reallocation. Without such a collection or
-        // solution having the same effect, there is a performance hazard here
-        // in both time and space, as growing these collections means copying a
-        // large amount of data and doubling already large buffer capacities. A
-        // solution for this will also mean that it's less important to get
-        // these estimates right.
-        let new_node_count_estimate = (prev_graph_node_count * 2) / 100 + 200;
-        let red_node_count_estimate = (prev_graph_node_count * 3) / 100;
-        let light_green_node_count_estimate = (prev_graph_node_count * 25) / 100;
-        let total_node_count_estimate = prev_graph_node_count + new_node_count_estimate;
-
-        let average_edges_per_node_estimate = 6;
-        let unshared_edge_count_estimate = average_edges_per_node_estimate
-            * (new_node_count_estimate + red_node_count_estimate + light_green_node_count_estimate);
-
         // We store a large collection of these in `prev_index_to_index` during
         // non-full incremental builds, and want to ensure that the element size
         // doesn't inadvertently increase.
         static_assert_size!(Option<DepNodeIndex>, 4);
 
+        let new_node_count_estimate = 102 * prev_graph_node_count / 100 + 200;
+
         CurrentDepGraph {
-            data: Lock::new(DepNodeData {
-                new: NewDepNodeData {
-                    nodes: IndexVec::with_capacity(new_node_count_estimate),
-                    edges: IndexVec::with_capacity(new_node_count_estimate),
-                    fingerprints: IndexVec::with_capacity(new_node_count_estimate),
-                },
-                red: RedDepNodeData {
-                    node_indices: IndexVec::with_capacity(red_node_count_estimate),
-                    edges: IndexVec::with_capacity(red_node_count_estimate),
-                    fingerprints: IndexVec::with_capacity(red_node_count_estimate),
-                },
-                light_green: LightGreenDepNodeData {
-                    node_indices: IndexVec::with_capacity(light_green_node_count_estimate),
-                    edges: IndexVec::with_capacity(light_green_node_count_estimate),
-                },
-                unshared_edges: IndexVec::with_capacity(unshared_edge_count_estimate),
-                hybrid_indices: IndexVec::with_capacity(total_node_count_estimate),
-            }),
+            encoder: Steal::new(GraphEncoder::new(
+                encoder,
+                prev_graph_node_count,
+                record_graph,
+                record_stats,
+            )),
             new_node_to_index: Sharded::new(|| {
                 FxHashMap::with_capacity_and_hasher(
                     new_node_count_estimate / sharded::SHARDS,
@@ -1527,89 +943,143 @@ impl<K: DepKind> CurrentDepGraph<K> {
             }),
             prev_index_to_index: Lock::new(IndexVec::from_elem_n(None, prev_graph_node_count)),
             anon_id_seed: stable_hasher.finish(),
+            #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
             forbidden_edge,
             total_read_count: AtomicU64::new(0),
             total_duplicate_read_count: AtomicU64::new(0),
         }
     }
 
+    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+    fn record_edge(&self, dep_node_index: DepNodeIndex, key: DepNode<K>) {
+        if let Some(forbidden_edge) = &self.forbidden_edge {
+            forbidden_edge.index_to_node.lock().insert(dep_node_index, key);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Writes the node to the current dep-graph and allocates a `DepNodeIndex` for it.
+    /// Assumes that this is a node that has no equivalent in the previous dep-graph.
     fn intern_new_node(
         &self,
-        prev_graph: &PreviousDepGraph<K>,
-        dep_node: DepNode<K>,
+        profiler: &SelfProfilerRef,
+        key: DepNode<K>,
         edges: EdgesVec,
-        fingerprint: Fingerprint,
+        current_fingerprint: Fingerprint,
     ) -> DepNodeIndex {
-        debug_assert!(
-            prev_graph.node_to_index_opt(&dep_node).is_none(),
-            "node in previous graph should be interned using one \
-            of `intern_red_node`, `intern_light_green_node`, etc."
-        );
-
-        match self.new_node_to_index.get_shard_by_value(&dep_node).lock().entry(dep_node) {
+        match self.new_node_to_index.get_shard_by_value(&key).lock().entry(key) {
             Entry::Occupied(entry) => *entry.get(),
             Entry::Vacant(entry) => {
-                let data = &mut *self.data.lock();
-                let new_index = data.new.nodes.push(dep_node);
-                add_edges(&mut data.unshared_edges, &mut data.new.edges, edges);
-                data.new.fingerprints.push(fingerprint);
-                let dep_node_index = data.hybrid_indices.push(new_index.into());
+                let dep_node_index =
+                    self.encoder.borrow().send(profiler, key, current_fingerprint, edges);
                 entry.insert(dep_node_index);
+                #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+                self.record_edge(dep_node_index, key);
                 dep_node_index
             }
         }
     }
 
-    fn intern_red_node(
+    fn intern_node(
         &self,
+        profiler: &SelfProfilerRef,
         prev_graph: &PreviousDepGraph<K>,
-        prev_index: SerializedDepNodeIndex,
+        key: DepNode<K>,
         edges: EdgesVec,
-        fingerprint: Fingerprint,
-    ) -> DepNodeIndex {
-        self.debug_assert_not_in_new_nodes(prev_graph, prev_index);
+        fingerprint: Option<Fingerprint>,
+        print_status: bool,
+    ) -> (DepNodeIndex, Option<(SerializedDepNodeIndex, DepNodeColor)>) {
+        let print_status = cfg!(debug_assertions) && print_status;
+
+        if let Some(prev_index) = prev_graph.node_to_index_opt(&key) {
+            // Determine the color and index of the new `DepNode`.
+            if let Some(fingerprint) = fingerprint {
+                if fingerprint == prev_graph.fingerprint_by_index(prev_index) {
+                    if print_status {
+                        eprintln!("[task::green] {:?}", key);
+                    }
 
-        let mut prev_index_to_index = self.prev_index_to_index.lock();
+                    // This is a green node: it existed in the previous compilation,
+                    // its query was re-executed, and it has the same result as before.
+                    let mut prev_index_to_index = self.prev_index_to_index.lock();
+
+                    let dep_node_index = match prev_index_to_index[prev_index] {
+                        Some(dep_node_index) => dep_node_index,
+                        None => {
+                            let dep_node_index =
+                                self.encoder.borrow().send(profiler, key, fingerprint, edges);
+                            prev_index_to_index[prev_index] = Some(dep_node_index);
+                            dep_node_index
+                        }
+                    };
 
-        match prev_index_to_index[prev_index] {
-            Some(dep_node_index) => dep_node_index,
-            None => {
-                let data = &mut *self.data.lock();
-                let red_index = data.red.node_indices.push(prev_index);
-                add_edges(&mut data.unshared_edges, &mut data.red.edges, edges);
-                data.red.fingerprints.push(fingerprint);
-                let dep_node_index = data.hybrid_indices.push(red_index.into());
-                prev_index_to_index[prev_index] = Some(dep_node_index);
-                dep_node_index
-            }
-        }
-    }
+                    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+                    self.record_edge(dep_node_index, key);
+                    (dep_node_index, Some((prev_index, DepNodeColor::Green(dep_node_index))))
+                } else {
+                    if print_status {
+                        eprintln!("[task::red] {:?}", key);
+                    }
 
-    fn intern_light_green_node(
-        &self,
-        prev_graph: &PreviousDepGraph<K>,
-        prev_index: SerializedDepNodeIndex,
-        edges: EdgesVec,
-    ) -> DepNodeIndex {
-        self.debug_assert_not_in_new_nodes(prev_graph, prev_index);
+                    // This is a red node: it existed in the previous compilation, its query
+                    // was re-executed, but it has a different result from before.
+                    let mut prev_index_to_index = self.prev_index_to_index.lock();
+
+                    let dep_node_index = match prev_index_to_index[prev_index] {
+                        Some(dep_node_index) => dep_node_index,
+                        None => {
+                            let dep_node_index =
+                                self.encoder.borrow().send(profiler, key, fingerprint, edges);
+                            prev_index_to_index[prev_index] = Some(dep_node_index);
+                            dep_node_index
+                        }
+                    };
 
-        let mut prev_index_to_index = self.prev_index_to_index.lock();
+                    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+                    self.record_edge(dep_node_index, key);
+                    (dep_node_index, Some((prev_index, DepNodeColor::Red)))
+                }
+            } else {
+                if print_status {
+                    eprintln!("[task::unknown] {:?}", key);
+                }
 
-        match prev_index_to_index[prev_index] {
-            Some(dep_node_index) => dep_node_index,
-            None => {
-                let data = &mut *self.data.lock();
-                let light_green_index = data.light_green.node_indices.push(prev_index);
-                add_edges(&mut data.unshared_edges, &mut data.light_green.edges, edges);
-                let dep_node_index = data.hybrid_indices.push(light_green_index.into());
-                prev_index_to_index[prev_index] = Some(dep_node_index);
-                dep_node_index
+                // This is a red node, effectively: it existed in the previous compilation
+                // session, its query was re-executed, but it doesn't compute a result hash
+                // (i.e. it represents a `no_hash` query), so we have no way of determining
+                // whether or not the result was the same as before.
+                let mut prev_index_to_index = self.prev_index_to_index.lock();
+
+                let dep_node_index = match prev_index_to_index[prev_index] {
+                    Some(dep_node_index) => dep_node_index,
+                    None => {
+                        let dep_node_index =
+                            self.encoder.borrow().send(profiler, key, Fingerprint::ZERO, edges);
+                        prev_index_to_index[prev_index] = Some(dep_node_index);
+                        dep_node_index
+                    }
+                };
+
+                #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+                self.record_edge(dep_node_index, key);
+                (dep_node_index, Some((prev_index, DepNodeColor::Red)))
+            }
+        } else {
+            if print_status {
+                eprintln!("[task::new] {:?}", key);
             }
+
+            let fingerprint = fingerprint.unwrap_or(Fingerprint::ZERO);
+
+            // This is a new node: it didn't exist in the previous compilation session.
+            let dep_node_index = self.intern_new_node(profiler, key, edges, fingerprint);
+
+            (dep_node_index, None)
         }
     }
 
-    fn intern_dark_green_node(
+    fn promote_node_and_deps_to_current(
         &self,
+        profiler: &SelfProfilerRef,
         prev_graph: &PreviousDepGraph<K>,
         prev_index: SerializedDepNodeIndex,
     ) -> DepNodeIndex {
@@ -1620,9 +1090,20 @@ impl<K: DepKind> CurrentDepGraph<K> {
         match prev_index_to_index[prev_index] {
             Some(dep_node_index) => dep_node_index,
             None => {
-                let mut data = self.data.lock();
-                let dep_node_index = data.hybrid_indices.push(prev_index.into());
+                let key = prev_graph.index_to_node(prev_index);
+                let dep_node_index = self.encoder.borrow().send(
+                    profiler,
+                    key,
+                    prev_graph.fingerprint_by_index(prev_index),
+                    prev_graph
+                        .edge_targets_from(prev_index)
+                        .iter()
+                        .map(|i| prev_index_to_index[*i].unwrap())
+                        .collect(),
+                );
                 prev_index_to_index[prev_index] = Some(dep_node_index);
+                #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+                self.record_edge(dep_node_index, key);
                 dep_node_index
             }
         }
@@ -1642,18 +1123,6 @@ impl<K: DepKind> CurrentDepGraph<K> {
     }
 }
 
-#[inline]
-fn add_edges<I: Idx>(
-    edges: &mut IndexVec<EdgeIndex, DepNodeIndex>,
-    edge_indices: &mut IndexVec<I, Range<EdgeIndex>>,
-    new_edges: EdgesVec,
-) {
-    let start = edges.next_index();
-    edges.extend(new_edges);
-    let end = edges.next_index();
-    edge_indices.push(start..end);
-}
-
 /// The capacity of the `reads` field `SmallVec`
 const TASK_DEPS_READS_CAP: usize = 8;
 type EdgesVec = SmallVec<[DepNodeIndex; TASK_DEPS_READS_CAP]>;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/mod.rs
index e8fb71be3e0..1b6ecf3e637 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/mod.rs
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ pub use serialized::{SerializedDepGraph, SerializedDepNodeIndex};
 
 use rustc_data_structures::profiling::SelfProfilerRef;
 use rustc_data_structures::sync::Lock;
+use rustc_serialize::{opaque::FileEncoder, Encodable};
 use rustc_session::Session;
 
 use std::fmt;
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ impl<T: DepContext> HasDepContext for T {
 }
 
 /// Describe the different families of dependency nodes.
-pub trait DepKind: Copy + fmt::Debug + Eq + Hash {
+pub trait DepKind: Copy + fmt::Debug + Eq + Hash + Send + Encodable<FileEncoder> + 'static {
     const NULL: Self;
 
     /// Return whether this kind always require evaluation.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/prev.rs b/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/prev.rs
index c3d0f795255..6303bbf53b9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/prev.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/prev.rs
@@ -36,11 +36,6 @@ impl<K: DepKind> PreviousDepGraph<K> {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn node_to_index(&self, dep_node: &DepNode<K>) -> SerializedDepNodeIndex {
-        self.index[dep_node]
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
     pub fn node_to_index_opt(&self, dep_node: &DepNode<K>) -> Option<SerializedDepNodeIndex> {
         self.index.get(dep_node).cloned()
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/query.rs b/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/query.rs
index cc25d08cb54..27b3b5e1366 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/query.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/query.rs
@@ -1,38 +1,43 @@
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashMap;
 use rustc_data_structures::graph::implementation::{Direction, Graph, NodeIndex, INCOMING};
+use rustc_index::vec::IndexVec;
 
-use super::{DepKind, DepNode};
+use super::{DepKind, DepNode, DepNodeIndex};
 
 pub struct DepGraphQuery<K> {
     pub graph: Graph<DepNode<K>, ()>,
     pub indices: FxHashMap<DepNode<K>, NodeIndex>,
+    pub dep_index_to_index: IndexVec<DepNodeIndex, Option<NodeIndex>>,
 }
 
 impl<K: DepKind> DepGraphQuery<K> {
-    pub fn new(
-        nodes: &[DepNode<K>],
-        edge_list_indices: &[(usize, usize)],
-        edge_list_data: &[usize],
-    ) -> DepGraphQuery<K> {
-        let mut graph = Graph::with_capacity(nodes.len(), edge_list_data.len());
-        let mut indices = FxHashMap::default();
-        for node in nodes {
-            indices.insert(*node, graph.add_node(*node));
-        }
+    pub fn new(prev_node_count: usize) -> DepGraphQuery<K> {
+        let node_count = prev_node_count + prev_node_count / 4;
+        let edge_count = 6 * node_count;
 
-        for (source, &(start, end)) in edge_list_indices.iter().enumerate() {
-            for &target in &edge_list_data[start..end] {
-                let source = indices[&nodes[source]];
-                let target = indices[&nodes[target]];
-                graph.add_edge(source, target, ());
-            }
-        }
+        let graph = Graph::with_capacity(node_count, edge_count);
+        let indices = FxHashMap::default();
+        let dep_index_to_index = IndexVec::new();
 
-        DepGraphQuery { graph, indices }
+        DepGraphQuery { graph, indices, dep_index_to_index }
     }
 
-    pub fn contains_node(&self, node: &DepNode<K>) -> bool {
-        self.indices.contains_key(&node)
+    pub fn push(&mut self, index: DepNodeIndex, node: DepNode<K>, edges: &[DepNodeIndex]) {
+        let source = self.graph.add_node(node);
+        if index.index() >= self.dep_index_to_index.len() {
+            self.dep_index_to_index.resize(index.index() + 1, None);
+        }
+        self.dep_index_to_index[index] = Some(source);
+        self.indices.insert(node, source);
+
+        for &target in edges.iter() {
+            let target = self.dep_index_to_index[target];
+            // We may miss the edges that are pushed while the `DepGraphQuery` is being accessed.
+            // Skip them to issues.
+            if let Some(target) = target {
+                self.graph.add_edge(source, target, ());
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     pub fn nodes(&self) -> Vec<&DepNode<K>> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/serialized.rs b/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/serialized.rs
index 9bb922b0a90..6f3d1fb7199 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/serialized.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/serialized.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,28 @@
 //! The data that we will serialize and deserialize.
+//!
+//! The dep-graph is serialized as a sequence of NodeInfo, with the dependencies
+//! specified inline.  The total number of nodes and edges are stored as the last
+//! 16 bytes of the file, so we can find them easily at decoding time.
+//!
+//! The serialisation is performed on-demand when each node is emitted. Using this
+//! scheme, we do not need to keep the current graph in memory.
+//!
+//! The deserisalisation is performed manually, in order to convert from the stored
+//! sequence of NodeInfos to the different arrays in SerializedDepGraph.  Since the
+//! node and edge count are stored at the end of the file, all the arrays can be
+//! pre-allocated with the right length.
 
-use super::{DepKind, DepNode};
+use super::query::DepGraphQuery;
+use super::{DepKind, DepNode, DepNodeIndex};
 use rustc_data_structures::fingerprint::Fingerprint;
-use rustc_index::vec::IndexVec;
-use rustc_serialize::{Decodable, Decoder};
+use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashMap;
+use rustc_data_structures::profiling::SelfProfilerRef;
+use rustc_data_structures::sync::Lock;
+use rustc_index::vec::{Idx, IndexVec};
+use rustc_serialize::opaque::{self, FileEncodeResult, FileEncoder, IntEncodedWithFixedSize};
+use rustc_serialize::{Decodable, Decoder, Encodable};
+use smallvec::SmallVec;
+use std::convert::TryInto;
 
 // The maximum value of `SerializedDepNodeIndex` leaves the upper two bits
 // unused so that we can store multiple index types in `CompressedHybridIndex`,
@@ -50,78 +69,239 @@ impl<K: DepKind> SerializedDepGraph<K> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<D: Decoder, K: DepKind + Decodable<D>> Decodable<D> for SerializedDepGraph<K> {
-    fn decode(d: &mut D) -> Result<SerializedDepGraph<K>, D::Error> {
-        // We used to serialize the dep graph by creating and serializing a `SerializedDepGraph`
-        // using data copied from the `DepGraph`. But copying created a large memory spike, so we
-        // now serialize directly from the `DepGraph` as if it's a `SerializedDepGraph`. Because we
-        // deserialize that data into a `SerializedDepGraph` in the next compilation session, we
-        // need `DepGraph`'s `Encodable` and `SerializedDepGraph`'s `Decodable` implementations to
-        // be in sync. If you update this decoding, be sure to update the encoding, and vice-versa.
-        //
-        // We mimic the sequence of `Encode` and `Encodable` method calls used by the `DepGraph`'s
-        // `Encodable` implementation with the corresponding sequence of `Decode` and `Decodable`
-        // method calls. E.g. `Decode::read_struct` pairs with `Encode::emit_struct`, `DepNode`'s
-        // `decode` pairs with `DepNode`'s `encode`, and so on. Any decoding methods not associated
-        // with corresponding encoding methods called in `DepGraph`'s `Encodable` implementation
-        // are off limits, because we'd be relying on their implementation details.
-        //
-        // For example, because we know it happens to do the right thing, its tempting to just use
-        // `IndexVec`'s `Decodable` implementation to decode into some of the collections below,
-        // even though `DepGraph` doesn't use its `Encodable` implementation. But the `IndexVec`
-        // implementation could change, and we'd have a bug.
-        //
-        // Variables below are explicitly typed so that anyone who changes the `SerializedDepGraph`
-        // representation without updating this function will encounter a compilation error, and
-        // know to update this and possibly the `DepGraph` `Encodable` implementation accordingly
-        // (the latter should serialize data in a format compatible with our representation).
-
-        d.read_struct("SerializedDepGraph", 4, |d| {
-            let nodes: IndexVec<SerializedDepNodeIndex, DepNode<K>> =
-                d.read_struct_field("nodes", 0, |d| {
-                    d.read_seq(|d, len| {
-                        let mut v = IndexVec::with_capacity(len);
-                        for i in 0..len {
-                            v.push(d.read_seq_elt(i, |d| Decodable::decode(d))?);
-                        }
-                        Ok(v)
-                    })
-                })?;
+impl<'a, K: DepKind + Decodable<opaque::Decoder<'a>>> Decodable<opaque::Decoder<'a>>
+    for SerializedDepGraph<K>
+{
+    #[instrument(skip(d))]
+    fn decode(d: &mut opaque::Decoder<'a>) -> Result<SerializedDepGraph<K>, String> {
+        let start_position = d.position();
 
-            let fingerprints: IndexVec<SerializedDepNodeIndex, Fingerprint> =
-                d.read_struct_field("fingerprints", 1, |d| {
-                    d.read_seq(|d, len| {
-                        let mut v = IndexVec::with_capacity(len);
-                        for i in 0..len {
-                            v.push(d.read_seq_elt(i, |d| Decodable::decode(d))?);
-                        }
-                        Ok(v)
-                    })
-                })?;
+        // The last 16 bytes are the node count and edge count.
+        debug!("position: {:?}", d.position());
+        d.set_position(d.data.len() - 2 * IntEncodedWithFixedSize::ENCODED_SIZE);
+        debug!("position: {:?}", d.position());
 
-            let edge_list_indices: IndexVec<SerializedDepNodeIndex, (u32, u32)> = d
-                .read_struct_field("edge_list_indices", 2, |d| {
-                    d.read_seq(|d, len| {
-                        let mut v = IndexVec::with_capacity(len);
-                        for i in 0..len {
-                            v.push(d.read_seq_elt(i, |d| Decodable::decode(d))?);
-                        }
-                        Ok(v)
-                    })
-                })?;
+        let node_count = IntEncodedWithFixedSize::decode(d)?.0 as usize;
+        let edge_count = IntEncodedWithFixedSize::decode(d)?.0 as usize;
+        debug!(?node_count, ?edge_count);
+
+        debug!("position: {:?}", d.position());
+        d.set_position(start_position);
+        debug!("position: {:?}", d.position());
+
+        let mut nodes = IndexVec::with_capacity(node_count);
+        let mut fingerprints = IndexVec::with_capacity(node_count);
+        let mut edge_list_indices = IndexVec::with_capacity(node_count);
+        let mut edge_list_data = Vec::with_capacity(edge_count);
+
+        for _index in 0..node_count {
+            d.read_struct("NodeInfo", 3, |d| {
+                let dep_node: DepNode<K> = d.read_struct_field("node", 0, Decodable::decode)?;
+                let _i: SerializedDepNodeIndex = nodes.push(dep_node);
+                debug_assert_eq!(_i.index(), _index);
 
-            let edge_list_data: Vec<SerializedDepNodeIndex> =
-                d.read_struct_field("edge_list_data", 3, |d| {
+                let fingerprint: Fingerprint =
+                    d.read_struct_field("fingerprint", 1, Decodable::decode)?;
+                let _i: SerializedDepNodeIndex = fingerprints.push(fingerprint);
+                debug_assert_eq!(_i.index(), _index);
+
+                d.read_struct_field("edges", 2, |d| {
                     d.read_seq(|d, len| {
-                        let mut v = Vec::with_capacity(len);
-                        for i in 0..len {
-                            v.push(d.read_seq_elt(i, |d| Decodable::decode(d))?);
+                        let start = edge_list_data.len().try_into().unwrap();
+                        for e in 0..len {
+                            let edge = d.read_seq_elt(e, Decodable::decode)?;
+                            edge_list_data.push(edge);
                         }
-                        Ok(v)
+                        let end = edge_list_data.len().try_into().unwrap();
+                        let _i: SerializedDepNodeIndex = edge_list_indices.push((start, end));
+                        debug_assert_eq!(_i.index(), _index);
+                        Ok(())
                     })
-                })?;
+                })
+            })?;
+        }
+
+        Ok(SerializedDepGraph { nodes, fingerprints, edge_list_indices, edge_list_data })
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Encodable, Decodable)]
+pub struct NodeInfo<K: DepKind> {
+    node: DepNode<K>,
+    fingerprint: Fingerprint,
+    edges: SmallVec<[DepNodeIndex; 8]>,
+}
+
+struct Stat<K: DepKind> {
+    kind: K,
+    node_counter: u64,
+    edge_counter: u64,
+}
+
+struct EncoderState<K: DepKind> {
+    encoder: FileEncoder,
+    total_node_count: usize,
+    total_edge_count: usize,
+    result: FileEncodeResult,
+    stats: Option<FxHashMap<K, Stat<K>>>,
+}
+
+impl<K: DepKind> EncoderState<K> {
+    fn new(encoder: FileEncoder, record_stats: bool) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            encoder,
+            total_edge_count: 0,
+            total_node_count: 0,
+            result: Ok(()),
+            stats: if record_stats { Some(FxHashMap::default()) } else { None },
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[instrument(skip(self, record_graph))]
+    fn encode_node(
+        &mut self,
+        node: &NodeInfo<K>,
+        record_graph: &Option<Lock<DepGraphQuery<K>>>,
+    ) -> DepNodeIndex {
+        let index = DepNodeIndex::new(self.total_node_count);
+        self.total_node_count += 1;
+
+        let edge_count = node.edges.len();
+        self.total_edge_count += edge_count;
+
+        if let Some(record_graph) = &record_graph {
+            // Do not ICE when a query is called from within `with_query`.
+            if let Some(record_graph) = &mut record_graph.try_lock() {
+                record_graph.push(index, node.node, &node.edges);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if let Some(stats) = &mut self.stats {
+            let kind = node.node.kind;
+
+            let stat = stats.entry(kind).or_insert(Stat { kind, node_counter: 0, edge_counter: 0 });
+            stat.node_counter += 1;
+            stat.edge_counter += edge_count as u64;
+        }
+
+        debug!(?index, ?node);
+        let encoder = &mut self.encoder;
+        if self.result.is_ok() {
+            self.result = node.encode(encoder);
+        }
+        index
+    }
+
+    fn finish(self) -> FileEncodeResult {
+        let Self { mut encoder, total_node_count, total_edge_count, result, stats: _ } = self;
+        let () = result?;
+
+        let node_count = total_node_count.try_into().unwrap();
+        let edge_count = total_edge_count.try_into().unwrap();
+
+        debug!(?node_count, ?edge_count);
+        debug!("position: {:?}", encoder.position());
+        IntEncodedWithFixedSize(node_count).encode(&mut encoder)?;
+        IntEncodedWithFixedSize(edge_count).encode(&mut encoder)?;
+        debug!("position: {:?}", encoder.position());
+        // Drop the encoder so that nothing is written after the counts.
+        encoder.flush()
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct GraphEncoder<K: DepKind> {
+    status: Lock<EncoderState<K>>,
+    record_graph: Option<Lock<DepGraphQuery<K>>>,
+}
+
+impl<K: DepKind + Encodable<FileEncoder>> GraphEncoder<K> {
+    pub fn new(
+        encoder: FileEncoder,
+        prev_node_count: usize,
+        record_graph: bool,
+        record_stats: bool,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let record_graph =
+            if record_graph { Some(Lock::new(DepGraphQuery::new(prev_node_count))) } else { None };
+        let status = Lock::new(EncoderState::new(encoder, record_stats));
+        GraphEncoder { status, record_graph }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn with_query(&self, f: impl Fn(&DepGraphQuery<K>)) {
+        if let Some(record_graph) = &self.record_graph {
+            f(&record_graph.lock())
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn print_incremental_info(
+        &self,
+        total_read_count: u64,
+        total_duplicate_read_count: u64,
+    ) {
+        let status = self.status.lock();
+        if let Some(record_stats) = &status.stats {
+            let mut stats: Vec<_> = record_stats.values().collect();
+            stats.sort_by_key(|s| -(s.node_counter as i64));
+
+            const SEPARATOR: &str = "[incremental] --------------------------------\
+                                     ----------------------------------------------\
+                                     ------------";
+
+            eprintln!("[incremental]");
+            eprintln!("[incremental] DepGraph Statistics");
+            eprintln!("{}", SEPARATOR);
+            eprintln!("[incremental]");
+            eprintln!("[incremental] Total Node Count: {}", status.total_node_count);
+            eprintln!("[incremental] Total Edge Count: {}", status.total_edge_count);
+
+            if cfg!(debug_assertions) {
+                eprintln!("[incremental] Total Edge Reads: {}", total_read_count);
+                eprintln!(
+                    "[incremental] Total Duplicate Edge Reads: {}",
+                    total_duplicate_read_count
+                );
+            }
+
+            eprintln!("[incremental]");
+            eprintln!(
+                "[incremental]  {:<36}| {:<17}| {:<12}| {:<17}|",
+                "Node Kind", "Node Frequency", "Node Count", "Avg. Edge Count"
+            );
+            eprintln!("{}", SEPARATOR);
+
+            for stat in stats {
+                let node_kind_ratio =
+                    (100.0 * (stat.node_counter as f64)) / (status.total_node_count as f64);
+                let node_kind_avg_edges = (stat.edge_counter as f64) / (stat.node_counter as f64);
+
+                eprintln!(
+                    "[incremental]  {:<36}|{:>16.1}% |{:>12} |{:>17.1} |",
+                    format!("{:?}", stat.kind),
+                    node_kind_ratio,
+                    stat.node_counter,
+                    node_kind_avg_edges,
+                );
+            }
+
+            eprintln!("{}", SEPARATOR);
+            eprintln!("[incremental]");
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn send(
+        &self,
+        profiler: &SelfProfilerRef,
+        node: DepNode<K>,
+        fingerprint: Fingerprint,
+        edges: SmallVec<[DepNodeIndex; 8]>,
+    ) -> DepNodeIndex {
+        let _prof_timer = profiler.generic_activity("incr_comp_encode_dep_graph");
+        let node = NodeInfo { node, fingerprint, edges };
+        self.status.lock().encode_node(&node, &self.record_graph)
+    }
 
-            Ok(SerializedDepGraph { nodes, fingerprints, edge_list_indices, edge_list_data })
-        })
+    pub fn finish(self, profiler: &SelfProfilerRef) -> FileEncodeResult {
+        let _prof_timer = profiler.generic_activity("incr_comp_encode_dep_graph");
+        self.status.into_inner().finish()
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/lib.rs
index 26b76a9c006..071144f38e7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/lib.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 #![feature(const_fn)]
 #![feature(const_panic)]
 #![feature(core_intrinsics)]
+#![feature(drain_filter)]
 #![feature(hash_raw_entry)]
+#![feature(iter_zip)]
 #![feature(min_specialization)]
 #![feature(stmt_expr_attributes)]
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/query/job.rs b/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/query/job.rs
index 35a2ac865f2..21f580db04f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/query/job.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/query/job.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use {
     rustc_data_structures::{jobserver, OnDrop},
     rustc_rayon_core as rayon_core,
     rustc_span::DUMMY_SP,
-    std::iter::FromIterator,
+    std::iter::{self, FromIterator},
     std::{mem, process},
 };
 
@@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ fn remove_cycle<D: DepKind>(
         spans.rotate_right(1);
 
         // Zip them back together
-        let mut stack: Vec<_> = spans.into_iter().zip(queries).collect();
+        let mut stack: Vec<_> = iter::zip(spans, queries).collect();
 
         // Remove the queries in our cycle from the list of jobs to look at
         for r in &stack {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/query/plumbing.rs b/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/query/plumbing.rs
index 77267489a75..fb8a53048fa 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/query/plumbing.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/query/plumbing.rs
@@ -449,9 +449,11 @@ where
 
         let ((result, dep_node_index), diagnostics) = with_diagnostics(|diagnostics| {
             tcx.start_query(job.id, diagnostics, || {
-                tcx.dep_context()
-                    .dep_graph()
-                    .with_anon_task(query.dep_kind, || query.compute(tcx, key))
+                tcx.dep_context().dep_graph().with_anon_task(
+                    *tcx.dep_context(),
+                    query.dep_kind,
+                    || query.compute(tcx, key),
+                )
             })
         });
 
@@ -537,7 +539,7 @@ where
         // If `-Zincremental-verify-ich` is specified, re-hash results from
         // the cache and make sure that they have the expected fingerprint.
         if unlikely!(tcx.dep_context().sess().opts.debugging_opts.incremental_verify_ich) {
-            incremental_verify_ich(*tcx.dep_context(), &result, dep_node, dep_node_index, query);
+            incremental_verify_ich(*tcx.dep_context(), &result, dep_node, query);
         }
 
         result
@@ -560,7 +562,7 @@ where
         //
         // See issue #82920 for an example of a miscompilation that would get turned into
         // an ICE by this check
-        incremental_verify_ich(*tcx.dep_context(), &result, dep_node, dep_node_index, query);
+        incremental_verify_ich(*tcx.dep_context(), &result, dep_node, query);
 
         result
     }
@@ -570,14 +572,12 @@ fn incremental_verify_ich<CTX, K, V: Debug>(
     tcx: CTX::DepContext,
     result: &V,
     dep_node: &DepNode<CTX::DepKind>,
-    dep_node_index: DepNodeIndex,
     query: &QueryVtable<CTX, K, V>,
 ) where
     CTX: QueryContext,
 {
     assert!(
-        Some(tcx.dep_graph().fingerprint_of(dep_node_index))
-            == tcx.dep_graph().prev_fingerprint_of(dep_node),
+        tcx.dep_graph().is_green(dep_node),
         "fingerprint for green query instance not loaded from cache: {:?}",
         dep_node,
     );
@@ -588,9 +588,15 @@ fn incremental_verify_ich<CTX, K, V: Debug>(
     let new_hash = query.hash_result(&mut hcx, result).unwrap_or(Fingerprint::ZERO);
     debug!("END verify_ich({:?})", dep_node);
 
-    let old_hash = tcx.dep_graph().fingerprint_of(dep_node_index);
+    let old_hash = tcx.dep_graph().prev_fingerprint_of(dep_node);
 
-    assert!(new_hash == old_hash, "found unstable fingerprints for {:?}: {:?}", dep_node, result);
+    assert_eq!(
+        Some(new_hash),
+        old_hash,
+        "found unstable fingerprints for {:?}: {:?}",
+        dep_node,
+        result
+    );
 }
 
 fn force_query_with_job<C, CTX>(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/diagnostics.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/diagnostics.rs
index d402fa4f849..327beca218e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/diagnostics.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/diagnostics.rs
@@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ impl<'a> Resolver<'a> {
     /// Lookup typo candidate in scope for a macro or import.
     fn early_lookup_typo_candidate(
         &mut self,
-        scope_set: ScopeSet,
+        scope_set: ScopeSet<'a>,
         parent_scope: &ParentScope<'a>,
         ident: Ident,
         filter_fn: &impl Fn(Res) -> bool,
@@ -662,7 +662,7 @@ impl<'a> Resolver<'a> {
                     let root_module = this.resolve_crate_root(root_ident);
                     this.add_module_candidates(root_module, &mut suggestions, filter_fn);
                 }
-                Scope::Module(module) => {
+                Scope::Module(module, _) => {
                     this.add_module_candidates(module, &mut suggestions, filter_fn);
                 }
                 Scope::RegisteredAttrs => {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late.rs
index f9f33492a1e..1377bb781d0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late.rs
@@ -2327,7 +2327,7 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'b, 'ast> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, 'b, 'ast> {
 
             ExprKind::Call(ref callee, ref arguments) => {
                 self.resolve_expr(callee, Some(expr));
-                let const_args = self.r.legacy_const_generic_args(callee).unwrap_or(Vec::new());
+                let const_args = self.r.legacy_const_generic_args(callee).unwrap_or_default();
                 for (idx, argument) in arguments.iter().enumerate() {
                     // Constant arguments need to be treated as AnonConst since
                     // that is how they will be later lowered to HIR.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/diagnostics.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/diagnostics.rs
index e85d78db22c..1fb07bdae9d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/diagnostics.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/diagnostics.rs
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ use rustc_span::lev_distance::find_best_match_for_name;
 use rustc_span::symbol::{kw, sym, Ident, Symbol};
 use rustc_span::{BytePos, MultiSpan, Span, DUMMY_SP};
 
+use std::iter;
+
 use tracing::debug;
 
 type Res = def::Res<ast::NodeId>;
@@ -184,7 +186,7 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'ast> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, '_, 'ast> {
                         PathResult::Module(ModuleOrUniformRoot::Module(module)) => module.res(),
                         _ => None,
                     }
-                    .map_or(String::new(), |res| format!("{} ", res.descr()));
+                    .map_or_else(String::new, |res| format!("{} ", res.descr()));
                 (mod_prefix, format!("`{}`", Segment::names_to_string(mod_path)))
             };
             (
@@ -1004,9 +1006,7 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'ast> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, '_, 'ast> {
                 if let Some(spans) =
                     field_spans.filter(|spans| spans.len() > 0 && fields.len() == spans.len())
                 {
-                    let non_visible_spans: Vec<Span> = fields
-                        .iter()
-                        .zip(spans.iter())
+                    let non_visible_spans: Vec<Span> = iter::zip(&fields, &spans)
                         .filter(|(vis, _)| {
                             !self.r.is_accessible_from(**vis, self.parent_scope.module)
                         })
@@ -1042,10 +1042,10 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'ast> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, '_, 'ast> {
                 if let Some(span) = self.def_span(def_id) {
                     err.span_label(span, &format!("`{}` defined here", path_str));
                 }
-                let fields =
-                    self.r.field_names.get(&def_id).map_or("/* fields */".to_string(), |fields| {
-                        vec!["_"; fields.len()].join(", ")
-                    });
+                let fields = self.r.field_names.get(&def_id).map_or_else(
+                    || "/* fields */".to_string(),
+                    |fields| vec!["_"; fields.len()].join(", "),
+                );
                 err.span_suggestion(
                     span,
                     "use the tuple variant pattern syntax instead",
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/lifetimes.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/lifetimes.rs
index 698e5048f7b..b89ad867f46 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/lifetimes.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/lifetimes.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ use std::cell::Cell;
 use std::fmt;
 use std::mem::take;
 
-use tracing::debug;
+use tracing::{debug, span, Level};
 
 // This counts the no of times a lifetime is used
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
@@ -42,9 +42,9 @@ pub enum LifetimeUseSet<'tcx> {
 trait RegionExt {
     fn early(hir_map: &Map<'_>, index: &mut u32, param: &GenericParam<'_>) -> (ParamName, Region);
 
-    fn late(hir_map: &Map<'_>, param: &GenericParam<'_>) -> (ParamName, Region);
+    fn late(index: u32, hir_map: &Map<'_>, param: &GenericParam<'_>) -> (ParamName, Region);
 
-    fn late_anon(index: &Cell<u32>) -> Region;
+    fn late_anon(named_late_bound_vars: u32, index: &Cell<u32>) -> Region;
 
     fn id(&self) -> Option<DefId>;
 
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ impl RegionExt for Region {
         (param.name.normalize_to_macros_2_0(), Region::EarlyBound(i, def_id.to_def_id(), origin))
     }
 
-    fn late(hir_map: &Map<'_>, param: &GenericParam<'_>) -> (ParamName, Region) {
+    fn late(idx: u32, hir_map: &Map<'_>, param: &GenericParam<'_>) -> (ParamName, Region) {
         let depth = ty::INNERMOST;
         let def_id = hir_map.local_def_id(param.hir_id);
         let origin = LifetimeDefOrigin::from_param(param);
@@ -75,21 +75,24 @@ impl RegionExt for Region {
             "Region::late: param={:?} depth={:?} def_id={:?} origin={:?}",
             param, depth, def_id, origin,
         );
-        (param.name.normalize_to_macros_2_0(), Region::LateBound(depth, def_id.to_def_id(), origin))
+        (
+            param.name.normalize_to_macros_2_0(),
+            Region::LateBound(depth, idx, def_id.to_def_id(), origin),
+        )
     }
 
-    fn late_anon(index: &Cell<u32>) -> Region {
+    fn late_anon(named_late_bound_vars: u32, index: &Cell<u32>) -> Region {
         let i = index.get();
         index.set(i + 1);
         let depth = ty::INNERMOST;
-        Region::LateBoundAnon(depth, i)
+        Region::LateBoundAnon(depth, named_late_bound_vars + i, i)
     }
 
     fn id(&self) -> Option<DefId> {
         match *self {
             Region::Static | Region::LateBoundAnon(..) => None,
 
-            Region::EarlyBound(_, id, _) | Region::LateBound(_, id, _) | Region::Free(_, id) => {
+            Region::EarlyBound(_, id, _) | Region::LateBound(_, _, id, _) | Region::Free(_, id) => {
                 Some(id)
             }
         }
@@ -97,11 +100,11 @@ impl RegionExt for Region {
 
     fn shifted(self, amount: u32) -> Region {
         match self {
-            Region::LateBound(debruijn, id, origin) => {
-                Region::LateBound(debruijn.shifted_in(amount), id, origin)
+            Region::LateBound(debruijn, idx, id, origin) => {
+                Region::LateBound(debruijn.shifted_in(amount), idx, id, origin)
             }
-            Region::LateBoundAnon(debruijn, index) => {
-                Region::LateBoundAnon(debruijn.shifted_in(amount), index)
+            Region::LateBoundAnon(debruijn, index, anon_index) => {
+                Region::LateBoundAnon(debruijn.shifted_in(amount), index, anon_index)
             }
             _ => self,
         }
@@ -109,11 +112,11 @@ impl RegionExt for Region {
 
     fn shifted_out_to_binder(self, binder: ty::DebruijnIndex) -> Region {
         match self {
-            Region::LateBound(debruijn, id, origin) => {
-                Region::LateBound(debruijn.shifted_out_to_binder(binder), id, origin)
+            Region::LateBound(debruijn, index, id, origin) => {
+                Region::LateBound(debruijn.shifted_out_to_binder(binder), index, id, origin)
             }
-            Region::LateBoundAnon(debruijn, index) => {
-                Region::LateBoundAnon(debruijn.shifted_out_to_binder(binder), index)
+            Region::LateBoundAnon(debruijn, index, anon_index) => {
+                Region::LateBoundAnon(debruijn.shifted_out_to_binder(binder), index, anon_index)
             }
             _ => self,
         }
@@ -147,6 +150,14 @@ struct NamedRegionMap {
     // be late-bound if (a) it does NOT appear in a where-clause and
     // (b) it DOES appear in the arguments.
     late_bound: HirIdSet,
+
+    // Maps relevant hir items to the bound vars on them. These include:
+    // - function defs
+    // - function pointers
+    // - closures
+    // - trait refs
+    // - bound types (like `T` in `for<'a> T<'a>: Foo`)
+    late_bound_vars: HirIdMap<Vec<ty::BoundVariableKind>>,
 }
 
 crate struct LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
@@ -161,13 +172,21 @@ crate struct LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
     /// correct when representing these constraints, we should only introduce one
     /// scope. However, we want to support both locations for the quantifier and
     /// during lifetime resolution we want precise information (so we can't
-    /// desugar in an earlier phase).
+    /// desugar in an earlier phase). Moreso, an error here doesn't cause a bail
+    /// from type checking, so we need to be extra careful that we don't lose
+    /// any bound var information.
     ///
     /// So, if we encounter a quantifier at the outer scope, we set
-    /// `trait_ref_hack` to `true` (and introduce a scope), and then if we encounter
-    /// a quantifier at the inner scope, we error. If `trait_ref_hack` is `false`,
-    /// then we introduce the scope at the inner quantifier.
-    trait_ref_hack: bool,
+    /// `trait_ref_hack` to the hir id of the bounded type (and introduce a scope).
+    /// Then, if we encounter a quantifier at the inner scope, then we know to
+    /// emit an error. Importantly though, we do have to track the lifetimes
+    /// defined on the outer scope (i.e. the bounded ty), since we continue
+    /// to type check after emitting an error; we therefore assume that the bound
+    /// vars on the inner trait refs come from both quantifiers.
+    ///
+    /// If we encounter a quantifier in the inner scope `trait_ref_hack` being
+    /// `None`, then we just introduce the scope at the inner quantifier as normal.
+    trait_ref_hack: Option<hir::HirId>,
 
     /// Used to disallow the use of in-band lifetimes in `fn` or `Fn` syntax.
     is_in_fn_syntax: bool,
@@ -225,6 +244,17 @@ enum Scope<'a> {
         /// of the resulting opaque type.
         opaque_type_parent: bool,
 
+        /// True only if this `Binder` scope is from the quantifiers on a
+        /// `PolyTraitRef`. This is necessary for `assocated_type_bounds`, which
+        /// requires binders of nested trait refs to be merged.
+        from_poly_trait_ref: bool,
+
+        /// The late bound vars for a given item are stored by `HirId` to be
+        /// queried later. However, if we enter an elision scope, we have to
+        /// later append the elided bound vars to the list and need to know what
+        /// to append to.
+        hir_id: hir::HirId,
+
         s: ScopeRef<'a>,
     },
 
@@ -252,6 +282,50 @@ enum Scope<'a> {
         s: ScopeRef<'a>,
     },
 
+    /// This is a particularly interesting consequence of how we handle poly
+    /// trait refs. See `trait_ref_hack` for additional info. This bit is
+    /// important w.r.t. querying late-bound vars.
+    ///
+    /// To completely understand why this is necessary, first it's important to
+    /// realize that `T: for<'a> U + for<'a, 'b> V` is actually two separate
+    /// trait refs: `T: for<'a> U` and `T: for<'b> V` and as such, the late
+    /// bound vars on each needs to be tracked separately. Also, in this case,
+    /// are *three* relevant `HirId`s: one for the entire bound and one
+    /// for each separate one.
+    ///
+    /// Next, imagine three different poly trait refs:
+    ///   1) `for<'a, 'b> T: U<'a, 'b>`
+    ///   2) `T: for<'a, 'b> U<'a, 'b>`
+    ///   3) `for<'a> T: for<'b> U<'a, 'b>`
+    ///
+    /// First, note that the third example is semantically invalid and an error,
+    /// but we *must* handle it as valid, since type checking isn't bailed out
+    /// of. Other than that, if ask for bound vars for each, we expect
+    /// `['a, 'b]`. If we *didn't* allow binders before `T`, then we would
+    /// always introduce a binder scope at the inner trait ref. This is great,
+    /// becauase later on during type-checking, we will ask "what are the late
+    /// bound vars on this trait ref". However, because we allow bound vars on
+    /// the bound itself, we have to have some way of keeping track of the fact
+    /// that we actually want to store the late bound vars as being associated
+    /// with the trait ref; this is that.
+    ///
+    /// One alternative way to handle this would be to just introduce a new
+    /// `Binder` scope, but that's semantically a bit different, since bound
+    /// vars from both `for<...>`s *do* share the same binder level.
+    TraitRefHackInner {
+        hir_id: hir::HirId,
+        s: ScopeRef<'a>,
+    },
+
+    /// When we have nested trait refs, we concanetate late bound vars for inner
+    /// trait refs from outer ones. But we also need to include any HRTB
+    /// lifetimes encountered when identifying the trait that an associated type
+    /// is declared on.
+    Supertrait {
+        lifetimes: Vec<ty::BoundVariableKind>,
+        s: ScopeRef<'a>,
+    },
+
     Root,
 }
 
@@ -266,6 +340,8 @@ impl<'a> fmt::Debug for TruncatedScopeDebug<'a> {
                 next_early_index,
                 track_lifetime_uses,
                 opaque_type_parent,
+                from_poly_trait_ref,
+                hir_id,
                 s: _,
             } => f
                 .debug_struct("Binder")
@@ -273,6 +349,8 @@ impl<'a> fmt::Debug for TruncatedScopeDebug<'a> {
                 .field("next_early_index", next_early_index)
                 .field("track_lifetime_uses", track_lifetime_uses)
                 .field("opaque_type_parent", opaque_type_parent)
+                .field("from_poly_trait_ref", from_poly_trait_ref)
+                .field("hir_id", hir_id)
                 .field("s", &"..")
                 .finish(),
             Scope::Body { id, s: _ } => {
@@ -286,6 +364,16 @@ impl<'a> fmt::Debug for TruncatedScopeDebug<'a> {
                 .field("lifetime", lifetime)
                 .field("s", &"..")
                 .finish(),
+            Scope::TraitRefHackInner { hir_id, s: _ } => f
+                .debug_struct("TraitRefHackInner")
+                .field("hir_id", hir_id)
+                .field("s", &"..")
+                .finish(),
+            Scope::Supertrait { lifetimes, s: _ } => f
+                .debug_struct("Supertrait")
+                .field("lifetimes", lifetimes)
+                .field("s", &"..")
+                .finish(),
             Scope::Root => f.debug_struct("Root").finish(),
         }
     }
@@ -294,8 +382,9 @@ impl<'a> fmt::Debug for TruncatedScopeDebug<'a> {
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 enum Elide {
     /// Use a fresh anonymous late-bound lifetime each time, by
-    /// incrementing the counter to generate sequential indices.
-    FreshLateAnon(Cell<u32>),
+    /// incrementing the counter to generate sequential indices. All
+    /// anonymous lifetimes must start *after* named bound vars.
+    FreshLateAnon(u32, Cell<u32>),
     /// Always use this one lifetime.
     Exact(Region),
     /// Less or more than one lifetime were found, error on unspecified.
@@ -334,6 +423,7 @@ pub fn provide(providers: &mut ty::query::Providers) {
                 _ => None,
             }
         },
+        late_bound_vars_map: |tcx, id| resolve_lifetimes_for(tcx, id).late_bound_vars.get(&id),
 
         ..*providers
     };
@@ -391,13 +481,16 @@ fn do_resolve(
     trait_definition_only: bool,
 ) -> ResolveLifetimes {
     let item = tcx.hir().expect_item(tcx.hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(local_def_id));
-    let mut named_region_map =
-        NamedRegionMap { defs: Default::default(), late_bound: Default::default() };
+    let mut named_region_map = NamedRegionMap {
+        defs: Default::default(),
+        late_bound: Default::default(),
+        late_bound_vars: Default::default(),
+    };
     let mut visitor = LifetimeContext {
         tcx,
         map: &mut named_region_map,
         scope: ROOT_SCOPE,
-        trait_ref_hack: false,
+        trait_ref_hack: None,
         is_in_fn_syntax: false,
         is_in_const_generic: false,
         trait_definition_only,
@@ -418,6 +511,10 @@ fn do_resolve(
         let map = rl.late_bound.entry(hir_id.owner).or_default();
         map.insert(hir_id.local_id);
     }
+    for (hir_id, v) in named_region_map.late_bound_vars {
+        let map = rl.late_bound_vars.entry(hir_id.owner).or_default();
+        map.insert(hir_id.local_id, v);
+    }
 
     debug!(?rl.defs);
     rl
@@ -503,6 +600,19 @@ fn sub_items_have_self_param(node: &hir::ItemKind<'_>) -> bool {
     matches!(*node, hir::ItemKind::Trait(..) | hir::ItemKind::TraitAlias(..))
 }
 
+fn late_region_as_bound_region<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, region: &Region) -> ty::BoundVariableKind {
+    match region {
+        Region::LateBound(_, _, def_id, _) => {
+            let name = tcx.hir().name(tcx.hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(def_id.expect_local()));
+            ty::BoundVariableKind::Region(ty::BrNamed(*def_id, name))
+        }
+        Region::LateBoundAnon(_, _, anon_idx) => {
+            ty::BoundVariableKind::Region(ty::BrAnon(*anon_idx))
+        }
+        _ => bug!("{:?} is not a late region", region),
+    }
+}
+
 impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
     type Map = Map<'tcx>;
 
@@ -530,11 +640,58 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
         self.labels_in_fn = saved;
     }
 
+    fn visit_fn(
+        &mut self,
+        fk: intravisit::FnKind<'tcx>,
+        fd: &'tcx hir::FnDecl<'tcx>,
+        b: hir::BodyId,
+        s: rustc_span::Span,
+        hir_id: hir::HirId,
+    ) {
+        let name = match fk {
+            intravisit::FnKind::ItemFn(id, _, _, _) => id.as_str(),
+            intravisit::FnKind::Method(id, _, _) => id.as_str(),
+            intravisit::FnKind::Closure => Symbol::intern("closure").as_str(),
+        };
+        let name: &str = &name;
+        let span = span!(Level::DEBUG, "visit_fn", name);
+        let _enter = span.enter();
+        match fk {
+            // Any `Binders` are handled elsewhere
+            intravisit::FnKind::ItemFn(..) | intravisit::FnKind::Method(..) => {
+                intravisit::walk_fn(self, fk, fd, b, s, hir_id)
+            }
+            intravisit::FnKind::Closure => {
+                self.map.late_bound_vars.insert(hir_id, vec![]);
+                let scope = Scope::Binder {
+                    hir_id,
+                    lifetimes: FxHashMap::default(),
+                    next_early_index: self.next_early_index(),
+                    s: self.scope,
+                    track_lifetime_uses: true,
+                    opaque_type_parent: false,
+                    from_poly_trait_ref: false,
+                };
+                self.with(scope, move |_old_scope, this| {
+                    intravisit::walk_fn(this, fk, fd, b, s, hir_id)
+                });
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     fn visit_item(&mut self, item: &'tcx hir::Item<'tcx>) {
+        match &item.kind {
+            hir::ItemKind::Impl(hir::Impl { of_trait, .. }) => {
+                if let Some(of_trait) = of_trait {
+                    self.map.late_bound_vars.insert(of_trait.hir_ref_id, Vec::default());
+                }
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        }
         match item.kind {
             hir::ItemKind::Fn(ref sig, ref generics, _) => {
                 self.missing_named_lifetime_spots.push(generics.into());
-                self.visit_early_late(None, &sig.decl, generics, |this| {
+                self.visit_early_late(None, item.hir_id(), &sig.decl, generics, |this| {
                     intravisit::walk_item(this, item);
                 });
                 self.missing_named_lifetime_spots.pop();
@@ -582,6 +739,16 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                                     self.map.late_bound.insert(hir::HirId { owner, local_id });
                                 });
                             }
+                            for (&owner, late_bound_vars) in
+                                resolved_lifetimes.late_bound_vars.iter()
+                            {
+                                late_bound_vars.iter().for_each(|(&local_id, late_bound_vars)| {
+                                    self.map.late_bound_vars.insert(
+                                        hir::HirId { owner, local_id },
+                                        late_bound_vars.clone(),
+                                    );
+                                });
+                            }
                             break;
                         }
                         hir::Node::Crate(_) => bug!("No Item about an OpaqueTy"),
@@ -621,11 +788,14 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                         }
                     })
                     .collect();
+                self.map.late_bound_vars.insert(item.hir_id(), vec![]);
                 let scope = Scope::Binder {
+                    hir_id: item.hir_id(),
                     lifetimes,
                     next_early_index: index + non_lifetime_count,
                     opaque_type_parent: true,
                     track_lifetime_uses,
+                    from_poly_trait_ref: false,
                     s: ROOT_SCOPE,
                 };
                 self.with(scope, |old_scope, this| {
@@ -640,7 +810,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
     fn visit_foreign_item(&mut self, item: &'tcx hir::ForeignItem<'tcx>) {
         match item.kind {
             hir::ForeignItemKind::Fn(ref decl, _, ref generics) => {
-                self.visit_early_late(None, decl, generics, |this| {
+                self.visit_early_late(None, item.hir_id(), decl, generics, |this| {
                     intravisit::walk_foreign_item(this, item);
                 })
             }
@@ -672,21 +842,29 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                 };
                 self.missing_named_lifetime_spots
                     .push(MissingLifetimeSpot::HigherRanked { span, span_type });
+                let (lifetimes, binders): (FxHashMap<hir::ParamName, Region>, Vec<_>) = c
+                    .generic_params
+                    .iter()
+                    .filter_map(|param| match param.kind {
+                        GenericParamKind::Lifetime { .. } => Some(param),
+                        _ => None,
+                    })
+                    .enumerate()
+                    .map(|(late_bound_idx, param)| {
+                        let pair = Region::late(late_bound_idx as u32, &self.tcx.hir(), param);
+                        let r = late_region_as_bound_region(self.tcx, &pair.1);
+                        (pair, r)
+                    })
+                    .unzip();
+                self.map.late_bound_vars.insert(ty.hir_id, binders);
                 let scope = Scope::Binder {
-                    lifetimes: c
-                        .generic_params
-                        .iter()
-                        .filter_map(|param| match param.kind {
-                            GenericParamKind::Lifetime { .. } => {
-                                Some(Region::late(&self.tcx.hir(), param))
-                            }
-                            _ => None,
-                        })
-                        .collect(),
+                    hir_id: ty.hir_id,
+                    lifetimes,
                     s: self.scope,
                     next_early_index,
                     track_lifetime_uses: true,
                     opaque_type_parent: false,
+                    from_poly_trait_ref: false,
                 };
                 self.with(scope, |old_scope, this| {
                     // a bare fn has no bounds, so everything
@@ -721,7 +899,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                         // resolved the same as the `'_` in `&'_ Foo`.
                         //
                         // cc #48468
-                        self.resolve_elided_lifetimes(vec![lifetime])
+                        self.resolve_elided_lifetimes(&[lifetime])
                     }
                     LifetimeName::Param(_) | LifetimeName::Static => {
                         // If the user wrote an explicit name, use that.
@@ -784,7 +962,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                         // well-supported at the moment, so this doesn't work.
                         // In the future, this should be fixed and this error should be removed.
                         let def = self.map.defs.get(&lifetime.hir_id).cloned();
-                        if let Some(Region::LateBound(_, def_id, _)) = def {
+                        if let Some(Region::LateBound(_, _, def_id, _)) = def {
                             if let Some(def_id) = def_id.as_local() {
                                 let hir_id = self.tcx.hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(def_id);
                                 // Ensure that the parent of the def is an item, not HRTB
@@ -863,17 +1041,20 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                     }
                 }
                 let next_early_index = index + non_lifetime_count;
+                self.map.late_bound_vars.insert(ty.hir_id, vec![]);
 
                 if let Some(elision_region) = elision {
                     let scope =
                         Scope::Elision { elide: Elide::Exact(elision_region), s: self.scope };
                     self.with(scope, |_old_scope, this| {
                         let scope = Scope::Binder {
+                            hir_id: ty.hir_id,
                             lifetimes,
                             next_early_index,
                             s: this.scope,
                             track_lifetime_uses: true,
                             opaque_type_parent: false,
+                            from_poly_trait_ref: false,
                         };
                         this.with(scope, |_old_scope, this| {
                             this.visit_generics(generics);
@@ -884,11 +1065,13 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                     });
                 } else {
                     let scope = Scope::Binder {
+                        hir_id: ty.hir_id,
                         lifetimes,
                         next_early_index,
                         s: self.scope,
                         track_lifetime_uses: true,
                         opaque_type_parent: false,
+                        from_poly_trait_ref: false,
                     };
                     self.with(scope, |_old_scope, this| {
                         this.visit_generics(generics);
@@ -910,6 +1093,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                 let tcx = self.tcx;
                 self.visit_early_late(
                     Some(tcx.hir().get_parent_item(trait_item.hir_id())),
+                    trait_item.hir_id(),
                     &sig.decl,
                     &trait_item.generics,
                     |this| intravisit::walk_trait_item(this, trait_item),
@@ -935,12 +1119,15 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                         }
                     })
                     .collect();
+                self.map.late_bound_vars.insert(trait_item.hir_id(), vec![]);
                 let scope = Scope::Binder {
+                    hir_id: trait_item.hir_id(),
                     lifetimes,
                     next_early_index: index + non_lifetime_count,
                     s: self.scope,
                     track_lifetime_uses: true,
                     opaque_type_parent: true,
+                    from_poly_trait_ref: false,
                 };
                 self.with(scope, |old_scope, this| {
                     this.check_lifetime_params(old_scope, &generics.params);
@@ -972,6 +1159,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                 let tcx = self.tcx;
                 self.visit_early_late(
                     Some(tcx.hir().get_parent_item(impl_item.hir_id())),
+                    impl_item.hir_id(),
                     &sig.decl,
                     &impl_item.generics,
                     |this| intravisit::walk_impl_item(this, impl_item),
@@ -984,7 +1172,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                 let mut index = self.next_early_index();
                 let mut non_lifetime_count = 0;
                 debug!("visit_ty: index = {}", index);
-                let lifetimes = generics
+                let lifetimes: FxHashMap<hir::ParamName, Region> = generics
                     .params
                     .iter()
                     .filter_map(|param| match param.kind {
@@ -997,12 +1185,15 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                         }
                     })
                     .collect();
+                self.map.late_bound_vars.insert(ty.hir_id, vec![]);
                 let scope = Scope::Binder {
+                    hir_id: ty.hir_id,
                     lifetimes,
                     next_early_index: index + non_lifetime_count,
                     s: self.scope,
                     track_lifetime_uses: true,
                     opaque_type_parent: true,
+                    from_poly_trait_ref: false,
                 };
                 self.with(scope, |old_scope, this| {
                     this.check_lifetime_params(old_scope, &generics.params);
@@ -1024,7 +1215,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
     #[tracing::instrument(level = "debug", skip(self))]
     fn visit_lifetime(&mut self, lifetime_ref: &'tcx hir::Lifetime) {
         if lifetime_ref.is_elided() {
-            self.resolve_elided_lifetimes(vec![lifetime_ref]);
+            self.resolve_elided_lifetimes(&[lifetime_ref]);
             return;
         }
         if lifetime_ref.is_static() {
@@ -1085,30 +1276,39 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                     ref bound_generic_params,
                     ..
                 }) => {
-                    let lifetimes: FxHashMap<_, _> = bound_generic_params
-                        .iter()
-                        .filter_map(|param| match param.kind {
-                            GenericParamKind::Lifetime { .. } => {
-                                Some(Region::late(&self.tcx.hir(), param))
-                            }
-                            _ => None,
-                        })
-                        .collect();
+                    let (lifetimes, binders): (FxHashMap<hir::ParamName, Region>, Vec<_>) =
+                        bound_generic_params
+                            .iter()
+                            .filter_map(|param| match param.kind {
+                                GenericParamKind::Lifetime { .. } => Some(param),
+                                _ => None,
+                            })
+                            .enumerate()
+                            .map(|(late_bound_idx, param)| {
+                                let pair =
+                                    Region::late(late_bound_idx as u32, &self.tcx.hir(), param);
+                                let r = late_region_as_bound_region(self.tcx, &pair.1);
+                                (pair, r)
+                            })
+                            .unzip();
+                    self.map.late_bound_vars.insert(bounded_ty.hir_id, binders.clone());
                     if !lifetimes.is_empty() {
                         let next_early_index = self.next_early_index();
                         let scope = Scope::Binder {
+                            hir_id: bounded_ty.hir_id,
                             lifetimes,
                             s: self.scope,
                             next_early_index,
                             track_lifetime_uses: true,
                             opaque_type_parent: false,
+                            from_poly_trait_ref: true,
                         };
                         let result = self.with(scope, |old_scope, this| {
                             this.check_lifetime_params(old_scope, &bound_generic_params);
                             this.visit_ty(&bounded_ty);
-                            this.trait_ref_hack = true;
+                            this.trait_ref_hack = Some(bounded_ty.hir_id);
                             walk_list!(this, visit_param_bound, bounds);
-                            this.trait_ref_hack = false;
+                            this.trait_ref_hack = None;
                         });
                         result
                     } else {
@@ -1138,13 +1338,16 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
 
     fn visit_param_bound(&mut self, bound: &'tcx hir::GenericBound<'tcx>) {
         match bound {
-            hir::GenericBound::LangItemTrait { .. } if !self.trait_ref_hack => {
+            hir::GenericBound::LangItemTrait(_, _, hir_id, _) if self.trait_ref_hack.is_none() => {
+                self.map.late_bound_vars.insert(*hir_id, vec![]);
                 let scope = Scope::Binder {
+                    hir_id: *hir_id,
                     lifetimes: FxHashMap::default(),
                     s: self.scope,
                     next_early_index: self.next_early_index(),
                     track_lifetime_uses: true,
                     opaque_type_parent: false,
+                    from_poly_trait_ref: false,
                 };
                 self.with(scope, |_, this| {
                     intravisit::walk_param_bound(this, bound);
@@ -1163,38 +1366,128 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
 
         let should_pop_missing_lt = self.is_trait_ref_fn_scope(trait_ref);
 
-        let trait_ref_hack = take(&mut self.trait_ref_hack);
-        if !trait_ref_hack
-            || trait_ref
+        let trait_ref_hack = self.trait_ref_hack.take();
+        let next_early_index = self.next_early_index();
+        // See note on `trait_ref_hack`. If `for<..>` has been defined in both
+        // the outer and inner part of the trait ref, emit an error.
+        let has_lifetimes = trait_ref.bound_generic_params.iter().any(|param| match param.kind {
+            GenericParamKind::Lifetime { .. } => true,
+            _ => false,
+        });
+        if trait_ref_hack.is_some() && has_lifetimes {
+            struct_span_err!(
+                self.tcx.sess,
+                trait_ref.span,
+                E0316,
+                "nested quantification of lifetimes"
+            )
+            .emit();
+        }
+
+        let (binders, lifetimes) = if let Some(hir_id) = trait_ref_hack {
+            let mut binders = self.map.late_bound_vars.entry(hir_id).or_default().clone();
+            let initial_bound_vars = binders.len() as u32;
+            let mut lifetimes: FxHashMap<hir::ParamName, Region> = FxHashMap::default();
+            let binders_iter = trait_ref
                 .bound_generic_params
                 .iter()
-                .any(|param| matches!(param.kind, GenericParamKind::Lifetime { .. }))
-        {
-            if trait_ref_hack {
-                struct_span_err!(
-                    self.tcx.sess,
-                    trait_ref.span,
-                    E0316,
-                    "nested quantification of lifetimes"
-                )
-                .emit();
-            }
-            let next_early_index = self.next_early_index();
-            let scope = Scope::Binder {
-                lifetimes: trait_ref
-                    .bound_generic_params
-                    .iter()
-                    .filter_map(|param| match param.kind {
-                        GenericParamKind::Lifetime { .. } => {
-                            Some(Region::late(&self.tcx.hir(), param))
+                .filter_map(|param| match param.kind {
+                    GenericParamKind::Lifetime { .. } => Some(param),
+                    _ => None,
+                })
+                .enumerate()
+                .map(|(late_bound_idx, param)| {
+                    let pair = Region::late(
+                        initial_bound_vars + late_bound_idx as u32,
+                        &self.tcx.hir(),
+                        param,
+                    );
+                    let r = late_region_as_bound_region(self.tcx, &pair.1);
+                    lifetimes.insert(pair.0, pair.1);
+                    r
+                });
+            binders.extend(binders_iter);
+
+            (binders, lifetimes)
+        } else {
+            let mut supertrait_lifetimes = vec![];
+            let mut scope = self.scope;
+            let mut outer_binders = loop {
+                match scope {
+                    Scope::Body { .. } | Scope::Root => {
+                        break vec![];
+                    }
+
+                    Scope::Elision { s, .. } | Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { s, .. } => {
+                        scope = s;
+                    }
+
+                    Scope::TraitRefHackInner { hir_id, .. } => {
+                        // Nested poly trait refs have the binders concatenated
+                        // If we reach `TraitRefHackInner`, then there is only one more `Binder` above us,
+                        // over all the bounds. We don't want this, since all the lifetimes we care about
+                        // are here anyways.
+                        let mut full_binders =
+                            self.map.late_bound_vars.entry(*hir_id).or_default().clone();
+                        full_binders.extend(supertrait_lifetimes.into_iter());
+                        break full_binders;
+                    }
+
+                    Scope::Supertrait { s, lifetimes } => {
+                        supertrait_lifetimes = lifetimes.clone();
+                        scope = s;
+                    }
+
+                    Scope::Binder { hir_id, from_poly_trait_ref, .. } => {
+                        if !from_poly_trait_ref {
+                            // We should only see super trait lifetimes if there is a `Binder` above
+                            assert!(supertrait_lifetimes.is_empty());
+                            break vec![];
                         }
-                        _ => None,
-                    })
-                    .collect(),
+                        // Nested poly trait refs have the binders concatenated
+                        let mut full_binders =
+                            self.map.late_bound_vars.entry(*hir_id).or_default().clone();
+                        full_binders.extend(supertrait_lifetimes.into_iter());
+                        break full_binders;
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+            let (lifetimes, local_binders): (FxHashMap<hir::ParamName, Region>, Vec<_>) = trait_ref
+                .bound_generic_params
+                .iter()
+                .filter_map(|param| match param.kind {
+                    GenericParamKind::Lifetime { .. } => Some(param),
+                    _ => None,
+                })
+                .enumerate()
+                .map(|(late_bound_idx, param)| {
+                    let pair = Region::late(
+                        outer_binders.len() as u32 + late_bound_idx as u32,
+                        &self.tcx.hir(),
+                        param,
+                    );
+                    let r = late_region_as_bound_region(self.tcx, &pair.1);
+                    (pair, r)
+                })
+                .unzip();
+
+            outer_binders.extend(local_binders.into_iter());
+
+            (outer_binders, lifetimes)
+        };
+
+        debug!(?binders);
+        self.map.late_bound_vars.insert(trait_ref.trait_ref.hir_ref_id, binders);
+
+        if trait_ref_hack.is_none() || has_lifetimes {
+            let scope = Scope::Binder {
+                hir_id: trait_ref.trait_ref.hir_ref_id,
+                lifetimes,
                 s: self.scope,
                 next_early_index,
                 track_lifetime_uses: true,
                 opaque_type_parent: false,
+                from_poly_trait_ref: true,
             };
             self.with(scope, |old_scope, this| {
                 this.check_lifetime_params(old_scope, &trait_ref.bound_generic_params);
@@ -1202,7 +1495,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                 this.visit_trait_ref(&trait_ref.trait_ref);
             });
         } else {
-            self.visit_trait_ref(&trait_ref.trait_ref);
+            let scope =
+                Scope::TraitRefHackInner { hir_id: trait_ref.trait_ref.hir_ref_id, s: self.scope };
+            self.with(scope, |_old_scope, this| {
+                this.visit_trait_ref(&trait_ref.trait_ref);
+            });
         }
         self.trait_ref_hack = trait_ref_hack;
         if should_pop_missing_lt {
@@ -1354,7 +1651,9 @@ fn extract_labels(ctxt: &mut LifetimeContext<'_, '_>, body: &hir::Body<'_>) {
             match *scope {
                 Scope::Body { s, .. }
                 | Scope::Elision { s, .. }
-                | Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { s, .. } => {
+                | Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { s, .. }
+                | Scope::TraitRefHackInner { s, .. }
+                | Scope::Supertrait { s, .. } => {
                     scope = s;
                 }
 
@@ -1543,11 +1842,12 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
         let labels_in_fn = take(&mut self.labels_in_fn);
         let xcrate_object_lifetime_defaults = take(&mut self.xcrate_object_lifetime_defaults);
         let missing_named_lifetime_spots = take(&mut self.missing_named_lifetime_spots);
+        let trait_ref_hack = take(&mut self.trait_ref_hack);
         let mut this = LifetimeContext {
             tcx: *tcx,
             map,
             scope: &wrap_scope,
-            trait_ref_hack: self.trait_ref_hack,
+            trait_ref_hack,
             is_in_fn_syntax: self.is_in_fn_syntax,
             is_in_const_generic: self.is_in_const_generic,
             trait_definition_only: self.trait_definition_only,
@@ -1567,6 +1867,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
         self.labels_in_fn = this.labels_in_fn;
         self.xcrate_object_lifetime_defaults = this.xcrate_object_lifetime_defaults;
         self.missing_named_lifetime_spots = this.missing_named_lifetime_spots;
+        self.trait_ref_hack = this.trait_ref_hack;
     }
 
     /// helper method to determine the span to remove when suggesting the
@@ -1715,7 +2016,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
             .values()
             .flat_map(|region| match region {
                 Region::EarlyBound(_, def_id, _)
-                | Region::LateBound(_, def_id, _)
+                | Region::LateBound(_, _, def_id, _)
                 | Region::Free(_, def_id) => Some(*def_id),
 
                 Region::LateBoundAnon(..) | Region::Static => None,
@@ -1861,6 +2162,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
     fn visit_early_late<F>(
         &mut self,
         parent_id: Option<hir::HirId>,
+        hir_id: hir::HirId,
         decl: &'tcx hir::FnDecl<'tcx>,
         generics: &'tcx hir::Generics<'tcx>,
         walk: F,
@@ -1870,31 +2172,34 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
         insert_late_bound_lifetimes(self.map, decl, generics);
 
         // Find the start of nested early scopes, e.g., in methods.
-        let mut index = 0;
+        let mut next_early_index = 0;
         if let Some(parent_id) = parent_id {
             let parent = self.tcx.hir().expect_item(parent_id);
             if sub_items_have_self_param(&parent.kind) {
-                index += 1; // Self comes before lifetimes
+                next_early_index += 1; // Self comes before lifetimes
             }
             match parent.kind {
                 hir::ItemKind::Trait(_, _, ref generics, ..)
                 | hir::ItemKind::Impl(hir::Impl { ref generics, .. }) => {
-                    index += generics.params.len() as u32;
+                    next_early_index += generics.params.len() as u32;
                 }
                 _ => {}
             }
         }
 
         let mut non_lifetime_count = 0;
-        let lifetimes = generics
+        let mut named_late_bound_vars = 0;
+        let lifetimes: FxHashMap<hir::ParamName, Region> = generics
             .params
             .iter()
             .filter_map(|param| match param.kind {
                 GenericParamKind::Lifetime { .. } => {
                     if self.map.late_bound.contains(&param.hir_id) {
-                        Some(Region::late(&self.tcx.hir(), param))
+                        let late_bound_idx = named_late_bound_vars;
+                        named_late_bound_vars += 1;
+                        Some(Region::late(late_bound_idx, &self.tcx.hir(), param))
                     } else {
-                        Some(Region::early(&self.tcx.hir(), &mut index, param))
+                        Some(Region::early(&self.tcx.hir(), &mut next_early_index, param))
                     }
                 }
                 GenericParamKind::Type { .. } | GenericParamKind::Const { .. } => {
@@ -1903,14 +2208,35 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                 }
             })
             .collect();
-        let next_early_index = index + non_lifetime_count;
+        let next_early_index = next_early_index + non_lifetime_count;
 
+        let binders: Vec<_> = generics
+            .params
+            .iter()
+            .filter_map(|param| match param.kind {
+                GenericParamKind::Lifetime { .. }
+                    if self.map.late_bound.contains(&param.hir_id) =>
+                {
+                    Some(param)
+                }
+                _ => None,
+            })
+            .enumerate()
+            .map(|(late_bound_idx, param)| {
+                let pair = Region::late(late_bound_idx as u32, &self.tcx.hir(), param);
+                let r = late_region_as_bound_region(self.tcx, &pair.1);
+                r
+            })
+            .collect();
+        self.map.late_bound_vars.insert(hir_id, binders);
         let scope = Scope::Binder {
+            hir_id,
             lifetimes,
             next_early_index,
             s: self.scope,
             opaque_type_parent: true,
             track_lifetime_uses: false,
+            from_poly_trait_ref: false,
         };
         self.with(scope, move |old_scope, this| {
             this.check_lifetime_params(old_scope, &generics.params);
@@ -1933,7 +2259,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                 Scope::Binder { s, .. }
                 | Scope::Body { s, .. }
                 | Scope::Elision { s, .. }
-                | Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { s, .. } => scope = s,
+                | Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { s, .. }
+                | Scope::TraitRefHackInner { s, .. }
+                | Scope::Supertrait { s, .. } => scope = s,
             }
         }
     }
@@ -1965,6 +2293,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
         // given name or we run out of scopes.
         // search.
         let mut late_depth = 0;
+        let mut in_poly_trait_ref = false;
         let mut scope = self.scope;
         let mut outermost_body = None;
         let result = loop {
@@ -1982,7 +2311,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                     break None;
                 }
 
-                Scope::Binder { ref lifetimes, s, .. } => {
+                Scope::Binder { ref lifetimes, from_poly_trait_ref, s, .. } => {
                     match lifetime_ref.name {
                         LifetimeName::Param(param_name) => {
                             if let Some(&def) = lifetimes.get(&param_name.normalize_to_macros_2_0())
@@ -1993,11 +2322,35 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                         _ => bug!("expected LifetimeName::Param"),
                     }
 
-                    late_depth += 1;
+                    match (from_poly_trait_ref, in_poly_trait_ref) {
+                        // This is the first binder we see that is a poly trait ref; add one to the
+                        // late depth and mark that we're potentially in nested trait refs.
+                        (true, false) => {
+                            in_poly_trait_ref = true;
+                            late_depth += 1;
+                        }
+                        // We've already seen a binder that is a poly trait ref and this one is too,
+                        // that means that they are nested and we are concatenating the bound vars;
+                        // don't increase the late depth.
+                        (true, true) => {}
+                        // We've exited nested poly trait refs; add one to the late depth and mark
+                        // that we are no longer in nested trait refs
+                        (false, true) => {
+                            in_poly_trait_ref = false;
+                            late_depth += 1;
+                        }
+                        // Any other kind of nested binders: just increase late depth.
+                        (false, false) => {
+                            late_depth += 1;
+                        }
+                    }
                     scope = s;
                 }
 
-                Scope::Elision { s, .. } | Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { s, .. } => {
+                Scope::Elision { s, .. }
+                | Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { s, .. }
+                | Scope::TraitRefHackInner { s, .. }
+                | Scope::Supertrait { s, .. } => {
                     scope = s;
                 }
             }
@@ -2025,7 +2378,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
             if !self.trait_definition_only && self.is_in_fn_syntax {
                 match def {
                     Region::EarlyBound(_, _, LifetimeDefOrigin::InBand)
-                    | Region::LateBound(_, _, LifetimeDefOrigin::InBand) => {
+                    | Region::LateBound(_, _, _, LifetimeDefOrigin::InBand) => {
                         struct_span_err!(
                             self.tcx.sess,
                             lifetime_ref.span,
@@ -2046,6 +2399,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                     | Region::LateBound(
                         _,
                         _,
+                        _,
                         LifetimeDefOrigin::ExplicitOrElided | LifetimeDefOrigin::Error,
                     )
                     | Region::LateBoundAnon(..)
@@ -2079,7 +2433,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
         }
 
         let mut elide_lifetimes = true;
-        let lifetimes = generic_args
+        let lifetimes: Vec<_> = generic_args
             .args
             .iter()
             .filter_map(|arg| match arg {
@@ -2092,8 +2446,10 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                 _ => None,
             })
             .collect();
+        // We short-circuit here if all are elided in order to pluralize
+        // possible errors
         if elide_lifetimes {
-            self.resolve_elided_lifetimes(lifetimes);
+            self.resolve_elided_lifetimes(&lifetimes);
         } else {
             lifetimes.iter().for_each(|lt| self.visit_lifetime(lt));
         }
@@ -2146,7 +2502,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
 
                         Scope::Binder { s, .. }
                         | Scope::Elision { s, .. }
-                        | Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { s, .. } => {
+                        | Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { s, .. }
+                        | Scope::TraitRefHackInner { s, .. }
+                        | Scope::Supertrait { s, .. } => {
                             scope = s;
                         }
                     }
@@ -2245,13 +2603,84 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
         let has_lifetime_parameter =
             generic_args.args.iter().any(|arg| matches!(arg, GenericArg::Lifetime(_)));
 
-        // Resolve lifetimes found in the type `XX` from `Item = XX` bindings.
-        for b in generic_args.bindings {
+        // Resolve lifetimes found in the bindings, so either in the type `XX` in `Item = XX` or
+        // in the trait ref `YY<...>` in `Item: YY<...>`.
+        for binding in generic_args.bindings {
             let scope = Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault {
                 lifetime: if has_lifetime_parameter { None } else { Some(Region::Static) },
                 s: self.scope,
             };
-            self.with(scope, |_, this| this.visit_assoc_type_binding(b));
+            if let Some(type_def_id) = type_def_id {
+                let lifetimes = LifetimeContext::supertrait_hrtb_lifetimes(
+                    self.tcx,
+                    type_def_id,
+                    binding.ident,
+                );
+                self.with(scope, |_, this| {
+                    let scope =
+                        Scope::Supertrait { lifetimes: lifetimes.unwrap_or(vec![]), s: this.scope };
+                    this.with(scope, |_, this| this.visit_assoc_type_binding(binding));
+                });
+            } else {
+                self.with(scope, |_, this| this.visit_assoc_type_binding(binding));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns all the late-bound vars that come into scope from supertrait HRTBs, based on the
+    /// associated type name and starting trait.
+    /// For example, imagine we have
+    /// ```rust
+    /// trait Foo<'a, 'b> {
+    ///   type As;
+    /// }
+    /// trait Bar<'b>: for<'a> Foo<'a, 'b> {}
+    /// trait Bar: for<'b> Bar<'b> {}
+    /// ```
+    /// In this case, if we wanted to the supertrait HRTB lifetimes for `As` on
+    /// the starting trait `Bar`, we would return `Some(['b, 'a])`.
+    fn supertrait_hrtb_lifetimes(
+        tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+        def_id: DefId,
+        assoc_name: Ident,
+    ) -> Option<Vec<ty::BoundVariableKind>> {
+        let trait_defines_associated_type_named = |trait_def_id: DefId| {
+            tcx.associated_items(trait_def_id)
+                .find_by_name_and_kind(tcx, assoc_name, ty::AssocKind::Type, trait_def_id)
+                .is_some()
+        };
+
+        use smallvec::{smallvec, SmallVec};
+        let mut stack: SmallVec<[(DefId, SmallVec<[ty::BoundVariableKind; 8]>); 8]> =
+            smallvec![(def_id, smallvec![])];
+        let mut visited: FxHashSet<DefId> = FxHashSet::default();
+        loop {
+            let (def_id, bound_vars) = match stack.pop() {
+                Some(next) => next,
+                None => break None,
+            };
+            if trait_defines_associated_type_named(def_id) {
+                break Some(bound_vars.into_iter().collect());
+            }
+            let predicates =
+                tcx.super_predicates_that_define_assoc_type((def_id, Some(assoc_name)));
+            let obligations = predicates.predicates.iter().filter_map(|&(pred, _)| {
+                let bound_predicate = pred.kind();
+                match bound_predicate.skip_binder() {
+                    ty::PredicateKind::Trait(data, _) => {
+                        // The order here needs to match what we would get from `subst_supertrait`
+                        let pred_bound_vars = bound_predicate.bound_vars();
+                        let mut all_bound_vars = bound_vars.clone();
+                        all_bound_vars.extend(pred_bound_vars.iter());
+                        let super_def_id = data.trait_ref.def_id;
+                        Some((super_def_id, all_bound_vars))
+                    }
+                    _ => None,
+                }
+            });
+
+            let obligations = obligations.filter(|o| visited.insert(o.0));
+            stack.extend(obligations);
         }
     }
 
@@ -2261,7 +2690,37 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
         inputs: &'tcx [hir::Ty<'tcx>],
         output: Option<&'tcx hir::Ty<'tcx>>,
     ) {
-        let arg_scope = Scope::Elision { elide: Elide::FreshLateAnon(Cell::new(0)), s: self.scope };
+        debug!("visit_fn_like_elision: enter");
+        let mut scope = &*self.scope;
+        let hir_id = loop {
+            match scope {
+                Scope::Binder { hir_id, .. } | Scope::TraitRefHackInner { hir_id, .. } => {
+                    break *hir_id;
+                }
+                Scope::Body { id, .. } => break id.hir_id,
+                Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { ref s, .. }
+                | Scope::Elision { ref s, .. }
+                | Scope::Supertrait { ref s, .. } => {
+                    scope = *s;
+                }
+                Scope::Root => bug!("In fn_like_elision without appropriate scope above"),
+            }
+        };
+        // While not strictly necessary, we gather anon lifetimes *before* actually
+        // visiting the argument types.
+        let mut gather = GatherAnonLifetimes { anon_count: 0 };
+        for input in inputs {
+            gather.visit_ty(input);
+        }
+        let late_bound_vars = self.map.late_bound_vars.entry(hir_id).or_default();
+        let named_late_bound_vars = late_bound_vars.len() as u32;
+        late_bound_vars.extend(
+            (0..gather.anon_count).map(|var| ty::BoundVariableKind::Region(ty::BrAnon(var))),
+        );
+        let arg_scope = Scope::Elision {
+            elide: Elide::FreshLateAnon(named_late_bound_vars, Cell::new(0)),
+            s: self.scope,
+        };
         self.with(arg_scope, |_, this| {
             for input in inputs {
                 this.visit_ty(input);
@@ -2516,7 +2975,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
             fn visit_lifetime(&mut self, lifetime_ref: &hir::Lifetime) {
                 if let Some(&lifetime) = self.map.defs.get(&lifetime_ref.hir_id) {
                     match lifetime {
-                        Region::LateBound(debruijn, _, _) | Region::LateBoundAnon(debruijn, _)
+                        Region::LateBound(debruijn, _, _, _)
+                        | Region::LateBoundAnon(debruijn, _, _)
                             if debruijn < self.outer_index =>
                         {
                             self.have_bound_regions = true;
@@ -2528,9 +2988,46 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                 }
             }
         }
+
+        struct GatherAnonLifetimes {
+            anon_count: u32,
+        }
+        impl<'v> Visitor<'v> for GatherAnonLifetimes {
+            type Map = intravisit::ErasedMap<'v>;
+
+            fn nested_visit_map(&mut self) -> NestedVisitorMap<Self::Map> {
+                NestedVisitorMap::None
+            }
+
+            fn visit_ty(&mut self, ty: &hir::Ty<'_>) {
+                // If we enter a `BareFn`, then we enter a *new* binding scope
+                if let hir::TyKind::BareFn(_) = ty.kind {
+                    return;
+                }
+                intravisit::walk_ty(self, ty);
+            }
+
+            fn visit_generic_args(
+                &mut self,
+                path_span: Span,
+                generic_args: &'v hir::GenericArgs<'v>,
+            ) {
+                // parenthesized args enter a new elison scope
+                if generic_args.parenthesized {
+                    return;
+                }
+                intravisit::walk_generic_args(self, path_span, generic_args)
+            }
+
+            fn visit_lifetime(&mut self, lifetime_ref: &hir::Lifetime) {
+                if lifetime_ref.is_elided() {
+                    self.anon_count += 1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
     }
 
-    fn resolve_elided_lifetimes(&mut self, lifetime_refs: Vec<&'tcx hir::Lifetime>) {
+    fn resolve_elided_lifetimes(&mut self, lifetime_refs: &[&'tcx hir::Lifetime]) {
         debug!("resolve_elided_lifetimes(lifetime_refs={:?})", lifetime_refs);
 
         if lifetime_refs.is_empty() {
@@ -2539,6 +3036,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
 
         let span = lifetime_refs[0].span;
         let mut late_depth = 0;
+        let mut in_poly_trait_ref = false;
         let mut scope = self.scope;
         let mut lifetime_names = FxHashSet::default();
         let mut lifetime_spans = vec![];
@@ -2549,7 +3047,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
 
                 Scope::Root => break None,
 
-                Scope::Binder { s, ref lifetimes, .. } => {
+                Scope::Binder { s, ref lifetimes, from_poly_trait_ref, .. } => {
                     // collect named lifetimes for suggestions
                     for name in lifetimes.keys() {
                         if let hir::ParamName::Plain(name) = name {
@@ -2557,15 +3055,31 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                             lifetime_spans.push(name.span);
                         }
                     }
-                    late_depth += 1;
+                    // See comments in `resolve_lifetime_ref`
+                    match (from_poly_trait_ref, in_poly_trait_ref) {
+                        (true, false) => {
+                            in_poly_trait_ref = true;
+                            late_depth += 1;
+                        }
+                        (true, true) => {}
+                        (false, true) => {
+                            in_poly_trait_ref = false;
+                            late_depth += 1;
+                        }
+                        (false, false) => {
+                            late_depth += 1;
+                        }
+                    }
                     scope = s;
                 }
 
                 Scope::Elision { ref elide, ref s, .. } => {
                     let lifetime = match *elide {
-                        Elide::FreshLateAnon(ref counter) => {
+                        Elide::FreshLateAnon(named_late_bound_vars, ref counter) => {
                             for lifetime_ref in lifetime_refs {
-                                let lifetime = Region::late_anon(counter).shifted(late_depth);
+                                let lifetime = Region::late_anon(named_late_bound_vars, counter)
+                                    .shifted(late_depth);
+
                                 self.insert_lifetime(lifetime_ref, lifetime);
                             }
                             return;
@@ -2602,7 +3116,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                     return;
                 }
 
-                Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { s, .. } => {
+                Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { s, .. }
+                | Scope::TraitRefHackInner { s, .. }
+                | Scope::Supertrait { s, .. } => {
                     scope = s;
                 }
             }
@@ -2708,11 +3224,25 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
     fn resolve_object_lifetime_default(&mut self, lifetime_ref: &'tcx hir::Lifetime) {
         debug!("resolve_object_lifetime_default(lifetime_ref={:?})", lifetime_ref);
         let mut late_depth = 0;
+        let mut in_poly_trait_ref = false;
         let mut scope = self.scope;
         let lifetime = loop {
             match *scope {
-                Scope::Binder { s, .. } => {
-                    late_depth += 1;
+                Scope::Binder { s, from_poly_trait_ref, .. } => {
+                    match (from_poly_trait_ref, in_poly_trait_ref) {
+                        (true, false) => {
+                            in_poly_trait_ref = true;
+                            late_depth += 1;
+                        }
+                        (true, true) => {}
+                        (false, true) => {
+                            in_poly_trait_ref = false;
+                            late_depth += 1;
+                        }
+                        (false, false) => {
+                            late_depth += 1;
+                        }
+                    }
                     scope = s;
                 }
 
@@ -2721,6 +3251,10 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                 Scope::Body { .. } | Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { lifetime: None, .. } => return,
 
                 Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { lifetime: Some(l), .. } => break l,
+
+                Scope::TraitRefHackInner { s, .. } | Scope::Supertrait { s, .. } => {
+                    scope = s;
+                }
             }
         };
         self.insert_lifetime(lifetime_ref, lifetime.shifted(late_depth));
@@ -2844,7 +3378,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
             match *old_scope {
                 Scope::Body { s, .. }
                 | Scope::Elision { s, .. }
-                | Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { s, .. } => {
+                | Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { s, .. }
+                | Scope::TraitRefHackInner { s, .. }
+                | Scope::Supertrait { s, .. } => {
                     old_scope = s;
                 }
 
@@ -2890,7 +3426,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                 // A lifetime only used in a fn argument could as well
                 // be replaced with `'_`, as that would generate a
                 // fresh name, too.
-                Scope::Elision { elide: Elide::FreshLateAnon(_), .. } => break true,
+                Scope::Elision { elide: Elide::FreshLateAnon(..), .. } => break true,
 
                 // In the return type or other such place, `'_` is not
                 // going to make a fresh name, so we cannot
@@ -2900,7 +3436,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                     elide: Elide::Exact(_) | Elide::Error(_) | Elide::Forbid, ..
                 } => break false,
 
-                Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { s, .. } => scope = s,
+                Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { s, .. }
+                | Scope::TraitRefHackInner { s, .. }
+                | Scope::Supertrait { s, .. } => scope = s,
             }
         }
     }
@@ -2919,7 +3457,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
             }
 
             Region::Free(_, def_id)
-            | Region::LateBound(_, def_id, _)
+            | Region::LateBound(_, _, def_id, _)
             | Region::EarlyBound(_, def_id, _) => {
                 // A lifetime declared by the user.
                 let track_lifetime_uses = self.track_lifetime_uses();
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/lib.rs
index 14e3d8498b0..fe5078f26bd 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/lib.rs
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #![feature(control_flow_enum)]
 #![feature(crate_visibility_modifier)]
 #![feature(format_args_capture)]
+#![feature(iter_zip)]
 #![feature(nll)]
 #![cfg_attr(bootstrap, feature(or_patterns))]
 #![recursion_limit = "256"]
@@ -25,7 +26,6 @@ use Determinacy::*;
 use rustc_arena::{DroplessArena, TypedArena};
 use rustc_ast::node_id::NodeMap;
 use rustc_ast::ptr::P;
-use rustc_ast::unwrap_or;
 use rustc_ast::visit::{self, Visitor};
 use rustc_ast::{self as ast, NodeId};
 use rustc_ast::{Crate, CRATE_NODE_ID};
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ use rustc_hir::def::Namespace::*;
 use rustc_hir::def::{self, CtorOf, DefKind, NonMacroAttrKind, PartialRes};
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{CrateNum, DefId, DefIdMap, LocalDefId, CRATE_DEF_INDEX};
 use rustc_hir::definitions::{DefKey, DefPathData, Definitions};
-use rustc_hir::{PrimTy, TraitCandidate};
+use rustc_hir::TraitCandidate;
 use rustc_index::vec::IndexVec;
 use rustc_metadata::creader::{CStore, CrateLoader};
 use rustc_middle::hir::exports::ExportMap;
@@ -108,7 +108,9 @@ enum Scope<'a> {
     DeriveHelpersCompat,
     MacroRules(MacroRulesScopeRef<'a>),
     CrateRoot,
-    Module(Module<'a>),
+    // The node ID is for reporting the `PROC_MACRO_DERIVE_RESOLUTION_FALLBACK`
+    // lint if it should be reported.
+    Module(Module<'a>, Option<NodeId>),
     RegisteredAttrs,
     MacroUsePrelude,
     BuiltinAttrs,
@@ -122,13 +124,17 @@ enum Scope<'a> {
 /// with different restrictions when looking up the resolution.
 /// This enum is currently used only for early resolution (imports and macros),
 /// but not for late resolution yet.
-enum ScopeSet {
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+enum ScopeSet<'a> {
     /// All scopes with the given namespace.
     All(Namespace, /*is_import*/ bool),
     /// Crate root, then extern prelude (used for mixed 2015-2018 mode in macros).
     AbsolutePath(Namespace),
     /// All scopes with macro namespace and the given macro kind restriction.
     Macro(MacroKind),
+    /// All scopes with the given namespace, used for partially performing late resolution.
+    /// The node id enables lints and is used for reporting them.
+    Late(Namespace, Module<'a>, Option<NodeId>),
 }
 
 /// Everything you need to know about a name's location to resolve it.
@@ -1466,7 +1472,7 @@ impl<'a> Resolver<'a> {
 
         self.visit_scopes(ScopeSet::All(TypeNS, false), parent_scope, ctxt, |this, scope, _, _| {
             match scope {
-                Scope::Module(module) => {
+                Scope::Module(module, _) => {
                     this.traits_in_module(module, assoc_item, &mut found_traits);
                 }
                 Scope::StdLibPrelude => {
@@ -1630,7 +1636,7 @@ impl<'a> Resolver<'a> {
     /// If the callback returns `Some` result, we stop visiting scopes and return it.
     fn visit_scopes<T>(
         &mut self,
-        scope_set: ScopeSet,
+        scope_set: ScopeSet<'a>,
         parent_scope: &ParentScope<'a>,
         ctxt: SyntaxContext,
         mut visitor: impl FnMut(
@@ -1686,12 +1692,17 @@ impl<'a> Resolver<'a> {
             ScopeSet::All(ns, _) => (ns, None, false),
             ScopeSet::AbsolutePath(ns) => (ns, None, true),
             ScopeSet::Macro(macro_kind) => (MacroNS, Some(macro_kind), false),
+            ScopeSet::Late(ns, ..) => (ns, None, false),
+        };
+        let module = match scope_set {
+            // Start with the specified module.
+            ScopeSet::Late(_, module, _) => module,
+            // Jump out of trait or enum modules, they do not act as scopes.
+            _ => parent_scope.module.nearest_item_scope(),
         };
-        // Jump out of trait or enum modules, they do not act as scopes.
-        let module = parent_scope.module.nearest_item_scope();
         let mut scope = match ns {
             _ if is_absolute_path => Scope::CrateRoot,
-            TypeNS | ValueNS => Scope::Module(module),
+            TypeNS | ValueNS => Scope::Module(module, None),
             MacroNS => Scope::DeriveHelpers(parent_scope.expansion),
         };
         let mut ctxt = ctxt.normalize_to_macros_2_0();
@@ -1756,7 +1767,7 @@ impl<'a> Resolver<'a> {
                     MacroRulesScope::Invocation(invoc_id) => {
                         Scope::MacroRules(self.invocation_parent_scopes[&invoc_id].macro_rules)
                     }
-                    MacroRulesScope::Empty => Scope::Module(module),
+                    MacroRulesScope::Empty => Scope::Module(module, None),
                 },
                 Scope::CrateRoot => match ns {
                     TypeNS => {
@@ -1765,10 +1776,16 @@ impl<'a> Resolver<'a> {
                     }
                     ValueNS | MacroNS => break,
                 },
-                Scope::Module(module) => {
+                Scope::Module(module, prev_lint_id) => {
                     use_prelude = !module.no_implicit_prelude;
-                    match self.hygienic_lexical_parent(module, &mut ctxt) {
-                        Some(parent_module) => Scope::Module(parent_module),
+                    let derive_fallback_lint_id = match scope_set {
+                        ScopeSet::Late(.., lint_id) => lint_id,
+                        _ => None,
+                    };
+                    match self.hygienic_lexical_parent(module, &mut ctxt, derive_fallback_lint_id) {
+                        Some((parent_module, lint_id)) => {
+                            Scope::Module(parent_module, lint_id.or(prev_lint_id))
+                        }
                         None => {
                             ctxt.adjust(ExpnId::root());
                             match ns {
@@ -1824,6 +1841,7 @@ impl<'a> Resolver<'a> {
         ribs: &[Rib<'a>],
     ) -> Option<LexicalScopeBinding<'a>> {
         assert!(ns == TypeNS || ns == ValueNS);
+        let orig_ident = ident;
         if ident.name == kw::Empty {
             return Some(LexicalScopeBinding::Res(Res::Err));
         }
@@ -1873,135 +1891,49 @@ impl<'a> Resolver<'a> {
                 _ => continue,
             };
 
-            let item = self.resolve_ident_in_module_unadjusted(
-                ModuleOrUniformRoot::Module(module),
-                ident,
-                ns,
-                parent_scope,
-                record_used,
-                path_span,
-            );
-            if let Ok(binding) = item {
-                // The ident resolves to an item.
-                return Some(LexicalScopeBinding::Item(binding));
-            }
-
             match module.kind {
                 ModuleKind::Block(..) => {} // We can see through blocks
                 _ => break,
             }
-        }
 
-        ident = normalized_ident;
-        let mut poisoned = None;
-        loop {
-            let mut span_data = ident.span.data();
-            let opt_module = if let Some(node_id) = record_used_id {
-                self.hygienic_lexical_parent_with_compatibility_fallback(
-                    module,
-                    &mut span_data.ctxt,
-                    node_id,
-                    &mut poisoned,
-                )
-            } else {
-                self.hygienic_lexical_parent(module, &mut span_data.ctxt)
-            };
-            ident.span = span_data.span();
-            module = unwrap_or!(opt_module, break);
-            let adjusted_parent_scope = &ParentScope { module, ..*parent_scope };
-            let result = self.resolve_ident_in_module_unadjusted(
+            let item = self.resolve_ident_in_module_unadjusted(
                 ModuleOrUniformRoot::Module(module),
                 ident,
                 ns,
-                adjusted_parent_scope,
+                parent_scope,
                 record_used,
                 path_span,
             );
-
-            match result {
-                Ok(binding) => {
-                    if let Some(node_id) = poisoned {
-                        self.lint_buffer.buffer_lint_with_diagnostic(
-                            lint::builtin::PROC_MACRO_DERIVE_RESOLUTION_FALLBACK,
-                            node_id,
-                            ident.span,
-                            &format!("cannot find {} `{}` in this scope", ns.descr(), ident),
-                            BuiltinLintDiagnostics::ProcMacroDeriveResolutionFallback(ident.span),
-                        );
-                    }
-                    return Some(LexicalScopeBinding::Item(binding));
-                }
-                Err(Determined) => continue,
-                Err(Undetermined) => {
-                    span_bug!(ident.span, "undetermined resolution during main resolution pass")
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        if !module.no_implicit_prelude {
-            ident.span.adjust(ExpnId::root());
-            if ns == TypeNS {
-                if let Some(binding) = self.extern_prelude_get(ident, !record_used) {
-                    return Some(LexicalScopeBinding::Item(binding));
-                }
-                if let Some(ident) = self.registered_tools.get(&ident) {
-                    let binding =
-                        (Res::ToolMod, ty::Visibility::Public, ident.span, ExpnId::root())
-                            .to_name_binding(self.arenas);
-                    return Some(LexicalScopeBinding::Item(binding));
-                }
-            }
-            if let Some(prelude) = self.prelude {
-                if let Ok(binding) = self.resolve_ident_in_module_unadjusted(
-                    ModuleOrUniformRoot::Module(prelude),
-                    ident,
-                    ns,
-                    parent_scope,
-                    false,
-                    path_span,
-                ) {
-                    return Some(LexicalScopeBinding::Item(binding));
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        if ns == TypeNS {
-            if let Some(prim_ty) = PrimTy::from_name(ident.name) {
-                let binding =
-                    (Res::PrimTy(prim_ty), ty::Visibility::Public, DUMMY_SP, ExpnId::root())
-                        .to_name_binding(self.arenas);
+            if let Ok(binding) = item {
+                // The ident resolves to an item.
                 return Some(LexicalScopeBinding::Item(binding));
             }
         }
 
-        None
+        self.early_resolve_ident_in_lexical_scope(
+            orig_ident,
+            ScopeSet::Late(ns, module, record_used_id),
+            parent_scope,
+            record_used,
+            record_used,
+            path_span,
+        )
+        .ok()
+        .map(LexicalScopeBinding::Item)
     }
 
     fn hygienic_lexical_parent(
         &mut self,
         module: Module<'a>,
         ctxt: &mut SyntaxContext,
-    ) -> Option<Module<'a>> {
+        derive_fallback_lint_id: Option<NodeId>,
+    ) -> Option<(Module<'a>, Option<NodeId>)> {
         if !module.expansion.outer_expn_is_descendant_of(*ctxt) {
-            return Some(self.macro_def_scope(ctxt.remove_mark()));
+            return Some((self.macro_def_scope(ctxt.remove_mark()), None));
         }
 
         if let ModuleKind::Block(..) = module.kind {
-            return Some(module.parent.unwrap().nearest_item_scope());
-        }
-
-        None
-    }
-
-    fn hygienic_lexical_parent_with_compatibility_fallback(
-        &mut self,
-        module: Module<'a>,
-        ctxt: &mut SyntaxContext,
-        node_id: NodeId,
-        poisoned: &mut Option<NodeId>,
-    ) -> Option<Module<'a>> {
-        if let module @ Some(..) = self.hygienic_lexical_parent(module, ctxt) {
-            return module;
+            return Some((module.parent.unwrap().nearest_item_scope(), None));
         }
 
         // We need to support the next case under a deprecation warning
@@ -2015,20 +1947,21 @@ impl<'a> Resolver<'a> {
         // ---- end
         // ```
         // So we have to fall back to the module's parent during lexical resolution in this case.
-        if let Some(parent) = module.parent {
-            // Inner module is inside the macro, parent module is outside of the macro.
-            if module.expansion != parent.expansion
-                && module.expansion.is_descendant_of(parent.expansion)
-            {
-                // The macro is a proc macro derive
-                if let Some(def_id) = module.expansion.expn_data().macro_def_id {
-                    let ext = self.get_macro_by_def_id(def_id);
-                    if ext.builtin_name.is_none()
-                        && ext.macro_kind() == MacroKind::Derive
-                        && parent.expansion.outer_expn_is_descendant_of(*ctxt)
-                    {
-                        *poisoned = Some(node_id);
-                        return module.parent;
+        if derive_fallback_lint_id.is_some() {
+            if let Some(parent) = module.parent {
+                // Inner module is inside the macro, parent module is outside of the macro.
+                if module.expansion != parent.expansion
+                    && module.expansion.is_descendant_of(parent.expansion)
+                {
+                    // The macro is a proc macro derive
+                    if let Some(def_id) = module.expansion.expn_data().macro_def_id {
+                        let ext = self.get_macro_by_def_id(def_id);
+                        if ext.builtin_name.is_none()
+                            && ext.macro_kind() == MacroKind::Derive
+                            && parent.expansion.outer_expn_is_descendant_of(*ctxt)
+                        {
+                            return Some((parent, derive_fallback_lint_id));
+                        }
                     }
                 }
             }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/macros.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/macros.rs
index 2efce1e1984..d238f65c941 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/macros.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/macros.rs
@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ use rustc_hir::def_id;
 use rustc_hir::PrimTy;
 use rustc_middle::middle::stability;
 use rustc_middle::ty;
-use rustc_session::lint::builtin::{LEGACY_DERIVE_HELPERS, SOFT_UNSTABLE, UNUSED_MACROS};
+use rustc_session::lint::builtin::{LEGACY_DERIVE_HELPERS, PROC_MACRO_DERIVE_RESOLUTION_FALLBACK};
+use rustc_session::lint::builtin::{SOFT_UNSTABLE, UNUSED_MACROS};
 use rustc_session::lint::BuiltinLintDiagnostics;
 use rustc_session::parse::feature_err;
 use rustc_session::Session;
@@ -642,7 +643,7 @@ impl<'a> Resolver<'a> {
     crate fn early_resolve_ident_in_lexical_scope(
         &mut self,
         orig_ident: Ident,
-        scope_set: ScopeSet,
+        scope_set: ScopeSet<'a>,
         parent_scope: &ParentScope<'a>,
         record_used: bool,
         force: bool,
@@ -669,6 +670,7 @@ impl<'a> Resolver<'a> {
             ScopeSet::All(ns, is_import) => (ns, None, is_import),
             ScopeSet::AbsolutePath(ns) => (ns, None, false),
             ScopeSet::Macro(macro_kind) => (MacroNS, Some(macro_kind), false),
+            ScopeSet::Late(ns, ..) => (ns, None, false),
         };
 
         // This is *the* result, resolution from the scope closest to the resolved identifier.
@@ -777,19 +779,34 @@ impl<'a> Resolver<'a> {
                             Err((Determinacy::Determined, _)) => Err(Determinacy::Determined),
                         }
                     }
-                    Scope::Module(module) => {
+                    Scope::Module(module, derive_fallback_lint_id) => {
                         let adjusted_parent_scope = &ParentScope { module, ..*parent_scope };
                         let binding = this.resolve_ident_in_module_unadjusted_ext(
                             ModuleOrUniformRoot::Module(module),
                             ident,
                             ns,
                             adjusted_parent_scope,
-                            true,
+                            !matches!(scope_set, ScopeSet::Late(..)),
                             record_used,
                             path_span,
                         );
                         match binding {
                             Ok(binding) => {
+                                if let Some(lint_id) = derive_fallback_lint_id {
+                                    this.lint_buffer.buffer_lint_with_diagnostic(
+                                        PROC_MACRO_DERIVE_RESOLUTION_FALLBACK,
+                                        lint_id,
+                                        orig_ident.span,
+                                        &format!(
+                                            "cannot find {} `{}` in this scope",
+                                            ns.descr(),
+                                            ident
+                                        ),
+                                        BuiltinLintDiagnostics::ProcMacroDeriveResolutionFallback(
+                                            orig_ident.span,
+                                        ),
+                                    );
+                                }
                                 let misc_flags = if ptr::eq(module, this.graph_root) {
                                     Flags::MISC_SUGGEST_CRATE
                                 } else if module.is_normal() {
@@ -873,7 +890,7 @@ impl<'a> Resolver<'a> {
                     Ok((binding, flags))
                         if sub_namespace_match(binding.macro_kind(), macro_kind) =>
                     {
-                        if !record_used {
+                        if !record_used || matches!(scope_set, ScopeSet::Late(..)) {
                             return Some(Ok(binding));
                         }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_save_analysis/src/dump_visitor.rs b/compiler/rustc_save_analysis/src/dump_visitor.rs
index 65f16ff45a1..12c77e0c8a6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_save_analysis/src/dump_visitor.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_save_analysis/src/dump_visitor.rs
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ impl<'tcx> DumpVisitor<'tcx> {
             },
             crate_root: crate_root.unwrap_or_else(|| "<no source>".to_owned()),
             external_crates: self.save_ctxt.get_external_crates(),
-            span: self.span_from_span(krate.item.span),
+            span: self.span_from_span(krate.item.inner),
         };
 
         self.dumper.crate_prelude(data);
@@ -1097,16 +1097,11 @@ impl<'tcx> DumpVisitor<'tcx> {
             format!("::{}", self.tcx.def_path_str(self.tcx.hir().local_def_id(id).to_def_id()));
 
         let sm = self.tcx.sess.source_map();
-        let filename = sm.span_to_filename(krate.item.span);
+        let filename = sm.span_to_filename(krate.item.inner);
         let data_id = id_from_hir_id(id, &self.save_ctxt);
-        let children = krate
-            .item
-            .module
-            .item_ids
-            .iter()
-            .map(|i| id_from_def_id(i.def_id.to_def_id()))
-            .collect();
-        let span = self.span_from_span(krate.item.span);
+        let children =
+            krate.item.item_ids.iter().map(|i| id_from_def_id(i.def_id.to_def_id())).collect();
+        let span = self.span_from_span(krate.item.inner);
         let attrs = self.tcx.hir().attrs(id);
 
         self.dumper.dump_def(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_save_analysis/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_save_analysis/src/lib.rs
index 13d613132c0..c19c16b88a7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_save_analysis/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_save_analysis/src/lib.rs
@@ -516,19 +516,6 @@ impl<'tcx> SaveContext<'tcx> {
         })
     }
 
-    pub fn get_trait_ref_data(&self, trait_ref: &hir::TraitRef<'_>) -> Option<Ref> {
-        self.lookup_def_id(trait_ref.hir_ref_id).and_then(|def_id| {
-            let span = trait_ref.path.span;
-            if generated_code(span) {
-                return None;
-            }
-            let sub_span = trait_ref.path.segments.last().unwrap().ident.span;
-            filter!(self.span_utils, sub_span);
-            let span = self.span_from_span(sub_span);
-            Some(Ref { kind: RefKind::Type, span, ref_id: id_from_def_id(def_id) })
-        })
-    }
-
     pub fn get_expr_data(&self, expr: &hir::Expr<'_>) -> Option<Data> {
         let ty = self.typeck_results().expr_ty_adjusted_opt(expr)?;
         if matches!(ty.kind(), ty::Error(_)) {
@@ -784,7 +771,10 @@ impl<'tcx> SaveContext<'tcx> {
     /// For a given piece of AST defined by the supplied Span and NodeId,
     /// returns `None` if the node is not macro-generated or the span is malformed,
     /// else uses the expansion callsite and callee to return some MacroRef.
-    pub fn get_macro_use_data(&self, span: Span) -> Option<MacroRef> {
+    ///
+    /// FIXME: [`DumpVisitor::process_macro_use`] should actually dump this data
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    fn get_macro_use_data(&self, span: Span) -> Option<MacroRef> {
         if !generated_code(span) {
             return None;
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_session/src/config.rs b/compiler/rustc_session/src/config.rs
index 3d69943e889..3692219cb6d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_session/src/config.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_session/src/config.rs
@@ -505,6 +505,7 @@ impl<'a> From<&'a ExternDepSpec> for rustc_lint_defs::ExternDepSpec {
 }
 
 impl Externs {
+    /// Used for testing.
     pub fn new(data: BTreeMap<String, ExternEntry>) -> Externs {
         Externs(data)
     }
@@ -604,13 +605,6 @@ impl Input {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn get_input(&mut self) -> Option<&mut String> {
-        match *self {
-            Input::File(_) => None,
-            Input::Str { ref mut input, .. } => Some(input),
-        }
-    }
-
     pub fn source_name(&self) -> FileName {
         match *self {
             Input::File(ref ifile) => ifile.clone().into(),
@@ -778,12 +772,6 @@ impl Options {
             || self.debugging_opts.query_dep_graph
     }
 
-    #[inline(always)]
-    pub fn enable_dep_node_debug_strs(&self) -> bool {
-        cfg!(debug_assertions)
-            && (self.debugging_opts.query_dep_graph || self.debugging_opts.incremental_info)
-    }
-
     pub fn file_path_mapping(&self) -> FilePathMapping {
         FilePathMapping::new(self.remap_path_prefix.clone())
     }
@@ -965,7 +953,7 @@ pub fn build_target_config(opts: &Options, target_override: Option<Target>) -> T
             opts.error_format,
             &format!(
                 "Error loading target specification: {}. \
-            Use `--print target-list` for a list of built-in targets",
+                 Run `rustc --print target-list` for a list of built-in targets",
                 e
             ),
         )
@@ -1060,9 +1048,6 @@ mod opt {
     pub fn flag_s(a: S, b: S, c: S) -> R {
         stable(longer(a, b), move |opts| opts.optflag(a, b, c))
     }
-    pub fn flagopt_s(a: S, b: S, c: S, d: S) -> R {
-        stable(longer(a, b), move |opts| opts.optflagopt(a, b, c, d))
-    }
     pub fn flagmulti_s(a: S, b: S, c: S) -> R {
         stable(longer(a, b), move |opts| opts.optflagmulti(a, b, c))
     }
@@ -1073,15 +1058,6 @@ mod opt {
     pub fn multi(a: S, b: S, c: S, d: S) -> R {
         unstable(longer(a, b), move |opts| opts.optmulti(a, b, c, d))
     }
-    pub fn flag(a: S, b: S, c: S) -> R {
-        unstable(longer(a, b), move |opts| opts.optflag(a, b, c))
-    }
-    pub fn flagopt(a: S, b: S, c: S, d: S) -> R {
-        unstable(longer(a, b), move |opts| opts.optflagopt(a, b, c, d))
-    }
-    pub fn flagmulti(a: S, b: S, c: S) -> R {
-        unstable(longer(a, b), move |opts| opts.optflagmulti(a, b, c))
-    }
 }
 
 /// Returns the "short" subset of the rustc command line options,
@@ -2459,7 +2435,7 @@ crate mod dep_tracking {
     }
 
     // This is a stable hash because BTreeMap is a sorted container
-    pub fn stable_hash(
+    crate fn stable_hash(
         sub_hashes: BTreeMap<&'static str, &dyn DepTrackingHash>,
         hasher: &mut DefaultHasher,
         error_format: ErrorOutputType,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_session/src/options.rs b/compiler/rustc_session/src/options.rs
index e071c58d1cd..e50972e59a7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_session/src/options.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_session/src/options.rs
@@ -906,8 +906,6 @@ options! {DebuggingOptions, DebuggingSetter, basic_debugging_options,
         (default: no)"),
     borrowck: String = ("migrate".to_string(), parse_string, [UNTRACKED],
         "select which borrowck is used (`mir` or `migrate`) (default: `migrate`)"),
-    borrowck_stats: bool = (false, parse_bool, [UNTRACKED],
-        "gather borrowck statistics (default: no)"),
     cgu_partitioning_strategy: Option<String> = (None, parse_opt_string, [TRACKED],
         "the codegen unit partitioning strategy to use"),
     chalk: bool = (false, parse_bool, [TRACKED],
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_session/src/parse.rs b/compiler/rustc_session/src/parse.rs
index 592773bfe1b..65d5d96aba1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_session/src/parse.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_session/src/parse.rs
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ pub struct ParseSess {
 }
 
 impl ParseSess {
+    /// Used for testing.
     pub fn new(file_path_mapping: FilePathMapping) -> Self {
         let sm = Lrc::new(SourceMap::new(file_path_mapping));
         let handler = Handler::with_tty_emitter(ColorConfig::Auto, true, None, Some(sm.clone()));
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_session/src/session.rs b/compiler/rustc_session/src/session.rs
index ca9214c03a8..693f427d7af 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_session/src/session.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_session/src/session.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use rustc_errors::annotate_snippet_emitter_writer::AnnotateSnippetEmitterWriter;
 use rustc_errors::emitter::{Emitter, EmitterWriter, HumanReadableErrorType};
 use rustc_errors::json::JsonEmitter;
 use rustc_errors::registry::Registry;
-use rustc_errors::{Applicability, Diagnostic, DiagnosticBuilder, DiagnosticId, ErrorReported};
+use rustc_errors::{Diagnostic, DiagnosticBuilder, DiagnosticId, ErrorReported};
 use rustc_lint_defs::FutureBreakage;
 pub use rustc_span::crate_disambiguator::CrateDisambiguator;
 use rustc_span::edition::Edition;
@@ -241,8 +241,7 @@ pub struct PerfStats {
 enum DiagnosticBuilderMethod {
     Note,
     SpanNote,
-    SpanSuggestion(String), // suggestion
-                            // Add more variants as needed to support one-time diagnostics.
+    // Add more variants as needed to support one-time diagnostics.
 }
 
 /// Trait implemented by error types. This should not be implemented manually. Instead, use
@@ -551,15 +550,6 @@ impl Session {
                     let span = span_maybe.expect("`span_note` needs a span");
                     diag_builder.span_note(span, message);
                 }
-                DiagnosticBuilderMethod::SpanSuggestion(suggestion) => {
-                    let span = span_maybe.expect("`span_suggestion_*` needs a span");
-                    diag_builder.span_suggestion(
-                        span,
-                        message,
-                        suggestion,
-                        Applicability::Unspecified,
-                    );
-                }
             }
         }
     }
@@ -589,23 +579,6 @@ impl Session {
         self.diag_once(diag_builder, DiagnosticBuilderMethod::Note, msg_id, message, None);
     }
 
-    pub fn diag_span_suggestion_once<'a, 'b>(
-        &'a self,
-        diag_builder: &'b mut DiagnosticBuilder<'a>,
-        msg_id: DiagnosticMessageId,
-        span: Span,
-        message: &str,
-        suggestion: String,
-    ) {
-        self.diag_once(
-            diag_builder,
-            DiagnosticBuilderMethod::SpanSuggestion(suggestion),
-            msg_id,
-            message,
-            Some(span),
-        );
-    }
-
     #[inline]
     pub fn source_map(&self) -> &SourceMap {
         self.parse_sess.source_map()
@@ -631,9 +604,6 @@ impl Session {
     pub fn verify_llvm_ir(&self) -> bool {
         self.opts.debugging_opts.verify_llvm_ir || option_env!("RUSTC_VERIFY_LLVM_IR").is_some()
     }
-    pub fn borrowck_stats(&self) -> bool {
-        self.opts.debugging_opts.borrowck_stats
-    }
     pub fn print_llvm_passes(&self) -> bool {
         self.opts.debugging_opts.print_llvm_passes
     }
@@ -890,22 +860,6 @@ impl Session {
         )
     }
 
-    pub fn set_incr_session_load_dep_graph(&self, load: bool) {
-        let mut incr_comp_session = self.incr_comp_session.borrow_mut();
-
-        if let IncrCompSession::Active { ref mut load_dep_graph, .. } = *incr_comp_session {
-            *load_dep_graph = load;
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn incr_session_load_dep_graph(&self) -> bool {
-        let incr_comp_session = self.incr_comp_session.borrow();
-        match *incr_comp_session {
-            IncrCompSession::Active { load_dep_graph, .. } => load_dep_graph,
-            _ => false,
-        }
-    }
-
     pub fn init_incr_comp_session(
         &self,
         session_dir: PathBuf,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_span/src/def_id.rs b/compiler/rustc_span/src/def_id.rs
index 885f30ebb4e..95bb0ad7ba2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_span/src/def_id.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_span/src/def_id.rs
@@ -160,6 +160,8 @@ impl DefPathHash {
     }
 
     /// Returns the crate-local part of the [DefPathHash].
+    ///
+    /// Used for tests.
     #[inline]
     pub fn local_hash(&self) -> u64 {
         self.0.as_value().1
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_span/src/hygiene.rs b/compiler/rustc_span/src/hygiene.rs
index eb5b7c4a74a..6805d4f2890 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_span/src/hygiene.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_span/src/hygiene.rs
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ pub fn update_dollar_crate_names(mut get_name: impl FnMut(SyntaxContext) -> Symb
     let names: Vec<_> =
         range_to_update.clone().map(|idx| get_name(SyntaxContext::from_u32(idx as u32))).collect();
     HygieneData::with(|data| {
-        range_to_update.zip(names.into_iter()).for_each(|(idx, name)| {
+        range_to_update.zip(names).for_each(|(idx, name)| {
             data.syntax_context_data[idx].dollar_crate_name = name;
         })
     })
@@ -1176,11 +1176,7 @@ pub fn decode_syntax_context<
     Ok(new_ctxt)
 }
 
-pub fn num_syntax_ctxts() -> usize {
-    HygieneData::with(|data| data.syntax_context_data.len())
-}
-
-pub fn for_all_ctxts_in<E, F: FnMut((u32, SyntaxContext, &SyntaxContextData)) -> Result<(), E>>(
+fn for_all_ctxts_in<E, F: FnMut((u32, SyntaxContext, &SyntaxContextData)) -> Result<(), E>>(
     ctxts: impl Iterator<Item = SyntaxContext>,
     mut f: F,
 ) -> Result<(), E> {
@@ -1193,7 +1189,7 @@ pub fn for_all_ctxts_in<E, F: FnMut((u32, SyntaxContext, &SyntaxContextData)) ->
     Ok(())
 }
 
-pub fn for_all_expns_in<E, F: FnMut(u32, ExpnId, &ExpnData) -> Result<(), E>>(
+fn for_all_expns_in<E, F: FnMut(u32, ExpnId, &ExpnData) -> Result<(), E>>(
     expns: impl Iterator<Item = ExpnId>,
     mut f: F,
 ) -> Result<(), E> {
@@ -1206,16 +1202,6 @@ pub fn for_all_expns_in<E, F: FnMut(u32, ExpnId, &ExpnData) -> Result<(), E>>(
     Ok(())
 }
 
-pub fn for_all_data<E, F: FnMut((u32, SyntaxContext, &SyntaxContextData)) -> Result<(), E>>(
-    mut f: F,
-) -> Result<(), E> {
-    let all_data = HygieneData::with(|data| data.syntax_context_data.clone());
-    for (i, data) in all_data.into_iter().enumerate() {
-        f((i as u32, SyntaxContext(i as u32), &data))?;
-    }
-    Ok(())
-}
-
 impl<E: Encoder> Encodable<E> for ExpnId {
     default fn encode(&self, _: &mut E) -> Result<(), E::Error> {
         panic!("cannot encode `ExpnId` with `{}`", std::any::type_name::<E>());
@@ -1228,14 +1214,6 @@ impl<D: Decoder> Decodable<D> for ExpnId {
     }
 }
 
-pub fn for_all_expn_data<E, F: FnMut(u32, &ExpnData) -> Result<(), E>>(mut f: F) -> Result<(), E> {
-    let all_data = HygieneData::with(|data| data.expn_data.clone());
-    for (i, data) in all_data.into_iter().enumerate() {
-        f(i as u32, &data.unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("Missing ExpnData!")))?;
-    }
-    Ok(())
-}
-
 pub fn raw_encode_syntax_context<E: Encoder>(
     ctxt: SyntaxContext,
     context: &HygieneEncodeContext,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_span/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_span/src/lib.rs
index d2790335b5a..6f6ff37c525 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_span/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_span/src/lib.rs
@@ -1037,10 +1037,6 @@ pub enum ExternalSourceKind {
 }
 
 impl ExternalSource {
-    pub fn is_absent(&self) -> bool {
-        !matches!(self, ExternalSource::Foreign { kind: ExternalSourceKind::Present(_), .. })
-    }
-
     pub fn get_source(&self) -> Option<&Lrc<String>> {
         match self {
             ExternalSource::Foreign { kind: ExternalSourceKind::Present(ref src), .. } => Some(src),
@@ -1433,9 +1429,6 @@ impl SourceFile {
         self.src.is_none()
     }
 
-    pub fn byte_length(&self) -> u32 {
-        self.end_pos.0 - self.start_pos.0
-    }
     pub fn count_lines(&self) -> usize {
         self.lines.len()
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs b/compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs
index 116519855d7..c5f929ab183 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs
@@ -477,6 +477,7 @@ symbols! {
         doc_cfg,
         doc_keyword,
         doc_masked,
+        doc_notable_trait,
         doc_spotlight,
         doctest,
         document_private_items,
@@ -801,6 +802,7 @@ symbols! {
         noreturn,
         nostack,
         not,
+        notable_trait,
         note,
         object_safe_for_dispatch,
         of,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/legacy.rs b/compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/legacy.rs
index b0d5f340902..7d186c330ba 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/legacy.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/legacy.rs
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ impl Printer<'tcx> for SymbolPrinter<'tcx> {
 
     fn print_dyn_existential(
         mut self,
-        predicates: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
+        predicates: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
     ) -> Result<Self::DynExistential, Self::Error> {
         let mut first = true;
         for p in predicates {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/v0.rs b/compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/v0.rs
index 12c0a147990..37a834043f6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/v0.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/v0.rs
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ impl SymbolMangler<'tcx> {
 
     fn in_binder<T>(
         mut self,
-        value: &ty::Binder<T>,
+        value: &ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
         print_value: impl FnOnce(Self, &T) -> Result<Self, !>,
     ) -> Result<Self, !>
     where
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ impl Printer<'tcx> for SymbolMangler<'tcx> {
 
             // Late-bound lifetimes use indices starting at 1,
             // see `BinderLevel` for more details.
-            ty::ReLateBound(debruijn, ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrAnon(i) }) => {
+            ty::ReLateBound(debruijn, ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrAnon(i), .. }) => {
                 let binder = &self.binders[self.binders.len() - 1 - debruijn.index()];
                 let depth = binder.lifetime_depths.start + i;
 
@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ impl Printer<'tcx> for SymbolMangler<'tcx> {
 
     fn print_dyn_existential(
         mut self,
-        predicates: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
+        predicates: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
     ) -> Result<Self::DynExistential, Self::Error> {
         for predicate in predicates {
             self = self.in_binder(&predicate, |mut cx, predicate| {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/android_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/android_base.rs
index c7d2f2329ee..aaf81648c51 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/android_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/android_base.rs
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
     // Many of the symbols defined in compiler-rt are also defined in libgcc.
     // Android's linker doesn't like that by default.
     base.pre_link_args
-        .get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc)
-        .unwrap()
+        .entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc)
+        .or_default()
         .push("-Wl,--allow-multiple-definition".to_string());
     base.dwarf_version = Some(2);
     base.position_independent_executables = true;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_linux_androideabi.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_linux_androideabi.rs
index 9aa378a8018..02a1191463e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_linux_androideabi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv7_linux_androideabi.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::android_base::opts();
     base.features = "+v7,+thumb-mode,+thumb2,+vfp3,-d32,-neon".to_string();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap().push("-march=armv7-a".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-march=armv7-a".to_string());
 
     Target {
         llvm_target: "armv7-none-linux-android".to_string(),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/avr_gnu_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/avr_gnu_base.rs
index 67a7684da2c..df4389b8165 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/avr_gnu_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/avr_gnu_base.rs
@@ -21,22 +21,9 @@ pub fn target(target_cpu: String) -> Target {
             has_rpath: false,
             position_independent_executables: false,
             eh_frame_header: false,
-            pre_link_args: vec![(
-                LinkerFlavor::Gcc,
-                vec![
-                    format!("-mmcu={}", target_cpu),
-                    // We want to be able to strip as much executable code as possible
-                    // from the linker command line, and this flag indicates to the
-                    // linker that it can avoid linking in dynamic libraries that don't
-                    // actually satisfy any symbols up to that point (as with many other
-                    // resolutions the linker does). This option only applies to all
-                    // following libraries so we're sure to pass it as one of the first
-                    // arguments.
-                    "-Wl,--as-needed".to_string(),
-                ],
-            )]
-            .into_iter()
-            .collect(),
+            pre_link_args: vec![(LinkerFlavor::Gcc, vec![format!("-mmcu={}", target_cpu)])]
+                .into_iter()
+                .collect(),
             late_link_args: vec![(LinkerFlavor::Gcc, vec!["-lgcc".to_owned()])]
                 .into_iter()
                 .collect(),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/dragonfly_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/dragonfly_base.rs
index b96de7ab1ed..dd017098782 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/dragonfly_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/dragonfly_base.rs
@@ -1,20 +1,6 @@
-use crate::spec::{LinkArgs, LinkerFlavor, RelroLevel, TargetOptions};
+use crate::spec::{RelroLevel, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
-    let mut args = LinkArgs::new();
-    args.insert(
-        LinkerFlavor::Gcc,
-        vec![
-            // GNU-style linkers will use this to omit linking to libraries
-            // which don't actually fulfill any relocations, but only for
-            // libraries which follow this flag.  Thus, use it before
-            // specifying libraries to link to.
-            "-Wl,--as-needed".to_string(),
-            // Always enable NX protection when it is available
-            "-Wl,-z,noexecstack".to_string(),
-        ],
-    );
-
     TargetOptions {
         os: "dragonfly".to_string(),
         dynamic_linking: true,
@@ -22,7 +8,6 @@ pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
         os_family: Some("unix".to_string()),
         linker_is_gnu: true,
         has_rpath: true,
-        pre_link_args: args,
         position_independent_executables: true,
         relro_level: RelroLevel::Full,
         dwarf_version: Some(2),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/freebsd_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/freebsd_base.rs
index c70c492716b..ad3383cc5f2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/freebsd_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/freebsd_base.rs
@@ -1,20 +1,6 @@
-use crate::spec::{LinkArgs, LinkerFlavor, RelroLevel, TargetOptions};
+use crate::spec::{RelroLevel, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
-    let mut args = LinkArgs::new();
-    args.insert(
-        LinkerFlavor::Gcc,
-        vec![
-            // GNU-style linkers will use this to omit linking to libraries
-            // which don't actually fulfill any relocations, but only for
-            // libraries which follow this flag.  Thus, use it before
-            // specifying libraries to link to.
-            "-Wl,--as-needed".to_string(),
-            // Always enable NX protection when it is available
-            "-Wl,-z,noexecstack".to_string(),
-        ],
-    );
-
     TargetOptions {
         os: "freebsd".to_string(),
         dynamic_linking: true,
@@ -22,7 +8,6 @@ pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
         os_family: Some("unix".to_string()),
         linker_is_gnu: true,
         has_rpath: true,
-        pre_link_args: args,
         position_independent_executables: true,
         eliminate_frame_pointer: false, // FIXME 43575
         relro_level: RelroLevel::Full,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_pc_windows_gnu.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_pc_windows_gnu.rs
index 4979a5b3bc8..7002d88c512 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_pc_windows_gnu.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_pc_windows_gnu.rs
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     // Mark all dynamic libraries and executables as compatible with the larger 4GiB address
     // space available to x86 Windows binaries on x86_64.
     base.pre_link_args
-        .get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc)
-        .unwrap()
+        .entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc)
+        .or_default()
         .push("-Wl,--large-address-aware".to_string());
 
     Target {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_pc_windows_msvc.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_pc_windows_msvc.rs
index e7a5643eaaa..74074cfb5dd 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_pc_windows_msvc.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_pc_windows_msvc.rs
@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
         // https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/build/reference/safeseh-image-has-safe-exception-handlers
         "/SAFESEH".to_string(),
     ];
-    base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Msvc).unwrap().extend(pre_link_args_msvc.clone());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Msvc).or_default().extend(pre_link_args_msvc.clone());
     base.pre_link_args
-        .get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Link))
-        .unwrap()
+        .entry(LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Link))
+        .or_default()
         .extend(pre_link_args_msvc);
 
     Target {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_freebsd.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_freebsd.rs
index fc425babb69..a26cabdc90a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_freebsd.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_freebsd.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::freebsd_base::opts();
     base.cpu = "pentium4".to_string();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    let pre_link_args = base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap();
+    let pre_link_args = base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default();
     pre_link_args.push("-m32".to_string());
     pre_link_args.push("-Wl,-znotext".to_string());
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::InlineOrCall { min_llvm_version_for_inline: (11, 0, 1) };
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_linux_gnu.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
index fe1e6a4299d..633e8da0ccb 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::linux_gnu_base::opts();
     base.cpu = "pentium4".to_string();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap().push("-m32".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m32".to_string());
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::InlineOrCall { min_llvm_version_for_inline: (11, 0, 1) };
 
     Target {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_linux_musl.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_linux_musl.rs
index 623fd1b9ae8..8bcd261e4df 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_linux_musl.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_linux_musl.rs
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::linux_musl_base::opts();
     base.cpu = "pentium4".to_string();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap().push("-m32".to_string());
-    base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap().push("-Wl,-melf_i386".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m32".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-Wl,-melf_i386".to_string());
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::InlineOrCall { min_llvm_version_for_inline: (11, 0, 1) };
 
     // The unwinder used by i686-unknown-linux-musl, the LLVM libunwind
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_netbsd.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_netbsd.rs
index c4d11bfb13e..e020264ad7a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_netbsd.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_netbsd.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::netbsd_base::opts();
     base.cpu = "pentium4".to_string();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap().push("-m32".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m32".to_string());
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::InlineOrCall { min_llvm_version_for_inline: (11, 0, 1) };
 
     Target {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_openbsd.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_openbsd.rs
index fdaaf6c741e..86448cb9115 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_openbsd.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_unknown_openbsd.rs
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::openbsd_base::opts();
     base.cpu = "pentium4".to_string();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap().push("-m32".to_string());
-    base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap().push("-fuse-ld=lld".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m32".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-fuse-ld=lld".to_string());
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::InlineOrCall { min_llvm_version_for_inline: (11, 0, 1) };
 
     Target {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_uwp_windows_gnu.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_uwp_windows_gnu.rs
index a3de93efb78..426df59882d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_uwp_windows_gnu.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_uwp_windows_gnu.rs
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     // Mark all dynamic libraries and executables as compatible with the larger 4GiB address
     // space available to x86 Windows binaries on x86_64.
     base.pre_link_args
-        .get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc)
-        .unwrap()
+        .entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc)
+        .or_default()
         .push("-Wl,--large-address-aware".to_string());
 
     Target {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_wrs_vxworks.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_wrs_vxworks.rs
index ec8a2493b4e..e596eca86b0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_wrs_vxworks.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_wrs_vxworks.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::vxworks_base::opts();
     base.cpu = "pentium4".to_string();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap().push("-m32".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m32".to_string());
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::InlineOrCall { min_llvm_version_for_inline: (11, 0, 1) };
 
     Target {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/linux_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/linux_base.rs
index 0631644ad63..eeefd056e4b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/linux_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/linux_base.rs
@@ -1,23 +1,6 @@
-use crate::spec::{LinkArgs, LinkerFlavor, RelroLevel, TargetOptions};
+use crate::spec::{RelroLevel, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
-    let mut args = LinkArgs::new();
-    args.insert(
-        LinkerFlavor::Gcc,
-        vec![
-            // We want to be able to strip as much executable code as possible
-            // from the linker command line, and this flag indicates to the
-            // linker that it can avoid linking in dynamic libraries that don't
-            // actually satisfy any symbols up to that point (as with many other
-            // resolutions the linker does). This option only applies to all
-            // following libraries so we're sure to pass it as one of the first
-            // arguments.
-            "-Wl,--as-needed".to_string(),
-            // Always enable NX protection when it is available
-            "-Wl,-z,noexecstack".to_string(),
-        ],
-    );
-
     TargetOptions {
         os: "linux".to_string(),
         dynamic_linking: true,
@@ -25,7 +8,6 @@ pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
         os_family: Some("unix".to_string()),
         linker_is_gnu: true,
         has_rpath: true,
-        pre_link_args: args,
         position_independent_executables: true,
         relro_level: RelroLevel::Full,
         has_elf_tls: true,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/linux_kernel_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/linux_kernel_base.rs
index 52201568953..d17d729c289 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/linux_kernel_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/linux_kernel_base.rs
@@ -1,14 +1,6 @@
-use crate::spec::{
-    LinkArgs, LinkerFlavor, PanicStrategy, RelocModel, RelroLevel, StackProbeType, TargetOptions,
-};
+use crate::spec::{PanicStrategy, RelocModel, RelroLevel, StackProbeType, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
-    let mut pre_link_args = LinkArgs::new();
-    pre_link_args.insert(
-        LinkerFlavor::Gcc,
-        vec!["-Wl,--as-needed".to_string(), "-Wl,-z,noexecstack".to_string()],
-    );
-
     TargetOptions {
         env: "gnu".to_string(),
         disable_redzone: true,
@@ -20,7 +12,6 @@ pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
         needs_plt: true,
         relro_level: RelroLevel::Full,
         relocation_model: RelocModel::Static,
-        pre_link_args,
 
         ..Default::default()
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/msvc_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/msvc_base.rs
index 39c0d5f0bb4..4ed7685ca07 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/msvc_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/msvc_base.rs
@@ -5,13 +5,6 @@ pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
         // Suppress the verbose logo and authorship debugging output, which would needlessly
         // clog any log files.
         "/NOLOGO".to_string(),
-        // Tell the compiler that non-code sections can be marked as non-executable,
-        // including stack pages.
-        // UEFI is fully compatible to non-executable data pages.
-        // In fact, firmware might enforce this, so we better let the linker know about this,
-        // so it will fail if the compiler ever tries placing code on the stack
-        // (e.g., trampoline constructs and alike).
-        "/NXCOMPAT".to_string(),
     ];
     let mut pre_link_args = LinkArgs::new();
     pre_link_args.insert(LinkerFlavor::Msvc, pre_link_args_msvc.clone());
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/netbsd_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/netbsd_base.rs
index a77d60bd9d7..680cd60788b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/netbsd_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/netbsd_base.rs
@@ -1,18 +1,6 @@
-use crate::spec::{LinkArgs, LinkerFlavor, RelroLevel, TargetOptions};
+use crate::spec::{RelroLevel, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
-    let mut args = LinkArgs::new();
-    args.insert(
-        LinkerFlavor::Gcc,
-        vec![
-            // GNU-style linkers will use this to omit linking to libraries
-            // which don't actually fulfill any relocations, but only for
-            // libraries which follow this flag.  Thus, use it before
-            // specifying libraries to link to.
-            "-Wl,--as-needed".to_string(),
-        ],
-    );
-
     TargetOptions {
         os: "netbsd".to_string(),
         dynamic_linking: true,
@@ -21,7 +9,6 @@ pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
         linker_is_gnu: true,
         no_default_libraries: false,
         has_rpath: true,
-        pre_link_args: args,
         position_independent_executables: true,
         relro_level: RelroLevel::Full,
         use_ctors_section: true,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/openbsd_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/openbsd_base.rs
index 2b40a1ed945..a6fd01ab110 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/openbsd_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/openbsd_base.rs
@@ -1,20 +1,6 @@
-use crate::spec::{LinkArgs, LinkerFlavor, RelroLevel, TargetOptions};
+use crate::spec::{RelroLevel, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
-    let mut args = LinkArgs::new();
-    args.insert(
-        LinkerFlavor::Gcc,
-        vec![
-            // GNU-style linkers will use this to omit linking to libraries
-            // which don't actually fulfill any relocations, but only for
-            // libraries which follow this flag.  Thus, use it before
-            // specifying libraries to link to.
-            "-Wl,--as-needed".to_string(),
-            // Always enable NX protection when it is available
-            "-Wl,-z,noexecstack".to_string(),
-        ],
-    );
-
     TargetOptions {
         os: "openbsd".to_string(),
         dynamic_linking: true,
@@ -23,7 +9,6 @@ pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
         linker_is_gnu: true,
         has_rpath: true,
         abi_return_struct_as_int: true,
-        pre_link_args: args,
         position_independent_executables: true,
         eliminate_frame_pointer: false, // FIXME 43575
         relro_level: RelroLevel::Full,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64_unknown_freebsd.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64_unknown_freebsd.rs
index 3dddeb1129c..b3d6b7c6107 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64_unknown_freebsd.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64_unknown_freebsd.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, Target, TargetOptions};
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::freebsd_base::opts();
     base.cpu = "ppc64".to_string();
-    base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap().push("-m64".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".to_string());
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
 
     Target {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64_unknown_linux_gnu.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
index 9db880b0e53..559a1a40868 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, RelroLevel, Target, TargetOptions};
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::linux_gnu_base::opts();
     base.cpu = "ppc64".to_string();
-    base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap().push("-m64".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".to_string());
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
 
     // ld.so in at least RHEL6 on ppc64 has a bug related to BIND_NOW, so only enable partial RELRO
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64_unknown_linux_musl.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64_unknown_linux_musl.rs
index 8767f86b00b..f1190b159ab 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64_unknown_linux_musl.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64_unknown_linux_musl.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, Target, TargetOptions};
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::linux_musl_base::opts();
     base.cpu = "ppc64".to_string();
-    base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap().push("-m64".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".to_string());
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
 
     Target {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64_wrs_vxworks.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64_wrs_vxworks.rs
index 2f28a856247..3ebc5469e0a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64_wrs_vxworks.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64_wrs_vxworks.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, Target, TargetOptions};
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::vxworks_base::opts();
     base.cpu = "ppc64".to_string();
-    base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap().push("-m64".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".to_string());
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
 
     Target {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64le_unknown_linux_gnu.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64le_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
index 4cbd9976508..76f70e474f0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64le_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64le_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, Target, TargetOptions};
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::linux_gnu_base::opts();
     base.cpu = "ppc64le".to_string();
-    base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap().push("-m64".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".to_string());
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
 
     Target {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64le_unknown_linux_musl.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64le_unknown_linux_musl.rs
index efdc9ad7517..42c49103b3b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64le_unknown_linux_musl.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64le_unknown_linux_musl.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, Target, TargetOptions};
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::linux_musl_base::opts();
     base.cpu = "ppc64le".to_string();
-    base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap().push("-m64".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".to_string());
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
 
     Target {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_linux_gnu.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
index 70dd0b2aee6..21ffdd2d160 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::linux_gnu_base::opts();
-    base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap().push("-m32".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m32".to_string());
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(32);
 
     Target {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_linux_gnuspe.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_linux_gnuspe.rs
index 66118b74955..8d8f746f97f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_linux_gnuspe.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_linux_gnuspe.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::linux_gnu_base::opts();
-    base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap().push("-mspe".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-mspe".to_string());
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(32);
 
     Target {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_linux_musl.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_linux_musl.rs
index 679a3a2f6aa..9633705db6d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_linux_musl.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_linux_musl.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::linux_musl_base::opts();
-    base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap().push("-m32".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m32".to_string());
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(32);
 
     Target {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_netbsd.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_netbsd.rs
index 1245098329a..4cc5224fae3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_netbsd.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_netbsd.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::netbsd_base::opts();
-    base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap().push("-m32".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m32".to_string());
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(32);
 
     Target {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_wrs_vxworks.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_wrs_vxworks.rs
index bb943a8825c..2f0a6ca44a0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_wrs_vxworks.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_wrs_vxworks.rs
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::vxworks_base::opts();
-    base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap().push("-m32".to_string());
-    base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap().push("--secure-plt".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m32".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("--secure-plt".to_string());
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(32);
 
     Target {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_wrs_vxworks_spe.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_wrs_vxworks_spe.rs
index 4b4f118ba49..215f1a36227 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_wrs_vxworks_spe.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_wrs_vxworks_spe.rs
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::vxworks_base::opts();
-    base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap().push("-mspe".to_string());
-    base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap().push("--secure-plt".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-mspe".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("--secure-plt".to_string());
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(32);
 
     Target {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/redox_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/redox_base.rs
index 5ef705878a8..0afb4a72ac1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/redox_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/redox_base.rs
@@ -1,23 +1,6 @@
-use crate::spec::{LinkArgs, LinkerFlavor, RelroLevel, TargetOptions};
+use crate::spec::{RelroLevel, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
-    let mut args = LinkArgs::new();
-    args.insert(
-        LinkerFlavor::Gcc,
-        vec![
-            // We want to be able to strip as much executable code as possible
-            // from the linker command line, and this flag indicates to the
-            // linker that it can avoid linking in dynamic libraries that don't
-            // actually satisfy any symbols up to that point (as with many other
-            // resolutions the linker does). This option only applies to all
-            // following libraries so we're sure to pass it as one of the first
-            // arguments.
-            "-Wl,--as-needed".to_string(),
-            // Always enable NX protection when it is available
-            "-Wl,-z,noexecstack".to_string(),
-        ],
-    );
-
     TargetOptions {
         os: "redox".to_string(),
         env: "relibc".to_string(),
@@ -26,7 +9,6 @@ pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
         os_family: Some("unix".to_string()),
         linker_is_gnu: true,
         has_rpath: true,
-        pre_link_args: args,
         position_independent_executables: true,
         relro_level: RelroLevel::Full,
         has_elf_tls: true,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/sparc64_unknown_netbsd.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/sparc64_unknown_netbsd.rs
index 7d685c83100..b4286dfd88f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/sparc64_unknown_netbsd.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/sparc64_unknown_netbsd.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, Target, TargetOptions};
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::netbsd_base::opts();
     base.cpu = "v9".to_string();
-    base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap().push("-m64".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".to_string());
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
 
     Target {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/sparc64_unknown_openbsd.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/sparc64_unknown_openbsd.rs
index 63b13fad4f7..9732983161f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/sparc64_unknown_openbsd.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/sparc64_unknown_openbsd.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::openbsd_base::opts();
     base.endian = Endian::Big;
     base.cpu = "v9".to_string();
-    base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap().push("-m64".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".to_string());
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
 
     Target {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/sparc_unknown_linux_gnu.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/sparc_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
index 9e8fbff81c5..1fd4cadfffc 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/sparc_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/sparc_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     base.endian = Endian::Big;
     base.cpu = "v9".to_string();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap().push("-mv8plus".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-mv8plus".to_string());
 
     Target {
         llvm_target: "sparc-unknown-linux-gnu".to_string(),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv7a_pc_windows_msvc.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv7a_pc_windows_msvc.rs
index 8131a6e2ea4..975fd81d9c3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv7a_pc_windows_msvc.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv7a_pc_windows_msvc.rs
@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     // where necessary, but this is not the observed behavior.
     // Disabling the LBR optimization works around the issue.
     let pre_link_args_msvc = "/OPT:NOLBR".to_string();
-    base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Msvc).unwrap().push(pre_link_args_msvc.clone());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Msvc).or_default().push(pre_link_args_msvc.clone());
     base.pre_link_args
-        .get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Link))
-        .unwrap()
+        .entry(LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Link))
+        .or_default()
         .push(pre_link_args_msvc);
 
     // FIXME(jordanrh): use PanicStrategy::Unwind when SEH is
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv7neon_linux_androideabi.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv7neon_linux_androideabi.rs
index 41fdbc2f0a0..58b0a9d2202 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv7neon_linux_androideabi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv7neon_linux_androideabi.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::android_base::opts();
     base.features = "+v7,+thumb-mode,+thumb2,+vfp3,+neon".to_string();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap().push("-march=armv7-a".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-march=armv7-a".to_string());
 
     Target {
         llvm_target: "armv7-none-linux-android".to_string(),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/uefi_msvc_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/uefi_msvc_base.rs
index b9ff16bd19f..6b6b6018601 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/uefi_msvc_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/uefi_msvc_base.rs
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
         // exit (default for applications).
         "/subsystem:efi_application".to_string(),
     ];
-    base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Msvc).unwrap().extend(pre_link_args_msvc.clone());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Msvc).or_default().extend(pre_link_args_msvc.clone());
     base.pre_link_args
-        .get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Link))
-        .unwrap()
+        .entry(LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Link))
+        .or_default()
         .extend(pre_link_args_msvc);
 
     TargetOptions {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/vxworks_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/vxworks_base.rs
index 70bc9ce3e0e..8396d0463d9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/vxworks_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/vxworks_base.rs
@@ -1,21 +1,6 @@
-use crate::spec::{LinkArgs, LinkerFlavor, TargetOptions};
+use crate::spec::TargetOptions;
 
 pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
-    let mut args = LinkArgs::new();
-    args.insert(
-        LinkerFlavor::Gcc,
-        vec![
-            // We want to be able to strip as much executable code as possible
-            // from the linker command line, and this flag indicates to the
-            // linker that it can avoid linking in dynamic libraries that don't
-            // actually satisfy any symbols up to that point (as with many other
-            // resolutions the linker does). This option only applies to all
-            // following libraries so we're sure to pass it as one of the first
-            // arguments.
-            "-Wl,--as-needed".to_string(),
-        ],
-    );
-
     TargetOptions {
         os: "vxworks".to_string(),
         env: "gnu".to_string(),
@@ -27,7 +12,6 @@ pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
         os_family: Some("unix".to_string()),
         linker_is_gnu: true,
         has_rpath: true,
-        pre_link_args: args,
         position_independent_executables: false,
         has_elf_tls: true,
         crt_static_default: true,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/wasm32_unknown_emscripten.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/wasm32_unknown_emscripten.rs
index 9f69ce16c21..58d7633fa62 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/wasm32_unknown_emscripten.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/wasm32_unknown_emscripten.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use super::{LinkArgs, LinkerFlavor, PanicStrategy, Target, TargetOptions};
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut options = wasm32_base::options();
 
-    let clang_args = options.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap();
+    let clang_args = options.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default();
 
     // Rust really needs a way for users to specify exports and imports in
     // the source code. --export-dynamic isn't the right tool for this job,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/wasm32_unknown_unknown.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/wasm32_unknown_unknown.rs
index 5e89ba2520b..73a5e16c82b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/wasm32_unknown_unknown.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/wasm32_unknown_unknown.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut options = wasm32_base::options();
     options.os = "unknown".to_string();
     options.linker_flavor = LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Wasm);
-    let clang_args = options.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap();
+    let clang_args = options.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default();
 
     // Make sure clang uses LLD as its linker and is configured appropriately
     // otherwise
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     clang_args.push("-Wl,--export-dynamic".to_string());
 
     // Add the flags to wasm-ld's args too.
-    let lld_args = options.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Wasm)).unwrap();
+    let lld_args = options.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Wasm)).or_default();
     lld_args.push("--no-entry".to_string());
     lld_args.push("--export-dynamic".to_string());
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/windows_gnu_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/windows_gnu_base.rs
index f556a13a519..7036f338150 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/windows_gnu_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/windows_gnu_base.rs
@@ -9,8 +9,6 @@ pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
             // Tell GCC to avoid linker plugins, because we are not bundling
             // them with Windows installer, and Rust does its own LTO anyways.
             "-fno-use-linker-plugin".to_string(),
-            // Always enable DEP (NX bit) when it is available
-            "-Wl,--nxcompat".to_string(),
             // Enable ASLR
             "-Wl,--dynamicbase".to_string(),
             // ASLR will rebase it anyway so leaving that option enabled only leads to confusion
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/windows_uwp_msvc_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/windows_uwp_msvc_base.rs
index 700ee5ec646..b3fa5c22f98 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/windows_uwp_msvc_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/windows_uwp_msvc_base.rs
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
 
     opts.vendor = "uwp".to_string();
     let pre_link_args_msvc = vec!["/APPCONTAINER".to_string(), "mincore.lib".to_string()];
-    opts.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Msvc).unwrap().extend(pre_link_args_msvc.clone());
+    opts.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Msvc).or_default().extend(pre_link_args_msvc.clone());
     opts.pre_link_args
-        .get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Link))
-        .unwrap()
+        .entry(LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Link))
+        .or_default()
         .extend(pre_link_args_msvc);
 
     opts
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_fortanix_unknown_sgx.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_fortanix_unknown_sgx.rs
index 74fb6f0a834..6365e5650e4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_fortanix_unknown_sgx.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_fortanix_unknown_sgx.rs
@@ -4,9 +4,6 @@ use super::{LinkerFlavor, LldFlavor, PanicStrategy, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     const PRE_LINK_ARGS: &[&str] = &[
-        "--as-needed",
-        "-z",
-        "noexecstack",
         "-e",
         "elf_entry",
         "-Bstatic",
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_linux_android.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_linux_android.rs
index d436242e62b..0945a9f5c59 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_linux_android.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_linux_android.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     // https://developer.android.com/ndk/guides/abis.html#86-64
     base.features = "+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+sse3,+ssse3,+sse4.1,+sse4.2,+popcnt".to_string();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap().push("-m64".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".to_string());
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::InlineOrCall { min_llvm_version_for_inline: (11, 0, 1) };
 
     Target {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_pc_windows_gnu.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_pc_windows_gnu.rs
index 36726ab4aed..26a81a484b9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_pc_windows_gnu.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_pc_windows_gnu.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, LldFlavor, Target};
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::windows_gnu_base::opts();
     base.cpu = "x86-64".to_string();
-    let gcc_pre_link_args = base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap();
+    let gcc_pre_link_args = base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default();
     gcc_pre_link_args.push("-m64".to_string());
     // Use high-entropy 64 bit address space for ASLR
     gcc_pre_link_args.push("-Wl,--high-entropy-va".to_string());
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_dragonfly.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_dragonfly.rs
index d86b0d67acd..295f9c837c3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_dragonfly.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_dragonfly.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::dragonfly_base::opts();
     base.cpu = "x86-64".to_string();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap().push("-m64".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".to_string());
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::InlineOrCall { min_llvm_version_for_inline: (11, 0, 1) };
 
     Target {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_freebsd.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_freebsd.rs
index c7d3b3feed5..aac01445917 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_freebsd.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_freebsd.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::freebsd_base::opts();
     base.cpu = "x86-64".to_string();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap().push("-m64".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".to_string());
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::InlineOrCall { min_llvm_version_for_inline: (11, 0, 1) };
 
     Target {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
index 99906764dfc..dfda49b9c33 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::linux_gnu_base::opts();
     base.cpu = "x86-64".to_string();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap().push("-m64".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".to_string());
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::InlineOrCall { min_llvm_version_for_inline: (11, 0, 1) };
 
     Target {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_linux_gnux32.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_linux_gnux32.rs
index 4b2bce37470..5f87534fe95 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_linux_gnux32.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_linux_gnux32.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::linux_gnu_base::opts();
     base.cpu = "x86-64".to_string();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap().push("-mx32".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-mx32".to_string());
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::InlineOrCall { min_llvm_version_for_inline: (11, 0, 1) };
     base.has_elf_tls = false;
     // BUG(GabrielMajeri): disabling the PLT on x86_64 Linux with x32 ABI
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_linux_musl.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_linux_musl.rs
index fa9fdf5aa09..da79bc2f338 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_linux_musl.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_linux_musl.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::linux_musl_base::opts();
     base.cpu = "x86-64".to_string();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap().push("-m64".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".to_string());
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::InlineOrCall { min_llvm_version_for_inline: (11, 0, 1) };
     base.static_position_independent_executables = true;
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_netbsd.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_netbsd.rs
index 6d19dec00b4..54e7ceee82e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_netbsd.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_netbsd.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::netbsd_base::opts();
     base.cpu = "x86-64".to_string();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap().push("-m64".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".to_string());
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::InlineOrCall { min_llvm_version_for_inline: (11, 0, 1) };
 
     Target {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_none_linuxkernel.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_none_linuxkernel.rs
index 68d80205e14..fa6f255d4d9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_none_linuxkernel.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_none_linuxkernel.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
         "-mmx,-sse,-sse2,-sse3,-ssse3,-sse4.1,-sse4.2,-3dnow,-3dnowa,-avx,-avx2,+soft-float"
             .to_string();
     base.code_model = Some(CodeModel::Kernel);
-    base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap().push("-m64".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".to_string());
 
     Target {
         // FIXME: Some dispute, the linux-on-clang folks think this should use
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_openbsd.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_openbsd.rs
index ac5939bcb3c..530e63966aa 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_openbsd.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_openbsd.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::openbsd_base::opts();
     base.cpu = "x86-64".to_string();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap().push("-m64".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".to_string());
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::InlineOrCall { min_llvm_version_for_inline: (11, 0, 1) };
 
     Target {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_redox.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_redox.rs
index ddabe95ab83..934f8de8ecc 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_redox.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_redox.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::redox_base::opts();
     base.cpu = "x86-64".to_string();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap().push("-m64".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".to_string());
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::InlineOrCall { min_llvm_version_for_inline: (11, 0, 1) };
 
     Target {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_uwp_windows_gnu.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_uwp_windows_gnu.rs
index 57913ba0dab..a5425e1c129 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_uwp_windows_gnu.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_uwp_windows_gnu.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, LldFlavor, Target};
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::windows_uwp_gnu_base::opts();
     base.cpu = "x86-64".to_string();
-    let gcc_pre_link_args = base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap();
+    let gcc_pre_link_args = base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default();
     gcc_pre_link_args.push("-m64".to_string());
     // Use high-entropy 64 bit address space for ASLR
     gcc_pre_link_args.push("-Wl,--high-entropy-va".to_string());
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_wrs_vxworks.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_wrs_vxworks.rs
index 1b35e813fcd..f9fa9d93843 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_wrs_vxworks.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_wrs_vxworks.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::vxworks_base::opts();
     base.cpu = "x86-64".to_string();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    base.pre_link_args.get_mut(&LinkerFlavor::Gcc).unwrap().push("-m64".to_string());
+    base.pre_link_args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Gcc).or_default().push("-m64".to_string());
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::InlineOrCall { min_llvm_version_for_inline: (11, 0, 1) };
     base.disable_redzone = true;
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/lib.rs
index aeb7b149786..4097e1577e1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/lib.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #![feature(box_patterns)]
 #![feature(drain_filter)]
 #![feature(in_band_lifetimes)]
+#![feature(iter_zip)]
 #![feature(never_type)]
 #![feature(crate_visibility_modifier)]
 #![cfg_attr(bootstrap, feature(or_patterns))]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/opaque_types.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/opaque_types.rs
index d6a585e626c..fb4a8ce687c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/opaque_types.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/opaque_types.rs
@@ -697,7 +697,7 @@ where
 {
     fn visit_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(
         &mut self,
-        t: &ty::Binder<T>,
+        t: &ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
     ) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
         t.as_ref().skip_binder().visit_with(self);
         ControlFlow::CONTINUE
@@ -1171,7 +1171,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Instantiator<'a, 'tcx> {
             // This also instantiates nested instances of `impl Trait`.
             let predicate = self.instantiate_opaque_types_in_map(predicate);
 
-            let cause = traits::ObligationCause::new(span, self.body_id, traits::MiscObligation);
+            let cause = traits::ObligationCause::new(span, self.body_id, traits::OpaqueType);
 
             // Require that the predicate holds for the concrete type.
             debug!("instantiate_opaque_types: predicate={:?}", predicate);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/auto_trait.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/auto_trait.rs
index 0d71fc57e39..f54eb0914a5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/auto_trait.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/auto_trait.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
 
 use std::collections::hash_map::Entry;
 use std::collections::VecDeque;
+use std::iter;
 
 // FIXME(twk): this is obviously not nice to duplicate like that
 #[derive(Eq, PartialEq, Hash, Copy, Clone, Debug)]
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ impl<'tcx> AutoTraitFinder<'tcx> {
 
         let trait_ref = ty::TraitRef { def_id: trait_did, substs: tcx.mk_substs_trait(ty, &[]) };
 
-        let trait_pred = ty::Binder::bind(trait_ref);
+        let trait_pred = ty::Binder::dummy(trait_ref);
 
         let bail_out = tcx.infer_ctxt().enter(|infcx| {
             let mut selcx = SelectionContext::with_negative(&infcx, true);
@@ -279,7 +280,7 @@ impl AutoTraitFinder<'tcx> {
 
         let mut already_visited = FxHashSet::default();
         let mut predicates = VecDeque::new();
-        predicates.push_back(ty::Binder::bind(ty::TraitPredicate {
+        predicates.push_back(ty::Binder::dummy(ty::TraitPredicate {
             trait_ref: ty::TraitRef {
                 def_id: trait_did,
                 substs: infcx.tcx.mk_substs_trait(ty, &[]),
@@ -428,7 +429,9 @@ impl AutoTraitFinder<'tcx> {
                         return true;
                     }
 
-                    for (new_region, old_region) in new_substs.regions().zip(old_substs.regions()) {
+                    for (new_region, old_region) in
+                        iter::zip(new_substs.regions(), old_substs.regions())
+                    {
                         match (new_region, old_region) {
                             // If both predicates have an `ReLateBound` (a HRTB) in the
                             // same spot, we do nothing.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/coherence.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/coherence.rs
index e8ae1f44a36..38cb4ee66ca 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/coherence.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/coherence.rs
@@ -74,23 +74,22 @@ where
     let impl2_ref = tcx.impl_trait_ref(impl2_def_id);
 
     // Check if any of the input types definitely do not unify.
-    if impl1_ref
-        .iter()
-        .flat_map(|tref| tref.substs.types())
-        .zip(impl2_ref.iter().flat_map(|tref| tref.substs.types()))
-        .any(|(ty1, ty2)| {
-            let t1 = fast_reject::simplify_type(tcx, ty1, false);
-            let t2 = fast_reject::simplify_type(tcx, ty2, false);
-            if let (Some(t1), Some(t2)) = (t1, t2) {
-                // Simplified successfully
-                // Types cannot unify if they differ in their reference mutability or simplify to different types
-                t1 != t2 || ty1.ref_mutability() != ty2.ref_mutability()
-            } else {
-                // Types might unify
-                false
-            }
-        })
-    {
+    if iter::zip(
+        impl1_ref.iter().flat_map(|tref| tref.substs.types()),
+        impl2_ref.iter().flat_map(|tref| tref.substs.types()),
+    )
+    .any(|(ty1, ty2)| {
+        let t1 = fast_reject::simplify_type(tcx, ty1, false);
+        let t2 = fast_reject::simplify_type(tcx, ty2, false);
+        if let (Some(t1), Some(t2)) = (t1, t2) {
+            // Simplified successfully
+            // Types cannot unify if they differ in their reference mutability or simplify to different types
+            t1 != t2 || ty1.ref_mutability() != ty2.ref_mutability()
+        } else {
+            // Types might unify
+            false
+        }
+    }) {
         // Some types involved are definitely different, so the impls couldn't possibly overlap.
         debug!("overlapping_impls: fast_reject early-exit");
         return no_overlap();
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/const_evaluatable.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/const_evaluatable.rs
index ac987a9f7b3..8961cdaebf3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/const_evaluatable.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/const_evaluatable.rs
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ use rustc_span::def_id::{DefId, LocalDefId};
 use rustc_span::Span;
 
 use std::cmp;
+use std::iter;
 use std::ops::ControlFlow;
 
 /// Check if a given constant can be evaluated.
@@ -672,9 +673,7 @@ pub(super) fn try_unify<'tcx>(
             if a_args.len() == b_args.len() =>
         {
             try_unify(tcx, a.subtree(a_f), b.subtree(b_f))
-                && a_args
-                    .iter()
-                    .zip(b_args)
+                && iter::zip(a_args, b_args)
                     .all(|(&an, &bn)| try_unify(tcx, a.subtree(an), b.subtree(bn)))
         }
         _ => false,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs
index 060e4e36dfe..15a3d3ddd8d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ use rustc_session::DiagnosticMessageId;
 use rustc_span::symbol::{kw, sym};
 use rustc_span::{ExpnKind, MultiSpan, Span, DUMMY_SP};
 use std::fmt;
+use std::iter;
 
 use crate::traits::query::evaluate_obligation::InferCtxtExt as _;
 use crate::traits::query::normalize::AtExt as _;
@@ -161,7 +162,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxtExt<'tcx> for InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             }
         }
 
-        for (error, suppressed) in errors.iter().zip(is_suppressed) {
+        for (error, suppressed) in iter::zip(errors, is_suppressed) {
             if !suppressed {
                 self.report_fulfillment_error(error, body_id, fallback_has_occurred);
             }
@@ -1225,10 +1226,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> for InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                 );
 
                 let is_normalized_ty_expected = !matches!(
-                    obligation.cause.code,
+                    obligation.cause.code.peel_derives(),
                     ObligationCauseCode::ItemObligation(_)
                         | ObligationCauseCode::BindingObligation(_, _)
                         | ObligationCauseCode::ObjectCastObligation(_)
+                        | ObligationCauseCode::OpaqueType
                 );
 
                 if let Err(error) = self.at(&obligation.cause, obligation.param_env).eq_exp(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/on_unimplemented.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/on_unimplemented.rs
index cecdcc97896..1ea34e5814e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/on_unimplemented.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/on_unimplemented.rs
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc_middle::ty::subst::Subst;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, GenericParamDefKind};
 use rustc_span::symbol::sym;
+use std::iter;
 
 use super::InferCtxtPrivExt;
 
@@ -51,12 +52,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxtExt<'tcx> for InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             if let Ok(..) = self.can_eq(param_env, trait_self_ty, impl_self_ty) {
                 self_match_impls.push(def_id);
 
-                if trait_ref
-                    .substs
-                    .types()
-                    .skip(1)
-                    .zip(impl_trait_ref.substs.types().skip(1))
-                    .all(|(u, v)| self.fuzzy_match_tys(u, v))
+                if iter::zip(
+                    trait_ref.substs.types().skip(1),
+                    impl_trait_ref.substs.types().skip(1),
+                )
+                .all(|(u, v)| self.fuzzy_match_tys(u, v))
                 {
                     fuzzy_match_impls.push(def_id);
                 }
@@ -163,61 +163,65 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxtExt<'tcx> for InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             flags.push((sym::from_desugaring, None));
             flags.push((sym::from_desugaring, Some(format!("{:?}", k))));
         }
-        let generics = self.tcx.generics_of(def_id);
-        let self_ty = trait_ref.self_ty();
-        // This is also included through the generics list as `Self`,
-        // but the parser won't allow you to use it
-        flags.push((sym::_Self, Some(self_ty.to_string())));
-        if let Some(def) = self_ty.ty_adt_def() {
-            // We also want to be able to select self's original
-            // signature with no type arguments resolved
-            flags.push((sym::_Self, Some(self.tcx.type_of(def.did).to_string())));
-        }
 
-        for param in generics.params.iter() {
-            let value = match param.kind {
-                GenericParamDefKind::Type { .. } | GenericParamDefKind::Const { .. } => {
-                    trait_ref.substs[param.index as usize].to_string()
-                }
-                GenericParamDefKind::Lifetime => continue,
-            };
-            let name = param.name;
-            flags.push((name, Some(value)));
-        }
+        // Add all types without trimmed paths.
+        ty::print::with_no_trimmed_paths(|| {
+            let generics = self.tcx.generics_of(def_id);
+            let self_ty = trait_ref.self_ty();
+            // This is also included through the generics list as `Self`,
+            // but the parser won't allow you to use it
+            flags.push((sym::_Self, Some(self_ty.to_string())));
+            if let Some(def) = self_ty.ty_adt_def() {
+                // We also want to be able to select self's original
+                // signature with no type arguments resolved
+                flags.push((sym::_Self, Some(self.tcx.type_of(def.did).to_string())));
+            }
 
-        if let Some(true) = self_ty.ty_adt_def().map(|def| def.did.is_local()) {
-            flags.push((sym::crate_local, None));
-        }
+            for param in generics.params.iter() {
+                let value = match param.kind {
+                    GenericParamDefKind::Type { .. } | GenericParamDefKind::Const { .. } => {
+                        trait_ref.substs[param.index as usize].to_string()
+                    }
+                    GenericParamDefKind::Lifetime => continue,
+                };
+                let name = param.name;
+                flags.push((name, Some(value)));
+            }
 
-        // Allow targeting all integers using `{integral}`, even if the exact type was resolved
-        if self_ty.is_integral() {
-            flags.push((sym::_Self, Some("{integral}".to_owned())));
-        }
+            if let Some(true) = self_ty.ty_adt_def().map(|def| def.did.is_local()) {
+                flags.push((sym::crate_local, None));
+            }
 
-        if let ty::Array(aty, len) = self_ty.kind() {
-            flags.push((sym::_Self, Some("[]".to_owned())));
-            flags.push((sym::_Self, Some(format!("[{}]", aty))));
-            if let Some(def) = aty.ty_adt_def() {
-                // We also want to be able to select the array's type's original
-                // signature with no type arguments resolved
-                let type_string = self.tcx.type_of(def.did).to_string();
-                flags.push((sym::_Self, Some(format!("[{}]", type_string))));
+            // Allow targeting all integers using `{integral}`, even if the exact type was resolved
+            if self_ty.is_integral() {
+                flags.push((sym::_Self, Some("{integral}".to_owned())));
+            }
 
-                let len = len.val.try_to_value().and_then(|v| v.try_to_machine_usize(self.tcx));
-                let string = match len {
-                    Some(n) => format!("[{}; {}]", type_string, n),
-                    None => format!("[{}; _]", type_string),
-                };
-                flags.push((sym::_Self, Some(string)));
+            if let ty::Array(aty, len) = self_ty.kind() {
+                flags.push((sym::_Self, Some("[]".to_owned())));
+                flags.push((sym::_Self, Some(format!("[{}]", aty))));
+                if let Some(def) = aty.ty_adt_def() {
+                    // We also want to be able to select the array's type's original
+                    // signature with no type arguments resolved
+                    let type_string = self.tcx.type_of(def.did).to_string();
+                    flags.push((sym::_Self, Some(format!("[{}]", type_string))));
+
+                    let len = len.val.try_to_value().and_then(|v| v.try_to_machine_usize(self.tcx));
+                    let string = match len {
+                        Some(n) => format!("[{}; {}]", type_string, n),
+                        None => format!("[{}; _]", type_string),
+                    };
+                    flags.push((sym::_Self, Some(string)));
+                }
             }
-        }
-        if let ty::Dynamic(traits, _) = self_ty.kind() {
-            for t in traits.iter() {
-                if let ty::ExistentialPredicate::Trait(trait_ref) = t.skip_binder() {
-                    flags.push((sym::_Self, Some(self.tcx.def_path_str(trait_ref.def_id))))
+            if let ty::Dynamic(traits, _) = self_ty.kind() {
+                for t in traits.iter() {
+                    if let ty::ExistentialPredicate::Trait(trait_ref) = t.skip_binder() {
+                        flags.push((sym::_Self, Some(self.tcx.def_path_str(trait_ref.def_id))))
+                    }
                 }
             }
-        }
+        });
 
         if let Ok(Some(command)) =
             OnUnimplementedDirective::of_item(self.tcx, trait_ref.def_id, def_id)
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/suggestions.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/suggestions.rs
index c1b105f1d84..0549db06806 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/suggestions.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/suggestions.rs
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ pub trait InferCtxtExt<'tcx> {
         &self,
         obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
         err: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>,
-        trait_ref: ty::Binder<ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
+        trait_ref: ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
         points_at_arg: bool,
     );
 
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ pub trait InferCtxtExt<'tcx> {
         &self,
         obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
         err: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>,
-        trait_ref: &ty::Binder<ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
+        trait_ref: &ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
         points_at_arg: bool,
         has_custom_message: bool,
     ) -> bool;
@@ -82,14 +82,14 @@ pub trait InferCtxtExt<'tcx> {
         &self,
         obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
         err: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>,
-        trait_ref: ty::Binder<ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
+        trait_ref: ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
     );
 
     fn suggest_change_mut(
         &self,
         obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
         err: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>,
-        trait_ref: ty::Binder<ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
+        trait_ref: ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
         points_at_arg: bool,
     );
 
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ pub trait InferCtxtExt<'tcx> {
         obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
         err: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>,
         span: Span,
-        trait_ref: ty::Binder<ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
+        trait_ref: ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
     );
 
     fn return_type_span(&self, obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>) -> Option<Span>;
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ pub trait InferCtxtExt<'tcx> {
         err: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>,
         span: Span,
         obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
-        trait_ref: ty::Binder<ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
+        trait_ref: ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
     ) -> bool;
 
     fn point_at_returns_when_relevant(
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ pub trait InferCtxtExt<'tcx> {
         &self,
         err: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>,
         obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
-        trait_ref: ty::Binder<ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
+        trait_ref: ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
         span: Span,
     );
 }
@@ -583,7 +583,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxtExt<'tcx> for InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         &self,
         obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
         err: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>,
-        trait_ref: ty::Binder<ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
+        trait_ref: ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
         points_at_arg: bool,
     ) {
         let self_ty = match trait_ref.self_ty().no_bound_vars() {
@@ -676,7 +676,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxtExt<'tcx> for InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         &self,
         obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
         err: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>,
-        trait_ref: &ty::Binder<ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
+        trait_ref: &ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
         points_at_arg: bool,
         has_custom_message: bool,
     ) -> bool {
@@ -761,7 +761,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxtExt<'tcx> for InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         &self,
         obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
         err: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>,
-        trait_ref: ty::Binder<ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
+        trait_ref: ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
     ) {
         let span = obligation.cause.span;
 
@@ -824,7 +824,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxtExt<'tcx> for InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         &self,
         obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
         err: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>,
-        trait_ref: ty::Binder<ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
+        trait_ref: ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
         points_at_arg: bool,
     ) {
         let span = obligation.cause.span;
@@ -896,10 +896,10 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxtExt<'tcx> for InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
         err: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>,
         span: Span,
-        trait_ref: ty::Binder<ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
+        trait_ref: ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
     ) {
         let is_empty_tuple =
-            |ty: ty::Binder<Ty<'_>>| *ty.skip_binder().kind() == ty::Tuple(ty::List::empty());
+            |ty: ty::Binder<'tcx, Ty<'_>>| *ty.skip_binder().kind() == ty::Tuple(ty::List::empty());
 
         let hir = self.tcx.hir();
         let parent_node = hir.get_parent_node(obligation.cause.body_id);
@@ -948,7 +948,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxtExt<'tcx> for InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         err: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>,
         span: Span,
         obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
-        trait_ref: ty::Binder<ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
+        trait_ref: ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
     ) -> bool {
         match obligation.cause.code.peel_derives() {
             // Only suggest `impl Trait` if the return type is unsized because it is `dyn Trait`.
@@ -1840,6 +1840,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxtExt<'tcx> for InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             | ObligationCauseCode::MethodReceiver
             | ObligationCauseCode::ReturnNoExpression
             | ObligationCauseCode::UnifyReceiver(..)
+            | ObligationCauseCode::OpaqueType
             | ObligationCauseCode::MiscObligation => {}
             ObligationCauseCode::SliceOrArrayElem => {
                 err.note("slice and array elements must have `Sized` type");
@@ -2190,7 +2191,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxtExt<'tcx> for InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         &self,
         err: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>,
         obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
-        trait_ref: ty::Binder<ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
+        trait_ref: ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
         span: Span,
     ) {
         debug!(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/fulfill.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/fulfill.rs
index 79f65669479..fc9739f70d4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/fulfill.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/fulfill.rs
@@ -684,7 +684,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b, 'tcx> FulfillProcessor<'a, 'b, 'tcx> {
 /// Returns the set of inference variables contained in `substs`.
 fn substs_infer_vars<'a, 'tcx>(
     selcx: &mut SelectionContext<'a, 'tcx>,
-    substs: ty::Binder<SubstsRef<'tcx>>,
+    substs: ty::Binder<'tcx, SubstsRef<'tcx>>,
 ) -> impl Iterator<Item = TyOrConstInferVar<'tcx>> {
     selcx
         .infcx()
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/object_safety.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/object_safety.rs
index 7de20e477fe..b5a458db607 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/object_safety.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/object_safety.rs
@@ -757,7 +757,7 @@ fn contains_illegal_self_type_reference<'tcx, T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(
     struct IllegalSelfTypeVisitor<'tcx> {
         tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
         trait_def_id: DefId,
-        supertraits: Option<Vec<ty::PolyTraitRef<'tcx>>>,
+        supertraits: Option<Vec<DefId>>,
     }
 
     impl<'tcx> TypeVisitor<'tcx> for IllegalSelfTypeVisitor<'tcx> {
@@ -778,8 +778,10 @@ fn contains_illegal_self_type_reference<'tcx, T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(
                     // Compute supertraits of current trait lazily.
                     if self.supertraits.is_none() {
                         let trait_ref =
-                            ty::Binder::bind(ty::TraitRef::identity(self.tcx, self.trait_def_id));
-                        self.supertraits = Some(traits::supertraits(self.tcx, trait_ref).collect());
+                            ty::Binder::dummy(ty::TraitRef::identity(self.tcx, self.trait_def_id));
+                        self.supertraits = Some(
+                            traits::supertraits(self.tcx, trait_ref).map(|t| t.def_id()).collect(),
+                        );
                     }
 
                     // Determine whether the trait reference `Foo as
@@ -790,9 +792,11 @@ fn contains_illegal_self_type_reference<'tcx, T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(
                     // direct equality here because all of these types
                     // are part of the formal parameter listing, and
                     // hence there should be no inference variables.
-                    let projection_trait_ref = ty::Binder::bind(data.trait_ref(self.tcx));
-                    let is_supertrait_of_current_trait =
-                        self.supertraits.as_ref().unwrap().contains(&projection_trait_ref);
+                    let is_supertrait_of_current_trait = self
+                        .supertraits
+                        .as_ref()
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .contains(&data.trait_ref(self.tcx).def_id);
 
                     if is_supertrait_of_current_trait {
                         ControlFlow::CONTINUE // do not walk contained types, do not report error, do collect $200
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/project.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/project.rs
index 0af6d645915..b3e5df4da0a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/project.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/project.rs
@@ -1275,6 +1275,9 @@ fn confirm_discriminant_kind_candidate<'cx, 'tcx>(
     let tcx = selcx.tcx();
 
     let self_ty = selcx.infcx().shallow_resolve(obligation.predicate.self_ty());
+    // We get here from `poly_project_and_unify_type` which replaces bound vars
+    // with placeholders
+    debug_assert!(!self_ty.has_escaping_bound_vars());
     let substs = tcx.mk_substs([self_ty.into()].iter());
 
     let discriminant_def_id = tcx.require_lang_item(LangItem::Discriminant, None);
@@ -1306,7 +1309,7 @@ fn confirm_pointee_candidate<'cx, 'tcx>(
         ty: self_ty.ptr_metadata_ty(tcx),
     };
 
-    confirm_param_env_candidate(selcx, obligation, ty::Binder::bind(predicate), false)
+    confirm_param_env_candidate(selcx, obligation, ty::Binder::bind(predicate, tcx), false)
 }
 
 fn confirm_fn_pointer_candidate<'cx, 'tcx>(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/implied_outlives_bounds.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/implied_outlives_bounds.rs
index cf7f0a553c7..b351af44e94 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/implied_outlives_bounds.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/implied_outlives_bounds.rs
@@ -8,12 +8,6 @@ pub struct ImpliedOutlivesBounds<'tcx> {
     pub ty: Ty<'tcx>,
 }
 
-impl<'tcx> ImpliedOutlivesBounds<'tcx> {
-    pub fn new(ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> Self {
-        ImpliedOutlivesBounds { ty }
-    }
-}
-
 impl<'tcx> super::QueryTypeOp<'tcx> for ImpliedOutlivesBounds<'tcx> {
     type QueryResponse = Vec<OutlivesBound<'tcx>>;
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/confirmation.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/confirmation.rs
index 272930f6bb9..31685a012ca 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/confirmation.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/confirmation.rs
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
         &mut self,
         obligation: &TraitObligation<'tcx>,
         trait_def_id: DefId,
-        nested: ty::Binder<Vec<Ty<'tcx>>>,
+        nested: ty::Binder<'tcx, Vec<Ty<'tcx>>>,
     ) -> ImplSourceAutoImplData<PredicateObligation<'tcx>> {
         debug!(?nested, "vtable_auto_impl");
         ensure_sufficient_stack(|| {
@@ -748,7 +748,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
                     cause,
                     obligation.recursion_depth + 1,
                     obligation.param_env,
-                    ty::Binder::bind(outlives).to_predicate(tcx),
+                    obligation.predicate.rebind(outlives).to_predicate(tcx),
                 ));
             }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/mod.rs
index bc8a0eae0e0..f441246909b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/mod.rs
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ struct EvaluatedCandidate<'tcx> {
 /// When does the builtin impl for `T: Trait` apply?
 enum BuiltinImplConditions<'tcx> {
     /// The impl is conditional on `T1, T2, ...: Trait`.
-    Where(ty::Binder<Vec<Ty<'tcx>>>),
+    Where(ty::Binder<'tcx, Vec<Ty<'tcx>>>),
     /// There is no built-in impl. There may be some other
     /// candidate (a where-clause or user-defined impl).
     None,
@@ -981,7 +981,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
         OP: FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R,
     {
         let (result, dep_node) =
-            self.tcx().dep_graph.with_anon_task(DepKind::TraitSelect, || op(self));
+            self.tcx().dep_graph.with_anon_task(self.tcx(), DepKind::TraitSelect, || op(self));
         self.tcx().dep_graph.read_index(dep_node);
         (result, dep_node)
     }
@@ -1673,7 +1673,10 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
     /// Bar<i32> where struct Bar<T> { x: T, y: u32 } -> [i32, u32]
     /// Zed<i32> where enum Zed { A(T), B(u32) } -> [i32, u32]
     /// ```
-    fn constituent_types_for_ty(&self, t: ty::Binder<Ty<'tcx>>) -> ty::Binder<Vec<Ty<'tcx>>> {
+    fn constituent_types_for_ty(
+        &self,
+        t: ty::Binder<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>>,
+    ) -> ty::Binder<'tcx, Vec<Ty<'tcx>>> {
         match *t.skip_binder().kind() {
             ty::Uint(_)
             | ty::Int(_)
@@ -1746,7 +1749,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
         cause: ObligationCause<'tcx>,
         recursion_depth: usize,
         trait_def_id: DefId,
-        types: ty::Binder<Vec<Ty<'tcx>>>,
+        types: ty::Binder<'tcx, Vec<Ty<'tcx>>>,
     ) -> Vec<PredicateObligation<'tcx>> {
         // Because the types were potentially derived from
         // higher-ranked obligations they may reference late-bound
@@ -1767,7 +1770,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
             .skip_binder() // binder moved -\
             .iter()
             .flat_map(|ty| {
-                let ty: ty::Binder<Ty<'tcx>> = types.rebind(ty); // <----/
+                let ty: ty::Binder<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>> = types.rebind(ty); // <----/
 
                 self.infcx.commit_unconditionally(|_| {
                     let placeholder_ty = self.infcx.replace_bound_vars_with_placeholders(ty);
@@ -1887,7 +1890,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
         // substitution if we find that any of the input types, when
         // simplified, do not match.
 
-        obligation.predicate.skip_binder().trait_ref.substs.iter().zip(impl_trait_ref.substs).any(
+        iter::zip(obligation.predicate.skip_binder().trait_ref.substs, impl_trait_ref.substs).any(
             |(obligation_arg, impl_arg)| {
                 match (obligation_arg.unpack(), impl_arg.unpack()) {
                     (GenericArgKind::Type(obligation_ty), GenericArgKind::Type(impl_ty)) => {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/util.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/util.rs
index 8888ea2c849..fd94f9f7998 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/util.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/util.rs
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ pub fn closure_trait_ref_and_return_type(
     self_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
     sig: ty::PolyFnSig<'tcx>,
     tuple_arguments: TupleArgumentsFlag,
-) -> ty::Binder<(ty::TraitRef<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>)> {
+) -> ty::Binder<'tcx, (ty::TraitRef<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>)> {
     let arguments_tuple = match tuple_arguments {
         TupleArgumentsFlag::No => sig.skip_binder().inputs()[0],
         TupleArgumentsFlag::Yes => tcx.intern_tup(sig.skip_binder().inputs()),
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ pub fn generator_trait_ref_and_outputs(
     fn_trait_def_id: DefId,
     self_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
     sig: ty::PolyGenSig<'tcx>,
-) -> ty::Binder<(ty::TraitRef<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>)> {
+) -> ty::Binder<'tcx, (ty::TraitRef<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>)> {
     debug_assert!(!self_ty.has_escaping_bound_vars());
     let trait_ref = ty::TraitRef {
         def_id: fn_trait_def_id,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/wf.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/wf.rs
index aee128dec7d..f592cf1cd24 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/wf.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/wf.rs
@@ -692,11 +692,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> WfPredicates<'a, 'tcx> {
         let predicates = predicates.instantiate(self.infcx.tcx, substs);
         debug_assert_eq!(predicates.predicates.len(), origins.len());
 
-        predicates
-            .predicates
-            .into_iter()
-            .zip(predicates.spans.into_iter())
-            .zip(origins.into_iter().rev())
+        iter::zip(iter::zip(predicates.predicates, predicates.spans), origins.into_iter().rev())
             .map(|((pred, span), origin_def_id)| {
                 let cause = self.cause(traits::BindingObligation(origin_def_id, span));
                 traits::Obligation::with_depth(cause, self.recursion_depth, self.param_env, pred)
@@ -708,7 +704,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> WfPredicates<'a, 'tcx> {
     fn from_object_ty(
         &mut self,
         ty: Ty<'tcx>,
-        data: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
+        data: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
         region: ty::Region<'tcx>,
     ) {
         // Imagine a type like this:
@@ -771,7 +767,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> WfPredicates<'a, 'tcx> {
 /// `infer::required_region_bounds`, see that for more information.
 pub fn object_region_bounds<'tcx>(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-    existential_predicates: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
+    existential_predicates: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
 ) -> Vec<ty::Region<'tcx>> {
     // Since we don't actually *know* the self type for an object,
     // this "open(err)" serves as a kind of dummy standin -- basically
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_traits/src/chalk/db.rs b/compiler/rustc_traits/src/chalk/db.rs
index 5c0cb2fb835..8c97e606c56 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_traits/src/chalk/db.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_traits/src/chalk/db.rs
@@ -735,7 +735,10 @@ fn bound_vars_for_item(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, def_id: DefId) -> SubstsRef<'tcx> {
             .into(),
 
         ty::GenericParamDefKind::Lifetime => {
-            let br = ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrAnon(substs.len() as u32) };
+            let br = ty::BoundRegion {
+                var: ty::BoundVar::from_usize(substs.len()),
+                kind: ty::BrAnon(substs.len() as u32),
+            };
             tcx.mk_region(ty::RegionKind::ReLateBound(ty::INNERMOST, br)).into()
         }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_traits/src/chalk/lowering.rs b/compiler/rustc_traits/src/chalk/lowering.rs
index fdf5f697e61..39890fd5b05 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_traits/src/chalk/lowering.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_traits/src/chalk/lowering.rs
@@ -434,17 +434,11 @@ impl<'tcx> LowerInto<'tcx, chalk_ir::Lifetime<RustInterner<'tcx>>> for Region<'t
             ReEarlyBound(_) => {
                 panic!("Should have already been substituted.");
             }
-            ReLateBound(db, br) => match br.kind {
-                ty::BoundRegionKind::BrAnon(var) => {
-                    chalk_ir::LifetimeData::BoundVar(chalk_ir::BoundVar::new(
-                        chalk_ir::DebruijnIndex::new(db.as_u32()),
-                        var as usize,
-                    ))
-                    .intern(interner)
-                }
-                ty::BoundRegionKind::BrNamed(_def_id, _name) => unimplemented!(),
-                ty::BrEnv => unimplemented!(),
-            },
+            ReLateBound(db, br) => chalk_ir::LifetimeData::BoundVar(chalk_ir::BoundVar::new(
+                chalk_ir::DebruijnIndex::new(db.as_u32()),
+                br.var.as_usize(),
+            ))
+            .intern(interner),
             ReFree(_) => unimplemented!(),
             ReStatic => chalk_ir::LifetimeData::Static.intern(interner),
             ReVar(_) => unimplemented!(),
@@ -467,7 +461,10 @@ impl<'tcx> LowerInto<'tcx, Region<'tcx>> for &chalk_ir::Lifetime<RustInterner<'t
         let kind = match self.data(interner) {
             chalk_ir::LifetimeData::BoundVar(var) => ty::RegionKind::ReLateBound(
                 ty::DebruijnIndex::from_u32(var.debruijn.depth()),
-                ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrAnon(var.index as u32) },
+                ty::BoundRegion {
+                    var: ty::BoundVar::from_usize(var.index),
+                    kind: ty::BrAnon(var.index as u32),
+                },
             ),
             chalk_ir::LifetimeData::InferenceVar(_var) => unimplemented!(),
             chalk_ir::LifetimeData::Placeholder(p) => {
@@ -606,7 +603,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LowerInto<'tcx, Option<chalk_ir::QuantifiedWhereClause<RustInterner<'
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> LowerInto<'tcx, chalk_ir::Binders<chalk_ir::QuantifiedWhereClauses<RustInterner<'tcx>>>>
-    for &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>
+    for &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>
 {
     fn lower_into(
         self,
@@ -677,7 +674,9 @@ impl<'tcx> LowerInto<'tcx, chalk_ir::Binders<chalk_ir::QuantifiedWhereClauses<Ru
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tcx> LowerInto<'tcx, chalk_ir::FnSig<RustInterner<'tcx>>> for ty::Binder<ty::FnSig<'tcx>> {
+impl<'tcx> LowerInto<'tcx, chalk_ir::FnSig<RustInterner<'tcx>>>
+    for ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::FnSig<'tcx>>
+{
     fn lower_into(self, _interner: &RustInterner<'_>) -> FnSig<RustInterner<'tcx>> {
         chalk_ir::FnSig {
             abi: self.abi(),
@@ -801,7 +800,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LowerInto<'tcx, chalk_solve::rust_ir::AliasEqBound<RustInterner<'tcx>
 crate fn collect_bound_vars<'tcx, T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(
     interner: &RustInterner<'tcx>,
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-    ty: Binder<T>,
+    ty: Binder<'tcx, T>,
 ) -> (T, chalk_ir::VariableKinds<RustInterner<'tcx>>, BTreeMap<DefId, u32>) {
     let mut bound_vars_collector = BoundVarsCollector::new();
     ty.as_ref().skip_binder().visit_with(&mut bound_vars_collector);
@@ -849,7 +848,10 @@ impl<'tcx> BoundVarsCollector<'tcx> {
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> TypeVisitor<'tcx> for BoundVarsCollector<'tcx> {
-    fn visit_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(&mut self, t: &Binder<T>) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+    fn visit_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(
+        &mut self,
+        t: &Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
         self.binder_index.shift_in(1);
         let result = t.super_visit_with(self);
         self.binder_index.shift_out(1);
@@ -895,7 +897,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeVisitor<'tcx> for BoundVarsCollector<'tcx> {
                     },
                 },
 
-                ty::BrEnv => unimplemented!(),
+                ty::BoundRegionKind::BrEnv => unimplemented!(),
             },
 
             ty::ReEarlyBound(_re) => {
@@ -931,7 +933,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeFolder<'tcx> for NamedBoundVarSubstitutor<'a, 'tcx> {
         self.tcx
     }
 
-    fn fold_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(&mut self, t: Binder<T>) -> Binder<T> {
+    fn fold_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(&mut self, t: Binder<'tcx, T>) -> Binder<'tcx, T> {
         self.binder_index.shift_in(1);
         let result = t.super_fold_with(self);
         self.binder_index.shift_out(1);
@@ -943,7 +945,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeFolder<'tcx> for NamedBoundVarSubstitutor<'a, 'tcx> {
             ty::ReLateBound(index, br) if *index == self.binder_index => match br.kind {
                 ty::BrNamed(def_id, _name) => match self.named_parameters.get(&def_id) {
                     Some(idx) => {
-                        let new_br = ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrAnon(*idx) };
+                        let new_br = ty::BoundRegion { var: br.var, kind: ty::BrAnon(*idx) };
                         return self.tcx.mk_region(RegionKind::ReLateBound(*index, new_br));
                     }
                     None => panic!("Missing `BrNamed`."),
@@ -987,7 +989,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeFolder<'tcx> for ParamsSubstitutor<'tcx> {
         self.tcx
     }
 
-    fn fold_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(&mut self, t: Binder<T>) -> Binder<T> {
+    fn fold_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(&mut self, t: Binder<'tcx, T>) -> Binder<'tcx, T> {
         self.binder_index.shift_in(1);
         let result = t.super_fold_with(self);
         self.binder_index.shift_out(1);
@@ -1026,12 +1028,16 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeFolder<'tcx> for ParamsSubstitutor<'tcx> {
             // This covers any region variables in a goal, right?
             ty::ReEarlyBound(_re) => match self.named_regions.get(&_re.def_id) {
                 Some(idx) => {
-                    let br = ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrAnon(*idx) };
+                    let br = ty::BoundRegion {
+                        var: ty::BoundVar::from_u32(*idx),
+                        kind: ty::BrAnon(*idx),
+                    };
                     self.tcx.mk_region(RegionKind::ReLateBound(self.binder_index, br))
                 }
                 None => {
                     let idx = self.named_regions.len() as u32;
-                    let br = ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrAnon(idx) };
+                    let br =
+                        ty::BoundRegion { var: ty::BoundVar::from_u32(idx), kind: ty::BrAnon(idx) };
                     self.named_regions.insert(_re.def_id, idx);
                     self.tcx.mk_region(RegionKind::ReLateBound(self.binder_index, br))
                 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/instance.rs b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/instance.rs
index 6b9d46ee0af..874289d0293 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/instance.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/instance.rs
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ fn resolve_associated_item<'tcx>(
     );
 
     let trait_ref = ty::TraitRef::from_method(tcx, trait_id, rcvr_substs);
-    let vtbl = tcx.codegen_fulfill_obligation((param_env, ty::Binder::bind(trait_ref)))?;
+    let vtbl = tcx.codegen_fulfill_obligation((param_env, ty::Binder::bind(trait_ref, tcx)))?;
 
     // Now that we know which impl is being used, we can dispatch to
     // the actual function:
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/astconv/errors.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/astconv/errors.rs
index b5404c3a15c..695132281c6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/astconv/errors.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/astconv/errors.rs
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ use rustc_span::symbol::{sym, Ident};
 use rustc_span::{Span, DUMMY_SP};
 
 use std::collections::BTreeSet;
+use std::iter;
 
 impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
     /// On missing type parameters, emit an E0393 error and provide a structured suggestion using
@@ -309,7 +310,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
                 // that the user forgot to give the associtated type's name. The canonical
                 // example would be trying to use `Iterator<isize>` instead of
                 // `Iterator<Item = isize>`.
-                for (potential, item) in potential_assoc_types.iter().zip(assoc_items.iter()) {
+                for (potential, item) in iter::zip(&potential_assoc_types, assoc_items) {
                     if let Ok(snippet) = tcx.sess.source_map().span_to_snippet(*potential) {
                         suggestions.push((*potential, format!("{} = {}", item.ident, snippet)));
                     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/astconv/generics.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/astconv/generics.rs
index 9625211109d..845375f3e32 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/astconv/generics.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/astconv/generics.rs
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
         parent_substs: &[subst::GenericArg<'tcx>],
         has_self: bool,
         self_ty: Option<Ty<'tcx>>,
-        arg_count: GenericArgCountResult,
+        arg_count: &GenericArgCountResult,
         ctx: &mut impl CreateSubstsForGenericArgsCtxt<'a, 'tcx>,
     ) -> SubstsRef<'tcx> {
         // Collect the segments of the path; we need to substitute arguments
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/astconv/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/astconv/mod.rs
index dbc518da8c8..b6de491911a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/astconv/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/astconv/mod.rs
@@ -210,14 +210,20 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
         let r = match tcx.named_region(lifetime.hir_id) {
             Some(rl::Region::Static) => tcx.lifetimes.re_static,
 
-            Some(rl::Region::LateBound(debruijn, id, _)) => {
-                let name = lifetime_name(id.expect_local());
-                let br = ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrNamed(id, name) };
+            Some(rl::Region::LateBound(debruijn, index, def_id, _)) => {
+                let name = lifetime_name(def_id.expect_local());
+                let br = ty::BoundRegion {
+                    var: ty::BoundVar::from_u32(index),
+                    kind: ty::BrNamed(def_id, name),
+                };
                 tcx.mk_region(ty::ReLateBound(debruijn, br))
             }
 
-            Some(rl::Region::LateBoundAnon(debruijn, index)) => {
-                let br = ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrAnon(index) };
+            Some(rl::Region::LateBoundAnon(debruijn, index, anon_index)) => {
+                let br = ty::BoundRegion {
+                    var: ty::BoundVar::from_u32(index),
+                    kind: ty::BrAnon(anon_index),
+                };
                 tcx.mk_region(ty::ReLateBound(debruijn, br))
             }
 
@@ -266,7 +272,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
         def_id: DefId,
         item_segment: &hir::PathSegment<'_>,
     ) -> SubstsRef<'tcx> {
-        let (substs, assoc_bindings, _) = self.create_substs_for_ast_path(
+        let (substs, _) = self.create_substs_for_ast_path(
             span,
             def_id,
             &[],
@@ -275,6 +281,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
             item_segment.infer_args,
             None,
         );
+        let assoc_bindings = self.create_assoc_bindings_for_generic_args(item_segment.args());
 
         if let Some(b) = assoc_bindings.first() {
             Self::prohibit_assoc_ty_binding(self.tcx(), b.span);
@@ -314,6 +321,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
     /// `[Vec<u8>, u8]` and `generic_args` are the arguments for the associated
     /// type itself: `['a]`. The returned `SubstsRef` concatenates these two
     /// lists: `[Vec<u8>, u8, 'a]`.
+    #[tracing::instrument(level = "debug", skip(self, span))]
     fn create_substs_for_ast_path<'a>(
         &self,
         span: Span,
@@ -323,15 +331,10 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
         generic_args: &'a hir::GenericArgs<'_>,
         infer_args: bool,
         self_ty: Option<Ty<'tcx>>,
-    ) -> (SubstsRef<'tcx>, Vec<ConvertedBinding<'a, 'tcx>>, GenericArgCountResult) {
+    ) -> (SubstsRef<'tcx>, GenericArgCountResult) {
         // If the type is parameterized by this region, then replace this
         // region with the current anon region binding (in other words,
         // whatever & would get replaced with).
-        debug!(
-            "create_substs_for_ast_path(def_id={:?}, self_ty={:?}, \
-                generic_args={:?})",
-            def_id, self_ty, generic_args
-        );
 
         let tcx = self.tcx();
         let generics = tcx.generics_of(def_id);
@@ -367,7 +370,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
         // here and so associated type bindings will be handled regardless of whether there are any
         // non-`Self` generic parameters.
         if generics.params.len() == 0 {
-            return (tcx.intern_substs(&[]), vec![], arg_count);
+            return (tcx.intern_substs(&[]), arg_count);
         }
 
         let is_object = self_ty.map_or(false, |ty| ty == self.tcx().types.trait_object_dummy_self);
@@ -540,7 +543,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
             parent_substs,
             self_ty.is_some(),
             self_ty,
-            arg_count.clone(),
+            &arg_count,
             &mut substs_ctx,
         );
 
@@ -551,6 +554,18 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
             generic_args.args.is_empty(),
         );
 
+        debug!(
+            "create_substs_for_ast_path(generic_params={:?}, self_ty={:?}) -> {:?}",
+            generics, self_ty, substs
+        );
+
+        (substs, arg_count)
+    }
+
+    fn create_assoc_bindings_for_generic_args<'a>(
+        &self,
+        generic_args: &'a hir::GenericArgs<'_>,
+    ) -> Vec<ConvertedBinding<'a, 'tcx>> {
         // Convert associated-type bindings or constraints into a separate vector.
         // Example: Given this:
         //
@@ -581,12 +596,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
             })
             .collect();
 
-        debug!(
-            "create_substs_for_ast_path(generic_params={:?}, self_ty={:?}) -> {:?}",
-            generics, self_ty, substs
-        );
-
-        (substs, assoc_bindings, arg_count)
+        assoc_bindings
     }
 
     crate fn create_substs_for_associated_item(
@@ -636,8 +646,27 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
         )
     }
 
-    /// The given trait-ref must actually be a trait.
-    pub(super) fn instantiate_poly_trait_ref_inner(
+    /// Given a trait bound like `Debug`, applies that trait bound the given self-type to construct
+    /// a full trait reference. The resulting trait reference is returned. This may also generate
+    /// auxiliary bounds, which are added to `bounds`.
+    ///
+    /// Example:
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// poly_trait_ref = Iterator<Item = u32>
+    /// self_ty = Foo
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// this would return `Foo: Iterator` and add `<Foo as Iterator>::Item = u32` into `bounds`.
+    ///
+    /// **A note on binders:** against our usual convention, there is an implied bounder around
+    /// the `self_ty` and `poly_trait_ref` parameters here. So they may reference bound regions.
+    /// If for example you had `for<'a> Foo<'a>: Bar<'a>`, then the `self_ty` would be `Foo<'a>`
+    /// where `'a` is a bound region at depth 0. Similarly, the `poly_trait_ref` would be
+    /// `Bar<'a>`. The returned poly-trait-ref will have this binder instantiated explicitly,
+    /// however.
+    #[tracing::instrument(level = "debug", skip(self, span, constness, bounds, speculative))]
+    pub fn instantiate_poly_trait_ref(
         &self,
         trait_ref: &hir::TraitRef<'_>,
         span: Span,
@@ -648,18 +677,25 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
     ) -> GenericArgCountResult {
         let trait_def_id = trait_ref.trait_def_id().unwrap_or_else(|| FatalError.raise());
 
-        debug!("instantiate_poly_trait_ref({:?}, def_id={:?})", trait_ref, trait_def_id);
-
         self.prohibit_generics(trait_ref.path.segments.split_last().unwrap().1);
 
-        let (substs, assoc_bindings, arg_count) = self.create_substs_for_ast_trait_ref(
+        let tcx = self.tcx();
+        let bound_vars = tcx.late_bound_vars(trait_ref.hir_ref_id);
+        debug!(?bound_vars);
+
+        let (substs, arg_count) = self.create_substs_for_ast_trait_ref(
             trait_ref.path.span,
             trait_def_id,
             self_ty,
             trait_ref.path.segments.last().unwrap(),
         );
-        let poly_trait_ref = ty::Binder::bind(ty::TraitRef::new(trait_def_id, substs));
+        let assoc_bindings = self
+            .create_assoc_bindings_for_generic_args(trait_ref.path.segments.last().unwrap().args());
 
+        let poly_trait_ref =
+            ty::Binder::bind_with_vars(ty::TraitRef::new(trait_def_id, substs), bound_vars);
+
+        debug!(?poly_trait_ref, ?assoc_bindings);
         bounds.trait_bounds.push((poly_trait_ref, span, constness));
 
         let mut dup_bindings = FxHashMap::default();
@@ -677,50 +713,9 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
             // Okay to ignore `Err` because of `ErrorReported` (see above).
         }
 
-        debug!(
-            "instantiate_poly_trait_ref({:?}, bounds={:?}) -> {:?}",
-            trait_ref, bounds, poly_trait_ref
-        );
-
         arg_count
     }
 
-    /// Given a trait bound like `Debug`, applies that trait bound the given self-type to construct
-    /// a full trait reference. The resulting trait reference is returned. This may also generate
-    /// auxiliary bounds, which are added to `bounds`.
-    ///
-    /// Example:
-    ///
-    /// ```
-    /// poly_trait_ref = Iterator<Item = u32>
-    /// self_ty = Foo
-    /// ```
-    ///
-    /// this would return `Foo: Iterator` and add `<Foo as Iterator>::Item = u32` into `bounds`.
-    ///
-    /// **A note on binders:** against our usual convention, there is an implied bounder around
-    /// the `self_ty` and `poly_trait_ref` parameters here. So they may reference bound regions.
-    /// If for example you had `for<'a> Foo<'a>: Bar<'a>`, then the `self_ty` would be `Foo<'a>`
-    /// where `'a` is a bound region at depth 0. Similarly, the `poly_trait_ref` would be
-    /// `Bar<'a>`. The returned poly-trait-ref will have this binder instantiated explicitly,
-    /// however.
-    pub fn instantiate_poly_trait_ref(
-        &self,
-        poly_trait_ref: &hir::PolyTraitRef<'_>,
-        constness: Constness,
-        self_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
-        bounds: &mut Bounds<'tcx>,
-    ) -> GenericArgCountResult {
-        self.instantiate_poly_trait_ref_inner(
-            &poly_trait_ref.trait_ref,
-            poly_trait_ref.span,
-            constness,
-            self_ty,
-            bounds,
-            false,
-        )
-    }
-
     pub fn instantiate_lang_item_trait_ref(
         &self,
         lang_item: hir::LangItem,
@@ -732,7 +727,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
     ) {
         let trait_def_id = self.tcx().require_lang_item(lang_item, Some(span));
 
-        let (substs, assoc_bindings, _) = self.create_substs_for_ast_path(
+        let (substs, _) = self.create_substs_for_ast_path(
             span,
             trait_def_id,
             &[],
@@ -741,7 +736,11 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
             false,
             Some(self_ty),
         );
-        let poly_trait_ref = ty::Binder::bind(ty::TraitRef::new(trait_def_id, substs));
+        let assoc_bindings = self.create_assoc_bindings_for_generic_args(args);
+        let tcx = self.tcx();
+        let bound_vars = tcx.late_bound_vars(hir_id);
+        let poly_trait_ref =
+            ty::Binder::bind_with_vars(ty::TraitRef::new(trait_def_id, substs), bound_vars);
         bounds.trait_bounds.push((poly_trait_ref, span, Constness::NotConst));
 
         let mut dup_bindings = FxHashMap::default();
@@ -765,23 +764,23 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
         self_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
         trait_segment: &hir::PathSegment<'_>,
     ) -> ty::TraitRef<'tcx> {
-        let (substs, assoc_bindings, _) =
+        let (substs, _) =
             self.create_substs_for_ast_trait_ref(span, trait_def_id, self_ty, trait_segment);
+        let assoc_bindings = self.create_assoc_bindings_for_generic_args(trait_segment.args());
         if let Some(b) = assoc_bindings.first() {
             Self::prohibit_assoc_ty_binding(self.tcx(), b.span);
         }
         ty::TraitRef::new(trait_def_id, substs)
     }
 
+    #[tracing::instrument(level = "debug", skip(self, span))]
     fn create_substs_for_ast_trait_ref<'a>(
         &self,
         span: Span,
         trait_def_id: DefId,
         self_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
         trait_segment: &'a hir::PathSegment<'a>,
-    ) -> (SubstsRef<'tcx>, Vec<ConvertedBinding<'a, 'tcx>>, GenericArgCountResult) {
-        debug!("create_substs_for_ast_trait_ref(trait_segment={:?})", trait_segment);
-
+    ) -> (SubstsRef<'tcx>, GenericArgCountResult) {
         self.complain_about_internal_fn_trait(span, trait_def_id, trait_segment);
 
         self.create_substs_for_ast_path(
@@ -803,7 +802,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
     }
 
     // Returns `true` if a bounds list includes `?Sized`.
-    pub fn is_unsized(&self, ast_bounds: &[&hir::GenericBound<'_>], span: Span) -> bool {
+    pub fn is_unsized(&self, ast_bounds: &[hir::GenericBound<'_>], span: Span) -> bool {
         let tcx = self.tcx();
 
         // Try to find an unbound in bounds.
@@ -858,29 +857,46 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
     /// **A note on binders:** there is an implied binder around
     /// `param_ty` and `ast_bounds`. See `instantiate_poly_trait_ref`
     /// for more details.
+    #[tracing::instrument(level = "debug", skip(self, bounds))]
     fn add_bounds(
         &self,
         param_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
-        ast_bounds: &[&hir::GenericBound<'_>],
+        ast_bounds: &[hir::GenericBound<'_>],
         bounds: &mut Bounds<'tcx>,
+        bound_vars: &'tcx ty::List<ty::BoundVariableKind>,
     ) {
         let constness = self.default_constness_for_trait_bounds();
         for ast_bound in ast_bounds {
             match *ast_bound {
                 hir::GenericBound::Trait(ref b, hir::TraitBoundModifier::None) => {
-                    self.instantiate_poly_trait_ref(b, constness, param_ty, bounds);
+                    self.instantiate_poly_trait_ref(
+                        &b.trait_ref,
+                        b.span,
+                        constness,
+                        param_ty,
+                        bounds,
+                        false,
+                    );
                 }
                 hir::GenericBound::Trait(ref b, hir::TraitBoundModifier::MaybeConst) => {
-                    self.instantiate_poly_trait_ref(b, Constness::NotConst, param_ty, bounds);
+                    self.instantiate_poly_trait_ref(
+                        &b.trait_ref,
+                        b.span,
+                        Constness::NotConst,
+                        param_ty,
+                        bounds,
+                        false,
+                    );
                 }
                 hir::GenericBound::Trait(_, hir::TraitBoundModifier::Maybe) => {}
                 hir::GenericBound::LangItemTrait(lang_item, span, hir_id, args) => self
                     .instantiate_lang_item_trait_ref(
-                        *lang_item, *span, *hir_id, args, param_ty, bounds,
+                        lang_item, span, hir_id, args, param_ty, bounds,
                     ),
-                hir::GenericBound::Outlives(ref l) => bounds
-                    .region_bounds
-                    .push((ty::Binder::bind(self.ast_region_to_region(l, None)), l.span)),
+                hir::GenericBound::Outlives(ref l) => bounds.region_bounds.push((
+                    ty::Binder::bind_with_vars(self.ast_region_to_region(l, None), bound_vars),
+                    l.span,
+                )),
             }
         }
     }
@@ -908,7 +924,6 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
         sized_by_default: SizedByDefault,
         span: Span,
     ) -> Bounds<'tcx> {
-        let ast_bounds: Vec<_> = ast_bounds.iter().collect();
         self.compute_bounds_inner(param_ty, &ast_bounds, sized_by_default, span)
     }
 
@@ -928,7 +943,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
             if let Some(trait_ref) = ast_bound.trait_ref() {
                 if let Some(trait_did) = trait_ref.trait_def_id() {
                     if self.tcx().trait_may_define_assoc_type(trait_did, assoc_name) {
-                        result.push(ast_bound);
+                        result.push(ast_bound.clone());
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -940,13 +955,13 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
     fn compute_bounds_inner(
         &self,
         param_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
-        ast_bounds: &[&hir::GenericBound<'_>],
+        ast_bounds: &[hir::GenericBound<'_>],
         sized_by_default: SizedByDefault,
         span: Span,
     ) -> Bounds<'tcx> {
         let mut bounds = Bounds::default();
 
-        self.add_bounds(param_ty, ast_bounds, &mut bounds);
+        self.add_bounds(param_ty, ast_bounds, &mut bounds, ty::List::empty());
 
         bounds.implicitly_sized = if let SizedByDefault::Yes = sized_by_default {
             if !self.is_unsized(ast_bounds, span) { Some(span) } else { None }
@@ -963,6 +978,10 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
     /// **A note on binders:** given something like `T: for<'a> Iterator<Item = &'a u32>`, the
     /// `trait_ref` here will be `for<'a> T: Iterator`. The `binding` data however is from *inside*
     /// the binder (e.g., `&'a u32`) and hence may reference bound regions.
+    #[tracing::instrument(
+        level = "debug",
+        skip(self, bounds, speculative, dup_bindings, path_span)
+    )]
     fn add_predicates_for_ast_type_binding(
         &self,
         hir_ref_id: hir::HirId,
@@ -989,7 +1008,6 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
         //
         // We want to produce `<B as SuperTrait<i32>>::T == foo`.
 
-        debug!(?hir_ref_id, ?trait_ref, ?binding, ?bounds, "add_predicates_for_ast_type_binding",);
         let tcx = self.tcx();
 
         let candidate =
@@ -1090,7 +1108,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
                 let late_bound_in_trait_ref =
                     tcx.collect_constrained_late_bound_regions(&projection_ty);
                 let late_bound_in_ty =
-                    tcx.collect_referenced_late_bound_regions(&ty::Binder::bind(ty));
+                    tcx.collect_referenced_late_bound_regions(&trait_ref.rebind(ty));
                 debug!("late_bound_in_trait_ref = {:?}", late_bound_in_trait_ref);
                 debug!("late_bound_in_ty = {:?}", late_bound_in_ty);
 
@@ -1139,10 +1157,8 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
                 //
                 // Calling `skip_binder` is okay, because `add_bounds` expects the `param_ty`
                 // parameter to have a skipped binder.
-                let param_ty =
-                    tcx.mk_projection(assoc_ty.def_id, projection_ty.skip_binder().substs);
-                let ast_bounds: Vec<_> = ast_bounds.iter().collect();
-                self.add_bounds(param_ty, &ast_bounds, bounds);
+                let param_ty = tcx.mk_ty(ty::Projection(projection_ty.skip_binder()));
+                self.add_bounds(param_ty, ast_bounds, bounds, candidate.bound_vars());
             }
         }
         Ok(())
@@ -1176,10 +1192,12 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
                     Err(GenericArgCountMismatch { invalid_args: cur_potential_assoc_types, .. }),
                 ..
             } = self.instantiate_poly_trait_ref(
-                trait_bound,
+                &trait_bound.trait_ref,
+                trait_bound.span,
                 Constness::NotConst,
                 dummy_self,
                 &mut bounds,
+                false,
             ) {
                 potential_assoc_types.extend(cur_potential_assoc_types);
             }
@@ -1664,7 +1682,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
                 };
 
                 self.one_bound_for_assoc_type(
-                    || traits::supertraits(tcx, ty::Binder::bind(trait_ref)),
+                    || traits::supertraits(tcx, ty::Binder::bind(trait_ref, tcx)),
                     || "Self".to_string(),
                     assoc_ident,
                     span,
@@ -2199,6 +2217,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
                 require_c_abi_if_c_variadic(tcx, &bf.decl, bf.abi, ast_ty.span);
 
                 tcx.mk_fn_ptr(self.ty_of_fn(
+                    ast_ty.hir_id,
                     bf.unsafety,
                     bf.abi,
                     &bf.decl,
@@ -2241,7 +2260,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
             }
             hir::TyKind::Path(hir::QPath::LangItem(lang_item, span)) => {
                 let def_id = tcx.require_lang_item(lang_item, Some(span));
-                let (substs, _, _) = self.create_substs_for_ast_path(
+                let (substs, _) = self.create_substs_for_ast_path(
                     span,
                     def_id,
                     &[],
@@ -2278,7 +2297,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
         result_ty
     }
 
-    pub fn impl_trait_ty_to_ty(
+    fn impl_trait_ty_to_ty(
         &self,
         def_id: DefId,
         lifetimes: &[hir::GenericArg<'_>],
@@ -2339,6 +2358,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
 
     pub fn ty_of_fn(
         &self,
+        hir_id: hir::HirId,
         unsafety: hir::Unsafety,
         abi: abi::Abi,
         decl: &hir::FnDecl<'_>,
@@ -2349,6 +2369,8 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
         debug!("ty_of_fn");
 
         let tcx = self.tcx();
+        let bound_vars = tcx.late_bound_vars(hir_id);
+        debug!(?bound_vars);
 
         // We proactively collect all the inferred type params to emit a single error per fn def.
         let mut visitor = PlaceholderHirTyCollector::default();
@@ -2368,8 +2390,8 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
 
         debug!("ty_of_fn: output_ty={:?}", output_ty);
 
-        let bare_fn_ty =
-            ty::Binder::bind(tcx.mk_fn_sig(input_tys, output_ty, decl.c_variadic, unsafety, abi));
+        let fn_ty = tcx.mk_fn_sig(input_tys, output_ty, decl.c_variadic, unsafety, abi);
+        let bare_fn_ty = ty::Binder::bind_with_vars(fn_ty, bound_vars);
 
         if !self.allow_ty_infer() {
             // We always collect the spans for placeholder types when evaluating `fn`s, but we
@@ -2450,7 +2472,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
     fn compute_object_lifetime_bound(
         &self,
         span: Span,
-        existential_predicates: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
+        existential_predicates: &'tcx ty::List<ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::ExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>>,
     ) -> Option<ty::Region<'tcx>> // if None, use the default
     {
         let tcx = self.tcx();
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/bounds.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/bounds.rs
index 7ba90ad8819..5d200640722 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/bounds.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/bounds.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ pub struct Bounds<'tcx> {
     /// A list of region bounds on the (implicit) self type. So if you
     /// had `T: 'a + 'b` this might would be a list `['a, 'b]` (but
     /// the `T` is not explicitly included).
-    pub region_bounds: Vec<(ty::Binder<ty::Region<'tcx>>, Span)>,
+    pub region_bounds: Vec<(ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::Region<'tcx>>, Span)>,
 
     /// A list of trait bounds. So if you had `T: Debug` this would be
     /// `T: Debug`. Note that the self-type is explicit here.
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Bounds<'tcx> {
         // If it could be sized, and is, add the `Sized` predicate.
         let sized_predicate = self.implicitly_sized.and_then(|span| {
             tcx.lang_items().sized_trait().map(|sized| {
-                let trait_ref = ty::Binder::bind(ty::TraitRef {
+                let trait_ref = ty::Binder::dummy(ty::TraitRef {
                     def_id: sized,
                     substs: tcx.mk_substs_trait(param_ty, &[]),
                 });
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/callee.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/callee.rs
index a29f5518009..b48102e0fc9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/callee.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/callee.rs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ use rustc_span::symbol::{sym, Ident};
 use rustc_span::Span;
 use rustc_target::spec::abi;
 use rustc_trait_selection::autoderef::Autoderef;
+use std::iter;
 
 /// Checks that it is legal to call methods of the trait corresponding
 /// to `trait_id` (this only cares about the trait, not the specific
@@ -539,7 +540,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> DeferredCallResolution<'tcx> {
                 debug!("attempt_resolution: method_callee={:?}", method_callee);
 
                 for (method_arg_ty, self_arg_ty) in
-                    method_sig.inputs().iter().skip(1).zip(self.fn_sig.inputs())
+                    iter::zip(method_sig.inputs().iter().skip(1), self.fn_sig.inputs())
                 {
                     fcx.demand_eqtype(self.call_expr.span, &self_arg_ty, &method_arg_ty);
                 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/check.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/check.rs
index e2fc1da5c78..892abb5a344 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/check.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/check.rs
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ use rustc_trait_selection::opaque_types::InferCtxtExt as _;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::error_reporting::InferCtxtExt as _;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::{self, ObligationCauseCode};
 
+use std::iter;
 use std::ops::ControlFlow;
 
 pub fn check_wf_new(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>) {
@@ -1472,7 +1473,7 @@ fn check_enum<'tcx>(
     }
 
     let mut disr_vals: Vec<Discr<'tcx>> = Vec::with_capacity(vs.len());
-    for ((_, discr), v) in def.discriminants(tcx).zip(vs) {
+    for ((_, discr), v) in iter::zip(def.discriminants(tcx), vs) {
         // Check for duplicate discriminant values
         if let Some(i) = disr_vals.iter().position(|&x| x.val == discr.val) {
             let variant_did = def.variants[VariantIdx::new(i)].def_id;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/closure.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/closure.rs
index 431e6d70ff3..22d3dc6bdc0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/closure.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/closure.rs
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         let expr_def_id = self.tcx.hir().local_def_id(expr.hir_id);
 
         let ClosureSignatures { bound_sig, liberated_sig } =
-            self.sig_of_closure(expr_def_id.to_def_id(), decl, body, expected_sig);
+            self.sig_of_closure(expr.hir_id, expr_def_id.to_def_id(), decl, body, expected_sig);
 
         debug!("check_closure: ty_of_closure returns {:?}", liberated_sig);
 
@@ -288,15 +288,16 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
 
     fn sig_of_closure(
         &self,
+        hir_id: hir::HirId,
         expr_def_id: DefId,
         decl: &hir::FnDecl<'_>,
         body: &hir::Body<'_>,
         expected_sig: Option<ExpectedSig<'tcx>>,
     ) -> ClosureSignatures<'tcx> {
         if let Some(e) = expected_sig {
-            self.sig_of_closure_with_expectation(expr_def_id, decl, body, e)
+            self.sig_of_closure_with_expectation(hir_id, expr_def_id, decl, body, e)
         } else {
-            self.sig_of_closure_no_expectation(expr_def_id, decl, body)
+            self.sig_of_closure_no_expectation(hir_id, expr_def_id, decl, body)
         }
     }
 
@@ -304,13 +305,14 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
     /// types that the user gave into a signature.
     fn sig_of_closure_no_expectation(
         &self,
+        hir_id: hir::HirId,
         expr_def_id: DefId,
         decl: &hir::FnDecl<'_>,
         body: &hir::Body<'_>,
     ) -> ClosureSignatures<'tcx> {
         debug!("sig_of_closure_no_expectation()");
 
-        let bound_sig = self.supplied_sig_of_closure(expr_def_id, decl, body);
+        let bound_sig = self.supplied_sig_of_closure(hir_id, expr_def_id, decl, body);
 
         self.closure_sigs(expr_def_id, body, bound_sig)
     }
@@ -364,6 +366,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
     ///   regions with depth 1, which are bound then by the closure.
     fn sig_of_closure_with_expectation(
         &self,
+        hir_id: hir::HirId,
         expr_def_id: DefId,
         decl: &hir::FnDecl<'_>,
         body: &hir::Body<'_>,
@@ -375,7 +378,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         // expectation if things don't see to match up with what we
         // expect.
         if expected_sig.sig.c_variadic() != decl.c_variadic {
-            return self.sig_of_closure_no_expectation(expr_def_id, decl, body);
+            return self.sig_of_closure_no_expectation(hir_id, expr_def_id, decl, body);
         } else if expected_sig.sig.skip_binder().inputs_and_output.len() != decl.inputs.len() + 1 {
             return self.sig_of_closure_with_mismatched_number_of_arguments(
                 expr_def_id,
@@ -411,9 +414,15 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         // Along the way, it also writes out entries for types that the user
         // wrote into our typeck results, which are then later used by the privacy
         // check.
-        match self.check_supplied_sig_against_expectation(expr_def_id, decl, body, &closure_sigs) {
+        match self.check_supplied_sig_against_expectation(
+            hir_id,
+            expr_def_id,
+            decl,
+            body,
+            &closure_sigs,
+        ) {
             Ok(infer_ok) => self.register_infer_ok_obligations(infer_ok),
-            Err(_) => return self.sig_of_closure_no_expectation(expr_def_id, decl, body),
+            Err(_) => return self.sig_of_closure_no_expectation(hir_id, expr_def_id, decl, body),
         }
 
         closure_sigs
@@ -460,6 +469,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
     /// strategy.
     fn check_supplied_sig_against_expectation(
         &self,
+        hir_id: hir::HirId,
         expr_def_id: DefId,
         decl: &hir::FnDecl<'_>,
         body: &hir::Body<'_>,
@@ -469,7 +479,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         //
         // (See comment on `sig_of_closure_with_expectation` for the
         // meaning of these letters.)
-        let supplied_sig = self.supplied_sig_of_closure(expr_def_id, decl, body);
+        let supplied_sig = self.supplied_sig_of_closure(hir_id, expr_def_id, decl, body);
 
         debug!("check_supplied_sig_against_expectation: supplied_sig={:?}", supplied_sig);
 
@@ -492,13 +502,13 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
 
             // The liberated version of this signature should be a subtype
             // of the liberated form of the expectation.
-            for ((hir_ty, &supplied_ty), expected_ty) in decl
-                .inputs
-                .iter()
-                .zip(supplied_sig.inputs().skip_binder()) // binder moved to (*) below
-                .zip(expected_sigs.liberated_sig.inputs())
-            // `liberated_sig` is E'.
-            {
+            for ((hir_ty, &supplied_ty), expected_ty) in iter::zip(
+                iter::zip(
+                    decl.inputs,
+                    supplied_sig.inputs().skip_binder(), // binder moved to (*) below
+                ),
+                expected_sigs.liberated_sig.inputs(), // `liberated_sig` is E'.
+            ) {
                 // Instantiate (this part of..) S to S', i.e., with fresh variables.
                 let (supplied_ty, _) = self.infcx.replace_bound_vars_with_fresh_vars(
                     hir_ty.span,
@@ -534,6 +544,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
     /// Also, record this closure signature for later.
     fn supplied_sig_of_closure(
         &self,
+        hir_id: hir::HirId,
         expr_def_id: DefId,
         decl: &hir::FnDecl<'_>,
         body: &hir::Body<'_>,
@@ -545,6 +556,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             decl, body.generator_kind,
         );
 
+        let bound_vars = self.tcx.late_bound_vars(hir_id);
+
         // First, convert the types that the user supplied (if any).
         let supplied_arguments = decl.inputs.iter().map(|a| astconv.ast_ty_to_ty(a));
         let supplied_return = match decl.output {
@@ -571,13 +584,16 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             },
         };
 
-        let result = ty::Binder::bind(self.tcx.mk_fn_sig(
-            supplied_arguments,
-            supplied_return,
-            decl.c_variadic,
-            hir::Unsafety::Normal,
-            Abi::RustCall,
-        ));
+        let result = ty::Binder::bind_with_vars(
+            self.tcx.mk_fn_sig(
+                supplied_arguments,
+                supplied_return,
+                decl.c_variadic,
+                hir::Unsafety::Normal,
+                Abi::RustCall,
+            ),
+            bound_vars,
+        );
 
         debug!("supplied_sig_of_closure: result={:?}", result);
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/coercion.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/coercion.rs
index 94aee87364a..68a923a55eb 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/coercion.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/coercion.rs
@@ -1487,7 +1487,7 @@ impl<'tcx, 'exprs, E: AsCoercionSite> CoerceMany<'tcx, 'exprs, E> {
         if let (Some((expr, _)), Some((fn_decl, _, _))) =
             (expression, fcx.get_node_fn_decl(parent_item))
         {
-            fcx.suggest_missing_return_expr(&mut err, expr, fn_decl, expected, found);
+            fcx.suggest_missing_return_expr(&mut err, expr, fn_decl, expected, found, parent_id);
         }
 
         if let (Some(sp), Some(fn_output)) = (fcx.ret_coercion_span.get(), fn_output) {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/compare_method.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/compare_method.rs
index ddb11b9f3b1..f044daa4509 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/compare_method.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/compare_method.rs
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ use rustc_middle::ty::{GenericParamDefKind, ToPredicate, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_span::Span;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::error_reporting::InferCtxtExt;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::{self, ObligationCause, ObligationCauseCode, Reveal};
+use std::iter;
 
 use super::{potentially_plural_count, FnCtxt, Inherited};
 
@@ -224,7 +225,7 @@ fn compare_predicate_entailment<'tcx>(
         let (impl_m_own_bounds, _) = infcx.replace_bound_vars_with_fresh_vars(
             impl_m_span,
             infer::HigherRankedType,
-            ty::Binder::bind(impl_m_own_bounds.predicates),
+            ty::Binder::bind(impl_m_own_bounds.predicates, tcx),
         );
         for predicate in impl_m_own_bounds {
             let traits::Normalized { value: predicate, obligations } =
@@ -257,14 +258,14 @@ fn compare_predicate_entailment<'tcx>(
         );
         let impl_sig =
             inh.normalize_associated_types_in(impl_m_span, impl_m_hir_id, param_env, impl_sig);
-        let impl_fty = tcx.mk_fn_ptr(ty::Binder::bind(impl_sig));
+        let impl_fty = tcx.mk_fn_ptr(ty::Binder::bind(impl_sig, tcx));
         debug!("compare_impl_method: impl_fty={:?}", impl_fty);
 
         let trait_sig = tcx.liberate_late_bound_regions(impl_m.def_id, tcx.fn_sig(trait_m.def_id));
         let trait_sig = trait_sig.subst(tcx, trait_to_placeholder_substs);
         let trait_sig =
             inh.normalize_associated_types_in(impl_m_span, impl_m_hir_id, param_env, trait_sig);
-        let trait_fty = tcx.mk_fn_ptr(ty::Binder::bind(trait_sig));
+        let trait_fty = tcx.mk_fn_ptr(ty::Binder::bind(trait_sig, tcx));
 
         debug!("compare_impl_method: trait_fty={:?}", trait_fty);
 
@@ -410,8 +411,7 @@ fn extract_spans_for_error_reporting<'a, 'tcx>(
                     _ => bug!("{:?} is not a TraitItemKind::Fn", trait_m),
                 };
 
-                impl_m_iter
-                    .zip(trait_m_iter)
+                iter::zip(impl_m_iter, trait_m_iter)
                     .find(|&(ref impl_arg, ref trait_arg)| {
                         match (&impl_arg.kind, &trait_arg.kind) {
                             (
@@ -443,11 +443,8 @@ fn extract_spans_for_error_reporting<'a, 'tcx>(
 
                 let impl_iter = impl_sig.inputs().iter();
                 let trait_iter = trait_sig.inputs().iter();
-                impl_iter
-                    .zip(trait_iter)
-                    .zip(impl_m_iter)
-                    .zip(trait_m_iter)
-                    .find_map(|(((&impl_arg_ty, &trait_arg_ty), impl_arg), trait_arg)| match infcx
+                iter::zip(iter::zip(impl_iter, trait_iter), iter::zip(impl_m_iter, trait_m_iter))
+                    .find_map(|((&impl_arg_ty, &trait_arg_ty), (impl_arg, trait_arg))| match infcx
                         .at(&cause, param_env)
                         .sub(trait_arg_ty, impl_arg_ty)
                     {
@@ -799,7 +796,7 @@ fn compare_synthetic_generics<'tcx>(
         GenericParamDefKind::Lifetime | GenericParamDefKind::Const { .. } => None,
     });
     for ((impl_def_id, impl_synthetic), (trait_def_id, trait_synthetic)) in
-        impl_m_type_params.zip(trait_m_type_params)
+        iter::zip(impl_m_type_params, trait_m_type_params)
     {
         if impl_synthetic != trait_synthetic {
             let impl_hir_id = tcx.hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(impl_def_id.expect_local());
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/dropck.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/dropck.rs
index 4d74962d28e..de6336b254b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/dropck.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/dropck.rs
@@ -354,9 +354,9 @@ impl TypeRelation<'tcx> for SimpleEqRelation<'tcx> {
 
     fn binders<T>(
         &mut self,
-        a: ty::Binder<T>,
-        b: ty::Binder<T>,
-    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<T>>
+        a: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+        b: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<'tcx, T>>
     where
         T: Relate<'tcx>,
     {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/expr.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/expr.rs
index 8951c08bd33..30d60514063 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/expr.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/expr.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use crate::astconv::AstConv as _;
 use crate::check::cast;
 use crate::check::coercion::CoerceMany;
 use crate::check::fatally_break_rust;
-use crate::check::method::{probe, MethodError, SelfSource};
+use crate::check::method::SelfSource;
 use crate::check::report_unexpected_variant_res;
 use crate::check::BreakableCtxt;
 use crate::check::Diverges;
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ use rustc_errors::{pluralize, struct_span_err, Applicability, DiagnosticBuilder,
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def::{CtorKind, DefKind, Res};
 use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
-use rustc_hir::lang_items::LangItem;
 use rustc_hir::{ExprKind, QPath};
 use rustc_infer::infer;
 use rustc_infer::infer::type_variable::{TypeVariableOrigin, TypeVariableOriginKind};
@@ -461,7 +460,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         self.resolve_lang_item_path(lang_item, expr.span, expr.hir_id).1
     }
 
-    fn check_expr_path(&self, qpath: &hir::QPath<'_>, expr: &'tcx hir::Expr<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
+    fn check_expr_path(
+        &self,
+        qpath: &'tcx hir::QPath<'tcx>,
+        expr: &'tcx hir::Expr<'tcx>,
+    ) -> Ty<'tcx> {
         let tcx = self.tcx;
         let (res, opt_ty, segs) = self.resolve_ty_and_res_ufcs(qpath, expr.hir_id, expr.span);
         let ty = match res {
@@ -947,7 +950,16 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             }
             Err(error) => {
                 if segment.ident.name != kw::Empty {
-                    self.report_extended_method_error(segment, span, args, rcvr_t, error);
+                    if let Some(mut err) = self.report_method_error(
+                        span,
+                        rcvr_t,
+                        segment.ident,
+                        SelfSource::MethodCall(&args[0]),
+                        error,
+                        Some(args),
+                    ) {
+                        err.emit();
+                    }
                 }
                 Err(())
             }
@@ -964,59 +976,6 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         )
     }
 
-    fn report_extended_method_error(
-        &self,
-        segment: &hir::PathSegment<'_>,
-        span: Span,
-        args: &'tcx [hir::Expr<'tcx>],
-        rcvr_t: Ty<'tcx>,
-        error: MethodError<'tcx>,
-    ) {
-        let rcvr = &args[0];
-        let try_alt_rcvr = |err: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>, new_rcvr_t| {
-            if let Some(new_rcvr_t) = new_rcvr_t {
-                if let Ok(pick) = self.lookup_probe(
-                    span,
-                    segment.ident,
-                    new_rcvr_t,
-                    rcvr,
-                    probe::ProbeScope::AllTraits,
-                ) {
-                    debug!("try_alt_rcvr: pick candidate {:?}", pick);
-                    // Make sure the method is defined for the *actual* receiver:
-                    // we don't want to treat `Box<Self>` as a receiver if
-                    // it only works because of an autoderef to `&self`
-                    if pick.autoderefs == 0 {
-                        err.span_label(
-                            pick.item.ident.span,
-                            &format!("the method is available for `{}` here", new_rcvr_t),
-                        );
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        };
-
-        if let Some(mut err) = self.report_method_error(
-            span,
-            rcvr_t,
-            segment.ident,
-            SelfSource::MethodCall(rcvr),
-            error,
-            Some(args),
-        ) {
-            if let ty::Adt(..) = rcvr_t.kind() {
-                // Try alternative arbitrary self types that could fulfill this call.
-                // FIXME: probe for all types that *could* be arbitrary self-types, not
-                // just this list.
-                try_alt_rcvr(&mut err, self.tcx.mk_lang_item(rcvr_t, LangItem::OwnedBox));
-                try_alt_rcvr(&mut err, self.tcx.mk_lang_item(rcvr_t, LangItem::Pin));
-                try_alt_rcvr(&mut err, self.tcx.mk_diagnostic_item(rcvr_t, sym::Arc));
-                try_alt_rcvr(&mut err, self.tcx.mk_diagnostic_item(rcvr_t, sym::Rc));
-            }
-            err.emit();
-        }
-    }
-
     fn check_expr_cast(
         &self,
         e: &'tcx hir::Expr<'tcx>,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/fn_ctxt/_impl.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/fn_ctxt/_impl.rs
index 56ff9293dd8..9ace4550421 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/fn_ctxt/_impl.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/fn_ctxt/_impl.rs
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ use rustc_trait_selection::traits::{
 };
 
 use std::collections::hash_map::Entry;
+use std::iter;
 use std::slice;
 
 impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
@@ -904,12 +905,12 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
 
     /// Resolves an associated value path into a base type and associated constant, or method
     /// resolution. The newly resolved definition is written into `type_dependent_defs`.
-    pub fn resolve_ty_and_res_ufcs<'b>(
+    pub fn resolve_ty_and_res_ufcs(
         &self,
-        qpath: &'b QPath<'b>,
+        qpath: &'tcx QPath<'tcx>,
         hir_id: hir::HirId,
         span: Span,
-    ) -> (Res, Option<Ty<'tcx>>, &'b [hir::PathSegment<'b>]) {
+    ) -> (Res, Option<Ty<'tcx>>, &'tcx [hir::PathSegment<'tcx>]) {
         debug!("resolve_ty_and_res_ufcs: qpath={:?} hir_id={:?} span={:?}", qpath, hir_id, span);
         let (ty, qself, item_segment) = match *qpath {
             QPath::Resolved(ref opt_qself, ref path) => {
@@ -1146,7 +1147,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                     (
                         hir::ItemKind::OpaqueTy(hir::OpaqueTy { bounds: last_bounds, .. }),
                         hir::ItemKind::OpaqueTy(hir::OpaqueTy { bounds: exp_bounds, .. }),
-                    ) if last_bounds.iter().zip(exp_bounds.iter()).all(|(left, right)| {
+                    ) if iter::zip(*last_bounds, *exp_bounds).all(|(left, right)| {
                         match (left, right) {
                             (
                                 hir::GenericBound::Trait(tl, ml),
@@ -1461,7 +1462,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                 &[][..],
                 has_self,
                 self_ty,
-                arg_count,
+                &arg_count,
                 &mut CreateCtorSubstsContext {
                     fcx: self,
                     span,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/fn_ctxt/checks.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/fn_ctxt/checks.rs
index c92c7f7ad0b..80b5a9d4e62 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/fn_ctxt/checks.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/fn_ctxt/checks.rs
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ use rustc_span::{self, MultiSpan, Span};
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::{self, ObligationCauseCode, StatementAsExpression};
 
 use crate::structured_errors::StructuredDiagnostic;
+use std::iter;
 use std::slice;
 
 impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
@@ -108,7 +109,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
 
         // All the input types from the fn signature must outlive the call
         // so as to validate implied bounds.
-        for (&fn_input_ty, arg_expr) in fn_inputs.iter().zip(args.iter()) {
+        for (&fn_input_ty, arg_expr) in iter::zip(fn_inputs, args) {
             self.register_wf_obligation(fn_input_ty.into(), arg_expr.span, traits::MiscObligation);
         }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/fn_ctxt/suggestions.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/fn_ctxt/suggestions.rs
index f90159efb5c..6112a5fdc91 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/fn_ctxt/suggestions.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/fn_ctxt/suggestions.rs
@@ -55,7 +55,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         if let Some((fn_decl, can_suggest)) = self.get_fn_decl(blk_id) {
             pointing_at_return_type =
                 self.suggest_missing_return_type(err, &fn_decl, expected, found, can_suggest);
-            self.suggest_missing_return_expr(err, expr, &fn_decl, expected, found);
+            let fn_id = self.tcx.hir().get_return_block(blk_id).unwrap();
+            self.suggest_missing_return_expr(err, expr, &fn_decl, expected, found, fn_id);
         }
         pointing_at_return_type
     }
@@ -218,8 +219,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                 self.is_hir_id_from_struct_pattern_shorthand_field(expr.hir_id, expr.span);
             let methods = self.get_conversion_methods(expr.span, expected, found, expr.hir_id);
             if let Ok(expr_text) = self.sess().source_map().span_to_snippet(expr.span) {
-                let mut suggestions = iter::repeat(&expr_text)
-                    .zip(methods.iter())
+                let mut suggestions = iter::zip(iter::repeat(&expr_text), &methods)
                     .filter_map(|(receiver, method)| {
                         let method_call = format!(".{}()", method.ident);
                         if receiver.ends_with(&method_call) {
@@ -480,6 +480,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         fn_decl: &hir::FnDecl<'_>,
         expected: Ty<'tcx>,
         found: Ty<'tcx>,
+        id: hir::HirId,
     ) {
         if !expected.is_unit() {
             return;
@@ -487,7 +488,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         let found = self.resolve_vars_with_obligations(found);
         if let hir::FnRetTy::Return(ty) = fn_decl.output {
             let ty = <dyn AstConv<'_>>::ast_ty_to_ty(self, ty);
-            let ty = self.tcx.erase_late_bound_regions(Binder::bind(ty));
+            let bound_vars = self.tcx.late_bound_vars(id);
+            let ty = self.tcx.erase_late_bound_regions(Binder::bind_with_vars(ty, bound_vars));
             let ty = self.normalize_associated_types_in(expr.span, ty);
             if self.can_coerce(found, ty) {
                 err.multipart_suggestion(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/generator_interior.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/generator_interior.rs
index 91708465b3f..e40aa914858 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/generator_interior.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/generator_interior.rs
@@ -186,7 +186,10 @@ pub fn resolve_interior<'a, 'tcx>(
                 // which means that none of the regions inside relate to any other, even if
                 // typeck had previously found constraints that would cause them to be related.
                 let folded = fcx.tcx.fold_regions(erased, &mut false, |_, current_depth| {
-                    let br = ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrAnon(counter) };
+                    let br = ty::BoundRegion {
+                        var: ty::BoundVar::from_u32(counter),
+                        kind: ty::BrAnon(counter),
+                    };
                     let r = fcx.tcx.mk_region(ty::ReLateBound(current_depth, br));
                     counter += 1;
                     r
@@ -202,11 +205,15 @@ pub fn resolve_interior<'a, 'tcx>(
 
     // Extract type components to build the witness type.
     let type_list = fcx.tcx.mk_type_list(type_causes.iter().map(|cause| cause.ty));
-    let witness = fcx.tcx.mk_generator_witness(ty::Binder::bind(type_list));
+    let bound_vars = fcx.tcx.mk_bound_variable_kinds(
+        (0..counter).map(|i| ty::BoundVariableKind::Region(ty::BrAnon(i))),
+    );
+    let witness =
+        fcx.tcx.mk_generator_witness(ty::Binder::bind_with_vars(type_list, bound_vars.clone()));
 
     // Store the generator types and spans into the typeck results for this generator.
     visitor.fcx.inh.typeck_results.borrow_mut().generator_interior_types =
-        ty::Binder::bind(type_causes);
+        ty::Binder::bind_with_vars(type_causes, bound_vars);
 
     debug!(
         "types in generator after region replacement {:?}, span = {:?}",
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/intrinsic.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/intrinsic.rs
index 990ed5abdbf..303a77507cf 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/intrinsic.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/intrinsic.rs
@@ -101,12 +101,21 @@ pub fn check_intrinsic_type(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, it: &hir::ForeignItem<'_>) {
     let intrinsic_name = tcx.item_name(it.def_id.to_def_id());
     let name_str = intrinsic_name.as_str();
 
+    let bound_vars = tcx.mk_bound_variable_kinds(
+        [ty::BoundVariableKind::Region(ty::BrAnon(0)), ty::BoundVariableKind::Region(ty::BrEnv)]
+            .iter()
+            .copied(),
+    );
     let mk_va_list_ty = |mutbl| {
         tcx.lang_items().va_list().map(|did| {
-            let region = tcx
-                .mk_region(ty::ReLateBound(ty::INNERMOST, ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrAnon(0) }));
-            let env_region =
-                tcx.mk_region(ty::ReLateBound(ty::INNERMOST, ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrEnv }));
+            let region = tcx.mk_region(ty::ReLateBound(
+                ty::INNERMOST,
+                ty::BoundRegion { var: ty::BoundVar::from_u32(0), kind: ty::BrAnon(0) },
+            ));
+            let env_region = tcx.mk_region(ty::ReLateBound(
+                ty::INNERMOST,
+                ty::BoundRegion { var: ty::BoundVar::from_u32(1), kind: ty::BrEnv },
+            ));
             let va_list_ty = tcx.type_of(did).subst(tcx, &[region.into()]);
             (tcx.mk_ref(env_region, ty::TypeAndMut { ty: va_list_ty, mutbl }), va_list_ty)
         })
@@ -305,7 +314,7 @@ pub fn check_intrinsic_type(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, it: &hir::ForeignItem<'_>) {
                     tcx.associated_items(tcx.lang_items().discriminant_kind_trait().unwrap());
                 let discriminant_def_id = assoc_items.in_definition_order().next().unwrap().def_id;
 
-                let br = ty::BoundRegion { kind: ty::BrAnon(0) };
+                let br = ty::BoundRegion { var: ty::BoundVar::from_u32(0), kind: ty::BrAnon(0) };
                 (
                     1,
                     vec![
@@ -366,7 +375,7 @@ pub fn check_intrinsic_type(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, it: &hir::ForeignItem<'_>) {
         (n_tps, inputs, output, unsafety)
     };
     let sig = tcx.mk_fn_sig(inputs.into_iter(), output, false, unsafety, Abi::RustIntrinsic);
-    let sig = ty::Binder::bind(sig);
+    let sig = ty::Binder::bind_with_vars(sig, bound_vars);
     equate_intrinsic_type(tcx, it, n_tps, sig)
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/method/confirm.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/method/confirm.rs
index 731a72ff024..f546a0d8963 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/method/confirm.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/method/confirm.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ use rustc_middle::ty::{self, GenericParamDefKind, Ty};
 use rustc_span::Span;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits;
 
+use std::iter;
 use std::ops::Deref;
 
 struct ConfirmContext<'a, 'tcx> {
@@ -118,7 +119,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ConfirmContext<'a, 'tcx> {
         // We won't add these if we encountered an illegal sized bound, so that we can use
         // a custom error in that case.
         if illegal_sized_bound.is_none() {
-            let method_ty = self.tcx.mk_fn_ptr(ty::Binder::bind(method_sig));
+            let method_ty = self.tcx.mk_fn_ptr(ty::Binder::bind(method_sig, self.tcx));
             self.add_obligations(method_ty, all_substs, method_predicates);
         }
 
@@ -380,7 +381,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ConfirmContext<'a, 'tcx> {
             parent_substs,
             false,
             None,
-            arg_count_correct,
+            &arg_count_correct,
             &mut MethodSubstsCtxt { cfcx: self, pick, seg },
         )
     }
@@ -496,10 +497,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ConfirmContext<'a, 'tcx> {
             // We don't care about regions here.
             .filter_map(|obligation| match obligation.predicate.kind().skip_binder() {
                 ty::PredicateKind::Trait(trait_pred, _) if trait_pred.def_id() == sized_def_id => {
-                    let span = predicates
-                        .predicates
-                        .iter()
-                        .zip(predicates.spans.iter())
+                    let span = iter::zip(&predicates.predicates, &predicates.spans)
                         .find_map(
                             |(p, span)| {
                                 if *p == obligation.predicate { Some(*span) } else { None }
@@ -552,7 +550,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ConfirmContext<'a, 'tcx> {
         upcast_trait_refs.into_iter().next().unwrap()
     }
 
-    fn replace_bound_vars_with_fresh_vars<T>(&self, value: ty::Binder<T>) -> T
+    fn replace_bound_vars_with_fresh_vars<T>(&self, value: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>) -> T
     where
         T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
     {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/method/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/method/mod.rs
index d6fa6bf0067..bd7ffd057b4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/method/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/method/mod.rs
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ pub struct MethodCallee<'tcx> {
     pub sig: ty::FnSig<'tcx>,
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug)]
 pub enum MethodError<'tcx> {
     // Did not find an applicable method, but we did find various near-misses that may work.
     NoMatch(NoMatchData<'tcx>),
@@ -66,6 +67,7 @@ pub enum MethodError<'tcx> {
 
 // Contains a list of static methods that may apply, a list of unsatisfied trait predicates which
 // could lead to matches if satisfied, and a list of not-in-scope traits which may work.
+#[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct NoMatchData<'tcx> {
     pub static_candidates: Vec<CandidateSource>,
     pub unsatisfied_predicates: Vec<(ty::Predicate<'tcx>, Option<ty::Predicate<'tcx>>)>,
@@ -397,7 +399,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         obligations.extend(traits::predicates_for_generics(cause.clone(), self.param_env, bounds));
 
         // Also add an obligation for the method type being well-formed.
-        let method_ty = tcx.mk_fn_ptr(ty::Binder::bind(fn_sig));
+        let method_ty = tcx.mk_fn_ptr(ty::Binder::bind(fn_sig, tcx));
         debug!(
             "lookup_in_trait_adjusted: matched method method_ty={:?} obligation={:?}",
             method_ty, obligation
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/method/probe.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/method/probe.rs
index 0742549f890..bfaf36e702f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/method/probe.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/method/probe.rs
@@ -1753,7 +1753,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ProbeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
     ///    region got replaced with the same variable, which requires a bit more coordination
     ///    and/or tracking the substitution and
     ///    so forth.
-    fn erase_late_bound_regions<T>(&self, value: ty::Binder<T>) -> T
+    fn erase_late_bound_regions<T>(&self, value: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>) -> T
     where
         T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
     {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/method/suggest.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/method/suggest.rs
index 13757ac4132..72eff009473 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/method/suggest.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/method/suggest.rs
@@ -68,12 +68,12 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn report_method_error<'b>(
+    pub fn report_method_error(
         &self,
         span: Span,
         rcvr_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
         item_name: Ident,
-        source: SelfSource<'b>,
+        source: SelfSource<'tcx>,
         error: MethodError<'tcx>,
         args: Option<&'tcx [hir::Expr<'tcx>]>,
     ) -> Option<DiagnosticBuilder<'_>> {
@@ -323,8 +323,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                                 err.span_suggestion(
                                     lit.span,
                                     &format!(
-                                        "you must specify a concrete type for \
-                                              this numeric value, like `{}`",
+                                        "you must specify a concrete type for this numeric value, \
+                                         like `{}`",
                                         concrete_type
                                     ),
                                     format!("{}_{}", snippet, concrete_type),
@@ -975,17 +975,78 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         }
     }
 
-    fn suggest_traits_to_import<'b>(
+    fn suggest_traits_to_import(
         &self,
         err: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>,
         span: Span,
         rcvr_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
         item_name: Ident,
-        source: SelfSource<'b>,
+        source: SelfSource<'tcx>,
         valid_out_of_scope_traits: Vec<DefId>,
         unsatisfied_predicates: &[(ty::Predicate<'tcx>, Option<ty::Predicate<'tcx>>)],
     ) {
-        if self.suggest_valid_traits(err, valid_out_of_scope_traits) {
+        let mut alt_rcvr_sugg = false;
+        if let SelfSource::MethodCall(rcvr) = source {
+            info!(?span, ?item_name, ?rcvr_ty, ?rcvr);
+            if let ty::Adt(..) = rcvr_ty.kind() {
+                // Try alternative arbitrary self types that could fulfill this call.
+                // FIXME: probe for all types that *could* be arbitrary self-types, not
+                // just this list.
+                for (rcvr_ty, post) in &[
+                    (rcvr_ty, ""),
+                    (self.tcx.mk_mut_ref(&ty::ReErased, rcvr_ty), "&mut "),
+                    (self.tcx.mk_imm_ref(&ty::ReErased, rcvr_ty), "&"),
+                ] {
+                    for (rcvr_ty, pre) in &[
+                        (self.tcx.mk_lang_item(rcvr_ty, LangItem::OwnedBox), "Box::new"),
+                        (self.tcx.mk_lang_item(rcvr_ty, LangItem::Pin), "Pin::new"),
+                        (self.tcx.mk_diagnostic_item(rcvr_ty, sym::Arc), "Arc::new"),
+                        (self.tcx.mk_diagnostic_item(rcvr_ty, sym::Rc), "Rc::new"),
+                    ] {
+                        if let Some(new_rcvr_t) = *rcvr_ty {
+                            if let Ok(pick) = self.lookup_probe(
+                                span,
+                                item_name,
+                                new_rcvr_t,
+                                rcvr,
+                                crate::check::method::probe::ProbeScope::AllTraits,
+                            ) {
+                                debug!("try_alt_rcvr: pick candidate {:?}", pick);
+                                // Make sure the method is defined for the *actual* receiver:
+                                // we don't want to treat `Box<Self>` as a receiver if
+                                // it only works because of an autoderef to `&self`
+                                if pick.autoderefs == 0
+                                    // We don't want to suggest a container type when the missing method is
+                                    // `.clone()`, otherwise we'd suggest `Arc::new(foo).clone()`, which is
+                                    // far from what the user really wants.
+                                    && Some(pick.item.container.id()) != self.tcx.lang_items().clone_trait()
+                                {
+                                    err.span_label(
+                                        pick.item.ident.span,
+                                        &format!(
+                                            "the method is available for `{}` here",
+                                            new_rcvr_t
+                                        ),
+                                    );
+                                    err.multipart_suggestion(
+                                        "consider wrapping the receiver expression with the \
+                                         appropriate type",
+                                        vec![
+                                            (rcvr.span.shrink_to_lo(), format!("{}({}", pre, post)),
+                                            (rcvr.span.shrink_to_hi(), ")".to_string()),
+                                        ],
+                                        Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
+                                    );
+                                    // We don't care about the other suggestions.
+                                    alt_rcvr_sugg = true;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if !alt_rcvr_sugg && self.suggest_valid_traits(err, valid_out_of_scope_traits) {
             return;
         }
 
@@ -1075,6 +1136,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                 "the method might not be found because of this arbitrary self type",
             );
         }
+        if alt_rcvr_sugg {
+            return;
+        }
 
         if !candidates.is_empty() {
             // Sort from most relevant to least relevant.
@@ -1284,7 +1348,12 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
 
     /// Checks whether there is a local type somewhere in the chain of
     /// autoderefs of `rcvr_ty`.
-    fn type_derefs_to_local(&self, span: Span, rcvr_ty: Ty<'tcx>, source: SelfSource<'_>) -> bool {
+    fn type_derefs_to_local(
+        &self,
+        span: Span,
+        rcvr_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
+        source: SelfSource<'tcx>,
+    ) -> bool {
         fn is_local(ty: Ty<'_>) -> bool {
             match ty.kind() {
                 ty::Adt(def, _) => def.did.is_local(),
@@ -1310,7 +1379,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
 pub enum SelfSource<'a> {
     QPath(&'a hir::Ty<'a>),
     MethodCall(&'a hir::Expr<'a> /* rcvr */),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/mod.rs
index ad9bb703779..0760d59875c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/mod.rs
@@ -497,6 +497,7 @@ fn typeck_with_fallback<'tcx>(
                 let fcx = FnCtxt::new(&inh, param_env, body.value.hir_id);
                 <dyn AstConv<'_>>::ty_of_fn(
                     &fcx,
+                    id,
                     header.unsafety,
                     header.abi,
                     decl,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/pat.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/pat.rs
index 79c544bd386..53593b9bab4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/pat.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/pat.rs
@@ -861,7 +861,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
     fn check_pat_tuple_struct(
         &self,
         pat: &'tcx Pat<'tcx>,
-        qpath: &hir::QPath<'_>,
+        qpath: &'tcx hir::QPath<'tcx>,
         subpats: &'tcx [&'tcx Pat<'tcx>],
         ddpos: Option<usize>,
         expected: Ty<'tcx>,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/upvar.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/upvar.rs
index 5a939cc24f5..91021b3f6f5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/upvar.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/upvar.rs
@@ -49,6 +49,8 @@ use rustc_span::{MultiSpan, Span, Symbol};
 use rustc_index::vec::Idx;
 use rustc_target::abi::VariantIdx;
 
+use std::iter;
+
 /// Describe the relationship between the paths of two places
 /// eg:
 /// - `foo` is ancestor of `foo.bar.baz`
@@ -1631,7 +1633,7 @@ fn determine_place_ancestry_relation(
     let projections_b = &place_b.projections;
 
     let same_initial_projections =
-        projections_a.iter().zip(projections_b.iter()).all(|(proj_a, proj_b)| proj_a == proj_b);
+        iter::zip(projections_a, projections_b).all(|(proj_a, proj_b)| proj_a == proj_b);
 
     if same_initial_projections {
         // First min(n, m) projections are the same
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/wfcheck.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/wfcheck.rs
index 5f302f7d0a9..887cc42a1dd 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/wfcheck.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/check/wfcheck.rs
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ use rustc_trait_selection::opaque_types::may_define_opaque_type;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::query::evaluate_obligation::InferCtxtExt;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::{self, ObligationCause, ObligationCauseCode};
 
+use std::iter;
 use std::ops::ControlFlow;
 
 /// Helper type of a temporary returned by `.for_item(...)`.
@@ -863,7 +864,7 @@ fn check_where_clauses<'tcx, 'fcx>(
     debug!("check_where_clauses: predicates={:?}", predicates.predicates);
     assert_eq!(predicates.predicates.len(), predicates.spans.len());
     let wf_obligations =
-        predicates.predicates.iter().zip(predicates.spans.iter()).flat_map(|(&p, &sp)| {
+        iter::zip(&predicates.predicates, &predicates.spans).flat_map(|(&p, &sp)| {
             traits::wf::predicate_obligations(fcx, fcx.param_env, fcx.body_id, p, sp)
         });
 
@@ -885,8 +886,8 @@ fn check_fn_or_method<'fcx, 'tcx>(
     let sig = fcx.normalize_associated_types_in(span, sig);
     let sig = fcx.tcx.liberate_late_bound_regions(def_id, sig);
 
-    for (&input_ty, span) in sig.inputs().iter().zip(hir_decl.inputs.iter().map(|t| t.span)) {
-        fcx.register_wf_obligation(input_ty.into(), span, ObligationCauseCode::MiscObligation);
+    for (&input_ty, ty) in iter::zip(sig.inputs(), hir_decl.inputs) {
+        fcx.register_wf_obligation(input_ty.into(), ty.span, ObligationCauseCode::MiscObligation);
     }
     implied_bounds.extend(sig.inputs());
 
@@ -1066,13 +1067,14 @@ fn check_method_receiver<'fcx, 'tcx>(
     debug!("check_method_receiver: sig={:?}", sig);
 
     let self_ty = fcx.normalize_associated_types_in(span, self_ty);
-    let self_ty = fcx.tcx.liberate_late_bound_regions(method.def_id, ty::Binder::bind(self_ty));
+    let self_ty =
+        fcx.tcx.liberate_late_bound_regions(method.def_id, ty::Binder::bind(self_ty, fcx.tcx));
 
     let receiver_ty = sig.inputs()[0];
 
     let receiver_ty = fcx.normalize_associated_types_in(span, receiver_ty);
     let receiver_ty =
-        fcx.tcx.liberate_late_bound_regions(method.def_id, ty::Binder::bind(receiver_ty));
+        fcx.tcx.liberate_late_bound_regions(method.def_id, ty::Binder::bind(receiver_ty, fcx.tcx));
 
     if fcx.tcx.features().arbitrary_self_types {
         if !receiver_is_valid(fcx, span, receiver_ty, self_ty, true) {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/collect.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/collect.rs
index 631f2c7a69a..afe52c97733 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/collect.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/collect.rs
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ use rustc_span::symbol::{kw, sym, Ident, Symbol};
 use rustc_span::{Span, DUMMY_SP};
 use rustc_target::spec::abi;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::error_reporting::suggestions::NextTypeParamName;
+use std::iter;
 
 mod item_bounds;
 mod type_of;
@@ -1243,7 +1244,8 @@ fn has_late_bound_regions<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, node: Node<'tcx>) -> Option<S
             match self.tcx.named_region(lt.hir_id) {
                 Some(rl::Region::Static | rl::Region::EarlyBound(..)) => {}
                 Some(
-                    rl::Region::LateBound(debruijn, _, _) | rl::Region::LateBoundAnon(debruijn, _),
+                    rl::Region::LateBound(debruijn, _, _, _)
+                    | rl::Region::LateBoundAnon(debruijn, _, _),
                 ) if debruijn < self.outer_index => {}
                 Some(
                     rl::Region::LateBound(..)
@@ -1706,10 +1708,11 @@ fn fn_sig(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> ty::PolyFnSig<'_> {
                     }
                     diag.emit();
 
-                    ty::Binder::bind(fn_sig)
+                    ty::Binder::bind(fn_sig, tcx)
                 }
                 None => <dyn AstConv<'_>>::ty_of_fn(
                     &icx,
+                    hir_id,
                     sig.header.unsafety,
                     sig.header.abi,
                     &sig.decl,
@@ -1727,6 +1730,7 @@ fn fn_sig(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> ty::PolyFnSig<'_> {
             ..
         }) => <dyn AstConv<'_>>::ty_of_fn(
             &icx,
+            hir_id,
             header.unsafety,
             header.abi,
             decl,
@@ -1748,13 +1752,10 @@ fn fn_sig(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> ty::PolyFnSig<'_> {
             let ty = tcx.type_of(tcx.hir().get_parent_did(hir_id).to_def_id());
             let inputs =
                 data.fields().iter().map(|f| tcx.type_of(tcx.hir().local_def_id(f.hir_id)));
-            ty::Binder::bind(tcx.mk_fn_sig(
-                inputs,
-                ty,
-                false,
-                hir::Unsafety::Normal,
-                abi::Abi::Rust,
-            ))
+            ty::Binder::bind(
+                tcx.mk_fn_sig(inputs, ty, false, hir::Unsafety::Normal, abi::Abi::Rust),
+                tcx,
+            )
         }
 
         Expr(&hir::Expr { kind: hir::ExprKind::Closure(..), .. }) => {
@@ -2038,7 +2039,7 @@ fn gather_explicit_predicates_of(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> ty::GenericP
                 param.bounds.iter().for_each(|bound| match bound {
                     hir::GenericBound::Outlives(lt) => {
                         let bound = <dyn AstConv<'_>>::ast_region_to_region(&icx, &lt, None);
-                        let outlives = ty::Binder::bind(ty::OutlivesPredicate(region, bound));
+                        let outlives = ty::Binder::bind(ty::OutlivesPredicate(region, bound), tcx);
                         predicates.insert((outlives.to_predicate(tcx), lt.span));
                     }
                     _ => bug!(),
@@ -2083,6 +2084,7 @@ fn gather_explicit_predicates_of(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> ty::GenericP
         match predicate {
             hir::WherePredicate::BoundPredicate(bound_pred) => {
                 let ty = icx.to_ty(&bound_pred.bounded_ty);
+                let bound_vars = icx.tcx.late_bound_vars(bound_pred.bounded_ty.hir_id);
 
                 // Keep the type around in a dummy predicate, in case of no bounds.
                 // That way, `where Ty:` is not a complete noop (see #53696) and `Ty`
@@ -2098,9 +2100,13 @@ fn gather_explicit_predicates_of(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> ty::GenericP
                     } else {
                         let span = bound_pred.bounded_ty.span;
                         let re_root_empty = tcx.lifetimes.re_root_empty;
-                        let predicate = ty::Binder::bind(ty::PredicateKind::TypeOutlives(
-                            ty::OutlivesPredicate(ty, re_root_empty),
-                        ));
+                        let predicate = ty::Binder::bind_with_vars(
+                            ty::PredicateKind::TypeOutlives(ty::OutlivesPredicate(
+                                ty,
+                                re_root_empty,
+                            )),
+                            bound_vars,
+                        );
                         predicates.insert((predicate.to_predicate(tcx), span));
                     }
                 }
@@ -2117,10 +2123,12 @@ fn gather_explicit_predicates_of(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> ty::GenericP
                             let mut bounds = Bounds::default();
                             let _ = <dyn AstConv<'_>>::instantiate_poly_trait_ref(
                                 &icx,
-                                &poly_trait_ref,
+                                &poly_trait_ref.trait_ref,
+                                poly_trait_ref.span,
                                 constness,
                                 ty,
                                 &mut bounds,
+                                false,
                             );
                             predicates.extend(bounds.predicates(tcx, ty));
                         }
@@ -2143,9 +2151,12 @@ fn gather_explicit_predicates_of(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> ty::GenericP
                             let region =
                                 <dyn AstConv<'_>>::ast_region_to_region(&icx, lifetime, None);
                             predicates.insert((
-                                ty::Binder::bind(ty::PredicateKind::TypeOutlives(
-                                    ty::OutlivesPredicate(ty, region),
-                                ))
+                                ty::Binder::bind_with_vars(
+                                    ty::PredicateKind::TypeOutlives(ty::OutlivesPredicate(
+                                        ty, region,
+                                    )),
+                                    bound_vars,
+                                )
                                 .to_predicate(tcx),
                                 lifetime.span,
                             ));
@@ -2367,7 +2378,14 @@ fn predicates_from_bound<'tcx>(
             };
 
             let mut bounds = Bounds::default();
-            let _ = astconv.instantiate_poly_trait_ref(tr, constness, param_ty, &mut bounds);
+            let _ = astconv.instantiate_poly_trait_ref(
+                &tr.trait_ref,
+                tr.span,
+                constness,
+                param_ty,
+                &mut bounds,
+                false,
+            );
             bounds.predicates(astconv.tcx(), param_ty)
         }
         hir::GenericBound::LangItemTrait(lang_item, span, hir_id, args) => {
@@ -2403,8 +2421,10 @@ fn compute_sig_of_foreign_fn_decl<'tcx>(
     } else {
         hir::Unsafety::Unsafe
     };
+    let hir_id = tcx.hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(def_id.expect_local());
     let fty = <dyn AstConv<'_>>::ty_of_fn(
         &ItemCtxt::new(tcx, def_id),
+        hir_id,
         unsafety,
         abi,
         decl,
@@ -2439,7 +2459,7 @@ fn compute_sig_of_foreign_fn_decl<'tcx>(
                     .emit();
             }
         };
-        for (input, ty) in decl.inputs.iter().zip(fty.inputs().skip_binder()) {
+        for (input, ty) in iter::zip(decl.inputs, fty.inputs().skip_binder()) {
             check(&input, ty)
         }
         if let hir::FnRetTy::Return(ref ty) = decl.output {
@@ -2889,17 +2909,7 @@ fn codegen_fn_attrs(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, id: DefId) -> CodegenFnAttrs {
                     .emit();
                     InlineAttr::None
                 } else if list_contains_name(&items[..], sym::always) {
-                    if tcx.sess.instrument_coverage() {
-                        // Fixes Issue #82875. Forced inlining allows LLVM to discard functions
-                        // marked with `#[inline(always)]`, which can break coverage reporting if
-                        // that function was referenced from a coverage map.
-                        //
-                        // FIXME(#83429): Is there a better place, e.g., in codegen, to check and
-                        // convert `Always` to `Hint`?
-                        InlineAttr::Hint
-                    } else {
-                        InlineAttr::Always
-                    }
+                    InlineAttr::Always
                 } else if list_contains_name(&items[..], sym::never) {
                     InlineAttr::Never
                 } else {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/expr_use_visitor.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/expr_use_visitor.rs
index b172cb9c44b..ab286bacd81 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/expr_use_visitor.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/expr_use_visitor.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use rustc_middle::hir::place::ProjectionKind;
 use rustc_middle::mir::FakeReadCause;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, adjustment, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_target::abi::VariantIdx;
+use std::iter;
 
 use crate::mem_categorization as mc;
 
@@ -333,7 +334,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ExprUseVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
             }
 
             hir::ExprKind::LlvmInlineAsm(ref ia) => {
-                for (o, output) in ia.inner.outputs.iter().zip(ia.outputs_exprs) {
+                for (o, output) in iter::zip(&ia.inner.outputs, ia.outputs_exprs) {
                     if o.is_indirect {
                         self.consume_expr(output);
                     } else {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/lib.rs
index c270a236811..190744fe6f1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_typeck/src/lib.rs
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ This API is completely unstable and subject to change.
 #![feature(format_args_capture)]
 #![feature(in_band_lifetimes)]
 #![feature(is_sorted)]
+#![feature(iter_zip)]
 #![feature(nll)]
 #![cfg_attr(bootstrap, feature(or_patterns))]
 #![feature(try_blocks)]
@@ -429,7 +430,7 @@ pub fn hir_ty_to_ty<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, hir_ty: &hir::Ty<'_>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
     let env_node_id = tcx.hir().get_parent_item(hir_ty.hir_id);
     let env_def_id = tcx.hir().local_def_id(env_node_id);
     let item_cx = self::collect::ItemCtxt::new(tcx, env_def_id.to_def_id());
-    item_cx.to_ty(hir_ty)
+    <dyn AstConv<'_>>::ast_ty_to_ty(&item_cx, hir_ty)
 }
 
 pub fn hir_trait_to_predicates<'tcx>(
@@ -444,7 +445,7 @@ pub fn hir_trait_to_predicates<'tcx>(
     let env_def_id = tcx.hir().local_def_id(env_hir_id);
     let item_cx = self::collect::ItemCtxt::new(tcx, env_def_id.to_def_id());
     let mut bounds = Bounds::default();
-    let _ = <dyn AstConv<'_>>::instantiate_poly_trait_ref_inner(
+    let _ = <dyn AstConv<'_>>::instantiate_poly_trait_ref(
         &item_cx,
         hir_trait,
         DUMMY_SP,