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-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_abi/src/canon_abi.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_abi/src/extern_abi.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast/src/ast.rs68
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast/src/mut_visit.rs616
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast/src/visit.rs1215
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/expr.rs17
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/item.rs10
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/lib.rs97
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/stability.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast_passes/messages.ftl17
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/ast_validation.rs89
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/errors.rs64
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/feature_gate.rs14
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/mod.rs12
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state/expr.rs107
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state/fixup.rs91
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state/item.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_attr_data_structures/src/attributes.rs44
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_attr_data_structures/src/lib.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_attr_data_structures/src/lints.rs14
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_attr_data_structures/src/stability.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/messages.ftl8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/attributes/allow_unstable.rs38
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/attributes/confusables.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/attributes/deprecation.rs25
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/attributes/inline.rs97
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/attributes/mod.rs186
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/attributes/repr.rs23
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/attributes/stability.rs54
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/attributes/transparency.rs19
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/context.rs240
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/lib.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/lints.rs19
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/parser.rs14
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/session_diagnostics.rs13
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/conflict_errors.rs14
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/constraint_conversion.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/mod.rs7
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/generic/mod.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/example/arbitrary_self_types_pointers_and_wrappers.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/example/mini_core.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/example/mini_core_hello_world.rs7
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/abi/mod.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/intrinsics/mod.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/unsize.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/vtable.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/build_system/build_sysroot/Cargo.toml2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/example/arbitrary_self_types_pointers_and_wrappers.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/example/mini_core.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/example/mini_core_hello_world.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/messages.ftl7
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/abi.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/errors.rs15
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/gcc_util.rs27
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/messages.ftl9
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/abi.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/attributes.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/errors.rs17
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm_util.rs25
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/intrinsic.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/rvalue.rs190
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/target_features.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/traits/type_.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/check_consts/check.rs7
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/intern.rs15
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/intrinsics.rs18
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/util.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/thousands/mod.rs35
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/thousands/tests.rs56
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_driver_impl/src/lib.rs20
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_errors/src/lib.rs16
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_expand/messages.ftl3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_expand/src/base.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_expand/src/config.rs11
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_expand/src/errors.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_expand/src/expand.rs190
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_expand/src/lib.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_expand/src/mbe/macro_check.rs25
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_expand/src/stats.rs171
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_feature/src/accepted.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_feature/src/builtin_attrs.rs212
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_feature/src/lib.rs13
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_feature/src/removed.rs184
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_feature/src/unstable.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir/src/lib.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir/src/lints.rs23
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir/src/stable_hash_impls.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/Cargo.toml1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/messages.ftl4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/autoderef.rs16
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/check.rs56
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/intrinsic.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/mod.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/region.rs21
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/errors.rs14
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/hir_ty_lowering/bounds.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/hir_ty_lowering/mod.rs16
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/lib.rs19
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/messages.ftl48
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/_match.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/callee.rs18
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/coercion.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/demand.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/errors.rs135
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/expr.rs15
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/_impl.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/inspect_obligations.rs10
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/mod.rs9
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/gather_locals.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/lib.rs10
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/loops.rs (renamed from compiler/rustc_passes/src/loops.rs)39
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/probe.rs15
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/suggest.rs143
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/upvar.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/obligations.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/type_variable.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/unify_key.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_interface/src/passes.rs82
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_interface/src/tests.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_lint/messages.ftl5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_lint/src/builtin.rs52
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_lint/src/early.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_lint/src/early/diagnostics.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_lint/src/impl_trait_overcaptures.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_lint/src/lib.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_lint/src/lints.rs30
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_lint/src/nonstandard_style.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_lint/src/types.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_lint_defs/src/builtin.rs48
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_lint_defs/src/lib.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_log/src/lib.rs33
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/decoder.rs29
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/encoder.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/hir/mod.rs16
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/mod.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/stability.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/syntax.rs9
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/erase.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs15
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/consts.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context.rs36
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/instance.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/layout.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/mod.rs37
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/region.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/visit.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/builder/expr/as_operand.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coroutine.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/early_otherwise_branch.rs32
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/gvn.rs11
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/inline/cycle.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/lower_intrinsics.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/validate.rs48
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/canonicalizer.rs113
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/lib.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/placeholder.rs158
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/assembly/mod.rs49
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/eval_ctxt/mod.rs9
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/mod.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/normalizes_to/inherent.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/trait_goals.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_parse/messages.ftl2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_parse/src/errors.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/expr.rs32
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/item.rs81
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/ty.rs65
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_parse/src/validate_attr.rs7
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_parse_format/src/lib.rs299
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_parse_format/src/tests.rs42
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_passes/messages.ftl46
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_passes/src/check_attr.rs22
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_passes/src/dead.rs43
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_passes/src/errors.rs149
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_passes/src/input_stats.rs16
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_passes/src/lib.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_passes/src/lib_features.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_passes/src/stability.rs11
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_resolve/messages.ftl2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_resolve/src/build_reduced_graph.rs28
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_resolve/src/def_collector.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_resolve/src/diagnostics.rs134
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_resolve/src/ident.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_resolve/src/imports.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_resolve/src/lib.rs28
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_resolve/src/macros.rs33
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_session/messages.ftl8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_session/src/config.rs9
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_session/src/errors.rs17
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_session/src/features.rs59
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_session/src/lib.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_session/src/options.rs15
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_session/src/parse.rs9
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_smir/src/rustc_internal/internal.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_smir/src/rustc_smir/context.rs9
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_smir/src/rustc_smir/convert/abi.rs46
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_smir/src/rustc_smir/convert/ty.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_smir/src/stable_mir/abi.rs37
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_smir/src/stable_mir/compiler_interface.rs7
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_smir/src/stable_mir/ty.rs14
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_span/src/hygiene.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs9
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/asm/loongarch.rs10
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/abi_map.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/base/xtensa.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/json.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mod.rs20
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/armv7_sony_vita_newlibeabihf.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/avr_none.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/msp430_none_elf.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/xtensa_esp32_espidf.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/xtensa_esp32s2_espidf.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/xtensa_esp32s3_espidf.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/target_features.rs49
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/error_reporting/traits/fulfillment_errors.rs15
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/error_reporting/traits/on_unimplemented.rs41
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/error_reporting/traits/on_unimplemented_condition.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/error_reporting/traits/on_unimplemented_format.rs87
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/error_reporting/traits/suggestions.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/errors.rs12
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/inspect/analyse.rs99
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/dyn_compatibility.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/normalize.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/normalize.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/confirmation.rs143
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/mod.rs13
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/util.rs153
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_traits/src/codegen.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_transmute/src/layout/dfa.rs45
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_transmute/src/layout/mod.rs111
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_transmute/src/layout/tree.rs48
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_transmute/src/layout/tree/tests.rs16
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_transmute/src/lib.rs30
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_transmute/src/maybe_transmutable/mod.rs208
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_transmute/src/maybe_transmutable/query_context.rs21
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_transmute/src/maybe_transmutable/tests.rs57
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/ty.rs15
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_type_ir/Cargo.toml2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/binder.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/canonical.rs9
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/fast_reject.rs11
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/inherent.rs15
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/interner.rs29
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/search_graph/global_cache.rs18
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/search_graph/mod.rs114
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/search_graph/stack.rs113
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/ty_kind.rs17
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/ty_kind/closure.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/visit.rs8
253 files changed, 5322 insertions, 3792 deletions
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_abi/src/canon_abi.rs b/compiler/rustc_abi/src/canon_abi.rs
index 03eeb645489..7c020be6761 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_abi/src/canon_abi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_abi/src/canon_abi.rs
@@ -28,6 +28,9 @@ pub enum CanonAbi {
     Rust,
     RustCold,
 
+    /// An ABI that rustc does not know how to call or define.
+    Custom,
+
     /// ABIs relevant to 32-bit Arm targets
     Arm(ArmCall),
     /// ABI relevant to GPUs: the entry point for a GPU kernel
@@ -57,6 +60,7 @@ impl fmt::Display for CanonAbi {
             CanonAbi::C => ExternAbi::C { unwind: false },
             CanonAbi::Rust => ExternAbi::Rust,
             CanonAbi::RustCold => ExternAbi::RustCold,
+            CanonAbi::Custom => ExternAbi::Custom,
             CanonAbi::Arm(arm_call) => match arm_call {
                 ArmCall::Aapcs => ExternAbi::Aapcs { unwind: false },
                 ArmCall::CCmseNonSecureCall => ExternAbi::CCmseNonSecureCall,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_abi/src/extern_abi.rs b/compiler/rustc_abi/src/extern_abi.rs
index 0bc1c8a0930..7457ae1f033 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_abi/src/extern_abi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_abi/src/extern_abi.rs
@@ -40,6 +40,11 @@ pub enum ExternAbi {
     /// Even normally-compatible Rust types can become ABI-incompatible with this ABI!
     Unadjusted,
 
+    /// An ABI that rustc does not know how to call or define. Functions with this ABI can
+    /// only be created using `#[naked]` functions or `extern "custom"` blocks, and can only
+    /// be called from inline assembly.
+    Custom,
+
     /// UEFI ABI, usually an alias of C, but sometimes an arch-specific alias
     /// and only valid on platforms that have a UEFI standard
     EfiApi,
@@ -141,6 +146,7 @@ abi_impls! {
             AvrNonBlockingInterrupt =><= "avr-non-blocking-interrupt",
             Cdecl { unwind: false } =><= "cdecl",
             Cdecl { unwind: true } =><= "cdecl-unwind",
+            Custom =><= "custom",
             EfiApi =><= "efiapi",
             Fastcall { unwind: false } =><= "fastcall",
             Fastcall { unwind: true } =><= "fastcall-unwind",
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/ast.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/ast.rs
index cf40c3f7f6f..6b51cbd7fbe 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/ast.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/ast.rs
@@ -97,12 +97,12 @@ pub struct Path {
     pub tokens: Option<LazyAttrTokenStream>,
 }
 
+// Succeeds if the path has a single segment that is arg-free and matches the given symbol.
 impl PartialEq<Symbol> for Path {
     #[inline]
     fn eq(&self, name: &Symbol) -> bool {
         if let [segment] = self.segments.as_ref()
-            && segment.args.is_none()
-            && segment.ident.name == *name
+            && segment == name
         {
             true
         } else {
@@ -111,6 +111,15 @@ impl PartialEq<Symbol> for Path {
     }
 }
 
+// Succeeds if the path has segments that are arg-free and match the given symbols.
+impl PartialEq<&[Symbol]> for Path {
+    #[inline]
+    fn eq(&self, names: &&[Symbol]) -> bool {
+        self.segments.len() == names.len()
+            && self.segments.iter().zip(names.iter()).all(|(s1, s2)| s1 == s2)
+    }
+}
+
 impl<CTX: rustc_span::HashStableContext> HashStable<CTX> for Path {
     fn hash_stable(&self, hcx: &mut CTX, hasher: &mut StableHasher) {
         self.segments.len().hash_stable(hcx, hasher);
@@ -166,6 +175,14 @@ pub struct PathSegment {
     pub args: Option<P<GenericArgs>>,
 }
 
+// Succeeds if the path segment is arg-free and matches the given symbol.
+impl PartialEq<Symbol> for PathSegment {
+    #[inline]
+    fn eq(&self, name: &Symbol) -> bool {
+        self.args.is_none() && self.ident.name == *name
+    }
+}
+
 impl PathSegment {
     pub fn from_ident(ident: Ident) -> Self {
         PathSegment { ident, id: DUMMY_NODE_ID, args: None }
@@ -1441,11 +1458,15 @@ impl Expr {
                 }
             }
 
-            ExprKind::Break(..)
-            | ExprKind::Ret(..)
-            | ExprKind::Yield(..)
-            | ExprKind::Yeet(..)
-            | ExprKind::Become(..) => ExprPrecedence::Jump,
+            ExprKind::Break(_ /*label*/, value)
+            | ExprKind::Ret(value)
+            | ExprKind::Yield(YieldKind::Prefix(value))
+            | ExprKind::Yeet(value) => match value {
+                Some(_) => ExprPrecedence::Jump,
+                None => ExprPrecedence::Unambiguous,
+            },
+
+            ExprKind::Become(_) => ExprPrecedence::Jump,
 
             // `Range` claims to have higher precedence than `Assign`, but `x .. x = x` fails to
             // parse, instead of parsing as `(x .. x) = x`. Giving `Range` a lower precedence
@@ -1502,6 +1523,7 @@ impl Expr {
             | ExprKind::Underscore
             | ExprKind::UnsafeBinderCast(..)
             | ExprKind::While(..)
+            | ExprKind::Yield(YieldKind::Postfix(..))
             | ExprKind::Err(_)
             | ExprKind::Dummy => ExprPrecedence::Unambiguous,
         }
@@ -3520,6 +3542,38 @@ impl FnHeader {
             || matches!(constness, Const::Yes(_))
             || !matches!(ext, Extern::None)
     }
+
+    /// Return a span encompassing the header, or none if all options are default.
+    pub fn span(&self) -> Option<Span> {
+        fn append(a: &mut Option<Span>, b: Span) {
+            *a = match a {
+                None => Some(b),
+                Some(x) => Some(x.to(b)),
+            }
+        }
+
+        let mut full_span = None;
+
+        match self.safety {
+            Safety::Unsafe(span) | Safety::Safe(span) => append(&mut full_span, span),
+            Safety::Default => {}
+        };
+
+        if let Some(coroutine_kind) = self.coroutine_kind {
+            append(&mut full_span, coroutine_kind.span());
+        }
+
+        if let Const::Yes(span) = self.constness {
+            append(&mut full_span, span);
+        }
+
+        match self.ext {
+            Extern::Implicit(span) | Extern::Explicit(_, span) => append(&mut full_span, span),
+            Extern::None => {}
+        }
+
+        full_span
+    }
 }
 
 impl Default for FnHeader {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/mut_visit.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/mut_visit.rs
index 77cbdde61a4..71a47dcfcba 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/mut_visit.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/mut_visit.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use std::ops::DerefMut;
 use std::panic;
 
 use rustc_data_structures::flat_map_in_place::FlatMapInPlace;
-use rustc_data_structures::stack::ensure_sufficient_stack;
+use rustc_span::source_map::Spanned;
 use rustc_span::{Ident, Span};
 use smallvec::{Array, SmallVec, smallvec};
 use thin_vec::ThinVec;
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use thin_vec::ThinVec;
 use crate::ast::*;
 use crate::ptr::P;
 use crate::tokenstream::*;
-use crate::visit::{AssocCtxt, BoundKind, FnCtxt, try_visit, visit_opt, walk_list};
+use crate::visit::{AssocCtxt, BoundKind, FnCtxt, VisitorResult, try_visit, visit_opt, walk_list};
 
 pub trait ExpectOne<A: Array> {
     fn expect_one(self, err: &'static str) -> A::Item;
@@ -32,7 +32,22 @@ impl<A: Array> ExpectOne<A> for SmallVec<A> {
     }
 }
 
-pub trait MutVisitor: Sized {
+mod sealed {
+    use rustc_ast_ir::visit::VisitorResult;
+
+    /// This is for compatibility with the regular `Visitor`.
+    pub trait MutVisitorResult {
+        type Result: VisitorResult;
+    }
+
+    impl<T> MutVisitorResult for T {
+        type Result = ();
+    }
+}
+
+use sealed::MutVisitorResult;
+
+pub trait MutVisitor: Sized + MutVisitorResult<Result = ()> {
     // Methods in this trait have one of three forms:
     //
     //   fn visit_t(&mut self, t: &mut T);                      // common
@@ -227,14 +242,6 @@ pub trait MutVisitor: Sized {
         walk_generic_args(self, p);
     }
 
-    fn visit_angle_bracketed_parameter_data(&mut self, p: &mut AngleBracketedArgs) {
-        walk_angle_bracketed_parameter_data(self, p);
-    }
-
-    fn visit_parenthesized_parameter_data(&mut self, p: &mut ParenthesizedArgs) {
-        walk_parenthesized_parameter_data(self, p);
-    }
-
     fn visit_local(&mut self, l: &mut Local) {
         walk_local(self, l);
     }
@@ -303,10 +310,6 @@ pub trait MutVisitor: Sized {
         walk_flat_map_expr_field(self, f)
     }
 
-    fn visit_where_clause(&mut self, where_clause: &mut WhereClause) {
-        walk_where_clause(self, where_clause);
-    }
-
     fn flat_map_where_predicate(
         &mut self,
         where_predicate: WherePredicate,
@@ -385,19 +388,14 @@ generate_flat_map_visitor_fns! {
     visit_generic_params, GenericParam, flat_map_generic_param;
     visit_stmts, Stmt, flat_map_stmt;
     visit_exprs, P<Expr>, filter_map_expr;
+    visit_expr_fields, ExprField, flat_map_expr_field;
     visit_pat_fields, PatField, flat_map_pat_field;
     visit_variants, Variant, flat_map_variant;
     visit_assoc_items, P<AssocItem>, flat_map_assoc_item, ctxt: AssocCtxt;
-}
-
-#[inline]
-fn visit_vec<T, F>(elems: &mut Vec<T>, mut visit_elem: F)
-where
-    F: FnMut(&mut T),
-{
-    for elem in elems {
-        visit_elem(elem);
-    }
+    visit_where_predicates, WherePredicate, flat_map_where_predicate;
+    visit_params, Param, flat_map_param;
+    visit_field_defs, FieldDef, flat_map_field_def;
+    visit_arms, Arm, flat_map_arm;
 }
 
 #[inline]
@@ -410,40 +408,12 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-#[inline]
-fn visit_opt<T, F>(opt: &mut Option<T>, mut visit_elem: F)
-where
-    F: FnMut(&mut T),
-{
-    if let Some(elem) = opt {
-        visit_elem(elem);
-    }
-}
-
 fn visit_attrs<T: MutVisitor>(vis: &mut T, attrs: &mut AttrVec) {
     for attr in attrs.iter_mut() {
         vis.visit_attribute(attr);
     }
 }
 
-fn visit_attr_args<T: MutVisitor>(vis: &mut T, args: &mut AttrArgs) {
-    match args {
-        AttrArgs::Empty => {}
-        AttrArgs::Delimited(args) => visit_delim_args(vis, args),
-        AttrArgs::Eq { eq_span, expr } => {
-            vis.visit_expr(expr);
-            vis.visit_span(eq_span);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-fn visit_delim_args<T: MutVisitor>(vis: &mut T, args: &mut DelimArgs) {
-    let DelimArgs { dspan, delim: _, tokens: _ } = args;
-    let DelimSpan { open, close } = dspan;
-    vis.visit_span(open);
-    vis.visit_span(close);
-}
-
 pub fn walk_flat_map_pat_field<T: MutVisitor>(
     vis: &mut T,
     mut fp: PatField,
@@ -461,40 +431,11 @@ fn visit_nested_use_tree<V: MutVisitor>(
     vis.visit_use_tree(nested_tree);
 }
 
-pub fn walk_arm<T: MutVisitor>(vis: &mut T, arm: &mut Arm) {
-    let Arm { attrs, pat, guard, body, span, id, is_placeholder: _ } = arm;
-    vis.visit_id(id);
-    visit_attrs(vis, attrs);
-    vis.visit_pat(pat);
-    visit_opt(guard, |guard| vis.visit_expr(guard));
-    visit_opt(body, |body| vis.visit_expr(body));
-    vis.visit_span(span);
-}
-
 pub fn walk_flat_map_arm<T: MutVisitor>(vis: &mut T, mut arm: Arm) -> SmallVec<[Arm; 1]> {
     vis.visit_arm(&mut arm);
     smallvec![arm]
 }
 
-fn walk_assoc_item_constraint<T: MutVisitor>(
-    vis: &mut T,
-    AssocItemConstraint { id, ident, gen_args, kind, span }: &mut AssocItemConstraint,
-) {
-    vis.visit_id(id);
-    vis.visit_ident(ident);
-    if let Some(gen_args) = gen_args {
-        vis.visit_generic_args(gen_args);
-    }
-    match kind {
-        AssocItemConstraintKind::Equality { term } => match term {
-            Term::Ty(ty) => vis.visit_ty(ty),
-            Term::Const(c) => vis.visit_anon_const(c),
-        },
-        AssocItemConstraintKind::Bound { bounds } => visit_bounds(vis, bounds, BoundKind::Bound),
-    }
-    vis.visit_span(span);
-}
-
 pub fn walk_flat_map_variant<T: MutVisitor>(
     vis: &mut T,
     mut variant: Variant,
@@ -503,64 +444,6 @@ pub fn walk_flat_map_variant<T: MutVisitor>(
     smallvec![variant]
 }
 
-fn walk_generic_args<T: MutVisitor>(vis: &mut T, generic_args: &mut GenericArgs) {
-    match generic_args {
-        GenericArgs::AngleBracketed(data) => vis.visit_angle_bracketed_parameter_data(data),
-        GenericArgs::Parenthesized(data) => vis.visit_parenthesized_parameter_data(data),
-        GenericArgs::ParenthesizedElided(span) => vis.visit_span(span),
-    }
-}
-
-fn walk_generic_arg<T: MutVisitor>(vis: &mut T, arg: &mut GenericArg) {
-    match arg {
-        GenericArg::Lifetime(lt) => vis.visit_lifetime(lt),
-        GenericArg::Type(ty) => vis.visit_ty(ty),
-        GenericArg::Const(ct) => vis.visit_anon_const(ct),
-    }
-}
-
-fn walk_angle_bracketed_parameter_data<T: MutVisitor>(vis: &mut T, data: &mut AngleBracketedArgs) {
-    let AngleBracketedArgs { args, span } = data;
-    visit_thin_vec(args, |arg| match arg {
-        AngleBracketedArg::Arg(arg) => vis.visit_generic_arg(arg),
-        AngleBracketedArg::Constraint(constraint) => vis.visit_assoc_item_constraint(constraint),
-    });
-    vis.visit_span(span);
-}
-
-fn walk_parenthesized_parameter_data<T: MutVisitor>(vis: &mut T, args: &mut ParenthesizedArgs) {
-    let ParenthesizedArgs { inputs, output, span, inputs_span } = args;
-    visit_thin_vec(inputs, |input| vis.visit_ty(input));
-    vis.visit_fn_ret_ty(output);
-    vis.visit_span(span);
-    vis.visit_span(inputs_span);
-}
-
-fn walk_attribute<T: MutVisitor>(vis: &mut T, attr: &mut Attribute) {
-    let Attribute { kind, id: _, style: _, span } = attr;
-    match kind {
-        AttrKind::Normal(normal) => {
-            let NormalAttr { item: AttrItem { unsafety: _, path, args, tokens: _ }, tokens: _ } =
-                &mut **normal;
-            vis.visit_path(path);
-            visit_attr_args(vis, args);
-        }
-        AttrKind::DocComment(_kind, _sym) => {}
-    }
-    vis.visit_span(span);
-}
-
-fn walk_mac<T: MutVisitor>(vis: &mut T, mac: &mut MacCall) {
-    let MacCall { path, args } = mac;
-    vis.visit_path(path);
-    visit_delim_args(vis, args);
-}
-
-fn walk_macro_def<T: MutVisitor>(vis: &mut T, macro_def: &mut MacroDef) {
-    let MacroDef { body, macro_rules: _ } = macro_def;
-    visit_delim_args(vis, body);
-}
-
 fn walk_meta_list_item<T: MutVisitor>(vis: &mut T, li: &mut MetaItemInner) {
     match li {
         MetaItemInner::MetaItem(mi) => vis.visit_meta_item(mi),
@@ -578,138 +461,11 @@ fn walk_meta_item<T: MutVisitor>(vis: &mut T, mi: &mut MetaItem) {
     vis.visit_span(span);
 }
 
-pub fn walk_param<T: MutVisitor>(vis: &mut T, param: &mut Param) {
-    let Param { attrs, id, pat, span, ty, is_placeholder: _ } = param;
-    vis.visit_id(id);
-    visit_attrs(vis, attrs);
-    vis.visit_pat(pat);
-    vis.visit_ty(ty);
-    vis.visit_span(span);
-}
-
 pub fn walk_flat_map_param<T: MutVisitor>(vis: &mut T, mut param: Param) -> SmallVec<[Param; 1]> {
     vis.visit_param(&mut param);
     smallvec![param]
 }
 
-fn walk_closure_binder<T: MutVisitor>(vis: &mut T, binder: &mut ClosureBinder) {
-    match binder {
-        ClosureBinder::NotPresent => {}
-        ClosureBinder::For { span: _, generic_params } => {
-            generic_params.flat_map_in_place(|param| vis.flat_map_generic_param(param));
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-fn walk_fn<T: MutVisitor>(vis: &mut T, kind: FnKind<'_>) {
-    match kind {
-        FnKind::Fn(
-            _ctxt,
-            _vis,
-            Fn {
-                defaultness,
-                ident,
-                generics,
-                contract,
-                body,
-                sig: FnSig { header, decl, span },
-                define_opaque,
-            },
-        ) => {
-            // Visibility is visited as a part of the item.
-            visit_defaultness(vis, defaultness);
-            vis.visit_ident(ident);
-            vis.visit_fn_header(header);
-            vis.visit_generics(generics);
-            vis.visit_fn_decl(decl);
-            if let Some(contract) = contract {
-                vis.visit_contract(contract);
-            }
-            if let Some(body) = body {
-                vis.visit_block(body);
-            }
-            vis.visit_span(span);
-
-            walk_define_opaques(vis, define_opaque);
-        }
-        FnKind::Closure(binder, coroutine_kind, decl, body) => {
-            vis.visit_closure_binder(binder);
-            coroutine_kind.as_mut().map(|coroutine_kind| vis.visit_coroutine_kind(coroutine_kind));
-            vis.visit_fn_decl(decl);
-            vis.visit_expr(body);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-fn walk_contract<T: MutVisitor>(vis: &mut T, contract: &mut FnContract) {
-    let FnContract { requires, ensures } = contract;
-    if let Some(pred) = requires {
-        vis.visit_expr(pred);
-    }
-    if let Some(pred) = ensures {
-        vis.visit_expr(pred);
-    }
-}
-
-fn walk_fn_decl<T: MutVisitor>(vis: &mut T, decl: &mut FnDecl) {
-    let FnDecl { inputs, output } = decl;
-    inputs.flat_map_in_place(|param| vis.flat_map_param(param));
-    vis.visit_fn_ret_ty(output);
-}
-
-fn walk_fn_ret_ty<T: MutVisitor>(vis: &mut T, fn_ret_ty: &mut FnRetTy) {
-    match fn_ret_ty {
-        FnRetTy::Default(span) => vis.visit_span(span),
-        FnRetTy::Ty(ty) => vis.visit_ty(ty),
-    }
-}
-
-fn walk_param_bound<T: MutVisitor>(vis: &mut T, pb: &mut GenericBound) {
-    match pb {
-        GenericBound::Trait(trait_ref) => vis.visit_poly_trait_ref(trait_ref),
-        GenericBound::Outlives(lifetime) => walk_lifetime(vis, lifetime),
-        GenericBound::Use(args, span) => {
-            for arg in args {
-                vis.visit_precise_capturing_arg(arg);
-            }
-            vis.visit_span(span);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-fn walk_precise_capturing_arg<T: MutVisitor>(vis: &mut T, arg: &mut PreciseCapturingArg) {
-    match arg {
-        PreciseCapturingArg::Lifetime(lt) => {
-            vis.visit_lifetime(lt);
-        }
-        PreciseCapturingArg::Arg(path, id) => {
-            vis.visit_id(id);
-            vis.visit_path(path);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-pub fn walk_generic_param<T: MutVisitor>(vis: &mut T, param: &mut GenericParam) {
-    let GenericParam { id, ident, attrs, bounds, kind, colon_span, is_placeholder: _ } = param;
-    vis.visit_id(id);
-    visit_attrs(vis, attrs);
-    vis.visit_ident(ident);
-    visit_vec(bounds, |bound| vis.visit_param_bound(bound, BoundKind::Bound));
-    match kind {
-        GenericParamKind::Lifetime => {}
-        GenericParamKind::Type { default } => {
-            visit_opt(default, |default| vis.visit_ty(default));
-        }
-        GenericParamKind::Const { ty, kw_span: _, default } => {
-            vis.visit_ty(ty);
-            visit_opt(default, |default| vis.visit_anon_const(default));
-        }
-    }
-    if let Some(colon_span) = colon_span {
-        vis.visit_span(colon_span);
-    }
-}
-
 pub fn walk_flat_map_generic_param<T: MutVisitor>(
     vis: &mut T,
     mut param: GenericParam,
@@ -718,13 +474,6 @@ pub fn walk_flat_map_generic_param<T: MutVisitor>(
     smallvec![param]
 }
 
-fn walk_generics<T: MutVisitor>(vis: &mut T, generics: &mut Generics) {
-    let Generics { params, where_clause, span } = generics;
-    params.flat_map_in_place(|param| vis.flat_map_generic_param(param));
-    vis.visit_where_clause(where_clause);
-    vis.visit_span(span);
-}
-
 fn walk_ty_alias_where_clauses<T: MutVisitor>(vis: &mut T, tawcs: &mut TyAliasWhereClauses) {
     let TyAliasWhereClauses { before, after, split: _ } = tawcs;
     let TyAliasWhereClause { has_where_token: _, span: span_before } = before;
@@ -733,70 +482,14 @@ fn walk_ty_alias_where_clauses<T: MutVisitor>(vis: &mut T, tawcs: &mut TyAliasWh
     vis.visit_span(span_after);
 }
 
-fn walk_where_clause<T: MutVisitor>(vis: &mut T, wc: &mut WhereClause) {
-    let WhereClause { has_where_token: _, predicates, span } = wc;
-    predicates.flat_map_in_place(|predicate| vis.flat_map_where_predicate(predicate));
-    vis.visit_span(span);
-}
-
 pub fn walk_flat_map_where_predicate<T: MutVisitor>(
     vis: &mut T,
     mut pred: WherePredicate,
 ) -> SmallVec<[WherePredicate; 1]> {
-    let WherePredicate { attrs, kind, id, span, is_placeholder: _ } = &mut pred;
-    vis.visit_id(id);
-    visit_attrs(vis, attrs);
-    vis.visit_where_predicate_kind(kind);
-    vis.visit_span(span);
+    walk_where_predicate(vis, &mut pred);
     smallvec![pred]
 }
 
-pub fn walk_where_predicate_kind<T: MutVisitor>(vis: &mut T, kind: &mut WherePredicateKind) {
-    match kind {
-        WherePredicateKind::BoundPredicate(bp) => {
-            let WhereBoundPredicate { bound_generic_params, bounded_ty, bounds } = bp;
-            bound_generic_params.flat_map_in_place(|param| vis.flat_map_generic_param(param));
-            vis.visit_ty(bounded_ty);
-            visit_vec(bounds, |bound| vis.visit_param_bound(bound, BoundKind::Bound));
-        }
-        WherePredicateKind::RegionPredicate(rp) => {
-            let WhereRegionPredicate { lifetime, bounds } = rp;
-            vis.visit_lifetime(lifetime);
-            visit_vec(bounds, |bound| vis.visit_param_bound(bound, BoundKind::Bound));
-        }
-        WherePredicateKind::EqPredicate(ep) => {
-            let WhereEqPredicate { lhs_ty, rhs_ty } = ep;
-            vis.visit_ty(lhs_ty);
-            vis.visit_ty(rhs_ty);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-fn walk_variant_data<T: MutVisitor>(vis: &mut T, vdata: &mut VariantData) {
-    match vdata {
-        VariantData::Struct { fields, recovered: _ } => {
-            fields.flat_map_in_place(|field| vis.flat_map_field_def(field));
-        }
-        VariantData::Tuple(fields, id) => {
-            vis.visit_id(id);
-            fields.flat_map_in_place(|field| vis.flat_map_field_def(field));
-        }
-        VariantData::Unit(id) => vis.visit_id(id),
-    }
-}
-
-pub fn walk_field_def<T: MutVisitor>(visitor: &mut T, fd: &mut FieldDef) {
-    let FieldDef { span, ident, vis, id, ty, attrs, is_placeholder: _, safety, default } = fd;
-    visitor.visit_id(id);
-    visit_attrs(visitor, attrs);
-    visitor.visit_vis(vis);
-    visit_safety(visitor, safety);
-    visit_opt(ident, |ident| visitor.visit_ident(ident));
-    visitor.visit_ty(ty);
-    visit_opt(default, |default| visitor.visit_anon_const(default));
-    visitor.visit_span(span);
-}
-
 pub fn walk_flat_map_field_def<T: MutVisitor>(
     vis: &mut T,
     mut fd: FieldDef,
@@ -846,255 +539,6 @@ pub fn walk_flat_map_assoc_item(
     smallvec![item]
 }
 
-fn walk_inline_asm<T: MutVisitor>(vis: &mut T, asm: &mut InlineAsm) {
-    // FIXME: Visit spans inside all this currently ignored stuff.
-    let InlineAsm {
-        asm_macro: _,
-        template: _,
-        template_strs: _,
-        operands,
-        clobber_abis: _,
-        options: _,
-        line_spans: _,
-    } = asm;
-    for (op, span) in operands {
-        match op {
-            InlineAsmOperand::In { expr, reg: _ }
-            | InlineAsmOperand::Out { expr: Some(expr), reg: _, late: _ }
-            | InlineAsmOperand::InOut { expr, reg: _, late: _ } => vis.visit_expr(expr),
-            InlineAsmOperand::Out { expr: None, reg: _, late: _ } => {}
-            InlineAsmOperand::SplitInOut { in_expr, out_expr, reg: _, late: _ } => {
-                vis.visit_expr(in_expr);
-                if let Some(out_expr) = out_expr {
-                    vis.visit_expr(out_expr);
-                }
-            }
-            InlineAsmOperand::Const { anon_const } => vis.visit_anon_const(anon_const),
-            InlineAsmOperand::Sym { sym } => vis.visit_inline_asm_sym(sym),
-            InlineAsmOperand::Label { block } => vis.visit_block(block),
-        }
-        vis.visit_span(span);
-    }
-}
-
-fn walk_inline_asm_sym<T: MutVisitor>(
-    vis: &mut T,
-    InlineAsmSym { id, qself, path }: &mut InlineAsmSym,
-) {
-    vis.visit_id(id);
-    vis.visit_qself(qself);
-    vis.visit_path(path);
-}
-
-fn walk_format_args<T: MutVisitor>(vis: &mut T, fmt: &mut FormatArgs) {
-    // FIXME: visit the template exhaustively.
-    let FormatArgs { span, template: _, arguments, uncooked_fmt_str: _ } = fmt;
-    for FormatArgument { kind, expr } in arguments.all_args_mut() {
-        match kind {
-            FormatArgumentKind::Named(ident) | FormatArgumentKind::Captured(ident) => {
-                vis.visit_ident(ident)
-            }
-            FormatArgumentKind::Normal => {}
-        }
-        vis.visit_expr(expr);
-    }
-    vis.visit_span(span);
-}
-
-pub fn walk_expr<T: MutVisitor>(vis: &mut T, Expr { kind, id, span, attrs, tokens: _ }: &mut Expr) {
-    vis.visit_id(id);
-    visit_attrs(vis, attrs);
-    match kind {
-        ExprKind::Array(exprs) => visit_exprs(vis, exprs),
-        ExprKind::ConstBlock(anon_const) => {
-            vis.visit_anon_const(anon_const);
-        }
-        ExprKind::Repeat(expr, count) => {
-            vis.visit_expr(expr);
-            vis.visit_anon_const(count);
-        }
-        ExprKind::Tup(exprs) => visit_exprs(vis, exprs),
-        ExprKind::Call(f, args) => {
-            vis.visit_expr(f);
-            visit_exprs(vis, args);
-        }
-        ExprKind::MethodCall(box MethodCall {
-            seg: PathSegment { ident, id, args: seg_args },
-            receiver,
-            args: call_args,
-            span,
-        }) => {
-            vis.visit_method_receiver_expr(receiver);
-            vis.visit_id(id);
-            vis.visit_ident(ident);
-            visit_opt(seg_args, |args| vis.visit_generic_args(args));
-            visit_exprs(vis, call_args);
-            vis.visit_span(span);
-        }
-        ExprKind::Binary(binop, lhs, rhs) => {
-            vis.visit_expr(lhs);
-            vis.visit_expr(rhs);
-            vis.visit_span(&mut binop.span);
-        }
-        ExprKind::Unary(_unop, ohs) => vis.visit_expr(ohs),
-        ExprKind::Cast(expr, ty) => {
-            vis.visit_expr(expr);
-            vis.visit_ty(ty);
-        }
-        ExprKind::Type(expr, ty) => {
-            vis.visit_expr(expr);
-            vis.visit_ty(ty);
-        }
-        ExprKind::AddrOf(_kind, _mut, ohs) => vis.visit_expr(ohs),
-        ExprKind::Let(pat, scrutinee, span, _recovered) => {
-            vis.visit_pat(pat);
-            vis.visit_expr(scrutinee);
-            vis.visit_span(span);
-        }
-        ExprKind::If(cond, tr, fl) => {
-            vis.visit_expr(cond);
-            vis.visit_block(tr);
-            visit_opt(fl, |fl| ensure_sufficient_stack(|| vis.visit_expr(fl)));
-        }
-        ExprKind::While(cond, body, label) => {
-            visit_opt(label, |label| vis.visit_label(label));
-            vis.visit_expr(cond);
-            vis.visit_block(body);
-        }
-        ExprKind::ForLoop { pat, iter, body, label, kind: _ } => {
-            visit_opt(label, |label| vis.visit_label(label));
-            vis.visit_pat(pat);
-            vis.visit_expr(iter);
-            vis.visit_block(body);
-        }
-        ExprKind::Loop(body, label, span) => {
-            visit_opt(label, |label| vis.visit_label(label));
-            vis.visit_block(body);
-            vis.visit_span(span);
-        }
-        ExprKind::Match(expr, arms, _kind) => {
-            vis.visit_expr(expr);
-            arms.flat_map_in_place(|arm| vis.flat_map_arm(arm));
-        }
-        ExprKind::Closure(box Closure {
-            binder,
-            capture_clause,
-            constness,
-            coroutine_kind,
-            movability: _,
-            fn_decl,
-            body,
-            fn_decl_span,
-            fn_arg_span,
-        }) => {
-            visit_constness(vis, constness);
-            vis.visit_capture_by(capture_clause);
-            vis.visit_fn(FnKind::Closure(binder, coroutine_kind, fn_decl, body), *span, *id);
-            vis.visit_span(fn_decl_span);
-            vis.visit_span(fn_arg_span);
-        }
-        ExprKind::Block(blk, label) => {
-            visit_opt(label, |label| vis.visit_label(label));
-            vis.visit_block(blk);
-        }
-        ExprKind::Gen(_capture_by, body, _kind, decl_span) => {
-            vis.visit_block(body);
-            vis.visit_span(decl_span);
-        }
-        ExprKind::Await(expr, await_kw_span) => {
-            vis.visit_expr(expr);
-            vis.visit_span(await_kw_span);
-        }
-        ExprKind::Use(expr, use_kw_span) => {
-            vis.visit_expr(expr);
-            vis.visit_span(use_kw_span);
-        }
-        ExprKind::Assign(el, er, span) => {
-            vis.visit_expr(el);
-            vis.visit_expr(er);
-            vis.visit_span(span);
-        }
-        ExprKind::AssignOp(_op, el, er) => {
-            vis.visit_expr(el);
-            vis.visit_expr(er);
-        }
-        ExprKind::Field(el, ident) => {
-            vis.visit_expr(el);
-            vis.visit_ident(ident);
-        }
-        ExprKind::Index(el, er, brackets_span) => {
-            vis.visit_expr(el);
-            vis.visit_expr(er);
-            vis.visit_span(brackets_span);
-        }
-        ExprKind::Range(e1, e2, _lim) => {
-            visit_opt(e1, |e1| vis.visit_expr(e1));
-            visit_opt(e2, |e2| vis.visit_expr(e2));
-        }
-        ExprKind::Underscore => {}
-        ExprKind::Path(qself, path) => {
-            vis.visit_qself(qself);
-            vis.visit_path(path);
-        }
-        ExprKind::Break(label, expr) => {
-            visit_opt(label, |label| vis.visit_label(label));
-            visit_opt(expr, |expr| vis.visit_expr(expr));
-        }
-        ExprKind::Continue(label) => {
-            visit_opt(label, |label| vis.visit_label(label));
-        }
-        ExprKind::Ret(expr) => {
-            visit_opt(expr, |expr| vis.visit_expr(expr));
-        }
-        ExprKind::Yeet(expr) => {
-            visit_opt(expr, |expr| vis.visit_expr(expr));
-        }
-        ExprKind::Become(expr) => vis.visit_expr(expr),
-        ExprKind::InlineAsm(asm) => vis.visit_inline_asm(asm),
-        ExprKind::FormatArgs(fmt) => vis.visit_format_args(fmt),
-        ExprKind::OffsetOf(container, fields) => {
-            vis.visit_ty(container);
-            for field in fields.iter_mut() {
-                vis.visit_ident(field);
-            }
-        }
-        ExprKind::MacCall(mac) => vis.visit_mac_call(mac),
-        ExprKind::Struct(se) => {
-            let StructExpr { qself, path, fields, rest } = se.deref_mut();
-            vis.visit_qself(qself);
-            vis.visit_path(path);
-            fields.flat_map_in_place(|field| vis.flat_map_expr_field(field));
-            match rest {
-                StructRest::Base(expr) => vis.visit_expr(expr),
-                StructRest::Rest(_span) => {}
-                StructRest::None => {}
-            }
-        }
-        ExprKind::Paren(expr) => {
-            vis.visit_expr(expr);
-        }
-        ExprKind::Yield(kind) => {
-            let expr = kind.expr_mut();
-            if let Some(expr) = expr {
-                vis.visit_expr(expr);
-            }
-        }
-        ExprKind::Try(expr) => vis.visit_expr(expr),
-        ExprKind::TryBlock(body) => vis.visit_block(body),
-        ExprKind::Lit(_token) => {}
-        ExprKind::IncludedBytes(_bytes) => {}
-        ExprKind::UnsafeBinderCast(_kind, expr, ty) => {
-            vis.visit_expr(expr);
-            if let Some(ty) = ty {
-                vis.visit_ty(ty);
-            }
-        }
-        ExprKind::Err(_guar) => {}
-        ExprKind::Dummy => {}
-    }
-    vis.visit_span(span);
-}
-
 pub fn walk_filter_map_expr<T: MutVisitor>(vis: &mut T, mut e: P<Expr>) -> Option<P<Expr>> {
     vis.visit_expr(&mut e);
     Some(e)
@@ -1139,18 +583,6 @@ fn walk_flat_map_stmt_kind<T: MutVisitor>(vis: &mut T, kind: StmtKind) -> SmallV
     }
 }
 
-fn walk_vis<T: MutVisitor>(vis: &mut T, visibility: &mut Visibility) {
-    let Visibility { kind, span, tokens: _ } = visibility;
-    match kind {
-        VisibilityKind::Public | VisibilityKind::Inherited => {}
-        VisibilityKind::Restricted { path, id, shorthand: _ } => {
-            vis.visit_id(id);
-            vis.visit_path(path);
-        }
-    }
-    vis.visit_span(span);
-}
-
 fn walk_capture_by<T: MutVisitor>(vis: &mut T, capture_by: &mut CaptureBy) {
     match capture_by {
         CaptureBy::Ref => {}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/visit.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/visit.rs
index d2f22b04a67..c88aa5c33ea 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/visit.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/visit.rs
@@ -15,11 +15,13 @@
 
 pub use rustc_ast_ir::visit::VisitorResult;
 pub use rustc_ast_ir::{try_visit, visit_opt, walk_list, walk_visitable_list};
+use rustc_span::source_map::Spanned;
 use rustc_span::{Ident, Span};
 use thin_vec::ThinVec;
 
 use crate::ast::*;
 use crate::ptr::P;
+use crate::tokenstream::DelimSpan;
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub enum AssocCtxt {
@@ -237,8 +239,8 @@ pub trait Visitor<'ast>: Sized {
     fn visit_id(&mut self, _id: NodeId) -> Self::Result {
         Self::Result::output()
     }
-    fn visit_macro_def(&mut self, _mac: &'ast MacroDef) -> Self::Result {
-        Self::Result::output()
+    fn visit_macro_def(&mut self, macro_def: &'ast MacroDef) -> Self::Result {
+        walk_macro_def(self, macro_def)
     }
     fn visit_path(&mut self, path: &'ast Path) -> Self::Result {
         walk_path(self, path)
@@ -320,8 +322,8 @@ macro_rules! common_visitor_and_walkers {
                 id: NodeId,
                 visibility: &$($lt)? $($mut)? Visibility,
                 ctxt: Self::Ctxt,
-                visitor: &mut V,
-            ) $(-> <V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result)?;
+                vis: &mut V,
+            ) -> V::Result;
         }
 
         // this is only used by the MutVisitor. We include this symmetry here to make writing other functions easier
@@ -329,12 +331,12 @@ macro_rules! common_visitor_and_walkers {
             #[expect(unused, rustc::pass_by_value)]
             #[inline]
         )?
-        fn visit_span<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(visitor: &mut V, span: &$($lt)? $($mut)? Span) $(-> <V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result)? {
+        fn visit_span<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(vis: &mut V, span: &$($lt)? $($mut)? Span) -> V::Result {
             $(
                 ${ignore($mut)}
-                visitor.visit_span(span);
+                vis.visit_span(span);
             )?
-            $(${ignore($lt)}V::Result::output())?
+            V::Result::output()
         }
 
         /// helper since `Visitor` wants `NodeId` but `MutVisitor` wants `&mut NodeId`
@@ -342,34 +344,34 @@ macro_rules! common_visitor_and_walkers {
             #[expect(rustc::pass_by_value)]
         )?
         #[inline]
-        fn visit_id<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(visitor: &mut V, id: &$($lt)? $($mut)? NodeId) $(-> <V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result)? {
+        fn visit_id<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(vis: &mut V, id: &$($lt)? $($mut)? NodeId) -> V::Result {
             // deref `&NodeId` into `NodeId` only for `Visitor`
-            visitor.visit_id( $(${ignore($lt)} * )? id)
+            vis.visit_id( $(${ignore($lt)} * )? id)
         }
 
         // this is only used by the MutVisitor. We include this symmetry here to make writing other functions easier
-        fn visit_safety<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(vis: &mut V, safety: &$($lt)? $($mut)? Safety) $(-> <V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result)? {
+        fn visit_safety<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(vis: &mut V, safety: &$($lt)? $($mut)? Safety) -> V::Result {
             match safety {
                 Safety::Unsafe(span) => visit_span(vis, span),
                 Safety::Safe(span) => visit_span(vis, span),
-                Safety::Default => { $(${ignore($lt)}V::Result::output())? }
+                Safety::Default => { V::Result::output() }
             }
         }
 
-        fn visit_constness<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(vis: &mut V, constness: &$($lt)? $($mut)? Const) $(-> <V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result)? {
+        fn visit_constness<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(vis: &mut V, constness: &$($lt)? $($mut)? Const) -> V::Result {
             match constness {
                 Const::Yes(span) => visit_span(vis, span),
                 Const::No => {
-                    $(<V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result::output())?
+                    V::Result::output()
                 }
             }
         }
 
-        fn visit_defaultness<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(vis: &mut V, defaultness: &$($lt)? $($mut)? Defaultness) $(-> <V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result)? {
+        fn visit_defaultness<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(vis: &mut V, defaultness: &$($lt)? $($mut)? Defaultness) -> V::Result {
             match defaultness {
                 Defaultness::Default(span) => visit_span(vis, span),
                 Defaultness::Final => {
-                    $(<V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result::output())?
+                    V::Result::output()
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -377,9 +379,9 @@ macro_rules! common_visitor_and_walkers {
         fn visit_polarity<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(
             vis: &mut V,
             polarity: &$($lt)? $($mut)? ImplPolarity,
-        ) $(-> <V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result)? {
+        ) -> V::Result {
             match polarity {
-                ImplPolarity::Positive => { $(<V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result::output())? }
+                ImplPolarity::Positive => { V::Result::output() }
                 ImplPolarity::Negative(span) => visit_span(vis, span),
             }
         }
@@ -390,7 +392,7 @@ macro_rules! common_visitor_and_walkers {
         fn visit_modifiers<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(
             vis: &mut V,
             m: &$($lt)? $($mut)? TraitBoundModifiers
-        ) $(-> <V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result)? {
+        ) -> V::Result {
             let TraitBoundModifiers { constness, asyncness, polarity } = m;
             match constness {
                 BoundConstness::Never => {}
@@ -404,26 +406,26 @@ macro_rules! common_visitor_and_walkers {
                 BoundPolarity::Positive => {}
                 BoundPolarity::Negative(span) | BoundPolarity::Maybe(span) => try_visit!(visit_span(vis, span)),
             }
-            $(<V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result::output())?
+            V::Result::output()
         }
 
-        fn visit_bounds<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(visitor: &mut V, bounds: &$($lt)? $($mut)? GenericBounds, ctxt: BoundKind) $(-> <V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result)? {
+        fn visit_bounds<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(visitor: &mut V, bounds: &$($lt)? $($mut)? GenericBounds, ctxt: BoundKind) -> V::Result {
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_param_bound, bounds, ctxt);
-            $(<V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result::output())?
+            V::Result::output()
         }
 
-        pub fn walk_label<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(visitor: &mut V, Label { ident }: &$($lt)? $($mut)? Label) $(-> <V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result)? {
+        pub fn walk_label<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(visitor: &mut V, Label { ident }: &$($lt)? $($mut)? Label) -> V::Result {
             visitor.visit_ident(ident)
         }
 
-        pub fn walk_fn_header<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(visitor: &mut V, header: &$($lt)? $($mut)? FnHeader) $(-> <V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result)? {
+        pub fn walk_fn_header<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(visitor: &mut V, header: &$($lt)? $($mut)? FnHeader) -> V::Result {
             let FnHeader { safety, coroutine_kind, constness, ext: _ } = header;
             try_visit!(visit_constness(visitor, constness));
             visit_opt!(visitor, visit_coroutine_kind, coroutine_kind);
             visit_safety(visitor, safety)
         }
 
-        pub fn walk_lifetime<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(visitor: &mut V, Lifetime { id, ident }: &$($lt)? $($mut)? Lifetime) $(-> <V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result)? {
+        pub fn walk_lifetime<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(visitor: &mut V, Lifetime { id, ident }: &$($lt)? $($mut)? Lifetime) -> V::Result {
             try_visit!(visit_id(visitor, id));
             visitor.visit_ident(ident)
         }
@@ -432,7 +434,7 @@ macro_rules! common_visitor_and_walkers {
             visitor: &mut V,
             item: &$($mut)? $($lt)? Item<K>,
             ctxt: K::Ctxt,
-        ) $(-> <V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result)? {
+        ) -> V::Result {
             let Item { attrs, id, kind, vis, span, tokens: _ } = item;
             try_visit!(visit_id(visitor, id));
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_attribute, attrs);
@@ -444,7 +446,7 @@ macro_rules! common_visitor_and_walkers {
         pub fn walk_item<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?, K: WalkItemKind<Ctxt = ()>>(
             visitor: &mut V,
             item: &$($mut)? $($lt)? Item<K>,
-        ) $(-> <V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result)? {
+        ) -> V::Result {
             walk_item_ctxt(visitor, item, ())
         }
 
@@ -452,7 +454,7 @@ macro_rules! common_visitor_and_walkers {
             visitor: &mut V,
             item: &$($mut)? $($lt)? AssocItem,
             ctxt: AssocCtxt,
-        ) $(-> <V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result)? {
+        ) -> V::Result {
             walk_item_ctxt(visitor, item, ctxt)
         }
 
@@ -465,7 +467,7 @@ macro_rules! common_visitor_and_walkers {
                 visibility: &$($lt)? $($mut)? Visibility,
                 _ctxt: Self::Ctxt,
                 vis: &mut V,
-            ) $(-> <V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result)? {
+            ) -> V::Result {
                 match self {
                     ItemKind::ExternCrate(_orig_name, ident) => vis.visit_ident(ident),
                     ItemKind::Use(use_tree) => vis.visit_use_tree(use_tree),
@@ -505,7 +507,7 @@ macro_rules! common_visitor_and_walkers {
                             }
                             ModKind::Unloaded => {}
                         }
-                        $(<V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result::output())?
+                        V::Result::output()
                     }
                     ItemKind::ForeignMod(nm) => vis.visit_foreign_mod(nm),
                     ItemKind::GlobalAsm(asm) => vis.visit_inline_asm(asm),
@@ -526,7 +528,7 @@ macro_rules! common_visitor_and_walkers {
                         $(${ignore($mut)}
                             walk_ty_alias_where_clauses(vis, where_clauses);
                         )?
-                        $(<V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result::output())?
+                        V::Result::output()
                     }
                     ItemKind::Enum(ident, generics, enum_definition) => {
                         try_visit!(vis.visit_ident(ident));
@@ -590,7 +592,7 @@ macro_rules! common_visitor_and_walkers {
                         try_visit!(vis.visit_ident(ident));
                         visit_opt!(vis, visit_ident, rename);
                         visit_opt!(vis, visit_block, body);
-                        $(<V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result::output())?
+                        V::Result::output()
                     }
                     ItemKind::DelegationMac(box DelegationMac { qself, prefix, suffixes, body }) => {
                         try_visit!(vis.visit_qself(qself));
@@ -602,7 +604,7 @@ macro_rules! common_visitor_and_walkers {
                             }
                         }
                         visit_opt!(vis, visit_block, body);
-                        $(<V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result::output())?
+                        V::Result::output()
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -611,7 +613,7 @@ macro_rules! common_visitor_and_walkers {
         fn walk_const_item<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(
             vis: &mut V,
             item: &$($lt)? $($mut)? ConstItem,
-        ) $(-> <V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result)? {
+        ) -> V::Result {
             let ConstItem { defaultness, ident, generics, ty, expr, define_opaque } = item;
             try_visit!(visit_defaultness(vis, defaultness));
             try_visit!(vis.visit_ident(ident));
@@ -621,7 +623,7 @@ macro_rules! common_visitor_and_walkers {
             walk_define_opaques(vis, define_opaque)
         }
 
-        fn walk_foreign_mod<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(vis: &mut V, foreign_mod: &$($lt)? $($mut)? ForeignMod) $(-> <V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result)? {
+        fn walk_foreign_mod<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(vis: &mut V, foreign_mod: &$($lt)? $($mut)? ForeignMod) -> V::Result {
             let ForeignMod { extern_span: _, safety, abi: _, items } = foreign_mod;
             try_visit!(visit_safety(vis, safety));
             visit_foreign_items(vis, items)
@@ -630,14 +632,14 @@ macro_rules! common_visitor_and_walkers {
         fn walk_define_opaques<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(
             visitor: &mut V,
             define_opaque: &$($lt)? $($mut)? Option<ThinVec<(NodeId, Path)>>,
-        ) $(-> <V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result)? {
+        ) -> V::Result {
             if let Some(define_opaque) = define_opaque {
                 for (id, path) in define_opaque {
                     try_visit!(visit_id(visitor, id));
                     try_visit!(visitor.visit_path(path));
                 }
             }
-            $(<V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result::output())?
+            V::Result::output()
         }
 
         impl WalkItemKind for AssocItemKind {
@@ -649,7 +651,7 @@ macro_rules! common_visitor_and_walkers {
                 visibility: &$($lt)? $($mut)? Visibility,
                 ctxt: Self::Ctxt,
                 vis: &mut V,
-            ) $(-> <V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result)? {
+            ) -> V::Result {
                 match self {
                     AssocItemKind::Const(item) => {
                         walk_const_item(vis, item)
@@ -674,7 +676,7 @@ macro_rules! common_visitor_and_walkers {
                         $(${ignore($mut)}
                             walk_ty_alias_where_clauses(vis, where_clauses);
                         )?
-                        $(<V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result::output())?
+                        V::Result::output()
                     }
                     AssocItemKind::MacCall(mac) => {
                         vis.visit_mac_call(mac)
@@ -694,7 +696,7 @@ macro_rules! common_visitor_and_walkers {
                         try_visit!(vis.visit_ident(ident));
                         visit_opt!(vis, visit_ident, rename);
                         visit_opt!(vis, visit_block, body);
-                        $(<V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result::output())?
+                        V::Result::output()
                     }
                     AssocItemKind::DelegationMac(box DelegationMac { qself, prefix, suffixes, body }) => {
                         try_visit!(vis.visit_qself(qself));
@@ -706,7 +708,7 @@ macro_rules! common_visitor_and_walkers {
                             }
                         }
                         visit_opt!(vis, visit_block, body);
-                        $(<V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result::output())?
+                        V::Result::output()
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -721,7 +723,7 @@ macro_rules! common_visitor_and_walkers {
                 visibility: &$($lt)? $($mut)? Visibility,
                 _ctxt: Self::Ctxt,
                 vis: &mut V,
-            ) $(-> <V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result)? {
+            ) -> V::Result {
                 match self {
                     ForeignItemKind::Static(box StaticItem {
                         ident,
@@ -756,7 +758,7 @@ macro_rules! common_visitor_and_walkers {
                         $(${ignore($mut)}
                             walk_ty_alias_where_clauses(vis, where_clauses);
                         )?
-                        $(<V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result::output())?
+                        V::Result::output()
                     }
                     ForeignItemKind::MacCall(mac) => {
                         vis.visit_mac_call(mac)
@@ -768,7 +770,7 @@ macro_rules! common_visitor_and_walkers {
         fn walk_coroutine_kind<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(
             vis: &mut V,
             coroutine_kind: &$($lt)? $($mut)? CoroutineKind,
-        ) $(-> <V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result)? {
+        ) -> V::Result {
             let (CoroutineKind::Async { span, closure_id, return_impl_trait_id }
                 | CoroutineKind::Gen { span, closure_id, return_impl_trait_id }
                 | CoroutineKind::AsyncGen { span, closure_id, return_impl_trait_id })
@@ -781,7 +783,7 @@ macro_rules! common_visitor_and_walkers {
         pub fn walk_pat<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(
             vis: &mut V,
             pattern: &$($lt)? $($mut)? Pat
-        ) $(-> <V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result)? {
+        ) -> V::Result {
             let Pat { id, kind, span, tokens: _ } = pattern;
             try_visit!(visit_id(vis, id));
             match kind {
@@ -832,7 +834,7 @@ macro_rules! common_visitor_and_walkers {
         pub fn walk_anon_const<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(
             vis: &mut V,
             constant: &$($lt)? $($mut)? AnonConst,
-        ) $(-> <V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result)? {
+        ) -> V::Result {
             let AnonConst { id, value } = constant;
             try_visit!(visit_id(vis, id));
             vis.visit_expr(value)
@@ -841,18 +843,18 @@ macro_rules! common_visitor_and_walkers {
         pub fn walk_path_segment<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(
             vis: &mut V,
             segment: &$($lt)? $($mut)? PathSegment,
-        ) $(-> <V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result)? {
+        ) -> V::Result {
             let PathSegment { ident, id, args } = segment;
             try_visit!(visit_id(vis, id));
             try_visit!(vis.visit_ident(ident));
             visit_opt!(vis, visit_generic_args, args);
-            $(<V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result::output())?
+            V::Result::output()
         }
 
         pub fn walk_block<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(
             vis: &mut V,
             block: &$($lt)? $($mut)? Block
-        ) $(-> <V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result)? {
+        ) -> V::Result {
             let Block { stmts, id, rules: _, span, tokens: _ } = block;
             try_visit!(visit_id(vis, id));
             try_visit!(visit_stmts(vis, stmts));
@@ -862,7 +864,7 @@ macro_rules! common_visitor_and_walkers {
 
         pub fn walk_ty<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(
             vis: &mut V, ty: &$($lt)? $($mut)? Ty
-        ) $(-> <V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result)? {
+        ) -> V::Result {
             let Ty { id, kind, span, tokens: _ } = ty;
             try_visit!(visit_id(vis, id));
             match kind {
@@ -920,7 +922,7 @@ macro_rules! common_visitor_and_walkers {
         pub fn walk_crate<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(
             vis: &mut V,
             krate: &$($lt)? $($mut)? Crate,
-        ) $(-> <V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result)? {
+        ) -> V::Result {
             let Crate { attrs, items, spans, id, is_placeholder: _ } = krate;
             try_visit!(visit_id(vis, id));
             walk_list!(vis, visit_attribute, attrs);
@@ -933,7 +935,7 @@ macro_rules! common_visitor_and_walkers {
         pub fn walk_local<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(
             vis: &mut V,
             local: &$($lt)? $($mut)? Local,
-        ) $(-> <V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result)? {
+        ) -> V::Result {
             let Local { id, super_, pat, ty, kind, span, colon_sp, attrs, tokens: _ } = local;
             if let Some(sp) = super_ {
                 try_visit!(visit_span(vis, sp));
@@ -961,7 +963,7 @@ macro_rules! common_visitor_and_walkers {
         pub fn walk_poly_trait_ref<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(
             vis: &mut V,
             p: &$($lt)? $($mut)? PolyTraitRef,
-        ) $(-> <V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result)? {
+        ) -> V::Result {
             let PolyTraitRef { bound_generic_params, modifiers, trait_ref, span } = p;
             try_visit!(visit_modifiers(vis, modifiers));
             try_visit!(visit_generic_params(vis, bound_generic_params));
@@ -972,7 +974,7 @@ macro_rules! common_visitor_and_walkers {
         pub fn walk_trait_ref<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(
             vis: &mut V,
             TraitRef { path, ref_id }: &$($lt)? $($mut)? TraitRef,
-        ) $(-> <V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result)? {
+        ) -> V::Result {
             try_visit!(vis.visit_path(path));
             visit_id(vis, ref_id)
         }
@@ -980,7 +982,7 @@ macro_rules! common_visitor_and_walkers {
         pub fn walk_variant<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(
             vis: &mut V,
             variant: &$($lt)? $($mut)? Variant,
-        ) $(-> <V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result)? {
+        ) -> V::Result {
             let Variant { attrs, id, span, vis: visibility, ident, data, disr_expr, is_placeholder: _ } = variant;
             try_visit!(visit_id(vis, id));
             walk_list!(vis, visit_attribute, attrs);
@@ -995,7 +997,7 @@ macro_rules! common_visitor_and_walkers {
         pub fn walk_expr_field<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(
             vis: &mut V,
             f: &$($lt)? $($mut)? ExprField,
-        ) $(-> <V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result)? {
+        ) -> V::Result {
             let ExprField { attrs, id, span, ident, expr, is_shorthand: _, is_placeholder: _ } = f;
             try_visit!(visit_id(vis, id));
             walk_list!(vis, visit_attribute, attrs);
@@ -1007,7 +1009,7 @@ macro_rules! common_visitor_and_walkers {
         pub fn walk_pat_field<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(
             vis: &mut V,
             fp: &$($lt)? $($mut)? PatField,
-        ) $(-> <V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result)? {
+        ) -> V::Result {
             let PatField { ident, pat, is_shorthand: _, attrs, id, span, is_placeholder: _ } = fp;
             try_visit!(visit_id(vis, id));
             walk_list!(vis, visit_attribute, attrs);
@@ -1019,7 +1021,7 @@ macro_rules! common_visitor_and_walkers {
         pub fn walk_ty_pat<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(
             vis: &mut V,
             tp: &$($lt)? $($mut)? TyPat,
-        ) $(-> <V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result)? {
+        ) -> V::Result {
             let TyPat { id, kind, span, tokens: _ } = tp;
             try_visit!(visit_id(vis, id));
             match kind {
@@ -1036,19 +1038,19 @@ macro_rules! common_visitor_and_walkers {
         fn walk_qself<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(
             vis: &mut V,
             qself: &$($lt)? $($mut)? Option<P<QSelf>>,
-        ) $(-> <V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result)? {
+        ) -> V::Result {
             if let Some(qself) = qself {
                 let QSelf { ty, path_span, position: _ } = &$($mut)? **qself;
                 try_visit!(vis.visit_ty(ty));
                 try_visit!(visit_span(vis, path_span));
             }
-            $(<V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result::output())?
+            V::Result::output()
         }
 
         pub fn walk_path<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(
             vis: &mut V,
             path: &$($lt)? $($mut)? Path,
-        ) $(-> <V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result)? {
+        ) -> V::Result {
             let Path { span, segments, tokens: _ } = path;
             walk_list!(vis, visit_path_segment, segments);
             visit_span(vis, span)
@@ -1057,7 +1059,7 @@ macro_rules! common_visitor_and_walkers {
         pub fn walk_use_tree<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(
             vis: &mut V,
             use_tree: &$($lt)? $($mut)? UseTree,
-        ) $(-> <V as Visitor<$lt>>::Result)? {
+        ) -> V::Result {
             let UseTree { prefix, kind, span } = use_tree;
             try_visit!(vis.visit_path(prefix));
             match kind {
@@ -1075,573 +1077,640 @@ macro_rules! common_visitor_and_walkers {
             }
             visit_span(vis, span)
         }
-    };
-}
-
-common_visitor_and_walkers!(Visitor<'a>);
 
-macro_rules! generate_list_visit_fns {
-    ($($name:ident, $Ty:ty, $visit_fn:ident$(, $param:ident: $ParamTy:ty)*;)+) => {
-        $(
-            fn $name<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(
-                vis: &mut V,
-                values: &'a ThinVec<$Ty>,
-                $(
-                    $param: $ParamTy,
-                )*
-            ) -> V::Result {
-                walk_list!(vis, $visit_fn, values$(,$param)*);
-                V::Result::output()
+        pub fn walk_generic_args<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(
+            vis: &mut V,
+            generic_args: &$($lt)? $($mut)? GenericArgs
+        ) -> V::Result {
+            match generic_args {
+                GenericArgs::AngleBracketed(AngleBracketedArgs { span, args }) => {
+                    for arg in args {
+                        match arg {
+                            AngleBracketedArg::Arg(a) => try_visit!(vis.visit_generic_arg(a)),
+                            AngleBracketedArg::Constraint(c) => {
+                                try_visit!(vis.visit_assoc_item_constraint(c))
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    visit_span(vis, span)
+                }
+                GenericArgs::Parenthesized(data) => {
+                    let ParenthesizedArgs { span, inputs, inputs_span, output } = data;
+                    walk_list!(vis, visit_ty, inputs);
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_fn_ret_ty(output));
+                    try_visit!(visit_span(vis, span));
+                    visit_span(vis, inputs_span)
+                }
+                GenericArgs::ParenthesizedElided(span) => visit_span(vis, span)
             }
-        )+
-    }
-}
+        }
 
-generate_list_visit_fns! {
-    visit_items, P<Item>, visit_item;
-    visit_foreign_items, P<ForeignItem>, visit_foreign_item;
-    visit_generic_params, GenericParam, visit_generic_param;
-    visit_stmts, Stmt, visit_stmt;
-    visit_pat_fields, PatField, visit_pat_field;
-    visit_variants, Variant, visit_variant;
-    visit_assoc_items, P<AssocItem>, visit_assoc_item, ctxt: AssocCtxt;
-}
+        pub fn walk_generic_arg<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(
+            vis: &mut V,
+            generic_arg: &$($lt)? $($mut)? GenericArg,
+        ) -> V::Result {
+            match generic_arg {
+                GenericArg::Lifetime(lt) => vis.visit_lifetime(lt, $(${ignore($lt)} LifetimeCtxt::GenericArg)? ),
+                GenericArg::Type(ty) => vis.visit_ty(ty),
+                GenericArg::Const(ct) => vis.visit_anon_const(ct),
+            }
+        }
 
-#[expect(rustc::pass_by_value)] // needed for symmetry with mut_visit
-fn visit_nested_use_tree<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(
-    vis: &mut V,
-    nested_tree: &'a UseTree,
-    &nested_id: &NodeId,
-) -> V::Result {
-    vis.visit_nested_use_tree(nested_tree, nested_id)
-}
+        pub fn walk_assoc_item_constraint<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(
+            vis: &mut V,
+            constraint: &$($lt)? $($mut)? AssocItemConstraint,
+        ) -> V::Result {
+            let AssocItemConstraint { id, ident, gen_args, kind, span } = constraint;
+            try_visit!(visit_id(vis, id));
+            try_visit!(vis.visit_ident(ident));
+            visit_opt!(vis, visit_generic_args, gen_args);
+            match kind {
+                AssocItemConstraintKind::Equality { term } => match term {
+                    Term::Ty(ty) => try_visit!(vis.visit_ty(ty)),
+                    Term::Const(c) => try_visit!(vis.visit_anon_const(c)),
+                },
+                AssocItemConstraintKind::Bound { bounds } => {
+                    try_visit!(visit_bounds(vis, bounds, BoundKind::Bound));
+                }
+            }
+            visit_span(vis, span)
+        }
 
-pub fn walk_generic_args<'a, V>(visitor: &mut V, generic_args: &'a GenericArgs) -> V::Result
-where
-    V: Visitor<'a>,
-{
-    match generic_args {
-        GenericArgs::AngleBracketed(AngleBracketedArgs { span: _, args }) => {
-            for arg in args {
-                match arg {
-                    AngleBracketedArg::Arg(a) => try_visit!(visitor.visit_generic_arg(a)),
-                    AngleBracketedArg::Constraint(c) => {
-                        try_visit!(visitor.visit_assoc_item_constraint(c))
-                    }
+        pub fn walk_param_bound<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(vis: &mut V, bound: &$($lt)? $($mut)? GenericBound) -> V::Result {
+            match bound {
+                GenericBound::Trait(trait_ref) => vis.visit_poly_trait_ref(trait_ref),
+                GenericBound::Outlives(lifetime) => vis.visit_lifetime(lifetime, $(${ignore($lt)} LifetimeCtxt::Bound)?),
+                GenericBound::Use(args, span) => {
+                    walk_list!(vis, visit_precise_capturing_arg, args);
+                    visit_span(vis, span)
                 }
             }
         }
-        GenericArgs::Parenthesized(data) => {
-            let ParenthesizedArgs { span: _, inputs, inputs_span: _, output } = data;
-            walk_list!(visitor, visit_ty, inputs);
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_fn_ret_ty(output));
+
+        pub fn walk_precise_capturing_arg<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(
+            vis: &mut V,
+            arg: &$($lt)? $($mut)? PreciseCapturingArg,
+        ) -> V::Result {
+            match arg {
+                PreciseCapturingArg::Lifetime(lt) => vis.visit_lifetime(lt, $(${ignore($lt)} LifetimeCtxt::GenericArg)?),
+                PreciseCapturingArg::Arg(path, id) => {
+                    try_visit!(visit_id(vis, id));
+                    vis.visit_path(path)
+                }
+            }
         }
-        GenericArgs::ParenthesizedElided(_span) => {}
-    }
-    V::Result::output()
-}
 
-pub fn walk_generic_arg<'a, V>(visitor: &mut V, generic_arg: &'a GenericArg) -> V::Result
-where
-    V: Visitor<'a>,
-{
-    match generic_arg {
-        GenericArg::Lifetime(lt) => visitor.visit_lifetime(lt, LifetimeCtxt::GenericArg),
-        GenericArg::Type(ty) => visitor.visit_ty(ty),
-        GenericArg::Const(ct) => visitor.visit_anon_const(ct),
-    }
-}
+        pub fn walk_generic_param<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(
+            vis: &mut V,
+            param: &$($lt)? $($mut)? GenericParam,
+        ) -> V::Result {
+            let GenericParam { id, ident, attrs, bounds, is_placeholder: _, kind, colon_span } =
+                param;
+            try_visit!(visit_id(vis, id));
+            walk_list!(vis, visit_attribute, attrs);
+            try_visit!(vis.visit_ident(ident));
+            walk_list!(vis, visit_param_bound, bounds, BoundKind::Bound);
+            match kind {
+                GenericParamKind::Lifetime => (),
+                GenericParamKind::Type { default } => visit_opt!(vis, visit_ty, default),
+                GenericParamKind::Const { ty, default, kw_span: _ } => {
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_ty(ty));
+                    visit_opt!(vis, visit_anon_const, default);
+                }
+            }
+            if let Some(sp) = colon_span {
+                try_visit!(visit_span(vis, sp))
+            }
+            V::Result::output()
+        }
 
-pub fn walk_assoc_item_constraint<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(
-    visitor: &mut V,
-    constraint: &'a AssocItemConstraint,
-) -> V::Result {
-    let AssocItemConstraint { id: _, ident, gen_args, kind, span: _ } = constraint;
-    try_visit!(visitor.visit_ident(ident));
-    visit_opt!(visitor, visit_generic_args, gen_args);
-    match kind {
-        AssocItemConstraintKind::Equality { term } => match term {
-            Term::Ty(ty) => try_visit!(visitor.visit_ty(ty)),
-            Term::Const(c) => try_visit!(visitor.visit_anon_const(c)),
-        },
-        AssocItemConstraintKind::Bound { bounds } => {
-            walk_list!(visitor, visit_param_bound, bounds, BoundKind::Bound);
+        pub fn walk_generics<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(vis: &mut V, generics: &$($lt)? $($mut)? Generics) -> V::Result {
+            let Generics { params, where_clause, span } = generics;
+            let WhereClause { has_where_token: _, predicates, span: where_clause_span } = where_clause;
+            try_visit!(visit_generic_params(vis, params));
+            try_visit!(visit_where_predicates(vis, predicates));
+            try_visit!(visit_span(vis, span));
+            visit_span(vis, where_clause_span)
         }
-    }
-    V::Result::output()
-}
 
-pub fn walk_param_bound<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, bound: &'a GenericBound) -> V::Result {
-    match bound {
-        GenericBound::Trait(trait_ref) => visitor.visit_poly_trait_ref(trait_ref),
-        GenericBound::Outlives(lifetime) => visitor.visit_lifetime(lifetime, LifetimeCtxt::Bound),
-        GenericBound::Use(args, _span) => {
-            walk_list!(visitor, visit_precise_capturing_arg, args);
+        pub fn walk_contract<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(vis: &mut V, c: &$($lt)? $($mut)? FnContract) -> V::Result {
+            let FnContract { requires, ensures } = c;
+            visit_opt!(vis, visit_expr, requires);
+            visit_opt!(vis, visit_expr, ensures);
             V::Result::output()
         }
-    }
-}
 
-pub fn walk_precise_capturing_arg<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(
-    visitor: &mut V,
-    arg: &'a PreciseCapturingArg,
-) -> V::Result {
-    match arg {
-        PreciseCapturingArg::Lifetime(lt) => visitor.visit_lifetime(lt, LifetimeCtxt::GenericArg),
-        PreciseCapturingArg::Arg(path, id) => {
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_id(*id));
-            visitor.visit_path(path)
+        pub fn walk_where_predicate<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(
+            vis: &mut V,
+            predicate: &$($lt)? $($mut)? WherePredicate,
+        ) -> V::Result {
+            let WherePredicate { attrs, kind, id, span, is_placeholder: _ } = predicate;
+            try_visit!(visit_id(vis, id));
+            walk_list!(vis, visit_attribute, attrs);
+            try_visit!(visit_span(vis, span));
+            vis.visit_where_predicate_kind(kind)
         }
-    }
-}
 
-pub fn walk_generic_param<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(
-    visitor: &mut V,
-    param: &'a GenericParam,
-) -> V::Result {
-    let GenericParam { id: _, ident, attrs, bounds, is_placeholder: _, kind, colon_span: _ } =
-        param;
-    walk_list!(visitor, visit_attribute, attrs);
-    try_visit!(visitor.visit_ident(ident));
-    walk_list!(visitor, visit_param_bound, bounds, BoundKind::Bound);
-    match kind {
-        GenericParamKind::Lifetime => (),
-        GenericParamKind::Type { default } => visit_opt!(visitor, visit_ty, default),
-        GenericParamKind::Const { ty, default, kw_span: _ } => {
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_ty(ty));
-            visit_opt!(visitor, visit_anon_const, default);
+        pub fn walk_closure_binder<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(
+            vis: &mut V,
+            binder: &$($lt)? $($mut)? ClosureBinder,
+        ) -> V::Result {
+            match binder {
+                ClosureBinder::NotPresent => {}
+                ClosureBinder::For { generic_params, span } => {
+                    try_visit!(visit_generic_params(vis, generic_params));
+                    try_visit!(visit_span(vis, span));
+                }
+            }
+            V::Result::output()
         }
-    }
-    V::Result::output()
-}
-
-pub fn walk_generics<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, generics: &'a Generics) -> V::Result {
-    let Generics { params, where_clause, span: _ } = generics;
-    let WhereClause { has_where_token: _, predicates, span: _ } = where_clause;
-    walk_list!(visitor, visit_generic_param, params);
-    walk_list!(visitor, visit_where_predicate, predicates);
-    V::Result::output()
-}
 
-pub fn walk_closure_binder<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(
-    visitor: &mut V,
-    binder: &'a ClosureBinder,
-) -> V::Result {
-    match binder {
-        ClosureBinder::NotPresent => {}
-        ClosureBinder::For { generic_params, span: _ } => {
-            walk_list!(visitor, visit_generic_param, generic_params)
+        pub fn walk_where_predicate_kind<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(
+            vis: &mut V,
+            kind: &$($lt)? $($mut)? WherePredicateKind,
+        ) -> V::Result {
+            match kind {
+                WherePredicateKind::BoundPredicate(WhereBoundPredicate {
+                    bounded_ty,
+                    bounds,
+                    bound_generic_params,
+                }) => {
+                    visit_generic_params(vis, bound_generic_params);
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_ty(bounded_ty));
+                    walk_list!(vis, visit_param_bound, bounds, BoundKind::Bound);
+                }
+                WherePredicateKind::RegionPredicate(WhereRegionPredicate { lifetime, bounds }) => {
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_lifetime(lifetime, $(${ignore($lt)} LifetimeCtxt::Bound )?));
+                    walk_list!(vis, visit_param_bound, bounds, BoundKind::Bound);
+                }
+                WherePredicateKind::EqPredicate(WhereEqPredicate { lhs_ty, rhs_ty }) => {
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_ty(lhs_ty));
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_ty(rhs_ty));
+                }
+            }
+            V::Result::output()
         }
-    }
-    V::Result::output()
-}
 
-pub fn walk_contract<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, c: &'a FnContract) -> V::Result {
-    let FnContract { requires, ensures } = c;
-    if let Some(pred) = requires {
-        visitor.visit_expr(pred);
-    }
-    if let Some(pred) = ensures {
-        visitor.visit_expr(pred);
-    }
-    V::Result::output()
-}
+        pub fn walk_fn_decl<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(
+            vis: &mut V,
+            FnDecl { inputs, output }: &$($lt)? $($mut)? FnDecl,
+        ) -> V::Result {
+            try_visit!(visit_params(vis, inputs));
+            vis.visit_fn_ret_ty(output)
+        }
 
-pub fn walk_where_predicate<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(
-    visitor: &mut V,
-    predicate: &'a WherePredicate,
-) -> V::Result {
-    let WherePredicate { attrs, kind, id: _, span: _, is_placeholder: _ } = predicate;
-    walk_list!(visitor, visit_attribute, attrs);
-    visitor.visit_where_predicate_kind(kind)
-}
+        pub fn walk_fn_ret_ty<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(vis: &mut V, ret_ty: &$($lt)? $($mut)? FnRetTy) -> V::Result {
+            match ret_ty {
+                FnRetTy::Default(span) => visit_span(vis, span),
+                FnRetTy::Ty(output_ty) => vis.visit_ty(output_ty),
+            }
+        }
 
-pub fn walk_where_predicate_kind<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(
-    visitor: &mut V,
-    kind: &'a WherePredicateKind,
-) -> V::Result {
-    match kind {
-        WherePredicateKind::BoundPredicate(WhereBoundPredicate {
-            bounded_ty,
-            bounds,
-            bound_generic_params,
-        }) => {
-            walk_list!(visitor, visit_generic_param, bound_generic_params);
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_ty(bounded_ty));
-            walk_list!(visitor, visit_param_bound, bounds, BoundKind::Bound);
+        pub fn walk_fn<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(vis: &mut V, kind: FnKind<$($lt)? $(${ignore($mut)} '_)?>) -> V::Result {
+            match kind {
+                FnKind::Fn(
+                    _ctxt,
+                    _vis,
+                    Fn {
+                        defaultness,
+                        ident,
+                        sig: FnSig { header, decl, span },
+                        generics,
+                        contract,
+                        body,
+                        define_opaque,
+                    },
+                ) => {
+                    // Visibility is visited as a part of the item.
+                    try_visit!(visit_defaultness(vis, defaultness));
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_ident(ident));
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_fn_header(header));
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_generics(generics));
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_fn_decl(decl));
+                    visit_opt!(vis, visit_contract, contract);
+                    visit_opt!(vis, visit_block, body);
+                    try_visit!(visit_span(vis, span));
+                    walk_define_opaques(vis, define_opaque)
+                }
+                FnKind::Closure(binder, coroutine_kind, decl, body) => {
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_closure_binder(binder));
+                    visit_opt!(vis, visit_coroutine_kind, coroutine_kind);
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_fn_decl(decl));
+                    vis.visit_expr(body)
+                }
+            }
         }
-        WherePredicateKind::RegionPredicate(WhereRegionPredicate { lifetime, bounds }) => {
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_lifetime(lifetime, LifetimeCtxt::Bound));
-            walk_list!(visitor, visit_param_bound, bounds, BoundKind::Bound);
+
+        pub fn walk_variant_data<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(vis: &mut V, data: &$($lt)? $($mut)? VariantData) -> V::Result {
+            match data {
+                VariantData::Struct { fields, recovered: _ } => {
+                    visit_field_defs(vis, fields)
+                }
+                VariantData::Tuple(fields, id) => {
+                    try_visit!(visit_id(vis, id));
+                    visit_field_defs(vis, fields)
+                }
+                VariantData::Unit(id) => visit_id(vis, id),
+            }
         }
-        WherePredicateKind::EqPredicate(WhereEqPredicate { lhs_ty, rhs_ty }) => {
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_ty(lhs_ty));
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_ty(rhs_ty));
+
+        pub fn walk_field_def<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(vis: &mut V, field: &$($lt)? $($mut)? FieldDef) -> V::Result {
+            let FieldDef { attrs, id, span, vis: visibility, ident, ty, is_placeholder: _, safety: _, default } =
+                field;
+            try_visit!(visit_id(vis, id));
+            walk_list!(vis, visit_attribute, attrs);
+            try_visit!(vis.visit_vis(visibility));
+            visit_opt!(vis, visit_ident, ident);
+            try_visit!(vis.visit_ty(ty));
+            visit_opt!(vis, visit_anon_const, default);
+            visit_span(vis, span)
         }
-    }
-    V::Result::output()
-}
 
-pub fn walk_fn_ret_ty<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, ret_ty: &'a FnRetTy) -> V::Result {
-    match ret_ty {
-        FnRetTy::Default(_span) => {}
-        FnRetTy::Ty(output_ty) => try_visit!(visitor.visit_ty(output_ty)),
-    }
-    V::Result::output()
-}
+        fn visit_delim_args<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(vis: &mut V, args: &$($lt)? $($mut)? DelimArgs) -> V::Result {
+            let DelimArgs { dspan, delim: _, tokens: _ } = args;
+            let DelimSpan { open, close } = dspan;
+            try_visit!(visit_span(vis, open));
+            visit_span(vis, close)
+        }
 
-pub fn walk_fn_decl<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(
-    visitor: &mut V,
-    FnDecl { inputs, output }: &'a FnDecl,
-) -> V::Result {
-    walk_list!(visitor, visit_param, inputs);
-    visitor.visit_fn_ret_ty(output)
-}
+        pub fn walk_mac<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(vis: &mut V, mac: &$($lt)? $($mut)? MacCall) -> V::Result {
+            let MacCall { path, args } = mac;
+            try_visit!(vis.visit_path(path));
+            visit_delim_args(vis, args)
+        }
+
+        fn walk_macro_def<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(vis: &mut V, macro_def: &$($lt)? $($mut)? MacroDef) -> V::Result {
+            let MacroDef { body, macro_rules: _ } = macro_def;
+            visit_delim_args(vis, body)
+        }
+
+        pub fn walk_inline_asm<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(vis: &mut V, asm: &$($lt)? $($mut)? InlineAsm) -> V::Result {
+            // FIXME: Visit spans inside all this currently ignored stuff.
+            let InlineAsm {
+                asm_macro: _,
+                template: _,
+                template_strs: _,
+                operands,
+                clobber_abis: _,
+                options: _,
+                line_spans: _,
+            } = asm;
+            for (op, span) in operands {
+                match op {
+                    InlineAsmOperand::In { expr, reg: _ }
+                    | InlineAsmOperand::Out { expr: Some(expr), reg: _, late: _ }
+                    | InlineAsmOperand::InOut { expr, reg: _, late: _ } => {
+                        try_visit!(vis.visit_expr(expr))
+                    }
+                    InlineAsmOperand::Out { expr: None, reg: _, late: _ } => {}
+                    InlineAsmOperand::SplitInOut { in_expr, out_expr, reg: _, late: _ } => {
+                        try_visit!(vis.visit_expr(in_expr));
+                        visit_opt!(vis, visit_expr, out_expr);
+                    }
+                    InlineAsmOperand::Const { anon_const } => {
+                        try_visit!(vis.visit_anon_const(anon_const))
+                    }
+                    InlineAsmOperand::Sym { sym } => try_visit!(vis.visit_inline_asm_sym(sym)),
+                    InlineAsmOperand::Label { block } => try_visit!(vis.visit_block(block)),
+                }
+                try_visit!(visit_span(vis, span));
+            }
+            V::Result::output()
+        }
 
-pub fn walk_fn<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, kind: FnKind<'a>) -> V::Result {
-    match kind {
-        FnKind::Fn(
-            _ctxt,
-            _vis,
-            Fn {
-                defaultness: _,
-                ident,
-                sig: FnSig { header, decl, span: _ },
-                generics,
-                contract,
-                body,
-                define_opaque,
-            },
-        ) => {
-            // Visibility is visited as a part of the item.
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_ident(ident));
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_fn_header(header));
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_generics(generics));
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_fn_decl(decl));
-            visit_opt!(visitor, visit_contract, contract);
-            visit_opt!(visitor, visit_block, body);
-            try_visit!(walk_define_opaques(visitor, define_opaque));
-        }
-        FnKind::Closure(binder, coroutine_kind, decl, body) => {
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_closure_binder(binder));
-            visit_opt!(visitor, visit_coroutine_kind, coroutine_kind.as_ref());
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_fn_decl(decl));
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_expr(body));
+        pub fn walk_inline_asm_sym<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(
+            vis: &mut V,
+            InlineAsmSym { id, qself, path }: &$($lt)? $($mut)? InlineAsmSym,
+        ) -> V::Result {
+            try_visit!(visit_id(vis, id));
+            try_visit!(vis.visit_qself(qself));
+            vis.visit_path(path)
+        }
+
+        // FIXME: visit the template exhaustively.
+        pub fn walk_format_args<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(vis: &mut V, fmt: &$($lt)? $($mut)? FormatArgs) -> V::Result {
+            let FormatArgs { span, template: _, arguments, uncooked_fmt_str: _ } = fmt;
+            let args = $(${ignore($mut)} arguments.all_args_mut())? $(${ignore($lt)} arguments.all_args())? ;
+            for FormatArgument { kind, expr } in args {
+                match kind {
+                    FormatArgumentKind::Named(ident) | FormatArgumentKind::Captured(ident) => {
+                        try_visit!(vis.visit_ident(ident))
+                    }
+                    FormatArgumentKind::Normal => {}
+                }
+                try_visit!(vis.visit_expr(expr));
+            }
+            visit_span(vis, span)
         }
-    }
-    V::Result::output()
-}
 
-pub fn walk_variant_data<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, data: &'a VariantData) -> V::Result {
-    visit_opt!(visitor, visit_id, data.ctor_node_id());
-    walk_list!(visitor, visit_field_def, data.fields());
-    V::Result::output()
-}
+        pub fn walk_expr<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(vis: &mut V, expression: &$($lt)? $($mut)? Expr) -> V::Result {
+            let Expr { id, kind, span, attrs, tokens: _ } = expression;
+            try_visit!(visit_id(vis, id));
+            walk_list!(vis, visit_attribute, attrs);
+            match kind {
+                ExprKind::Array(exprs) => {
+                    try_visit!(visit_exprs(vis, exprs));
+                }
+                ExprKind::ConstBlock(anon_const) => try_visit!(vis.visit_anon_const(anon_const)),
+                ExprKind::Repeat(element, count) => {
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_expr(element));
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_anon_const(count));
+                }
+                ExprKind::Struct(se) => {
+                    let StructExpr { qself, path, fields, rest } = &$($mut)?**se;
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_qself(qself));
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_path(path));
+                    visit_expr_fields(vis, fields);
+                    match rest {
+                        StructRest::Base(expr) => try_visit!(vis.visit_expr(expr)),
+                        StructRest::Rest(_span) => {}
+                        StructRest::None => {}
+                    }
+                }
+                ExprKind::Tup(exprs) => {
+                    try_visit!(visit_exprs(vis, exprs));
+                }
+                ExprKind::Call(callee_expression, arguments) => {
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_expr(callee_expression));
+                    try_visit!(visit_exprs(vis, arguments));
+                }
+                ExprKind::MethodCall(box MethodCall { seg, receiver, args, span }) => {
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_method_receiver_expr(receiver));
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_path_segment(seg));
+                    try_visit!(visit_exprs(vis, args));
+                    try_visit!(visit_span(vis, span));
+                }
+                ExprKind::Binary(Spanned { span, node: _ }, left_expression, right_expression) => {
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_expr(left_expression));
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_expr(right_expression));
+                    try_visit!(visit_span(vis, span))
+                }
+                ExprKind::AddrOf(_kind, _mutbl, subexpression) => {
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_expr(subexpression));
+                }
+                ExprKind::Unary(_op, subexpression) => {
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_expr(subexpression));
+                }
+                ExprKind::Cast(subexpression, typ) | ExprKind::Type(subexpression, typ) => {
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_expr(subexpression));
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_ty(typ));
+                }
+                ExprKind::Let(pat, expr, span, _recovered) => {
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_pat(pat));
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_expr(expr));
+                    try_visit!(visit_span(vis, span))
+                }
+                ExprKind::If(head_expression, if_block, optional_else) => {
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_expr(head_expression));
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_block(if_block));
+                    visit_opt!(vis, visit_expr, optional_else);
+                }
+                ExprKind::While(subexpression, block, opt_label) => {
+                    visit_opt!(vis, visit_label, opt_label);
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_expr(subexpression));
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_block(block));
+                }
+                ExprKind::ForLoop { pat, iter, body, label, kind: _ } => {
+                    visit_opt!(vis, visit_label, label);
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_pat(pat));
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_expr(iter));
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_block(body));
+                }
+                ExprKind::Loop(block, opt_label, span) => {
+                    visit_opt!(vis, visit_label, opt_label);
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_block(block));
+                    try_visit!(visit_span(vis, span))
+                }
+                ExprKind::Match(subexpression, arms, _kind) => {
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_expr(subexpression));
+                    try_visit!(visit_arms(vis, arms));
+                }
+                ExprKind::Closure(box Closure {
+                    binder,
+                    capture_clause,
+                    coroutine_kind,
+                    constness,
+                    movability: _,
+                    fn_decl,
+                    body,
+                    fn_decl_span,
+                    fn_arg_span,
+                }) => {
+                    try_visit!(visit_constness(vis, constness));
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_capture_by(capture_clause));
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_fn(
+                        FnKind::Closure(binder, coroutine_kind, fn_decl, body),
+                        *span,
+                        *id
+                    ));
+                    try_visit!(visit_span(vis, fn_decl_span));
+                    try_visit!(visit_span(vis, fn_arg_span));
+                }
+                ExprKind::Block(block, opt_label) => {
+                    visit_opt!(vis, visit_label, opt_label);
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_block(block));
+                }
+                ExprKind::Gen(_capt, body, _kind, decl_span) => {
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_block(body));
+                    try_visit!(visit_span(vis, decl_span));
+                }
+                ExprKind::Await(expr, span) => {
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_expr(expr));
+                    try_visit!(visit_span(vis, span));
+                }
+                ExprKind::Use(expr, span) => {
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_expr(expr));
+                    try_visit!(visit_span(vis, span));
+                }
+                ExprKind::Assign(lhs, rhs, span) => {
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_expr(lhs));
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_expr(rhs));
+                    try_visit!(visit_span(vis, span));
+                }
+                ExprKind::AssignOp(_op, left_expression, right_expression) => {
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_expr(left_expression));
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_expr(right_expression));
+                }
+                ExprKind::Field(subexpression, ident) => {
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_expr(subexpression));
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_ident(ident));
+                }
+                ExprKind::Index(main_expression, index_expression, span) => {
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_expr(main_expression));
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_expr(index_expression));
+                    try_visit!(visit_span(vis, span));
+                }
+                ExprKind::Range(start, end, _limit) => {
+                    visit_opt!(vis, visit_expr, start);
+                    visit_opt!(vis, visit_expr, end);
+                }
+                ExprKind::Underscore => {}
+                ExprKind::Path(maybe_qself, path) => {
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_qself(maybe_qself));
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_path(path));
+                }
+                ExprKind::Break(opt_label, opt_expr) => {
+                    visit_opt!(vis, visit_label, opt_label);
+                    visit_opt!(vis, visit_expr, opt_expr);
+                }
+                ExprKind::Continue(opt_label) => {
+                    visit_opt!(vis, visit_label, opt_label);
+                }
+                ExprKind::Ret(optional_expression) => {
+                    visit_opt!(vis, visit_expr, optional_expression);
+                }
+                ExprKind::Yeet(optional_expression) => {
+                    visit_opt!(vis, visit_expr, optional_expression);
+                }
+                ExprKind::Become(expr) => try_visit!(vis.visit_expr(expr)),
+                ExprKind::MacCall(mac) => try_visit!(vis.visit_mac_call(mac)),
+                ExprKind::Paren(subexpression) => try_visit!(vis.visit_expr(subexpression)),
+                ExprKind::InlineAsm(asm) => try_visit!(vis.visit_inline_asm(asm)),
+                ExprKind::FormatArgs(f) => try_visit!(vis.visit_format_args(f)),
+                ExprKind::OffsetOf(container, fields) => {
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_ty(container));
+                    walk_list!(vis, visit_ident, fields);
+                }
+                ExprKind::Yield(kind) => {
+                    match kind {
+                        YieldKind::Postfix(expr) => {
+                            try_visit!(vis.visit_expr(expr));
+                        }
+                        YieldKind::Prefix(expr) => {
+                            visit_opt!(vis, visit_expr, expr);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                ExprKind::Try(subexpression) => try_visit!(vis.visit_expr(subexpression)),
+                ExprKind::TryBlock(body) => try_visit!(vis.visit_block(body)),
+                ExprKind::Lit(_token) => {}
+                ExprKind::IncludedBytes(_bytes) => {}
+                ExprKind::UnsafeBinderCast(_kind, expr, ty) => {
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_expr(expr));
+                    visit_opt!(vis, visit_ty, ty);
+                }
+                ExprKind::Err(_guar) => {}
+                ExprKind::Dummy => {}
+            }
 
-pub fn walk_field_def<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, field: &'a FieldDef) -> V::Result {
-    let FieldDef { attrs, id: _, span: _, vis, ident, ty, is_placeholder: _, safety: _, default } =
-        field;
-    walk_list!(visitor, visit_attribute, attrs);
-    try_visit!(visitor.visit_vis(vis));
-    visit_opt!(visitor, visit_ident, ident);
-    try_visit!(visitor.visit_ty(ty));
-    visit_opt!(visitor, visit_anon_const, &*default);
-    V::Result::output()
-}
+            visit_span(vis, span)
+        }
 
-pub fn walk_stmt<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, statement: &'a Stmt) -> V::Result {
-    let Stmt { id: _, kind, span: _ } = statement;
-    match kind {
-        StmtKind::Let(local) => try_visit!(visitor.visit_local(local)),
-        StmtKind::Item(item) => try_visit!(visitor.visit_item(item)),
-        StmtKind::Expr(expr) | StmtKind::Semi(expr) => try_visit!(visitor.visit_expr(expr)),
-        StmtKind::Empty => {}
-        StmtKind::MacCall(mac) => {
-            let MacCallStmt { mac, attrs, style: _, tokens: _ } = &**mac;
-            walk_list!(visitor, visit_attribute, attrs);
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_mac_call(mac));
+        pub fn walk_param<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(vis: &mut V, param: &$($lt)? $($mut)? Param) -> V::Result {
+            let Param { attrs, ty, pat, id, span, is_placeholder: _ } = param;
+            try_visit!(visit_id(vis, id));
+            walk_list!(vis, visit_attribute, attrs);
+            try_visit!(vis.visit_pat(pat));
+            try_visit!(vis.visit_ty(ty));
+            visit_span(vis, span)
         }
-    }
-    V::Result::output()
-}
 
-pub fn walk_mac<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, mac: &'a MacCall) -> V::Result {
-    let MacCall { path, args: _ } = mac;
-    visitor.visit_path(path)
-}
+        pub fn walk_arm<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(vis: &mut V, arm: &$($lt)? $($mut)? Arm) -> V::Result {
+            let Arm { attrs, pat, guard, body, span, id, is_placeholder: _ } = arm;
+            try_visit!(visit_id(vis, id));
+            walk_list!(vis, visit_attribute, attrs);
+            try_visit!(vis.visit_pat(pat));
+            visit_opt!(vis, visit_expr, guard);
+            visit_opt!(vis, visit_expr, body);
+            visit_span(vis, span)
+        }
 
-pub fn walk_inline_asm<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, asm: &'a InlineAsm) -> V::Result {
-    let InlineAsm {
-        asm_macro: _,
-        template: _,
-        template_strs: _,
-        operands,
-        clobber_abis: _,
-        options: _,
-        line_spans: _,
-    } = asm;
-    for (op, _span) in operands {
-        match op {
-            InlineAsmOperand::In { expr, reg: _ }
-            | InlineAsmOperand::Out { expr: Some(expr), reg: _, late: _ }
-            | InlineAsmOperand::InOut { expr, reg: _, late: _ } => {
-                try_visit!(visitor.visit_expr(expr))
-            }
-            InlineAsmOperand::Out { expr: None, reg: _, late: _ } => {}
-            InlineAsmOperand::SplitInOut { in_expr, out_expr, reg: _, late: _ } => {
-                try_visit!(visitor.visit_expr(in_expr));
-                visit_opt!(visitor, visit_expr, out_expr);
-            }
-            InlineAsmOperand::Const { anon_const } => {
-                try_visit!(visitor.visit_anon_const(anon_const))
+        pub fn walk_vis<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(vis: &mut V, visibility: &$($lt)? $($mut)? Visibility) -> V::Result {
+            let Visibility { kind, span, tokens: _ } = visibility;
+            match kind {
+                VisibilityKind::Restricted { path, id, shorthand: _ } => {
+                    try_visit!(visit_id(vis, id));
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_path(path));
+                }
+                VisibilityKind::Public | VisibilityKind::Inherited => {}
             }
-            InlineAsmOperand::Sym { sym } => try_visit!(visitor.visit_inline_asm_sym(sym)),
-            InlineAsmOperand::Label { block } => try_visit!(visitor.visit_block(block)),
+            visit_span(vis, span)
         }
-    }
-    V::Result::output()
-}
 
-pub fn walk_inline_asm_sym<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(
-    visitor: &mut V,
-    InlineAsmSym { id, qself, path }: &'a InlineAsmSym,
-) -> V::Result {
-    try_visit!(visitor.visit_qself(qself));
-    try_visit!(visitor.visit_id(*id));
-    visitor.visit_path(path)
-}
-
-pub fn walk_format_args<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, fmt: &'a FormatArgs) -> V::Result {
-    let FormatArgs { span: _, template: _, arguments, uncooked_fmt_str: _ } = fmt;
-    for FormatArgument { kind, expr } in arguments.all_args() {
-        match kind {
-            FormatArgumentKind::Named(ident) | FormatArgumentKind::Captured(ident) => {
-                try_visit!(visitor.visit_ident(ident))
+        pub fn walk_attribute<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(vis: &mut V, attr: &$($lt)? $($mut)? Attribute) -> V::Result {
+            let Attribute { kind, id: _, style: _, span } = attr;
+            match kind {
+                AttrKind::Normal(normal) => {
+                    let NormalAttr { item, tokens: _ } = &$($mut)?**normal;
+                    let AttrItem { unsafety: _, path, args, tokens: _ } = item;
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_path(path));
+                    try_visit!(walk_attr_args(vis, args));
+                }
+                AttrKind::DocComment(_kind, _sym) => {}
             }
-            FormatArgumentKind::Normal => {}
+            visit_span(vis, span)
         }
-        try_visit!(visitor.visit_expr(expr));
-    }
-    V::Result::output()
-}
 
-pub fn walk_expr<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, expression: &'a Expr) -> V::Result {
-    let Expr { id, kind, span, attrs, tokens: _ } = expression;
-    walk_list!(visitor, visit_attribute, attrs);
-    match kind {
-        ExprKind::Array(subexpressions) => {
-            walk_list!(visitor, visit_expr, subexpressions);
-        }
-        ExprKind::ConstBlock(anon_const) => try_visit!(visitor.visit_anon_const(anon_const)),
-        ExprKind::Repeat(element, count) => {
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_expr(element));
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_anon_const(count));
-        }
-        ExprKind::Struct(se) => {
-            let StructExpr { qself, path, fields, rest } = &**se;
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_qself(qself));
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_id(*id));
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_path(path));
-            walk_list!(visitor, visit_expr_field, fields);
-            match rest {
-                StructRest::Base(expr) => try_visit!(visitor.visit_expr(expr)),
-                StructRest::Rest(_span) => {}
-                StructRest::None => {}
+        pub fn walk_attr_args<$($lt,)? V: $Visitor$(<$lt>)?>(vis: &mut V, args: &$($lt)? $($mut)? AttrArgs) -> V::Result {
+            match args {
+                AttrArgs::Empty => {}
+                AttrArgs::Delimited(args) => try_visit!(visit_delim_args(vis, args)),
+                AttrArgs::Eq { eq_span, expr } => {
+                    try_visit!(vis.visit_expr(expr));
+                    try_visit!(visit_span(vis, eq_span));
+                }
             }
+            V::Result::output()
         }
-        ExprKind::Tup(subexpressions) => {
-            walk_list!(visitor, visit_expr, subexpressions);
-        }
-        ExprKind::Call(callee_expression, arguments) => {
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_expr(callee_expression));
-            walk_list!(visitor, visit_expr, arguments);
-        }
-        ExprKind::MethodCall(box MethodCall { seg, receiver, args, span: _ }) => {
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_expr(receiver));
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_path_segment(seg));
-            walk_list!(visitor, visit_expr, args);
-        }
-        ExprKind::Binary(_op, left_expression, right_expression) => {
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_expr(left_expression));
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_expr(right_expression));
-        }
-        ExprKind::AddrOf(_kind, _mutbl, subexpression) => {
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_expr(subexpression));
-        }
-        ExprKind::Unary(_op, subexpression) => {
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_expr(subexpression));
-        }
-        ExprKind::Cast(subexpression, typ) | ExprKind::Type(subexpression, typ) => {
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_expr(subexpression));
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_ty(typ));
-        }
-        ExprKind::Let(pat, expr, _span, _recovered) => {
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_pat(pat));
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_expr(expr));
-        }
-        ExprKind::If(head_expression, if_block, optional_else) => {
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_expr(head_expression));
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_block(if_block));
-            visit_opt!(visitor, visit_expr, optional_else);
-        }
-        ExprKind::While(subexpression, block, opt_label) => {
-            visit_opt!(visitor, visit_label, opt_label);
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_expr(subexpression));
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_block(block));
-        }
-        ExprKind::ForLoop { pat, iter, body, label, kind: _ } => {
-            visit_opt!(visitor, visit_label, label);
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_pat(pat));
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_expr(iter));
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_block(body));
-        }
-        ExprKind::Loop(block, opt_label, _span) => {
-            visit_opt!(visitor, visit_label, opt_label);
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_block(block));
-        }
-        ExprKind::Match(subexpression, arms, _kind) => {
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_expr(subexpression));
-            walk_list!(visitor, visit_arm, arms);
-        }
-        ExprKind::Closure(box Closure {
-            binder,
-            capture_clause,
-            coroutine_kind,
-            constness: _,
-            movability: _,
-            fn_decl,
-            body,
-            fn_decl_span: _,
-            fn_arg_span: _,
-        }) => {
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_capture_by(capture_clause));
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_fn(
-                FnKind::Closure(binder, coroutine_kind, fn_decl, body),
-                *span,
-                *id
-            ));
-        }
-        ExprKind::Block(block, opt_label) => {
-            visit_opt!(visitor, visit_label, opt_label);
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_block(block));
-        }
-        ExprKind::Gen(_capt, body, _kind, _decl_span) => try_visit!(visitor.visit_block(body)),
-        ExprKind::Await(expr, _span) => try_visit!(visitor.visit_expr(expr)),
-        ExprKind::Use(expr, _span) => try_visit!(visitor.visit_expr(expr)),
-        ExprKind::Assign(lhs, rhs, _span) => {
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_expr(lhs));
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_expr(rhs));
-        }
-        ExprKind::AssignOp(_op, left_expression, right_expression) => {
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_expr(left_expression));
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_expr(right_expression));
-        }
-        ExprKind::Field(subexpression, ident) => {
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_expr(subexpression));
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_ident(ident));
-        }
-        ExprKind::Index(main_expression, index_expression, _span) => {
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_expr(main_expression));
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_expr(index_expression));
-        }
-        ExprKind::Range(start, end, _limit) => {
-            visit_opt!(visitor, visit_expr, start);
-            visit_opt!(visitor, visit_expr, end);
-        }
-        ExprKind::Underscore => {}
-        ExprKind::Path(maybe_qself, path) => {
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_qself(maybe_qself));
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_id(*id));
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_path(path));
-        }
-        ExprKind::Break(opt_label, opt_expr) => {
-            visit_opt!(visitor, visit_label, opt_label);
-            visit_opt!(visitor, visit_expr, opt_expr);
-        }
-        ExprKind::Continue(opt_label) => {
-            visit_opt!(visitor, visit_label, opt_label);
-        }
-        ExprKind::Ret(optional_expression) => {
-            visit_opt!(visitor, visit_expr, optional_expression);
-        }
-        ExprKind::Yeet(optional_expression) => {
-            visit_opt!(visitor, visit_expr, optional_expression);
-        }
-        ExprKind::Become(expr) => try_visit!(visitor.visit_expr(expr)),
-        ExprKind::MacCall(mac) => try_visit!(visitor.visit_mac_call(mac)),
-        ExprKind::Paren(subexpression) => try_visit!(visitor.visit_expr(subexpression)),
-        ExprKind::InlineAsm(asm) => try_visit!(visitor.visit_inline_asm(asm)),
-        ExprKind::FormatArgs(f) => try_visit!(visitor.visit_format_args(f)),
-        ExprKind::OffsetOf(container, fields) => {
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_ty(container));
-            walk_list!(visitor, visit_ident, fields.iter());
-        }
-        ExprKind::Yield(kind) => {
-            visit_opt!(visitor, visit_expr, kind.expr());
-        }
-        ExprKind::Try(subexpression) => try_visit!(visitor.visit_expr(subexpression)),
-        ExprKind::TryBlock(body) => try_visit!(visitor.visit_block(body)),
-        ExprKind::Lit(_token) => {}
-        ExprKind::IncludedBytes(_bytes) => {}
-        ExprKind::UnsafeBinderCast(_kind, expr, ty) => {
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_expr(expr));
-            visit_opt!(visitor, visit_ty, ty);
-        }
-        ExprKind::Err(_guar) => {}
-        ExprKind::Dummy => {}
-    }
-
-    V::Result::output()
+    };
 }
 
-pub fn walk_param<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, param: &'a Param) -> V::Result {
-    let Param { attrs, ty, pat, id: _, span: _, is_placeholder: _ } = param;
-    walk_list!(visitor, visit_attribute, attrs);
-    try_visit!(visitor.visit_pat(pat));
-    try_visit!(visitor.visit_ty(ty));
-    V::Result::output()
+common_visitor_and_walkers!(Visitor<'a>);
+
+macro_rules! generate_list_visit_fns {
+    ($($name:ident, $Ty:ty, $visit_fn:ident$(, $param:ident: $ParamTy:ty)*;)+) => {
+        $(
+            fn $name<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(
+                vis: &mut V,
+                values: &'a ThinVec<$Ty>,
+                $(
+                    $param: $ParamTy,
+                )*
+            ) -> V::Result {
+                walk_list!(vis, $visit_fn, values$(,$param)*);
+                V::Result::output()
+            }
+        )+
+    }
 }
 
-pub fn walk_arm<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, arm: &'a Arm) -> V::Result {
-    let Arm { attrs, pat, guard, body, span: _, id: _, is_placeholder: _ } = arm;
-    walk_list!(visitor, visit_attribute, attrs);
-    try_visit!(visitor.visit_pat(pat));
-    visit_opt!(visitor, visit_expr, guard);
-    visit_opt!(visitor, visit_expr, body);
-    V::Result::output()
+generate_list_visit_fns! {
+    visit_items, P<Item>, visit_item;
+    visit_foreign_items, P<ForeignItem>, visit_foreign_item;
+    visit_generic_params, GenericParam, visit_generic_param;
+    visit_stmts, Stmt, visit_stmt;
+    visit_exprs, P<Expr>, visit_expr;
+    visit_expr_fields, ExprField, visit_expr_field;
+    visit_pat_fields, PatField, visit_pat_field;
+    visit_variants, Variant, visit_variant;
+    visit_assoc_items, P<AssocItem>, visit_assoc_item, ctxt: AssocCtxt;
+    visit_where_predicates, WherePredicate, visit_where_predicate;
+    visit_params, Param, visit_param;
+    visit_field_defs, FieldDef, visit_field_def;
+    visit_arms, Arm, visit_arm;
 }
 
-pub fn walk_vis<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, vis: &'a Visibility) -> V::Result {
-    let Visibility { kind, span: _, tokens: _ } = vis;
-    match kind {
-        VisibilityKind::Restricted { path, id, shorthand: _ } => {
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_id(*id));
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_path(path));
-        }
-        VisibilityKind::Public | VisibilityKind::Inherited => {}
-    }
-    V::Result::output()
+#[expect(rustc::pass_by_value)] // needed for symmetry with mut_visit
+fn visit_nested_use_tree<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(
+    vis: &mut V,
+    nested_tree: &'a UseTree,
+    &nested_id: &NodeId,
+) -> V::Result {
+    vis.visit_nested_use_tree(nested_tree, nested_id)
 }
 
-pub fn walk_attribute<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, attr: &'a Attribute) -> V::Result {
-    let Attribute { kind, id: _, style: _, span: _ } = attr;
+pub fn walk_stmt<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, statement: &'a Stmt) -> V::Result {
+    let Stmt { id: _, kind, span: _ } = statement;
     match kind {
-        AttrKind::Normal(normal) => {
-            let NormalAttr { item, tokens: _ } = &**normal;
-            let AttrItem { unsafety: _, path, args, tokens: _ } = item;
-            try_visit!(visitor.visit_path(path));
-            try_visit!(walk_attr_args(visitor, args));
+        StmtKind::Let(local) => try_visit!(visitor.visit_local(local)),
+        StmtKind::Item(item) => try_visit!(visitor.visit_item(item)),
+        StmtKind::Expr(expr) | StmtKind::Semi(expr) => try_visit!(visitor.visit_expr(expr)),
+        StmtKind::Empty => {}
+        StmtKind::MacCall(mac) => {
+            let MacCallStmt { mac, attrs, style: _, tokens: _ } = &**mac;
+            walk_list!(visitor, visit_attribute, attrs);
+            try_visit!(visitor.visit_mac_call(mac));
         }
-        AttrKind::DocComment(_kind, _sym) => {}
-    }
-    V::Result::output()
-}
-
-pub fn walk_attr_args<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, args: &'a AttrArgs) -> V::Result {
-    match args {
-        AttrArgs::Empty => {}
-        AttrArgs::Delimited(_args) => {}
-        AttrArgs::Eq { expr, .. } => try_visit!(visitor.visit_expr(expr)),
     }
     V::Result::output()
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/expr.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/expr.rs
index 537d4a2a6af..718edad0cc6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/expr.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/expr.rs
@@ -73,16 +73,15 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                     // Merge attributes into the inner expression.
                     if !e.attrs.is_empty() {
                         let old_attrs = self.attrs.get(&ex.hir_id.local_id).copied().unwrap_or(&[]);
-                        let attrs = &*self.arena.alloc_from_iter(
-                            self.lower_attrs_vec(&e.attrs, e.span)
-                                .into_iter()
-                                .chain(old_attrs.iter().cloned()),
-                        );
-                        if attrs.is_empty() {
+                        let new_attrs = self
+                            .lower_attrs_vec(&e.attrs, e.span, ex.hir_id)
+                            .into_iter()
+                            .chain(old_attrs.iter().cloned());
+                        let new_attrs = &*self.arena.alloc_from_iter(new_attrs);
+                        if new_attrs.is_empty() {
                             return ex;
                         }
-
-                        self.attrs.insert(ex.hir_id.local_id, attrs);
+                        self.attrs.insert(ex.hir_id.local_id, new_attrs);
                     }
                     return ex;
                 }
@@ -2035,7 +2034,7 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                 let ret_expr = self.checked_return(Some(from_residual_expr));
                 self.arena.alloc(self.expr(try_span, ret_expr))
             };
-            self.lower_attrs(ret_expr.hir_id, &attrs, ret_expr.span);
+            self.lower_attrs(ret_expr.hir_id, &attrs, span);
 
             let break_pat = self.pat_cf_break(try_span, residual_local);
             self.arm(break_pat, ret_expr)
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/item.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/item.rs
index d1a2ddbdb34..e2d291a536d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/item.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/item.rs
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> ItemLowerer<'a, 'hir> {
 
         for (def_id, info) in lctx.children {
             let owner = self.owners.ensure_contains_elem(def_id, || hir::MaybeOwner::Phantom);
-            debug_assert!(
+            assert!(
                 matches!(owner, hir::MaybeOwner::Phantom),
                 "duplicate copy of {def_id:?} in lctx.children"
             );
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> ItemLowerer<'a, 'hir> {
             match node {
                 AstOwner::NonOwner => {}
                 AstOwner::Crate(c) => {
-                    debug_assert_eq!(self.resolver.node_id_to_def_id[&CRATE_NODE_ID], CRATE_DEF_ID);
+                    assert_eq!(self.resolver.node_id_to_def_id[&CRATE_NODE_ID], CRATE_DEF_ID);
                     self.with_lctx(CRATE_NODE_ID, |lctx| {
                         let module = lctx.lower_mod(&c.items, &c.spans);
                         // FIXME(jdonszelman): is dummy span ever a problem here?
@@ -1160,7 +1160,7 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
     ) -> hir::BodyId {
         let body = hir::Body { params, value: self.arena.alloc(value) };
         let id = body.id();
-        debug_assert_eq!(id.hir_id.owner, self.current_hir_id_owner);
+        assert_eq!(id.hir_id.owner, self.current_hir_id_owner);
         self.bodies.push((id.hir_id.local_id, self.arena.alloc(body)));
         id
     }
@@ -1673,8 +1673,8 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
         itctx: ImplTraitContext,
         f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> T,
     ) -> (&'hir hir::Generics<'hir>, T) {
-        debug_assert!(self.impl_trait_defs.is_empty());
-        debug_assert!(self.impl_trait_bounds.is_empty());
+        assert!(self.impl_trait_defs.is_empty());
+        assert!(self.impl_trait_bounds.is_empty());
 
         // Error if `?Trait` bounds in where clauses don't refer directly to type parameters.
         // Note: we used to clone these bounds directly onto the type parameter (and avoid lowering
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/lib.rs
index b99df8bd7e5..3b99a653417 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/lib.rs
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ use rustc_data_structures::tagged_ptr::TaggedRef;
 use rustc_errors::{DiagArgFromDisplay, DiagCtxtHandle, StashKey};
 use rustc_hir::def::{DefKind, LifetimeRes, Namespace, PartialRes, PerNS, Res};
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{CRATE_DEF_ID, LOCAL_CRATE, LocalDefId};
+use rustc_hir::lints::DelayedLint;
 use rustc_hir::{
     self as hir, AngleBrackets, ConstArg, GenericArg, HirId, ItemLocalMap, LangItem,
     LifetimeSource, LifetimeSyntax, ParamName, TraitCandidate,
@@ -141,6 +142,8 @@ struct LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
     allow_for_await: Arc<[Symbol]>,
     allow_async_fn_traits: Arc<[Symbol]>,
 
+    delayed_lints: Vec<DelayedLint>,
+
     attribute_parser: AttributeParser<'hir>,
 }
 
@@ -190,6 +193,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
             allow_async_iterator: [sym::gen_future, sym::async_iterator].into(),
 
             attribute_parser: AttributeParser::new(tcx.sess, tcx.features(), registered_tools),
+            delayed_lints: Vec::new(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -198,6 +202,22 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
     }
 }
 
+struct SpanLowerer {
+    is_incremental: bool,
+    def_id: LocalDefId,
+}
+
+impl SpanLowerer {
+    fn lower(&self, span: Span) -> Span {
+        if self.is_incremental {
+            span.with_parent(Some(self.def_id))
+        } else {
+            // Do not make spans relative when not using incremental compilation.
+            span
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[extension(trait ResolverAstLoweringExt)]
 impl ResolverAstLowering {
     fn legacy_const_generic_args(&self, expr: &Expr) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
@@ -503,7 +523,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
         span: Span,
     ) -> LocalDefId {
         let parent = self.current_hir_id_owner.def_id;
-        debug_assert_ne!(node_id, ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID);
+        assert_ne!(node_id, ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID);
         assert!(
             self.opt_local_def_id(node_id).is_none(),
             "adding a def'n for node-id {:?} and def kind {:?} but a previous def'n exists: {:?}",
@@ -573,6 +593,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
             std::mem::replace(&mut self.item_local_id_counter, hir::ItemLocalId::new(1));
         let current_impl_trait_defs = std::mem::take(&mut self.impl_trait_defs);
         let current_impl_trait_bounds = std::mem::take(&mut self.impl_trait_bounds);
+        let current_delayed_lints = std::mem::take(&mut self.delayed_lints);
 
         // Do not reset `next_node_id` and `node_id_to_def_id`:
         // we want `f` to be able to refer to the `LocalDefId`s that the caller created.
@@ -586,10 +607,10 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
         }
 
         let item = f(self);
-        debug_assert_eq!(owner_id, item.def_id());
+        assert_eq!(owner_id, item.def_id());
         // `f` should have consumed all the elements in these vectors when constructing `item`.
-        debug_assert!(self.impl_trait_defs.is_empty());
-        debug_assert!(self.impl_trait_bounds.is_empty());
+        assert!(self.impl_trait_defs.is_empty());
+        assert!(self.impl_trait_bounds.is_empty());
         let info = self.make_owner_info(item);
 
         self.attrs = current_attrs;
@@ -606,6 +627,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
         self.item_local_id_counter = current_local_counter;
         self.impl_trait_defs = current_impl_trait_defs;
         self.impl_trait_bounds = current_impl_trait_bounds;
+        self.delayed_lints = current_delayed_lints;
 
         debug_assert!(!self.children.iter().any(|(id, _)| id == &owner_id.def_id));
         self.children.push((owner_id.def_id, hir::MaybeOwner::Owner(info)));
@@ -616,6 +638,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
         let mut bodies = std::mem::take(&mut self.bodies);
         let define_opaque = std::mem::take(&mut self.define_opaque);
         let trait_map = std::mem::take(&mut self.trait_map);
+        let delayed_lints = std::mem::take(&mut self.delayed_lints).into_boxed_slice();
 
         #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
         for (id, attrs) in attrs.iter() {
@@ -629,14 +652,16 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
         let bodies = SortedMap::from_presorted_elements(bodies);
 
         // Don't hash unless necessary, because it's expensive.
-        let (opt_hash_including_bodies, attrs_hash) =
-            self.tcx.hash_owner_nodes(node, &bodies, &attrs, define_opaque);
+        let (opt_hash_including_bodies, attrs_hash, delayed_lints_hash) =
+            self.tcx.hash_owner_nodes(node, &bodies, &attrs, &delayed_lints, define_opaque);
         let num_nodes = self.item_local_id_counter.as_usize();
         let (nodes, parenting) = index::index_hir(self.tcx, node, &bodies, num_nodes);
         let nodes = hir::OwnerNodes { opt_hash_including_bodies, nodes, bodies };
         let attrs = hir::AttributeMap { map: attrs, opt_hash: attrs_hash, define_opaque };
+        let delayed_lints =
+            hir::lints::DelayedLints { lints: delayed_lints, opt_hash: delayed_lints_hash };
 
-        self.arena.alloc(hir::OwnerInfo { nodes, parenting, attrs, trait_map })
+        self.arena.alloc(hir::OwnerInfo { nodes, parenting, attrs, trait_map, delayed_lints })
     }
 
     /// This method allocates a new `HirId` for the given `NodeId`.
@@ -759,15 +784,17 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
         })
     }
 
+    fn span_lowerer(&self) -> SpanLowerer {
+        SpanLowerer {
+            is_incremental: self.tcx.sess.opts.incremental.is_some(),
+            def_id: self.current_hir_id_owner.def_id,
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Intercept all spans entering HIR.
     /// Mark a span as relative to the current owning item.
     fn lower_span(&self, span: Span) -> Span {
-        if self.tcx.sess.opts.incremental.is_some() {
-            span.with_parent(Some(self.current_hir_id_owner.def_id))
-        } else {
-            // Do not make spans relative when not using incremental compilation.
-            span
-        }
+        self.span_lowerer().lower(span)
     }
 
     fn lower_ident(&self, ident: Ident) -> Ident {
@@ -889,9 +916,9 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
         if attrs.is_empty() {
             &[]
         } else {
-            let lowered_attrs = self.lower_attrs_vec(attrs, self.lower_span(target_span));
+            let lowered_attrs = self.lower_attrs_vec(attrs, self.lower_span(target_span), id);
 
-            debug_assert_eq!(id.owner, self.current_hir_id_owner);
+            assert_eq!(id.owner, self.current_hir_id_owner);
             let ret = self.arena.alloc_from_iter(lowered_attrs);
 
             // this is possible if an item contained syntactical attribute,
@@ -909,16 +936,30 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
         }
     }
 
-    fn lower_attrs_vec(&self, attrs: &[Attribute], target_span: Span) -> Vec<hir::Attribute> {
-        self.attribute_parser
-            .parse_attribute_list(attrs, target_span, OmitDoc::Lower, |s| self.lower_span(s))
+    fn lower_attrs_vec(
+        &mut self,
+        attrs: &[Attribute],
+        target_span: Span,
+        target_hir_id: HirId,
+    ) -> Vec<hir::Attribute> {
+        let l = self.span_lowerer();
+        self.attribute_parser.parse_attribute_list(
+            attrs,
+            target_span,
+            target_hir_id,
+            OmitDoc::Lower,
+            |s| l.lower(s),
+            |l| {
+                self.delayed_lints.push(DelayedLint::AttributeParsing(l));
+            },
+        )
     }
 
     fn alias_attrs(&mut self, id: HirId, target_id: HirId) {
-        debug_assert_eq!(id.owner, self.current_hir_id_owner);
-        debug_assert_eq!(target_id.owner, self.current_hir_id_owner);
+        assert_eq!(id.owner, self.current_hir_id_owner);
+        assert_eq!(target_id.owner, self.current_hir_id_owner);
         if let Some(&a) = self.attrs.get(&target_id.local_id) {
-            debug_assert!(!a.is_empty());
+            assert!(!a.is_empty());
             self.attrs.insert(id.local_id, a);
         }
     }
@@ -1397,7 +1438,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                 let id = if let Some(LifetimeRes::ElidedAnchor { start, end }) =
                     self.resolver.get_lifetime_res(t.id)
                 {
-                    debug_assert_eq!(start.plus(1), end);
+                    assert_eq!(start.plus(1), end);
                     start
                 } else {
                     self.next_node_id()
@@ -1805,16 +1846,16 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
         let res = match res {
             LifetimeRes::Param { param, .. } => hir::LifetimeKind::Param(param),
             LifetimeRes::Fresh { param, .. } => {
-                debug_assert_eq!(ident.name, kw::UnderscoreLifetime);
+                assert_eq!(ident.name, kw::UnderscoreLifetime);
                 let param = self.local_def_id(param);
                 hir::LifetimeKind::Param(param)
             }
             LifetimeRes::Infer => {
-                debug_assert_eq!(ident.name, kw::UnderscoreLifetime);
+                assert_eq!(ident.name, kw::UnderscoreLifetime);
                 hir::LifetimeKind::Infer
             }
             LifetimeRes::Static { .. } => {
-                debug_assert!(matches!(ident.name, kw::StaticLifetime | kw::UnderscoreLifetime));
+                assert!(matches!(ident.name, kw::StaticLifetime | kw::UnderscoreLifetime));
                 hir::LifetimeKind::Static
             }
             LifetimeRes::Error => hir::LifetimeKind::Error,
@@ -2106,7 +2147,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                 ty_id,
                 &None,
                 path,
-                ParamMode::Optional,
+                ParamMode::Explicit,
                 AllowReturnTypeNotation::No,
                 // FIXME(mgca): update for `fn foo() -> Bar<FOO<impl Trait>>` support
                 ImplTraitContext::Disallowed(ImplTraitPosition::Path),
@@ -2178,7 +2219,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                 expr.id,
                 qself,
                 path,
-                ParamMode::Optional,
+                ParamMode::Explicit,
                 AllowReturnTypeNotation::No,
                 // FIXME(mgca): update for `fn foo() -> Bar<FOO<impl Trait>>` support
                 ImplTraitContext::Disallowed(ImplTraitPosition::Path),
@@ -2244,7 +2285,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
     ) -> hir::Stmt<'hir> {
         let hir_id = self.next_id();
         if let Some(a) = attrs {
-            debug_assert!(!a.is_empty());
+            assert!(!a.is_empty());
             self.attrs.insert(hir_id.local_id, a);
         }
         let local = hir::LetStmt {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/stability.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/stability.rs
index eb052ba1c6d..b8fa2dd3dd6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/stability.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/stability.rs
@@ -134,5 +134,8 @@ pub fn extern_abi_stability(abi: ExternAbi) -> Result<(), UnstableAbi> {
             feature: sym::cmse_nonsecure_entry,
             explain: GateReason::Experimental,
         }),
+        ExternAbi::Custom => {
+            Err(UnstableAbi { abi, feature: sym::abi_custom, explain: GateReason::Experimental })
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/messages.ftl
index 80754a8f65a..9a267501230 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/messages.ftl
@@ -1,3 +1,20 @@
+ast_passes_abi_custom_coroutine =
+    functions with the `"custom"` ABI cannot be `{$coroutine_kind_str}`
+    .suggestion = remove the `{$coroutine_kind_str}` keyword from this definiton
+
+ast_passes_abi_custom_invalid_signature =
+    invalid signature for `extern "custom"` function
+    .note = functions with the `"custom"` ABI cannot have any parameters or return type
+    .suggestion = remove the parameters and return type
+
+ast_passes_abi_custom_safe_foreign_function =
+    foreign functions with the `"custom"` ABI cannot be safe
+    .suggestion = remove the `safe` keyword from this definition
+
+ast_passes_abi_custom_safe_function =
+    functions with the `"custom"` ABI must be unsafe
+    .suggestion = add the `unsafe` keyword to this definition
+
 ast_passes_assoc_const_without_body =
     associated constant in `impl` without body
     .suggestion = provide a definition for the constant
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/ast_validation.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/ast_validation.rs
index d6fe04d2994..018887d0e8e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/ast_validation.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/ast_validation.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 use std::mem;
 use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
+use std::str::FromStr;
 
 use itertools::{Either, Itertools};
 use rustc_abi::ExternAbi;
@@ -81,6 +82,7 @@ struct AstValidator<'a> {
 
     /// Used to ban explicit safety on foreign items when the extern block is not marked as unsafe.
     extern_mod_safety: Option<Safety>,
+    extern_mod_abi: Option<ExternAbi>,
 
     lint_node_id: NodeId,
 
@@ -121,10 +123,17 @@ impl<'a> AstValidator<'a> {
         self.outer_trait_or_trait_impl = old;
     }
 
-    fn with_in_extern_mod(&mut self, extern_mod_safety: Safety, f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self)) {
-        let old = mem::replace(&mut self.extern_mod_safety, Some(extern_mod_safety));
+    fn with_in_extern_mod(
+        &mut self,
+        extern_mod_safety: Safety,
+        abi: Option<ExternAbi>,
+        f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self),
+    ) {
+        let old_safety = mem::replace(&mut self.extern_mod_safety, Some(extern_mod_safety));
+        let old_abi = mem::replace(&mut self.extern_mod_abi, abi);
         f(self);
-        self.extern_mod_safety = old;
+        self.extern_mod_safety = old_safety;
+        self.extern_mod_abi = old_abi;
     }
 
     fn with_tilde_const(
@@ -370,6 +379,65 @@ impl<'a> AstValidator<'a> {
         }
     }
 
+    /// An `extern "custom"` function must be unsafe, and must not have any parameters or return
+    /// type.
+    fn check_custom_abi(&self, ctxt: FnCtxt, ident: &Ident, sig: &FnSig) {
+        let dcx = self.dcx();
+
+        // An `extern "custom"` function must be unsafe.
+        match sig.header.safety {
+            Safety::Unsafe(_) => { /* all good */ }
+            Safety::Safe(safe_span) => {
+                let safe_span =
+                    self.sess.psess.source_map().span_until_non_whitespace(safe_span.to(sig.span));
+                dcx.emit_err(errors::AbiCustomSafeForeignFunction { span: sig.span, safe_span });
+            }
+            Safety::Default => match ctxt {
+                FnCtxt::Foreign => { /* all good */ }
+                FnCtxt::Free | FnCtxt::Assoc(_) => {
+                    self.dcx().emit_err(errors::AbiCustomSafeFunction {
+                        span: sig.span,
+                        unsafe_span: sig.span.shrink_to_lo(),
+                    });
+                }
+            },
+        }
+
+        // An `extern "custom"` function cannot be `async` and/or `gen`.
+        if let Some(coroutine_kind) = sig.header.coroutine_kind {
+            let coroutine_kind_span = self
+                .sess
+                .psess
+                .source_map()
+                .span_until_non_whitespace(coroutine_kind.span().to(sig.span));
+
+            self.dcx().emit_err(errors::AbiCustomCoroutine {
+                span: sig.span,
+                coroutine_kind_span,
+                coroutine_kind_str: coroutine_kind.as_str(),
+            });
+        }
+
+        // An `extern "custom"` function must not have any parameters or return type.
+        let mut spans: Vec<_> = sig.decl.inputs.iter().map(|p| p.span).collect();
+        if let FnRetTy::Ty(ref ret_ty) = sig.decl.output {
+            spans.push(ret_ty.span);
+        }
+
+        if !spans.is_empty() {
+            let header_span = sig.header.span().unwrap_or(sig.span.shrink_to_lo());
+            let suggestion_span = header_span.shrink_to_hi().to(sig.decl.output.span());
+            let padding = if header_span.is_empty() { "" } else { " " };
+
+            self.dcx().emit_err(errors::AbiCustomInvalidSignature {
+                spans,
+                symbol: ident.name,
+                suggestion_span,
+                padding,
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
     /// This ensures that items can only be `unsafe` (or unmarked) outside of extern
     /// blocks.
     ///
@@ -1005,7 +1073,9 @@ impl<'a> Visitor<'a> for AstValidator<'a> {
                 if abi.is_none() {
                     self.handle_missing_abi(*extern_span, item.id);
                 }
-                self.with_in_extern_mod(*safety, |this| {
+
+                let extern_abi = abi.and_then(|abi| ExternAbi::from_str(abi.symbol.as_str()).ok());
+                self.with_in_extern_mod(*safety, extern_abi, |this| {
                     visit::walk_item(this, item);
                 });
                 self.extern_mod_span = old_item;
@@ -1145,6 +1215,9 @@ impl<'a> Visitor<'a> for AstValidator<'a> {
                 self.check_foreign_fn_bodyless(*ident, body.as_deref());
                 self.check_foreign_fn_headerless(sig.header);
                 self.check_foreign_item_ascii_only(*ident);
+                if self.extern_mod_abi == Some(ExternAbi::Custom) {
+                    self.check_custom_abi(FnCtxt::Foreign, ident, sig);
+                }
             }
             ForeignItemKind::TyAlias(box TyAlias {
                 defaultness,
@@ -1352,6 +1425,13 @@ impl<'a> Visitor<'a> for AstValidator<'a> {
             self.check_item_safety(span, safety);
         }
 
+        if let FnKind::Fn(ctxt, _, fun) = fk
+            && let Extern::Explicit(str_lit, _) = fun.sig.header.ext
+            && let Ok(ExternAbi::Custom) = ExternAbi::from_str(str_lit.symbol.as_str())
+        {
+            self.check_custom_abi(ctxt, &fun.ident, &fun.sig);
+        }
+
         self.check_c_variadic_type(fk);
 
         // Functions cannot both be `const async` or `const gen`
@@ -1703,6 +1783,7 @@ pub fn check_crate(
         outer_impl_trait_span: None,
         disallow_tilde_const: Some(TildeConstReason::Item),
         extern_mod_safety: None,
+        extern_mod_abi: None,
         lint_node_id: CRATE_NODE_ID,
         is_sdylib_interface,
         lint_buffer: lints,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/errors.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/errors.rs
index 6f9737e0831..c437e62f4d3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/errors.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/errors.rs
@@ -824,3 +824,67 @@ pub(crate) struct MissingAbi {
     #[suggestion(code = "extern \"<abi>\"", applicability = "has-placeholders")]
     pub span: Span,
 }
+
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(ast_passes_abi_custom_safe_foreign_function)]
+pub(crate) struct AbiCustomSafeForeignFunction {
+    #[primary_span]
+    pub span: Span,
+
+    #[suggestion(
+        ast_passes_suggestion,
+        applicability = "maybe-incorrect",
+        code = "",
+        style = "verbose"
+    )]
+    pub safe_span: Span,
+}
+
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(ast_passes_abi_custom_safe_function)]
+pub(crate) struct AbiCustomSafeFunction {
+    #[primary_span]
+    pub span: Span,
+
+    #[suggestion(
+        ast_passes_suggestion,
+        applicability = "maybe-incorrect",
+        code = "unsafe ",
+        style = "verbose"
+    )]
+    pub unsafe_span: Span,
+}
+
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(ast_passes_abi_custom_coroutine)]
+pub(crate) struct AbiCustomCoroutine {
+    #[primary_span]
+    pub span: Span,
+
+    #[suggestion(
+        ast_passes_suggestion,
+        applicability = "maybe-incorrect",
+        code = "",
+        style = "verbose"
+    )]
+    pub coroutine_kind_span: Span,
+    pub coroutine_kind_str: &'static str,
+}
+
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(ast_passes_abi_custom_invalid_signature)]
+#[note]
+pub(crate) struct AbiCustomInvalidSignature {
+    #[primary_span]
+    pub spans: Vec<Span>,
+
+    #[suggestion(
+        ast_passes_suggestion,
+        applicability = "maybe-incorrect",
+        code = "{padding}fn {symbol}()",
+        style = "verbose"
+    )]
+    pub suggestion_span: Span,
+    pub symbol: Symbol,
+    pub padding: &'static str,
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/feature_gate.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/feature_gate.rs
index 3682d25d341..1ec56868f37 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/feature_gate.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/feature_gate.rs
@@ -36,6 +36,16 @@ macro_rules! gate_alt {
             feature_err(&$visitor.sess, $name, $span, $explain).emit();
         }
     }};
+    ($visitor:expr, $has_feature:expr, $name:expr, $span:expr, $explain:expr, $notes: expr) => {{
+        if !$has_feature && !$span.allows_unstable($name) {
+            #[allow(rustc::untranslatable_diagnostic)] // FIXME: make this translatable
+            let mut diag = feature_err(&$visitor.sess, $name, $span, $explain);
+            for note in $notes {
+                diag.note(*note);
+            }
+            diag.emit();
+        }
+    }};
 }
 
 /// The case involving a multispan.
@@ -154,11 +164,11 @@ impl<'a> Visitor<'a> for PostExpansionVisitor<'a> {
         let attr_info = attr.ident().and_then(|ident| BUILTIN_ATTRIBUTE_MAP.get(&ident.name));
         // Check feature gates for built-in attributes.
         if let Some(BuiltinAttribute {
-            gate: AttributeGate::Gated(_, name, descr, has_feature),
+            gate: AttributeGate::Gated { feature, message, check, notes, .. },
             ..
         }) = attr_info
         {
-            gate_alt!(self, has_feature(self.features), *name, attr.span, *descr);
+            gate_alt!(self, check(self.features), *feature, attr.span, *message, *notes);
         }
         // Check unstable flavors of the `#[doc]` attribute.
         if attr.has_name(sym::doc) {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/mod.rs
index a05e2bd6a5d..a766e2006e5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/mod.rs
@@ -53,6 +53,18 @@ pub fn item_to_string(i: &ast::Item) -> String {
     State::new().item_to_string(i)
 }
 
+pub fn assoc_item_to_string(i: &ast::AssocItem) -> String {
+    State::new().assoc_item_to_string(i)
+}
+
+pub fn foreign_item_to_string(i: &ast::ForeignItem) -> String {
+    State::new().foreign_item_to_string(i)
+}
+
+pub fn stmt_to_string(s: &ast::Stmt) -> String {
+    State::new().stmt_to_string(s)
+}
+
 pub fn path_to_string(p: &ast::Path) -> String {
     State::new().path_to_string(p)
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state.rs
index 0990c9b27eb..3d738fa31f2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state.rs
@@ -1063,6 +1063,14 @@ pub trait PrintState<'a>: std::ops::Deref<Target = pp::Printer> + std::ops::Dere
         Self::to_string(|s| s.print_item(i))
     }
 
+    fn assoc_item_to_string(&self, i: &ast::AssocItem) -> String {
+        Self::to_string(|s| s.print_assoc_item(i))
+    }
+
+    fn foreign_item_to_string(&self, i: &ast::ForeignItem) -> String {
+        Self::to_string(|s| s.print_foreign_item(i))
+    }
+
     fn path_to_string(&self, p: &ast::Path) -> String {
         Self::to_string(|s| s.print_path(p, false, 0))
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state/expr.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state/expr.rs
index c9a7e2aebd0..ee49246a4bb 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state/expr.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state/expr.rs
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ use rustc_ast::util::classify;
 use rustc_ast::util::literal::escape_byte_str_symbol;
 use rustc_ast::util::parser::{self, ExprPrecedence, Fixity};
 use rustc_ast::{
-    self as ast, BlockCheckMode, FormatAlignment, FormatArgPosition, FormatArgsPiece, FormatCount,
-    FormatDebugHex, FormatSign, FormatTrait, YieldKind, token,
+    self as ast, BinOpKind, BlockCheckMode, FormatAlignment, FormatArgPosition, FormatArgsPiece,
+    FormatCount, FormatDebugHex, FormatSign, FormatTrait, YieldKind, token,
 };
 
 use crate::pp::Breaks::Inconsistent;
@@ -214,13 +214,6 @@ impl<'a> State<'a> {
     }
 
     fn print_expr_call(&mut self, func: &ast::Expr, args: &[P<ast::Expr>], fixup: FixupContext) {
-        let needs_paren = match func.kind {
-            // In order to call a named field, needs parens: `(self.fun)()`
-            // But not for an unnamed field: `self.0()`
-            ast::ExprKind::Field(_, name) => !name.is_numeric(),
-            _ => func.precedence() < ExprPrecedence::Unambiguous,
-        };
-
         // Independent of parenthesization related to precedence, we must
         // parenthesize `func` if this is a statement context in which without
         // parentheses, a statement boundary would occur inside `func` or
@@ -237,8 +230,16 @@ impl<'a> State<'a> {
         // because the latter is valid syntax but with the incorrect meaning.
         // It's a match-expression followed by tuple-expression, not a function
         // call.
-        self.print_expr_cond_paren(func, needs_paren, fixup.leftmost_subexpression());
+        let func_fixup = fixup.leftmost_subexpression_with_operator(true);
+
+        let needs_paren = match func.kind {
+            // In order to call a named field, needs parens: `(self.fun)()`
+            // But not for an unnamed field: `self.0()`
+            ast::ExprKind::Field(_, name) => !name.is_numeric(),
+            _ => func_fixup.precedence(func) < ExprPrecedence::Unambiguous,
+        };
 
+        self.print_expr_cond_paren(func, needs_paren, func_fixup);
         self.print_call_post(args)
     }
 
@@ -281,9 +282,24 @@ impl<'a> State<'a> {
         rhs: &ast::Expr,
         fixup: FixupContext,
     ) {
+        let operator_can_begin_expr = match op {
+            | BinOpKind::Sub     // -x
+            | BinOpKind::Mul     // *x
+            | BinOpKind::And     // &&x
+            | BinOpKind::Or      // || x
+            | BinOpKind::BitAnd  // &x
+            | BinOpKind::BitOr   // |x| x
+            | BinOpKind::Shl     // <<T as Trait>::Type as Trait>::CONST
+            | BinOpKind::Lt      // <T as Trait>::CONST
+              => true,
+            _ => false,
+        };
+
+        let left_fixup = fixup.leftmost_subexpression_with_operator(operator_can_begin_expr);
+
         let binop_prec = op.precedence();
-        let left_prec = lhs.precedence();
-        let right_prec = rhs.precedence();
+        let left_prec = left_fixup.precedence(lhs);
+        let right_prec = fixup.precedence(rhs);
 
         let (mut left_needs_paren, right_needs_paren) = match op.fixity() {
             Fixity::Left => (left_prec < binop_prec, right_prec <= binop_prec),
@@ -312,18 +328,18 @@ impl<'a> State<'a> {
             _ => {}
         }
 
-        self.print_expr_cond_paren(lhs, left_needs_paren, fixup.leftmost_subexpression());
+        self.print_expr_cond_paren(lhs, left_needs_paren, left_fixup);
         self.space();
         self.word_space(op.as_str());
-        self.print_expr_cond_paren(rhs, right_needs_paren, fixup.subsequent_subexpression());
+        self.print_expr_cond_paren(rhs, right_needs_paren, fixup.rightmost_subexpression());
     }
 
     fn print_expr_unary(&mut self, op: ast::UnOp, expr: &ast::Expr, fixup: FixupContext) {
         self.word(op.as_str());
         self.print_expr_cond_paren(
             expr,
-            expr.precedence() < ExprPrecedence::Prefix,
-            fixup.subsequent_subexpression(),
+            fixup.precedence(expr) < ExprPrecedence::Prefix,
+            fixup.rightmost_subexpression(),
         );
     }
 
@@ -344,8 +360,8 @@ impl<'a> State<'a> {
         }
         self.print_expr_cond_paren(
             expr,
-            expr.precedence() < ExprPrecedence::Prefix,
-            fixup.subsequent_subexpression(),
+            fixup.precedence(expr) < ExprPrecedence::Prefix,
+            fixup.rightmost_subexpression(),
         );
     }
 
@@ -590,8 +606,8 @@ impl<'a> State<'a> {
                 self.word_space("=");
                 self.print_expr_cond_paren(
                     rhs,
-                    rhs.precedence() < ExprPrecedence::Assign,
-                    fixup.subsequent_subexpression(),
+                    fixup.precedence(rhs) < ExprPrecedence::Assign,
+                    fixup.rightmost_subexpression(),
                 );
             }
             ast::ExprKind::AssignOp(op, lhs, rhs) => {
@@ -604,8 +620,8 @@ impl<'a> State<'a> {
                 self.word_space(op.node.as_str());
                 self.print_expr_cond_paren(
                     rhs,
-                    rhs.precedence() < ExprPrecedence::Assign,
-                    fixup.subsequent_subexpression(),
+                    fixup.precedence(rhs) < ExprPrecedence::Assign,
+                    fixup.rightmost_subexpression(),
                 );
             }
             ast::ExprKind::Field(expr, ident) => {
@@ -618,10 +634,11 @@ impl<'a> State<'a> {
                 self.print_ident(*ident);
             }
             ast::ExprKind::Index(expr, index, _) => {
+                let expr_fixup = fixup.leftmost_subexpression_with_operator(true);
                 self.print_expr_cond_paren(
                     expr,
-                    expr.precedence() < ExprPrecedence::Unambiguous,
-                    fixup.leftmost_subexpression(),
+                    expr_fixup.precedence(expr) < ExprPrecedence::Unambiguous,
+                    expr_fixup,
                 );
                 self.word("[");
                 self.print_expr(index, FixupContext::default());
@@ -634,10 +651,11 @@ impl<'a> State<'a> {
                 // a "normal" binop gets parenthesized. (`LOr` is the lowest-precedence binop.)
                 let fake_prec = ExprPrecedence::LOr;
                 if let Some(e) = start {
+                    let start_fixup = fixup.leftmost_subexpression_with_operator(true);
                     self.print_expr_cond_paren(
                         e,
-                        e.precedence() < fake_prec,
-                        fixup.leftmost_subexpression(),
+                        start_fixup.precedence(e) < fake_prec,
+                        start_fixup,
                     );
                 }
                 match limits {
@@ -647,8 +665,8 @@ impl<'a> State<'a> {
                 if let Some(e) = end {
                     self.print_expr_cond_paren(
                         e,
-                        e.precedence() < fake_prec,
-                        fixup.subsequent_subexpression(),
+                        fixup.precedence(e) < fake_prec,
+                        fixup.rightmost_subexpression(),
                     );
                 }
             }
@@ -665,11 +683,10 @@ impl<'a> State<'a> {
                     self.space();
                     self.print_expr_cond_paren(
                         expr,
-                        // Parenthesize if required by precedence, or in the
-                        // case of `break 'inner: loop { break 'inner 1 } + 1`
-                        expr.precedence() < ExprPrecedence::Jump
-                            || (opt_label.is_none() && classify::leading_labeled_expr(expr)),
-                        fixup.subsequent_subexpression(),
+                        // Parenthesize `break 'inner: loop { break 'inner 1 } + 1`
+                        //                     ^---------------------------------^
+                        opt_label.is_none() && classify::leading_labeled_expr(expr),
+                        fixup.rightmost_subexpression(),
                     );
                 }
             }
@@ -684,11 +701,7 @@ impl<'a> State<'a> {
                 self.word("return");
                 if let Some(expr) = result {
                     self.word(" ");
-                    self.print_expr_cond_paren(
-                        expr,
-                        expr.precedence() < ExprPrecedence::Jump,
-                        fixup.subsequent_subexpression(),
-                    );
+                    self.print_expr(expr, fixup.rightmost_subexpression());
                 }
             }
             ast::ExprKind::Yeet(result) => {
@@ -697,21 +710,13 @@ impl<'a> State<'a> {
                 self.word("yeet");
                 if let Some(expr) = result {
                     self.word(" ");
-                    self.print_expr_cond_paren(
-                        expr,
-                        expr.precedence() < ExprPrecedence::Jump,
-                        fixup.subsequent_subexpression(),
-                    );
+                    self.print_expr(expr, fixup.rightmost_subexpression());
                 }
             }
             ast::ExprKind::Become(result) => {
                 self.word("become");
                 self.word(" ");
-                self.print_expr_cond_paren(
-                    result,
-                    result.precedence() < ExprPrecedence::Jump,
-                    fixup.subsequent_subexpression(),
-                );
+                self.print_expr(result, fixup.rightmost_subexpression());
             }
             ast::ExprKind::InlineAsm(a) => {
                 // FIXME: Print `builtin # asm` once macro `asm` uses `builtin_syntax`.
@@ -761,11 +766,7 @@ impl<'a> State<'a> {
 
                 if let Some(expr) = e {
                     self.space();
-                    self.print_expr_cond_paren(
-                        expr,
-                        expr.precedence() < ExprPrecedence::Jump,
-                        fixup.subsequent_subexpression(),
-                    );
+                    self.print_expr(expr, fixup.rightmost_subexpression());
                 }
             }
             ast::ExprKind::Yield(YieldKind::Postfix(e)) => {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state/fixup.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state/fixup.rs
index 3ef21f5cb29..eb5ac8b78a8 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state/fixup.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state/fixup.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-use rustc_ast::Expr;
-use rustc_ast::util::{classify, parser};
+use rustc_ast::util::classify;
+use rustc_ast::util::parser::{self, ExprPrecedence};
+use rustc_ast::{Expr, ExprKind, YieldKind};
 
 // The default amount of fixing is minimal fixing, so all fixups are set to `false` by `Default`.
 // Fixups should be turned on in a targeted fashion where needed.
@@ -93,6 +94,24 @@ pub(crate) struct FixupContext {
     /// }
     /// ```
     parenthesize_exterior_struct_lit: bool,
+
+    /// This is the difference between:
+    ///
+    /// ```ignore (illustrative)
+    /// let _ = (return) - 1;  // without paren, this would return -1
+    ///
+    /// let _ = return + 1;  // no paren because '+' cannot begin expr
+    /// ```
+    next_operator_can_begin_expr: bool,
+
+    /// This is the difference between:
+    ///
+    /// ```ignore (illustrative)
+    /// let _ = 1 + return 1;  // no parens if rightmost subexpression
+    ///
+    /// let _ = 1 + (return 1) + 1;  // needs parens
+    /// ```
+    next_operator_can_continue_expr: bool,
 }
 
 impl FixupContext {
@@ -134,6 +153,8 @@ impl FixupContext {
             match_arm: false,
             leftmost_subexpression_in_match_arm: self.match_arm
                 || self.leftmost_subexpression_in_match_arm,
+            next_operator_can_begin_expr: false,
+            next_operator_can_continue_expr: true,
             ..self
         }
     }
@@ -148,19 +169,34 @@ impl FixupContext {
             leftmost_subexpression_in_stmt: false,
             match_arm: self.match_arm || self.leftmost_subexpression_in_match_arm,
             leftmost_subexpression_in_match_arm: false,
+            next_operator_can_begin_expr: false,
+            next_operator_can_continue_expr: true,
             ..self
         }
     }
 
-    /// Transform this fixup into the one that should apply when printing any
-    /// subexpression that is neither a leftmost subexpression nor surrounded in
-    /// delimiters.
+    /// Transform this fixup into the one that should apply when printing a
+    /// leftmost subexpression followed by punctuation that is legal as the
+    /// first token of an expression.
+    pub(crate) fn leftmost_subexpression_with_operator(
+        self,
+        next_operator_can_begin_expr: bool,
+    ) -> Self {
+        FixupContext { next_operator_can_begin_expr, ..self.leftmost_subexpression() }
+    }
+
+    /// Transform this fixup into the one that should apply when printing the
+    /// rightmost subexpression of the current expression.
+    ///
+    /// The rightmost subexpression is any subexpression that has a different
+    /// first token than the current expression, but has the same last token.
+    ///
+    /// For example in `$a + $b` and `-$b`, the subexpression `$b` is a
+    /// rightmost subexpression.
     ///
-    /// This is for any subexpression that has a different first token than the
-    /// current expression, and is not surrounded by a paren/bracket/brace. For
-    /// example the `$b` in `$a + $b` and `-$b`, but not the one in `[$b]` or
-    /// `$a.f($b)`.
-    pub(crate) fn subsequent_subexpression(self) -> Self {
+    /// Not every expression has a rightmost subexpression. For example neither
+    /// `[$b]` nor `$a.f($b)` have one.
+    pub(crate) fn rightmost_subexpression(self) -> Self {
         FixupContext {
             stmt: false,
             leftmost_subexpression_in_stmt: false,
@@ -193,6 +229,39 @@ impl FixupContext {
     ///     "let chain".
     pub(crate) fn needs_par_as_let_scrutinee(self, expr: &Expr) -> bool {
         self.parenthesize_exterior_struct_lit && parser::contains_exterior_struct_lit(expr)
-            || parser::needs_par_as_let_scrutinee(expr.precedence())
+            || parser::needs_par_as_let_scrutinee(self.precedence(expr))
+    }
+
+    /// Determines the effective precedence of a subexpression. Some expressions
+    /// have higher or lower precedence when adjacent to particular operators.
+    pub(crate) fn precedence(self, expr: &Expr) -> ExprPrecedence {
+        if self.next_operator_can_begin_expr {
+            // Decrease precedence of value-less jumps when followed by an
+            // operator that would otherwise get interpreted as beginning a
+            // value for the jump.
+            if let ExprKind::Break(..)
+            | ExprKind::Ret(..)
+            | ExprKind::Yeet(..)
+            | ExprKind::Yield(YieldKind::Prefix(..)) = expr.kind
+            {
+                return ExprPrecedence::Jump;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if !self.next_operator_can_continue_expr {
+            // Increase precedence of expressions that extend to the end of
+            // current statement or group.
+            if let ExprKind::Break(..)
+            | ExprKind::Closure(..)
+            | ExprKind::Ret(..)
+            | ExprKind::Yeet(..)
+            | ExprKind::Yield(YieldKind::Prefix(..))
+            | ExprKind::Range(None, ..) = expr.kind
+            {
+                return ExprPrecedence::Prefix;
+            }
+        }
+
+        expr.precedence()
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state/item.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state/item.rs
index 3638eb31c61..6c442553976 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state/item.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state/item.rs
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ impl<'a> State<'a> {
         }
     }
 
-    fn print_foreign_item(&mut self, item: &ast::ForeignItem) {
+    pub(crate) fn print_foreign_item(&mut self, item: &ast::ForeignItem) {
         let ast::Item { id, span, ref attrs, ref kind, ref vis, tokens: _ } = *item;
         self.ann.pre(self, AnnNode::SubItem(id));
         self.hardbreak_if_not_bol();
@@ -548,7 +548,7 @@ impl<'a> State<'a> {
         }
     }
 
-    fn print_assoc_item(&mut self, item: &ast::AssocItem) {
+    pub(crate) fn print_assoc_item(&mut self, item: &ast::AssocItem) {
         let ast::Item { id, span, ref attrs, ref kind, ref vis, tokens: _ } = *item;
         self.ann.pre(self, AnnNode::SubItem(id));
         self.hardbreak_if_not_bol();
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_attr_data_structures/src/attributes.rs b/compiler/rustc_attr_data_structures/src/attributes.rs
index d2d1285b075..845e4d5e5d0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_attr_data_structures/src/attributes.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_attr_data_structures/src/attributes.rs
@@ -57,14 +57,6 @@ impl OptimizeAttr {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, Encodable, Decodable, HashStable_Generic, PrintAttribute)]
-pub enum DiagnosticAttribute {
-    // tidy-alphabetical-start
-    DoNotRecommend,
-    OnUnimplemented,
-    // tidy-alphabetical-end
-}
-
 #[derive(PartialEq, Debug, Encodable, Decodable, Copy, Clone, HashStable_Generic, PrintAttribute)]
 pub enum ReprAttr {
     ReprInt(IntType),
@@ -160,40 +152,52 @@ impl Deprecation {
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, HashStable_Generic, Encodable, Decodable, PrintAttribute)]
 pub enum AttributeKind {
     // tidy-alphabetical-start
+    /// Represents `#[rustc_allow_const_fn_unstable]`.
     AllowConstFnUnstable(ThinVec<Symbol>),
+
+    /// Represents `#[allow_internal_unstable]`.
     AllowInternalUnstable(ThinVec<(Symbol, Span)>),
+
+    /// Represents `#[rustc_default_body_unstable]`.
     BodyStability {
         stability: DefaultBodyStability,
         /// Span of the `#[rustc_default_body_unstable(...)]` attribute
         span: Span,
     },
+
+    /// Represents `#[rustc_confusables]`.
     Confusables {
         symbols: ThinVec<Symbol>,
         // FIXME(jdonszelmann): remove when target validation code is moved
         first_span: Span,
     },
+
+    /// Represents `#[rustc_const_stable]` and `#[rustc_const_unstable]`.
     ConstStability {
         stability: PartialConstStability,
         /// Span of the `#[rustc_const_stable(...)]` or `#[rustc_const_unstable(...)]` attribute
         span: Span,
     },
+
+    /// Represents `#[rustc_const_stable_indirect]`.
     ConstStabilityIndirect,
-    Deprecation {
-        deprecation: Deprecation,
-        span: Span,
-    },
-    Diagnostic(DiagnosticAttribute),
-    DocComment {
-        style: AttrStyle,
-        kind: CommentKind,
-        span: Span,
-        comment: Symbol,
-    },
+
+    /// Represents [`#[deprecated]`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/reference/attributes/diagnostics.html#the-deprecated-attribute).
+    Deprecation { deprecation: Deprecation, span: Span },
+
+    /// Represents [`#[doc]`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/rustdoc/write-documentation/the-doc-attribute.html).
+    DocComment { style: AttrStyle, kind: CommentKind, span: Span, comment: Symbol },
+
+    /// Represents `#[rustc_macro_transparency]`.
     MacroTransparency(Transparency),
+
+    /// Represents [`#[repr]`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/reference/type-layout.html#representations).
     Repr(ThinVec<(ReprAttr, Span)>),
+
+    /// Represents `#[stable]`, `#[unstable]` and `#[rustc_allowed_through_unstable_modules]`.
     Stability {
         stability: Stability,
-        /// Span of the `#[stable(...)]` or `#[unstable(...)]` attribute
+        /// Span of the attribute.
         span: Span,
     },
     // tidy-alphabetical-end
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_attr_data_structures/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_attr_data_structures/src/lib.rs
index dbfc95b047a..b0fc19d1cd7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_attr_data_structures/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_attr_data_structures/src/lib.rs
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ mod attributes;
 mod stability;
 mod version;
 
+pub mod lints;
+
 use std::num::NonZero;
 
 pub use attributes::*;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_attr_data_structures/src/lints.rs b/compiler/rustc_attr_data_structures/src/lints.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7e3664b2263
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_attr_data_structures/src/lints.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+use rustc_macros::HashStable_Generic;
+use rustc_span::Span;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
+pub struct AttributeLint<Id> {
+    pub id: Id,
+    pub span: Span,
+    pub kind: AttributeLintKind,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
+pub enum AttributeLintKind {
+    UnusedDuplicate { this: Span, other: Span, warning: bool },
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_attr_data_structures/src/stability.rs b/compiler/rustc_attr_data_structures/src/stability.rs
index c0ca08a60f8..218e771c745 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_attr_data_structures/src/stability.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_attr_data_structures/src/stability.rs
@@ -132,6 +132,7 @@ pub enum StabilityLevel {
         /// fn foobar() {}
         /// ```
         implied_by: Option<Symbol>,
+        old_name: Option<Symbol>,
     },
     /// `#[stable]`
     Stable {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/messages.ftl
index 45174c9582d..c9443feb021 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/messages.ftl
@@ -131,7 +131,15 @@ attr_parsing_unsupported_literal_generic =
 attr_parsing_unsupported_literal_suggestion =
     consider removing the prefix
 
+attr_parsing_unused_duplicate =
+    unused attribute
+    .suggestion = remove this attribute
+    .note = attribute also specified here
+    .warn = {-passes_previously_accepted}
 attr_parsing_unused_multiple =
     multiple `{$name}` attributes
     .suggestion = remove this attribute
     .note = attribute also specified here
+
+-attr_parsing_perviously_accepted =
+    this was previously accepted by the compiler but is being phased out; it will become a hard error in a future release!
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/attributes/allow_unstable.rs b/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/attributes/allow_unstable.rs
index d0465546b73..81192f902a2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/attributes/allow_unstable.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/attributes/allow_unstable.rs
@@ -4,41 +4,43 @@ use rustc_attr_data_structures::AttributeKind;
 use rustc_span::{Span, Symbol, sym};
 
 use super::{CombineAttributeParser, ConvertFn};
-use crate::context::AcceptContext;
+use crate::context::{AcceptContext, Stage};
 use crate::parser::ArgParser;
 use crate::session_diagnostics;
 
 pub(crate) struct AllowInternalUnstableParser;
-impl CombineAttributeParser for AllowInternalUnstableParser {
-    const PATH: &'static [Symbol] = &[sym::allow_internal_unstable];
+impl<S: Stage> CombineAttributeParser<S> for AllowInternalUnstableParser {
+    const PATH: &[Symbol] = &[sym::allow_internal_unstable];
     type Item = (Symbol, Span);
     const CONVERT: ConvertFn<Self::Item> = AttributeKind::AllowInternalUnstable;
 
-    fn extend<'a>(
-        cx: &'a AcceptContext<'a>,
-        args: &'a ArgParser<'a>,
-    ) -> impl IntoIterator<Item = Self::Item> + 'a {
-        parse_unstable(cx, args, Self::PATH[0]).into_iter().zip(iter::repeat(cx.attr_span))
+    fn extend<'c>(
+        cx: &'c mut AcceptContext<'_, '_, S>,
+        args: &'c ArgParser<'_>,
+    ) -> impl IntoIterator<Item = Self::Item> {
+        parse_unstable(cx, args, <Self as CombineAttributeParser<S>>::PATH[0])
+            .into_iter()
+            .zip(iter::repeat(cx.attr_span))
     }
 }
 
 pub(crate) struct AllowConstFnUnstableParser;
-impl CombineAttributeParser for AllowConstFnUnstableParser {
-    const PATH: &'static [Symbol] = &[sym::rustc_allow_const_fn_unstable];
+impl<S: Stage> CombineAttributeParser<S> for AllowConstFnUnstableParser {
+    const PATH: &[Symbol] = &[sym::rustc_allow_const_fn_unstable];
     type Item = Symbol;
     const CONVERT: ConvertFn<Self::Item> = AttributeKind::AllowConstFnUnstable;
 
-    fn extend<'a>(
-        cx: &'a AcceptContext<'a>,
-        args: &'a ArgParser<'a>,
-    ) -> impl IntoIterator<Item = Self::Item> + 'a {
-        parse_unstable(cx, args, Self::PATH[0])
+    fn extend<'c>(
+        cx: &'c mut AcceptContext<'_, '_, S>,
+        args: &'c ArgParser<'_>,
+    ) -> impl IntoIterator<Item = Self::Item> + 'c {
+        parse_unstable(cx, args, <Self as CombineAttributeParser<S>>::PATH[0])
     }
 }
 
-fn parse_unstable<'a>(
-    cx: &AcceptContext<'_>,
-    args: &'a ArgParser<'a>,
+fn parse_unstable<S: Stage>(
+    cx: &AcceptContext<'_, '_, S>,
+    args: &ArgParser<'_>,
     symbol: Symbol,
 ) -> impl IntoIterator<Item = Symbol> {
     let mut res = Vec::new();
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/attributes/confusables.rs b/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/attributes/confusables.rs
index 6cff952fcf2..afd3c012f05 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/attributes/confusables.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/attributes/confusables.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use rustc_span::{Span, Symbol, sym};
 use thin_vec::ThinVec;
 
 use super::{AcceptMapping, AttributeParser};
-use crate::context::FinalizeContext;
+use crate::context::{FinalizeContext, Stage};
 use crate::session_diagnostics;
 
 #[derive(Default)]
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ pub(crate) struct ConfusablesParser {
     first_span: Option<Span>,
 }
 
-impl AttributeParser for ConfusablesParser {
-    const ATTRIBUTES: AcceptMapping<Self> = &[(&[sym::rustc_confusables], |this, cx, args| {
+impl<S: Stage> AttributeParser<S> for ConfusablesParser {
+    const ATTRIBUTES: AcceptMapping<Self, S> = &[(&[sym::rustc_confusables], |this, cx, args| {
         let Some(list) = args.list() else {
             // FIXME(jdonszelmann): error when not a list? Bring validation code here.
             //       NOTE: currently subsequent attributes are silently ignored using
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ impl AttributeParser for ConfusablesParser {
         this.first_span.get_or_insert(cx.attr_span);
     })];
 
-    fn finalize(self, _cx: &FinalizeContext<'_>) -> Option<AttributeKind> {
+    fn finalize(self, _cx: &FinalizeContext<'_, '_, S>) -> Option<AttributeKind> {
         if self.confusables.is_empty() {
             return None;
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/attributes/deprecation.rs b/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/attributes/deprecation.rs
index 006c1fe3b9c..1faee41c2a9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/attributes/deprecation.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/attributes/deprecation.rs
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 use rustc_attr_data_structures::{AttributeKind, DeprecatedSince, Deprecation};
 use rustc_span::{Span, Symbol, sym};
 
-use super::SingleAttributeParser;
 use super::util::parse_version;
-use crate::context::AcceptContext;
+use super::{AttributeOrder, OnDuplicate, SingleAttributeParser};
+use crate::context::{AcceptContext, Stage};
 use crate::parser::ArgParser;
 use crate::session_diagnostics;
 use crate::session_diagnostics::UnsupportedLiteralReason;
 
 pub(crate) struct DeprecationParser;
 
-fn get(
-    cx: &AcceptContext<'_>,
+fn get<S: Stage>(
+    cx: &AcceptContext<'_, '_, S>,
     name: Symbol,
     param_span: Span,
     arg: &ArgParser<'_>,
@@ -41,19 +41,12 @@ fn get(
     }
 }
 
-impl SingleAttributeParser for DeprecationParser {
-    const PATH: &'static [Symbol] = &[sym::deprecated];
+impl<S: Stage> SingleAttributeParser<S> for DeprecationParser {
+    const PATH: &[Symbol] = &[sym::deprecated];
+    const ATTRIBUTE_ORDER: AttributeOrder = AttributeOrder::KeepFirst;
+    const ON_DUPLICATE: OnDuplicate<S> = OnDuplicate::Error;
 
-    fn on_duplicate(cx: &AcceptContext<'_>, first_span: Span) {
-        // FIXME(jdonszelmann): merge with errors from check_attrs.rs
-        cx.emit_err(session_diagnostics::UnusedMultiple {
-            this: cx.attr_span,
-            other: first_span,
-            name: sym::deprecated,
-        });
-    }
-
-    fn convert(cx: &AcceptContext<'_>, args: &ArgParser<'_>) -> Option<AttributeKind> {
+    fn convert(cx: &mut AcceptContext<'_, '_, S>, args: &ArgParser<'_>) -> Option<AttributeKind> {
         let features = cx.features();
 
         let mut since = None;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/attributes/inline.rs b/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/attributes/inline.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c7f82082c2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/attributes/inline.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+// FIXME(jdonszelmann): merge these two parsers and error when both attributes are present here.
+//                      note: need to model better how duplicate attr errors work when not using
+//                      SingleAttributeParser which is what we have two of here.
+
+use rustc_attr_data_structures::lints::AttributeLintKind;
+use rustc_attr_data_structures::{AttributeKind, InlineAttr};
+use rustc_feature::{AttributeTemplate, template};
+use rustc_span::{Symbol, sym};
+
+use super::{AcceptContext, AttributeOrder, OnDuplicate};
+use crate::attributes::SingleAttributeParser;
+use crate::context::Stage;
+use crate::parser::ArgParser;
+
+pub(crate) struct InlineParser;
+
+impl<S: Stage> SingleAttributeParser<S> for InlineParser {
+    const PATH: &'static [Symbol] = &[sym::inline];
+    const ATTRIBUTE_ORDER: AttributeOrder = AttributeOrder::KeepLast;
+    const ON_DUPLICATE: OnDuplicate<S> = OnDuplicate::WarnButFutureError;
+    const TEMPLATE: AttributeTemplate = template!(Word, List: "always|never");
+
+    fn convert(cx: &mut AcceptContext<'_, '_, S>, args: &ArgParser<'_>) -> Option<AttributeKind> {
+        match args {
+            ArgParser::NoArgs => Some(AttributeKind::Inline(InlineAttr::Hint, cx.attr_span)),
+            ArgParser::List(list) => {
+                let Some(l) = list.single() else {
+                    cx.expected_single_argument(list.span);
+                    return None;
+                };
+
+                match l.meta_item().and_then(|i| i.word_without_args().map(|i| i.name)) {
+                    Some(sym::always) => {
+                        Some(AttributeKind::Inline(InlineAttr::Always, cx.attr_span))
+                    }
+                    Some(sym::never) => {
+                        Some(AttributeKind::Inline(InlineAttr::Never, cx.attr_span))
+                    }
+                    _ => {
+                        cx.expected_specific_argument(l.span(), vec!["always", "never"]);
+                        return None;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            ArgParser::NameValue(_) => {
+                let suggestions =
+                    <Self as SingleAttributeParser<S>>::TEMPLATE.suggestions(false, "inline");
+                cx.emit_lint(
+                    AttributeLintKind::IllFormedAttributeInput { suggestions },
+                    cx.attr_span,
+                );
+                return None;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) struct RustcForceInlineParser;
+
+impl<S: Stage> SingleAttributeParser<S> for RustcForceInlineParser {
+    const PATH: &'static [Symbol] = &[sym::rustc_force_inline];
+    const ATTRIBUTE_ORDER: AttributeOrder = AttributeOrder::KeepLast;
+    const ON_DUPLICATE: OnDuplicate<S> = OnDuplicate::WarnButFutureError;
+    const TEMPLATE: AttributeTemplate = template!(Word, List: "reason", NameValueStr: "reason");
+
+    fn convert(cx: &AcceptContext<'_, '_, S>, args: &ArgParser<'_>) -> Option<AttributeKind> {
+        let reason = match args {
+            ArgParser::NoArgs => None,
+            ArgParser::List(list) => {
+                let Some(l) = list.single() else {
+                    cx.expected_single_argument(list.span);
+                    return None;
+                };
+
+                let Some(reason) = l.lit().and_then(|i| i.kind.str()) else {
+                    cx.expected_string_literal(l.span());
+                    return None;
+                };
+
+                Some(reason)
+            }
+            ArgParser::NameValue(v) => {
+                let Some(reason) = v.value_as_str() else {
+                    cx.expected_string_literal(v.value_span);
+                    return None;
+                };
+
+                Some(reason)
+            }
+        };
+
+        Some(AttributeKind::Inline(
+            InlineAttr::Force { attr_span: cx.attr_span, reason },
+            cx.attr_span,
+        ))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/attributes/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/attributes/mod.rs
index bf18e10e19f..caf55e6685e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/attributes/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/attributes/mod.rs
@@ -12,16 +12,18 @@
 //! - [`CombineAttributeParser`]: makes it easy to implement an attribute which should combine the
 //! contents of attributes, if an attribute appear multiple times in a list
 //!
-//! Attributes should be added to [`ATTRIBUTE_MAPPING`](crate::context::ATTRIBUTE_MAPPING) to be parsed.
+//! Attributes should be added to `crate::context::ATTRIBUTE_PARSERS` to be parsed.
 
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 
 use rustc_attr_data_structures::AttributeKind;
+use rustc_attr_data_structures::lints::AttributeLintKind;
 use rustc_span::{Span, Symbol};
 use thin_vec::ThinVec;
 
-use crate::context::{AcceptContext, FinalizeContext};
+use crate::context::{AcceptContext, FinalizeContext, Stage};
 use crate::parser::ArgParser;
+use crate::session_diagnostics::UnusedMultiple;
 
 pub(crate) mod allow_unstable;
 pub(crate) mod cfg;
@@ -32,8 +34,8 @@ pub(crate) mod stability;
 pub(crate) mod transparency;
 pub(crate) mod util;
 
-type AcceptFn<T> = fn(&mut T, &AcceptContext<'_>, &ArgParser<'_>);
-type AcceptMapping<T> = &'static [(&'static [Symbol], AcceptFn<T>)];
+type AcceptFn<T, S> = for<'sess> fn(&mut T, &mut AcceptContext<'_, 'sess, S>, &ArgParser<'_>);
+type AcceptMapping<T, S> = &'static [(&'static [Symbol], AcceptFn<T, S>)];
 
 /// An [`AttributeParser`] is a type which searches for syntactic attributes.
 ///
@@ -51,15 +53,24 @@ type AcceptMapping<T> = &'static [(&'static [Symbol], AcceptFn<T>)];
 /// whether it has seen the attribute it has been looking for.
 ///
 /// The state machine is automatically reset to parse attributes on the next item.
-pub(crate) trait AttributeParser: Default + 'static {
+///
+/// For a simpler attribute parsing interface, consider using [`SingleAttributeParser`]
+/// or [`CombineAttributeParser`] instead.
+pub(crate) trait AttributeParser<S: Stage>: Default + 'static {
     /// The symbols for the attributes that this parser is interested in.
     ///
     /// If an attribute has this symbol, the `accept` function will be called on it.
-    const ATTRIBUTES: AcceptMapping<Self>;
+    const ATTRIBUTES: AcceptMapping<Self, S>;
 
     /// The parser has gotten a chance to accept the attributes on an item,
     /// here it can produce an attribute.
-    fn finalize(self, cx: &FinalizeContext<'_>) -> Option<AttributeKind>;
+    ///
+    /// All finalize methods of all parsers are unconditionally called.
+    /// This means you can't unconditionally return `Some` here,
+    /// that'd be equivalent to unconditionally applying an attribute to
+    /// every single syntax item that could have attributes applied to it.
+    /// Your accept mappings should determine whether this returns something.
+    fn finalize(self, cx: &FinalizeContext<'_, '_, S>) -> Option<AttributeKind>;
 }
 
 /// Alternative to [`AttributeParser`] that automatically handles state management.
@@ -71,43 +82,130 @@ pub(crate) trait AttributeParser: Default + 'static {
 ///
 /// [`SingleAttributeParser`] can only convert attributes one-to-one, and cannot combine multiple
 /// attributes together like is necessary for `#[stable()]` and `#[unstable()]` for example.
-pub(crate) trait SingleAttributeParser: 'static {
-    const PATH: &'static [Symbol];
-
-    /// Called when a duplicate attribute is found.
-    ///
-    /// `first_span` is the span of the first occurrence of this attribute.
-    // FIXME(jdonszelmann): default error
-    fn on_duplicate(cx: &AcceptContext<'_>, first_span: Span);
+pub(crate) trait SingleAttributeParser<S: Stage>: 'static {
+    const PATH: &[Symbol];
+    const ATTRIBUTE_ORDER: AttributeOrder;
+    const ON_DUPLICATE: OnDuplicate<S>;
 
     /// Converts a single syntactical attribute to a single semantic attribute, or [`AttributeKind`]
-    fn convert(cx: &AcceptContext<'_>, args: &ArgParser<'_>) -> Option<AttributeKind>;
+    fn convert(cx: &mut AcceptContext<'_, '_, S>, args: &ArgParser<'_>) -> Option<AttributeKind>;
 }
 
-pub(crate) struct Single<T: SingleAttributeParser>(PhantomData<T>, Option<(AttributeKind, Span)>);
+pub(crate) struct Single<T: SingleAttributeParser<S>, S: Stage>(
+    PhantomData<(S, T)>,
+    Option<(AttributeKind, Span)>,
+);
 
-impl<T: SingleAttributeParser> Default for Single<T> {
+impl<T: SingleAttributeParser<S>, S: Stage> Default for Single<T, S> {
     fn default() -> Self {
         Self(Default::default(), Default::default())
     }
 }
 
-impl<T: SingleAttributeParser> AttributeParser for Single<T> {
-    const ATTRIBUTES: AcceptMapping<Self> = &[(T::PATH, |group: &mut Single<T>, cx, args| {
-        if let Some((_, s)) = group.1 {
-            T::on_duplicate(cx, s);
-            return;
-        }
+impl<T: SingleAttributeParser<S>, S: Stage> AttributeParser<S> for Single<T, S> {
+    const ATTRIBUTES: AcceptMapping<Self, S> =
+        &[(T::PATH, |group: &mut Single<T, S>, cx, args| {
+            if let Some(pa) = T::convert(cx, args) {
+                match T::ATTRIBUTE_ORDER {
+                    // keep the first and report immediately. ignore this attribute
+                    AttributeOrder::KeepFirst => {
+                        if let Some((_, unused)) = group.1 {
+                            T::ON_DUPLICATE.exec::<T>(cx, cx.attr_span, unused);
+                            return;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    // keep the new one and warn about the previous,
+                    // then replace
+                    AttributeOrder::KeepLast => {
+                        if let Some((_, used)) = group.1 {
+                            T::ON_DUPLICATE.exec::<T>(cx, used, cx.attr_span);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                group.1 = Some((pa, cx.attr_span));
+            }
+        })];
+
+    fn finalize(self, _cx: &FinalizeContext<'_, '_, S>) -> Option<AttributeKind> {
+        Some(self.1?.0)
+    }
+}
 
-        if let Some(pa) = T::convert(cx, args) {
-            group.1 = Some((pa, cx.attr_span));
-        }
-    })];
+// FIXME(jdonszelmann): logic is implemented but the attribute parsers needing
+// them will be merged in another PR
+#[allow(unused)]
+pub(crate) enum OnDuplicate<S: Stage> {
+    /// Give a default warning
+    Warn,
 
-    fn finalize(self, _cx: &FinalizeContext<'_>) -> Option<AttributeKind> {
-        Some(self.1?.0)
+    /// Duplicates will be a warning, with a note that this will be an error in the future.
+    WarnButFutureError,
+
+    /// Give a default error
+    Error,
+
+    /// Ignore duplicates
+    Ignore,
+
+    /// Custom function called when a duplicate attribute is found.
+    ///
+    /// - `unused` is the span of the attribute that was unused or bad because of some
+    ///   duplicate reason (see [`AttributeOrder`])
+    /// - `used` is the span of the attribute that was used in favor of the unused attribute
+    Custom(fn(cx: &AcceptContext<'_, '_, S>, used: Span, unused: Span)),
+}
+
+impl<S: Stage> OnDuplicate<S> {
+    fn exec<P: SingleAttributeParser<S>>(
+        &self,
+        cx: &mut AcceptContext<'_, '_, S>,
+        used: Span,
+        unused: Span,
+    ) {
+        match self {
+            OnDuplicate::Warn => cx.emit_lint(
+                AttributeLintKind::UnusedDuplicate { this: unused, other: used, warning: false },
+                unused,
+            ),
+            OnDuplicate::WarnButFutureError => cx.emit_lint(
+                AttributeLintKind::UnusedDuplicate { this: unused, other: used, warning: true },
+                unused,
+            ),
+            OnDuplicate::Error => {
+                cx.emit_err(UnusedMultiple {
+                    this: used,
+                    other: unused,
+                    name: Symbol::intern(
+                        &P::PATH.into_iter().map(|i| i.to_string()).collect::<Vec<_>>().join(".."),
+                    ),
+                });
+            }
+            OnDuplicate::Ignore => {}
+            OnDuplicate::Custom(f) => f(cx, used, unused),
+        }
     }
 }
+//
+// FIXME(jdonszelmann): logic is implemented but the attribute parsers needing
+// them will be merged in another PR
+#[allow(unused)]
+pub(crate) enum AttributeOrder {
+    /// Duplicates after the first attribute will be an error.
+    ///
+    /// This should be used where duplicates would be ignored, but carry extra
+    /// meaning that could cause confusion. For example, `#[stable(since="1.0")]
+    /// #[stable(since="2.0")]`, which version should be used for `stable`?
+    KeepFirst,
+
+    /// Duplicates preceding the last instance of the attribute will be a
+    /// warning, with a note that this will be an error in the future.
+    ///
+    /// This is the same as `FutureWarnFollowing`, except the last attribute is
+    /// the one that is "used". Ideally these can eventually migrate to
+    /// `ErrorPreceding`.
+    KeepLast,
+}
 
 type ConvertFn<E> = fn(ThinVec<E>) -> AttributeKind;
 
@@ -118,35 +216,35 @@ type ConvertFn<E> = fn(ThinVec<E>) -> AttributeKind;
 ///
 /// [`CombineAttributeParser`] can only convert a single kind of attribute, and cannot combine multiple
 /// attributes together like is necessary for `#[stable()]` and `#[unstable()]` for example.
-pub(crate) trait CombineAttributeParser: 'static {
-    const PATH: &'static [Symbol];
+pub(crate) trait CombineAttributeParser<S: Stage>: 'static {
+    const PATH: &[rustc_span::Symbol];
 
     type Item;
     const CONVERT: ConvertFn<Self::Item>;
 
     /// Converts a single syntactical attribute to a number of elements of the semantic attribute, or [`AttributeKind`]
-    fn extend<'a>(
-        cx: &'a AcceptContext<'a>,
-        args: &'a ArgParser<'a>,
-    ) -> impl IntoIterator<Item = Self::Item> + 'a;
+    fn extend<'c>(
+        cx: &'c mut AcceptContext<'_, '_, S>,
+        args: &'c ArgParser<'_>,
+    ) -> impl IntoIterator<Item = Self::Item> + 'c;
 }
 
-pub(crate) struct Combine<T: CombineAttributeParser>(
-    PhantomData<T>,
-    ThinVec<<T as CombineAttributeParser>::Item>,
+pub(crate) struct Combine<T: CombineAttributeParser<S>, S: Stage>(
+    PhantomData<(S, T)>,
+    ThinVec<<T as CombineAttributeParser<S>>::Item>,
 );
 
-impl<T: CombineAttributeParser> Default for Combine<T> {
+impl<T: CombineAttributeParser<S>, S: Stage> Default for Combine<T, S> {
     fn default() -> Self {
         Self(Default::default(), Default::default())
     }
 }
 
-impl<T: CombineAttributeParser> AttributeParser for Combine<T> {
-    const ATTRIBUTES: AcceptMapping<Self> =
-        &[(T::PATH, |group: &mut Combine<T>, cx, args| group.1.extend(T::extend(cx, args)))];
+impl<T: CombineAttributeParser<S>, S: Stage> AttributeParser<S> for Combine<T, S> {
+    const ATTRIBUTES: AcceptMapping<Self, S> =
+        &[(T::PATH, |group: &mut Combine<T, S>, cx, args| group.1.extend(T::extend(cx, args)))];
 
-    fn finalize(self, _cx: &FinalizeContext<'_>) -> Option<AttributeKind> {
+    fn finalize(self, _cx: &FinalizeContext<'_, '_, S>) -> Option<AttributeKind> {
         if self.1.is_empty() { None } else { Some(T::CONVERT(self.1)) }
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/attributes/repr.rs b/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/attributes/repr.rs
index 69316541e19..753b2366b41 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/attributes/repr.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/attributes/repr.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use rustc_attr_data_structures::{AttributeKind, IntType, ReprAttr};
 use rustc_span::{DUMMY_SP, Span, Symbol, sym};
 
 use super::{CombineAttributeParser, ConvertFn};
-use crate::context::AcceptContext;
+use crate::context::{AcceptContext, Stage};
 use crate::parser::{ArgParser, MetaItemListParser, MetaItemParser};
 use crate::session_diagnostics;
 use crate::session_diagnostics::IncorrectReprFormatGenericCause;
@@ -19,15 +19,15 @@ use crate::session_diagnostics::IncorrectReprFormatGenericCause;
 // FIXME(jdonszelmann): is a vec the right representation here even? isn't it just a struct?
 pub(crate) struct ReprParser;
 
-impl CombineAttributeParser for ReprParser {
+impl<S: Stage> CombineAttributeParser<S> for ReprParser {
     type Item = (ReprAttr, Span);
-    const PATH: &'static [Symbol] = &[sym::repr];
+    const PATH: &[Symbol] = &[sym::repr];
     const CONVERT: ConvertFn<Self::Item> = AttributeKind::Repr;
 
-    fn extend<'a>(
-        cx: &'a AcceptContext<'a>,
-        args: &'a ArgParser<'a>,
-    ) -> impl IntoIterator<Item = Self::Item> + 'a {
+    fn extend<'c>(
+        cx: &'c mut AcceptContext<'_, '_, S>,
+        args: &'c ArgParser<'_>,
+    ) -> impl IntoIterator<Item = Self::Item> + 'c {
         let mut reprs = Vec::new();
 
         let Some(list) = args.list() else {
@@ -91,7 +91,10 @@ fn int_type_of_word(s: Symbol) -> Option<IntType> {
     }
 }
 
-fn parse_repr(cx: &AcceptContext<'_>, param: &MetaItemParser<'_>) -> Option<ReprAttr> {
+fn parse_repr<S: Stage>(
+    cx: &AcceptContext<'_, '_, S>,
+    param: &MetaItemParser<'_>,
+) -> Option<ReprAttr> {
     use ReprAttr::*;
 
     // FIXME(jdonszelmann): invert the parsing here to match on the word first and then the
@@ -180,8 +183,8 @@ enum AlignKind {
     Align,
 }
 
-fn parse_repr_align(
-    cx: &AcceptContext<'_>,
+fn parse_repr_align<S: Stage>(
+    cx: &AcceptContext<'_, '_, S>,
     list: &MetaItemListParser<'_>,
     param_span: Span,
     align_kind: AlignKind,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/attributes/stability.rs b/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/attributes/stability.rs
index ce69a54513d..6589a51db2b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/attributes/stability.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/attributes/stability.rs
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ use rustc_errors::ErrorGuaranteed;
 use rustc_span::{Span, Symbol, sym};
 
 use super::util::parse_version;
-use super::{AcceptMapping, AttributeParser, SingleAttributeParser};
-use crate::context::{AcceptContext, FinalizeContext};
+use super::{AcceptMapping, AttributeOrder, AttributeParser, OnDuplicate, SingleAttributeParser};
+use crate::context::{AcceptContext, FinalizeContext, Stage};
 use crate::parser::{ArgParser, MetaItemParser};
 use crate::session_diagnostics::{self, UnsupportedLiteralReason};
 
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ pub(crate) struct StabilityParser {
 
 impl StabilityParser {
     /// Checks, and emits an error when a stability (or unstability) was already set, which would be a duplicate.
-    fn check_duplicate(&self, cx: &AcceptContext<'_>) -> bool {
+    fn check_duplicate<S: Stage>(&self, cx: &AcceptContext<'_, '_, S>) -> bool {
         if let Some((_, _)) = self.stability {
             cx.emit_err(session_diagnostics::MultipleStabilityLevels { span: cx.attr_span });
             true
@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ impl StabilityParser {
     }
 }
 
-impl AttributeParser for StabilityParser {
-    const ATTRIBUTES: AcceptMapping<Self> = &[
+impl<S: Stage> AttributeParser<S> for StabilityParser {
+    const ATTRIBUTES: AcceptMapping<Self, S> = &[
         (&[sym::stable], |this, cx, args| {
             reject_outside_std!(cx);
             if !this.check_duplicate(cx)
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ impl AttributeParser for StabilityParser {
         }),
     ];
 
-    fn finalize(mut self, cx: &FinalizeContext<'_>) -> Option<AttributeKind> {
+    fn finalize(mut self, cx: &FinalizeContext<'_, '_, S>) -> Option<AttributeKind> {
         if let Some(atum) = self.allowed_through_unstable_modules {
             if let Some((
                 Stability {
@@ -95,8 +95,8 @@ pub(crate) struct BodyStabilityParser {
     stability: Option<(DefaultBodyStability, Span)>,
 }
 
-impl AttributeParser for BodyStabilityParser {
-    const ATTRIBUTES: AcceptMapping<Self> =
+impl<S: Stage> AttributeParser<S> for BodyStabilityParser {
+    const ATTRIBUTES: AcceptMapping<Self, S> =
         &[(&[sym::rustc_default_body_unstable], |this, cx, args| {
             reject_outside_std!(cx);
             if this.stability.is_some() {
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ impl AttributeParser for BodyStabilityParser {
             }
         })];
 
-    fn finalize(self, _cx: &FinalizeContext<'_>) -> Option<AttributeKind> {
+    fn finalize(self, _cx: &FinalizeContext<'_, '_, S>) -> Option<AttributeKind> {
         let (stability, span) = self.stability?;
 
         Some(AttributeKind::BodyStability { stability, span })
@@ -116,13 +116,12 @@ impl AttributeParser for BodyStabilityParser {
 
 pub(crate) struct ConstStabilityIndirectParser;
 // FIXME(jdonszelmann): single word attribute group when we have these
-impl SingleAttributeParser for ConstStabilityIndirectParser {
-    const PATH: &'static [Symbol] = &[sym::rustc_const_stable_indirect];
+impl<S: Stage> SingleAttributeParser<S> for ConstStabilityIndirectParser {
+    const PATH: &[Symbol] = &[sym::rustc_const_stable_indirect];
+    const ATTRIBUTE_ORDER: AttributeOrder = AttributeOrder::KeepFirst;
+    const ON_DUPLICATE: OnDuplicate<S> = OnDuplicate::Ignore;
 
-    // ignore
-    fn on_duplicate(_cx: &AcceptContext<'_>, _first_span: Span) {}
-
-    fn convert(_cx: &AcceptContext<'_>, _args: &ArgParser<'_>) -> Option<AttributeKind> {
+    fn convert(_cx: &mut AcceptContext<'_, '_, S>, _args: &ArgParser<'_>) -> Option<AttributeKind> {
         Some(AttributeKind::ConstStabilityIndirect)
     }
 }
@@ -135,7 +134,7 @@ pub(crate) struct ConstStabilityParser {
 
 impl ConstStabilityParser {
     /// Checks, and emits an error when a stability (or unstability) was already set, which would be a duplicate.
-    fn check_duplicate(&self, cx: &AcceptContext<'_>) -> bool {
+    fn check_duplicate<S: Stage>(&self, cx: &AcceptContext<'_, '_, S>) -> bool {
         if let Some((_, _)) = self.stability {
             cx.emit_err(session_diagnostics::MultipleStabilityLevels { span: cx.attr_span });
             true
@@ -145,8 +144,8 @@ impl ConstStabilityParser {
     }
 }
 
-impl AttributeParser for ConstStabilityParser {
-    const ATTRIBUTES: AcceptMapping<Self> = &[
+impl<S: Stage> AttributeParser<S> for ConstStabilityParser {
+    const ATTRIBUTES: AcceptMapping<Self, S> = &[
         (&[sym::rustc_const_stable], |this, cx, args| {
             reject_outside_std!(cx);
 
@@ -176,7 +175,7 @@ impl AttributeParser for ConstStabilityParser {
         }),
     ];
 
-    fn finalize(mut self, cx: &FinalizeContext<'_>) -> Option<AttributeKind> {
+    fn finalize(mut self, cx: &FinalizeContext<'_, '_, S>) -> Option<AttributeKind> {
         if self.promotable {
             if let Some((ref mut stab, _)) = self.stability {
                 stab.promotable = true;
@@ -196,8 +195,8 @@ impl AttributeParser for ConstStabilityParser {
 ///
 /// Emits an error when either the option was already Some, or the arguments weren't of form
 /// `name = value`
-fn insert_value_into_option_or_error(
-    cx: &AcceptContext<'_>,
+fn insert_value_into_option_or_error<S: Stage>(
+    cx: &AcceptContext<'_, '_, S>,
     param: &MetaItemParser<'_>,
     item: &mut Option<Symbol>,
 ) -> Option<()> {
@@ -223,8 +222,8 @@ fn insert_value_into_option_or_error(
 
 /// Read the content of a `stable`/`rustc_const_stable` attribute, and return the feature name and
 /// its stability information.
-pub(crate) fn parse_stability(
-    cx: &AcceptContext<'_>,
+pub(crate) fn parse_stability<S: Stage>(
+    cx: &AcceptContext<'_, '_, S>,
     args: &ArgParser<'_>,
 ) -> Option<(Symbol, StabilityLevel)> {
     let mut feature = None;
@@ -289,8 +288,8 @@ pub(crate) fn parse_stability(
 
 // Read the content of a `unstable`/`rustc_const_unstable`/`rustc_default_body_unstable`
 /// attribute, and return the feature name and its stability information.
-pub(crate) fn parse_unstability(
-    cx: &AcceptContext<'_>,
+pub(crate) fn parse_unstability<S: Stage>(
+    cx: &AcceptContext<'_, '_, S>,
     args: &ArgParser<'_>,
 ) -> Option<(Symbol, StabilityLevel)> {
     let mut feature = None;
@@ -299,6 +298,7 @@ pub(crate) fn parse_unstability(
     let mut issue_num = None;
     let mut is_soft = false;
     let mut implied_by = None;
+    let mut old_name = None;
     for param in args.list()?.mixed() {
         let Some(param) = param.meta_item() else {
             cx.emit_err(session_diagnostics::UnsupportedLiteral {
@@ -346,11 +346,12 @@ pub(crate) fn parse_unstability(
             Some(sym::implied_by) => {
                 insert_value_into_option_or_error(cx, &param, &mut implied_by)?
             }
+            Some(sym::old_name) => insert_value_into_option_or_error(cx, &param, &mut old_name)?,
             _ => {
                 cx.emit_err(session_diagnostics::UnknownMetaItem {
                     span: param.span(),
                     item: param.path().to_string(),
-                    expected: &["feature", "reason", "issue", "soft", "implied_by"],
+                    expected: &["feature", "reason", "issue", "soft", "implied_by", "old_name"],
                 });
                 return None;
             }
@@ -375,6 +376,7 @@ pub(crate) fn parse_unstability(
                 issue: issue_num,
                 is_soft,
                 implied_by,
+                old_name,
             };
             Some((feature, level))
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/attributes/transparency.rs b/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/attributes/transparency.rs
index d229fc09740..16ad9d03e50 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/attributes/transparency.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/attributes/transparency.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 use rustc_attr_data_structures::AttributeKind;
 use rustc_span::hygiene::Transparency;
-use rustc_span::{Span, Symbol, sym};
+use rustc_span::{Symbol, sym};
 
-use super::{AcceptContext, SingleAttributeParser};
+use super::{AttributeOrder, OnDuplicate, SingleAttributeParser};
+use crate::context::{AcceptContext, Stage};
 use crate::parser::ArgParser;
 
 pub(crate) struct TransparencyParser;
@@ -10,14 +11,14 @@ pub(crate) struct TransparencyParser;
 // FIXME(jdonszelmann): make these proper diagnostics
 #[allow(rustc::untranslatable_diagnostic)]
 #[allow(rustc::diagnostic_outside_of_impl)]
-impl SingleAttributeParser for TransparencyParser {
-    const PATH: &'static [Symbol] = &[sym::rustc_macro_transparency];
+impl<S: Stage> SingleAttributeParser<S> for TransparencyParser {
+    const PATH: &[Symbol] = &[sym::rustc_macro_transparency];
+    const ATTRIBUTE_ORDER: AttributeOrder = AttributeOrder::KeepFirst;
+    const ON_DUPLICATE: OnDuplicate<S> = OnDuplicate::Custom(|cx, used, unused| {
+        cx.dcx().span_err(vec![used, unused], "multiple macro transparency attributes");
+    });
 
-    fn on_duplicate(cx: &crate::context::AcceptContext<'_>, first_span: Span) {
-        cx.dcx().span_err(vec![first_span, cx.attr_span], "multiple macro transparency attributes");
-    }
-
-    fn convert(cx: &AcceptContext<'_>, args: &ArgParser<'_>) -> Option<AttributeKind> {
+    fn convert(cx: &mut AcceptContext<'_, '_, S>, args: &ArgParser<'_>) -> Option<AttributeKind> {
         match args.name_value().and_then(|nv| nv.value_as_str()) {
             Some(sym::transparent) => Some(Transparency::Transparent),
             Some(sym::semiopaque | sym::semitransparent) => Some(Transparency::SemiOpaque),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/context.rs b/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/context.rs
index c02760d830c..47f72232828 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/context.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/context.rs
@@ -1,13 +1,17 @@
 use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
-use std::ops::Deref;
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
+use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
 use std::sync::LazyLock;
 
+use private::Sealed;
 use rustc_ast as ast;
+use rustc_ast::NodeId;
 use rustc_attr_data_structures::AttributeKind;
+use rustc_attr_data_structures::lints::{AttributeLint, AttributeLintKind};
 use rustc_errors::{DiagCtxtHandle, Diagnostic};
 use rustc_feature::Features;
-use rustc_hir::{AttrArgs, AttrItem, AttrPath, Attribute, HashIgnoredAttrId};
+use rustc_hir::{AttrArgs, AttrItem, AttrPath, Attribute, HashIgnoredAttrId, HirId};
 use rustc_session::Session;
 use rustc_span::{DUMMY_SP, ErrorGuaranteed, Span, Symbol, sym};
 
@@ -22,20 +26,40 @@ use crate::attributes::transparency::TransparencyParser;
 use crate::attributes::{AttributeParser as _, Combine, Single};
 use crate::parser::{ArgParser, MetaItemParser};
 
-macro_rules! attribute_groups {
+macro_rules! group_type {
+    ($stage: ty) => {
+         LazyLock<(
+            BTreeMap<&'static [Symbol], Box<dyn for<'sess, 'a> Fn(&mut AcceptContext<'_, 'sess, $stage>, &ArgParser<'a>) + Send + Sync>>,
+            Vec<Box<dyn Send + Sync + Fn(&mut FinalizeContext<'_, '_, $stage>) -> Option<AttributeKind>>>
+        )>
+    };
+}
+
+macro_rules! attribute_parsers {
     (
         pub(crate) static $name: ident = [$($names: ty),* $(,)?];
     ) => {
-        type Accepts = BTreeMap<
-            &'static [Symbol],
-            Box<dyn Send + Sync + Fn(&AcceptContext<'_>, &ArgParser<'_>)>
-        >;
-        type Finalizes = Vec<
-            Box<dyn Send + Sync + Fn(&FinalizeContext<'_>) -> Option<AttributeKind>>
-        >;
-        pub(crate) static $name: LazyLock<(Accepts, Finalizes)> = LazyLock::new(|| {
-            let mut accepts = Accepts::new();
-            let mut finalizes = Finalizes::new();
+        mod early {
+            use super::*;
+            type Combine<T> = super::Combine<T, Early>;
+            type Single<T> = super::Single<T, Early>;
+
+            attribute_parsers!(@[Early] pub(crate) static $name = [$($names),*];);
+        }
+        mod late {
+            use super::*;
+            type Combine<T> = super::Combine<T, Late>;
+            type Single<T> = super::Single<T, Late>;
+
+            attribute_parsers!(@[Late] pub(crate) static $name = [$($names),*];);
+        }
+    };
+    (
+        @[$ty: ty] pub(crate) static $name: ident = [$($names: ty),* $(,)?];
+    ) => {
+        pub(crate) static $name: group_type!($ty) = LazyLock::new(|| {
+            let mut accepts = BTreeMap::<_, Box<dyn for<'sess, 'a> Fn(&mut AcceptContext<'_, 'sess, $ty>, &ArgParser<'a>) + Send + Sync>>::new();
+            let mut finalizes = Vec::<Box<dyn Send + Sync + Fn(&mut FinalizeContext<'_, '_, $ty>) -> Option<AttributeKind>>>::new();
             $(
                 {
                     thread_local! {
@@ -62,9 +86,8 @@ macro_rules! attribute_groups {
         });
     };
 }
-
-attribute_groups!(
-    pub(crate) static ATTRIBUTE_MAPPING = [
+attribute_parsers!(
+    pub(crate) static ATTRIBUTE_PARSERS = [
         // tidy-alphabetical-start
         BodyStabilityParser,
         ConfusablesParser,
@@ -86,30 +109,84 @@ attribute_groups!(
     ];
 );
 
+mod private {
+    pub trait Sealed {}
+    impl Sealed for super::Early {}
+    impl Sealed for super::Late {}
+}
+
+// allow because it's a sealed trait
+#[allow(private_interfaces)]
+pub trait Stage: Sized + 'static + Sealed {
+    type Id: Copy;
+
+    fn parsers() -> &'static group_type!(Self);
+
+    fn emit_err<'sess>(sess: &'sess Session, diag: impl for<'x> Diagnostic<'x>) -> ErrorGuaranteed;
+}
+
+// allow because it's a sealed trait
+#[allow(private_interfaces)]
+impl Stage for Early {
+    type Id = NodeId;
+
+    fn parsers() -> &'static group_type!(Self) {
+        &early::ATTRIBUTE_PARSERS
+    }
+    fn emit_err<'sess>(sess: &'sess Session, diag: impl for<'x> Diagnostic<'x>) -> ErrorGuaranteed {
+        sess.dcx().create_err(diag).delay_as_bug()
+    }
+}
+
+// allow because it's a sealed trait
+#[allow(private_interfaces)]
+impl Stage for Late {
+    type Id = HirId;
+
+    fn parsers() -> &'static group_type!(Self) {
+        &late::ATTRIBUTE_PARSERS
+    }
+    fn emit_err<'sess>(tcx: &'sess Session, diag: impl for<'x> Diagnostic<'x>) -> ErrorGuaranteed {
+        tcx.dcx().emit_err(diag)
+    }
+}
+
+/// used when parsing attributes for miscelaneous things *before* ast lowering
+pub struct Early;
+/// used when parsing attributes during ast lowering
+pub struct Late;
+
 /// Context given to every attribute parser when accepting
 ///
 /// Gives [`AttributeParser`]s enough information to create errors, for example.
-pub(crate) struct AcceptContext<'a> {
-    pub(crate) group_cx: &'a FinalizeContext<'a>,
+pub(crate) struct AcceptContext<'f, 'sess, S: Stage> {
+    pub(crate) finalize_cx: FinalizeContext<'f, 'sess, S>,
     /// The span of the attribute currently being parsed
     pub(crate) attr_span: Span,
 }
 
-impl<'a> AcceptContext<'a> {
-    pub(crate) fn emit_err(&self, diag: impl Diagnostic<'a>) -> ErrorGuaranteed {
-        if self.limit_diagnostics {
-            self.dcx().create_err(diag).delay_as_bug()
-        } else {
-            self.dcx().emit_err(diag)
-        }
+impl<'f, 'sess: 'f, S: Stage> AcceptContext<'f, 'sess, S> {
+    pub(crate) fn emit_err(&self, diag: impl for<'x> Diagnostic<'x>) -> ErrorGuaranteed {
+        S::emit_err(&self.sess, diag)
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn emit_lint(&mut self, lint: AttributeLintKind, span: Span) {
+        let id = self.target_id;
+        (self.emit_lint)(AttributeLint { id, span, kind: lint });
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a> Deref for AcceptContext<'a> {
-    type Target = FinalizeContext<'a>;
+impl<'f, 'sess, S: Stage> Deref for AcceptContext<'f, 'sess, S> {
+    type Target = FinalizeContext<'f, 'sess, S>;
 
     fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
-        &self.group_cx
+        &self.finalize_cx
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'f, 'sess, S: Stage> DerefMut for AcceptContext<'f, 'sess, S> {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
+        &mut self.finalize_cx
     }
 }
 
@@ -117,19 +194,29 @@ impl<'a> Deref for AcceptContext<'a> {
 ///
 /// Gives [`AttributeParser`](crate::attributes::AttributeParser)s enough information to create
 /// errors, for example.
-pub(crate) struct FinalizeContext<'a> {
+pub(crate) struct FinalizeContext<'p, 'sess, S: Stage> {
     /// The parse context, gives access to the session and the
     /// diagnostics context.
-    pub(crate) cx: &'a AttributeParser<'a>,
+    pub(crate) cx: &'p mut AttributeParser<'sess, S>,
     /// The span of the syntactical component this attribute was applied to
     pub(crate) target_span: Span,
+    /// The id ([`NodeId`] if `S` is `Early`, [`HirId`] if `S` is `Late`) of the syntactical component this attribute was applied to
+    pub(crate) target_id: S::Id,
+
+    pub(crate) emit_lint: &'p mut dyn FnMut(AttributeLint<S::Id>),
 }
 
-impl<'a> Deref for FinalizeContext<'a> {
-    type Target = AttributeParser<'a>;
+impl<'p, 'sess: 'p, S: Stage> Deref for FinalizeContext<'p, 'sess, S> {
+    type Target = AttributeParser<'sess, S>;
 
     fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
-        &self.cx
+        self.cx
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'p, 'sess: 'p, S: Stage> DerefMut for FinalizeContext<'p, 'sess, S> {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
+        self.cx
     }
 }
 
@@ -141,23 +228,20 @@ pub enum OmitDoc {
 
 /// Context created once, for example as part of the ast lowering
 /// context, through which all attributes can be lowered.
-pub struct AttributeParser<'sess> {
+pub struct AttributeParser<'sess, S: Stage = Late> {
     #[expect(dead_code)] // FIXME(jdonszelmann): needed later to verify we parsed all attributes
     tools: Vec<Symbol>,
-    sess: &'sess Session,
     features: Option<&'sess Features>,
+    sess: &'sess Session,
+    stage: PhantomData<S>,
 
     /// *Only* parse attributes with this symbol.
     ///
     /// Used in cases where we want the lowering infrastructure for parse just a single attribute.
     parse_only: Option<Symbol>,
-
-    /// Can be used to instruct parsers to reduce the number of diagnostics it emits.
-    /// Useful when using `parse_limited` and you know the attr will be reparsed later.
-    pub(crate) limit_diagnostics: bool,
 }
 
-impl<'sess> AttributeParser<'sess> {
+impl<'sess> AttributeParser<'sess, Early> {
     /// This method allows you to parse attributes *before* you have access to features or tools.
     /// One example where this is necessary, is to parse `feature` attributes themselves for
     /// example.
@@ -168,33 +252,53 @@ impl<'sess> AttributeParser<'sess> {
     ///
     /// To make sure use is limited, supply a `Symbol` you'd like to parse. Only attributes with
     /// that symbol are picked out of the list of instructions and parsed. Those are returned.
+    ///
+    /// No diagnostics will be emitted when parsing limited. Lints are not emitted at all, while
+    /// errors will be emitted as a delayed bugs. in other words, we *expect* attributes parsed
+    /// with `parse_limited` to be reparsed later during ast lowering where we *do* emit the errors
     pub fn parse_limited(
         sess: &'sess Session,
         attrs: &[ast::Attribute],
         sym: Symbol,
         target_span: Span,
-        limit_diagnostics: bool,
+        target_node_id: NodeId,
     ) -> Option<Attribute> {
-        let mut parsed = Self {
-            sess,
+        let mut p = Self {
             features: None,
             tools: Vec::new(),
             parse_only: Some(sym),
-            limit_diagnostics,
-        }
-        .parse_attribute_list(attrs, target_span, OmitDoc::Skip, std::convert::identity);
-
+            sess,
+            stage: PhantomData,
+        };
+        let mut parsed = p.parse_attribute_list(
+            attrs,
+            target_span,
+            target_node_id,
+            OmitDoc::Skip,
+            std::convert::identity,
+            |_lint| {
+                panic!("can't emit lints here for now (nothing uses this atm)");
+            },
+        );
         assert!(parsed.len() <= 1);
 
         parsed.pop()
     }
 
+    pub fn new_early(sess: &'sess Session, features: &'sess Features, tools: Vec<Symbol>) -> Self {
+        Self { features: Some(features), tools, parse_only: None, sess, stage: PhantomData }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'sess> AttributeParser<'sess, Late> {
     pub fn new(sess: &'sess Session, features: &'sess Features, tools: Vec<Symbol>) -> Self {
-        Self { sess, features: Some(features), tools, parse_only: None, limit_diagnostics: false }
+        Self { features: Some(features), tools, parse_only: None, sess, stage: PhantomData }
     }
+}
 
+impl<'sess, S: Stage> AttributeParser<'sess, S> {
     pub(crate) fn sess(&self) -> &'sess Session {
-        self.sess
+        &self.sess
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn features(&self) -> &'sess Features {
@@ -202,25 +306,25 @@ impl<'sess> AttributeParser<'sess> {
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn dcx(&self) -> DiagCtxtHandle<'sess> {
-        self.sess.dcx()
+        self.sess().dcx()
     }
 
     /// Parse a list of attributes.
     ///
     /// `target_span` is the span of the thing this list of attributes is applied to,
     /// and when `omit_doc` is set, doc attributes are filtered out.
-    pub fn parse_attribute_list<'a>(
-        &'a self,
-        attrs: &'a [ast::Attribute],
+    pub fn parse_attribute_list(
+        &mut self,
+        attrs: &[ast::Attribute],
         target_span: Span,
+        target_id: S::Id,
         omit_doc: OmitDoc,
 
         lower_span: impl Copy + Fn(Span) -> Span,
+        mut emit_lint: impl FnMut(AttributeLint<S::Id>),
     ) -> Vec<Attribute> {
         let mut attributes = Vec::new();
 
-        let group_cx = FinalizeContext { cx: self, target_span };
-
         for attr in attrs {
             // If we're only looking for a single attribute, skip all the ones we don't care about.
             if let Some(expected) = self.parse_only {
@@ -268,11 +372,18 @@ impl<'sess> AttributeParser<'sess> {
                     let args = parser.args();
                     let parts = path.segments().map(|i| i.name).collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
-                    if let Some(accept) = ATTRIBUTE_MAPPING.0.get(parts.as_slice()) {
-                        let cx =
-                            AcceptContext { group_cx: &group_cx, attr_span: lower_span(attr.span) };
-
-                        accept(&cx, &args)
+                    if let Some(accept) = S::parsers().0.get(parts.as_slice()) {
+                        let mut cx: AcceptContext<'_, 'sess, S> = AcceptContext {
+                            finalize_cx: FinalizeContext {
+                                cx: self,
+                                target_span,
+                                target_id,
+                                emit_lint: &mut emit_lint,
+                            },
+                            attr_span: lower_span(attr.span),
+                        };
+
+                        accept(&mut cx, args)
                     } else {
                         // If we're here, we must be compiling a tool attribute... Or someone
                         // forgot to parse their fancy new attribute. Let's warn them in any case.
@@ -302,8 +413,13 @@ impl<'sess> AttributeParser<'sess> {
         }
 
         let mut parsed_attributes = Vec::new();
-        for f in &ATTRIBUTE_MAPPING.1 {
-            if let Some(attr) = f(&group_cx) {
+        for f in &S::parsers().1 {
+            if let Some(attr) = f(&mut FinalizeContext {
+                cx: self,
+                target_span,
+                target_id,
+                emit_lint: &mut emit_lint,
+            }) {
                 parsed_attributes.push(Attribute::Parsed(attr));
             }
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/lib.rs
index 15037e802ff..47eeb63bad3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/lib.rs
@@ -85,7 +85,8 @@
 
 #[macro_use]
 mod attributes;
-mod context;
+pub(crate) mod context;
+mod lints;
 pub mod parser;
 mod session_diagnostics;
 
@@ -93,6 +94,7 @@ pub use attributes::cfg::*;
 pub use attributes::util::{
     find_crate_name, is_builtin_attr, is_doc_alias_attrs_contain_symbol, parse_version,
 };
-pub use context::{AttributeParser, OmitDoc};
+pub use context::{AttributeParser, Early, Late, OmitDoc};
+pub use lints::emit_attribute_lint;
 
 rustc_fluent_macro::fluent_messages! { "../messages.ftl" }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/lints.rs b/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/lints.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d0d112446b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/lints.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+use rustc_attr_data_structures::lints::{AttributeLint, AttributeLintKind};
+use rustc_errors::LintEmitter;
+use rustc_hir::HirId;
+
+use crate::session_diagnostics;
+
+pub fn emit_attribute_lint<L: LintEmitter>(lint: &AttributeLint<HirId>, lint_emitter: L) {
+    let AttributeLint { id, span, kind } = lint;
+
+    match kind {
+        &AttributeLintKind::UnusedDuplicate { this, other, warning } => lint_emitter
+            .emit_node_span_lint(
+                rustc_session::lint::builtin::UNUSED_ATTRIBUTES,
+                *id,
+                *span,
+                session_diagnostics::UnusedDuplicate { this, other, warning },
+            ),
+    }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/parser.rs b/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/parser.rs
index e10e3b511db..1edbe3a9d27 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/parser.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/parser.rs
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ impl<'a> ArgParser<'a> {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn from_attr_args(value: &'a AttrArgs, dcx: DiagCtxtHandle<'a>) -> Self {
+    pub fn from_attr_args<'sess>(value: &'a AttrArgs, dcx: DiagCtxtHandle<'sess>) -> Self {
         match value {
             AttrArgs::Empty => Self::NoArgs,
             AttrArgs::Delimited(args) if args.delim == Delimiter::Parenthesis => {
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ impl<'a> Debug for MetaItemParser<'a> {
 impl<'a> MetaItemParser<'a> {
     /// Create a new parser from a [`NormalAttr`], which is stored inside of any
     /// [`ast::Attribute`](rustc_ast::Attribute)
-    pub fn from_attr(attr: &'a NormalAttr, dcx: DiagCtxtHandle<'a>) -> Self {
+    pub fn from_attr<'sess>(attr: &'a NormalAttr, dcx: DiagCtxtHandle<'sess>) -> Self {
         Self {
             path: PathParser::Ast(&attr.item.path),
             args: ArgParser::from_attr_args(&attr.item.args, dcx),
@@ -320,13 +320,13 @@ fn expr_to_lit(dcx: DiagCtxtHandle<'_>, expr: &Expr, span: Span) -> MetaItemLit
     }
 }
 
-struct MetaItemListParserContext<'a> {
+struct MetaItemListParserContext<'a, 'sess> {
     // the tokens inside the delimiters, so `#[some::attr(a b c)]` would have `a b c` inside
     inside_delimiters: Peekable<TokenStreamIter<'a>>,
-    dcx: DiagCtxtHandle<'a>,
+    dcx: DiagCtxtHandle<'sess>,
 }
 
-impl<'a> MetaItemListParserContext<'a> {
+impl<'a, 'sess> MetaItemListParserContext<'a, 'sess> {
     fn done(&mut self) -> bool {
         self.inside_delimiters.peek().is_none()
     }
@@ -507,11 +507,11 @@ pub struct MetaItemListParser<'a> {
 }
 
 impl<'a> MetaItemListParser<'a> {
-    fn new(delim: &'a DelimArgs, dcx: DiagCtxtHandle<'a>) -> MetaItemListParser<'a> {
+    fn new<'sess>(delim: &'a DelimArgs, dcx: DiagCtxtHandle<'sess>) -> Self {
         MetaItemListParser::new_tts(delim.tokens.iter(), delim.dspan.entire(), dcx)
     }
 
-    fn new_tts(tts: TokenStreamIter<'a>, span: Span, dcx: DiagCtxtHandle<'a>) -> Self {
+    fn new_tts<'sess>(tts: TokenStreamIter<'a>, span: Span, dcx: DiagCtxtHandle<'sess>) -> Self {
         MetaItemListParserContext { inside_delimiters: tts.peekable(), dcx }.parse(span)
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/session_diagnostics.rs b/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/session_diagnostics.rs
index 2c434175b4b..7f847d3dd4c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/session_diagnostics.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/session_diagnostics.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use std::num::IntErrorKind;
 use rustc_ast as ast;
 use rustc_errors::codes::*;
 use rustc_errors::{Applicability, Diag, DiagCtxtHandle, Diagnostic, EmissionGuarantee, Level};
-use rustc_macros::{Diagnostic, Subdiagnostic};
+use rustc_macros::{Diagnostic, LintDiagnostic, Subdiagnostic};
 use rustc_span::{Span, Symbol};
 
 use crate::fluent_generated as fluent;
@@ -451,6 +451,17 @@ pub(crate) struct UnusedMultiple {
     pub name: Symbol,
 }
 
+#[derive(LintDiagnostic)]
+#[diag(attr_parsing_unused_duplicate)]
+pub(crate) struct UnusedDuplicate {
+    #[suggestion(code = "", applicability = "machine-applicable")]
+    pub this: Span,
+    #[note]
+    pub other: Span,
+    #[warning]
+    pub warning: bool,
+}
+
 #[derive(Diagnostic)]
 #[diag(attr_parsing_stability_outside_std, code = E0734)]
 pub(crate) struct StabilityOutsideStd {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/conflict_errors.rs b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/conflict_errors.rs
index 1b4bb11d87b..34d36849939 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/conflict_errors.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/conflict_errors.rs
@@ -3229,8 +3229,20 @@ impl<'infcx, 'tcx> MirBorrowckCtxt<'_, 'infcx, 'tcx> {
                                     Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
                                 );
                             }
+
+                            let mutability = if matches!(borrow.kind(), BorrowKind::Mut { .. }) {
+                                "mut "
+                            } else {
+                                ""
+                            };
+
                             if !is_format_arguments_item {
-                                let addition = format!("let binding = {};\n{}", s, " ".repeat(p));
+                                let addition = format!(
+                                    "let {}binding = {};\n{}",
+                                    mutability,
+                                    s,
+                                    " ".repeat(p)
+                                );
                                 err.multipart_suggestion_verbose(
                                     msg,
                                     vec![
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/constraint_conversion.rs b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/constraint_conversion.rs
index a1c74672157..0a114467f43 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/constraint_conversion.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/constraint_conversion.rs
@@ -141,8 +141,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ConstraintConversion<'a, 'tcx> {
             }
 
             if !tcx.recursion_limit().value_within_limit(iteration) {
+                // This may actually be reachable. If so, we should convert
+                // this to a proper error/consider whether we should detect
+                // this somewhere else.
                 bug!(
-                    "FIXME(-Znext-solver): Overflowed when processing region obligations: {outlives_predicates:#?}"
+                    "unexpected overflowed when processing region obligations: {outlives_predicates:#?}"
                 );
             }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/mod.rs
index 4f75dd7e992..9b6dcfd17c6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/mod.rs
@@ -373,8 +373,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeChecker<'a, 'tcx> {
     }
 
     fn unsized_feature_enabled(&self) -> bool {
-        let features = self.tcx().features();
-        features.unsized_locals() || features.unsized_fn_params()
+        self.tcx().features().unsized_fn_params()
     }
 
     /// Equate the inferred type and the annotated type for user type annotations
@@ -957,7 +956,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for TypeChecker<'a, 'tcx> {
             }
         }
 
-        // When `unsized_fn_params` or `unsized_locals` is enabled, only function calls
+        // When `unsized_fn_params` is enabled, only function calls
         // and nullary ops are checked in `check_call_dest`.
         if !self.unsized_feature_enabled() {
             match self.body.local_kind(local) {
@@ -1941,7 +1940,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeChecker<'a, 'tcx> {
                     );
                 }
 
-                // When `unsized_fn_params` and `unsized_locals` are both not enabled,
+                // When `unsized_fn_params` is not enabled,
                 // this check is done at `check_local`.
                 if self.unsized_feature_enabled() {
                     let span = term.source_info.span;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/generic/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/generic/mod.rs
index 6dd3adf750d..d642851bb77 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/generic/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/generic/mod.rs
@@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ impl<'a> TraitDef<'a> {
         match item {
             Annotatable::Item(item) => {
                 let is_packed = matches!(
-                    AttributeParser::parse_limited(cx.sess, &item.attrs, sym::repr, item.span, true),
+                    AttributeParser::parse_limited(cx.sess, &item.attrs, sym::repr, item.span, item.id),
                     Some(Attribute::Parsed(AttributeKind::Repr(r))) if r.iter().any(|(x, _)| matches!(x, ReprPacked(..)))
                 );
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/example/arbitrary_self_types_pointers_and_wrappers.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/example/arbitrary_self_types_pointers_and_wrappers.rs
index 5479b0c617b..f0d1f6e2215 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/example/arbitrary_self_types_pointers_and_wrappers.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/example/arbitrary_self_types_pointers_and_wrappers.rs
@@ -32,10 +32,6 @@ impl<T: CoerceUnsized<U>, U> CoerceUnsized<Wrapper<U>> for Wrapper<T> {}
 impl<T: DispatchFromDyn<U>, U> DispatchFromDyn<Wrapper<U>> for Wrapper<T> {}
 
 trait Trait {
-    // This method isn't object-safe yet. Unsized by-value `self` is object-safe (but not callable
-    // without unsized_locals), but wrappers around `Self` currently are not.
-    // FIXME (mikeyhew) uncomment this when unsized rvalues object-safety is implemented
-    // fn wrapper(self: Wrapper<Self>) -> i32;
     fn ptr_wrapper(self: Ptr<Wrapper<Self>>) -> i32;
     fn wrapper_ptr(self: Wrapper<Ptr<Self>>) -> i32;
     fn wrapper_ptr_wrapper(self: Wrapper<Ptr<Wrapper<Self>>>) -> i32;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/example/mini_core.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/example/mini_core.rs
index 1dc799c0aee..012e4dbc3ec 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/example/mini_core.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/example/mini_core.rs
@@ -644,9 +644,9 @@ pub mod intrinsics {
     #[rustc_intrinsic]
     pub unsafe fn size_of_val<T: ?::Sized>(val: *const T) -> usize;
     #[rustc_intrinsic]
-    pub fn min_align_of<T>() -> usize;
+    pub fn align_of<T>() -> usize;
     #[rustc_intrinsic]
-    pub unsafe fn min_align_of_val<T: ?::Sized>(val: *const T) -> usize;
+    pub unsafe fn align_of_val<T: ?::Sized>(val: *const T) -> usize;
     #[rustc_intrinsic]
     pub unsafe fn copy<T>(src: *const T, dst: *mut T, count: usize);
     #[rustc_intrinsic]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/example/mini_core_hello_world.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/example/mini_core_hello_world.rs
index 93ca2e0e421..1499f948deb 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/example/mini_core_hello_world.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/example/mini_core_hello_world.rs
@@ -204,11 +204,8 @@ fn main() {
         assert_eq!(intrinsics::size_of_val(a) as u8, 16);
         assert_eq!(intrinsics::size_of_val(&0u32) as u8, 4);
 
-        assert_eq!(intrinsics::min_align_of::<u16>() as u8, 2);
-        assert_eq!(
-            intrinsics::min_align_of_val(&a) as u8,
-            intrinsics::min_align_of::<&str>() as u8
-        );
+        assert_eq!(intrinsics::align_of::<u16>() as u8, 2);
+        assert_eq!(intrinsics::align_of_val(&a) as u8, intrinsics::align_of::<&str>() as u8);
 
         assert!(!intrinsics::needs_drop::<u8>());
         assert!(!intrinsics::needs_drop::<[u8]>());
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/abi/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/abi/mod.rs
index fe5b220117f..4c6fd907815 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/abi/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/abi/mod.rs
@@ -51,6 +51,11 @@ pub(crate) fn conv_to_call_conv(
         CanonAbi::Rust | CanonAbi::C => default_call_conv,
         CanonAbi::RustCold => CallConv::Cold,
 
+        // Functions with this calling convention can only be called from assembly, but it is
+        // possible to declare an `extern "custom"` block, so the backend still needs a calling
+        // convention for declaring foreign functions.
+        CanonAbi::Custom => default_call_conv,
+
         CanonAbi::X86(x86_call) => match x86_call {
             X86Call::SysV64 => CallConv::SystemV,
             X86Call::Win64 => CallConv::WindowsFastcall,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/intrinsics/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/intrinsics/mod.rs
index 1d1cf884e48..df5748c34d1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/intrinsics/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/intrinsics/mod.rs
@@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ fn codegen_regular_intrinsic_call<'tcx>(
             let (size, _align) = crate::unsize::size_and_align_of(fx, layout, meta);
             ret.write_cvalue(fx, CValue::by_val(size, usize_layout));
         }
-        sym::min_align_of_val => {
+        sym::align_of_val => {
             intrinsic_args!(fx, args => (ptr); intrinsic);
 
             let layout = fx.layout_of(generic_args.type_at(0));
@@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ fn codegen_regular_intrinsic_call<'tcx>(
             intrinsic_args!(fx, args => (vtable); intrinsic);
             let vtable = vtable.load_scalar(fx);
 
-            let align = crate::vtable::min_align_of_obj(fx, vtable);
+            let align = crate::vtable::align_of_obj(fx, vtable);
             ret.write_cvalue(fx, CValue::by_val(align, usize_layout));
         }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/unsize.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/unsize.rs
index 662546e4999..df60b05c463 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/unsize.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/unsize.rs
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ pub(crate) fn size_and_align_of<'tcx>(
             // load size/align from vtable
             (
                 crate::vtable::size_of_obj(fx, info.unwrap()),
-                crate::vtable::min_align_of_obj(fx, info.unwrap()),
+                crate::vtable::align_of_obj(fx, info.unwrap()),
             )
         }
         ty::Slice(_) | ty::Str => {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/vtable.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/vtable.rs
index 05a8e3c3342..1fae56949bc 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/vtable.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/vtable.rs
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ pub(crate) fn size_of_obj(fx: &mut FunctionCx<'_, '_, '_>, vtable: Value) -> Val
     )
 }
 
-pub(crate) fn min_align_of_obj(fx: &mut FunctionCx<'_, '_, '_>, vtable: Value) -> Value {
+pub(crate) fn align_of_obj(fx: &mut FunctionCx<'_, '_, '_>, vtable: Value) -> Value {
     let usize_size = fx.layout_of(fx.tcx.types.usize).size.bytes() as usize;
     fx.bcx.ins().load(
         fx.pointer_type,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/build_system/build_sysroot/Cargo.toml b/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/build_system/build_sysroot/Cargo.toml
index 24152070e64..931f6097abc 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/build_system/build_sysroot/Cargo.toml
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/build_system/build_sysroot/Cargo.toml
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ resolver = "2"
 
 [dependencies]
 core = { path = "./sysroot_src/library/core" }
-compiler_builtins = "0.1"
 alloc = { path = "./sysroot_src/library/alloc" }
 std = { path = "./sysroot_src/library/std", features = ["panic_unwind", "backtrace"] }
 test = { path = "./sysroot_src/library/test" }
@@ -16,6 +15,7 @@ proc_macro = { path = "./sysroot_src/library/proc_macro" }
 rustc-std-workspace-core = { path = "./sysroot_src/library/rustc-std-workspace-core" }
 rustc-std-workspace-alloc = { path = "./sysroot_src/library/rustc-std-workspace-alloc" }
 rustc-std-workspace-std = { path = "./sysroot_src/library/rustc-std-workspace-std" }
+compiler_builtins = { path = "./sysroot_src/library/compiler-builtins/compiler-builtins" }
 
 # For compiler-builtins we always use a high number of codegen units.
 # The goal here is to place every single intrinsic into its own object
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/example/arbitrary_self_types_pointers_and_wrappers.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/example/arbitrary_self_types_pointers_and_wrappers.rs
index b299aa87974..c26606f0bdd 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/example/arbitrary_self_types_pointers_and_wrappers.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/example/arbitrary_self_types_pointers_and_wrappers.rs
@@ -37,10 +37,6 @@ impl<T: DispatchFromDyn<U>, U> DispatchFromDyn<Wrapper<U>> for Wrapper<T> {}
 
 
 trait Trait {
-    // This method isn't object-safe yet. Unsized by-value `self` is object-safe (but not callable
-    // without unsized_locals), but wrappers around `Self` currently are not.
-    // FIXME (mikeyhew) uncomment this when unsized rvalues object-safety is implemented
-    // fn wrapper(self: Wrapper<Self>) -> i32;
     fn ptr_wrapper(self: Ptr<Wrapper<Self>>) -> i32;
     fn wrapper_ptr(self: Wrapper<Ptr<Self>>) -> i32;
     fn wrapper_ptr_wrapper(self: Wrapper<Ptr<Wrapper<Self>>>) -> i32;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/example/mini_core.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/example/mini_core.rs
index d1d8e8fd5bc..aca1f0080ef 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/example/mini_core.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/example/mini_core.rs
@@ -655,9 +655,9 @@ pub mod intrinsics {
     #[rustc_intrinsic]
     pub unsafe fn size_of_val<T: ?::Sized>(val: *const T) -> usize;
     #[rustc_intrinsic]
-    pub fn min_align_of<T>() -> usize;
+    pub fn align_of<T>() -> usize;
     #[rustc_intrinsic]
-    pub unsafe fn min_align_of_val<T: ?::Sized>(val: *const T) -> usize;
+    pub unsafe fn align_of_val<T: ?::Sized>(val: *const T) -> usize;
     #[rustc_intrinsic]
     pub unsafe fn copy<T>(src: *const T, dst: *mut T, count: usize);
     #[rustc_intrinsic]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/example/mini_core_hello_world.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/example/mini_core_hello_world.rs
index 4cbe66c5e4c..c3bd62e5897 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/example/mini_core_hello_world.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/example/mini_core_hello_world.rs
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ fn main() {
     let slice = &[0, 1] as &[i32];
     let slice_ptr = slice as *const [i32] as *const i32;
 
-    let align = intrinsics::min_align_of::<*const i32>();
+    let align = intrinsics::align_of::<*const i32>();
     assert_eq!(slice_ptr as usize % align, 0);
 
     //return;
@@ -194,8 +194,8 @@ fn main() {
         assert_eq!(intrinsics::size_of_val(a) as u8, 8);
         assert_eq!(intrinsics::size_of_val(&0u32) as u8, 4);
 
-        assert_eq!(intrinsics::min_align_of::<u16>() as u8, 2);
-        assert_eq!(intrinsics::min_align_of_val(&a) as u8, intrinsics::min_align_of::<&str>() as u8);
+        assert_eq!(intrinsics::align_of::<u16>() as u8, 2);
+        assert_eq!(intrinsics::align_of_val(&a) as u8, intrinsics::align_of::<&str>() as u8);
 
         assert!(!intrinsics::needs_drop::<u8>());
         assert!(!intrinsics::needs_drop::<[u8]>());
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/messages.ftl
index 546bfc87b68..18a8a5a1e04 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/messages.ftl
@@ -2,9 +2,6 @@ codegen_gcc_unknown_ctarget_feature_prefix =
     unknown feature specified for `-Ctarget-feature`: `{$feature}`
     .note = features must begin with a `+` to enable or `-` to disable it
 
-codegen_gcc_forbidden_ctarget_feature =
-    target feature `{$feature}` cannot be toggled with `-Ctarget-feature`: {$reason}
-
 codegen_gcc_unwinding_inline_asm =
     GCC backend does not support unwinding from inline asm
 
@@ -26,10 +23,6 @@ codegen_gcc_unknown_ctarget_feature =
     .possible_feature = you might have meant: `{$rust_feature}`
     .consider_filing_feature_request = consider filing a feature request
 
-codegen_gcc_unstable_ctarget_feature =
-    unstable feature specified for `-Ctarget-feature`: `{$feature}`
-    .note = this feature is not stably supported; its behavior can change in the future
-
 codegen_gcc_missing_features =
     add the missing features in a `target_feature` attribute
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/abi.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/abi.rs
index 3d0c258f576..08f3d281904 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/abi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/abi.rs
@@ -239,12 +239,16 @@ impl<'gcc, 'tcx> FnAbiGccExt<'gcc, 'tcx> for FnAbi<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>> {
 pub fn conv_to_fn_attribute<'gcc>(conv: CanonAbi, arch: &str) -> Option<FnAttribute<'gcc>> {
     let attribute = match conv {
         CanonAbi::C | CanonAbi::Rust => return None,
+        CanonAbi::RustCold => FnAttribute::Cold,
+        // Functions with this calling convention can only be called from assembly, but it is
+        // possible to declare an `extern "custom"` block, so the backend still needs a calling
+        // convention for declaring foreign functions.
+        CanonAbi::Custom => return None,
         CanonAbi::Arm(arm_call) => match arm_call {
             ArmCall::CCmseNonSecureCall => FnAttribute::ArmCmseNonsecureCall,
             ArmCall::CCmseNonSecureEntry => FnAttribute::ArmCmseNonsecureEntry,
             ArmCall::Aapcs => FnAttribute::ArmPcs("aapcs"),
         },
-        CanonAbi::RustCold => FnAttribute::Cold,
         CanonAbi::GpuKernel => {
             if arch == "amdgpu" {
                 FnAttribute::GcnAmdGpuHsaKernel
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/errors.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/errors.rs
index ccd9abe3804..7786be9ae5d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/errors.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/errors.rs
@@ -17,21 +17,6 @@ pub(crate) struct UnknownCTargetFeature<'a> {
     pub rust_feature: PossibleFeature<'a>,
 }
 
-#[derive(Diagnostic)]
-#[diag(codegen_gcc_unstable_ctarget_feature)]
-#[note]
-pub(crate) struct UnstableCTargetFeature<'a> {
-    pub feature: &'a str,
-}
-
-#[derive(Diagnostic)]
-#[diag(codegen_gcc_forbidden_ctarget_feature)]
-pub(crate) struct ForbiddenCTargetFeature<'a> {
-    pub feature: &'a str,
-    pub enabled: &'a str,
-    pub reason: &'a str,
-}
-
 #[derive(Subdiagnostic)]
 pub(crate) enum PossibleFeature<'a> {
     #[help(codegen_gcc_possible_feature)]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/gcc_util.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/gcc_util.rs
index 2b053abdd19..d90e66aea31 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/gcc_util.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/gcc_util.rs
@@ -5,13 +5,17 @@ use rustc_codegen_ssa::errors::TargetFeatureDisableOrEnable;
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashMap;
 use rustc_data_structures::unord::UnordSet;
 use rustc_session::Session;
+use rustc_session::features::{StabilityExt, retpoline_features_by_flags};
 use rustc_target::target_features::RUSTC_SPECIFIC_FEATURES;
 use smallvec::{SmallVec, smallvec};
 
-use crate::errors::{
-    ForbiddenCTargetFeature, PossibleFeature, UnknownCTargetFeature, UnknownCTargetFeaturePrefix,
-    UnstableCTargetFeature,
-};
+use crate::errors::{PossibleFeature, UnknownCTargetFeature, UnknownCTargetFeaturePrefix};
+
+fn gcc_features_by_flags(sess: &Session) -> Vec<&str> {
+    let mut features: Vec<&str> = Vec::new();
+    retpoline_features_by_flags(sess, &mut features);
+    features
+}
 
 /// The list of GCC features computed from CLI flags (`-Ctarget-cpu`, `-Ctarget-feature`,
 /// `--target` and similar).
@@ -45,7 +49,7 @@ pub(crate) fn global_gcc_features(sess: &Session, diagnostics: bool) -> Vec<Stri
 
     // Compute implied features
     let mut all_rust_features = vec![];
-    for feature in sess.opts.cg.target_feature.split(',') {
+    for feature in sess.opts.cg.target_feature.split(',').chain(gcc_features_by_flags(sess)) {
         if let Some(feature) = feature.strip_prefix('+') {
             all_rust_features.extend(
                 UnordSet::from(sess.target.implied_target_features(feature))
@@ -94,18 +98,7 @@ pub(crate) fn global_gcc_features(sess: &Session, diagnostics: bool) -> Vec<Stri
                     sess.dcx().emit_warn(unknown_feature);
                 }
                 Some(&(_, stability, _)) => {
-                    if let Err(reason) = stability.toggle_allowed() {
-                        sess.dcx().emit_warn(ForbiddenCTargetFeature {
-                            feature,
-                            enabled: if enable { "enabled" } else { "disabled" },
-                            reason,
-                        });
-                    } else if stability.requires_nightly().is_some() {
-                        // An unstable feature. Warn about using it. (It makes little sense
-                        // to hard-error here since we just warn about fully unknown
-                        // features above).
-                        sess.dcx().emit_warn(UnstableCTargetFeature { feature });
-                    }
+                    stability.verify_feature_enabled_by_flag(sess, enable, feature);
                 }
             }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/messages.ftl
index bda121c67fb..3faeb9b3b22 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/messages.ftl
@@ -10,11 +10,6 @@ codegen_llvm_dynamic_linking_with_lto =
 
 codegen_llvm_fixed_x18_invalid_arch = the `-Zfixed-x18` flag is not supported on the `{$arch}` architecture
 
-codegen_llvm_forbidden_ctarget_feature =
-    target feature `{$feature}` cannot be {$enabled} with `-Ctarget-feature`: {$reason}
-    .note = this was previously accepted by the compiler but is being phased out; it will become a hard error in a future release!
-codegen_llvm_forbidden_ctarget_feature_issue = for more information, see issue #116344 <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/116344>
-
 codegen_llvm_from_llvm_diag = {$message}
 
 codegen_llvm_from_llvm_optimization_diag = {$filename}:{$line}:{$column} {$pass_name} ({$kind}): {$message}
@@ -76,10 +71,6 @@ codegen_llvm_unknown_ctarget_feature_prefix =
 
 codegen_llvm_unknown_debuginfo_compression = unknown debuginfo compression algorithm {$algorithm} - will fall back to uncompressed debuginfo
 
-codegen_llvm_unstable_ctarget_feature =
-    unstable feature specified for `-Ctarget-feature`: `{$feature}`
-    .note = this feature is not stably supported; its behavior can change in the future
-
 codegen_llvm_write_bytecode = failed to write bytecode to {$path}: {$err}
 
 codegen_llvm_write_ir = failed to write LLVM IR to {$path}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/abi.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/abi.rs
index 119cd634f98..aba63d75f1d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/abi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/abi.rs
@@ -649,6 +649,10 @@ impl llvm::CallConv {
         match conv {
             CanonAbi::C | CanonAbi::Rust => llvm::CCallConv,
             CanonAbi::RustCold => llvm::PreserveMost,
+            // Functions with this calling convention can only be called from assembly, but it is
+            // possible to declare an `extern "custom"` block, so the backend still needs a calling
+            // convention for declaring foreign functions.
+            CanonAbi::Custom => llvm::CCallConv,
             CanonAbi::GpuKernel => {
                 if arch == "amdgpu" {
                     llvm::AmdgpuKernel
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/attributes.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/attributes.rs
index 443c2eace55..27fd09745ff 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/attributes.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/attributes.rs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc_middle::middle::codegen_fn_attrs::{CodegenFnAttrFlags, PatchableFunctionEntry};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_session::config::{BranchProtection, FunctionReturn, OptLevel, PAuthKey, PacRet};
+use rustc_symbol_mangling::mangle_internal_symbol;
 use rustc_target::spec::{FramePointer, SanitizerSet, StackProbeType, StackProtector};
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
 
@@ -256,11 +257,11 @@ fn probestack_attr<'ll>(cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, '_>) -> Option<&'ll Attribute> {
         StackProbeType::Inline => "inline-asm",
         // Flag our internal `__rust_probestack` function as the stack probe symbol.
         // This is defined in the `compiler-builtins` crate for each architecture.
-        StackProbeType::Call => "__rust_probestack",
+        StackProbeType::Call => &mangle_internal_symbol(cx.tcx, "__rust_probestack"),
         // Pick from the two above based on the LLVM version.
         StackProbeType::InlineOrCall { min_llvm_version_for_inline } => {
             if llvm_util::get_version() < min_llvm_version_for_inline {
-                "__rust_probestack"
+                &mangle_internal_symbol(cx.tcx, "__rust_probestack")
             } else {
                 "inline-asm"
             }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/errors.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/errors.rs
index eaafc680712..8bc74fbec7e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/errors.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/errors.rs
@@ -24,23 +24,6 @@ pub(crate) struct UnknownCTargetFeature<'a> {
     pub rust_feature: PossibleFeature<'a>,
 }
 
-#[derive(Diagnostic)]
-#[diag(codegen_llvm_unstable_ctarget_feature)]
-#[note]
-pub(crate) struct UnstableCTargetFeature<'a> {
-    pub feature: &'a str,
-}
-
-#[derive(Diagnostic)]
-#[diag(codegen_llvm_forbidden_ctarget_feature)]
-#[note]
-#[note(codegen_llvm_forbidden_ctarget_feature_issue)]
-pub(crate) struct ForbiddenCTargetFeature<'a> {
-    pub feature: &'a str,
-    pub enabled: &'a str,
-    pub reason: &'a str,
-}
-
 #[derive(Subdiagnostic)]
 pub(crate) enum PossibleFeature<'a> {
     #[help(codegen_llvm_possible_feature)]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm_util.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm_util.rs
index 9718c95f38a..0e77bc43df8 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm_util.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm_util.rs
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ use rustc_fs_util::path_to_c_string;
 use rustc_middle::bug;
 use rustc_session::Session;
 use rustc_session::config::{PrintKind, PrintRequest};
+use rustc_session::features::{StabilityExt, retpoline_features_by_flags};
 use rustc_span::Symbol;
 use rustc_target::spec::{MergeFunctions, PanicStrategy, SmallDataThresholdSupport};
 use rustc_target::target_features::{RUSTC_SPECIAL_FEATURES, RUSTC_SPECIFIC_FEATURES};
@@ -23,8 +24,7 @@ use smallvec::{SmallVec, smallvec};
 
 use crate::back::write::create_informational_target_machine;
 use crate::errors::{
-    FixedX18InvalidArch, ForbiddenCTargetFeature, PossibleFeature, UnknownCTargetFeature,
-    UnknownCTargetFeaturePrefix, UnstableCTargetFeature,
+    FixedX18InvalidArch, PossibleFeature, UnknownCTargetFeature, UnknownCTargetFeaturePrefix,
 };
 use crate::llvm;
 
@@ -707,6 +707,12 @@ pub(crate) fn target_cpu(sess: &Session) -> &str {
     handle_native(cpu_name)
 }
 
+fn llvm_features_by_flags(sess: &Session) -> Vec<&str> {
+    let mut features: Vec<&str> = Vec::new();
+    retpoline_features_by_flags(sess, &mut features);
+    features
+}
+
 /// The list of LLVM features computed from CLI flags (`-Ctarget-cpu`, `-Ctarget-feature`,
 /// `--target` and similar).
 pub(crate) fn global_llvm_features(
@@ -787,7 +793,7 @@ pub(crate) fn global_llvm_features(
 
         // Compute implied features
         let mut all_rust_features = vec![];
-        for feature in sess.opts.cg.target_feature.split(',') {
+        for feature in sess.opts.cg.target_feature.split(',').chain(llvm_features_by_flags(sess)) {
             if let Some(feature) = feature.strip_prefix('+') {
                 all_rust_features.extend(
                     UnordSet::from(sess.target.implied_target_features(feature))
@@ -840,18 +846,7 @@ pub(crate) fn global_llvm_features(
                         sess.dcx().emit_warn(unknown_feature);
                     }
                     Some((_, stability, _)) => {
-                        if let Err(reason) = stability.toggle_allowed() {
-                            sess.dcx().emit_warn(ForbiddenCTargetFeature {
-                                feature,
-                                enabled: if enable { "enabled" } else { "disabled" },
-                                reason,
-                            });
-                        } else if stability.requires_nightly().is_some() {
-                            // An unstable feature. Warn about using it. It makes little sense
-                            // to hard-error here since we just warn about fully unknown
-                            // features above.
-                            sess.dcx().emit_warn(UnstableCTargetFeature { feature });
-                        }
+                        stability.verify_feature_enabled_by_flag(sess, enable, feature);
                     }
                 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs
index 168077260a6..18b76b33757 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs
@@ -1065,11 +1065,11 @@ fn link_natively(
         match strip {
             Strip::Debuginfo => {
                 // FIXME: AIX's strip utility only offers option to strip line number information.
-                strip_with_external_utility(sess, stripcmd, out_filename, &["-X32_64", "-l"])
+                strip_with_external_utility(sess, stripcmd, temp_filename, &["-X32_64", "-l"])
             }
             Strip::Symbols => {
                 // Must be noted this option might remove symbol __aix_rust_metadata and thus removes .info section which contains metadata.
-                strip_with_external_utility(sess, stripcmd, out_filename, &["-X32_64", "-r"])
+                strip_with_external_utility(sess, stripcmd, temp_filename, &["-X32_64", "-r"])
             }
             Strip::None => {}
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/intrinsic.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/intrinsic.rs
index e217c09939e..27fcab8ed2d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/intrinsic.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/intrinsic.rs
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
                 let (llsize, _) = size_of_val::size_and_align_of_dst(bx, tp_ty, meta);
                 llsize
             }
-            sym::min_align_of_val => {
+            sym::align_of_val => {
                 let tp_ty = fn_args.type_at(0);
                 let (_, meta) = args[0].val.pointer_parts();
                 let (_, llalign) = size_of_val::size_and_align_of_dst(bx, tp_ty, meta);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/rvalue.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/rvalue.rs
index 5c14fe5cd10..b62ac89661f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/rvalue.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/rvalue.rs
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
                 {
                     let from_backend_ty = bx.backend_type(operand.layout);
                     let to_backend_ty = bx.backend_type(cast);
-                    Some(OperandValue::Immediate(self.transmute_immediate(
+                    Some(OperandValue::Immediate(transmute_immediate(
                         bx,
                         imm,
                         from_scalar,
@@ -303,8 +303,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
                     let out_a_ibty = bx.scalar_pair_element_backend_type(cast, 0, false);
                     let out_b_ibty = bx.scalar_pair_element_backend_type(cast, 1, false);
                     Some(OperandValue::Pair(
-                        self.transmute_immediate(bx, imm_a, in_a, in_a_ibty, out_a, out_a_ibty),
-                        self.transmute_immediate(bx, imm_b, in_b, in_b_ibty, out_b, out_b_ibty),
+                        transmute_immediate(bx, imm_a, in_a, in_a_ibty, out_a, out_a_ibty),
+                        transmute_immediate(bx, imm_b, in_b, in_b_ibty, out_b, out_b_ibty),
                     ))
                 } else {
                     None
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
         // valid ranges. For example, `char`s are passed as just `i32`, with no
         // way for LLVM to know that they're 0x10FFFF at most. Thus we assume
         // the range of the input value too, not just the output range.
-        self.assume_scalar_range(bx, imm, from_scalar, from_backend_ty);
+        assume_scalar_range(bx, imm, from_scalar, from_backend_ty);
 
         imm = match (from_scalar.primitive(), to_scalar.primitive()) {
             (Int(_, is_signed), Int(..)) => bx.intcast(imm, to_backend_ty, is_signed),
@@ -365,98 +365,6 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
         Some(imm)
     }
 
-    /// Transmutes one of the immediates from an [`OperandValue::Immediate`]
-    /// or an [`OperandValue::Pair`] to an immediate of the target type.
-    ///
-    /// `to_backend_ty` must be the *non*-immediate backend type (so it will be
-    /// `i8`, not `i1`, for `bool`-like types.)
-    fn transmute_immediate(
-        &self,
-        bx: &mut Bx,
-        mut imm: Bx::Value,
-        from_scalar: abi::Scalar,
-        from_backend_ty: Bx::Type,
-        to_scalar: abi::Scalar,
-        to_backend_ty: Bx::Type,
-    ) -> Bx::Value {
-        assert_eq!(from_scalar.size(self.cx), to_scalar.size(self.cx));
-
-        // While optimizations will remove no-op transmutes, they might still be
-        // there in debug or things that aren't no-op in MIR because they change
-        // the Rust type but not the underlying layout/niche.
-        if from_scalar == to_scalar && from_backend_ty == to_backend_ty {
-            return imm;
-        }
-
-        use abi::Primitive::*;
-        imm = bx.from_immediate(imm);
-
-        // If we have a scalar, we must already know its range. Either
-        //
-        // 1) It's a parameter with `range` parameter metadata,
-        // 2) It's something we `load`ed with `!range` metadata, or
-        // 3) After a transmute we `assume`d the range (see below).
-        //
-        // That said, last time we tried removing this, it didn't actually help
-        // the rustc-perf results, so might as well keep doing it
-        // <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/135610#issuecomment-2599275182>
-        self.assume_scalar_range(bx, imm, from_scalar, from_backend_ty);
-
-        imm = match (from_scalar.primitive(), to_scalar.primitive()) {
-            (Int(..) | Float(_), Int(..) | Float(_)) => bx.bitcast(imm, to_backend_ty),
-            (Pointer(..), Pointer(..)) => bx.pointercast(imm, to_backend_ty),
-            (Int(..), Pointer(..)) => bx.ptradd(bx.const_null(bx.type_ptr()), imm),
-            (Pointer(..), Int(..)) => {
-                // FIXME: this exposes the provenance, which shouldn't be necessary.
-                bx.ptrtoint(imm, to_backend_ty)
-            }
-            (Float(_), Pointer(..)) => {
-                let int_imm = bx.bitcast(imm, bx.cx().type_isize());
-                bx.ptradd(bx.const_null(bx.type_ptr()), int_imm)
-            }
-            (Pointer(..), Float(_)) => {
-                // FIXME: this exposes the provenance, which shouldn't be necessary.
-                let int_imm = bx.ptrtoint(imm, bx.cx().type_isize());
-                bx.bitcast(int_imm, to_backend_ty)
-            }
-        };
-
-        // This `assume` remains important for cases like (a conceptual)
-        //    transmute::<u32, NonZeroU32>(x) == 0
-        // since it's never passed to something with parameter metadata (especially
-        // after MIR inlining) so the only way to tell the backend about the
-        // constraint that the `transmute` introduced is to `assume` it.
-        self.assume_scalar_range(bx, imm, to_scalar, to_backend_ty);
-
-        imm = bx.to_immediate_scalar(imm, to_scalar);
-        imm
-    }
-
-    fn assume_scalar_range(
-        &self,
-        bx: &mut Bx,
-        imm: Bx::Value,
-        scalar: abi::Scalar,
-        backend_ty: Bx::Type,
-    ) {
-        if matches!(self.cx.sess().opts.optimize, OptLevel::No) || scalar.is_always_valid(self.cx) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        match scalar.primitive() {
-            abi::Primitive::Int(..) => {
-                let range = scalar.valid_range(self.cx);
-                bx.assume_integer_range(imm, backend_ty, range);
-            }
-            abi::Primitive::Pointer(abi::AddressSpace::DATA)
-                if !scalar.valid_range(self.cx).contains(0) =>
-            {
-                bx.assume_nonnull(imm);
-            }
-            abi::Primitive::Pointer(..) | abi::Primitive::Float(..) => {}
-        }
-    }
-
     pub(crate) fn codegen_rvalue_unsized(
         &mut self,
         bx: &mut Bx,
@@ -1231,3 +1139,93 @@ impl OperandValueKind {
         })
     }
 }
+
+/// Transmutes one of the immediates from an [`OperandValue::Immediate`]
+/// or an [`OperandValue::Pair`] to an immediate of the target type.
+///
+/// `to_backend_ty` must be the *non*-immediate backend type (so it will be
+/// `i8`, not `i1`, for `bool`-like types.)
+fn transmute_immediate<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>>(
+    bx: &mut Bx,
+    mut imm: Bx::Value,
+    from_scalar: abi::Scalar,
+    from_backend_ty: Bx::Type,
+    to_scalar: abi::Scalar,
+    to_backend_ty: Bx::Type,
+) -> Bx::Value {
+    assert_eq!(from_scalar.size(bx.cx()), to_scalar.size(bx.cx()));
+
+    // While optimizations will remove no-op transmutes, they might still be
+    // there in debug or things that aren't no-op in MIR because they change
+    // the Rust type but not the underlying layout/niche.
+    if from_scalar == to_scalar && from_backend_ty == to_backend_ty {
+        return imm;
+    }
+
+    use abi::Primitive::*;
+    imm = bx.from_immediate(imm);
+
+    // If we have a scalar, we must already know its range. Either
+    //
+    // 1) It's a parameter with `range` parameter metadata,
+    // 2) It's something we `load`ed with `!range` metadata, or
+    // 3) After a transmute we `assume`d the range (see below).
+    //
+    // That said, last time we tried removing this, it didn't actually help
+    // the rustc-perf results, so might as well keep doing it
+    // <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/135610#issuecomment-2599275182>
+    assume_scalar_range(bx, imm, from_scalar, from_backend_ty);
+
+    imm = match (from_scalar.primitive(), to_scalar.primitive()) {
+        (Int(..) | Float(_), Int(..) | Float(_)) => bx.bitcast(imm, to_backend_ty),
+        (Pointer(..), Pointer(..)) => bx.pointercast(imm, to_backend_ty),
+        (Int(..), Pointer(..)) => bx.ptradd(bx.const_null(bx.type_ptr()), imm),
+        (Pointer(..), Int(..)) => {
+            // FIXME: this exposes the provenance, which shouldn't be necessary.
+            bx.ptrtoint(imm, to_backend_ty)
+        }
+        (Float(_), Pointer(..)) => {
+            let int_imm = bx.bitcast(imm, bx.cx().type_isize());
+            bx.ptradd(bx.const_null(bx.type_ptr()), int_imm)
+        }
+        (Pointer(..), Float(_)) => {
+            // FIXME: this exposes the provenance, which shouldn't be necessary.
+            let int_imm = bx.ptrtoint(imm, bx.cx().type_isize());
+            bx.bitcast(int_imm, to_backend_ty)
+        }
+    };
+
+    // This `assume` remains important for cases like (a conceptual)
+    //    transmute::<u32, NonZeroU32>(x) == 0
+    // since it's never passed to something with parameter metadata (especially
+    // after MIR inlining) so the only way to tell the backend about the
+    // constraint that the `transmute` introduced is to `assume` it.
+    assume_scalar_range(bx, imm, to_scalar, to_backend_ty);
+
+    imm = bx.to_immediate_scalar(imm, to_scalar);
+    imm
+}
+
+fn assume_scalar_range<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>>(
+    bx: &mut Bx,
+    imm: Bx::Value,
+    scalar: abi::Scalar,
+    backend_ty: Bx::Type,
+) {
+    if matches!(bx.cx().sess().opts.optimize, OptLevel::No) || scalar.is_always_valid(bx.cx()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    match scalar.primitive() {
+        abi::Primitive::Int(..) => {
+            let range = scalar.valid_range(bx.cx());
+            bx.assume_integer_range(imm, backend_ty, range);
+        }
+        abi::Primitive::Pointer(abi::AddressSpace::DATA)
+            if !scalar.valid_range(bx.cx()).contains(0) =>
+        {
+            bx.assume_nonnull(imm);
+        }
+        abi::Primitive::Pointer(..) | abi::Primitive::Float(..) => {}
+    }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/target_features.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/target_features.rs
index 6bb3150c1c5..640d197c219 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/target_features.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/target_features.rs
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefId, LOCAL_CRATE, LocalDefId};
 use rustc_middle::middle::codegen_fn_attrs::TargetFeature;
 use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
+use rustc_session::features::StabilityExt;
 use rustc_session::lint::builtin::AARCH64_SOFTFLOAT_NEON;
 use rustc_session::parse::feature_err;
 use rustc_span::{Span, Symbol, sym};
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ pub(crate) fn from_target_feature_attr(
 
             // Only allow target features whose feature gates have been enabled
             // and which are permitted to be toggled.
-            if let Err(reason) = stability.toggle_allowed() {
+            if let Err(reason) = stability.is_toggle_permitted(tcx.sess) {
                 tcx.dcx().emit_err(errors::ForbiddenTargetFeatureAttr {
                     span: item.span(),
                     feature,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/traits/type_.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/traits/type_.rs
index c3fc21a9285..70331b72353 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/traits/type_.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/traits/type_.rs
@@ -44,10 +44,10 @@ pub trait DerivedTypeCodegenMethods<'tcx>:
     BaseTypeCodegenMethods + MiscCodegenMethods<'tcx> + HasTyCtxt<'tcx> + HasTypingEnv<'tcx>
 {
     fn type_int(&self) -> Self::Type {
-        match &self.sess().target.c_int_width[..] {
-            "16" => self.type_i16(),
-            "32" => self.type_i32(),
-            "64" => self.type_i64(),
+        match &self.sess().target.c_int_width {
+            16 => self.type_i16(),
+            32 => self.type_i32(),
+            64 => self.type_i64(),
             width => bug!("Unsupported c_int_width: {}", width),
         }
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/check_consts/check.rs b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/check_consts/check.rs
index 6167f8cd4b5..4f252f3ccd4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/check_consts/check.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/check_consts/check.rs
@@ -356,10 +356,7 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx> Checker<'mir, 'tcx> {
             hir::ConstContext::ConstFn => true,
             _ => {
                 // For indirect places, we are not creating a new permanent borrow, it's just as
-                // transient as the already existing one. For reborrowing references this is handled
-                // at the top of `visit_rvalue`, but for raw pointers we handle it here.
-                // Pointers/references to `static mut` and cases where the `*` is not the first
-                // projection also end up here.
+                // transient as the already existing one.
                 // Locals with StorageDead do not live beyond the evaluation and can
                 // thus safely be borrowed without being able to be leaked to the final
                 // value of the constant.
@@ -395,7 +392,7 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx> Checker<'mir, 'tcx> {
         }
 
         let (infcx, param_env) = tcx.infer_ctxt().build_with_typing_env(self.body.typing_env(tcx));
-        let ocx = ObligationCtxt::new_with_diagnostics(&infcx);
+        let ocx = ObligationCtxt::new(&infcx);
 
         let body_id = self.body.source.def_id().expect_local();
         let host_polarity = match self.const_kind() {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/intern.rs b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/intern.rs
index 1dd96297d1f..f0f958d069e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/intern.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/intern.rs
@@ -227,12 +227,11 @@ pub fn intern_const_alloc_recursive<'tcx, M: CompileTimeMachine<'tcx, const_eval
 
     // Keep interning as long as there are things to intern.
     // We show errors if there are dangling pointers, or mutable pointers in immutable contexts
-    // (i.e., everything except for `static mut`). When these errors affect references, it is
-    // unfortunate that we show these errors here and not during validation, since validation can
-    // show much nicer errors. However, we do need these checks to be run on all pointers, including
-    // raw pointers, so we cannot rely on validation to catch them -- and since interning runs
-    // before validation, and interning doesn't know the type of anything, this means we can't show
-    // better errors. Maybe we should consider doing validation before interning in the future.
+    // (i.e., everything except for `static mut`). We only return these errors as a `Result`
+    // so that the caller can run validation, and subsequently only report interning errors
+    // if validation fails. Validation has the better error messages so we prefer those, but
+    // interning has better coverage since it "sees" *all* pointers, including raw pointers and
+    // references stored in unions.
     while let Some(prov) = todo.pop() {
         trace!(?prov);
         let alloc_id = prov.alloc_id();
@@ -279,12 +278,12 @@ pub fn intern_const_alloc_recursive<'tcx, M: CompileTimeMachine<'tcx, const_eval
             // when there is memory there that someone might expect to be mutable, but we make it immutable.
             let dangling = !is_already_global && !ecx.memory.alloc_map.contains_key(&alloc_id);
             if !dangling {
-                // Found a mutable reference inside a const where inner allocations should be
+                // Found a mutable pointer inside a const where inner allocations should be
                 // immutable.
                 if !ecx.tcx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.unleash_the_miri_inside_of_you {
                     span_bug!(
                         ecx.tcx.span,
-                        "the static const safety checks accepted mutable references they should not have accepted"
+                        "the static const safety checks accepted a mutable pointer they should not have accepted"
                     );
                 }
                 // Prefer dangling pointer errors over mutable pointer errors
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/intrinsics.rs b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/intrinsics.rs
index ab27182c211..96c39c7bb32 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/intrinsics.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/intrinsics.rs
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ impl<'tcx, M: Machine<'tcx>> InterpCx<'tcx, M> {
                 self.copy_op(&val, dest)?;
             }
 
-            sym::min_align_of_val | sym::size_of_val => {
+            sym::align_of_val | sym::size_of_val => {
                 // Avoid `deref_pointer` -- this is not a deref, the ptr does not have to be
                 // dereferenceable!
                 let place = self.ref_to_mplace(&self.read_immediate(&args[0])?)?;
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ impl<'tcx, M: Machine<'tcx>> InterpCx<'tcx, M> {
                     .ok_or_else(|| err_unsup_format!("`extern type` does not have known layout"))?;
 
                 let result = match intrinsic_name {
-                    sym::min_align_of_val => align.bytes(),
+                    sym::align_of_val => align.bytes(),
                     sym::size_of_val => size.bytes(),
                     _ => bug!(),
                 };
@@ -139,13 +139,13 @@ impl<'tcx, M: Machine<'tcx>> InterpCx<'tcx, M> {
 
             sym::needs_drop | sym::type_id | sym::type_name | sym::variant_count => {
                 let gid = GlobalId { instance, promoted: None };
-                let ty = match intrinsic_name {
-                    sym::variant_count => self.tcx.types.usize,
-                    sym::needs_drop => self.tcx.types.bool,
-                    sym::type_id => self.tcx.types.u128,
-                    sym::type_name => Ty::new_static_str(self.tcx.tcx),
-                    _ => bug!(),
-                };
+                let ty = self
+                    .tcx
+                    .fn_sig(instance.def_id())
+                    .instantiate(self.tcx.tcx, instance.args)
+                    .output()
+                    .no_bound_vars()
+                    .unwrap();
                 let val = self
                     .ctfe_query(|tcx| tcx.const_eval_global_id(self.typing_env, gid, tcx.span))?;
                 let val = self.const_val_to_op(val, ty, Some(dest.layout))?;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/util.rs b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/util.rs
index 83a17092619..99add01f95c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/util.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/util.rs
@@ -58,9 +58,9 @@ pub enum MaybeEnteredSpan {
 macro_rules! enter_trace_span {
     ($machine:ident, $($tt:tt)*) => {
         if $machine::TRACING_ENABLED {
-            $crate::interpret::tracing_utils::MaybeEnteredSpan::Some(tracing::info_span!($($tt)*).entered())
+            $crate::interpret::util::MaybeEnteredSpan::Some(tracing::info_span!($($tt)*).entered())
         } else {
-            $crate::interpret::tracing_utils::MaybeEnteredSpan::None
+            $crate::interpret::util::MaybeEnteredSpan::None
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/thousands/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/thousands/mod.rs
index e7ab7ec2932..b251ebe58f6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/thousands/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/thousands/mod.rs
@@ -1,16 +1,37 @@
-//! This is an extremely bare-bones alternative to the `thousands` crate on
-//! crates.io, for printing large numbers in a readable fashion.
+//! This is a bare-bones alternative to the `thousands` crate on crates.io, for
+//! printing large numbers in a readable fashion.
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests;
 
-// Converts the number to a string, with underscores as the thousands separator.
-pub fn format_with_underscores(n: usize) -> String {
-    let mut s = n.to_string();
-    let mut i = s.len();
-    while i > 3 {
+fn format_with_underscores(mut s: String) -> String {
+    // Ignore a leading '-'.
+    let start = if s.starts_with('-') { 1 } else { 0 };
+
+    // Stop after the first non-digit, e.g. '.' or 'e' for floats.
+    let non_digit = s[start..].find(|c: char| !c.is_digit(10));
+    let end = if let Some(non_digit) = non_digit { start + non_digit } else { s.len() };
+
+    // Insert underscores within `start..end`.
+    let mut i = end;
+    while i > start + 3 {
         i -= 3;
         s.insert(i, '_');
     }
     s
 }
+
+/// Print a `usize` with underscore separators.
+pub fn usize_with_underscores(n: usize) -> String {
+    format_with_underscores(format!("{n}"))
+}
+
+/// Print an `isize` with underscore separators.
+pub fn isize_with_underscores(n: isize) -> String {
+    format_with_underscores(format!("{n}"))
+}
+
+/// Print an `f64` with precision 1 (one decimal place) and underscore separators.
+pub fn f64p1_with_underscores(n: f64) -> String {
+    format_with_underscores(format!("{n:.1}"))
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/thousands/tests.rs b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/thousands/tests.rs
index 906605d9a93..0f9a648802b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/thousands/tests.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/thousands/tests.rs
@@ -2,13 +2,51 @@ use super::*;
 
 #[test]
 fn test_format_with_underscores() {
-    assert_eq!("0", format_with_underscores(0));
-    assert_eq!("1", format_with_underscores(1));
-    assert_eq!("99", format_with_underscores(99));
-    assert_eq!("345", format_with_underscores(345));
-    assert_eq!("1_000", format_with_underscores(1_000));
-    assert_eq!("12_001", format_with_underscores(12_001));
-    assert_eq!("999_999", format_with_underscores(999_999));
-    assert_eq!("1_000_000", format_with_underscores(1_000_000));
-    assert_eq!("12_345_678", format_with_underscores(12_345_678));
+    assert_eq!("", format_with_underscores("".to_string()));
+    assert_eq!("0", format_with_underscores("0".to_string()));
+    assert_eq!("12_345.67e14", format_with_underscores("12345.67e14".to_string()));
+    assert_eq!("-1_234.5678e10", format_with_underscores("-1234.5678e10".to_string()));
+    assert_eq!("------", format_with_underscores("------".to_string()));
+    assert_eq!("abcdefgh", format_with_underscores("abcdefgh".to_string()));
+    assert_eq!("-1b", format_with_underscores("-1b".to_string()));
+    assert_eq!("-3_456xyz", format_with_underscores("-3456xyz".to_string()));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_usize_with_underscores() {
+    assert_eq!("0", usize_with_underscores(0));
+    assert_eq!("1", usize_with_underscores(1));
+    assert_eq!("99", usize_with_underscores(99));
+    assert_eq!("345", usize_with_underscores(345));
+    assert_eq!("1_000", usize_with_underscores(1_000));
+    assert_eq!("12_001", usize_with_underscores(12_001));
+    assert_eq!("999_999", usize_with_underscores(999_999));
+    assert_eq!("1_000_000", usize_with_underscores(1_000_000));
+    assert_eq!("12_345_678", usize_with_underscores(12_345_678));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_isize_with_underscores() {
+    assert_eq!("0", isize_with_underscores(0));
+    assert_eq!("-1", isize_with_underscores(-1));
+    assert_eq!("99", isize_with_underscores(99));
+    assert_eq!("345", isize_with_underscores(345));
+    assert_eq!("-1_000", isize_with_underscores(-1_000));
+    assert_eq!("12_001", isize_with_underscores(12_001));
+    assert_eq!("-999_999", isize_with_underscores(-999_999));
+    assert_eq!("1_000_000", isize_with_underscores(1_000_000));
+    assert_eq!("-12_345_678", isize_with_underscores(-12_345_678));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_f64p1_with_underscores() {
+    assert_eq!("0.0", f64p1_with_underscores(0f64));
+    assert_eq!("0.0", f64p1_with_underscores(0.00000001));
+    assert_eq!("-0.0", f64p1_with_underscores(-0.00000001));
+    assert_eq!("1.0", f64p1_with_underscores(0.9999999));
+    assert_eq!("-1.0", f64p1_with_underscores(-0.9999999));
+    assert_eq!("345.5", f64p1_with_underscores(345.4999999));
+    assert_eq!("-100_000.0", f64p1_with_underscores(-100_000f64));
+    assert_eq!("123_456_789.1", f64p1_with_underscores(123456789.123456789));
+    assert_eq!("-123_456_789.1", f64p1_with_underscores(-123456789.123456789));
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_driver_impl/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_driver_impl/src/lib.rs
index 54a331a4904..0cd9e36a927 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_driver_impl/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_driver_impl/src/lib.rs
@@ -1500,13 +1500,31 @@ pub fn init_rustc_env_logger(early_dcx: &EarlyDiagCtxt) {
 
 /// This allows tools to enable rust logging without having to magically match rustc's
 /// tracing crate version. In contrast to `init_rustc_env_logger` it allows you to choose
-/// the values directly rather than having to set an environment variable.
+/// the logger config directly rather than having to set an environment variable.
 pub fn init_logger(early_dcx: &EarlyDiagCtxt, cfg: rustc_log::LoggerConfig) {
     if let Err(error) = rustc_log::init_logger(cfg) {
         early_dcx.early_fatal(error.to_string());
     }
 }
 
+/// This allows tools to enable rust logging without having to magically match rustc's
+/// tracing crate version. In contrast to `init_rustc_env_logger`, it allows you to
+/// choose the logger config directly rather than having to set an environment variable.
+/// Moreover, in contrast to `init_logger`, it allows you to add a custom tracing layer
+/// via `build_subscriber`, for example `|| Registry::default().with(custom_layer)`.
+pub fn init_logger_with_additional_layer<F, T>(
+    early_dcx: &EarlyDiagCtxt,
+    cfg: rustc_log::LoggerConfig,
+    build_subscriber: F,
+) where
+    F: FnOnce() -> T,
+    T: rustc_log::BuildSubscriberRet,
+{
+    if let Err(error) = rustc_log::init_logger_with_additional_layer(cfg, build_subscriber) {
+        early_dcx.early_fatal(error.to_string());
+    }
+}
+
 /// Install our usual `ctrlc` handler, which sets [`rustc_const_eval::CTRL_C_RECEIVED`].
 /// Making this handler optional lets tools can install a different handler, if they wish.
 pub fn install_ctrlc_handler() {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_errors/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_errors/src/lib.rs
index 133bd361ee7..9f72fc4705a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_errors/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_errors/src/lib.rs
@@ -60,8 +60,9 @@ pub use rustc_error_messages::{
     SubdiagMessage, fallback_fluent_bundle, fluent_bundle,
 };
 use rustc_hashes::Hash128;
-use rustc_lint_defs::LintExpectationId;
+use rustc_hir::HirId;
 pub use rustc_lint_defs::{Applicability, listify, pluralize};
+use rustc_lint_defs::{Lint, LintExpectationId};
 use rustc_macros::{Decodable, Encodable};
 pub use rustc_span::ErrorGuaranteed;
 pub use rustc_span::fatal_error::{FatalError, FatalErrorMarker};
@@ -101,6 +102,19 @@ rustc_data_structures::static_assert_size!(PResult<'_, ()>, 24);
 #[cfg(target_pointer_width = "64")]
 rustc_data_structures::static_assert_size!(PResult<'_, bool>, 24);
 
+/// Used to avoid depending on `rustc_middle` in `rustc_attr_parsing`.
+/// Always the `TyCtxt`.
+pub trait LintEmitter: Copy {
+    #[track_caller]
+    fn emit_node_span_lint(
+        self,
+        lint: &'static Lint,
+        hir_id: HirId,
+        span: impl Into<MultiSpan>,
+        decorator: impl for<'a> LintDiagnostic<'a, ()>,
+    );
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, Hash, Encodable, Decodable)]
 pub enum SuggestionStyle {
     /// Hide the suggested code when displaying this suggestion inline.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_expand/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_expand/messages.ftl
index f26c7c1ba0b..8b7c47dad99 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_expand/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_expand/messages.ftl
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ expand_feature_not_allowed =
 expand_feature_removed =
     feature has been removed
     .label = feature has been removed
+    .note = removed in {$removed_rustc_version} (you are using {$current_rustc_version}){$pull_note}
     .reason = {$reason}
 
 expand_glob_delegation_outside_impls =
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ expand_meta_var_expr_unrecognized_var =
     variable `{$key}` is not recognized in meta-variable expression
 
 expand_missing_fragment_specifier = missing fragment specifier
-    .note = fragment specifiers must be specified in the 2024 edition
+    .note = fragment specifiers must be provided
     .suggestion_add_fragspec = try adding a specifier here
     .valid = {$valid}
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/base.rs b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/base.rs
index c7b975d8f3e..311dadb53c4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/base.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use rustc_ast::tokenstream::TokenStream;
 use rustc_ast::visit::{AssocCtxt, Visitor};
 use rustc_ast::{self as ast, AttrVec, Attribute, HasAttrs, Item, NodeId, PatKind};
 use rustc_attr_data_structures::{AttributeKind, Deprecation, Stability, find_attr};
-use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxIndexMap;
+use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashMap, FxIndexMap};
 use rustc_data_structures::sync;
 use rustc_errors::{DiagCtxtHandle, ErrorGuaranteed, PResult};
 use rustc_feature::Features;
@@ -727,6 +727,7 @@ pub enum SyntaxExtensionKind {
     /// A trivial attribute "macro" that does nothing,
     /// only keeps the attribute and marks it as inert,
     /// thus making it ineligible for further expansion.
+    /// E.g. `#[default]`, `#[rustfmt::skip]`.
     NonMacroAttr,
 
     /// A token-based derive macro.
@@ -1189,6 +1190,8 @@ pub struct ExtCtxt<'a> {
     /// in the AST, but insert it here so that we know
     /// not to expand it again.
     pub(super) expanded_inert_attrs: MarkedAttrs,
+    /// `-Zmacro-stats` data.
+    pub macro_stats: FxHashMap<(Symbol, MacroKind), crate::stats::MacroStat>, // njn: quals
 }
 
 impl<'a> ExtCtxt<'a> {
@@ -1218,6 +1221,7 @@ impl<'a> ExtCtxt<'a> {
             expansions: FxIndexMap::default(),
             expanded_inert_attrs: MarkedAttrs::new(),
             buffered_early_lint: vec![],
+            macro_stats: Default::default(),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/config.rs b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/config.rs
index c50ab5959e2..9a359e9b031 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/config.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/config.rs
@@ -80,9 +80,20 @@ pub fn features(sess: &Session, krate_attrs: &[Attribute], crate_name: Symbol) -
 
             // If the enabled feature has been removed, issue an error.
             if let Some(f) = REMOVED_LANG_FEATURES.iter().find(|f| name == f.feature.name) {
+                let pull_note = if let Some(pull) = f.pull {
+                    format!(
+                        "; see <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/{}> for more information",
+                        pull
+                    )
+                } else {
+                    "".to_owned()
+                };
                 sess.dcx().emit_err(FeatureRemoved {
                     span: mi.span(),
                     reason: f.reason.map(|reason| FeatureRemovedReason { reason }),
+                    removed_rustc_version: f.feature.since,
+                    current_rustc_version: sess.cfg_version,
+                    pull_note,
                 });
                 continue;
             }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/errors.rs b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/errors.rs
index 89bdc7b6dfa..ec0af67c046 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/errors.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/errors.rs
@@ -154,12 +154,16 @@ pub(crate) struct HelperAttributeNameInvalid {
 
 #[derive(Diagnostic)]
 #[diag(expand_feature_removed, code = E0557)]
+#[note]
 pub(crate) struct FeatureRemoved<'a> {
     #[primary_span]
     #[label]
     pub span: Span,
     #[subdiagnostic]
     pub reason: Option<FeatureRemovedReason<'a>>,
+    pub removed_rustc_version: &'a str,
+    pub current_rustc_version: &'a str,
+    pub pull_note: String,
 }
 
 #[derive(Subdiagnostic)]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/expand.rs b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/expand.rs
index 569165a64e5..3cfeb01ea47 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/expand.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/expand.rs
@@ -42,13 +42,22 @@ use crate::module::{
     DirOwnership, ParsedExternalMod, mod_dir_path, mod_file_path_from_attr, parse_external_mod,
 };
 use crate::placeholders::{PlaceholderExpander, placeholder};
+use crate::stats::*;
 
 macro_rules! ast_fragments {
     (
         $($Kind:ident($AstTy:ty) {
             $kind_name:expr;
-            $(one fn $mut_visit_ast:ident; fn $visit_ast:ident;)?
-            $(many fn $flat_map_ast_elt:ident; fn $visit_ast_elt:ident($($args:tt)*);)?
+            $(one
+                fn $mut_visit_ast:ident;
+                fn $visit_ast:ident;
+                fn $ast_to_string:path;
+            )?
+            $(many
+                fn $flat_map_ast_elt:ident;
+                fn $visit_ast_elt:ident($($args:tt)*);
+                fn $ast_to_string_elt:path;
+            )?
             fn $make_ast:ident;
         })*
     ) => {
@@ -61,7 +70,7 @@ macro_rules! ast_fragments {
         }
 
         /// "Discriminant" of an AST fragment.
-        #[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+        #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
         pub enum AstFragmentKind {
             OptExpr,
             MethodReceiverExpr,
@@ -151,6 +160,21 @@ macro_rules! ast_fragments {
                 }
                 V::Result::output()
             }
+
+            pub(crate) fn to_string(&self) -> String {
+                match self {
+                    AstFragment::OptExpr(Some(expr)) => pprust::expr_to_string(expr),
+                    AstFragment::OptExpr(None) => unreachable!(),
+                    AstFragment::MethodReceiverExpr(expr) => pprust::expr_to_string(expr),
+                    $($(AstFragment::$Kind(ast) => $ast_to_string(ast),)?)*
+                    $($(
+                        AstFragment::$Kind(ast) => {
+                            // The closure unwraps a `P` if present, or does nothing otherwise.
+                            elems_to_string(&*ast, |ast| $ast_to_string_elt(&*ast))
+                        }
+                    )?)*
+                }
+            }
         }
 
         impl<'a> MacResult for crate::mbe::macro_rules::ParserAnyMacro<'a> {
@@ -163,76 +187,98 @@ macro_rules! ast_fragments {
 }
 
 ast_fragments! {
-    Expr(P<ast::Expr>) { "expression"; one fn visit_expr; fn visit_expr; fn make_expr; }
-    Pat(P<ast::Pat>) { "pattern"; one fn visit_pat; fn visit_pat; fn make_pat; }
-    Ty(P<ast::Ty>) { "type"; one fn visit_ty; fn visit_ty; fn make_ty; }
+    Expr(P<ast::Expr>) {
+        "expression";
+        one fn visit_expr; fn visit_expr; fn pprust::expr_to_string;
+        fn make_expr;
+    }
+    Pat(P<ast::Pat>) {
+        "pattern";
+        one fn visit_pat; fn visit_pat; fn pprust::pat_to_string;
+        fn make_pat;
+    }
+    Ty(P<ast::Ty>) {
+        "type";
+        one fn visit_ty; fn visit_ty; fn pprust::ty_to_string;
+        fn make_ty;
+    }
     Stmts(SmallVec<[ast::Stmt; 1]>) {
-        "statement"; many fn flat_map_stmt; fn visit_stmt(); fn make_stmts;
+        "statement";
+        many fn flat_map_stmt; fn visit_stmt(); fn pprust::stmt_to_string;
+        fn make_stmts;
     }
     Items(SmallVec<[P<ast::Item>; 1]>) {
-        "item"; many fn flat_map_item; fn visit_item(); fn make_items;
+        "item";
+        many fn flat_map_item; fn visit_item(); fn pprust::item_to_string;
+        fn make_items;
     }
     TraitItems(SmallVec<[P<ast::AssocItem>; 1]>) {
         "trait item";
-        many fn flat_map_assoc_item;
-        fn visit_assoc_item(AssocCtxt::Trait);
+        many fn flat_map_assoc_item; fn visit_assoc_item(AssocCtxt::Trait);
+            fn pprust::assoc_item_to_string;
         fn make_trait_items;
     }
     ImplItems(SmallVec<[P<ast::AssocItem>; 1]>) {
         "impl item";
-        many fn flat_map_assoc_item;
-        fn visit_assoc_item(AssocCtxt::Impl { of_trait: false });
+        many fn flat_map_assoc_item; fn visit_assoc_item(AssocCtxt::Impl { of_trait: false });
+            fn pprust::assoc_item_to_string;
         fn make_impl_items;
     }
     TraitImplItems(SmallVec<[P<ast::AssocItem>; 1]>) {
         "impl item";
-        many fn flat_map_assoc_item;
-        fn visit_assoc_item(AssocCtxt::Impl { of_trait: true });
+        many fn flat_map_assoc_item; fn visit_assoc_item(AssocCtxt::Impl { of_trait: true });
+            fn pprust::assoc_item_to_string;
         fn make_trait_impl_items;
     }
     ForeignItems(SmallVec<[P<ast::ForeignItem>; 1]>) {
         "foreign item";
-        many fn flat_map_foreign_item;
-        fn visit_foreign_item();
+        many fn flat_map_foreign_item; fn visit_foreign_item(); fn pprust::foreign_item_to_string;
         fn make_foreign_items;
     }
     Arms(SmallVec<[ast::Arm; 1]>) {
-        "match arm"; many fn flat_map_arm; fn visit_arm(); fn make_arms;
+        "match arm";
+        many fn flat_map_arm; fn visit_arm(); fn unreachable_to_string;
+        fn make_arms;
     }
     ExprFields(SmallVec<[ast::ExprField; 1]>) {
-        "field expression"; many fn flat_map_expr_field; fn visit_expr_field(); fn make_expr_fields;
+        "field expression";
+        many fn flat_map_expr_field; fn visit_expr_field(); fn unreachable_to_string;
+        fn make_expr_fields;
     }
     PatFields(SmallVec<[ast::PatField; 1]>) {
         "field pattern";
-        many fn flat_map_pat_field;
-        fn visit_pat_field();
+        many fn flat_map_pat_field; fn visit_pat_field(); fn unreachable_to_string;
         fn make_pat_fields;
     }
     GenericParams(SmallVec<[ast::GenericParam; 1]>) {
         "generic parameter";
-        many fn flat_map_generic_param;
-        fn visit_generic_param();
+        many fn flat_map_generic_param; fn visit_generic_param(); fn unreachable_to_string;
         fn make_generic_params;
     }
     Params(SmallVec<[ast::Param; 1]>) {
-        "function parameter"; many fn flat_map_param; fn visit_param(); fn make_params;
+        "function parameter";
+        many fn flat_map_param; fn visit_param(); fn unreachable_to_string;
+        fn make_params;
     }
     FieldDefs(SmallVec<[ast::FieldDef; 1]>) {
         "field";
-        many fn flat_map_field_def;
-        fn visit_field_def();
+        many fn flat_map_field_def; fn visit_field_def(); fn unreachable_to_string;
         fn make_field_defs;
     }
     Variants(SmallVec<[ast::Variant; 1]>) {
-        "variant"; many fn flat_map_variant; fn visit_variant(); fn make_variants;
+        "variant"; many fn flat_map_variant; fn visit_variant(); fn unreachable_to_string;
+        fn make_variants;
     }
     WherePredicates(SmallVec<[ast::WherePredicate; 1]>) {
         "where predicate";
-        many fn flat_map_where_predicate;
-        fn visit_where_predicate();
+        many fn flat_map_where_predicate; fn visit_where_predicate(); fn unreachable_to_string;
         fn make_where_predicates;
-     }
-    Crate(ast::Crate) { "crate"; one fn visit_crate; fn visit_crate; fn make_crate; }
+    }
+    Crate(ast::Crate) {
+        "crate";
+        one fn visit_crate; fn visit_crate; fn unreachable_to_string;
+        fn make_crate;
+    }
 }
 
 pub enum SupportsMacroExpansion {
@@ -270,7 +316,7 @@ impl AstFragmentKind {
         }
     }
 
-    fn expect_from_annotatables<I: IntoIterator<Item = Annotatable>>(
+    pub(crate) fn expect_from_annotatables<I: IntoIterator<Item = Annotatable>>(
         self,
         items: I,
     ) -> AstFragment {
@@ -686,13 +732,26 @@ impl<'a, 'b> MacroExpander<'a, 'b> {
             return ExpandResult::Ready(invoc.fragment_kind.dummy(invoc.span(), guar));
         }
 
+        let macro_stats = self.cx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.macro_stats;
+
         let (fragment_kind, span) = (invoc.fragment_kind, invoc.span());
         ExpandResult::Ready(match invoc.kind {
             InvocationKind::Bang { mac, span } => match ext {
                 SyntaxExtensionKind::Bang(expander) => {
                     match expander.expand(self.cx, span, mac.args.tokens.clone()) {
                         Ok(tok_result) => {
-                            self.parse_ast_fragment(tok_result, fragment_kind, &mac.path, span)
+                            let fragment =
+                                self.parse_ast_fragment(tok_result, fragment_kind, &mac.path, span);
+                            if macro_stats {
+                                update_bang_macro_stats(
+                                    self.cx,
+                                    fragment_kind,
+                                    span,
+                                    mac,
+                                    &fragment,
+                                );
+                            }
+                            fragment
                         }
                         Err(guar) => return ExpandResult::Ready(fragment_kind.dummy(span, guar)),
                     }
@@ -708,13 +767,15 @@ impl<'a, 'b> MacroExpander<'a, 'b> {
                             });
                         }
                     };
-                    let result = if let Some(result) = fragment_kind.make_from(tok_result) {
-                        result
+                    if let Some(fragment) = fragment_kind.make_from(tok_result) {
+                        if macro_stats {
+                            update_bang_macro_stats(self.cx, fragment_kind, span, mac, &fragment);
+                        }
+                        fragment
                     } else {
                         let guar = self.error_wrong_fragment_kind(fragment_kind, &mac, span);
                         fragment_kind.dummy(span, guar)
-                    };
-                    result
+                    }
                 }
                 _ => unreachable!(),
             },
@@ -746,24 +807,39 @@ impl<'a, 'b> MacroExpander<'a, 'b> {
                         }
                         _ => item.to_tokens(),
                     };
-                    let attr_item = attr.unwrap_normal_item();
+                    let attr_item = attr.get_normal_item();
                     if let AttrArgs::Eq { .. } = attr_item.args {
                         self.cx.dcx().emit_err(UnsupportedKeyValue { span });
                     }
                     let inner_tokens = attr_item.args.inner_tokens();
                     match expander.expand(self.cx, span, inner_tokens, tokens) {
-                        Ok(tok_result) => self.parse_ast_fragment(
-                            tok_result,
-                            fragment_kind,
-                            &attr_item.path,
-                            span,
-                        ),
+                        Ok(tok_result) => {
+                            let fragment = self.parse_ast_fragment(
+                                tok_result,
+                                fragment_kind,
+                                &attr_item.path,
+                                span,
+                            );
+                            if macro_stats {
+                                update_attr_macro_stats(
+                                    self.cx,
+                                    fragment_kind,
+                                    span,
+                                    &attr_item.path,
+                                    &attr,
+                                    item,
+                                    &fragment,
+                                );
+                            }
+                            fragment
+                        }
                         Err(guar) => return ExpandResult::Ready(fragment_kind.dummy(span, guar)),
                     }
                 }
                 SyntaxExtensionKind::LegacyAttr(expander) => {
                     match validate_attr::parse_meta(&self.cx.sess.psess, &attr) {
                         Ok(meta) => {
+                            let item_clone = macro_stats.then(|| item.clone());
                             let items = match expander.expand(self.cx, span, &meta, item, false) {
                                 ExpandResult::Ready(items) => items,
                                 ExpandResult::Retry(item) => {
@@ -782,7 +858,19 @@ impl<'a, 'b> MacroExpander<'a, 'b> {
                                 let guar = self.cx.dcx().emit_err(RemoveExprNotSupported { span });
                                 fragment_kind.dummy(span, guar)
                             } else {
-                                fragment_kind.expect_from_annotatables(items)
+                                let fragment = fragment_kind.expect_from_annotatables(items);
+                                if macro_stats {
+                                    update_attr_macro_stats(
+                                        self.cx,
+                                        fragment_kind,
+                                        span,
+                                        &meta.path,
+                                        &attr,
+                                        item_clone.unwrap(),
+                                        &fragment,
+                                    );
+                                }
+                                fragment
                             }
                         }
                         Err(err) => {
@@ -792,6 +880,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b> MacroExpander<'a, 'b> {
                     }
                 }
                 SyntaxExtensionKind::NonMacroAttr => {
+                    // `-Zmacro-stats` ignores these because they don't do any real expansion.
                     self.cx.expanded_inert_attrs.mark(&attr);
                     item.visit_attrs(|attrs| attrs.insert(pos, attr));
                     fragment_kind.expect_from_annotatables(iter::once(item))
@@ -822,7 +911,17 @@ impl<'a, 'b> MacroExpander<'a, 'b> {
                             });
                         }
                     };
-                    fragment_kind.expect_from_annotatables(items)
+                    let fragment = fragment_kind.expect_from_annotatables(items);
+                    if macro_stats {
+                        update_derive_macro_stats(
+                            self.cx,
+                            fragment_kind,
+                            span,
+                            &meta.path,
+                            &fragment,
+                        );
+                    }
+                    fragment
                 }
                 _ => unreachable!(),
             },
@@ -852,6 +951,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b> MacroExpander<'a, 'b> {
                 let single_delegations = build_single_delegations::<Node>(
                     self.cx, deleg, &item, &suffixes, item.span, true,
                 );
+                // `-Zmacro-stats` ignores these because they don't seem important.
                 fragment_kind.expect_from_annotatables(
                     single_delegations
                         .map(|item| Annotatable::AssocItem(P(item), AssocCtxt::Impl { of_trait })),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/lib.rs
index 515d82296ca..64be7649775 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/lib.rs
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ mod errors;
 mod mbe;
 mod placeholders;
 mod proc_macro_server;
+mod stats;
 
 pub use mbe::macro_rules::compile_declarative_macro;
 pub mod base;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/mbe/macro_check.rs b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/mbe/macro_check.rs
index 1a2db233b7a..3cd803c3e84 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/mbe/macro_check.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/mbe/macro_check.rs
@@ -112,9 +112,8 @@ use rustc_ast::{DUMMY_NODE_ID, NodeId};
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashMap;
 use rustc_errors::MultiSpan;
 use rustc_lint_defs::BuiltinLintDiag;
-use rustc_session::lint::builtin::{META_VARIABLE_MISUSE, MISSING_FRAGMENT_SPECIFIER};
+use rustc_session::lint::builtin::META_VARIABLE_MISUSE;
 use rustc_session::parse::ParseSess;
-use rustc_span::edition::Edition;
 use rustc_span::{ErrorGuaranteed, MacroRulesNormalizedIdent, Span, kw};
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
 
@@ -266,23 +265,11 @@ fn check_binders(
         // Similarly, this can only happen when checking a toplevel macro.
         TokenTree::MetaVarDecl(span, name, kind) => {
             if kind.is_none() && node_id != DUMMY_NODE_ID {
-                // FIXME: Report this as a hard error eventually and remove equivalent errors from
-                // `parse_tt_inner` and `nameize`. Until then the error may be reported twice, once
-                // as a hard error and then once as a buffered lint.
-                if span.edition() >= Edition::Edition2024 {
-                    psess.dcx().emit_err(errors::MissingFragmentSpecifier {
-                        span,
-                        add_span: span.shrink_to_hi(),
-                        valid: VALID_FRAGMENT_NAMES_MSG,
-                    });
-                } else {
-                    psess.buffer_lint(
-                        MISSING_FRAGMENT_SPECIFIER,
-                        span,
-                        node_id,
-                        BuiltinLintDiag::MissingFragmentSpecifier,
-                    );
-                }
+                psess.dcx().emit_err(errors::MissingFragmentSpecifier {
+                    span,
+                    add_span: span.shrink_to_hi(),
+                    valid: VALID_FRAGMENT_NAMES_MSG,
+                });
             }
             if !macros.is_empty() {
                 psess.dcx().span_bug(span, "unexpected MetaVarDecl in nested lhs");
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/stats.rs b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/stats.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6b2ad30dffd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/stats.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+use std::iter;
+
+use rustc_ast::ptr::P;
+use rustc_ast::{self as ast, DUMMY_NODE_ID, Expr, ExprKind};
+use rustc_ast_pretty::pprust;
+use rustc_span::hygiene::{ExpnKind, MacroKind};
+use rustc_span::{Span, Symbol, kw, sym};
+use smallvec::SmallVec;
+
+use crate::base::{Annotatable, ExtCtxt};
+use crate::expand::{AstFragment, AstFragmentKind};
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct MacroStat {
+    /// Number of uses of the macro.
+    pub uses: usize,
+
+    /// Net increase in number of lines of code (when pretty-printed), i.e.
+    /// `lines(output) - lines(invocation)`. Can be negative because a macro
+    /// output may be smaller than the invocation.
+    pub lines: isize,
+
+    /// Net increase in number of lines of code (when pretty-printed), i.e.
+    /// `bytes(output) - bytes(invocation)`. Can be negative because a macro
+    /// output may be smaller than the invocation.
+    pub bytes: isize,
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn elems_to_string<T>(elems: &SmallVec<[T; 1]>, f: impl Fn(&T) -> String) -> String {
+    let mut s = String::new();
+    for (i, elem) in elems.iter().enumerate() {
+        if i > 0 {
+            s.push('\n');
+        }
+        s.push_str(&f(elem));
+    }
+    s
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn unreachable_to_string<T>(_: &T) -> String {
+    unreachable!()
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn update_bang_macro_stats(
+    ecx: &mut ExtCtxt<'_>,
+    fragment_kind: AstFragmentKind,
+    span: Span,
+    mac: P<ast::MacCall>,
+    fragment: &AstFragment,
+) {
+    // Does this path match any of the include macros, e.g. `include!`?
+    // Ignore them. They would have large numbers but are entirely
+    // unsurprising and uninteresting.
+    let is_include_path = mac.path == sym::include
+        || mac.path == sym::include_bytes
+        || mac.path == sym::include_str
+        || mac.path == [sym::std, sym::include].as_slice() // std::include
+        || mac.path == [sym::std, sym::include_bytes].as_slice() // std::include_bytes
+        || mac.path == [sym::std, sym::include_str].as_slice(); // std::include_str
+    if is_include_path {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // The call itself (e.g. `println!("hi")`) is the input. Need to wrap
+    // `mac` in something printable; `ast::Expr` is as good as anything
+    // else.
+    let expr = Expr {
+        id: DUMMY_NODE_ID,
+        kind: ExprKind::MacCall(mac),
+        span: Default::default(),
+        attrs: Default::default(),
+        tokens: None,
+    };
+    let input = pprust::expr_to_string(&expr);
+
+    // Get `mac` back out of `expr`.
+    let ast::Expr { kind: ExprKind::MacCall(mac), .. } = expr else { unreachable!() };
+
+    update_macro_stats(ecx, MacroKind::Bang, fragment_kind, span, &mac.path, &input, fragment);
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn update_attr_macro_stats(
+    ecx: &mut ExtCtxt<'_>,
+    fragment_kind: AstFragmentKind,
+    span: Span,
+    path: &ast::Path,
+    attr: &ast::Attribute,
+    item: Annotatable,
+    fragment: &AstFragment,
+) {
+    // Does this path match `#[derive(...)]` in any of its forms? If so,
+    // ignore it because the individual derives will go through the
+    // `Invocation::Derive` handling separately.
+    let is_derive_path = *path == sym::derive
+        // ::core::prelude::v1::derive
+        || *path == [kw::PathRoot, sym::core, sym::prelude, sym::v1, sym::derive].as_slice();
+    if is_derive_path {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // The attribute plus the item itself constitute the input, which we
+    // measure.
+    let input = format!(
+        "{}\n{}",
+        pprust::attribute_to_string(attr),
+        fragment_kind.expect_from_annotatables(iter::once(item)).to_string(),
+    );
+    update_macro_stats(ecx, MacroKind::Attr, fragment_kind, span, path, &input, fragment);
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn update_derive_macro_stats(
+    ecx: &mut ExtCtxt<'_>,
+    fragment_kind: AstFragmentKind,
+    span: Span,
+    path: &ast::Path,
+    fragment: &AstFragment,
+) {
+    // Use something like `#[derive(Clone)]` for the measured input, even
+    // though it may have actually appeared in a multi-derive attribute
+    // like `#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]`.
+    let input = format!("#[derive({})]", pprust::path_to_string(path));
+    update_macro_stats(ecx, MacroKind::Derive, fragment_kind, span, path, &input, fragment);
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn update_macro_stats(
+    ecx: &mut ExtCtxt<'_>,
+    macro_kind: MacroKind,
+    fragment_kind: AstFragmentKind,
+    span: Span,
+    path: &ast::Path,
+    input: &str,
+    fragment: &AstFragment,
+) {
+    fn lines_and_bytes(s: &str) -> (usize, usize) {
+        (s.trim_end().split('\n').count(), s.len())
+    }
+
+    // Measure the size of the output by pretty-printing it and counting
+    // the lines and bytes.
+    let name = Symbol::intern(&pprust::path_to_string(path));
+    let output = fragment.to_string();
+    let (in_l, in_b) = lines_and_bytes(input);
+    let (out_l, out_b) = lines_and_bytes(&output);
+
+    // This code is useful for debugging `-Zmacro-stats`. For every
+    // invocation it prints the full input and output.
+    if false {
+        let name = ExpnKind::Macro(macro_kind, name).descr();
+        let crate_name = &ecx.ecfg.crate_name;
+        let span = ecx
+            .sess
+            .source_map()
+            .span_to_string(span, rustc_span::FileNameDisplayPreference::Local);
+        eprint!(
+            "\
+            -------------------------------\n\
+            {name}: [{crate_name}] ({fragment_kind:?}) {span}\n\
+            -------------------------------\n\
+            {input}\n\
+            -- ({in_l} lines, {in_b} bytes) --> ({out_l} lines, {out_b} bytes) --\n\
+            {output}\n\
+        "
+        );
+    }
+
+    // The recorded size is the difference between the input and the output.
+    let entry = ecx.macro_stats.entry((name, macro_kind)).or_insert(MacroStat::default());
+    entry.uses += 1;
+    entry.lines += out_l as isize - in_l as isize;
+    entry.bytes += out_b as isize - in_b as isize;
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_feature/src/accepted.rs b/compiler/rustc_feature/src/accepted.rs
index ffa6ffb40b6..b1c185220f4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_feature/src/accepted.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_feature/src/accepted.rs
@@ -259,6 +259,8 @@ declare_features! (
     /// Allows some increased flexibility in the name resolution rules,
     /// especially around globs and shadowing (RFC 1560).
     (accepted, item_like_imports, "1.15.0", Some(35120)),
+    // Allows using the `kl` and `widekl` target features and the associated intrinsics
+    (accepted, keylocker_x86, "CURRENT_RUSTC_VERSION", Some(134813)),
     /// Allows `'a: { break 'a; }`.
     (accepted, label_break_value, "1.65.0", Some(48594)),
     /// Allows `let...else` statements.
@@ -382,6 +384,8 @@ declare_features! (
     (accepted, self_in_typedefs, "1.32.0", Some(49303)),
     /// Allows `Self` struct constructor (RFC 2302).
     (accepted, self_struct_ctor, "1.32.0", Some(51994)),
+    /// Allows use of x86 SHA512, SM3 and SM4 target-features and intrinsics
+    (accepted, sha512_sm_x86, "CURRENT_RUSTC_VERSION", Some(126624)),
     /// Shortern the tail expression lifetime
     (accepted, shorter_tail_lifetimes, "1.84.0", Some(123739)),
     /// Allows using subslice patterns, `[a, .., b]` and `[a, xs @ .., b]`.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_feature/src/builtin_attrs.rs b/compiler/rustc_feature/src/builtin_attrs.rs
index c117e0fcf7c..73a21789c5d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_feature/src/builtin_attrs.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_feature/src/builtin_attrs.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashMap;
 use rustc_span::edition::Edition;
 use rustc_span::{Symbol, sym};
 
-use crate::{Features, Stability};
+use crate::Features;
 
 type GateFn = fn(&Features) -> bool;
 
@@ -94,34 +94,23 @@ pub enum AttributeSafety {
     Unsafe { unsafe_since: Option<Edition> },
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Copy)]
 pub enum AttributeGate {
-    /// Is gated by a given feature gate, reason
-    /// and function to check if enabled
-    Gated(Stability, Symbol, &'static str, fn(&Features) -> bool),
-
+    /// A gated attribute which requires a feature gate to be enabled.
+    Gated {
+        /// The feature gate, for example `#![feature(rustc_attrs)]` for rustc_* attributes.
+        feature: Symbol,
+        /// The error message displayed when an attempt is made to use the attribute without its feature gate.
+        message: &'static str,
+        /// Check function to be called during the `PostExpansionVisitor` pass.
+        check: fn(&Features) -> bool,
+        /// Notes to be displayed when an attempt is made to use the attribute without its feature gate.
+        notes: &'static [&'static str],
+    },
     /// Ungated attribute, can be used on all release channels
     Ungated,
 }
 
-// fn() is not Debug
-impl std::fmt::Debug for AttributeGate {
-    fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        match *self {
-            Self::Gated(ref stab, name, expl, _) => {
-                write!(fmt, "Gated({stab:?}, {name}, {expl})")
-            }
-            Self::Ungated => write!(fmt, "Ungated"),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl AttributeGate {
-    fn is_deprecated(&self) -> bool {
-        matches!(*self, Self::Gated(Stability::Deprecated(_, _), ..))
-    }
-}
-
 /// A template that the attribute input must match.
 /// Only top-level shape (`#[attr]` vs `#[attr(...)]` vs `#[attr = ...]`) is considered now.
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Default)]
@@ -247,7 +236,7 @@ macro_rules! ungated {
 }
 
 macro_rules! gated {
-    (unsafe $attr:ident, $typ:expr, $tpl:expr, $duplicates:expr, $encode_cross_crate:expr, $gate:ident, $msg:expr $(,)?) => {
+    (unsafe $attr:ident, $typ:expr, $tpl:expr, $duplicates:expr, $encode_cross_crate:expr, $gate:ident, $message:expr $(,)?) => {
         BuiltinAttribute {
             name: sym::$attr,
             encode_cross_crate: $encode_cross_crate,
@@ -255,10 +244,15 @@ macro_rules! gated {
             safety: AttributeSafety::Unsafe { unsafe_since: None },
             template: $tpl,
             duplicates: $duplicates,
-            gate: Gated(Stability::Unstable, sym::$gate, $msg, Features::$gate),
+            gate: Gated {
+                feature: sym::$gate,
+                message: $message,
+                check: Features::$gate,
+                notes: &[],
+            },
         }
     };
-    (unsafe $attr:ident, $typ:expr, $tpl:expr, $duplicates:expr, $encode_cross_crate:expr, $msg:expr $(,)?) => {
+    (unsafe $attr:ident, $typ:expr, $tpl:expr, $duplicates:expr, $encode_cross_crate:expr, $message:expr $(,)?) => {
         BuiltinAttribute {
             name: sym::$attr,
             encode_cross_crate: $encode_cross_crate,
@@ -266,10 +260,15 @@ macro_rules! gated {
             safety: AttributeSafety::Unsafe { unsafe_since: None },
             template: $tpl,
             duplicates: $duplicates,
-            gate: Gated(Stability::Unstable, sym::$attr, $msg, Features::$attr),
+            gate: Gated {
+                feature: sym::$attr,
+                message: $message,
+                check: Features::$attr,
+                notes: &[],
+            },
         }
     };
-    ($attr:ident, $typ:expr, $tpl:expr, $duplicates:expr, $encode_cross_crate:expr, $gate:ident, $msg:expr $(,)?) => {
+    ($attr:ident, $typ:expr, $tpl:expr, $duplicates:expr, $encode_cross_crate:expr, $gate:ident, $message:expr $(,)?) => {
         BuiltinAttribute {
             name: sym::$attr,
             encode_cross_crate: $encode_cross_crate,
@@ -277,10 +276,15 @@ macro_rules! gated {
             safety: AttributeSafety::Normal,
             template: $tpl,
             duplicates: $duplicates,
-            gate: Gated(Stability::Unstable, sym::$gate, $msg, Features::$gate),
+            gate: Gated {
+                feature: sym::$gate,
+                message: $message,
+                check: Features::$gate,
+                notes: &[],
+            },
         }
     };
-    ($attr:ident, $typ:expr, $tpl:expr, $duplicates:expr, $encode_cross_crate:expr, $msg:expr $(,)?) => {
+    ($attr:ident, $typ:expr, $tpl:expr, $duplicates:expr, $encode_cross_crate:expr, $message:expr $(,)?) => {
         BuiltinAttribute {
             name: sym::$attr,
             encode_cross_crate: $encode_cross_crate,
@@ -288,7 +292,12 @@ macro_rules! gated {
             safety: AttributeSafety::Normal,
             template: $tpl,
             duplicates: $duplicates,
-            gate: Gated(Stability::Unstable, sym::$attr, $msg, Features::$attr),
+            gate: Gated {
+                feature: sym::$attr,
+                message: $message,
+                check: Features::$attr,
+                notes: &[],
+            },
         }
     };
 }
@@ -304,12 +313,11 @@ macro_rules! rustc_attr {
             concat!(
                 "the `#[",
                 stringify!($attr),
-                "]` attribute is just used for rustc unit tests \
-                and will never be stable",
+                "]` attribute is used for rustc unit tests"
             ),
         )
     };
-    ($attr:ident, $typ:expr, $tpl:expr, $duplicates:expr, $encode_cross_crate:expr, $msg:expr $(,)?) => {
+    ($attr:ident, $typ:expr, $tpl:expr, $duplicates:expr, $encode_cross_crate:expr, $($notes:expr),* $(,)?) => {
         BuiltinAttribute {
             name: sym::$attr,
             encode_cross_crate: $encode_cross_crate,
@@ -317,7 +325,17 @@ macro_rules! rustc_attr {
             safety: AttributeSafety::Normal,
             template: $tpl,
             duplicates: $duplicates,
-            gate: Gated(Stability::Unstable, sym::rustc_attrs, $msg, Features::rustc_attrs),
+            gate: Gated {
+                feature: sym::rustc_attrs,
+                message: "use of an internal attribute",
+                check: Features::rustc_attrs,
+                notes: &[
+                    concat!("the `#[",
+                    stringify!($attr),
+                    "]` attribute is an internal implementation detail that will never be stable"),
+                    $($notes),*
+                    ]
+            },
         }
     };
 }
@@ -328,9 +346,6 @@ macro_rules! experimental {
     };
 }
 
-const IMPL_DETAIL: &str = "internal implementation detail";
-const INTERNAL_UNSTABLE: &str = "this is an internal attribute that will never be stable";
-
 #[derive(PartialEq)]
 pub enum EncodeCrossCrate {
     Yes,
@@ -668,7 +683,7 @@ pub static BUILTIN_ATTRIBUTES: &[BuiltinAttribute] = &[
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_deprecated_safe_2024, Normal, template!(List: r#"audit_that = "...""#),
         ErrorFollowing, EncodeCrossCrate::Yes,
-        "rustc_deprecated_safe_2024 is supposed to be used in libstd only",
+        "`#[rustc_deprecated_safe_2024]` is used to declare functions unsafe across the edition 2024 boundary",
     ),
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_pub_transparent, Normal, template!(Word),
@@ -695,7 +710,7 @@ pub static BUILTIN_ATTRIBUTES: &[BuiltinAttribute] = &[
         ErrorFollowing,
         EncodeCrossCrate::No,
         "`rustc_never_type_options` is used to experiment with never type fallback and work on \
-         never type stabilization, and will never be stable"
+         never type stabilization"
     ),
 
     // ==========================================================================
@@ -704,23 +719,23 @@ pub static BUILTIN_ATTRIBUTES: &[BuiltinAttribute] = &[
 
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_allocator, Normal, template!(Word), WarnFollowing,
-        EncodeCrossCrate::No, IMPL_DETAIL
+        EncodeCrossCrate::No,
     ),
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_nounwind, Normal, template!(Word), WarnFollowing,
-        EncodeCrossCrate::No, IMPL_DETAIL
+        EncodeCrossCrate::No,
     ),
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_reallocator, Normal, template!(Word), WarnFollowing,
-        EncodeCrossCrate::No, IMPL_DETAIL
+        EncodeCrossCrate::No,
     ),
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_deallocator, Normal, template!(Word), WarnFollowing,
-        EncodeCrossCrate::No, IMPL_DETAIL
+        EncodeCrossCrate::No,
     ),
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_allocator_zeroed, Normal, template!(Word), WarnFollowing,
-        EncodeCrossCrate::No, IMPL_DETAIL
+        EncodeCrossCrate::No,
     ),
     gated!(
         default_lib_allocator, Normal, template!(Word), WarnFollowing,
@@ -762,7 +777,7 @@ pub static BUILTIN_ATTRIBUTES: &[BuiltinAttribute] = &[
     ),
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_std_internal_symbol, Normal, template!(Word), WarnFollowing,
-        EncodeCrossCrate::No, INTERNAL_UNSTABLE
+        EncodeCrossCrate::No,
     ),
 
     // ==========================================================================
@@ -772,11 +787,11 @@ pub static BUILTIN_ATTRIBUTES: &[BuiltinAttribute] = &[
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_builtin_macro, Normal,
         template!(Word, List: "name, /*opt*/ attributes(name1, name2, ...)"), ErrorFollowing,
-        EncodeCrossCrate::Yes, IMPL_DETAIL
+        EncodeCrossCrate::Yes,
     ),
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_proc_macro_decls, Normal, template!(Word), WarnFollowing,
-        EncodeCrossCrate::No, INTERNAL_UNSTABLE
+        EncodeCrossCrate::No,
     ),
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_macro_transparency, Normal,
@@ -786,7 +801,7 @@ pub static BUILTIN_ATTRIBUTES: &[BuiltinAttribute] = &[
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_autodiff, Normal,
         template!(Word, List: r#""...""#), DuplicatesOk,
-        EncodeCrossCrate::Yes, INTERNAL_UNSTABLE
+        EncodeCrossCrate::Yes,
     ),
     // Traces that are left when `cfg` and `cfg_attr` attributes are expanded.
     // The attributes are not gated, to avoid stability errors, but they cannot be used in stable
@@ -812,54 +827,53 @@ pub static BUILTIN_ATTRIBUTES: &[BuiltinAttribute] = &[
             NameValueStr: "message"
         ),
         ErrorFollowing, EncodeCrossCrate::Yes,
-        INTERNAL_UNSTABLE
+        "see `#[diagnostic::on_unimplemented]` for the stable equivalent of this attribute"
     ),
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_confusables, Normal,
         template!(List: r#""name1", "name2", ..."#),
         ErrorFollowing, EncodeCrossCrate::Yes,
-        INTERNAL_UNSTABLE,
     ),
     // Enumerates "identity-like" conversion methods to suggest on type mismatch.
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_conversion_suggestion, Normal, template!(Word),
-        WarnFollowing, EncodeCrossCrate::Yes, INTERNAL_UNSTABLE
+        WarnFollowing, EncodeCrossCrate::Yes,
     ),
     // Prevents field reads in the marked trait or method to be considered
     // during dead code analysis.
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_trivial_field_reads, Normal, template!(Word),
-        WarnFollowing, EncodeCrossCrate::Yes, INTERNAL_UNSTABLE
+        WarnFollowing, EncodeCrossCrate::Yes,
     ),
     // Used by the `rustc::potential_query_instability` lint to warn methods which
     // might not be stable during incremental compilation.
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_lint_query_instability, Normal, template!(Word),
-        WarnFollowing, EncodeCrossCrate::Yes, INTERNAL_UNSTABLE
+        WarnFollowing, EncodeCrossCrate::Yes,
     ),
     // Used by the `rustc::untracked_query_information` lint to warn methods which
     // might not be stable during incremental compilation.
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_lint_untracked_query_information, Normal, template!(Word),
-        WarnFollowing, EncodeCrossCrate::Yes, INTERNAL_UNSTABLE
+        WarnFollowing, EncodeCrossCrate::Yes,
     ),
     // Used by the `rustc::diagnostic_outside_of_impl` lints to assist in changes to diagnostic
     // APIs. Any function with this attribute will be checked by that lint.
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_lint_diagnostics, Normal, template!(Word),
-        WarnFollowing, EncodeCrossCrate::Yes, INTERNAL_UNSTABLE
+        WarnFollowing, EncodeCrossCrate::Yes,
     ),
     // Used by the `rustc::bad_opt_access` lint to identify `DebuggingOptions` and `CodegenOptions`
     // types (as well as any others in future).
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_lint_opt_ty, Normal, template!(Word),
-        WarnFollowing, EncodeCrossCrate::Yes, INTERNAL_UNSTABLE
+        WarnFollowing, EncodeCrossCrate::Yes,
     ),
     // Used by the `rustc::bad_opt_access` lint on fields
     // types (as well as any others in future).
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_lint_opt_deny_field_access, Normal, template!(List: "message"),
-        WarnFollowing, EncodeCrossCrate::Yes, INTERNAL_UNSTABLE
+        WarnFollowing, EncodeCrossCrate::Yes,
     ),
 
     // ==========================================================================
@@ -868,28 +882,30 @@ pub static BUILTIN_ATTRIBUTES: &[BuiltinAttribute] = &[
 
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_promotable, Normal, template!(Word), WarnFollowing,
-        EncodeCrossCrate::No, IMPL_DETAIL),
+        EncodeCrossCrate::No, ),
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_legacy_const_generics, Normal, template!(List: "N"), ErrorFollowing,
-        EncodeCrossCrate::Yes, INTERNAL_UNSTABLE
+        EncodeCrossCrate::Yes,
     ),
     // Do not const-check this function's body. It will always get replaced during CTFE.
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_do_not_const_check, Normal, template!(Word), WarnFollowing,
-        EncodeCrossCrate::Yes, INTERNAL_UNSTABLE
+        EncodeCrossCrate::Yes, "`#[rustc_do_not_const_check]` skips const-check for this function's body",
     ),
-    // Ensure the argument to this function is &&str during const-check.
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_const_panic_str, Normal, template!(Word), WarnFollowing,
-        EncodeCrossCrate::Yes, INTERNAL_UNSTABLE
+        EncodeCrossCrate::Yes, "`#[rustc_const_panic_str]` ensures the argument to this function is &&str during const-check",
     ),
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_const_stable_indirect, Normal,
-        template!(Word), WarnFollowing, EncodeCrossCrate::No, IMPL_DETAIL,
+        template!(Word),
+        WarnFollowing,
+        EncodeCrossCrate::No,
+        "this is an internal implementation detail",
     ),
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_intrinsic_const_stable_indirect, Normal,
-        template!(Word), WarnFollowing, EncodeCrossCrate::No, IMPL_DETAIL,
+        template!(Word), WarnFollowing, EncodeCrossCrate::No,  "this is an internal implementation detail",
     ),
     gated!(
         rustc_allow_const_fn_unstable, Normal,
@@ -905,21 +921,21 @@ pub static BUILTIN_ATTRIBUTES: &[BuiltinAttribute] = &[
         rustc_layout_scalar_valid_range_start, Normal, template!(List: "value"), ErrorFollowing,
         EncodeCrossCrate::Yes,
         "the `#[rustc_layout_scalar_valid_range_start]` attribute is just used to enable \
-        niche optimizations in libcore and libstd and will never be stable",
+        niche optimizations in the standard library",
     ),
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_layout_scalar_valid_range_end, Normal, template!(List: "value"), ErrorFollowing,
         EncodeCrossCrate::Yes,
         "the `#[rustc_layout_scalar_valid_range_end]` attribute is just used to enable \
-        niche optimizations in libcore and libstd and will never be stable",
+        niche optimizations in the standard library",
     ),
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_nonnull_optimization_guaranteed, Normal, template!(Word), WarnFollowing,
         EncodeCrossCrate::Yes,
         "the `#[rustc_nonnull_optimization_guaranteed]` attribute is just used to document \
-        guaranteed niche optimizations in libcore and libstd and will never be stable\n\
-        (note that the compiler does not even check whether the type indeed is being non-null-optimized; \
-        it is your responsibility to ensure that the attribute is only used on types that are optimized)",
+        guaranteed niche optimizations in the standard library",
+        "the compiler does not even check whether the type indeed is being non-null-optimized; \
+        it is your responsibility to ensure that the attribute is only used on types that are optimized",
     ),
 
     // ==========================================================================
@@ -932,17 +948,17 @@ pub static BUILTIN_ATTRIBUTES: &[BuiltinAttribute] = &[
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_as_ptr, Normal, template!(Word), ErrorFollowing,
         EncodeCrossCrate::Yes,
-        "#[rustc_as_ptr] is used to mark functions returning pointers to their inner allocations."
+        "`#[rustc_as_ptr]` is used to mark functions returning pointers to their inner allocations."
     ),
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_pass_by_value, Normal, template!(Word), ErrorFollowing,
         EncodeCrossCrate::Yes,
-        "#[rustc_pass_by_value] is used to mark types that must be passed by value instead of reference."
+        "`#[rustc_pass_by_value]` is used to mark types that must be passed by value instead of reference."
     ),
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_never_returns_null_ptr, Normal, template!(Word), ErrorFollowing,
         EncodeCrossCrate::Yes,
-        "#[rustc_never_returns_null_ptr] is used to mark functions returning non-null pointers."
+        "`#[rustc_never_returns_null_ptr]` is used to mark functions returning non-null pointers."
     ),
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_no_implicit_autorefs, AttributeType::Normal, template!(Word), ErrorFollowing, EncodeCrossCrate::Yes,
@@ -950,15 +966,15 @@ pub static BUILTIN_ATTRIBUTES: &[BuiltinAttribute] = &[
     ),
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_coherence_is_core, AttributeType::CrateLevel, template!(Word), ErrorFollowing, EncodeCrossCrate::No,
-        "#![rustc_coherence_is_core] allows inherent methods on builtin types, only intended to be used in `core`."
+        "`#![rustc_coherence_is_core]` allows inherent methods on builtin types, only intended to be used in `core`."
     ),
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_coinductive, AttributeType::Normal, template!(Word), WarnFollowing, EncodeCrossCrate::No,
-        "#![rustc_coinductive] changes a trait to be coinductive, allowing cycles in the trait solver."
+        "`#[rustc_coinductive]` changes a trait to be coinductive, allowing cycles in the trait solver."
     ),
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_allow_incoherent_impl, AttributeType::Normal, template!(Word), ErrorFollowing, EncodeCrossCrate::No,
-        "#[rustc_allow_incoherent_impl] has to be added to all impl items of an incoherent inherent impl."
+        "`#[rustc_allow_incoherent_impl]` has to be added to all impl items of an incoherent inherent impl."
     ),
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_preserve_ub_checks, AttributeType::CrateLevel, template!(Word), ErrorFollowing, EncodeCrossCrate::No,
@@ -970,7 +986,7 @@ pub static BUILTIN_ATTRIBUTES: &[BuiltinAttribute] = &[
         template!(Word),
         ErrorFollowing,
         EncodeCrossCrate::No,
-        "#[rustc_deny_explicit_impl] enforces that a trait can have no user-provided impls"
+        "`#[rustc_deny_explicit_impl]` enforces that a trait can have no user-provided impls"
     ),
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_do_not_implement_via_object,
@@ -978,14 +994,14 @@ pub static BUILTIN_ATTRIBUTES: &[BuiltinAttribute] = &[
         template!(Word),
         ErrorFollowing,
         EncodeCrossCrate::No,
-        "#[rustc_do_not_implement_via_object] opts out of the automatic trait impl for trait objects \
+        "`#[rustc_do_not_implement_via_object]` opts out of the automatic trait impl for trait objects \
         (`impl Trait for dyn Trait`)"
     ),
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_has_incoherent_inherent_impls, AttributeType::Normal, template!(Word),
         ErrorFollowing, EncodeCrossCrate::Yes,
-        "#[rustc_has_incoherent_inherent_impls] allows the addition of incoherent inherent impls for \
-         the given type by annotating all impl items with #[rustc_allow_incoherent_impl]."
+        "`#[rustc_has_incoherent_inherent_impls]` allows the addition of incoherent inherent impls for \
+         the given type by annotating all impl items with `#[rustc_allow_incoherent_impl]`."
     ),
 
     BuiltinAttribute {
@@ -996,12 +1012,13 @@ pub static BUILTIN_ATTRIBUTES: &[BuiltinAttribute] = &[
         safety: AttributeSafety::Normal,
         template: template!(NameValueStr: "name"),
         duplicates: ErrorFollowing,
-        gate: Gated(
-            Stability::Unstable,
-            sym::rustc_attrs,
-            "diagnostic items compiler internal support for linting",
-            Features::rustc_attrs,
-        ),
+        gate: Gated{
+            feature: sym::rustc_attrs,
+            message: "use of an internal attribute",
+            check: Features::rustc_attrs,
+            notes: &["the `#[rustc_diagnostic_item]` attribute allows the compiler to reference types \
+            from the standard library for diagnostic purposes"],
+        },
     },
     gated!(
         // Used in resolve:
@@ -1015,14 +1032,14 @@ pub static BUILTIN_ATTRIBUTES: &[BuiltinAttribute] = &[
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_inherit_overflow_checks, Normal, template!(Word), WarnFollowing, EncodeCrossCrate::No,
         "the `#[rustc_inherit_overflow_checks]` attribute is just used to control \
-        overflow checking behavior of several libcore functions that are inlined \
-        across crates and will never be stable",
+        overflow checking behavior of several functions in the standard library that are inlined \
+        across crates",
     ),
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_reservation_impl, Normal,
         template!(NameValueStr: "reservation message"), ErrorFollowing, EncodeCrossCrate::Yes,
         "the `#[rustc_reservation_impl]` attribute is internally used \
-         for reserving for `for<T> From<!> for T` impl"
+        for reserving `impl<T> From<!> for T` as part of the effort to stabilize `!`"
     ),
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_test_marker, Normal, template!(NameValueStr: "name"), WarnFollowing,
@@ -1053,12 +1070,13 @@ pub static BUILTIN_ATTRIBUTES: &[BuiltinAttribute] = &[
         rustc_must_implement_one_of, Normal, template!(List: "function1, function2, ..."),
         ErrorFollowing, EncodeCrossCrate::No,
         "the `#[rustc_must_implement_one_of]` attribute is used to change minimal complete \
-        definition of a trait, it's currently in experimental form and should be changed before \
-        being exposed outside of the std"
+        definition of a trait. Its syntax and semantics are highly experimental and will be \
+        subject to change before stabilization",
     ),
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_doc_primitive, Normal, template!(NameValueStr: "primitive name"), ErrorFollowing,
-        EncodeCrossCrate::Yes, r#"`rustc_doc_primitive` is a rustc internal attribute"#,
+        EncodeCrossCrate::Yes, "the `#[rustc_doc_primitive]` attribute is used by the standard library \
+        to provide a way to generate documentation for primitive types",
     ),
     gated!(
         rustc_intrinsic, Normal, template!(Word), ErrorFollowing, EncodeCrossCrate::Yes, intrinsics,
@@ -1066,11 +1084,11 @@ pub static BUILTIN_ATTRIBUTES: &[BuiltinAttribute] = &[
     ),
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_no_mir_inline, Normal, template!(Word), WarnFollowing, EncodeCrossCrate::Yes,
-        "#[rustc_no_mir_inline] prevents the MIR inliner from inlining a function while not affecting codegen"
+        "`#[rustc_no_mir_inline]` prevents the MIR inliner from inlining a function while not affecting codegen"
     ),
     rustc_attr!(
         rustc_force_inline, Normal, template!(Word, NameValueStr: "reason"), WarnFollowing, EncodeCrossCrate::Yes,
-        "#[rustc_force_inline] forces a free function to be inlined"
+        "`#[rustc_force_inline]` forces a free function to be inlined"
     ),
 
     // ==========================================================================
@@ -1209,10 +1227,6 @@ pub static BUILTIN_ATTRIBUTES: &[BuiltinAttribute] = &[
     ),
 ];
 
-pub fn deprecated_attributes() -> Vec<&'static BuiltinAttribute> {
-    BUILTIN_ATTRIBUTES.iter().filter(|attr| attr.gate.is_deprecated()).collect()
-}
-
 pub fn is_builtin_attr_name(name: Symbol) -> bool {
     BUILTIN_ATTRIBUTE_MAP.get(&name).is_some()
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_feature/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_feature/src/lib.rs
index 25764755a8f..dbc0daa3d83 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_feature/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_feature/src/lib.rs
@@ -40,14 +40,6 @@ pub struct Feature {
     issue: Option<NonZero<u32>>,
 }
 
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
-pub enum Stability {
-    Unstable,
-    // First argument is tracking issue link; second argument is an optional
-    // help message, which defaults to "remove this attribute".
-    Deprecated(&'static str, Option<&'static str>),
-}
-
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Hash)]
 pub enum UnstableFeatures {
     /// Disallow use of unstable features, as on beta/stable channels.
@@ -144,9 +136,8 @@ pub fn find_feature_issue(feature: Symbol, issue: GateIssue) -> Option<NonZero<u
 pub use accepted::ACCEPTED_LANG_FEATURES;
 pub use builtin_attrs::{
     AttributeDuplicates, AttributeGate, AttributeSafety, AttributeTemplate, AttributeType,
-    BUILTIN_ATTRIBUTE_MAP, BUILTIN_ATTRIBUTES, BuiltinAttribute, GatedCfg, deprecated_attributes,
-    encode_cross_crate, find_gated_cfg, is_builtin_attr_name, is_stable_diagnostic_attribute,
-    is_valid_for_get_attr,
+    BUILTIN_ATTRIBUTE_MAP, BUILTIN_ATTRIBUTES, BuiltinAttribute, GatedCfg, encode_cross_crate,
+    find_gated_cfg, is_builtin_attr_name, is_stable_diagnostic_attribute, is_valid_for_get_attr,
 };
 pub use removed::REMOVED_LANG_FEATURES;
 pub use unstable::{
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_feature/src/removed.rs b/compiler/rustc_feature/src/removed.rs
index 013e1d5d0fa..0cd090b25a4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_feature/src/removed.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_feature/src/removed.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 //! List of the removed feature gates.
 
+use std::num::{NonZero, NonZeroU32};
+
 use rustc_span::sym;
 
 use super::{Feature, to_nonzero};
@@ -7,11 +9,21 @@ use super::{Feature, to_nonzero};
 pub struct RemovedFeature {
     pub feature: Feature,
     pub reason: Option<&'static str>,
+    pub pull: Option<NonZero<u32>>,
+}
+
+macro_rules! opt_nonzero_u32 {
+    () => {
+        None
+    };
+    ($val:expr) => {
+        Some(NonZeroU32::new($val).unwrap())
+    };
 }
 
 macro_rules! declare_features {
     ($(
-        $(#[doc = $doc:tt])* (removed, $feature:ident, $ver:expr, $issue:expr, $reason:expr),
+        $(#[doc = $doc:tt])* (removed, $feature:ident, $ver:expr, $issue:expr, $reason:expr $(, $pull:expr)?),
     )+) => {
         /// Formerly unstable features that have now been removed.
         pub static REMOVED_LANG_FEATURES: &[RemovedFeature] = &[
@@ -21,7 +33,8 @@ macro_rules! declare_features {
                     since: $ver,
                     issue: to_nonzero($issue),
                 },
-                reason: $reason
+                reason: $reason,
+                pull:  opt_nonzero_u32!($($pull)?),
             }),+
         ];
     };
@@ -40,64 +53,64 @@ declare_features! (
     // version they got originally added in.)
 
     /// Allows using the `amdgpu-kernel` ABI.
-    (removed, abi_amdgpu_kernel, "1.77.0", Some(51575), None),
-    (removed, advanced_slice_patterns, "1.0.0", Some(62254),
-     Some("merged into `#![feature(slice_patterns)]`")),
+    (removed, abi_amdgpu_kernel, "1.77.0", Some(51575), None, 120495),
+    (removed, advanced_slice_patterns, "1.42.0", Some(62254),
+     Some("merged into `#![feature(slice_patterns)]`"), 67712),
     (removed, allocator, "1.0.0", None, None),
     /// Allows a test to fail without failing the whole suite.
-    (removed, allow_fail, "1.19.0", Some(46488), Some("removed due to no clear use cases")),
+    (removed, allow_fail, "1.60.0", Some(46488), Some("removed due to no clear use cases"), 93416),
     (removed, await_macro, "1.38.0", Some(50547),
-     Some("subsumed by `.await` syntax")),
+     Some("subsumed by `.await` syntax"), 62293),
     /// Allows using the `box $expr` syntax.
-    (removed, box_syntax, "1.70.0", Some(49733), Some("replaced with `#[rustc_box]`")),
+    (removed, box_syntax, "1.70.0", Some(49733), Some("replaced with `#[rustc_box]`"), 108471),
     /// Allows capturing disjoint fields in a closure/coroutine (RFC 2229).
-    (removed, capture_disjoint_fields, "1.49.0", Some(53488), Some("stabilized in Rust 2021")),
+    (removed, capture_disjoint_fields, "1.69.0", Some(53488), Some("stabilized in Rust 2021"), 108550),
     /// Allows comparing raw pointers during const eval.
     (removed, const_compare_raw_pointers, "1.46.0", Some(53020),
-     Some("cannot be allowed in const eval in any meaningful way")),
+     Some("cannot be allowed in const eval in any meaningful way"), 73398),
     /// Allows limiting the evaluation steps of const expressions
-    (removed, const_eval_limit, "1.43.0", Some(67217), Some("removed the limit entirely")),
+    (removed, const_eval_limit, "1.72.0", Some(67217), Some("removed the limit entirely"), 103877),
     /// Allows non-trivial generic constants which have to be manually propagated upwards.
-    (removed, const_evaluatable_checked, "1.48.0", Some(76560), Some("renamed to `generic_const_exprs`")),
+    (removed, const_evaluatable_checked, "1.56.0", Some(76560), Some("renamed to `generic_const_exprs`"), 88369),
     /// Allows the definition of `const` functions with some advanced features.
     (removed, const_fn, "1.54.0", Some(57563),
-     Some("split into finer-grained feature gates")),
+     Some("split into finer-grained feature gates"), 85109),
     /// Allows const generic types (e.g. `struct Foo<const N: usize>(...);`).
-    (removed, const_generics, "1.34.0", Some(44580),
-     Some("removed in favor of `#![feature(adt_const_params)]` and `#![feature(generic_const_exprs)]`")),
+    (removed, const_generics, "1.56.0", Some(44580),
+     Some("removed in favor of `#![feature(adt_const_params)]` and `#![feature(generic_const_exprs)]`"), 88369),
     /// Allows `[x; N]` where `x` is a constant (RFC 2203).
-    (removed, const_in_array_repeat_expressions,  "1.37.0", Some(49147),
-     Some("removed due to causing promotable bugs")),
+    (removed, const_in_array_repeat_expressions,  "1.51.0", Some(49147),
+     Some("removed due to causing promotable bugs"), 80404),
     /// Allows casting raw pointers to `usize` during const eval.
     (removed, const_raw_ptr_to_usize_cast, "1.55.0", Some(51910),
-     Some("at compile-time, pointers do not have an integer value, so these casts cannot be properly supported")),
+     Some("at compile-time, pointers do not have an integer value, so these casts cannot be properly supported"), 87020),
     /// Allows `T: ?const Trait` syntax in bounds.
-    (removed, const_trait_bound_opt_out, "1.42.0", Some(67794),
-     Some("Removed in favor of `~const` bound in #![feature(const_trait_impl)]")),
+    (removed, const_trait_bound_opt_out, "1.56.0", Some(67794),
+     Some("Removed in favor of `~const` bound in #![feature(const_trait_impl)]"), 88328),
     /// Allows using `crate` as visibility modifier, synonymous with `pub(crate)`.
-    (removed, crate_visibility_modifier, "1.63.0", Some(53120), Some("removed in favor of `pub(crate)`")),
+    (removed, crate_visibility_modifier, "1.63.0", Some(53120), Some("removed in favor of `pub(crate)`"), 97254),
     /// Allows using custom attributes (RFC 572).
     (removed, custom_attribute, "1.0.0", Some(29642),
-     Some("removed in favor of `#![register_tool]` and `#![register_attr]`")),
+     Some("removed in favor of `#![register_tool]` and `#![register_attr]`"), 66070),
     /// Allows the use of `#[derive(Anything)]` as sugar for `#[derive_Anything]`.
     (removed, custom_derive, "1.32.0", Some(29644),
      Some("subsumed by `#[proc_macro_derive]`")),
     /// Allows default type parameters to influence type inference.
     (removed, default_type_parameter_fallback, "1.82.0", Some(27336),
-     Some("never properly implemented; requires significant design work")),
+     Some("never properly implemented; requires significant design work"), 127655),
     /// Allows deriving traits as per `SmartPointer` specification
-    (removed, derive_smart_pointer, "1.79.0", Some(123430), Some("replaced by `CoercePointee`")),
+    (removed, derive_smart_pointer, "1.84.0", Some(123430), Some("replaced by `CoercePointee`"), 131284),
     /// Allows using `#[doc(keyword = "...")]`.
-    (removed, doc_keyword, "1.28.0", Some(51315),
-     Some("merged into `#![feature(rustdoc_internals)]`")),
+    (removed, doc_keyword, "1.58.0", Some(51315),
+     Some("merged into `#![feature(rustdoc_internals)]`"), 90420),
     /// Allows using `doc(primitive)` without a future-incompat warning.
-    (removed, doc_primitive, "1.56.0", Some(88070),
-     Some("merged into `#![feature(rustdoc_internals)]`")),
+    (removed, doc_primitive, "1.58.0", Some(88070),
+     Some("merged into `#![feature(rustdoc_internals)]`"), 90420),
     /// Allows `#[doc(spotlight)]`.
     /// The attribute was renamed to `#[doc(notable_trait)]`
     /// and the feature to `doc_notable_trait`.
-    (removed, doc_spotlight, "1.22.0", Some(45040),
-     Some("renamed to `doc_notable_trait`")),
+    (removed, doc_spotlight, "1.53.0", Some(45040),
+     Some("renamed to `doc_notable_trait`"), 80965),
     /// Allows using `#[unsafe_destructor_blind_to_params]` (RFC 1238).
     (removed, dropck_parametricity, "1.38.0", Some(28498), None),
     /// Allows making `dyn Trait` well-formed even if `Trait` is not dyn compatible[^1].
@@ -107,161 +120,164 @@ declare_features! (
     /// Renamed from `object_safe_for_dispatch`.
     ///
     /// [^1]: Formerly known as "object safe".
-    (removed, dyn_compatible_for_dispatch, "1.83.0", Some(43561),
-     Some("removed, not used heavily and represented additional complexity in dyn compatibility")),
+    (removed, dyn_compatible_for_dispatch, "1.87.0", Some(43561),
+     Some("removed, not used heavily and represented additional complexity in dyn compatibility"), 136522),
     /// Uses generic effect parameters for ~const bounds
     (removed, effects, "1.84.0", Some(102090),
-     Some("removed, redundant with `#![feature(const_trait_impl)]`")),
+     Some("removed, redundant with `#![feature(const_trait_impl)]`"), 132479),
     /// Allows defining `existential type`s.
     (removed, existential_type, "1.38.0", Some(63063),
      Some("removed in favor of `#![feature(type_alias_impl_trait)]`")),
     /// Paths of the form: `extern::foo::bar`
     (removed, extern_in_paths, "1.33.0", Some(55600),
-     Some("subsumed by `::foo::bar` paths")),
+     Some("subsumed by `::foo::bar` paths"), 57572),
     /// Allows `#[doc(include = "some-file")]`.
     (removed, external_doc, "1.54.0", Some(44732),
-     Some("use #[doc = include_str!(\"filename\")] instead, which handles macro invocations")),
+     Some("use #[doc = include_str!(\"filename\")] instead, which handles macro invocations"), 85457),
     /// Allows using `#[ffi_returns_twice]` on foreign functions.
     (removed, ffi_returns_twice, "1.78.0", Some(58314),
-     Some("being investigated by the ffi-unwind project group")),
+     Some("being investigated by the ffi-unwind project group"), 120502),
     /// Allows generators to be cloned.
-    (removed, generator_clone, "1.65.0", Some(95360), Some("renamed to `coroutine_clone`")),
+    (removed, generator_clone, "1.75.0", Some(95360), Some("renamed to `coroutine_clone`"), 116958),
     /// Allows defining generators.
-    (removed, generators, "1.21.0", Some(43122), Some("renamed to `coroutines`")),
+    (removed, generators, "1.75.0", Some(43122), Some("renamed to `coroutines`"), 116958),
     /// An extension to the `generic_associated_types` feature, allowing incomplete features.
     (removed, generic_associated_types_extended, "1.85.0", Some(95451),
         Some(
             "feature needs overhaul and reimplementation pending \
             better implied higher-ranked implied bounds support"
-        )
+        ),
+        133768
     ),
     (removed, import_shadowing, "1.0.0", None, None),
     /// Allows in-band quantification of lifetime bindings (e.g., `fn foo(x: &'a u8) -> &'a u8`).
-    (removed, in_band_lifetimes, "1.23.0", Some(44524),
-     Some("removed due to unsolved ergonomic questions and added lifetime resolution complexity")),
+    (removed, in_band_lifetimes, "1.61.0", Some(44524),
+     Some("removed due to unsolved ergonomic questions and added lifetime resolution complexity"), 93845),
     /// Allows inferring `'static` outlives requirements (RFC 2093).
     (removed, infer_static_outlives_requirements, "1.63.0", Some(54185),
-     Some("removed as it caused some confusion and discussion was inactive for years")),
+     Some("removed as it caused some confusion and discussion was inactive for years"), 97875),
     /// Allow anonymous constants from an inline `const` block in pattern position
     (removed, inline_const_pat, "1.88.0", Some(76001),
-     Some("removed due to implementation concerns as it requires significant refactorings")),
+     Some("removed due to implementation concerns as it requires significant refactorings"), 138492),
     /// Lazily evaluate constants. This allows constants to depend on type parameters.
-    (removed, lazy_normalization_consts, "1.46.0", Some(72219), Some("superseded by `generic_const_exprs`")),
+    (removed, lazy_normalization_consts, "1.56.0", Some(72219), Some("superseded by `generic_const_exprs`"), 88369),
     /// Changes `impl Trait` to capture all lifetimes in scope.
-    (removed, lifetime_capture_rules_2024, "1.76.0", None, Some("unnecessary -- use edition 2024 instead")),
+    (removed, lifetime_capture_rules_2024, "1.87.0", None, Some("unnecessary -- use edition 2024 instead"), 136787),
     /// Allows using the `#[link_args]` attribute.
     (removed, link_args, "1.53.0", Some(29596),
      Some("removed in favor of using `-C link-arg=ARG` on command line, \
-           which is available from cargo build scripts with `cargo:rustc-link-arg` now")),
+           which is available from cargo build scripts with `cargo:rustc-link-arg` now"), 83820),
     (removed, macro_reexport, "1.0.0", Some(29638),
-     Some("subsumed by `pub use`")),
+     Some("subsumed by `pub use`"), 49982),
     /// Allows using `#[main]` to replace the entrypoint `#[lang = "start"]` calls.
-    (removed, main, "1.53.0", Some(29634), None),
+    (removed, main, "1.53.0", Some(29634), None, 84217),
     (removed, managed_boxes, "1.0.0", None, None),
     /// Allows the use of type alias impl trait in function return positions
     (removed, min_type_alias_impl_trait, "1.56.0", Some(63063),
-     Some("removed in favor of full type_alias_impl_trait")),
+     Some("removed in favor of full type_alias_impl_trait"), 87564),
     /// Make `mut` not reset the binding mode on edition >= 2024.
-    (removed, mut_preserve_binding_mode_2024, "1.79.0", Some(123076), Some("superseded by `ref_pat_eat_one_layer_2024`")),
+    (removed, mut_preserve_binding_mode_2024, "1.80.0", Some(123076), Some("superseded by `ref_pat_eat_one_layer_2024`"), 125168),
     (removed, needs_allocator, "1.4.0", Some(27389),
      Some("subsumed by `#![feature(allocator_internals)]`")),
     /// Allows use of unary negate on unsigned integers, e.g., -e for e: u8
     (removed, negate_unsigned, "1.0.0", Some(29645), None),
     /// Allows `#[no_coverage]` on functions.
     /// The feature was renamed to `coverage_attribute` and the attribute to `#[coverage(on|off)]`
-    (removed, no_coverage, "1.74.0", Some(84605), Some("renamed to `coverage_attribute`")),
+    (removed, no_coverage, "1.74.0", Some(84605), Some("renamed to `coverage_attribute`"), 114656),
     /// Allows `#[no_debug]`.
-    (removed, no_debug, "1.43.0", Some(29721), Some("removed due to lack of demand")),
+    (removed, no_debug, "1.43.0", Some(29721), Some("removed due to lack of demand"), 69667),
     /// Note: this feature was previously recorded in a separate
     /// `STABLE_REMOVED` list because it, uniquely, was once stable but was
     /// then removed. But there was no utility storing it separately, so now
     /// it's in this list.
-    (removed, no_stack_check, "1.0.0", None, None),
+    (removed, no_stack_check, "1.0.0", None, None, 40110),
     /// Allows making `dyn Trait` well-formed even if `Trait` is not dyn compatible (object safe).
     /// Renamed to `dyn_compatible_for_dispatch`.
     (removed, object_safe_for_dispatch, "1.83.0", Some(43561),
-     Some("renamed to `dyn_compatible_for_dispatch`")),
+     Some("renamed to `dyn_compatible_for_dispatch`"), 131511),
     /// Allows using `#[on_unimplemented(..)]` on traits.
     /// (Moved to `rustc_attrs`.)
-    (removed, on_unimplemented, "1.40.0", None, None),
+    (removed, on_unimplemented, "1.40.0", None, None, 65794),
     /// A way to temporarily opt out of opt-in copy. This will *never* be accepted.
-    (removed, opt_out_copy, "1.0.0", None, None),
+    (removed, opt_out_copy, "1.0.0", None, None, 20740),
     /// Allows features specific to OIBIT (now called auto traits).
     /// Renamed to `auto_traits`.
-    (removed, optin_builtin_traits, "1.0.0", Some(13231),
-     Some("renamed to `auto_traits`")),
+    (removed, optin_builtin_traits, "1.50.0", Some(13231),
+     Some("renamed to `auto_traits`"), 79336),
     /// Allows overlapping impls of marker traits.
     (removed, overlapping_marker_traits, "1.42.0", Some(29864),
-     Some("removed in favor of `#![feature(marker_trait_attr)]`")),
+     Some("removed in favor of `#![feature(marker_trait_attr)]`"), 68544),
     (removed, panic_implementation, "1.28.0", Some(44489),
-     Some("subsumed by `#[panic_handler]`")),
+     Some("subsumed by `#[panic_handler]`"), 53619),
     /// Allows `extern "platform-intrinsic" { ... }`.
-    (removed, platform_intrinsics, "1.4.0", Some(27731),
-     Some("SIMD intrinsics use the regular intrinsics ABI now")),
+    (removed, platform_intrinsics, "1.78.0", Some(27731),
+     Some("SIMD intrinsics use the regular intrinsics ABI now"), 121516),
     /// Allows using `#![plugin(myplugin)]`.
     (removed, plugin, "1.75.0", Some(29597),
-     Some("plugins are no longer supported")),
+     Some("plugins are no longer supported"), 116412),
     /// Allows using `#[plugin_registrar]` on functions.
-    (removed, plugin_registrar, "1.54.0", Some(29597),
-     Some("plugins are no longer supported")),
+    (removed, plugin_registrar, "1.75.0", Some(29597),
+     Some("plugins are no longer supported"), 116412),
     /// Allows exhaustive integer pattern matching with `usize::MAX`/`isize::MIN`/`isize::MAX`.
-    (removed, precise_pointer_size_matching, "1.32.0", Some(56354),
-     Some("removed in favor of half-open ranges")),
+    (removed, precise_pointer_size_matching, "1.76.0", Some(56354),
+     Some("removed in favor of half-open ranges"), 118598),
     (removed, pref_align_of, "CURRENT_RUSTC_VERSION", Some(91971),
      Some("removed due to marginal use and inducing compiler complications")),
     (removed, proc_macro_expr, "1.27.0", Some(54727),
-     Some("subsumed by `#![feature(proc_macro_hygiene)]`")),
+     Some("subsumed by `#![feature(proc_macro_hygiene)]`"), 52121),
     (removed, proc_macro_gen, "1.27.0", Some(54727),
-     Some("subsumed by `#![feature(proc_macro_hygiene)]`")),
+     Some("subsumed by `#![feature(proc_macro_hygiene)]`"), 52121),
     (removed, proc_macro_mod, "1.27.0", Some(54727),
-     Some("subsumed by `#![feature(proc_macro_hygiene)]`")),
+     Some("subsumed by `#![feature(proc_macro_hygiene)]`"), 52121),
     (removed, proc_macro_non_items, "1.27.0", Some(54727),
-     Some("subsumed by `#![feature(proc_macro_hygiene)]`")),
+     Some("subsumed by `#![feature(proc_macro_hygiene)]`"), 52121),
     (removed, pub_macro_rules, "1.53.0", Some(78855),
      Some("removed due to being incomplete, in particular it does not work across crates")),
     (removed, pushpop_unsafe, "1.2.0", None, None),
     (removed, quad_precision_float, "1.0.0", None, None),
     (removed, quote, "1.33.0", Some(29601), None),
-    (removed, ref_pat_everywhere, "1.79.0", Some(123076), Some("superseded by `ref_pat_eat_one_layer_2024")),
+    (removed, ref_pat_everywhere, "1.80.0", Some(123076), Some("superseded by `ref_pat_eat_one_layer_2024"), 125168),
     (removed, reflect, "1.0.0", Some(27749), None),
     /// Allows using the `#[register_attr]` attribute.
     (removed, register_attr, "1.65.0", Some(66080),
-     Some("removed in favor of `#![register_tool]`")),
+     Some("removed in favor of `#![register_tool]`"), 66070),
     (removed, rust_2018_preview, "1.76.0", None,
      Some("2018 Edition preview is no longer relevant")),
     /// Allows using the macros:
     /// + `__diagnostic_used`
     /// + `__register_diagnostic`
     /// +`__build_diagnostic_array`
-    (removed, rustc_diagnostic_macros, "1.38.0", None, None),
+    (removed, rustc_diagnostic_macros, "1.38.0", None, None, 64139),
     /// Allows identifying crates that contain sanitizer runtimes.
-    (removed, sanitizer_runtime, "1.17.0", None, None),
+    (removed, sanitizer_runtime, "1.17.0", None, None, 65241),
     (removed, simd, "1.0.0", Some(27731), Some("removed in favor of `#[repr(simd)]`")),
     /// Allows using `#[start]` on a function indicating that it is the program entrypoint.
-    (removed, start, "1.0.0", Some(29633), Some("not portable enough and never RFC'd")),
+    (removed, start, "1.86.0", Some(29633), Some("not portable enough and never RFC'd"), 134299),
     /// Allows `#[link(kind = "static-nobundle", ...)]`.
-    (removed, static_nobundle, "1.16.0", Some(37403),
-     Some(r#"subsumed by `#[link(kind = "static", modifiers = "-bundle", ...)]`"#)),
+    (removed, static_nobundle, "1.63.0", Some(37403),
+     Some(r#"subsumed by `#[link(kind = "static", modifiers = "-bundle", ...)]`"#), 95818),
     (removed, struct_inherit, "1.0.0", None, None),
     (removed, test_removed_feature, "1.0.0", None, None),
     /// Allows using items which are missing stability attributes
     (removed, unmarked_api, "1.0.0", None, None),
     /// Allows unnamed fields of struct and union type
-    (removed, unnamed_fields, "1.83.0", Some(49804), Some("feature needs redesign")),
+    (removed, unnamed_fields, "1.83.0", Some(49804), Some("feature needs redesign"), 131045),
     (removed, unsafe_no_drop_flag, "1.0.0", None, None),
+    /// Allows unsized rvalues at arguments and parameters.
+    (removed, unsized_locals, "CURRENT_RUSTC_VERSION", Some(48055), Some("removed due to implementation concerns; see https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/111942")),
     (removed, unsized_tuple_coercion, "1.87.0", Some(42877),
-     Some("The feature restricts possible layouts for tuples, and this restriction is not worth it.")),
+     Some("The feature restricts possible layouts for tuples, and this restriction is not worth it."), 137728),
     /// Allows `union` fields that don't implement `Copy` as long as they don't have any drop glue.
-    (removed, untagged_unions, "1.13.0", Some(55149),
-     Some("unions with `Copy` and `ManuallyDrop` fields are stable; there is no intent to stabilize more")),
+    (removed, untagged_unions, "1.64.0", Some(55149),
+     Some("unions with `Copy` and `ManuallyDrop` fields are stable; there is no intent to stabilize more"), 97995),
     /// Allows `#[unwind(..)]`.
     ///
     /// Permits specifying whether a function should permit unwinding or abort on unwind.
-    (removed, unwind_attributes, "1.56.0", Some(58760), Some("use the C-unwind ABI instead")),
+    (removed, unwind_attributes, "1.56.0", Some(58760), Some("use the C-unwind ABI instead"), 86155),
     (removed, visible_private_types, "1.0.0", None, None),
     /// Allows `extern "wasm" fn`
     (removed, wasm_abi, "1.81.0", Some(83788),
-     Some("non-standard wasm ABI is no longer supported")),
+     Some("non-standard wasm ABI is no longer supported"), 127605),
     // !!!!    !!!!    !!!!    !!!!   !!!!    !!!!    !!!!    !!!!    !!!!    !!!!    !!!!
     // Features are listed in alphabetical order. Tidy will fail if you don't keep it this way.
     // !!!!    !!!!    !!!!    !!!!   !!!!    !!!!    !!!!    !!!!    !!!!    !!!!    !!!!
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_feature/src/unstable.rs b/compiler/rustc_feature/src/unstable.rs
index b46eac6d8a6..bd6ea850147 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_feature/src/unstable.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_feature/src/unstable.rs
@@ -353,6 +353,8 @@ declare_features! (
     (unstable, abi_avr_interrupt, "1.45.0", Some(69664)),
     /// Allows `extern "C-cmse-nonsecure-call" fn()`.
     (unstable, abi_c_cmse_nonsecure_call, "1.51.0", Some(81391)),
+    /// Allows `extern "custom" fn()`.
+    (unstable, abi_custom, "CURRENT_RUSTC_VERSION", Some(140829)),
     /// Allows `extern "gpu-kernel" fn()`.
     (unstable, abi_gpu_kernel, "1.86.0", Some(135467)),
     /// Allows `extern "msp430-interrupt" fn()`.
@@ -546,8 +548,6 @@ declare_features! (
     (incomplete, inherent_associated_types, "1.52.0", Some(8995)),
     /// Allows using `pointer` and `reference` in intra-doc links
     (unstable, intra_doc_pointers, "1.51.0", Some(80896)),
-    // Allows using the `kl` and `widekl` target features and the associated intrinsics
-    (unstable, keylocker_x86, "1.86.0", Some(134813)),
     // Allows setting the threshold for the `large_assignments` lint.
     (unstable, large_assignments, "1.52.0", Some(83518)),
     /// Allow to have type alias types for inter-crate use.
@@ -627,8 +627,6 @@ declare_features! (
     (unstable, return_type_notation, "1.70.0", Some(109417)),
     /// Allows `extern "rust-cold"`.
     (unstable, rust_cold_cc, "1.63.0", Some(97544)),
-    /// Allows use of x86 SHA512, SM3 and SM4 target-features and intrinsics
-    (unstable, sha512_sm_x86, "1.82.0", Some(126624)),
     /// Allows the use of SIMD types in functions declared in `extern` blocks.
     (unstable, simd_ffi, "1.0.0", Some(27731)),
     /// Allows specialization of implementations (RFC 1210).
@@ -669,8 +667,6 @@ declare_features! (
     (incomplete, unsized_const_params, "1.82.0", Some(95174)),
     /// Allows unsized fn parameters.
     (internal, unsized_fn_params, "1.49.0", Some(48055)),
-    /// Allows unsized rvalues at arguments and parameters.
-    (incomplete, unsized_locals, "1.30.0", Some(48055)),
     /// Allows using the `#[used(linker)]` (or `#[used(compiler)]`) attribute.
     (unstable, used_with_arg, "1.60.0", Some(93798)),
     /// Allows use of attributes in `where` clauses.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir.rs
index 6f288bb39b9..336bf0d93fd 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir.rs
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ use crate::def::{CtorKind, DefKind, PerNS, Res};
 use crate::def_id::{DefId, LocalDefIdMap};
 pub(crate) use crate::hir_id::{HirId, ItemLocalId, ItemLocalMap, OwnerId};
 use crate::intravisit::{FnKind, VisitorExt};
+use crate::lints::DelayedLints;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, HashStable_Generic)]
 pub enum AngleBrackets {
@@ -1526,6 +1527,10 @@ pub struct OwnerInfo<'hir> {
     /// Map indicating what traits are in scope for places where this
     /// is relevant; generated by resolve.
     pub trait_map: ItemLocalMap<Box<[TraitCandidate]>>,
+
+    /// Lints delayed during ast lowering to be emitted
+    /// after hir has completely built
+    pub delayed_lints: DelayedLints,
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> OwnerInfo<'tcx> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/lib.rs
index c6fe475b460..dafd31336fb 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/lib.rs
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ mod hir;
 pub mod hir_id;
 pub mod intravisit;
 pub mod lang_items;
+pub mod lints;
 pub mod pat_util;
 mod stable_hash_impls;
 mod target;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/lints.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/lints.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7be6c32e57e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/lints.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+use rustc_attr_data_structures::lints::AttributeLint;
+use rustc_data_structures::fingerprint::Fingerprint;
+use rustc_macros::HashStable_Generic;
+
+use crate::HirId;
+
+/// During ast lowering, no lints can be emitted.
+/// That is because lints attach to nodes either in the AST, or on the built HIR.
+/// When attached to AST nodes, they're emitted just before building HIR,
+/// and then there's a gap where no lints can be emitted until HIR is done.
+/// The variants in this enum represent lints that are temporarily stashed during
+/// AST lowering to be emitted once HIR is built.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
+pub enum DelayedLint {
+    AttributeParsing(AttributeLint<HirId>),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct DelayedLints {
+    pub lints: Box<[DelayedLint]>,
+    // Only present when the crate hash is needed.
+    pub opt_hash: Option<Fingerprint>,
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/stable_hash_impls.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/stable_hash_impls.rs
index 91ea88cae47..6acf1524b60 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/stable_hash_impls.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/stable_hash_impls.rs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ use crate::hir::{
     AttributeMap, BodyId, Crate, ForeignItemId, ImplItemId, ItemId, OwnerNodes, TraitItemId,
 };
 use crate::hir_id::{HirId, ItemLocalId};
+use crate::lints::DelayedLints;
 
 /// Requirements for a `StableHashingContext` to be used in this crate.
 /// This is a hack to allow using the `HashStable_Generic` derive macro
@@ -102,6 +103,13 @@ impl<'tcx, HirCtx: crate::HashStableContext> HashStable<HirCtx> for OwnerNodes<'
     }
 }
 
+impl<HirCtx: crate::HashStableContext> HashStable<HirCtx> for DelayedLints {
+    fn hash_stable(&self, hcx: &mut HirCtx, hasher: &mut StableHasher) {
+        let DelayedLints { opt_hash, .. } = *self;
+        opt_hash.unwrap().hash_stable(hcx, hasher);
+    }
+}
+
 impl<'tcx, HirCtx: crate::HashStableContext> HashStable<HirCtx> for AttributeMap<'tcx> {
     fn hash_stable(&self, hcx: &mut HirCtx, hasher: &mut StableHasher) {
         // We ignore the `map` since it refers to information included in `opt_hash` which is
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/Cargo.toml b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/Cargo.toml
index 899370b34e4..5d6c49ee862 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/Cargo.toml
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/Cargo.toml
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ rustc_abi = { path = "../rustc_abi" }
 rustc_arena = { path = "../rustc_arena" }
 rustc_ast = { path = "../rustc_ast" }
 rustc_attr_data_structures = { path = "../rustc_attr_data_structures" }
+rustc_attr_parsing = { path = "../rustc_attr_parsing" }
 rustc_data_structures = { path = "../rustc_data_structures" }
 rustc_errors = { path = "../rustc_errors" }
 rustc_feature = { path = "../rustc_feature" }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/messages.ftl
index 4fcd9f8a646..3e98bd213d3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/messages.ftl
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+hir_analysis_abi_custom_clothed_function =
+    items with the `"custom"` ABI can only be declared externally or defined via naked functions
+    .suggestion = convert this to an `#[unsafe(naked)]` function
+
 hir_analysis_ambiguous_assoc_item = ambiguous associated {$assoc_kind} `{$assoc_ident}` in bounds of `{$qself}`
     .label = ambiguous associated {$assoc_kind} `{$assoc_ident}`
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/autoderef.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/autoderef.rs
index 99e495d9266..c88c534e135 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/autoderef.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/autoderef.rs
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Autoderef<'a, 'tcx> {
             self.param_env,
             ty::Binder::dummy(trait_ref),
         );
-        if !self.infcx.predicate_may_hold(&obligation) {
+        if !self.infcx.next_trait_solver() && !self.infcx.predicate_may_hold(&obligation) {
             debug!("overloaded_deref_ty: cannot match obligation");
             return None;
         }
@@ -184,17 +184,17 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Autoderef<'a, 'tcx> {
             self.param_env,
             ty,
         ) else {
-            // We shouldn't have errors here, except for evaluate/fulfill mismatches,
-            // but that's not a reason for an ICE (`predicate_may_hold` is conservative
-            // by design).
-            // FIXME(-Znext-solver): This *actually* shouldn't happen then.
+            // We shouldn't have errors here in the old solver, except for
+            // evaluate/fulfill mismatches, but that's not a reason for an ICE.
             return None;
         };
         let errors = ocx.select_where_possible();
         if !errors.is_empty() {
-            // This shouldn't happen, except for evaluate/fulfill mismatches,
-            // but that's not a reason for an ICE (`predicate_may_hold` is conservative
-            // by design).
+            if self.infcx.next_trait_solver() {
+                unreachable!();
+            }
+            // We shouldn't have errors here in the old solver, except for
+            // evaluate/fulfill mismatches, but that's not a reason for an ICE.
             debug!(?errors, "encountered errors while fulfilling");
             return None;
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/check.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/check.rs
index 064b42413f0..32fec0604c0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/check.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/check.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ use rustc_middle::ty::error::TypeErrorToStringExt;
 use rustc_middle::ty::layout::{LayoutError, MAX_SIMD_LANES};
 use rustc_middle::ty::util::Discr;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{
-    AdtDef, BottomUpFolder, GenericArgKind, RegionKind, TypeFoldable, TypeSuperVisitable,
+    AdtDef, BottomUpFolder, FnSig, GenericArgKind, RegionKind, TypeFoldable, TypeSuperVisitable,
     TypeVisitable, TypeVisitableExt, fold_regions,
 };
 use rustc_session::lint::builtin::UNINHABITED_STATIC;
@@ -37,22 +37,23 @@ use {rustc_attr_data_structures as attrs, rustc_hir as hir};
 use super::compare_impl_item::check_type_bounds;
 use super::*;
 
+fn add_abi_diag_help<T: EmissionGuarantee>(abi: ExternAbi, diag: &mut Diag<'_, T>) {
+    if let ExternAbi::Cdecl { unwind } = abi {
+        let c_abi = ExternAbi::C { unwind };
+        diag.help(format!("use `extern {c_abi}` instead",));
+    } else if let ExternAbi::Stdcall { unwind } = abi {
+        let c_abi = ExternAbi::C { unwind };
+        let system_abi = ExternAbi::System { unwind };
+        diag.help(format!(
+            "if you need `extern {abi}` on win32 and `extern {c_abi}` everywhere else, \
+                use `extern {system_abi}`"
+        ));
+    }
+}
+
 pub fn check_abi(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, hir_id: hir::HirId, span: Span, abi: ExternAbi) {
     // FIXME: this should be checked earlier, e.g. in `rustc_ast_lowering`, to fix
     // things like #86232.
-    fn add_help<T: EmissionGuarantee>(abi: ExternAbi, diag: &mut Diag<'_, T>) {
-        if let ExternAbi::Cdecl { unwind } = abi {
-            let c_abi = ExternAbi::C { unwind };
-            diag.help(format!("use `extern {c_abi}` instead",));
-        } else if let ExternAbi::Stdcall { unwind } = abi {
-            let c_abi = ExternAbi::C { unwind };
-            let system_abi = ExternAbi::System { unwind };
-            diag.help(format!(
-                "if you need `extern {abi}` on win32 and `extern {c_abi}` everywhere else, \
-                use `extern {system_abi}`"
-            ));
-        }
-    }
 
     match AbiMap::from_target(&tcx.sess.target).canonize_abi(abi, false) {
         AbiMapping::Direct(..) => (),
@@ -63,13 +64,13 @@ pub fn check_abi(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, hir_id: hir::HirId, span: Span, abi: ExternAbi
                 E0570,
                 "`{abi}` is not a supported ABI for the current target",
             );
-            add_help(abi, &mut err);
+            add_abi_diag_help(abi, &mut err);
             err.emit();
         }
         AbiMapping::Deprecated(..) => {
             tcx.node_span_lint(UNSUPPORTED_CALLING_CONVENTIONS, hir_id, span, |lint| {
                 lint.primary_message("use of calling convention not supported on this target");
-                add_help(abi, lint);
+                add_abi_diag_help(abi, lint);
             });
         }
     }
@@ -80,7 +81,16 @@ pub fn check_abi_fn_ptr(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, hir_id: hir::HirId, span: Span, abi: Ex
     // in `check_abi` above.
     match AbiMap::from_target(&tcx.sess.target).canonize_abi(abi, false) {
         AbiMapping::Direct(..) => (),
-        AbiMapping::Deprecated(..) | AbiMapping::Invalid => {
+        // This is not a redundant match arm: these ABIs started linting after introducing
+        // UNSUPPORTED_FN_PTR_CALLING_CONVENTIONS already existed and we want to
+        // avoid expanding the scope of that lint so it can move to a hard error sooner.
+        AbiMapping::Deprecated(..) => {
+            tcx.node_span_lint(UNSUPPORTED_CALLING_CONVENTIONS, hir_id, span, |lint| {
+                lint.primary_message("use of calling convention not supported on this target");
+                add_abi_diag_help(abi, lint);
+            });
+        }
+        AbiMapping::Invalid => {
             tcx.node_span_lint(UNSUPPORTED_FN_PTR_CALLING_CONVENTIONS, hir_id, span, |lint| {
                 lint.primary_message(format!(
                     "the calling convention {abi} is not supported on this target"
@@ -90,6 +100,18 @@ pub fn check_abi_fn_ptr(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, hir_id: hir::HirId, span: Span, abi: Ex
     }
 }
 
+pub fn check_custom_abi(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: LocalDefId, fn_sig: FnSig<'_>, fn_sig_span: Span) {
+    if fn_sig.abi == ExternAbi::Custom {
+        // Function definitions that use `extern "custom"` must be naked functions.
+        if !tcx.has_attr(def_id, sym::naked) {
+            tcx.dcx().emit_err(crate::errors::AbiCustomClothedFunction {
+                span: fn_sig_span,
+                naked_span: tcx.def_span(def_id).shrink_to_lo(),
+            });
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 fn check_struct(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: LocalDefId) {
     let def = tcx.adt_def(def_id);
     let span = tcx.def_span(def_id);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/intrinsic.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/intrinsic.rs
index 481cdaa4c6c..060fc51b7bd 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/intrinsic.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/intrinsic.rs
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ fn intrinsic_operation_unsafety(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, intrinsic_id: LocalDefId) -> hi
         | sym::box_new
         | sym::breakpoint
         | sym::size_of
-        | sym::min_align_of
+        | sym::align_of
         | sym::needs_drop
         | sym::caller_location
         | sym::add_with_overflow
@@ -200,10 +200,8 @@ pub(crate) fn check_intrinsic_type(
         sym::abort => (0, 0, vec![], tcx.types.never),
         sym::unreachable => (0, 0, vec![], tcx.types.never),
         sym::breakpoint => (0, 0, vec![], tcx.types.unit),
-        sym::size_of | sym::pref_align_of | sym::min_align_of | sym::variant_count => {
-            (1, 0, vec![], tcx.types.usize)
-        }
-        sym::size_of_val | sym::min_align_of_val => {
+        sym::size_of | sym::align_of | sym::variant_count => (1, 0, vec![], tcx.types.usize),
+        sym::size_of_val | sym::align_of_val => {
             (1, 0, vec![Ty::new_imm_ptr(tcx, param(0))], tcx.types.usize)
         }
         sym::rustc_peek => (1, 0, vec![param(0)], param(0)),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/mod.rs
index fad8abf5fae..c5c7e6b2aa7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/mod.rs
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ pub mod wfcheck;
 
 use std::num::NonZero;
 
-pub use check::{check_abi, check_abi_fn_ptr};
+pub use check::{check_abi, check_abi_fn_ptr, check_custom_abi};
 use rustc_abi::{ExternAbi, VariantIdx};
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashSet, FxIndexMap};
 use rustc_errors::{Diag, ErrorGuaranteed, pluralize, struct_span_code_err};
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/region.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/region.rs
index 7cb31a64e13..c458878da15 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/region.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/region.rs
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ use std::mem;
 
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashMap;
 use rustc_hir as hir;
+use rustc_hir::def::{CtorKind, DefKind, Res};
 use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc_hir::intravisit::{self, Visitor};
 use rustc_hir::{Arm, Block, Expr, LetStmt, Pat, PatKind, Stmt};
@@ -752,13 +753,19 @@ fn resolve_local<'tcx>(
                     record_rvalue_scope_if_borrow_expr(visitor, arm.body, blk_id);
                 }
             }
-            hir::ExprKind::Call(..) | hir::ExprKind::MethodCall(..) => {
-                // FIXME(@dingxiangfei2009): choose call arguments here
-                // for candidacy for extended parameter rule application
-            }
-            hir::ExprKind::Index(..) => {
-                // FIXME(@dingxiangfei2009): select the indices
-                // as candidate for rvalue scope rules
+            hir::ExprKind::Call(func, args) => {
+                // Recurse into tuple constructors, such as `Some(&temp())`.
+                //
+                // That way, there is no difference between `Some(..)` and `Some { 0: .. }`,
+                // even though the former is syntactically a function call.
+                if let hir::ExprKind::Path(path) = &func.kind
+                    && let hir::QPath::Resolved(None, path) = path
+                    && let Res::SelfCtor(_) | Res::Def(DefKind::Ctor(_, CtorKind::Fn), _) = path.res
+                {
+                    for arg in args {
+                        record_rvalue_scope_if_borrow_expr(visitor, arg, blk_id);
+                    }
+                }
             }
             _ => {}
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect.rs
index e1df0d60452..6e22ac5a28a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect.rs
@@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ impl<'tcx> HirTyLowerer<'tcx> for ItemCtxt<'tcx> {
 
                 // Only visit the type looking for `_` if we didn't fix the type above
                 visitor.visit_ty_unambig(a);
-                self.lowerer().lower_arg_ty(a, None)
+                self.lowerer().lower_ty(a)
             })
             .collect();
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/errors.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/errors.rs
index a27d1ed6c53..809cb311c1f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/errors.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/errors.rs
@@ -1698,3 +1698,17 @@ pub(crate) struct SelfInTypeAlias {
     #[label]
     pub span: Span,
 }
+
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(hir_analysis_abi_custom_clothed_function)]
+pub(crate) struct AbiCustomClothedFunction {
+    #[primary_span]
+    pub span: Span,
+    #[suggestion(
+        hir_analysis_suggestion,
+        applicability = "maybe-incorrect",
+        code = "#[unsafe(naked)]\n",
+        style = "short"
+    )]
+    pub naked_span: Span,
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/hir_ty_lowering/bounds.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/hir_ty_lowering/bounds.rs
index bdc42c7a2d9..106420faa4c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/hir_ty_lowering/bounds.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/hir_ty_lowering/bounds.rs
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ use rustc_hir::def::{DefKind, Res};
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefId, LocalDefId};
 use rustc_middle::bug;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{
-    self as ty, IsSuggestable, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeFoldable, TypeSuperVisitable, TypeVisitable,
-    TypeVisitableExt, TypeVisitor, Upcast,
+    self as ty, IsSuggestable, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeSuperVisitable, TypeVisitable, TypeVisitableExt,
+    TypeVisitor, Upcast,
 };
 use rustc_span::{ErrorGuaranteed, Ident, Span, Symbol, kw, sym};
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits;
@@ -927,7 +927,7 @@ struct GenericParamAndBoundVarCollector<'a, 'tcx> {
 impl<'tcx> TypeVisitor<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for GenericParamAndBoundVarCollector<'_, 'tcx> {
     type Result = ControlFlow<ErrorGuaranteed>;
 
-    fn visit_binder<T: TypeFoldable<TyCtxt<'tcx>>>(
+    fn visit_binder<T: TypeVisitable<TyCtxt<'tcx>>>(
         &mut self,
         binder: &ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
     ) -> Self::Result {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/hir_ty_lowering/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/hir_ty_lowering/mod.rs
index 4c65d0d0510..bf407cbaccb 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/hir_ty_lowering/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/hir_ty_lowering/mod.rs
@@ -805,7 +805,11 @@ impl<'tcx> dyn HirTyLowerer<'tcx> + '_ {
                     ty::ClauseKind::Trait(ty::TraitPredicate { trait_ref, polarity })
                 });
                 let bound = (bound.upcast(tcx), span);
-                // FIXME(-Znext-solver): We can likely remove this hack once the new trait solver lands.
+                // FIXME(-Znext-solver): We can likely remove this hack once the
+                // new trait solver lands. This fixed an overflow in the old solver.
+                // This may have performance implications, so please check perf when
+                // removing it.
+                // This was added in <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/123302>.
                 if tcx.is_lang_item(trait_def_id, rustc_hir::LangItem::Sized) {
                     bounds.insert(0, bound);
                 } else {
@@ -2704,16 +2708,6 @@ impl<'tcx> dyn HirTyLowerer<'tcx> + '_ {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn lower_arg_ty(&self, ty: &hir::Ty<'tcx>, expected_ty: Option<Ty<'tcx>>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
-        match ty.kind {
-            hir::TyKind::Infer(()) if let Some(expected_ty) = expected_ty => {
-                self.record_ty(ty.hir_id, expected_ty, ty.span);
-                expected_ty
-            }
-            _ => self.lower_ty(ty),
-        }
-    }
-
     /// Lower a function type from the HIR to our internal notion of a function signature.
     #[instrument(level = "debug", skip(self, hir_id, safety, abi, decl, generics, hir_ty), ret)]
     pub fn lower_fn_ty(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/lib.rs
index a92ee89186c..007f3a6abf6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/lib.rs
@@ -92,8 +92,9 @@ mod variance;
 
 pub use errors::NoVariantNamed;
 use rustc_abi::ExternAbi;
-use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def::DefKind;
+use rustc_hir::lints::DelayedLint;
+use rustc_hir::{self as hir};
 use rustc_middle::middle;
 use rustc_middle::mir::interpret::GlobalId;
 use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
@@ -174,6 +175,14 @@ pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
     };
 }
 
+fn emit_delayed_lint(lint: &DelayedLint, tcx: TyCtxt<'_>) {
+    match lint {
+        DelayedLint::AttributeParsing(attribute_lint) => {
+            rustc_attr_parsing::emit_attribute_lint(attribute_lint, tcx)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 pub fn check_crate(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>) {
     let _prof_timer = tcx.sess.timer("type_check_crate");
 
@@ -192,6 +201,14 @@ pub fn check_crate(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>) {
         let _: R = tcx.ensure_ok().crate_inherent_impls_overlap_check(());
     });
 
+    for owner_id in tcx.hir_crate_items(()).owners() {
+        if let Some(delayed_lints) = tcx.opt_ast_lowering_delayed_lints(owner_id) {
+            for lint in &delayed_lints.lints {
+                emit_delayed_lint(lint, tcx);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     tcx.par_hir_body_owners(|item_def_id| {
         let def_kind = tcx.def_kind(item_def_id);
         // Make sure we evaluate all static and (non-associated) const items, even if unused.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/messages.ftl
index 6c33dfb4ec0..ac7ff65528d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/messages.ftl
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+hir_typeck_abi_custom_call =
+    functions with the `"custom"` ABI cannot be called
+    .note = an `extern "custom"` function can only be called from within inline assembly
+
 hir_typeck_add_missing_parentheses_in_range = you must surround the range in parentheses to call its `{$func_name}` function
 
 hir_typeck_add_return_type_add = try adding a return type
@@ -17,6 +21,24 @@ hir_typeck_base_expression_double_dot_enable_default_field_values =
     add `#![feature(default_field_values)]` to the crate attributes to enable default values on `struct` fields
 hir_typeck_base_expression_double_dot_remove = remove the `..` as all the fields are already present
 
+hir_typeck_break_inside_closure =
+    `{$name}` inside of a closure
+    .label = cannot `{$name}` inside of a closure
+    .closure_label = enclosing closure
+
+hir_typeck_break_inside_coroutine =
+    `{$name}` inside `{$kind}` {$source}
+    .label = cannot `{$name}` inside `{$kind}` {$source}
+    .coroutine_label = enclosing `{$kind}` {$source}
+
+hir_typeck_break_non_loop =
+    `break` with value from a `{$kind}` loop
+    .label = can only break with a value inside `loop` or breakable block
+    .label2 = you can't `break` with a value in a `{$kind}` loop
+    .suggestion = use `break` on its own without a value inside this `{$kind}` loop
+    .break_expr_suggestion = alternatively, you might have meant to use the available loop label
+
+
 hir_typeck_candidate_trait_note = `{$trait_name}` defines an item `{$item_name}`{$action_or_ty ->
     [NONE] {""}
     [implement] , perhaps you need to implement it
@@ -64,6 +86,12 @@ hir_typeck_const_select_must_be_fn = this argument must be a function item
     .note = expected a function item, found {$ty}
     .help = consult the documentation on `const_eval_select` for more information
 
+hir_typeck_continue_labeled_block =
+    `continue` pointing to a labeled block
+    .label = labeled blocks cannot be `continue`'d
+    .block_label = labeled block the `continue` points to
+
+
 hir_typeck_convert_to_str = try converting the passed type into a `&str`
 
 hir_typeck_convert_using_method = try using `{$sugg}` to convert `{$found}` to `{$expected}`
@@ -182,6 +210,19 @@ hir_typeck_option_result_asref = use `{$def_path}::as_ref` to convert `{$expecte
 hir_typeck_option_result_cloned = use `{$def_path}::cloned` to clone the value inside the `{$def_path}`
 hir_typeck_option_result_copied = use `{$def_path}::copied` to copy the value inside the `{$def_path}`
 
+hir_typeck_outside_loop =
+    `{$name}` outside of a loop{$is_break ->
+        [true] {" or labeled block"}
+        *[false] {""}
+    }
+    .label = cannot `{$name}` outside of a loop{$is_break ->
+        [true] {" or labeled block"}
+        *[false] {""}
+    }
+
+hir_typeck_outside_loop_suggestion = consider labeling this block to be able to break within it
+
+
 hir_typeck_params_not_allowed =
     referencing function parameters is not allowed in naked functions
     .help = follow the calling convention in asm block to use parameters
@@ -254,6 +295,13 @@ hir_typeck_union_pat_dotdot = `..` cannot be used in union patterns
 
 hir_typeck_union_pat_multiple_fields = union patterns should have exactly one field
 
+hir_typeck_unlabeled_cf_in_while_condition =
+    `break` or `continue` with no label in the condition of a `while` loop
+    .label = unlabeled `{$cf_type}` in the condition of a `while` loop
+
+hir_typeck_unlabeled_in_labeled_block =
+    unlabeled `{$cf_type}` inside of a labeled block
+    .label = `{$cf_type}` statements that would diverge to or through a labeled block need to bear a label
 hir_typeck_use_is_empty =
     consider using the `is_empty` method on `{$expr_ty}` to determine if it contains anything
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/_match.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/_match.rs
index 61dd8c57307..4ac260cb15f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/_match.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/_match.rs
@@ -600,7 +600,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         let (def_id, args) = match *expected_ty.kind() {
             // FIXME: Could also check that the RPIT is not defined
             ty::Alias(ty::Opaque, alias_ty) => (alias_ty.def_id.as_local()?, alias_ty.args),
-            // FIXME(-Znext-solver): Remove this branch once `replace_opaque_types_with_infer` is gone.
+            // FIXME(-Znext-solver=no): Remove this branch once `replace_opaque_types_with_infer` is gone.
             ty::Infer(ty::TyVar(_)) => self
                 .inner
                 .borrow_mut()
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/callee.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/callee.rs
index d173fe7c2c2..e915b4fc626 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/callee.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/callee.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use std::iter;
 
+use rustc_abi::ExternAbi;
 use rustc_ast::util::parser::ExprPrecedence;
 use rustc_errors::{Applicability, Diag, ErrorGuaranteed, StashKey};
 use rustc_hir::def::{self, CtorKind, Namespace, Res};
@@ -83,6 +84,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         while result.is_none() && autoderef.next().is_some() {
             result = self.try_overloaded_call_step(call_expr, callee_expr, arg_exprs, &autoderef);
         }
+        self.check_call_custom_abi(autoderef.final_ty(false), call_expr.span);
         self.register_predicates(autoderef.into_obligations());
 
         let output = match result {
@@ -135,6 +137,22 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         output
     }
 
+    /// Functions of type `extern "custom" fn(/* ... */)` cannot be called using `ExprKind::Call`.
+    ///
+    /// These functions have a calling convention that is unknown to rust, hence it cannot generate
+    /// code for the call. The only way to execute such a function is via inline assembly.
+    fn check_call_custom_abi(&self, callee_ty: Ty<'tcx>, span: Span) {
+        let abi = match callee_ty.kind() {
+            ty::FnDef(def_id, _) => self.tcx.fn_sig(def_id).skip_binder().skip_binder().abi,
+            ty::FnPtr(_, header) => header.abi,
+            _ => return,
+        };
+
+        if let ExternAbi::Custom = abi {
+            self.tcx.dcx().emit_err(errors::AbiCustomCall { span });
+        }
+    }
+
     #[instrument(level = "debug", skip(self, call_expr, callee_expr, arg_exprs, autoderef), ret)]
     fn try_overloaded_call_step(
         &self,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/coercion.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/coercion.rs
index d9fa56fefeb..24092c01125 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/coercion.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/coercion.rs
@@ -1662,9 +1662,7 @@ impl<'tcx, 'exprs, E: AsCoercionSite> CoerceMany<'tcx, 'exprs, E> {
                             blk_id,
                             expression,
                         );
-                        if !fcx.tcx.features().unsized_locals() {
-                            unsized_return = self.is_return_ty_definitely_unsized(fcx);
-                        }
+                        unsized_return = self.is_return_ty_definitely_unsized(fcx);
                     }
                     ObligationCauseCode::ReturnValue(return_expr_id) => {
                         err = self.report_return_mismatched_types(
@@ -1676,9 +1674,7 @@ impl<'tcx, 'exprs, E: AsCoercionSite> CoerceMany<'tcx, 'exprs, E> {
                             return_expr_id,
                             expression,
                         );
-                        if !fcx.tcx.features().unsized_locals() {
-                            unsized_return = self.is_return_ty_definitely_unsized(fcx);
-                        }
+                        unsized_return = self.is_return_ty_definitely_unsized(fcx);
                     }
                     ObligationCauseCode::MatchExpressionArm(box MatchExpressionArmCause {
                         arm_span,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/demand.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/demand.rs
index 152c88ad92a..5b55fbe9150 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/demand.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/demand.rs
@@ -260,7 +260,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         mut expected_ty_expr: Option<&'tcx hir::Expr<'tcx>>,
         allow_two_phase: AllowTwoPhase,
     ) -> Result<Ty<'tcx>, Diag<'a>> {
-        let expected = self.resolve_vars_with_obligations(expected);
+        let expected = if self.next_trait_solver() {
+            expected
+        } else {
+            self.resolve_vars_with_obligations(expected)
+        };
 
         let e = match self.coerce(expr, checked_ty, expected, allow_two_phase, None) {
             Ok(ty) => return Ok(ty),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/errors.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/errors.rs
index 97a90548fc5..abb8cdc1cdf 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/errors.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/errors.rs
@@ -2,11 +2,14 @@
 
 use std::borrow::Cow;
 
+use rustc_ast::Label;
 use rustc_errors::codes::*;
 use rustc_errors::{
     Applicability, Diag, DiagArgValue, DiagCtxtHandle, DiagSymbolList, Diagnostic,
     EmissionGuarantee, IntoDiagArg, Level, MultiSpan, Subdiagnostic,
 };
+use rustc_hir as hir;
+use rustc_hir::ExprKind;
 use rustc_macros::{Diagnostic, LintDiagnostic, Subdiagnostic};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty};
 use rustc_span::edition::{Edition, LATEST_STABLE_EDITION};
@@ -721,6 +724,131 @@ pub(crate) struct TrivialCast<'tcx> {
     pub cast_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
 }
 
+pub(crate) struct BreakNonLoop<'a> {
+    pub span: Span,
+    pub head: Option<Span>,
+    pub kind: &'a str,
+    pub suggestion: String,
+    pub loop_label: Option<Label>,
+    pub break_label: Option<Label>,
+    pub break_expr_kind: &'a ExprKind<'a>,
+    pub break_expr_span: Span,
+}
+
+impl<'a, G: EmissionGuarantee> Diagnostic<'_, G> for BreakNonLoop<'a> {
+    #[track_caller]
+    fn into_diag(self, dcx: DiagCtxtHandle<'_>, level: Level) -> Diag<'_, G> {
+        let mut diag = Diag::new(dcx, level, fluent::hir_typeck_break_non_loop);
+        diag.span(self.span);
+        diag.code(E0571);
+        diag.arg("kind", self.kind);
+        diag.span_label(self.span, fluent::hir_typeck_label);
+        if let Some(head) = self.head {
+            diag.span_label(head, fluent::hir_typeck_label2);
+        }
+        diag.span_suggestion(
+            self.span,
+            fluent::hir_typeck_suggestion,
+            self.suggestion,
+            Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
+        );
+        if let (Some(label), None) = (self.loop_label, self.break_label) {
+            match self.break_expr_kind {
+                ExprKind::Path(hir::QPath::Resolved(
+                    None,
+                    hir::Path { segments: [segment], res: hir::def::Res::Err, .. },
+                )) if label.ident.to_string() == format!("'{}", segment.ident) => {
+                    // This error is redundant, we will have already emitted a
+                    // suggestion to use the label when `segment` wasn't found
+                    // (hence the `Res::Err` check).
+                    diag.downgrade_to_delayed_bug();
+                }
+                _ => {
+                    diag.span_suggestion(
+                        self.break_expr_span,
+                        fluent::hir_typeck_break_expr_suggestion,
+                        label.ident,
+                        Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        diag
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(hir_typeck_continue_labeled_block, code = E0696)]
+pub(crate) struct ContinueLabeledBlock {
+    #[primary_span]
+    #[label]
+    pub span: Span,
+    #[label(hir_typeck_block_label)]
+    pub block_span: Span,
+}
+
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(hir_typeck_break_inside_closure, code = E0267)]
+pub(crate) struct BreakInsideClosure<'a> {
+    #[primary_span]
+    #[label]
+    pub span: Span,
+    #[label(hir_typeck_closure_label)]
+    pub closure_span: Span,
+    pub name: &'a str,
+}
+
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(hir_typeck_break_inside_coroutine, code = E0267)]
+pub(crate) struct BreakInsideCoroutine<'a> {
+    #[primary_span]
+    #[label]
+    pub span: Span,
+    #[label(hir_typeck_coroutine_label)]
+    pub coroutine_span: Span,
+    pub name: &'a str,
+    pub kind: &'a str,
+    pub source: &'a str,
+}
+
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(hir_typeck_outside_loop, code = E0268)]
+pub(crate) struct OutsideLoop<'a> {
+    #[primary_span]
+    #[label]
+    pub spans: Vec<Span>,
+    pub name: &'a str,
+    pub is_break: bool,
+    #[subdiagnostic]
+    pub suggestion: Option<OutsideLoopSuggestion>,
+}
+#[derive(Subdiagnostic)]
+#[multipart_suggestion(hir_typeck_outside_loop_suggestion, applicability = "maybe-incorrect")]
+pub(crate) struct OutsideLoopSuggestion {
+    #[suggestion_part(code = "'block: ")]
+    pub block_span: Span,
+    #[suggestion_part(code = " 'block")]
+    pub break_spans: Vec<Span>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(hir_typeck_unlabeled_in_labeled_block, code = E0695)]
+pub(crate) struct UnlabeledInLabeledBlock<'a> {
+    #[primary_span]
+    #[label]
+    pub span: Span,
+    pub cf_type: &'a str,
+}
+
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(hir_typeck_unlabeled_cf_in_while_condition, code = E0590)]
+pub(crate) struct UnlabeledCfInWhileCondition<'a> {
+    #[primary_span]
+    #[label]
+    pub span: Span,
+    pub cf_type: &'a str,
+}
+
 #[derive(Diagnostic)]
 #[diag(hir_typeck_no_associated_item, code = E0599)]
 pub(crate) struct NoAssociatedItem {
@@ -1035,3 +1163,10 @@ pub(crate) struct NakedFunctionsMustNakedAsm {
     #[label]
     pub span: Span,
 }
+
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(hir_typeck_abi_custom_call)]
+pub(crate) struct AbiCustomCall {
+    #[primary_span]
+    pub span: Span,
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/expr.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/expr.rs
index dfc7935d02b..30bf557dc93 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/expr.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/expr.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 //!
 //! See [`rustc_hir_analysis::check`] for more context on type checking in general.
 
-use rustc_abi::{FIRST_VARIANT, FieldIdx};
+use rustc_abi::{ExternAbi, FIRST_VARIANT, FieldIdx};
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
 use rustc_data_structures::stack::ensure_sufficient_stack;
 use rustc_data_structures::unord::UnordMap;
@@ -809,9 +809,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                     );
                 }
             }
-            // Here we want to prevent struct constructors from returning unsized types.
-            // There were two cases this happened: fn pointer coercion in stable
-            // and usual function call in presence of unsized_locals.
+            // Here we want to prevent struct constructors from returning unsized types,
+            // which can happen with fn pointer coercion on stable.
             // Also, as we just want to check sizedness, instead of introducing
             // placeholder lifetimes with probing, we just replace higher lifetimes
             // with fresh vars.
@@ -1627,6 +1626,14 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                     Some(method.def_id),
                 );
 
+                // Functions of type `extern "custom" fn(/* ... */)` cannot be called using
+                // `ExprKind::MethodCall`. These functions have a calling convention that is
+                // unknown to rust, hence it cannot generate code for the call. The only way
+                // to execute such a function is via inline assembly.
+                if let ExternAbi::Custom = method.sig.abi {
+                    self.tcx.dcx().emit_err(crate::errors::AbiCustomCall { span: expr.span });
+                }
+
                 method.sig.output()
             }
             Err(error) => {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/_impl.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/_impl.rs
index 8a90e768d70..a43449a8f99 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/_impl.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/_impl.rs
@@ -1436,8 +1436,6 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
     /// in this case.
     #[instrument(level = "debug", skip(self, sp), ret)]
     pub(crate) fn try_structurally_resolve_type(&self, sp: Span, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
-        let ty = self.resolve_vars_with_obligations(ty);
-
         if self.next_trait_solver()
             && let ty::Alias(..) = ty.kind()
         {
@@ -1455,7 +1453,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                 }
             }
         } else {
-            ty
+            self.resolve_vars_with_obligations(ty)
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/inspect_obligations.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/inspect_obligations.rs
index 7f1f3c3c802..e4c62bf027b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/inspect_obligations.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/inspect_obligations.rs
@@ -120,15 +120,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ProofTreeVisitor<'tcx> for NestedObligationsForSelfTy<'a, 'tcx> {
     fn visit_goal(&mut self, inspect_goal: &InspectGoal<'_, 'tcx>) {
         // No need to walk into goal subtrees that certainly hold, since they
         // wouldn't then be stalled on an infer var.
-        // FIXME: We also walk into normalizes-to goals since their certainty
-        // is forced to `Certainty::Yes` since they pass down ambiguous subgoals
-        // to their parent.
-        if inspect_goal.result() == Ok(Certainty::Yes)
-            && !matches!(
-                inspect_goal.goal().predicate.kind().skip_binder(),
-                ty::PredicateKind::NormalizesTo(_)
-            )
-        {
+        if inspect_goal.result() == Ok(Certainty::Yes) {
             return;
         }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/mod.rs
index a5c0829b8d9..e979798a402 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/mod.rs
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ impl<'tcx> HirTyLowerer<'tcx> for FnCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
         _hir_id: rustc_hir::HirId,
         _hir_ty: Option<&hir::Ty<'_>>,
     ) -> (Vec<Ty<'tcx>>, Ty<'tcx>) {
-        let input_tys = decl.inputs.iter().map(|a| self.lowerer().lower_arg_ty(a, None)).collect();
+        let input_tys = decl.inputs.iter().map(|a| self.lowerer().lower_ty(a)).collect();
 
         let output_ty = match decl.output {
             hir::FnRetTy::Return(output) => self.lowerer().lower_ty(output),
@@ -412,9 +412,10 @@ pub(crate) struct LoweredTy<'tcx> {
 
 impl<'tcx> LoweredTy<'tcx> {
     fn from_raw(fcx: &FnCtxt<'_, 'tcx>, span: Span, raw: Ty<'tcx>) -> LoweredTy<'tcx> {
-        // FIXME(-Znext-solver): We're still figuring out how to best handle
-        // normalization and this doesn't feel too great. We should look at this
-        // code again before stabilizing it.
+        // FIXME(-Znext-solver=no): This is easier than requiring all uses of `LoweredTy`
+        // to call `try_structurally_resolve_type` instead. This seems like a lot of
+        // effort, especially as we're still supporting the old solver. We may revisit
+        // this in the future.
         let normalized = if fcx.next_trait_solver() {
             fcx.try_structurally_resolve_type(span, raw)
         } else {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/gather_locals.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/gather_locals.rs
index 7d99b0e7869..f1d6476a0f3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/gather_locals.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/gather_locals.rs
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for GatherLocalsVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
                         ),
                     );
                 }
-            } else if !self.fcx.tcx.features().unsized_locals() {
+            } else {
                 self.fcx.require_type_is_sized(
                     var_ty,
                     p.span,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/lib.rs
index 741a616631a..043a687914b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/lib.rs
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ mod fallback;
 mod fn_ctxt;
 mod gather_locals;
 mod intrinsicck;
+mod loops;
 mod method;
 mod naked_functions;
 mod op;
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ use rustc_errors::{Applicability, ErrorGuaranteed, pluralize, struct_span_code_e
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def::{DefKind, Res};
 use rustc_hir::{HirId, HirIdMap, Node};
-use rustc_hir_analysis::check::check_abi;
+use rustc_hir_analysis::check::{check_abi, check_custom_abi};
 use rustc_hir_analysis::hir_ty_lowering::HirTyLowerer;
 use rustc_infer::traits::{ObligationCauseCode, ObligationInspector, WellFormedLoc};
 use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
@@ -137,7 +138,7 @@ fn typeck_with_inspect<'tcx>(
         // for visit the asm expr of the body.
         let ty = fcx.check_expr(body.value);
         fcx.write_ty(id, ty);
-    } else if let Some(hir::FnSig { header, decl, .. }) = node.fn_sig() {
+    } else if let Some(hir::FnSig { header, decl, span: fn_sig_span }) = node.fn_sig() {
         let fn_sig = if decl.output.is_suggestable_infer_ty().is_some() {
             // In the case that we're recovering `fn() -> W<_>` or some other return
             // type that has an infer in it, lower the type directly so that it'll
@@ -149,6 +150,9 @@ fn typeck_with_inspect<'tcx>(
         };
 
         check_abi(tcx, id, span, fn_sig.abi());
+        check_custom_abi(tcx, def_id, fn_sig.skip_binder(), *fn_sig_span);
+
+        loops::check(tcx, def_id, body);
 
         // Compute the function signature from point of view of inside the fn.
         let mut fn_sig = tcx.liberate_late_bound_regions(def_id.to_def_id(), fn_sig);
@@ -189,6 +193,8 @@ fn typeck_with_inspect<'tcx>(
             tcx.type_of(def_id).instantiate_identity()
         };
 
+        loops::check(tcx, def_id, body);
+
         let expected_type = fcx.normalize(body.value.span, expected_type);
 
         let wf_code = ObligationCauseCode::WellFormed(Some(WellFormedLoc::Ty(def_id)));
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/loops.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/loops.rs
index b06f16cc7bd..b06e0704b6f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/loops.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/loops.rs
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ use std::fmt;
 
 use Context::*;
 use rustc_hir as hir;
-use rustc_hir::def_id::{LocalDefId, LocalModDefId};
+use rustc_hir::def::DefKind;
+use rustc_hir::def_id::LocalDefId;
 use rustc_hir::intravisit::{self, Visitor};
 use rustc_hir::{Destination, Node};
 use rustc_middle::hir::nested_filter;
-use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::span_bug;
 use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
 use rustc_span::hygiene::DesugaringKind;
@@ -73,17 +73,17 @@ struct CheckLoopVisitor<'tcx> {
     block_breaks: BTreeMap<Span, BlockInfo>,
 }
 
-fn check_mod_loops(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, module_def_id: LocalModDefId) {
+pub(crate) fn check<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, def_id: LocalDefId, body: &'tcx hir::Body<'tcx>) {
     let mut check =
         CheckLoopVisitor { tcx, cx_stack: vec![Normal], block_breaks: Default::default() };
-    tcx.hir_visit_item_likes_in_module(module_def_id, &mut check);
+    let cx = match tcx.def_kind(def_id) {
+        DefKind::AnonConst => AnonConst,
+        _ => Fn,
+    };
+    check.with_context(cx, |v| v.visit_body(body));
     check.report_outside_loop_error();
 }
 
-pub(crate) fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
-    *providers = Providers { check_mod_loops, ..*providers };
-}
-
 impl<'hir> Visitor<'hir> for CheckLoopVisitor<'hir> {
     type NestedFilter = nested_filter::OnlyBodies;
 
@@ -91,33 +91,14 @@ impl<'hir> Visitor<'hir> for CheckLoopVisitor<'hir> {
         self.tcx
     }
 
-    fn visit_anon_const(&mut self, c: &'hir hir::AnonConst) {
-        self.with_context(AnonConst, |v| intravisit::walk_anon_const(v, c));
+    fn visit_anon_const(&mut self, _: &'hir hir::AnonConst) {
+        // Typecked on its own.
     }
 
     fn visit_inline_const(&mut self, c: &'hir hir::ConstBlock) {
         self.with_context(ConstBlock, |v| intravisit::walk_inline_const(v, c));
     }
 
-    fn visit_fn(
-        &mut self,
-        fk: hir::intravisit::FnKind<'hir>,
-        fd: &'hir hir::FnDecl<'hir>,
-        b: hir::BodyId,
-        _: Span,
-        id: LocalDefId,
-    ) {
-        self.with_context(Fn, |v| intravisit::walk_fn(v, fk, fd, b, id));
-    }
-
-    fn visit_trait_item(&mut self, trait_item: &'hir hir::TraitItem<'hir>) {
-        self.with_context(Fn, |v| intravisit::walk_trait_item(v, trait_item));
-    }
-
-    fn visit_impl_item(&mut self, impl_item: &'hir hir::ImplItem<'hir>) {
-        self.with_context(Fn, |v| intravisit::walk_impl_item(v, impl_item));
-    }
-
     fn visit_expr(&mut self, e: &'hir hir::Expr<'hir>) {
         match e.kind {
             hir::ExprKind::If(cond, then, else_opt) => {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/probe.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/probe.rs
index 725240b480b..a3fdf200c8e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/probe.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/probe.rs
@@ -1913,8 +1913,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ProbeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                         ty::Binder::dummy(trait_ref),
                     );
 
-                    // FIXME(-Znext-solver): We only need this hack to deal with fatal
-                    // overflow in the old solver.
+                    // We only need this hack to deal with fatal overflow in the old solver.
                     if self.infcx.next_trait_solver() || self.infcx.predicate_may_hold(&obligation)
                     {
                         ocx.register_obligation(obligation);
@@ -1955,17 +1954,17 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ProbeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                 }
             }
 
-            // FIXME(-Znext-solver): See the linked issue below.
-            // <https://github.com/rust-lang/trait-system-refactor-initiative/issues/134>
+            // See <https://github.com/rust-lang/trait-system-refactor-initiative/issues/134>.
             //
             // In the new solver, check the well-formedness of the return type.
             // This emulates, in a way, the predicates that fall out of
             // normalizing the return type in the old solver.
             //
-            // We alternatively could check the predicates of the method itself hold,
-            // but we intentionally do not do this in the old solver b/c of cycles,
-            // and doing it in the new solver would be stronger. This should be fixed
-            // in the future, since it likely leads to much better method winnowing.
+            // FIXME(-Znext-solver): We alternatively could check the predicates of
+            // the method itself hold, but we intentionally do not do this in the old
+            // solver b/c of cycles, and doing it in the new solver would be stronger.
+            // This should be fixed in the future, since it likely leads to much better
+            // method winnowing.
             if let Some(xform_ret_ty) = xform_ret_ty
                 && self.infcx.next_trait_solver()
             {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/suggest.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/suggest.rs
index 3eae95d5b73..6cb53bbd745 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/suggest.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/suggest.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@ use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxIndexMap, FxIndexSet};
 use rustc_data_structures::sorted_map::SortedMap;
 use rustc_data_structures::unord::UnordSet;
 use rustc_errors::codes::*;
-use rustc_errors::{Applicability, Diag, MultiSpan, StashKey, pluralize, struct_span_code_err};
+use rustc_errors::{
+    Applicability, Diag, DiagStyledString, MultiSpan, StashKey, pluralize, struct_span_code_err,
+};
 use rustc_hir::def::{CtorKind, DefKind, Res};
 use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc_hir::intravisit::{self, Visitor};
@@ -1569,7 +1571,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             );
         }
 
-        if rcvr_ty.is_numeric() && rcvr_ty.is_fresh() || restrict_type_params || suggested_derive {
+        if rcvr_ty.is_numeric() && rcvr_ty.is_fresh()
+            || restrict_type_params
+            || suggested_derive
+            || self.lookup_alternative_tuple_impls(&mut err, &unsatisfied_predicates)
+        {
         } else {
             self.suggest_traits_to_import(
                 &mut err,
@@ -1744,6 +1750,119 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         err.emit()
     }
 
+    /// If the predicate failure is caused by an unmet bound on a tuple, recheck if the bound would
+    /// succeed if all the types on the tuple had no borrows. This is a common problem for libraries
+    /// like Bevy and ORMs, which rely heavily on traits being implemented on tuples.
+    fn lookup_alternative_tuple_impls(
+        &self,
+        err: &mut Diag<'_>,
+        unsatisfied_predicates: &[(
+            ty::Predicate<'tcx>,
+            Option<ty::Predicate<'tcx>>,
+            Option<ObligationCause<'tcx>>,
+        )],
+    ) -> bool {
+        let mut found_tuple = false;
+        for (pred, root, _ob) in unsatisfied_predicates {
+            let mut preds = vec![pred];
+            if let Some(root) = root {
+                // We will look at both the current predicate and the root predicate that caused it
+                // to be needed. If calling something like `<(A, &B)>::default()`, then `pred` is
+                // `&B: Default` and `root` is `(A, &B): Default`, which is the one we are checking
+                // for further down, so we check both.
+                preds.push(root);
+            }
+            for pred in preds {
+                if let Some(clause) = pred.as_clause()
+                    && let Some(clause) = clause.as_trait_clause()
+                    && let ty = clause.self_ty().skip_binder()
+                    && let ty::Tuple(types) = ty.kind()
+                {
+                    let path = clause.skip_binder().trait_ref.print_only_trait_path();
+                    let def_id = clause.def_id();
+                    let ty = Ty::new_tup(
+                        self.tcx,
+                        self.tcx.mk_type_list_from_iter(types.iter().map(|ty| ty.peel_refs())),
+                    );
+                    let args = ty::GenericArgs::for_item(self.tcx, def_id, |param, _| {
+                        if param.index == 0 {
+                            ty.into()
+                        } else {
+                            self.infcx.var_for_def(DUMMY_SP, param)
+                        }
+                    });
+                    if self
+                        .infcx
+                        .type_implements_trait(def_id, args, self.param_env)
+                        .must_apply_modulo_regions()
+                    {
+                        // "`Trait` is implemented for `(A, B)` but not for `(A, &B)`"
+                        let mut msg = DiagStyledString::normal(format!("`{path}` "));
+                        msg.push_highlighted("is");
+                        msg.push_normal(" implemented for `(");
+                        let len = types.len();
+                        for (i, t) in types.iter().enumerate() {
+                            msg.push(
+                                format!("{}", with_forced_trimmed_paths!(t.peel_refs())),
+                                t.peel_refs() != t,
+                            );
+                            if i < len - 1 {
+                                msg.push_normal(", ");
+                            }
+                        }
+                        msg.push_normal(")` but ");
+                        msg.push_highlighted("not");
+                        msg.push_normal(" for `(");
+                        for (i, t) in types.iter().enumerate() {
+                            msg.push(
+                                format!("{}", with_forced_trimmed_paths!(t)),
+                                t.peel_refs() != t,
+                            );
+                            if i < len - 1 {
+                                msg.push_normal(", ");
+                            }
+                        }
+                        msg.push_normal(")`");
+
+                        // Find the span corresponding to the impl that was found to point at it.
+                        if let Some(impl_span) = self
+                            .tcx
+                            .all_impls(def_id)
+                            .filter(|&impl_def_id| {
+                                let header = self.tcx.impl_trait_header(impl_def_id).unwrap();
+                                let trait_ref = header.trait_ref.instantiate(
+                                    self.tcx,
+                                    self.infcx.fresh_args_for_item(DUMMY_SP, impl_def_id),
+                                );
+
+                                let value = ty::fold_regions(self.tcx, ty, |_, _| {
+                                    self.tcx.lifetimes.re_erased
+                                });
+                                // FIXME: Don't bother dealing with non-lifetime binders here...
+                                if value.has_escaping_bound_vars() {
+                                    return false;
+                                }
+                                self.infcx.can_eq(ty::ParamEnv::empty(), trait_ref.self_ty(), value)
+                                    && header.polarity == ty::ImplPolarity::Positive
+                            })
+                            .map(|impl_def_id| self.tcx.def_span(impl_def_id))
+                            .next()
+                        {
+                            err.highlighted_span_note(impl_span, msg.0);
+                        } else {
+                            err.highlighted_note(msg.0);
+                        }
+                        found_tuple = true;
+                    }
+                    // If `pred` was already on the tuple, we don't need to look at the root
+                    // obligation too.
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        found_tuple
+    }
+
     /// If an appropriate error source is not found, check method chain for possible candidates
     fn lookup_segments_chain_for_no_match_method(
         &self,
@@ -3494,7 +3613,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                             continue;
                         }
                         trait_in_other_version_found = self
-                            .detect_and_explain_multiple_crate_versions(
+                            .detect_and_explain_multiple_crate_versions_of_trait_item(
                                 err,
                                 pick.item.def_id,
                                 rcvr.hir_id,
@@ -3701,12 +3820,13 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             // same crate.
 
             let rcvr_ty = self.node_ty_opt(ty.hir_id);
-            trait_in_other_version_found = self.detect_and_explain_multiple_crate_versions(
-                err,
-                assoc.def_id,
-                ty.hir_id,
-                rcvr_ty,
-            );
+            trait_in_other_version_found = self
+                .detect_and_explain_multiple_crate_versions_of_trait_item(
+                    err,
+                    assoc.def_id,
+                    ty.hir_id,
+                    rcvr_ty,
+                );
         }
         if !trait_in_other_version_found
             && self.suggest_valid_traits(err, item_name, valid_out_of_scope_traits, true)
@@ -4098,7 +4218,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         }
     }
 
-    fn detect_and_explain_multiple_crate_versions(
+    fn detect_and_explain_multiple_crate_versions_of_trait_item(
         &self,
         err: &mut Diag<'_>,
         item_def_id: DefId,
@@ -4111,6 +4231,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             return false;
         }
         let trait_def_id = self.tcx.parent(item_def_id);
+        if !self.tcx.is_trait(trait_def_id) {
+            return false;
+        }
         let krate = self.tcx.crate_name(trait_def_id.krate);
         let name = self.tcx.item_name(trait_def_id);
         let candidates: Vec<_> = traits
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/upvar.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/upvar.rs
index 5b5253c7e7e..982cfa2e42b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/upvar.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/upvar.rs
@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         let final_upvar_tys = self.final_upvar_tys(closure_def_id);
         debug!(?closure_hir_id, ?args, ?final_upvar_tys);
 
-        if self.tcx.features().unsized_locals() || self.tcx.features().unsized_fn_params() {
+        if self.tcx.features().unsized_fn_params() {
             for capture in
                 self.typeck_results.borrow().closure_min_captures_flattened(closure_def_id)
             {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/obligations.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/obligations.rs
index 10827c9fd03..db937b3e83e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/obligations.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/obligations.rs
@@ -198,8 +198,11 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
             }
 
             if !self.tcx.recursion_limit().value_within_limit(iteration) {
+                // This may actually be reachable. If so, we should convert
+                // this to a proper error/consider whether we should detect
+                // this somewhere else.
                 bug!(
-                    "FIXME(-Znext-solver): Overflowed when processing region obligations: {my_region_obligations:#?}"
+                    "unexpected overflowed when processing region obligations: {my_region_obligations:#?}"
                 );
             }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/type_variable.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/type_variable.rs
index 2086483b94a..6f6791804d3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/type_variable.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/type_variable.rs
@@ -238,6 +238,9 @@ impl<'tcx> ut::UnifyKey for TyVidEqKey<'tcx> {
     fn tag() -> &'static str {
         "TyVidEqKey"
     }
+    fn order_roots(a: Self, _: &Self::Value, b: Self, _: &Self::Value) -> Option<(Self, Self)> {
+        if a.vid.as_u32() < b.vid.as_u32() { Some((a, b)) } else { Some((b, a)) }
+    }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> ut::UnifyValue for TypeVariableValue<'tcx> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/unify_key.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/unify_key.rs
index 3ba8aea1d3a..5e5d0e063a0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/unify_key.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/unify_key.rs
@@ -137,6 +137,9 @@ impl<'tcx> UnifyKey for ConstVidKey<'tcx> {
     fn tag() -> &'static str {
         "ConstVidKey"
     }
+    fn order_roots(a: Self, _: &Self::Value, b: Self, _: &Self::Value) -> Option<(Self, Self)> {
+        if a.vid.as_u32() < b.vid.as_u32() { Some((a, b)) } else { Some((b, a)) }
+    }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> UnifyValue for ConstVariableValue<'tcx> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/passes.rs b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/passes.rs
index 2643e5c1926..0238d6a3947 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/passes.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/passes.rs
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ use std::{env, fs, iter};
 use rustc_ast as ast;
 use rustc_codegen_ssa::traits::CodegenBackend;
 use rustc_data_structures::jobserver::Proxy;
-use rustc_data_structures::parallel;
 use rustc_data_structures::steal::Steal;
 use rustc_data_structures::sync::{AppendOnlyIndexVec, FreezeLock, WorkerLocal};
+use rustc_data_structures::{parallel, thousands};
 use rustc_expand::base::{ExtCtxt, LintStoreExpand};
 use rustc_feature::Features;
 use rustc_fs_util::try_canonicalize;
@@ -35,7 +35,8 @@ use rustc_session::parse::feature_err;
 use rustc_session::search_paths::PathKind;
 use rustc_session::{Limit, Session};
 use rustc_span::{
-    DUMMY_SP, ErrorGuaranteed, FileName, SourceFileHash, SourceFileHashAlgorithm, Span, Symbol, sym,
+    DUMMY_SP, ErrorGuaranteed, ExpnKind, FileName, SourceFileHash, SourceFileHashAlgorithm, Span,
+    Symbol, sym,
 };
 use rustc_target::spec::PanicStrategy;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits;
@@ -205,7 +206,7 @@ fn configure_and_expand(
         // Expand macros now!
         let krate = sess.time("expand_crate", || ecx.monotonic_expander().expand_crate(krate));
 
-        // The rest is error reporting
+        // The rest is error reporting and stats
 
         sess.psess.buffered_lints.with_lock(|buffered_lints: &mut Vec<BufferedEarlyLint>| {
             buffered_lints.append(&mut ecx.buffered_early_lint);
@@ -228,6 +229,10 @@ fn configure_and_expand(
             }
         }
 
+        if ecx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.macro_stats {
+            print_macro_stats(&ecx);
+        }
+
         krate
     });
 
@@ -288,6 +293,76 @@ fn configure_and_expand(
     krate
 }
 
+fn print_macro_stats(ecx: &ExtCtxt<'_>) {
+    use std::fmt::Write;
+
+    // No instability because we immediately sort the produced vector.
+    #[allow(rustc::potential_query_instability)]
+    let mut macro_stats: Vec<_> = ecx
+        .macro_stats
+        .iter()
+        .map(|((name, kind), stat)| {
+            // This gives the desired sort order: sort by bytes, then lines, etc.
+            (stat.bytes, stat.lines, stat.uses, name, *kind)
+        })
+        .collect();
+    macro_stats.sort_unstable();
+    macro_stats.reverse(); // bigger items first
+
+    let prefix = "macro-stats";
+    let name_w = 32;
+    let uses_w = 7;
+    let lines_w = 11;
+    let avg_lines_w = 11;
+    let bytes_w = 11;
+    let avg_bytes_w = 11;
+    let banner_w = name_w + uses_w + lines_w + avg_lines_w + bytes_w + avg_bytes_w;
+
+    // We write all the text into a string and print it with a single
+    // `eprint!`. This is an attempt to minimize interleaved text if multiple
+    // rustc processes are printing macro-stats at the same time (e.g. with
+    // `RUSTFLAGS='-Zmacro-stats' cargo build`). It still doesn't guarantee
+    // non-interleaving, though.
+    let mut s = String::new();
+    _ = writeln!(s, "{prefix} {}", "=".repeat(banner_w));
+    _ = writeln!(s, "{prefix} MACRO EXPANSION STATS: {}", ecx.ecfg.crate_name);
+    _ = writeln!(
+        s,
+        "{prefix} {:<name_w$}{:>uses_w$}{:>lines_w$}{:>avg_lines_w$}{:>bytes_w$}{:>avg_bytes_w$}",
+        "Macro Name", "Uses", "Lines", "Avg Lines", "Bytes", "Avg Bytes",
+    );
+    _ = writeln!(s, "{prefix} {}", "-".repeat(banner_w));
+    // It's helpful to print something when there are no entries, otherwise it
+    // might look like something went wrong.
+    if macro_stats.is_empty() {
+        _ = writeln!(s, "{prefix} (none)");
+    }
+    for (bytes, lines, uses, name, kind) in macro_stats {
+        let mut name = ExpnKind::Macro(kind, *name).descr();
+        let avg_lines = lines as f64 / uses as f64;
+        let avg_bytes = bytes as f64 / uses as f64;
+        if name.len() >= name_w {
+            // If the name is long, print it on a line by itself, then
+            // set the name to empty and print things normally, to show the
+            // stats on the next line.
+            _ = writeln!(s, "{prefix} {:<name_w$}", name);
+            name = String::new();
+        }
+        _ = writeln!(
+            s,
+            "{prefix} {:<name_w$}{:>uses_w$}{:>lines_w$}{:>avg_lines_w$}{:>bytes_w$}{:>avg_bytes_w$}",
+            name,
+            thousands::usize_with_underscores(uses),
+            thousands::isize_with_underscores(lines),
+            thousands::f64p1_with_underscores(avg_lines),
+            thousands::isize_with_underscores(bytes),
+            thousands::f64p1_with_underscores(avg_bytes),
+        );
+    }
+    _ = writeln!(s, "{prefix} {}", "=".repeat(banner_w));
+    eprint!("{s}");
+}
+
 fn early_lint_checks(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, (): ()) {
     let sess = tcx.sess;
     let (resolver, krate) = &*tcx.resolver_for_lowering().borrow();
@@ -954,7 +1029,6 @@ fn run_required_analyses(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>) {
                 tcx.ensure_ok().exportable_items(LOCAL_CRATE);
                 tcx.ensure_ok().stable_order_of_exportable_impls(LOCAL_CRATE);
                 tcx.par_hir_for_each_module(|module| {
-                    tcx.ensure_ok().check_mod_loops(module);
                     tcx.ensure_ok().check_mod_attrs(module);
                     tcx.ensure_ok().check_mod_unstable_api_usage(module);
                 });
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/tests.rs b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/tests.rs
index 558f13a832c..5419d688caa 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/tests.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/tests.rs
@@ -709,6 +709,7 @@ fn test_unstable_options_tracking_hash() {
     untracked!(llvm_time_trace, true);
     untracked!(ls, vec!["all".to_owned()]);
     untracked!(macro_backtrace, true);
+    untracked!(macro_stats, true);
     untracked!(meta_stats, true);
     untracked!(mir_include_spans, MirIncludeSpans::On);
     untracked!(nll_facts, true);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_lint/messages.ftl
index fd2e2ba39ac..46ae4146528 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/messages.ftl
@@ -72,9 +72,6 @@ lint_builtin_const_no_mangle = const items should never be `#[no_mangle]`
 lint_builtin_decl_unsafe_fn = declaration of an `unsafe` function
 lint_builtin_decl_unsafe_method = declaration of an `unsafe` method
 
-lint_builtin_deprecated_attr_link = use of deprecated attribute `{$name}`: {$reason}. See {$link}
-    .msg_suggestion = {$msg}
-    .default_suggestion = remove this attribute
 lint_builtin_deref_nullptr = dereferencing a null pointer
     .label = this code causes undefined behavior when executed
 
@@ -533,8 +530,6 @@ lint_mismatched_lifetime_syntaxes_suggestion_implicit =
 lint_mismatched_lifetime_syntaxes_suggestion_mixed =
     one option is to remove the lifetime for references and use the anonymous lifetime for paths
 
-lint_missing_fragment_specifier = missing fragment specifier
-
 lint_missing_unsafe_on_extern = extern blocks should be unsafe
     .suggestion = needs `unsafe` before the extern keyword
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/builtin.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/builtin.rs
index 69e9f8e1b2c..dedea54f8e0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/builtin.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/builtin.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use rustc_ast::visit::{FnCtxt, FnKind};
 use rustc_ast::{self as ast, *};
 use rustc_ast_pretty::pprust::expr_to_string;
 use rustc_errors::{Applicability, LintDiagnostic};
-use rustc_feature::{AttributeGate, BuiltinAttribute, GateIssue, Stability, deprecated_attributes};
+use rustc_feature::GateIssue;
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def::{DefKind, Res};
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{CRATE_DEF_ID, DefId, LocalDefId};
@@ -48,8 +48,7 @@ use rustc_trait_selection::traits::{self};
 
 use crate::errors::BuiltinEllipsisInclusiveRangePatterns;
 use crate::lints::{
-    BuiltinAnonymousParams, BuiltinConstNoMangle, BuiltinDeprecatedAttrLink,
-    BuiltinDeprecatedAttrLinkSuggestion, BuiltinDerefNullptr, BuiltinDoubleNegations,
+    BuiltinAnonymousParams, BuiltinConstNoMangle, BuiltinDerefNullptr, BuiltinDoubleNegations,
     BuiltinDoubleNegationsAddParens, BuiltinEllipsisInclusiveRangePatternsLint,
     BuiltinExplicitOutlives, BuiltinExplicitOutlivesSuggestion, BuiltinFeatureIssueNote,
     BuiltinIncompleteFeatures, BuiltinIncompleteFeaturesHelp, BuiltinInternalFeatures,
@@ -799,53 +798,6 @@ impl EarlyLintPass for AnonymousParameters {
     }
 }
 
-/// Check for use of attributes which have been deprecated.
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct DeprecatedAttr {
-    // This is not free to compute, so we want to keep it around, rather than
-    // compute it for every attribute.
-    depr_attrs: Vec<&'static BuiltinAttribute>,
-}
-
-impl_lint_pass!(DeprecatedAttr => []);
-
-impl Default for DeprecatedAttr {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        DeprecatedAttr { depr_attrs: deprecated_attributes() }
-    }
-}
-
-impl EarlyLintPass for DeprecatedAttr {
-    fn check_attribute(&mut self, cx: &EarlyContext<'_>, attr: &ast::Attribute) {
-        for BuiltinAttribute { name, gate, .. } in &self.depr_attrs {
-            if attr.ident().map(|ident| ident.name) == Some(*name) {
-                if let &AttributeGate::Gated(
-                    Stability::Deprecated(link, suggestion),
-                    name,
-                    reason,
-                    _,
-                ) = gate
-                {
-                    let suggestion = match suggestion {
-                        Some(msg) => {
-                            BuiltinDeprecatedAttrLinkSuggestion::Msg { suggestion: attr.span, msg }
-                        }
-                        None => {
-                            BuiltinDeprecatedAttrLinkSuggestion::Default { suggestion: attr.span }
-                        }
-                    };
-                    cx.emit_span_lint(
-                        DEPRECATED,
-                        attr.span,
-                        BuiltinDeprecatedAttrLink { name, reason, link, suggestion },
-                    );
-                }
-                return;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 fn warn_if_doc(cx: &EarlyContext<'_>, node_span: Span, node_kind: &str, attrs: &[ast::Attribute]) {
     use rustc_ast::token::CommentKind;
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/early.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/early.rs
index 4978f293ab7..12666d383f9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/early.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/early.rs
@@ -136,7 +136,6 @@ impl<'ast, 'ecx, 'tcx, T: EarlyLintPass> ast_visit::Visitor<'ast>
         // the AST struct that they wrap (e.g. an item)
         self.with_lint_attrs(s.id, s.attrs(), |cx| {
             lint_callback!(cx, check_stmt, s);
-            cx.check_id(s.id);
         });
         // The visitor for the AST struct wrapped
         // by the statement (e.g. `Item`) will call
@@ -147,7 +146,6 @@ impl<'ast, 'ecx, 'tcx, T: EarlyLintPass> ast_visit::Visitor<'ast>
 
     fn visit_fn(&mut self, fk: ast_visit::FnKind<'ast>, span: Span, id: ast::NodeId) {
         lint_callback!(self, check_fn, fk, span, id);
-        self.check_id(id);
         ast_visit::walk_fn(self, fk);
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/early/diagnostics.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/early/diagnostics.rs
index 60c477dd6c7..3b0a36186b6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/early/diagnostics.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/early/diagnostics.rs
@@ -432,9 +432,6 @@ pub fn decorate_builtin_lint(
         BuiltinLintDiag::CfgAttrNoAttributes => {
             lints::CfgAttrNoAttributes.decorate_lint(diag);
         }
-        BuiltinLintDiag::MissingFragmentSpecifier => {
-            lints::MissingFragmentSpecifier.decorate_lint(diag);
-        }
         BuiltinLintDiag::MetaVariableStillRepeating(name) => {
             lints::MetaVariableStillRepeating { name }.decorate_lint(diag);
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/impl_trait_overcaptures.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/impl_trait_overcaptures.rs
index 8124d7f7c86..aa6f36a67f0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/impl_trait_overcaptures.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/impl_trait_overcaptures.rs
@@ -15,8 +15,7 @@ use rustc_middle::ty::relate::{
     Relate, RelateResult, TypeRelation, structurally_relate_consts, structurally_relate_tys,
 };
 use rustc_middle::ty::{
-    self, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeFoldable, TypeSuperVisitable, TypeVisitable, TypeVisitableExt,
-    TypeVisitor,
+    self, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeSuperVisitable, TypeVisitable, TypeVisitableExt, TypeVisitor,
 };
 use rustc_middle::{bug, span_bug};
 use rustc_session::lint::FutureIncompatibilityReason;
@@ -210,7 +209,7 @@ where
     VarFn: FnOnce() -> FxHashMap<DefId, ty::Variance>,
     OutlivesFn: FnOnce() -> OutlivesEnvironment<'tcx>,
 {
-    fn visit_binder<T: TypeFoldable<TyCtxt<'tcx>>>(&mut self, t: &ty::Binder<'tcx, T>) {
+    fn visit_binder<T: TypeVisitable<TyCtxt<'tcx>>>(&mut self, t: &ty::Binder<'tcx, T>) {
         // When we get into a binder, we need to add its own bound vars to the scope.
         let mut added = vec![];
         for arg in t.bound_vars() {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/lib.rs
index 72bfeaddbf1..e84cdb581b5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/lib.rs
@@ -174,7 +174,6 @@ early_lint_methods!(
             AnonymousParameters: AnonymousParameters,
             EllipsisInclusiveRangePatterns: EllipsisInclusiveRangePatterns::default(),
             NonCamelCaseTypes: NonCamelCaseTypes,
-            DeprecatedAttr: DeprecatedAttr::default(),
             WhileTrue: WhileTrue,
             NonAsciiIdents: NonAsciiIdents,
             IncompleteInternalFeatures: IncompleteInternalFeatures,
@@ -619,6 +618,11 @@ fn register_builtins(store: &mut LintStore) {
         "converted into hard error, \
          see <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/116558> for more information",
     );
+    store.register_removed(
+        "missing_fragment_specifier",
+        "converted into hard error, \
+         see <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/40107> for more information",
+    );
 }
 
 fn register_internals(store: &mut LintStore) {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/lints.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/lints.rs
index 9d3c74a9a2b..3d17dfbc451 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/lints.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/lints.rs
@@ -199,32 +199,6 @@ pub(crate) struct BuiltinAnonymousParams<'a> {
     pub ty_snip: &'a str,
 }
 
-// FIXME(davidtwco) translatable deprecated attr
-#[derive(LintDiagnostic)]
-#[diag(lint_builtin_deprecated_attr_link)]
-pub(crate) struct BuiltinDeprecatedAttrLink<'a> {
-    pub name: Symbol,
-    pub reason: &'a str,
-    pub link: &'a str,
-    #[subdiagnostic]
-    pub suggestion: BuiltinDeprecatedAttrLinkSuggestion<'a>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Subdiagnostic)]
-pub(crate) enum BuiltinDeprecatedAttrLinkSuggestion<'a> {
-    #[suggestion(lint_msg_suggestion, code = "", applicability = "machine-applicable")]
-    Msg {
-        #[primary_span]
-        suggestion: Span,
-        msg: &'a str,
-    },
-    #[suggestion(lint_default_suggestion, code = "", applicability = "machine-applicable")]
-    Default {
-        #[primary_span]
-        suggestion: Span,
-    },
-}
-
 #[derive(LintDiagnostic)]
 #[diag(lint_builtin_unused_doc_comment)]
 pub(crate) struct BuiltinUnusedDocComment<'a> {
@@ -2617,10 +2591,6 @@ pub(crate) struct DuplicateMacroAttribute;
 pub(crate) struct CfgAttrNoAttributes;
 
 #[derive(LintDiagnostic)]
-#[diag(lint_missing_fragment_specifier)]
-pub(crate) struct MissingFragmentSpecifier;
-
-#[derive(LintDiagnostic)]
 #[diag(lint_metavariable_still_repeating)]
 pub(crate) struct MetaVariableStillRepeating {
     pub name: MacroRulesNormalizedIdent,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/nonstandard_style.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/nonstandard_style.rs
index 31c18074466..1b60466a589 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/nonstandard_style.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/nonstandard_style.rs
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ impl NonCamelCaseTypes {
 impl EarlyLintPass for NonCamelCaseTypes {
     fn check_item(&mut self, cx: &EarlyContext<'_>, it: &ast::Item) {
         let has_repr_c = matches!(
-            AttributeParser::parse_limited(cx.sess(), &it.attrs, sym::repr, it.span, true),
+            AttributeParser::parse_limited(cx.sess(), &it.attrs, sym::repr, it.span, it.id),
             Some(Attribute::Parsed(AttributeKind::Repr(r))) if r.iter().any(|(r, _)| r == &ReprAttr::ReprC)
         );
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/types.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/types.rs
index fec23354c91..aaba0c14b1c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/types.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/types.rs
@@ -196,7 +196,8 @@ declare_lint! {
     /// same address after being merged together.
     UNPREDICTABLE_FUNCTION_POINTER_COMPARISONS,
     Warn,
-    "detects unpredictable function pointer comparisons"
+    "detects unpredictable function pointer comparisons",
+    report_in_external_macro
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Default)]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint_defs/src/builtin.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint_defs/src/builtin.rs
index 777118e69fb..295dd82fead 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint_defs/src/builtin.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint_defs/src/builtin.rs
@@ -65,7 +65,6 @@ declare_lint_pass! {
         MACRO_USE_EXTERN_CRATE,
         META_VARIABLE_MISUSE,
         MISSING_ABI,
-        MISSING_FRAGMENT_SPECIFIER,
         MISSING_UNSAFE_ON_EXTERN,
         MUST_NOT_SUSPEND,
         NAMED_ARGUMENTS_USED_POSITIONALLY,
@@ -1418,51 +1417,6 @@ declare_lint! {
 }
 
 declare_lint! {
-    /// The `missing_fragment_specifier` lint is issued when an unused pattern in a
-    /// `macro_rules!` macro definition has a meta-variable (e.g. `$e`) that is not
-    /// followed by a fragment specifier (e.g. `:expr`).
-    ///
-    /// This warning can always be fixed by removing the unused pattern in the
-    /// `macro_rules!` macro definition.
-    ///
-    /// ### Example
-    ///
-    /// ```rust,compile_fail,edition2021
-    /// macro_rules! foo {
-    ///    () => {};
-    ///    ($name) => { };
-    /// }
-    ///
-    /// fn main() {
-    ///    foo!();
-    /// }
-    /// ```
-    ///
-    /// {{produces}}
-    ///
-    /// ### Explanation
-    ///
-    /// To fix this, remove the unused pattern from the `macro_rules!` macro definition:
-    ///
-    /// ```rust
-    /// macro_rules! foo {
-    ///     () => {};
-    /// }
-    /// fn main() {
-    ///     foo!();
-    /// }
-    /// ```
-    pub MISSING_FRAGMENT_SPECIFIER,
-    Deny,
-    "detects missing fragment specifiers in unused `macro_rules!` patterns",
-    @future_incompatible = FutureIncompatibleInfo {
-        reason: FutureIncompatibilityReason::FutureReleaseError,
-        reference: "issue #40107 <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/40107>",
-        report_in_deps: true,
-    };
-}
-
-declare_lint! {
     /// The `late_bound_lifetime_arguments` lint detects generic lifetime
     /// arguments in path segments with late bound lifetime parameters.
     ///
@@ -3664,7 +3618,7 @@ declare_lint! {
     "use of unsupported calling convention",
     @future_incompatible = FutureIncompatibleInfo {
         reason: FutureIncompatibilityReason::FutureReleaseError,
-        report_in_deps: true,
+        report_in_deps: false,
         reference: "issue #137018 <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/137018>",
     };
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint_defs/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint_defs/src/lib.rs
index 1d9b7a7fcb9..cd402c9234f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint_defs/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint_defs/src/lib.rs
@@ -778,7 +778,6 @@ pub enum BuiltinLintDiag {
     UnnameableTestItems,
     DuplicateMacroAttribute,
     CfgAttrNoAttributes,
-    MissingFragmentSpecifier,
     MetaVariableStillRepeating(MacroRulesNormalizedIdent),
     MetaVariableWrongOperator,
     DuplicateMatcherBinding,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_log/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_log/src/lib.rs
index 1bb502ca3d0..df648bbd489 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_log/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_log/src/lib.rs
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ use tracing_subscriber::filter::{Directive, EnvFilter, LevelFilter};
 use tracing_subscriber::fmt::FmtContext;
 use tracing_subscriber::fmt::format::{self, FormatEvent, FormatFields};
 use tracing_subscriber::layer::SubscriberExt;
+use tracing_subscriber::{Layer, Registry};
 
 /// The values of all the environment variables that matter for configuring a logger.
 /// Errors are explicitly preserved so that we can share error handling.
@@ -72,6 +73,36 @@ impl LoggerConfig {
 
 /// Initialize the logger with the given values for the filter, coloring, and other options env variables.
 pub fn init_logger(cfg: LoggerConfig) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    init_logger_with_additional_layer(cfg, || Registry::default())
+}
+
+/// Trait alias for the complex return type of `build_subscriber` in
+/// [init_logger_with_additional_layer]. A [Registry] with any composition of [tracing::Subscriber]s
+/// (e.g. `Registry::default().with(custom_layer)`) should be compatible with this type.
+/// Having an alias is also useful so rustc_driver_impl does not need to explicitly depend on
+/// `tracing_subscriber`.
+pub trait BuildSubscriberRet:
+    tracing::Subscriber + for<'span> tracing_subscriber::registry::LookupSpan<'span> + Send + Sync
+{
+}
+
+impl<
+    T: tracing::Subscriber + for<'span> tracing_subscriber::registry::LookupSpan<'span> + Send + Sync,
+> BuildSubscriberRet for T
+{
+}
+
+/// Initialize the logger with the given values for the filter, coloring, and other options env variables.
+/// Additionally add a custom layer to collect logging and tracing events via `build_subscriber`,
+/// for example: `|| Registry::default().with(custom_layer)`.
+pub fn init_logger_with_additional_layer<F, T>(
+    cfg: LoggerConfig,
+    build_subscriber: F,
+) -> Result<(), Error>
+where
+    F: FnOnce() -> T,
+    T: BuildSubscriberRet,
+{
     let filter = match cfg.filter {
         Ok(env) => EnvFilter::new(env),
         _ => EnvFilter::default().add_directive(Directive::from(LevelFilter::WARN)),
@@ -124,7 +155,7 @@ pub fn init_logger(cfg: LoggerConfig) -> Result<(), Error> {
         Err(_) => {} // no wraptree
     }
 
-    let subscriber = tracing_subscriber::Registry::default().with(filter).with(layer);
+    let subscriber = build_subscriber().with(layer.with_filter(filter));
     match cfg.backtrace {
         Ok(backtrace_target) => {
             let fmt_layer = tracing_subscriber::fmt::layer()
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/decoder.rs b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/decoder.rs
index 1dae858b7ef..1953eef8170 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/decoder.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/decoder.rs
@@ -1649,34 +1649,7 @@ impl<'a> CrateMetadataRef<'a> {
                         old_name
                     && let Ok(rest) = virtual_name.strip_prefix(virtual_dir)
                 {
-                    // The std library crates are in
-                    // `$sysroot/lib/rustlib/src/rust/library`, whereas other crates
-                    // may be in `$sysroot/lib/rustlib/src/rust/` directly. So we
-                    // detect crates from the std libs and handle them specially.
-                    const STD_LIBS: &[&str] = &[
-                        "core",
-                        "alloc",
-                        "std",
-                        "test",
-                        "term",
-                        "unwind",
-                        "proc_macro",
-                        "panic_abort",
-                        "panic_unwind",
-                        "profiler_builtins",
-                        "rtstartup",
-                        "rustc-std-workspace-core",
-                        "rustc-std-workspace-alloc",
-                        "rustc-std-workspace-std",
-                        "backtrace",
-                    ];
-                    let is_std_lib = STD_LIBS.iter().any(|l| rest.starts_with(l));
-
-                    let new_path = if is_std_lib {
-                        real_dir.join("library").join(rest)
-                    } else {
-                        real_dir.join(rest)
-                    };
+                    let new_path = real_dir.join(rest);
 
                     debug!(
                         "try_to_translate_virtual_to_real: `{}` -> `{}`",
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/encoder.rs b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/encoder.rs
index 3ab989d2d3b..00bd32eb0eb 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/encoder.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/encoder.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxIndexMap, FxIndexSet};
 use rustc_data_structures::memmap::{Mmap, MmapMut};
 use rustc_data_structures::sync::{join, par_for_each_in};
 use rustc_data_structures::temp_dir::MaybeTempDir;
-use rustc_data_structures::thousands::format_with_underscores;
+use rustc_data_structures::thousands::usize_with_underscores;
 use rustc_feature::Features;
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{CRATE_DEF_ID, CRATE_DEF_INDEX, LOCAL_CRATE, LocalDefId, LocalDefIdSet};
@@ -789,7 +789,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> EncodeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                     "{} {:<23}{:>10} ({:4.1}%)",
                     prefix,
                     label,
-                    format_with_underscores(size),
+                    usize_with_underscores(size),
                     perc(size)
                 );
             }
@@ -798,7 +798,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> EncodeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                 "{} {:<23}{:>10} (of which {:.1}% are zero bytes)",
                 prefix,
                 "Total",
-                format_with_underscores(total_bytes),
+                usize_with_underscores(total_bytes),
                 perc(zero_bytes)
             );
             eprintln!("{prefix}");
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/hir/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/hir/mod.rs
index d1f5caaafb2..cb4760c18de 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/hir/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/hir/mod.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ use rustc_data_structures::stable_hasher::{HashStable, StableHasher};
 use rustc_data_structures::sync::{DynSend, DynSync, try_par_for_each_in};
 use rustc_hir::def::DefKind;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefId, LocalDefId, LocalModDefId};
+use rustc_hir::lints::DelayedLint;
 use rustc_hir::*;
 use rustc_macros::{Decodable, Encodable, HashStable};
 use rustc_span::{ErrorGuaranteed, ExpnId, Span};
@@ -161,8 +162,9 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
         node: OwnerNode<'_>,
         bodies: &SortedMap<ItemLocalId, &Body<'_>>,
         attrs: &SortedMap<ItemLocalId, &[Attribute]>,
+        delayed_lints: &[DelayedLint],
         define_opaque: Option<&[(Span, LocalDefId)]>,
-    ) -> (Option<Fingerprint>, Option<Fingerprint>) {
+    ) -> (Option<Fingerprint>, Option<Fingerprint>, Option<Fingerprint>) {
         if self.needs_crate_hash() {
             self.with_stable_hashing_context(|mut hcx| {
                 let mut stable_hasher = StableHasher::new();
@@ -178,10 +180,16 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
                 define_opaque.hash_stable(&mut hcx, &mut stable_hasher);
 
                 let h2 = stable_hasher.finish();
-                (Some(h1), Some(h2))
+
+                // hash lints emitted during ast lowering
+                let mut stable_hasher = StableHasher::new();
+                delayed_lints.hash_stable(&mut hcx, &mut stable_hasher);
+                let h3 = stable_hasher.finish();
+
+                (Some(h1), Some(h2), Some(h3))
             })
         } else {
-            (None, None)
+            (None, None, None)
         }
     }
 }
@@ -214,6 +222,8 @@ pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
     providers.hir_attr_map = |tcx, id| {
         tcx.hir_crate(()).owners[id.def_id].as_owner().map_or(AttributeMap::EMPTY, |o| &o.attrs)
     };
+    providers.opt_ast_lowering_delayed_lints =
+        |tcx, id| tcx.hir_crate(()).owners[id.def_id].as_owner().map(|o| &o.delayed_lints);
     providers.def_span = |tcx, def_id| tcx.hir_span(tcx.local_def_id_to_hir_id(def_id));
     providers.def_ident_span = |tcx, def_id| {
         let hir_id = tcx.local_def_id_to_hir_id(def_id);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/mod.rs
index 4587dcaddc4..6ca1e620704 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/mod.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ pub mod lib_features {
     #[derive(HashStable, TyEncodable, TyDecodable)]
     pub enum FeatureStability {
         AcceptedSince(Symbol),
-        Unstable,
+        Unstable { old_name: Option<Symbol> },
     }
 
     #[derive(HashStable, Debug, Default)]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/stability.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/stability.rs
index 454ab8c107f..ab6a65ed526 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/stability.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/stability.rs
@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
 
         match stability {
             Some(Stability {
-                level: attrs::StabilityLevel::Unstable { reason, issue, is_soft, implied_by },
+                level: attrs::StabilityLevel::Unstable { reason, issue, is_soft, implied_by, .. },
                 feature,
                 ..
             }) => {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/syntax.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/syntax.rs
index bb068f3821d..56f19d7929d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/syntax.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/syntax.rs
@@ -1133,13 +1133,6 @@ pub type AssertMessage<'tcx> = AssertKind<Operand<'tcx>>;
 /// Each local naturally corresponds to the place `Place { local, projection: [] }`. This place has
 /// the address of the local's allocation and the type of the local.
 ///
-/// **Needs clarification:** Unsized locals seem to present a bit of an issue. Their allocation
-/// can't actually be created on `StorageLive`, because it's unclear how big to make the allocation.
-/// Furthermore, MIR produces assignments to unsized locals, although that is not permitted under
-/// `#![feature(unsized_locals)]` in Rust. Besides just putting "unsized locals are special and
-/// different" in a bunch of places, I (JakobDegen) don't know how to incorporate this behavior into
-/// the current MIR semantics in a clean way - possibly this needs some design work first.
-///
 /// For places that are not locals, ie they have a non-empty list of projections, we define the
 /// values as a function of the parent place, that is the place with its last [`ProjectionElem`]
 /// stripped. The way this is computed of course depends on the kind of that last projection
@@ -1531,8 +1524,6 @@ pub enum CastKind {
     ///
     /// MIR is well-formed if the input and output types have different sizes,
     /// but running a transmute between differently-sized types is UB.
-    ///
-    /// Allowed only in [`MirPhase::Runtime`]; Earlier it's a [`TerminatorKind::Call`].
     Transmute,
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/erase.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/erase.rs
index 6035056baaf..7c998761a9d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/erase.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/erase.rs
@@ -389,6 +389,7 @@ tcx_lifetime! {
     rustc_middle::ty::layout::FnAbiError,
     rustc_middle::ty::layout::LayoutError,
     rustc_middle::ty::ParamEnv,
+    rustc_middle::ty::TypingEnv,
     rustc_middle::ty::Predicate,
     rustc_middle::ty::SymbolName,
     rustc_middle::ty::TraitRef,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs
index d03f01bf863..15e8c1ef3cc 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs
@@ -221,6 +221,14 @@ rustc_queries! {
         feedable
     }
 
+    /// Gives access to lints emitted during ast lowering.
+    ///
+    /// This can be conveniently accessed by `tcx.hir_*` methods.
+    /// Avoid calling this query directly.
+    query opt_ast_lowering_delayed_lints(key: hir::OwnerId) -> Option<&'tcx hir::lints::DelayedLints> {
+        desc { |tcx| "getting AST lowering delayed lints in `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(key) }
+    }
+
     /// Returns the *default* of the const pararameter given by `DefId`.
     ///
     /// E.g., given `struct Ty<const N: usize = 3>;` this returns `3` for `N`.
@@ -1115,11 +1123,6 @@ rustc_queries! {
         desc { |tcx| "checking for unstable API usage in {}", describe_as_module(key, tcx) }
     }
 
-    /// Checks the loops in the module.
-    query check_mod_loops(key: LocalModDefId) {
-        desc { |tcx| "checking loops in {}", describe_as_module(key, tcx) }
-    }
-
     query check_mod_privacy(key: LocalModDefId) {
         desc { |tcx| "checking privacy in {}", describe_as_module(key.to_local_def_id(), tcx) }
     }
@@ -1571,7 +1574,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
     /// Like `param_env`, but returns the `ParamEnv` after all opaque types have been
     /// replaced with their hidden type. This is used in the old trait solver
     /// when in `PostAnalysis` mode and should not be called directly.
-    query param_env_normalized_for_post_analysis(def_id: DefId) -> ty::ParamEnv<'tcx> {
+    query typing_env_normalized_for_post_analysis(def_id: DefId) -> ty::TypingEnv<'tcx> {
         desc { |tcx| "computing revealed normalized predicates of `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(def_id) }
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/consts.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/consts.rs
index 455ac660412..2fbaa2221a1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/consts.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/consts.rs
@@ -163,6 +163,10 @@ impl<'tcx> rustc_type_ir::inherent::Const<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for Const<'tcx> {
         Const::new_bound(tcx, debruijn, var)
     }
 
+    fn new_placeholder(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, placeholder: ty::PlaceholderConst) -> Self {
+        Const::new_placeholder(tcx, placeholder)
+    }
+
     fn new_unevaluated(interner: TyCtxt<'tcx>, uv: ty::UnevaluatedConst<'tcx>) -> Self {
         Const::new_unevaluated(interner, uv)
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context.rs
index 0b1e9852d2a..6a47000fc85 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ use rustc_data_structures::sync::{
     self, DynSend, DynSync, FreezeReadGuard, Lock, RwLock, WorkerLocal,
 };
 use rustc_errors::{
-    Applicability, Diag, DiagCtxtHandle, ErrorGuaranteed, LintDiagnostic, MultiSpan,
+    Applicability, Diag, DiagCtxtHandle, ErrorGuaranteed, LintDiagnostic, LintEmitter, MultiSpan,
 };
 use rustc_hir::def::{CtorKind, DefKind};
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{CrateNum, DefId, LOCAL_CRATE, LocalDefId};
@@ -86,6 +86,10 @@ use crate::ty::{
 
 #[allow(rustc::usage_of_ty_tykind)]
 impl<'tcx> Interner for TyCtxt<'tcx> {
+    fn next_trait_solver_globally(self) -> bool {
+        self.next_trait_solver_globally()
+    }
+
     type DefId = DefId;
     type LocalDefId = LocalDefId;
     type Span = Span;
@@ -179,6 +183,17 @@ impl<'tcx> Interner for TyCtxt<'tcx> {
         f(&mut *self.new_solver_evaluation_cache.lock())
     }
 
+    fn canonical_param_env_cache_get_or_insert<R>(
+        self,
+        param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
+        f: impl FnOnce() -> ty::CanonicalParamEnvCacheEntry<Self>,
+        from_entry: impl FnOnce(&ty::CanonicalParamEnvCacheEntry<Self>) -> R,
+    ) -> R {
+        let mut cache = self.new_solver_canonical_param_env_cache.lock();
+        let entry = cache.entry(param_env).or_insert_with(f);
+        from_entry(entry)
+    }
+
     fn evaluation_is_concurrent(&self) -> bool {
         self.sess.threads() > 1
     }
@@ -1335,8 +1350,8 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxtFeed<'tcx, LocalDefId> {
         let bodies = Default::default();
         let attrs = hir::AttributeMap::EMPTY;
 
-        let (opt_hash_including_bodies, _) =
-            self.tcx.hash_owner_nodes(node, &bodies, &attrs.map, attrs.define_opaque);
+        let (opt_hash_including_bodies, _, _) =
+            self.tcx.hash_owner_nodes(node, &bodies, &attrs.map, &[], attrs.define_opaque);
         let node = node.into();
         self.opt_hir_owner_nodes(Some(self.tcx.arena.alloc(hir::OwnerNodes {
             opt_hash_including_bodies,
@@ -1374,6 +1389,18 @@ pub struct TyCtxt<'tcx> {
     gcx: &'tcx GlobalCtxt<'tcx>,
 }
 
+impl<'tcx> LintEmitter for TyCtxt<'tcx> {
+    fn emit_node_span_lint(
+        self,
+        lint: &'static Lint,
+        hir_id: HirId,
+        span: impl Into<MultiSpan>,
+        decorator: impl for<'a> LintDiagnostic<'a, ()>,
+    ) {
+        self.emit_node_span_lint(lint, hir_id, span, decorator);
+    }
+}
+
 // Explicitly implement `DynSync` and `DynSend` for `TyCtxt` to short circuit trait resolution. Its
 // field are asserted to implement these traits below, so this is trivially safe, and it greatly
 // speeds-up compilation of this crate and its dependents.
@@ -1444,6 +1471,8 @@ pub struct GlobalCtxt<'tcx> {
 
     /// Caches the results of goal evaluation in the new solver.
     pub new_solver_evaluation_cache: Lock<search_graph::GlobalCache<TyCtxt<'tcx>>>,
+    pub new_solver_canonical_param_env_cache:
+        Lock<FxHashMap<ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>, ty::CanonicalParamEnvCacheEntry<TyCtxt<'tcx>>>>,
 
     pub canonical_param_env_cache: CanonicalParamEnvCache<'tcx>,
 
@@ -1692,6 +1721,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
             selection_cache: Default::default(),
             evaluation_cache: Default::default(),
             new_solver_evaluation_cache: Default::default(),
+            new_solver_canonical_param_env_cache: Default::default(),
             canonical_param_env_cache: Default::default(),
             data_layout,
             alloc_map: interpret::AllocMap::new(),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/instance.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/instance.rs
index 5ba4e5446e9..68adfb3cdb3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/instance.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/instance.rs
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ pub enum InstanceKind<'tcx> {
     Intrinsic(DefId),
 
     /// `<T as Trait>::method` where `method` receives unsizeable `self: Self` (part of the
-    /// `unsized_locals` feature).
+    /// `unsized_fn_params` feature).
     ///
     /// The generated shim will take `Self` via `*mut Self` - conceptually this is `&owned Self` -
     /// and dereference the argument to call the original function.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/layout.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/layout.rs
index c2ae6b06192..9bce2845680 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/layout.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/layout.rs
@@ -1266,6 +1266,7 @@ pub fn fn_can_unwind(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, fn_def_id: Option<DefId>, abi: ExternAbi)
         | RiscvInterruptS
         | CCmseNonSecureCall
         | CCmseNonSecureEntry
+        | Custom
         | Unadjusted => false,
         Rust | RustCall | RustCold => tcx.sess.panic_strategy() == PanicStrategy::Unwind,
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/mod.rs
index af31f7ed33b..0402d098822 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/mod.rs
@@ -933,7 +933,9 @@ impl Placeholder<BoundVar> {
 
 pub type PlaceholderRegion = Placeholder<BoundRegion>;
 
-impl rustc_type_ir::inherent::PlaceholderLike for PlaceholderRegion {
+impl<'tcx> rustc_type_ir::inherent::PlaceholderLike<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for PlaceholderRegion {
+    type Bound = BoundRegion;
+
     fn universe(self) -> UniverseIndex {
         self.universe
     }
@@ -946,14 +948,20 @@ impl rustc_type_ir::inherent::PlaceholderLike for PlaceholderRegion {
         Placeholder { universe: ui, ..self }
     }
 
-    fn new(ui: UniverseIndex, var: BoundVar) -> Self {
+    fn new(ui: UniverseIndex, bound: BoundRegion) -> Self {
+        Placeholder { universe: ui, bound }
+    }
+
+    fn new_anon(ui: UniverseIndex, var: BoundVar) -> Self {
         Placeholder { universe: ui, bound: BoundRegion { var, kind: BoundRegionKind::Anon } }
     }
 }
 
 pub type PlaceholderType = Placeholder<BoundTy>;
 
-impl rustc_type_ir::inherent::PlaceholderLike for PlaceholderType {
+impl<'tcx> rustc_type_ir::inherent::PlaceholderLike<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for PlaceholderType {
+    type Bound = BoundTy;
+
     fn universe(self) -> UniverseIndex {
         self.universe
     }
@@ -966,7 +974,11 @@ impl rustc_type_ir::inherent::PlaceholderLike for PlaceholderType {
         Placeholder { universe: ui, ..self }
     }
 
-    fn new(ui: UniverseIndex, var: BoundVar) -> Self {
+    fn new(ui: UniverseIndex, bound: BoundTy) -> Self {
+        Placeholder { universe: ui, bound }
+    }
+
+    fn new_anon(ui: UniverseIndex, var: BoundVar) -> Self {
         Placeholder { universe: ui, bound: BoundTy { var, kind: BoundTyKind::Anon } }
     }
 }
@@ -980,7 +992,9 @@ pub struct BoundConst<'tcx> {
 
 pub type PlaceholderConst = Placeholder<BoundVar>;
 
-impl rustc_type_ir::inherent::PlaceholderLike for PlaceholderConst {
+impl<'tcx> rustc_type_ir::inherent::PlaceholderLike<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for PlaceholderConst {
+    type Bound = BoundVar;
+
     fn universe(self) -> UniverseIndex {
         self.universe
     }
@@ -993,7 +1007,11 @@ impl rustc_type_ir::inherent::PlaceholderLike for PlaceholderConst {
         Placeholder { universe: ui, ..self }
     }
 
-    fn new(ui: UniverseIndex, var: BoundVar) -> Self {
+    fn new(ui: UniverseIndex, bound: BoundVar) -> Self {
+        Placeholder { universe: ui, bound }
+    }
+
+    fn new_anon(ui: UniverseIndex, var: BoundVar) -> Self {
         Placeholder { universe: ui, bound: var }
     }
 }
@@ -1116,10 +1134,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypingEnv<'tcx> {
     }
 
     pub fn post_analysis(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, def_id: impl IntoQueryParam<DefId>) -> TypingEnv<'tcx> {
-        TypingEnv {
-            typing_mode: TypingMode::PostAnalysis,
-            param_env: tcx.param_env_normalized_for_post_analysis(def_id),
-        }
+        tcx.typing_env_normalized_for_post_analysis(def_id)
     }
 
     /// Modify the `typing_mode` to `PostAnalysis` and eagerly reveal all
@@ -1133,7 +1148,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypingEnv<'tcx> {
         // No need to reveal opaques with the new solver enabled,
         // since we have lazy norm.
         let param_env = if tcx.next_trait_solver_globally() {
-            ParamEnv::new(param_env.caller_bounds())
+            param_env
         } else {
             ParamEnv::new(tcx.reveal_opaque_types_in_bounds(param_env.caller_bounds()))
         };
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/region.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/region.rs
index 3e4f7a79d53..cc25cd16567 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/region.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/region.rs
@@ -148,6 +148,10 @@ impl<'tcx> rustc_type_ir::inherent::Region<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for Region<'tcx> {
         Region::new_bound(tcx, debruijn, ty::BoundRegion { var, kind: ty::BoundRegionKind::Anon })
     }
 
+    fn new_placeholder(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, placeholder: ty::PlaceholderRegion) -> Self {
+        Region::new_placeholder(tcx, placeholder)
+    }
+
     fn new_static(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> Self {
         tcx.lifetimes.re_static
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/visit.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/visit.rs
index f8042174599..3853a804a92 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/visit.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/visit.rs
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
         {
             type Result = ControlFlow<()>;
 
-            fn visit_binder<T: TypeFoldable<TyCtxt<'tcx>>>(
+            fn visit_binder<T: TypeVisitable<TyCtxt<'tcx>>>(
                 &mut self,
                 t: &Binder<'tcx, T>,
             ) -> Self::Result {
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ impl LateBoundRegionsCollector {
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> TypeVisitor<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for LateBoundRegionsCollector {
-    fn visit_binder<T: TypeFoldable<TyCtxt<'tcx>>>(&mut self, t: &Binder<'tcx, T>) {
+    fn visit_binder<T: TypeVisitable<TyCtxt<'tcx>>>(&mut self, t: &Binder<'tcx, T>) {
         self.current_index.shift_in(1);
         t.super_visit_with(self);
         self.current_index.shift_out(1);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/builder/expr/as_operand.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/builder/expr/as_operand.rs
index 2059610ee47..982e7aa8246 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/builder/expr/as_operand.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/builder/expr/as_operand.rs
@@ -55,9 +55,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Builder<'a, 'tcx> {
     /// local variable of unsized type. For example, consider this program:
     ///
     /// ```
-    /// #![feature(unsized_locals, unsized_fn_params)]
+    /// #![feature(unsized_fn_params)]
     /// # use core::fmt::Debug;
-    /// fn foo(p: dyn Debug) { dbg!(p); }
+    /// fn foo(_p: dyn Debug) { /* ... */ }
     ///
     /// fn bar(box_p: Box<dyn Debug>) { foo(*box_p); }
     /// ```
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Builder<'a, 'tcx> {
     /// will actually provide a pointer to the interior of the box, and not move the `dyn Debug`
     /// value to the stack.
     ///
-    /// See #68304 for more details.
+    /// See <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/68304> for more details.
     pub(crate) fn as_local_call_operand(
         &mut self,
         block: BasicBlock,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coroutine.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coroutine.rs
index d5d0d56f528..06c6b46a9c2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coroutine.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coroutine.rs
@@ -1417,9 +1417,9 @@ fn check_field_tys_sized<'tcx>(
     coroutine_layout: &CoroutineLayout<'tcx>,
     def_id: LocalDefId,
 ) {
-    // No need to check if unsized_locals/unsized_fn_params is disabled,
+    // No need to check if unsized_fn_params is disabled,
     // since we will error during typeck.
-    if !tcx.features().unsized_locals() && !tcx.features().unsized_fn_params() {
+    if !tcx.features().unsized_fn_params() {
         return;
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/early_otherwise_branch.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/early_otherwise_branch.rs
index c7feb9e949b..da88e5c698b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/early_otherwise_branch.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/early_otherwise_branch.rs
@@ -128,28 +128,20 @@ impl<'tcx> crate::MirPass<'tcx> for EarlyOtherwiseBranch {
 
             let mut patch = MirPatch::new(body);
 
-            let (second_discriminant_temp, second_operand) = if opt_data.need_hoist_discriminant {
+            let second_operand = if opt_data.need_hoist_discriminant {
                 // create temp to store second discriminant in, `_s` in example above
                 let second_discriminant_temp =
                     patch.new_temp(opt_data.child_ty, opt_data.child_source.span);
 
-                patch.add_statement(
-                    parent_end,
-                    StatementKind::StorageLive(second_discriminant_temp),
-                );
-
                 // create assignment of discriminant
                 patch.add_assign(
                     parent_end,
                     Place::from(second_discriminant_temp),
                     Rvalue::Discriminant(opt_data.child_place),
                 );
-                (
-                    Some(second_discriminant_temp),
-                    Operand::Move(Place::from(second_discriminant_temp)),
-                )
+                Operand::Move(Place::from(second_discriminant_temp))
             } else {
-                (None, Operand::Copy(opt_data.child_place))
+                Operand::Copy(opt_data.child_place)
             };
 
             // create temp to store inequality comparison between the two discriminants, `_t` in
@@ -157,7 +149,6 @@ impl<'tcx> crate::MirPass<'tcx> for EarlyOtherwiseBranch {
             let nequal = BinOp::Ne;
             let comp_res_type = nequal.ty(tcx, parent_ty, opt_data.child_ty);
             let comp_temp = patch.new_temp(comp_res_type, opt_data.child_source.span);
-            patch.add_statement(parent_end, StatementKind::StorageLive(comp_temp));
 
             // create inequality comparison
             let comp_rvalue =
@@ -200,23 +191,6 @@ impl<'tcx> crate::MirPass<'tcx> for EarlyOtherwiseBranch {
                 TerminatorKind::if_(Operand::Move(Place::from(comp_temp)), true_case, false_case),
             );
 
-            if let Some(second_discriminant_temp) = second_discriminant_temp {
-                // generate StorageDead for the second_discriminant_temp not in use anymore
-                patch.add_statement(
-                    parent_end,
-                    StatementKind::StorageDead(second_discriminant_temp),
-                );
-            }
-
-            // Generate a StorageDead for comp_temp in each of the targets, since we moved it into
-            // the switch
-            for bb in [false_case, true_case].iter() {
-                patch.add_statement(
-                    Location { block: *bb, statement_index: 0 },
-                    StatementKind::StorageDead(comp_temp),
-                );
-            }
-
             patch.apply(body);
         }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/gvn.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/gvn.rs
index 92c30d239b5..bda71ceaa55 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/gvn.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/gvn.rs
@@ -240,8 +240,6 @@ struct VnState<'body, 'tcx> {
     next_opaque: usize,
     /// Cache the deref values.
     derefs: Vec<VnIndex>,
-    /// Cache the value of the `unsized_locals` features, to avoid fetching it repeatedly in a loop.
-    feature_unsized_locals: bool,
     ssa: &'body SsaLocals,
     dominators: Dominators<BasicBlock>,
     reused_locals: DenseBitSet<Local>,
@@ -273,7 +271,6 @@ impl<'body, 'tcx> VnState<'body, 'tcx> {
             evaluated: IndexVec::with_capacity(num_values),
             next_opaque: 1,
             derefs: Vec::new(),
-            feature_unsized_locals: tcx.features().unsized_locals(),
             ssa,
             dominators,
             reused_locals: DenseBitSet::new_empty(local_decls.len()),
@@ -329,13 +326,7 @@ impl<'body, 'tcx> VnState<'body, 'tcx> {
     fn assign(&mut self, local: Local, value: VnIndex) {
         debug_assert!(self.ssa.is_ssa(local));
         self.locals[local] = Some(value);
-
-        // Only register the value if its type is `Sized`, as we will emit copies of it.
-        let is_sized = !self.feature_unsized_locals
-            || self.local_decls[local].ty.is_sized(self.tcx, self.typing_env());
-        if is_sized {
-            self.rev_locals[value].push(local);
-        }
+        self.rev_locals[value].push(local);
     }
 
     fn insert_constant(&mut self, value: Const<'tcx>) -> VnIndex {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/inline/cycle.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/inline/cycle.rs
index 292278800f8..a944960ce4a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/inline/cycle.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/inline/cycle.rs
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ pub(crate) fn mir_callgraph_reachable<'tcx>(
         }
         false
     }
-    // FIXME(-Znext-solver): Remove this hack when trait solver overflow can return an error.
+    // FIXME(-Znext-solver=no): Remove this hack when trait solver overflow can return an error.
     // In code like that pointed out in #128887, the type complexity we ask the solver to deal with
     // grows as we recurse into the call graph. If we use the same recursion limit here and in the
     // solver, the solver hits the limit first and emits a fatal error. But if we use a reduced
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/lower_intrinsics.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/lower_intrinsics.rs
index 52f4c39c09b..fa29ab985b7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/lower_intrinsics.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/lower_intrinsics.rs
@@ -150,12 +150,12 @@ impl<'tcx> crate::MirPass<'tcx> for LowerIntrinsics {
                         });
                         terminator.kind = TerminatorKind::Goto { target };
                     }
-                    sym::size_of | sym::min_align_of => {
+                    sym::size_of | sym::align_of => {
                         let target = target.unwrap();
                         let tp_ty = generic_args.type_at(0);
                         let null_op = match intrinsic.name {
                             sym::size_of => NullOp::SizeOf,
-                            sym::min_align_of => NullOp::AlignOf,
+                            sym::align_of => NullOp::AlignOf,
                             _ => bug!("unexpected intrinsic"),
                         };
                         block.statements.push(Statement {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/validate.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/validate.rs
index fd91508cc11..7dcdd7999f2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/validate.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/validate.rs
@@ -1308,37 +1308,27 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for TypeChecker<'a, 'tcx> {
                         }
                     }
                     CastKind::Transmute => {
-                        if let MirPhase::Runtime(..) = self.body.phase {
-                            // Unlike `mem::transmute`, a MIR `Transmute` is well-formed
-                            // for any two `Sized` types, just potentially UB to run.
-
-                            if !self
-                                .tcx
-                                .normalize_erasing_regions(self.typing_env, op_ty)
-                                .is_sized(self.tcx, self.typing_env)
-                            {
-                                self.fail(
-                                    location,
-                                    format!("Cannot transmute from non-`Sized` type {op_ty}"),
-                                );
-                            }
-                            if !self
-                                .tcx
-                                .normalize_erasing_regions(self.typing_env, *target_type)
-                                .is_sized(self.tcx, self.typing_env)
-                            {
-                                self.fail(
-                                    location,
-                                    format!("Cannot transmute to non-`Sized` type {target_type:?}"),
-                                );
-                            }
-                        } else {
+                        // Unlike `mem::transmute`, a MIR `Transmute` is well-formed
+                        // for any two `Sized` types, just potentially UB to run.
+
+                        if !self
+                            .tcx
+                            .normalize_erasing_regions(self.typing_env, op_ty)
+                            .is_sized(self.tcx, self.typing_env)
+                        {
                             self.fail(
                                 location,
-                                format!(
-                                    "Transmute is not supported in non-runtime phase {:?}.",
-                                    self.body.phase
-                                ),
+                                format!("Cannot transmute from non-`Sized` type {op_ty}"),
+                            );
+                        }
+                        if !self
+                            .tcx
+                            .normalize_erasing_regions(self.typing_env, *target_type)
+                            .is_sized(self.tcx, self.typing_env)
+                        {
+                            self.fail(
+                                location,
+                                format!("Cannot transmute to non-`Sized` type {target_type:?}"),
                             );
                         }
                     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/canonicalizer.rs b/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/canonicalizer.rs
index a87ae5284b1..47ed9e87244 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/canonicalizer.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/canonicalizer.rs
@@ -4,8 +4,9 @@ use rustc_type_ir::data_structures::{HashMap, ensure_sufficient_stack};
 use rustc_type_ir::inherent::*;
 use rustc_type_ir::solve::{Goal, QueryInput};
 use rustc_type_ir::{
-    self as ty, Canonical, CanonicalTyVarKind, CanonicalVarKind, Flags, InferCtxtLike, Interner,
-    TypeFlags, TypeFoldable, TypeFolder, TypeSuperFoldable, TypeVisitableExt,
+    self as ty, Canonical, CanonicalParamEnvCacheEntry, CanonicalTyVarKind, CanonicalVarKind,
+    Flags, InferCtxtLike, Interner, TypeFlags, TypeFoldable, TypeFolder, TypeSuperFoldable,
+    TypeVisitableExt,
 };
 
 use crate::delegate::SolverDelegate;
@@ -100,6 +101,76 @@ impl<'a, D: SolverDelegate<Interner = I>, I: Interner> Canonicalizer<'a, D, I> {
         Canonical { max_universe, variables, value }
     }
 
+    fn canonicalize_param_env(
+        delegate: &'a D,
+        variables: &'a mut Vec<I::GenericArg>,
+        param_env: I::ParamEnv,
+    ) -> (I::ParamEnv, HashMap<I::GenericArg, usize>, Vec<CanonicalVarKind<I>>) {
+        if !param_env.has_type_flags(NEEDS_CANONICAL) {
+            return (param_env, Default::default(), Vec::new());
+        }
+
+        // Check whether we can use the global cache for this param_env. As we only use
+        // the `param_env` itself as the cache key, considering any additional information
+        // durnig its canonicalization would be incorrect. We always canonicalize region
+        // inference variables in a separate universe, so these are fine. However, we do
+        // track the universe of type and const inference variables so these must not be
+        // globally cached. We don't rely on any additional information when canonicalizing
+        // placeholders.
+        if !param_env.has_non_region_infer() {
+            delegate.cx().canonical_param_env_cache_get_or_insert(
+                param_env,
+                || {
+                    let mut variables = Vec::new();
+                    let mut env_canonicalizer = Canonicalizer {
+                        delegate,
+                        canonicalize_mode: CanonicalizeMode::Input { keep_static: true },
+
+                        variables: &mut variables,
+                        variable_lookup_table: Default::default(),
+                        var_kinds: Vec::new(),
+                        binder_index: ty::INNERMOST,
+
+                        cache: Default::default(),
+                    };
+                    let param_env = param_env.fold_with(&mut env_canonicalizer);
+                    debug_assert_eq!(env_canonicalizer.binder_index, ty::INNERMOST);
+                    CanonicalParamEnvCacheEntry {
+                        param_env,
+                        variable_lookup_table: env_canonicalizer.variable_lookup_table,
+                        var_kinds: env_canonicalizer.var_kinds,
+                        variables,
+                    }
+                },
+                |&CanonicalParamEnvCacheEntry {
+                     param_env,
+                     variables: ref cache_variables,
+                     ref variable_lookup_table,
+                     ref var_kinds,
+                 }| {
+                    debug_assert!(variables.is_empty());
+                    variables.extend(cache_variables.iter().copied());
+                    (param_env, variable_lookup_table.clone(), var_kinds.clone())
+                },
+            )
+        } else {
+            let mut env_canonicalizer = Canonicalizer {
+                delegate,
+                canonicalize_mode: CanonicalizeMode::Input { keep_static: true },
+
+                variables,
+                variable_lookup_table: Default::default(),
+                var_kinds: Vec::new(),
+                binder_index: ty::INNERMOST,
+
+                cache: Default::default(),
+            };
+            let param_env = param_env.fold_with(&mut env_canonicalizer);
+            debug_assert_eq!(env_canonicalizer.binder_index, ty::INNERMOST);
+            (param_env, env_canonicalizer.variable_lookup_table, env_canonicalizer.var_kinds)
+        }
+    }
+
     /// When canonicalizing query inputs, we keep `'static` in the `param_env`
     /// but erase it everywhere else. We generally don't want to depend on region
     /// identity, so while it should not matter whether `'static` is kept in the
@@ -114,37 +185,17 @@ impl<'a, D: SolverDelegate<Interner = I>, I: Interner> Canonicalizer<'a, D, I> {
         input: QueryInput<I, P>,
     ) -> ty::Canonical<I, QueryInput<I, P>> {
         // First canonicalize the `param_env` while keeping `'static`
-        let mut env_canonicalizer = Canonicalizer {
-            delegate,
-            canonicalize_mode: CanonicalizeMode::Input { keep_static: true },
-
-            variables,
-            variable_lookup_table: Default::default(),
-            var_kinds: Vec::new(),
-            binder_index: ty::INNERMOST,
-
-            cache: Default::default(),
-        };
-
-        let param_env = input.goal.param_env;
-        let param_env = if param_env.has_type_flags(NEEDS_CANONICAL) {
-            param_env.fold_with(&mut env_canonicalizer)
-        } else {
-            param_env
-        };
-
-        debug_assert_eq!(env_canonicalizer.binder_index, ty::INNERMOST);
+        let (param_env, variable_lookup_table, var_kinds) =
+            Canonicalizer::canonicalize_param_env(delegate, variables, input.goal.param_env);
         // Then canonicalize the rest of the input without keeping `'static`
         // while *mostly* reusing the canonicalizer from above.
         let mut rest_canonicalizer = Canonicalizer {
             delegate,
             canonicalize_mode: CanonicalizeMode::Input { keep_static: false },
 
-            variables: env_canonicalizer.variables,
-            // We're able to reuse the `variable_lookup_table` as whether or not
-            // it already contains an entry for `'static` does not matter.
-            variable_lookup_table: env_canonicalizer.variable_lookup_table,
-            var_kinds: env_canonicalizer.var_kinds,
+            variables,
+            variable_lookup_table,
+            var_kinds,
             binder_index: ty::INNERMOST,
 
             // We do not reuse the cache as it may contain entries whose canonicalized
@@ -384,13 +435,13 @@ impl<'a, D: SolverDelegate<Interner = I>, I: Interner> Canonicalizer<'a, D, I> {
             },
             ty::Placeholder(placeholder) => match self.canonicalize_mode {
                 CanonicalizeMode::Input { .. } => CanonicalVarKind::PlaceholderTy(
-                    PlaceholderLike::new(placeholder.universe(), self.variables.len().into()),
+                    PlaceholderLike::new_anon(placeholder.universe(), self.variables.len().into()),
                 ),
                 CanonicalizeMode::Response { .. } => CanonicalVarKind::PlaceholderTy(placeholder),
             },
             ty::Param(_) => match self.canonicalize_mode {
                 CanonicalizeMode::Input { .. } => CanonicalVarKind::PlaceholderTy(
-                    PlaceholderLike::new(ty::UniverseIndex::ROOT, self.variables.len().into()),
+                    PlaceholderLike::new_anon(ty::UniverseIndex::ROOT, self.variables.len().into()),
                 ),
                 CanonicalizeMode::Response { .. } => panic!("param ty in response: {t:?}"),
             },
@@ -543,7 +594,7 @@ impl<D: SolverDelegate<Interner = I>, I: Interner> TypeFolder<I> for Canonicaliz
             },
             ty::ConstKind::Placeholder(placeholder) => match self.canonicalize_mode {
                 CanonicalizeMode::Input { .. } => CanonicalVarKind::PlaceholderConst(
-                    PlaceholderLike::new(placeholder.universe(), self.variables.len().into()),
+                    PlaceholderLike::new_anon(placeholder.universe(), self.variables.len().into()),
                 ),
                 CanonicalizeMode::Response { .. } => {
                     CanonicalVarKind::PlaceholderConst(placeholder)
@@ -551,7 +602,7 @@ impl<D: SolverDelegate<Interner = I>, I: Interner> TypeFolder<I> for Canonicaliz
             },
             ty::ConstKind::Param(_) => match self.canonicalize_mode {
                 CanonicalizeMode::Input { .. } => CanonicalVarKind::PlaceholderConst(
-                    PlaceholderLike::new(ty::UniverseIndex::ROOT, self.variables.len().into()),
+                    PlaceholderLike::new_anon(ty::UniverseIndex::ROOT, self.variables.len().into()),
                 ),
                 CanonicalizeMode::Response { .. } => panic!("param ty in response: {c:?}"),
             },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/lib.rs
index 92cdc28a37b..77f098e6f26 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/lib.rs
@@ -12,5 +12,6 @@
 pub mod canonicalizer;
 pub mod coherence;
 pub mod delegate;
+pub mod placeholder;
 pub mod resolve;
 pub mod solve;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/placeholder.rs b/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/placeholder.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c88fb8defae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/placeholder.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+use core::panic;
+
+use rustc_type_ir::data_structures::IndexMap;
+use rustc_type_ir::inherent::*;
+use rustc_type_ir::{
+    self as ty, InferCtxtLike, Interner, TypeFoldable, TypeFolder, TypeSuperFoldable,
+    TypeVisitableExt,
+};
+
+pub struct BoundVarReplacer<'a, Infcx, I = <Infcx as InferCtxtLike>::Interner>
+where
+    Infcx: InferCtxtLike<Interner = I>,
+    I: Interner,
+{
+    infcx: &'a Infcx,
+    // These three maps track the bound variable that were replaced by placeholders. It might be
+    // nice to remove these since we already have the `kind` in the placeholder; we really just need
+    // the `var` (but we *could* bring that into scope if we were to track them as we pass them).
+    mapped_regions: IndexMap<I::PlaceholderRegion, I::BoundRegion>,
+    mapped_types: IndexMap<I::PlaceholderTy, I::BoundTy>,
+    mapped_consts: IndexMap<I::PlaceholderConst, I::BoundConst>,
+    // The current depth relative to *this* folding, *not* the entire normalization. In other words,
+    // the depth of binders we've passed here.
+    current_index: ty::DebruijnIndex,
+    // The `UniverseIndex` of the binding levels above us. These are optional, since we are lazy:
+    // we don't actually create a universe until we see a bound var we have to replace.
+    universe_indices: &'a mut Vec<Option<ty::UniverseIndex>>,
+}
+
+impl<'a, Infcx, I> BoundVarReplacer<'a, Infcx, I>
+where
+    Infcx: InferCtxtLike<Interner = I>,
+    I: Interner,
+{
+    /// Returns `Some` if we *were* able to replace bound vars. If there are any bound vars that
+    /// use a binding level above `universe_indices.len()`, we fail.
+    pub fn replace_bound_vars<T: TypeFoldable<I>>(
+        infcx: &'a Infcx,
+        universe_indices: &'a mut Vec<Option<ty::UniverseIndex>>,
+        value: T,
+    ) -> (
+        T,
+        IndexMap<I::PlaceholderRegion, I::BoundRegion>,
+        IndexMap<I::PlaceholderTy, I::BoundTy>,
+        IndexMap<I::PlaceholderConst, I::BoundConst>,
+    ) {
+        let mut replacer = BoundVarReplacer {
+            infcx,
+            mapped_regions: Default::default(),
+            mapped_types: Default::default(),
+            mapped_consts: Default::default(),
+            current_index: ty::INNERMOST,
+            universe_indices,
+        };
+
+        let value = value.fold_with(&mut replacer);
+
+        (value, replacer.mapped_regions, replacer.mapped_types, replacer.mapped_consts)
+    }
+
+    fn universe_for(&mut self, debruijn: ty::DebruijnIndex) -> ty::UniverseIndex {
+        let infcx = self.infcx;
+        let index =
+            self.universe_indices.len() + self.current_index.as_usize() - debruijn.as_usize() - 1;
+        let universe = self.universe_indices[index].unwrap_or_else(|| {
+            for i in self.universe_indices.iter_mut().take(index + 1) {
+                *i = i.or_else(|| Some(infcx.create_next_universe()))
+            }
+            self.universe_indices[index].unwrap()
+        });
+        universe
+    }
+}
+
+impl<Infcx, I> TypeFolder<I> for BoundVarReplacer<'_, Infcx, I>
+where
+    Infcx: InferCtxtLike<Interner = I>,
+    I: Interner,
+{
+    fn cx(&self) -> I {
+        self.infcx.cx()
+    }
+
+    fn fold_binder<T: TypeFoldable<I>>(&mut self, t: ty::Binder<I, T>) -> ty::Binder<I, T> {
+        self.current_index.shift_in(1);
+        let t = t.super_fold_with(self);
+        self.current_index.shift_out(1);
+        t
+    }
+
+    fn fold_region(&mut self, r: I::Region) -> I::Region {
+        match r.kind() {
+            ty::ReBound(debruijn, _)
+                if debruijn.as_usize()
+                    >= self.current_index.as_usize() + self.universe_indices.len() =>
+            {
+                panic!(
+                    "Bound vars {r:#?} outside of `self.universe_indices`: {:#?}",
+                    self.universe_indices
+                );
+            }
+            ty::ReBound(debruijn, br) if debruijn >= self.current_index => {
+                let universe = self.universe_for(debruijn);
+                let p = PlaceholderLike::new(universe, br);
+                self.mapped_regions.insert(p, br);
+                Region::new_placeholder(self.cx(), p)
+            }
+            _ => r,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn fold_ty(&mut self, t: I::Ty) -> I::Ty {
+        match t.kind() {
+            ty::Bound(debruijn, _)
+                if debruijn.as_usize() + 1
+                    > self.current_index.as_usize() + self.universe_indices.len() =>
+            {
+                panic!(
+                    "Bound vars {t:#?} outside of `self.universe_indices`: {:#?}",
+                    self.universe_indices
+                );
+            }
+            ty::Bound(debruijn, bound_ty) if debruijn >= self.current_index => {
+                let universe = self.universe_for(debruijn);
+                let p = PlaceholderLike::new(universe, bound_ty);
+                self.mapped_types.insert(p, bound_ty);
+                Ty::new_placeholder(self.cx(), p)
+            }
+            _ if t.has_vars_bound_at_or_above(self.current_index) => t.super_fold_with(self),
+            _ => t,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn fold_const(&mut self, ct: I::Const) -> I::Const {
+        match ct.kind() {
+            ty::ConstKind::Bound(debruijn, _)
+                if debruijn.as_usize() + 1
+                    > self.current_index.as_usize() + self.universe_indices.len() =>
+            {
+                panic!(
+                    "Bound vars {ct:#?} outside of `self.universe_indices`: {:#?}",
+                    self.universe_indices
+                );
+            }
+            ty::ConstKind::Bound(debruijn, bound_const) if debruijn >= self.current_index => {
+                let universe = self.universe_for(debruijn);
+                let p = PlaceholderLike::new(universe, bound_const);
+                self.mapped_consts.insert(p, bound_const);
+                Const::new_placeholder(self.cx(), p)
+            }
+            _ => ct.super_fold_with(self),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn fold_predicate(&mut self, p: I::Predicate) -> I::Predicate {
+        if p.has_vars_bound_at_or_above(self.current_index) { p.super_fold_with(self) } else { p }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/assembly/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/assembly/mod.rs
index 542e212e1bf..0c267feefbe 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/assembly/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/assembly/mod.rs
@@ -1014,7 +1014,11 @@ where
             return Ok(CandidateSource::ParamEnv(ParamEnvSource::NonGlobal));
         }
 
-        match assumption.visit_with(&mut FindParamInClause { ecx: self, param_env }) {
+        match assumption.visit_with(&mut FindParamInClause {
+            ecx: self,
+            param_env,
+            universes: vec![],
+        }) {
             ControlFlow::Break(Err(NoSolution)) => Err(NoSolution),
             ControlFlow::Break(Ok(())) => Ok(CandidateSource::ParamEnv(ParamEnvSource::NonGlobal)),
             ControlFlow::Continue(()) => Ok(CandidateSource::ParamEnv(ParamEnvSource::Global)),
@@ -1025,6 +1029,7 @@ where
 struct FindParamInClause<'a, 'b, D: SolverDelegate<Interner = I>, I: Interner> {
     ecx: &'a mut EvalCtxt<'b, D>,
     param_env: I::ParamEnv,
+    universes: Vec<Option<ty::UniverseIndex>>,
 }
 
 impl<D, I> TypeVisitor<I> for FindParamInClause<'_, '_, D, I>
@@ -1034,31 +1039,42 @@ where
 {
     type Result = ControlFlow<Result<(), NoSolution>>;
 
-    fn visit_binder<T: TypeFoldable<I>>(&mut self, t: &ty::Binder<I, T>) -> Self::Result {
-        self.ecx.enter_forall(t.clone(), |ecx, v| {
-            v.visit_with(&mut FindParamInClause { ecx, param_env: self.param_env })
-        })
+    fn visit_binder<T: TypeVisitable<I>>(&mut self, t: &ty::Binder<I, T>) -> Self::Result {
+        self.universes.push(None);
+        t.super_visit_with(self)?;
+        self.universes.pop();
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
     }
 
     fn visit_ty(&mut self, ty: I::Ty) -> Self::Result {
+        let ty = self.ecx.replace_bound_vars(ty, &mut self.universes);
         let Ok(ty) = self.ecx.structurally_normalize_ty(self.param_env, ty) else {
             return ControlFlow::Break(Err(NoSolution));
         };
 
-        if let ty::Placeholder(_) = ty.kind() {
-            ControlFlow::Break(Ok(()))
+        if let ty::Placeholder(p) = ty.kind() {
+            if p.universe() == ty::UniverseIndex::ROOT {
+                ControlFlow::Break(Ok(()))
+            } else {
+                ControlFlow::Continue(())
+            }
         } else {
             ty.super_visit_with(self)
         }
     }
 
     fn visit_const(&mut self, ct: I::Const) -> Self::Result {
+        let ct = self.ecx.replace_bound_vars(ct, &mut self.universes);
         let Ok(ct) = self.ecx.structurally_normalize_const(self.param_env, ct) else {
             return ControlFlow::Break(Err(NoSolution));
         };
 
-        if let ty::ConstKind::Placeholder(_) = ct.kind() {
-            ControlFlow::Break(Ok(()))
+        if let ty::ConstKind::Placeholder(p) = ct.kind() {
+            if p.universe() == ty::UniverseIndex::ROOT {
+                ControlFlow::Break(Ok(()))
+            } else {
+                ControlFlow::Continue(())
+            }
         } else {
             ct.super_visit_with(self)
         }
@@ -1066,10 +1082,17 @@ where
 
     fn visit_region(&mut self, r: I::Region) -> Self::Result {
         match self.ecx.eager_resolve_region(r).kind() {
-            ty::ReStatic | ty::ReError(_) => ControlFlow::Continue(()),
-            ty::ReVar(_) | ty::RePlaceholder(_) => ControlFlow::Break(Ok(())),
-            ty::ReErased | ty::ReEarlyParam(_) | ty::ReLateParam(_) | ty::ReBound(..) => {
-                unreachable!()
+            ty::ReStatic | ty::ReError(_) | ty::ReBound(..) => ControlFlow::Continue(()),
+            ty::RePlaceholder(p) => {
+                if p.universe() == ty::UniverseIndex::ROOT {
+                    ControlFlow::Break(Ok(()))
+                } else {
+                    ControlFlow::Continue(())
+                }
+            }
+            ty::ReVar(_) => ControlFlow::Break(Ok(())),
+            ty::ReErased | ty::ReEarlyParam(_) | ty::ReLateParam(_) => {
+                unreachable!("unexpected region in param-env clause")
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/eval_ctxt/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/eval_ctxt/mod.rs
index 345ece20b7e..7ead0a6d6b7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/eval_ctxt/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/eval_ctxt/mod.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ use tracing::{debug, instrument, trace};
 use super::has_only_region_constraints;
 use crate::coherence;
 use crate::delegate::SolverDelegate;
+use crate::placeholder::BoundVarReplacer;
 use crate::solve::inspect::{self, ProofTreeBuilder};
 use crate::solve::search_graph::SearchGraph;
 use crate::solve::{
@@ -1232,6 +1233,14 @@ where
     ) -> Result<Certainty, NoSolution> {
         self.delegate.is_transmutable(dst, src, assume)
     }
+
+    pub(super) fn replace_bound_vars<T: TypeFoldable<I>>(
+        &self,
+        t: T,
+        universes: &mut Vec<Option<ty::UniverseIndex>>,
+    ) -> T {
+        BoundVarReplacer::replace_bound_vars(&**self.delegate, universes, t).0
+    }
 }
 
 /// Eagerly replace aliases with inference variables, emitting `AliasRelate`
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/mod.rs
index a7a984181d7..e4e0aba7b50 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/mod.rs
@@ -237,8 +237,8 @@ where
             return None;
         }
 
-        // FIXME(-Znext-solver): We should instead try to find a `Certainty::Yes` response with
-        // a subset of the constraints that all the other responses have.
+        // FIXME(-Znext-solver): Add support to merge region constraints in
+        // responses to deal with trait-system-refactor-initiative#27.
         let one = responses[0];
         if responses[1..].iter().all(|&resp| resp == one) {
             return Some(one);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/normalizes_to/inherent.rs b/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/normalizes_to/inherent.rs
index 2640238f5a9..26443c54e18 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/normalizes_to/inherent.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/normalizes_to/inherent.rs
@@ -41,6 +41,9 @@ where
         // and we tag the impl bounds with `GoalSource::ImplWhereBound`?
         // Right now this includes both the impl and the assoc item where bounds,
         // and I don't think the assoc item where-bounds are allowed to be coinductive.
+        //
+        // Projecting to the IAT also "steps out the impl contructor", so we would have
+        // to be very careful when changing the impl where-clauses to be productive.
         self.add_goals(
             GoalSource::Misc,
             cx.predicates_of(inherent.def_id)
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/trait_goals.rs b/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/trait_goals.rs
index 7c4e1dc2c12..110c67a8e21 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/trait_goals.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/trait_goals.rs
@@ -235,7 +235,11 @@ where
                 .predicates_of(goal.predicate.def_id())
                 .iter_instantiated(cx, goal.predicate.trait_ref.args)
                 .map(|p| goal.with(cx, p));
-            // FIXME(-Znext-solver=coinductive): Should this be `GoalSource::ImplWhereBound`?
+            // While you could think of trait aliases to have a single builtin impl
+            // which uses its implied trait bounds as where-clauses, using
+            // `GoalSource::ImplWhereClause` here would be incorrect, as we also
+            // impl them, which means we're "stepping out of the impl constructor"
+            // again. To handle this, we treat these cycles as ambiguous for now.
             ecx.add_goals(GoalSource::Misc, nested_obligations);
             ecx.evaluate_added_goals_and_make_canonical_response(Certainty::Yes)
         })
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_parse/messages.ftl
index 1f221b4bf78..f6e0b08b140 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/messages.ftl
@@ -299,10 +299,12 @@ parse_float_literal_unsupported_base = {$base} float literal is not supported
 parse_fn_pointer_cannot_be_async = an `fn` pointer type cannot be `async`
     .label = `async` because of this
     .suggestion = remove the `async` qualifier
+    .note = allowed qualifiers are: `unsafe` and `extern`
 
 parse_fn_pointer_cannot_be_const = an `fn` pointer type cannot be `const`
     .label = `const` because of this
     .suggestion = remove the `const` qualifier
+    .note = allowed qualifiers are: `unsafe` and `extern`
 
 parse_fn_ptr_with_generics = function pointer types may not have generic parameters
     .suggestion = consider moving the lifetime {$arity ->
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/errors.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/errors.rs
index 2dba568a258..0f0c5434800 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/errors.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/errors.rs
@@ -2938,22 +2938,22 @@ pub(crate) struct DynAfterMut {
 
 #[derive(Diagnostic)]
 #[diag(parse_fn_pointer_cannot_be_const)]
+#[note]
 pub(crate) struct FnPointerCannotBeConst {
     #[primary_span]
-    pub span: Span,
     #[label]
-    pub qualifier: Span,
+    pub span: Span,
     #[suggestion(code = "", applicability = "maybe-incorrect", style = "verbose")]
     pub suggestion: Span,
 }
 
 #[derive(Diagnostic)]
 #[diag(parse_fn_pointer_cannot_be_async)]
+#[note]
 pub(crate) struct FnPointerCannotBeAsync {
     #[primary_span]
-    pub span: Span,
     #[label]
-    pub qualifier: Span,
+    pub span: Span,
     #[suggestion(code = "", applicability = "maybe-incorrect", style = "verbose")]
     pub suggestion: Span,
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/expr.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/expr.rs
index a298c4d4dec..93489aa8ee9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/expr.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/expr.rs
@@ -1520,22 +1520,20 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                 Ok(this.mk_expr(this.prev_token.span, ExprKind::Underscore))
             } else if this.token_uninterpolated_span().at_least_rust_2018() {
                 // `Span::at_least_rust_2018()` is somewhat expensive; don't get it repeatedly.
+                let at_async = this.check_keyword(exp!(Async));
+                // check for `gen {}` and `gen move {}`
+                // or `async gen {}` and `async gen move {}`
+                // FIXME: (async) gen closures aren't yet parsed.
+                // FIXME(gen_blocks): Parse `gen async` and suggest swap
                 if this.token_uninterpolated_span().at_least_rust_2024()
-                    // check for `gen {}` and `gen move {}`
-                    // or `async gen {}` and `async gen move {}`
-                    && (this.is_gen_block(kw::Gen, 0)
-                        || (this.check_keyword(exp!(Async)) && this.is_gen_block(kw::Gen, 1)))
+                    && this.is_gen_block(kw::Gen, at_async as usize)
                 {
-                    // FIXME: (async) gen closures aren't yet parsed.
                     this.parse_gen_block()
-                } else if this.check_keyword(exp!(Async)) {
-                    // FIXME(gen_blocks): Parse `gen async` and suggest swap
-                    if this.is_gen_block(kw::Async, 0) {
-                        // Check for `async {` and `async move {`,
-                        this.parse_gen_block()
-                    } else {
-                        this.parse_expr_closure()
-                    }
+                // Check for `async {` and `async move {`,
+                } else if this.is_gen_block(kw::Async, 0) {
+                    this.parse_gen_block()
+                } else if at_async {
+                    this.parse_expr_closure()
                 } else if this.eat_keyword_noexpect(kw::Await) {
                     this.recover_incorrect_await_syntax(lo)
                 } else {
@@ -2407,6 +2405,14 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             None
         };
 
+        if let ClosureBinder::NotPresent = binder
+            && coroutine_kind.is_some()
+        {
+            // coroutine closures and generators can have the same qualifiers, so we might end up
+            // in here if there is a missing `|` but also no `{`. Adjust the expectations in that case.
+            self.expected_token_types.insert(TokenType::OpenBrace);
+        }
+
         let capture_clause = self.parse_capture_clause()?;
         let (fn_decl, fn_arg_span) = self.parse_fn_block_decl()?;
         let decl_hi = self.prev_token.span;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/item.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/item.rs
index a325c2a57ab..658ed4bd41c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/item.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/item.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ use super::{
     AttrWrapper, ExpKeywordPair, ExpTokenPair, FollowedByType, ForceCollect, Parser, PathStyle,
     Recovered, Trailing, UsePreAttrPos,
 };
-use crate::errors::{self, MacroExpandsToAdtField};
+use crate::errors::{self, FnPointerCannotBeAsync, FnPointerCannotBeConst, MacroExpandsToAdtField};
 use crate::{exp, fluent_generated as fluent};
 
 impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
@@ -2402,7 +2402,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         case: Case,
     ) -> PResult<'a, (Ident, FnSig, Generics, Option<P<FnContract>>, Option<P<Block>>)> {
         let fn_span = self.token.span;
-        let header = self.parse_fn_front_matter(vis, case)?; // `const ... fn`
+        let header = self.parse_fn_front_matter(vis, case, FrontMatterParsingMode::Function)?; // `const ... fn`
         let ident = self.parse_ident()?; // `foo`
         let mut generics = self.parse_generics()?; // `<'a, T, ...>`
         let decl = match self.parse_fn_decl(
@@ -2658,16 +2658,37 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
     ///
     /// `vis` represents the visibility that was already parsed, if any. Use
     /// `Visibility::Inherited` when no visibility is known.
+    ///
+    /// If `parsing_mode` is `FrontMatterParsingMode::FunctionPtrType`, we error on `const` and `async` qualifiers,
+    /// which are not allowed in function pointer types.
     pub(super) fn parse_fn_front_matter(
         &mut self,
         orig_vis: &Visibility,
         case: Case,
+        parsing_mode: FrontMatterParsingMode,
     ) -> PResult<'a, FnHeader> {
         let sp_start = self.token.span;
         let constness = self.parse_constness(case);
+        if parsing_mode == FrontMatterParsingMode::FunctionPtrType
+            && let Const::Yes(const_span) = constness
+        {
+            self.dcx().emit_err(FnPointerCannotBeConst {
+                span: const_span,
+                suggestion: const_span.until(self.token.span),
+            });
+        }
 
         let async_start_sp = self.token.span;
         let coroutine_kind = self.parse_coroutine_kind(case);
+        if parsing_mode == FrontMatterParsingMode::FunctionPtrType
+            && let Some(ast::CoroutineKind::Async { span: async_span, .. }) = coroutine_kind
+        {
+            self.dcx().emit_err(FnPointerCannotBeAsync {
+                span: async_span,
+                suggestion: async_span.until(self.token.span),
+            });
+        }
+        // FIXME(gen_blocks): emit a similar error for `gen fn()`
 
         let unsafe_start_sp = self.token.span;
         let safety = self.parse_safety(case);
@@ -2703,6 +2724,11 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                     enum WrongKw {
                         Duplicated(Span),
                         Misplaced(Span),
+                        /// `MisplacedDisallowedQualifier` is only used instead of `Misplaced`,
+                        /// when the misplaced keyword is disallowed by the current `FrontMatterParsingMode`.
+                        /// In this case, we avoid generating the suggestion to swap around the keywords,
+                        /// as we already generated a suggestion to remove the keyword earlier.
+                        MisplacedDisallowedQualifier,
                     }
 
                     // We may be able to recover
@@ -2716,7 +2742,21 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                             Const::Yes(sp) => Some(WrongKw::Duplicated(sp)),
                             Const::No => {
                                 recover_constness = Const::Yes(self.token.span);
-                                Some(WrongKw::Misplaced(async_start_sp))
+                                match parsing_mode {
+                                    FrontMatterParsingMode::Function => {
+                                        Some(WrongKw::Misplaced(async_start_sp))
+                                    }
+                                    FrontMatterParsingMode::FunctionPtrType => {
+                                        self.dcx().emit_err(FnPointerCannotBeConst {
+                                            span: self.token.span,
+                                            suggestion: self
+                                                .token
+                                                .span
+                                                .with_lo(self.prev_token.span.hi()),
+                                        });
+                                        Some(WrongKw::MisplacedDisallowedQualifier)
+                                    }
+                                }
                             }
                         }
                     } else if self.check_keyword(exp!(Async)) {
@@ -2742,7 +2782,21 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                                     closure_id: DUMMY_NODE_ID,
                                     return_impl_trait_id: DUMMY_NODE_ID,
                                 });
-                                Some(WrongKw::Misplaced(unsafe_start_sp))
+                                match parsing_mode {
+                                    FrontMatterParsingMode::Function => {
+                                        Some(WrongKw::Misplaced(async_start_sp))
+                                    }
+                                    FrontMatterParsingMode::FunctionPtrType => {
+                                        self.dcx().emit_err(FnPointerCannotBeAsync {
+                                            span: self.token.span,
+                                            suggestion: self
+                                                .token
+                                                .span
+                                                .with_lo(self.prev_token.span.hi()),
+                                        });
+                                        Some(WrongKw::MisplacedDisallowedQualifier)
+                                    }
+                                }
                             }
                         }
                     } else if self.check_keyword(exp!(Unsafe)) {
@@ -2840,14 +2894,20 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
 
                     // FIXME(gen_blocks): add keyword recovery logic for genness
 
-                    if wrong_kw.is_some()
+                    if let Some(wrong_kw) = wrong_kw
                         && self.may_recover()
                         && self.look_ahead(1, |tok| tok.is_keyword_case(kw::Fn, case))
                     {
                         // Advance past the misplaced keyword and `fn`
                         self.bump();
                         self.bump();
-                        err.emit();
+                        // When we recover from a `MisplacedDisallowedQualifier`, we already emitted an error for the disallowed qualifier
+                        // So we don't emit another error that the qualifier is unexpected.
+                        if matches!(wrong_kw, WrongKw::MisplacedDisallowedQualifier) {
+                            err.cancel();
+                        } else {
+                            err.emit();
+                        }
                         return Ok(FnHeader {
                             constness: recover_constness,
                             safety: recover_safety,
@@ -3194,3 +3254,12 @@ enum IsMacroRulesItem {
     Yes { has_bang: bool },
     No,
 }
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub(super) enum FrontMatterParsingMode {
+    /// Parse the front matter of a function declaration
+    Function,
+    /// Parse the front matter of a function pointet type.
+    /// For function pointer types, the `const` and `async` keywords are not permitted.
+    FunctionPtrType,
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/ty.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/ty.rs
index 9ddfc179e9b..620a34044d1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/ty.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/ty.rs
@@ -15,10 +15,11 @@ use thin_vec::{ThinVec, thin_vec};
 use super::{Parser, PathStyle, SeqSep, TokenType, Trailing};
 use crate::errors::{
     self, DynAfterMut, ExpectedFnPathFoundFnKeyword, ExpectedMutOrConstInRawPointerType,
-    FnPointerCannotBeAsync, FnPointerCannotBeConst, FnPtrWithGenerics, FnPtrWithGenericsSugg,
-    HelpUseLatestEdition, InvalidDynKeyword, LifetimeAfterMut, NeedPlusAfterTraitObjectLifetime,
-    NestedCVariadicType, ReturnTypesUseThinArrow,
+    FnPtrWithGenerics, FnPtrWithGenericsSugg, HelpUseLatestEdition, InvalidDynKeyword,
+    LifetimeAfterMut, NeedPlusAfterTraitObjectLifetime, NestedCVariadicType,
+    ReturnTypesUseThinArrow,
 };
+use crate::parser::item::FrontMatterParsingMode;
 use crate::{exp, maybe_recover_from_interpolated_ty_qpath};
 
 /// Signals whether parsing a type should allow `+`.
@@ -669,62 +670,16 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             tokens: None,
         };
         let span_start = self.token.span;
-        let ast::FnHeader { ext, safety, constness, coroutine_kind } =
-            self.parse_fn_front_matter(&inherited_vis, Case::Sensitive)?;
-        let fn_start_lo = self.prev_token.span.lo();
+        let ast::FnHeader { ext, safety, .. } = self.parse_fn_front_matter(
+            &inherited_vis,
+            Case::Sensitive,
+            FrontMatterParsingMode::FunctionPtrType,
+        )?;
         if self.may_recover() && self.token == TokenKind::Lt {
             self.recover_fn_ptr_with_generics(lo, &mut params, param_insertion_point)?;
         }
         let decl = self.parse_fn_decl(|_| false, AllowPlus::No, recover_return_sign)?;
-        let whole_span = lo.to(self.prev_token.span);
-
-        // Order/parsing of "front matter" follows:
-        // `<constness> <coroutine_kind> <safety> <extern> fn()`
-        //  ^           ^                ^        ^        ^
-        //  |           |                |        |        fn_start_lo
-        //  |           |                |        ext_sp.lo
-        //  |           |                safety_sp.lo
-        //  |           coroutine_sp.lo
-        //  const_sp.lo
-        if let ast::Const::Yes(const_span) = constness {
-            let next_token_lo = if let Some(
-                ast::CoroutineKind::Async { span, .. }
-                | ast::CoroutineKind::Gen { span, .. }
-                | ast::CoroutineKind::AsyncGen { span, .. },
-            ) = coroutine_kind
-            {
-                span.lo()
-            } else if let ast::Safety::Unsafe(span) | ast::Safety::Safe(span) = safety {
-                span.lo()
-            } else if let ast::Extern::Implicit(span) | ast::Extern::Explicit(_, span) = ext {
-                span.lo()
-            } else {
-                fn_start_lo
-            };
-            let sugg_span = const_span.with_hi(next_token_lo);
-            self.dcx().emit_err(FnPointerCannotBeConst {
-                span: whole_span,
-                qualifier: const_span,
-                suggestion: sugg_span,
-            });
-        }
-        if let Some(ast::CoroutineKind::Async { span: async_span, .. }) = coroutine_kind {
-            let next_token_lo = if let ast::Safety::Unsafe(span) | ast::Safety::Safe(span) = safety
-            {
-                span.lo()
-            } else if let ast::Extern::Implicit(span) | ast::Extern::Explicit(_, span) = ext {
-                span.lo()
-            } else {
-                fn_start_lo
-            };
-            let sugg_span = async_span.with_hi(next_token_lo);
-            self.dcx().emit_err(FnPointerCannotBeAsync {
-                span: whole_span,
-                qualifier: async_span,
-                suggestion: sugg_span,
-            });
-        }
-        // FIXME(gen_blocks): emit a similar error for `gen fn()`
+
         let decl_span = span_start.to(self.prev_token.span);
         Ok(TyKind::BareFn(P(BareFnTy { ext, safety, generic_params: params, decl, decl_span })))
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/validate_attr.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/validate_attr.rs
index 378cbb84637..555ab3cdb2b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/validate_attr.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/validate_attr.rs
@@ -180,9 +180,14 @@ pub fn check_attribute_safety(
             let diag_span = attr_item.span();
 
             // Attributes can be safe in earlier editions, and become unsafe in later ones.
+            //
+            // Use the span of the attribute's name to determine the edition: the span of the
+            // attribute as a whole may be inaccurate if it was emitted by a macro.
+            //
+            // See https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/142182.
             let emit_error = match unsafe_since {
                 None => true,
-                Some(unsafe_since) => attr.span.edition() >= unsafe_since,
+                Some(unsafe_since) => path_span.edition() >= unsafe_since,
             };
 
             if emit_error {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse_format/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse_format/src/lib.rs
index 9dd064aca66..42bd0f5d847 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse_format/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse_format/src/lib.rs
@@ -29,58 +29,45 @@ pub enum ParseMode {
     Format,
     /// An inline assembly template string for `asm!`.
     InlineAsm,
+    /// A format string for use in diagnostic attributes.
+    ///
+    /// Similar to `format_args!`, however only named ("captured") arguments
+    /// are allowed, and no format modifiers are permitted.
+    Diagnostic,
 }
 
 /// A piece is a portion of the format string which represents the next part
 /// to emit. These are emitted as a stream by the `Parser` class.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
-pub enum Piece<'a> {
+pub enum Piece<'input> {
     /// A literal string which should directly be emitted
-    Lit(&'a str),
+    Lit(&'input str),
     /// This describes that formatting should process the next argument (as
     /// specified inside) for emission.
-    NextArgument(Box<Argument<'a>>),
+    NextArgument(Box<Argument<'input>>),
 }
 
 /// Representation of an argument specification.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
-pub struct Argument<'a> {
+pub struct Argument<'input> {
     /// Where to find this argument
-    pub position: Position<'a>,
+    pub position: Position<'input>,
     /// The span of the position indicator. Includes any whitespace in implicit
     /// positions (`{  }`).
     pub position_span: Range<usize>,
     /// How to format the argument
-    pub format: FormatSpec<'a>,
+    pub format: FormatSpec<'input>,
 }
 
-impl<'a> Argument<'a> {
+impl<'input> Argument<'input> {
     pub fn is_identifier(&self) -> bool {
-        matches!(self.position, Position::ArgumentNamed(_))
-            && matches!(
-                self.format,
-                FormatSpec {
-                    fill: None,
-                    fill_span: None,
-                    align: AlignUnknown,
-                    sign: None,
-                    alternate: false,
-                    zero_pad: false,
-                    debug_hex: None,
-                    precision: CountImplied,
-                    precision_span: None,
-                    width: CountImplied,
-                    width_span: None,
-                    ty: "",
-                    ty_span: None,
-                },
-            )
+        matches!(self.position, Position::ArgumentNamed(_)) && self.format == FormatSpec::default()
     }
 }
 
 /// Specification for the formatting of an argument in the format string.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
-pub struct FormatSpec<'a> {
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Default)]
+pub struct FormatSpec<'input> {
     /// Optionally specified character to fill alignment with.
     pub fill: Option<char>,
     /// Span of the optionally specified fill character.
@@ -96,30 +83,30 @@ pub struct FormatSpec<'a> {
     /// The `x` or `X` flag. (Only for `Debug`.)
     pub debug_hex: Option<DebugHex>,
     /// The integer precision to use.
-    pub precision: Count<'a>,
+    pub precision: Count<'input>,
     /// The span of the precision formatting flag (for diagnostics).
     pub precision_span: Option<Range<usize>>,
     /// The string width requested for the resulting format.
-    pub width: Count<'a>,
+    pub width: Count<'input>,
     /// The span of the width formatting flag (for diagnostics).
     pub width_span: Option<Range<usize>>,
     /// The descriptor string representing the name of the format desired for
     /// this argument, this can be empty or any number of characters, although
     /// it is required to be one word.
-    pub ty: &'a str,
+    pub ty: &'input str,
     /// The span of the descriptor string (for diagnostics).
     pub ty_span: Option<Range<usize>>,
 }
 
 /// Enum describing where an argument for a format can be located.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
-pub enum Position<'a> {
+pub enum Position<'input> {
     /// The argument is implied to be located at an index
     ArgumentImplicitlyIs(usize),
     /// The argument is located at a specific index given in the format,
     ArgumentIs(usize),
     /// The argument has a name.
-    ArgumentNamed(&'a str),
+    ArgumentNamed(&'input str),
 }
 
 impl Position<'_> {
@@ -132,7 +119,7 @@ impl Position<'_> {
 }
 
 /// Enum of alignments which are supported.
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Default)]
 pub enum Alignment {
     /// The value will be aligned to the left.
     AlignLeft,
@@ -141,6 +128,7 @@ pub enum Alignment {
     /// The value will be aligned in the center.
     AlignCenter,
     /// The value will take on a default alignment.
+    #[default]
     AlignUnknown,
 }
 
@@ -164,17 +152,18 @@ pub enum DebugHex {
 
 /// A count is used for the precision and width parameters of an integer, and
 /// can reference either an argument or a literal integer.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
-pub enum Count<'a> {
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Default)]
+pub enum Count<'input> {
     /// The count is specified explicitly.
     CountIs(u16),
     /// The count is specified by the argument with the given name.
-    CountIsName(&'a str, Range<usize>),
+    CountIsName(&'input str, Range<usize>),
     /// The count is specified by the argument at the given index.
     CountIsParam(usize),
     /// The count is specified by a star (like in `{:.*}`) that refers to the argument at the given index.
     CountIsStar(usize),
     /// The count is implied and cannot be explicitly specified.
+    #[default]
     CountImplied,
 }
 
@@ -208,10 +197,10 @@ pub enum Suggestion {
 ///
 /// This is a recursive-descent parser for the sake of simplicity, and if
 /// necessary there's probably lots of room for improvement performance-wise.
-pub struct Parser<'a> {
+pub struct Parser<'input> {
     mode: ParseMode,
     /// Input to be parsed
-    input: &'a str,
+    input: &'input str,
     /// Tuples of the span in the code snippet (input as written before being unescaped), the pos in input, and the char in input
     input_vec: Vec<(Range<usize>, usize, char)>,
     /// Index into input_vec
@@ -237,15 +226,15 @@ pub struct Parser<'a> {
     pub line_spans: Vec<Range<usize>>,
 }
 
-impl<'a> Iterator for Parser<'a> {
-    type Item = Piece<'a>;
+impl<'input> Iterator for Parser<'input> {
+    type Item = Piece<'input>;
 
-    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Piece<'a>> {
-        if let Some(&(Range { start, end }, idx, ch)) = self.input_vec.get(self.input_vec_index) {
+    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Piece<'input>> {
+        if let Some((Range { start, end }, idx, ch)) = self.peek() {
             match ch {
                 '{' => {
                     self.input_vec_index += 1;
-                    if let Some(&(_, i, '{')) = self.input_vec.get(self.input_vec_index) {
+                    if let Some((_, i, '{')) = self.peek() {
                         self.input_vec_index += 1;
                         // double open brace escape: "{{"
                         // next state after this is either end-of-input or seen-a-brace
@@ -254,25 +243,21 @@ impl<'a> Iterator for Parser<'a> {
                         // single open brace
                         self.last_open_brace = Some(start..end);
                         let arg = self.argument();
-                        if let Some(close_brace_range) = self.consume_closing_brace(&arg) {
+                        self.ws();
+                        if let Some((close_brace_range, _)) = self.consume_pos('}') {
                             if self.is_source_literal {
                                 self.arg_places.push(start..close_brace_range.end);
                             }
-                        } else if let Some(&(_, _, c)) = self.input_vec.get(self.input_vec_index) {
-                            match c {
-                                '?' => self.suggest_format_debug(),
-                                '<' | '^' | '>' => self.suggest_format_align(c),
-                                _ => {
-                                    self.suggest_positional_arg_instead_of_captured_arg(arg.clone())
-                                }
-                            }
+                        } else {
+                            self.missing_closing_brace(&arg);
                         }
+
                         Some(Piece::NextArgument(Box::new(arg)))
                     }
                 }
                 '}' => {
                     self.input_vec_index += 1;
-                    if let Some(&(_, i, '}')) = self.input_vec.get(self.input_vec_index) {
+                    if let Some((_, i, '}')) = self.peek() {
                         self.input_vec_index += 1;
                         // double close brace escape: "}}"
                         // next state after this is either end-of-input or start
@@ -307,14 +292,14 @@ impl<'a> Iterator for Parser<'a> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
+impl<'input> Parser<'input> {
     /// Creates a new parser for the given unescaped input string and
     /// optional code snippet (the input as written before being unescaped),
     /// where `style` is `Some(nr_hashes)` when the snippet is a raw string with that many hashes.
     /// If the input comes via `println` or `panic`, then it has a newline already appended,
     /// which is reflected in the `appended_newline` parameter.
     pub fn new(
-        input: &'a str,
+        input: &'input str,
         style: Option<usize>,
         snippet: Option<String>,
         appended_newline: bool,
@@ -406,6 +391,16 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Peeks at the current position, without incrementing the pointer.
+    pub fn peek(&self) -> Option<(Range<usize>, usize, char)> {
+        self.input_vec.get(self.input_vec_index).cloned()
+    }
+
+    /// Peeks at the current position + 1, without incrementing the pointer.
+    pub fn peek_ahead(&self) -> Option<(Range<usize>, usize, char)> {
+        self.input_vec.get(self.input_vec_index + 1).cloned()
+    }
+
     /// Optionally consumes the specified character. If the character is not at
     /// the current position, then the current iterator isn't moved and `false` is
     /// returned, otherwise the character is consumed and `true` is returned.
@@ -418,27 +413,19 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
     /// returned, otherwise the character is consumed and the current position is
     /// returned.
     fn consume_pos(&mut self, ch: char) -> Option<(Range<usize>, usize)> {
-        if let Some((r, i, c)) = self.input_vec.get(self.input_vec_index) {
-            if ch == *c {
-                self.input_vec_index += 1;
-                return Some((r.clone(), *i));
-            }
+        if let Some((r, i, c)) = self.peek()
+            && ch == c
+        {
+            self.input_vec_index += 1;
+            return Some((r, i));
         }
+
         None
     }
 
-    /// Forces consumption of the specified character. If the character is not
-    /// found, an error is emitted.
-    fn consume_closing_brace(&mut self, arg: &Argument<'_>) -> Option<Range<usize>> {
-        self.ws();
-
-        let (range, description) = if let Some((r, _, c)) = self.input_vec.get(self.input_vec_index)
-        {
-            if *c == '}' {
-                self.input_vec_index += 1;
-                return Some(r.clone());
-            }
-            // or r.clone()?
+    /// Called if a closing brace was not found.
+    fn missing_closing_brace(&mut self, arg: &Argument<'_>) {
+        let (range, description) = if let Some((r, _, c)) = self.peek() {
             (r.start..r.start, format!("expected `}}`, found `{}`", c.escape_debug()))
         } else {
             (
@@ -471,7 +458,13 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             suggestion: Suggestion::None,
         });
 
-        None
+        if let Some((_, _, c)) = self.peek() {
+            match c {
+                '?' => self.suggest_format_debug(),
+                '<' | '^' | '>' => self.suggest_format_align(c),
+                _ => self.suggest_positional_arg_instead_of_captured_arg(arg),
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     /// Consumes all whitespace characters until the first non-whitespace character
@@ -483,11 +476,11 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
 
     /// Parses all of a string which is to be considered a "raw literal" in a
     /// format string. This is everything outside of the braces.
-    fn string(&mut self, start: usize) -> &'a str {
-        while let Some((r, i, c)) = self.input_vec.get(self.input_vec_index) {
+    fn string(&mut self, start: usize) -> &'input str {
+        while let Some((r, i, c)) = self.peek() {
             match c {
                 '{' | '}' => {
-                    return &self.input[start..*i];
+                    return &self.input[start..i];
                 }
                 '\n' if self.is_source_literal => {
                     self.input_vec_index += 1;
@@ -507,7 +500,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
     }
 
     /// Parses an `Argument` structure, or what's contained within braces inside the format string.
-    fn argument(&mut self) -> Argument<'a> {
+    fn argument(&mut self) -> Argument<'input> {
         let start_idx = self.input_vec_index;
 
         let position = self.position();
@@ -518,6 +511,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         let format = match self.mode {
             ParseMode::Format => self.format(),
             ParseMode::InlineAsm => self.inline_asm(),
+            ParseMode::Diagnostic => self.diagnostic(),
         };
 
         // Resolve position after parsing format spec.
@@ -536,31 +530,27 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
     /// integer index of an argument, a named argument, or a blank string.
     /// Returns `Some(parsed_position)` if the position is not implicitly
     /// consuming a macro argument, `None` if it's the case.
-    fn position(&mut self) -> Option<Position<'a>> {
+    fn position(&mut self) -> Option<Position<'input>> {
         if let Some(i) = self.integer() {
             Some(ArgumentIs(i.into()))
         } else {
-            match self.input_vec.get(self.input_vec_index) {
-                Some((range, _, c)) if rustc_lexer::is_id_start(*c) => {
+            match self.peek() {
+                Some((range, _, c)) if rustc_lexer::is_id_start(c) => {
                     let start = range.start;
                     let word = self.word();
 
                     // Recover from `r#ident` in format strings.
-                    // FIXME: use a let chain
-                    if word == "r" {
-                        if let Some((r, _, '#')) = self.input_vec.get(self.input_vec_index) {
-                            if self
-                                .input_vec
-                                .get(self.input_vec_index + 1)
-                                .is_some_and(|(_, _, c)| rustc_lexer::is_id_start(*c))
-                            {
-                                self.input_vec_index += 1;
-                                let prefix_end = r.end;
-                                let word = self.word();
-                                let prefix_span = start..prefix_end;
-                                let full_span =
-                                    start..self.input_vec_index2range(self.input_vec_index).start;
-                                self.errors.insert(0, ParseError {
+                    if word == "r"
+                        && let Some((r, _, '#')) = self.peek()
+                        && self.peek_ahead().is_some_and(|(_, _, c)| rustc_lexer::is_id_start(c))
+                    {
+                        self.input_vec_index += 1;
+                        let prefix_end = r.end;
+                        let word = self.word();
+                        let prefix_span = start..prefix_end;
+                        let full_span =
+                            start..self.input_vec_index2range(self.input_vec_index).start;
+                        self.errors.insert(0, ParseError {
                                     description: "raw identifiers are not supported".to_owned(),
                                     note: Some("identifiers in format strings can be keywords and don't need to be prefixed with `r#`".to_string()),
                                     label: "raw identifier used here".to_owned(),
@@ -568,9 +558,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                                     secondary_label: None,
                                     suggestion: Suggestion::RemoveRawIdent(prefix_span),
                                 });
-                                return Some(ArgumentNamed(word));
-                            }
-                        }
+                        return Some(ArgumentNamed(word));
                     }
 
                     Some(ArgumentNamed(word))
@@ -584,7 +572,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
     }
 
     fn input_vec_index2pos(&self, index: usize) -> usize {
-        if let Some(&(_, pos, _)) = self.input_vec.get(index) { pos } else { self.input.len() }
+        if let Some((_, pos, _)) = self.input_vec.get(index) { *pos } else { self.input.len() }
     }
 
     fn input_vec_index2range(&self, index: usize) -> Range<usize> {
@@ -597,33 +585,18 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
 
     /// Parses a format specifier at the current position, returning all of the
     /// relevant information in the `FormatSpec` struct.
-    fn format(&mut self) -> FormatSpec<'a> {
-        let mut spec = FormatSpec {
-            fill: None,
-            fill_span: None,
-            align: AlignUnknown,
-            sign: None,
-            alternate: false,
-            zero_pad: false,
-            debug_hex: None,
-            precision: CountImplied,
-            precision_span: None,
-            width: CountImplied,
-            width_span: None,
-            ty: &self.input[..0],
-            ty_span: None,
-        };
+    fn format(&mut self) -> FormatSpec<'input> {
+        let mut spec = FormatSpec::default();
+
         if !self.consume(':') {
             return spec;
         }
 
         // fill character
-        if let Some(&(ref r, _, c)) = self.input_vec.get(self.input_vec_index) {
-            if let Some((_, _, '>' | '<' | '^')) = self.input_vec.get(self.input_vec_index + 1) {
-                self.input_vec_index += 1;
-                spec.fill = Some(c);
-                spec.fill_span = Some(r.clone());
-            }
+        if let (Some((r, _, c)), Some((_, _, '>' | '<' | '^'))) = (self.peek(), self.peek_ahead()) {
+            self.input_vec_index += 1;
+            spec.fill = Some(c);
+            spec.fill_span = Some(r);
         }
         // Alignment
         if self.consume('<') {
@@ -701,24 +674,21 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             }
         } else if let Some((range, _)) = self.consume_pos('?') {
             spec.ty = "?";
-            if let Some((r, _, c)) = self.input_vec.get(self.input_vec_index) {
-                match c {
-                    '#' | 'x' | 'X' => self.errors.insert(
-                        0,
-                        ParseError {
-                            description: format!("expected `}}`, found `{c}`"),
-                            note: None,
-                            label: "expected `'}'`".into(),
-                            span: r.clone(),
-                            secondary_label: None,
-                            suggestion: Suggestion::ReorderFormatParameter(
-                                range.start..r.end,
-                                format!("{c}?"),
-                            ),
-                        },
-                    ),
-                    _ => (),
-                }
+            if let Some((r, _, c @ ('#' | 'x' | 'X'))) = self.peek() {
+                self.errors.insert(
+                    0,
+                    ParseError {
+                        description: format!("expected `}}`, found `{c}`"),
+                        note: None,
+                        label: "expected `'}'`".into(),
+                        span: r.clone(),
+                        secondary_label: None,
+                        suggestion: Suggestion::ReorderFormatParameter(
+                            range.start..r.end,
+                            format!("{c}?"),
+                        ),
+                    },
+                );
             }
         } else {
             spec.ty = self.word();
@@ -733,22 +703,9 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
 
     /// Parses an inline assembly template modifier at the current position, returning the modifier
     /// in the `ty` field of the `FormatSpec` struct.
-    fn inline_asm(&mut self) -> FormatSpec<'a> {
-        let mut spec = FormatSpec {
-            fill: None,
-            fill_span: None,
-            align: AlignUnknown,
-            sign: None,
-            alternate: false,
-            zero_pad: false,
-            debug_hex: None,
-            precision: CountImplied,
-            precision_span: None,
-            width: CountImplied,
-            width_span: None,
-            ty: &self.input[..0],
-            ty_span: None,
-        };
+    fn inline_asm(&mut self) -> FormatSpec<'input> {
+        let mut spec = FormatSpec::default();
+
         if !self.consume(':') {
             return spec;
         }
@@ -764,10 +721,26 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         spec
     }
 
+    /// Always returns an empty `FormatSpec`
+    fn diagnostic(&mut self) -> FormatSpec<'input> {
+        let mut spec = FormatSpec::default();
+
+        let Some((Range { start, .. }, start_idx)) = self.consume_pos(':') else {
+            return spec;
+        };
+
+        spec.ty = self.string(start_idx);
+        spec.ty_span = {
+            let end = self.input_vec_index2range(self.input_vec_index).start;
+            Some(start..end)
+        };
+        spec
+    }
+
     /// Parses a `Count` parameter at the current position. This does not check
     /// for 'CountIsNextParam' because that is only used in precision, not
     /// width.
-    fn count(&mut self) -> Count<'a> {
+    fn count(&mut self) -> Count<'input> {
         if let Some(i) = self.integer() {
             if self.consume('$') { CountIsParam(i.into()) } else { CountIs(i) }
         } else {
@@ -786,10 +759,10 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
 
     /// Parses a word starting at the current position. A word is the same as a
     /// Rust identifier, except that it can't start with `_` character.
-    fn word(&mut self) -> &'a str {
+    fn word(&mut self) -> &'input str {
         let index = self.input_vec_index;
-        match self.input_vec.get(self.input_vec_index) {
-            Some(&(ref r, i, c)) if rustc_lexer::is_id_start(c) => {
+        match self.peek() {
+            Some((ref r, i, c)) if rustc_lexer::is_id_start(c) => {
                 self.input_vec_index += 1;
                 (r.start, i)
             }
@@ -798,7 +771,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             }
         };
         let (err_end, end): (usize, usize) = loop {
-            if let Some(&(ref r, i, c)) = self.input_vec.get(self.input_vec_index) {
+            if let Some((ref r, i, c)) = self.peek() {
                 if rustc_lexer::is_id_continue(c) {
                     self.input_vec_index += 1;
                 } else {
@@ -828,7 +801,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         let mut found = false;
         let mut overflow = false;
         let start_index = self.input_vec_index;
-        while let Some(&(_, _, c)) = self.input_vec.get(self.input_vec_index) {
+        while let Some((_, _, c)) = self.peek() {
             if let Some(i) = c.to_digit(10) {
                 self.input_vec_index += 1;
                 let (tmp, mul_overflow) = cur.overflowing_mul(10);
@@ -897,7 +870,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         }
     }
 
-    fn suggest_positional_arg_instead_of_captured_arg(&mut self, arg: Argument<'a>) {
+    fn suggest_positional_arg_instead_of_captured_arg(&mut self, arg: &Argument<'_>) {
         // If the argument is not an identifier, it is not a field access.
         if !arg.is_identifier() {
             return;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse_format/src/tests.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse_format/src/tests.rs
index e6a7f24034a..a6c7e1890ab 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse_format/src/tests.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse_format/src/tests.rs
@@ -553,3 +553,45 @@ fn asm_concat() {
     assert_eq!(parser.by_ref().collect::<Vec<Piece<'static>>>(), &[Lit(asm)]);
     assert_eq!(parser.line_spans, &[]);
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn diagnostic_format_flags() {
+    let lit = "{thing:blah}";
+    let mut parser = Parser::new(lit, None, None, false, ParseMode::Diagnostic);
+    assert!(!parser.is_source_literal);
+
+    let [NextArgument(arg)] = &*parser.by_ref().collect::<Vec<Piece<'static>>>() else { panic!() };
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        **arg,
+        Argument {
+            position: ArgumentNamed("thing"),
+            position_span: 2..7,
+            format: FormatSpec { ty: ":blah", ty_span: Some(7..12), ..Default::default() },
+        }
+    );
+
+    assert_eq!(parser.line_spans, &[]);
+    assert!(parser.errors.is_empty());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn diagnostic_format_mod() {
+    let lit = "{thing:+}";
+    let mut parser = Parser::new(lit, None, None, false, ParseMode::Diagnostic);
+    assert!(!parser.is_source_literal);
+
+    let [NextArgument(arg)] = &*parser.by_ref().collect::<Vec<Piece<'static>>>() else { panic!() };
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        **arg,
+        Argument {
+            position: ArgumentNamed("thing"),
+            position_span: 2..7,
+            format: FormatSpec { ty: ":+", ty_span: Some(7..9), ..Default::default() },
+        }
+    );
+
+    assert_eq!(parser.line_spans, &[]);
+    assert!(parser.errors.is_empty());
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_passes/messages.ftl
index 983e562cdf3..7c237d708c0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/messages.ftl
@@ -56,23 +56,6 @@ passes_autodiff_attr =
 passes_both_ffi_const_and_pure =
     `#[ffi_const]` function cannot be `#[ffi_pure]`
 
-passes_break_inside_closure =
-    `{$name}` inside of a closure
-    .label = cannot `{$name}` inside of a closure
-    .closure_label = enclosing closure
-
-passes_break_inside_coroutine =
-    `{$name}` inside `{$kind}` {$source}
-    .label = cannot `{$name}` inside `{$kind}` {$source}
-    .coroutine_label = enclosing `{$kind}` {$source}
-
-passes_break_non_loop =
-    `break` with value from a `{$kind}` loop
-    .label = can only break with a value inside `loop` or breakable block
-    .label2 = you can't `break` with a value in a `{$kind}` loop
-    .suggestion = use `break` on its own without a value inside this `{$kind}` loop
-    .break_expr_suggestion = alternatively, you might have meant to use the available loop label
-
 passes_cannot_stabilize_deprecated =
     an API can't be stabilized after it is deprecated
     .label = invalid version
@@ -103,10 +86,6 @@ passes_const_stable_not_stable =
     attribute `#[rustc_const_stable]` can only be applied to functions that are declared `#[stable]`
     .label = attribute specified here
 
-passes_continue_labeled_block =
-    `continue` pointing to a labeled block
-    .label = labeled blocks cannot be `continue`'d
-    .block_label = labeled block the `continue` points to
 
 passes_coroutine_on_non_closure =
     attribute should be applied to closures
@@ -311,6 +290,9 @@ passes_duplicate_lang_item_crate_depends =
     .first_definition_path = first definition in `{$orig_crate_name}` loaded from {$orig_path}
     .second_definition_path = second definition in `{$crate_name}` loaded from {$path}
 
+passes_enum_variant_same_name =
+    it is impossible to refer to the {$descr} `{$dead_name}` because it is shadowed by this enum variant with the same name
+
 passes_export_name =
     attribute should be applied to a free function, impl method or static
     .label = not a free function, impl method or static
@@ -574,17 +556,6 @@ passes_optimize_invalid_target =
 passes_outer_crate_level_attr =
     crate-level attribute should be an inner attribute: add an exclamation mark: `#![foo]`
 
-passes_outside_loop =
-    `{$name}` outside of a loop{$is_break ->
-        [true] {" or labeled block"}
-        *[false] {""}
-    }
-    .label = cannot `{$name}` outside of a loop{$is_break ->
-        [true] {" or labeled block"}
-        *[false] {""}
-    }
-
-passes_outside_loop_suggestion = consider labeling this block to be able to break within it
 
 passes_panic_unwind_without_std =
     unwinding panics are not supported without std
@@ -748,18 +719,13 @@ passes_unknown_external_lang_item =
 passes_unknown_feature =
     unknown feature `{$feature}`
 
+passes_unknown_feature_alias =
+    feature `{$alias}` has been renamed to `{$feature}`
+
 passes_unknown_lang_item =
     definition of an unknown lang item: `{$name}`
     .label = definition of unknown lang item `{$name}`
 
-passes_unlabeled_cf_in_while_condition =
-    `break` or `continue` with no label in the condition of a `while` loop
-    .label = unlabeled `{$cf_type}` in the condition of a `while` loop
-
-passes_unlabeled_in_labeled_block =
-    unlabeled `{$cf_type}` inside of a labeled block
-    .label = `{$cf_type}` statements that would diverge to or through a labeled block need to bear a label
-
 passes_unnecessary_partial_stable_feature = the feature `{$feature}` has been partially stabilized since {$since} and is succeeded by the feature `{$implies}`
     .suggestion = if you are using features which are still unstable, change to using `{$implies}`
     .suggestion_remove = if you are using features which are now stable, remove this line
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/check_attr.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/check_attr.rs
index dc29b03083f..4e2be8ff0b8 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/check_attr.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/check_attr.rs
@@ -132,7 +132,22 @@ impl<'tcx> CheckAttrVisitor<'tcx> {
                         target,
                         attrs,
                     ),
-                _ => {
+                Attribute::Parsed(AttributeKind::AllowConstFnUnstable { .. }) => {
+                    self.check_rustc_allow_const_fn_unstable(hir_id, attr, span, target)
+                }
+                Attribute::Parsed(AttributeKind::Deprecation { .. }) => {
+                    self.check_deprecated(hir_id, attr, span, target)
+                }
+                Attribute::Parsed(AttributeKind::DocComment { .. }) => { /* `#[doc]` is actually a lot more than just doc comments, so is checked below*/
+                }
+                Attribute::Parsed(AttributeKind::Repr(_)) => { /* handled below this loop and elsewhere */
+                }
+                Attribute::Parsed(
+                    AttributeKind::BodyStability { .. }
+                    | AttributeKind::ConstStabilityIndirect
+                    | AttributeKind::MacroTransparency(_),
+                ) => { /* do nothing  */ }
+                Attribute::Unparsed(_) => {
                     match attr.path().as_slice() {
                         [sym::diagnostic, sym::do_not_recommend, ..] => {
                             self.check_do_not_recommend(attr.span(), hir_id, target, attr, item)
@@ -169,9 +184,6 @@ impl<'tcx> CheckAttrVisitor<'tcx> {
                             self.check_rustc_layout_scalar_valid_range(attr, span, target)
                         }
                         [sym::debugger_visualizer, ..] => self.check_debugger_visualizer(attr, target),
-                        [sym::rustc_allow_const_fn_unstable, ..] => {
-                            self.check_rustc_allow_const_fn_unstable(hir_id, attr, span, target)
-                        }
                         [sym::rustc_std_internal_symbol, ..] => {
                             self.check_rustc_std_internal_symbol(attr, span, target)
                         }
@@ -229,7 +241,6 @@ impl<'tcx> CheckAttrVisitor<'tcx> {
                         [sym::link_name, ..] => self.check_link_name(hir_id, attr, span, target),
                         [sym::link_section, ..] => self.check_link_section(hir_id, attr, span, target),
                         [sym::no_mangle, ..] => self.check_no_mangle(hir_id, attr, span, target),
-                        [sym::deprecated, ..] => self.check_deprecated(hir_id, attr, span, target),
                         [sym::macro_use, ..] | [sym::macro_escape, ..] => {
                             self.check_macro_use(hir_id, attr, target)
                         }
@@ -283,7 +294,6 @@ impl<'tcx> CheckAttrVisitor<'tcx> {
                             | sym::pointee // FIXME(derive_coerce_pointee)
                             | sym::omit_gdb_pretty_printer_section // FIXME(omit_gdb_pretty_printer_section)
                             | sym::used // handled elsewhere to restrict to static items
-                            | sym::repr // handled elsewhere to restrict to type decls items
                             | sym::instruction_set // broken on stable!!!
                             | sym::windows_subsystem // broken on stable!!!
                             | sym::patchable_function_entry // FIXME(patchable_function_entry)
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/dead.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/dead.rs
index 6b82252f32c..4257d8e8d16 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/dead.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/dead.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ use rustc_errors::MultiSpan;
 use rustc_hir::def::{CtorOf, DefKind, Res};
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefId, LocalDefId, LocalModDefId};
 use rustc_hir::intravisit::{self, Visitor};
-use rustc_hir::{self as hir, Node, PatKind, QPath, TyKind};
+use rustc_hir::{self as hir, ImplItem, ImplItemKind, Node, PatKind, QPath, TyKind};
 use rustc_middle::middle::codegen_fn_attrs::CodegenFnAttrFlags;
 use rustc_middle::middle::privacy::Level;
 use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use rustc_middle::ty::{self, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_middle::{bug, span_bug};
 use rustc_session::lint::builtin::DEAD_CODE;
 use rustc_session::lint::{self, LintExpectationId};
-use rustc_span::{Symbol, sym};
+use rustc_span::{Symbol, kw, sym};
 
 use crate::errors::{
     ChangeFields, IgnoredDerivedImpls, MultipleDeadCodes, ParentInfo, UselessAssignment,
@@ -793,6 +793,17 @@ fn check_item<'tcx>(
             // global_asm! is always live.
             worklist.push((id.owner_id.def_id, ComesFromAllowExpect::No));
         }
+        DefKind::Const => {
+            let item = tcx.hir_item(id);
+            if let hir::ItemKind::Const(ident, ..) = item.kind
+                && ident.name == kw::Underscore
+            {
+                // `const _` is always live, as that syntax only exists for the side effects
+                // of type checking and evaluating the constant expression, and marking them
+                // as dead code would defeat that purpose.
+                worklist.push((id.owner_id.def_id, ComesFromAllowExpect::No));
+            }
+        }
         _ => {}
     }
 }
@@ -925,7 +936,9 @@ enum ShouldWarnAboutField {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 enum ReportOn {
+    /// Report on something that hasn't got a proper name to refer to
     TupleField,
+    /// Report on something that has got a name, which could be a field but also a method
     NamedField,
 }
 
@@ -1050,6 +1063,31 @@ impl<'tcx> DeadVisitor<'tcx> {
                 None
             };
 
+        let enum_variants_with_same_name = dead_codes
+            .iter()
+            .filter_map(|dead_item| {
+                if let Node::ImplItem(ImplItem {
+                    kind: ImplItemKind::Fn(..) | ImplItemKind::Const(..),
+                    ..
+                }) = tcx.hir_node_by_def_id(dead_item.def_id)
+                    && let Some(impl_did) = tcx.opt_parent(dead_item.def_id.to_def_id())
+                    && let DefKind::Impl { of_trait: false } = tcx.def_kind(impl_did)
+                    && let ty::Adt(maybe_enum, _) = tcx.type_of(impl_did).skip_binder().kind()
+                    && maybe_enum.is_enum()
+                    && let Some(variant) =
+                        maybe_enum.variants().iter().find(|i| i.name == dead_item.name)
+                {
+                    Some(crate::errors::EnumVariantSameName {
+                        descr: tcx.def_descr(dead_item.def_id.to_def_id()),
+                        dead_name: dead_item.name,
+                        variant_span: tcx.def_span(variant.def_id),
+                    })
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            })
+            .collect();
+
         let diag = match report_on {
             ReportOn::TupleField => {
                 let tuple_fields = if let Some(parent_id) = parent_item
@@ -1103,6 +1141,7 @@ impl<'tcx> DeadVisitor<'tcx> {
                 name_list,
                 parent_info,
                 ignored_derived_impls,
+                enum_variants_with_same_name,
             },
         };
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/errors.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/errors.rs
index b995781719b..f0d4b610f63 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/errors.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/errors.rs
@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
 use std::io::Error;
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 
-use rustc_ast::Label;
 use rustc_errors::codes::*;
 use rustc_errors::{
     Applicability, Diag, DiagCtxtHandle, DiagSymbolList, Diagnostic, EmissionGuarantee, Level,
     MultiSpan, Subdiagnostic,
 };
-use rustc_hir::{self as hir, ExprKind, Target};
+use rustc_hir::Target;
 use rustc_macros::{Diagnostic, LintDiagnostic, Subdiagnostic};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{MainDefinition, Ty};
 use rustc_span::{DUMMY_SP, Span, Symbol};
@@ -1071,131 +1070,6 @@ pub(crate) struct FeaturePreviouslyDeclared<'a> {
     pub prev_declared: &'a str,
 }
 
-pub(crate) struct BreakNonLoop<'a> {
-    pub span: Span,
-    pub head: Option<Span>,
-    pub kind: &'a str,
-    pub suggestion: String,
-    pub loop_label: Option<Label>,
-    pub break_label: Option<Label>,
-    pub break_expr_kind: &'a ExprKind<'a>,
-    pub break_expr_span: Span,
-}
-
-impl<'a, G: EmissionGuarantee> Diagnostic<'_, G> for BreakNonLoop<'a> {
-    #[track_caller]
-    fn into_diag(self, dcx: DiagCtxtHandle<'_>, level: Level) -> Diag<'_, G> {
-        let mut diag = Diag::new(dcx, level, fluent::passes_break_non_loop);
-        diag.span(self.span);
-        diag.code(E0571);
-        diag.arg("kind", self.kind);
-        diag.span_label(self.span, fluent::passes_label);
-        if let Some(head) = self.head {
-            diag.span_label(head, fluent::passes_label2);
-        }
-        diag.span_suggestion(
-            self.span,
-            fluent::passes_suggestion,
-            self.suggestion,
-            Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
-        );
-        if let (Some(label), None) = (self.loop_label, self.break_label) {
-            match self.break_expr_kind {
-                ExprKind::Path(hir::QPath::Resolved(
-                    None,
-                    hir::Path { segments: [segment], res: hir::def::Res::Err, .. },
-                )) if label.ident.to_string() == format!("'{}", segment.ident) => {
-                    // This error is redundant, we will have already emitted a
-                    // suggestion to use the label when `segment` wasn't found
-                    // (hence the `Res::Err` check).
-                    diag.downgrade_to_delayed_bug();
-                }
-                _ => {
-                    diag.span_suggestion(
-                        self.break_expr_span,
-                        fluent::passes_break_expr_suggestion,
-                        label.ident,
-                        Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
-                    );
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        diag
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Diagnostic)]
-#[diag(passes_continue_labeled_block, code = E0696)]
-pub(crate) struct ContinueLabeledBlock {
-    #[primary_span]
-    #[label]
-    pub span: Span,
-    #[label(passes_block_label)]
-    pub block_span: Span,
-}
-
-#[derive(Diagnostic)]
-#[diag(passes_break_inside_closure, code = E0267)]
-pub(crate) struct BreakInsideClosure<'a> {
-    #[primary_span]
-    #[label]
-    pub span: Span,
-    #[label(passes_closure_label)]
-    pub closure_span: Span,
-    pub name: &'a str,
-}
-
-#[derive(Diagnostic)]
-#[diag(passes_break_inside_coroutine, code = E0267)]
-pub(crate) struct BreakInsideCoroutine<'a> {
-    #[primary_span]
-    #[label]
-    pub span: Span,
-    #[label(passes_coroutine_label)]
-    pub coroutine_span: Span,
-    pub name: &'a str,
-    pub kind: &'a str,
-    pub source: &'a str,
-}
-
-#[derive(Diagnostic)]
-#[diag(passes_outside_loop, code = E0268)]
-pub(crate) struct OutsideLoop<'a> {
-    #[primary_span]
-    #[label]
-    pub spans: Vec<Span>,
-    pub name: &'a str,
-    pub is_break: bool,
-    #[subdiagnostic]
-    pub suggestion: Option<OutsideLoopSuggestion>,
-}
-#[derive(Subdiagnostic)]
-#[multipart_suggestion(passes_outside_loop_suggestion, applicability = "maybe-incorrect")]
-pub(crate) struct OutsideLoopSuggestion {
-    #[suggestion_part(code = "'block: ")]
-    pub block_span: Span,
-    #[suggestion_part(code = " 'block")]
-    pub break_spans: Vec<Span>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Diagnostic)]
-#[diag(passes_unlabeled_in_labeled_block, code = E0695)]
-pub(crate) struct UnlabeledInLabeledBlock<'a> {
-    #[primary_span]
-    #[label]
-    pub span: Span,
-    pub cf_type: &'a str,
-}
-
-#[derive(Diagnostic)]
-#[diag(passes_unlabeled_cf_in_while_condition, code = E0590)]
-pub(crate) struct UnlabeledCfInWhileCondition<'a> {
-    #[primary_span]
-    #[label]
-    pub span: Span,
-    pub cf_type: &'a str,
-}
-
 #[derive(Diagnostic)]
 #[diag(passes_naked_functions_incompatible_attribute, code = E0736)]
 pub(crate) struct NakedFunctionIncompatibleAttribute {
@@ -1561,6 +1435,15 @@ pub(crate) struct UnknownFeature {
 }
 
 #[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(passes_unknown_feature_alias, code = E0635)]
+pub(crate) struct RenamedFeature {
+    #[primary_span]
+    pub span: Span,
+    pub feature: Symbol,
+    pub alias: Symbol,
+}
+
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
 #[diag(passes_implied_feature_not_exist)]
 pub(crate) struct ImpliedFeatureNotExist {
     #[primary_span]
@@ -1604,6 +1487,9 @@ pub(crate) enum MultipleDeadCodes<'tcx> {
         participle: &'tcx str,
         name_list: DiagSymbolList,
         #[subdiagnostic]
+        // only on DeadCodes since it's never a problem for tuple struct fields
+        enum_variants_with_same_name: Vec<EnumVariantSameName<'tcx>>,
+        #[subdiagnostic]
         parent_info: Option<ParentInfo<'tcx>>,
         #[subdiagnostic]
         ignored_derived_impls: Option<IgnoredDerivedImpls>,
@@ -1625,6 +1511,15 @@ pub(crate) enum MultipleDeadCodes<'tcx> {
 }
 
 #[derive(Subdiagnostic)]
+#[note(passes_enum_variant_same_name)]
+pub(crate) struct EnumVariantSameName<'tcx> {
+    #[primary_span]
+    pub variant_span: Span,
+    pub dead_name: Symbol,
+    pub descr: &'tcx str,
+}
+
+#[derive(Subdiagnostic)]
 #[label(passes_parent_info)]
 pub(crate) struct ParentInfo<'tcx> {
     pub num: usize,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/input_stats.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/input_stats.rs
index 6852153a2e7..46e6c0bf7da 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/input_stats.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/input_stats.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 use rustc_ast::visit::BoundKind;
 use rustc_ast::{self as ast, NodeId, visit as ast_visit};
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
-use rustc_data_structures::thousands::format_with_underscores;
+use rustc_data_structures::thousands::usize_with_underscores;
 use rustc_hir::{self as hir, AmbigArg, HirId, intravisit as hir_visit};
 use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
 use rustc_span::Span;
@@ -140,10 +140,10 @@ impl<'k> StatCollector<'k> {
                 "{} {:<18}{:>10} ({:4.1}%){:>14}{:>14}",
                 prefix,
                 label,
-                format_with_underscores(size),
+                usize_with_underscores(size),
                 percent(size, total_size),
-                format_with_underscores(node.stats.count),
-                format_with_underscores(node.stats.size)
+                usize_with_underscores(node.stats.count),
+                usize_with_underscores(node.stats.size)
             );
             if !node.subnodes.is_empty() {
                 // We will soon sort, so the initial order does not matter.
@@ -159,9 +159,9 @@ impl<'k> StatCollector<'k> {
                         "{} - {:<18}{:>10} ({:4.1}%){:>14}",
                         prefix,
                         label,
-                        format_with_underscores(size),
+                        usize_with_underscores(size),
                         percent(size, total_size),
-                        format_with_underscores(subnode.count),
+                        usize_with_underscores(subnode.count),
                     );
                 }
             }
@@ -171,8 +171,8 @@ impl<'k> StatCollector<'k> {
             "{} {:<18}{:>10}        {:>14}",
             prefix,
             "Total",
-            format_with_underscores(total_size),
-            format_with_underscores(total_count),
+            usize_with_underscores(total_size),
+            usize_with_underscores(total_count),
         );
         eprintln!("{prefix}");
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/lib.rs
index 1831f45a9ec..af7ecf0830c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/lib.rs
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ mod lang_items;
 pub mod layout_test;
 mod lib_features;
 mod liveness;
-pub mod loops;
 mod reachable;
 pub mod stability;
 mod upvars;
@@ -45,7 +44,6 @@ pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
     entry::provide(providers);
     lang_items::provide(providers);
     lib_features::provide(providers);
-    loops::provide(providers);
     liveness::provide(providers);
     reachable::provide(providers);
     stability::provide(providers);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/lib_features.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/lib_features.rs
index b3e6ee9512c..127e0df1332 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/lib_features.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/lib_features.rs
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LibFeatureCollector<'tcx> {
         };
 
         let feature_stability = match level {
-            StabilityLevel::Unstable { .. } => FeatureStability::Unstable,
+            StabilityLevel::Unstable { old_name, .. } => FeatureStability::Unstable { old_name },
             StabilityLevel::Stable { since, .. } => FeatureStability::AcceptedSince(match since {
                 StableSince::Version(v) => Symbol::intern(&v.to_string()),
                 StableSince::Current => sym::env_CFG_RELEASE,
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LibFeatureCollector<'tcx> {
                     });
                 }
             }
-            (FeatureStability::AcceptedSince(_), Some((FeatureStability::Unstable, _))) => {
+            (FeatureStability::AcceptedSince(_), Some((FeatureStability::Unstable { .. }, _))) => {
                 self.tcx.dcx().emit_err(FeaturePreviouslyDeclared {
                     span,
                     feature,
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LibFeatureCollector<'tcx> {
                     prev_declared: "unstable",
                 });
             }
-            (FeatureStability::Unstable, Some((FeatureStability::AcceptedSince(_), _))) => {
+            (FeatureStability::Unstable { .. }, Some((FeatureStability::AcceptedSince(_), _))) => {
                 self.tcx.dcx().emit_err(FeaturePreviouslyDeclared {
                     span,
                     feature,
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LibFeatureCollector<'tcx> {
                 });
             }
             // duplicate `unstable` feature is ok.
-            (FeatureStability::Unstable, Some((FeatureStability::Unstable, _))) => {}
+            (FeatureStability::Unstable { .. }, Some((FeatureStability::Unstable { .. }, _))) => {}
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/stability.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/stability.rs
index 45e26c8999a..56d9f5bf785 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/stability.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/stability.rs
@@ -718,6 +718,7 @@ fn stability_index(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, (): ()) -> Index {
                     issue: NonZero::new(27812),
                     is_soft: false,
                     implied_by: None,
+                    old_name: None,
                 },
                 feature: sym::rustc_private,
             };
@@ -1161,8 +1162,8 @@ pub fn check_unused_or_stable_features(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>) {
         defined_features: &LibFeatures,
         all_implications: &UnordMap<Symbol, Symbol>,
     ) {
-        for (feature, since) in defined_features.to_sorted_vec() {
-            if let FeatureStability::AcceptedSince(since) = since
+        for (feature, stability) in defined_features.to_sorted_vec() {
+            if let FeatureStability::AcceptedSince(since) = stability
                 && let Some(span) = remaining_lib_features.get(&feature)
             {
                 // Warn if the user has enabled an already-stable lib feature.
@@ -1181,6 +1182,12 @@ pub fn check_unused_or_stable_features(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>) {
             // implications from this crate.
             remaining_implications.remove(&feature);
 
+            if let FeatureStability::Unstable { old_name: Some(alias) } = stability {
+                if let Some(span) = remaining_lib_features.swap_remove(&alias) {
+                    tcx.dcx().emit_err(errors::RenamedFeature { span, feature, alias });
+                }
+            }
+
             if remaining_lib_features.is_empty() && remaining_implications.is_empty() {
                 break;
             }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_resolve/messages.ftl
index 38cdfa72a14..58942474e32 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/messages.ftl
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ resolve_const_param_in_enum_discriminant =
     const parameters may not be used in enum discriminant values
 
 resolve_const_param_in_non_trivial_anon_const =
-    const parameters may only be used as standalone arguments, i.e. `{$name}`
+    const parameters may only be used as standalone arguments here, i.e. `{$name}`
 
 resolve_constructor_private_if_any_field_private =
     a constructor is private if any of the fields is private
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/build_reduced_graph.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/build_reduced_graph.rs
index c30ed781f35..650a827ba56 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/build_reduced_graph.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/build_reduced_graph.rs
@@ -1098,22 +1098,20 @@ impl<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> BuildReducedGraphVisitor<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> {
             self.r.potentially_unused_imports.push(import);
             module.for_each_child(self, |this, ident, ns, binding| {
                 if ns == MacroNS {
-                    let imported_binding =
-                        if this.r.is_accessible_from(binding.vis, this.parent_scope.module) {
-                            this.r.import(binding, import)
-                        } else if !this.r.is_builtin_macro(binding.res())
-                            && !this.r.macro_use_prelude.contains_key(&ident.name)
-                        {
-                            // - `!r.is_builtin_macro(res)` excluding the built-in macros such as `Debug` or `Hash`.
-                            // - `!r.macro_use_prelude.contains_key(name)` excluding macros defined in other extern
-                            //    crates such as `std`.
-                            // FIXME: This branch should eventually be removed.
-                            let import = macro_use_import(this, span, true);
-                            this.r.import(binding, import)
-                        } else {
+                    let import = if this.r.is_accessible_from(binding.vis, this.parent_scope.module)
+                    {
+                        import
+                    } else {
+                        // FIXME: This branch is used for reporting the `private_macro_use` lint
+                        // and should eventually be removed.
+                        if this.r.macro_use_prelude.contains_key(&ident.name) {
+                            // Do not override already existing entries with compatibility entries.
                             return;
-                        };
-                    this.add_macro_use_binding(ident.name, imported_binding, span, allow_shadowing);
+                        }
+                        macro_use_import(this, span, true)
+                    };
+                    let import_binding = this.r.import(binding, import);
+                    this.add_macro_use_binding(ident.name, import_binding, span, allow_shadowing);
                 }
             });
         } else {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/def_collector.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/def_collector.rs
index dc16fe212b1..f8e0a6936a0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/def_collector.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/def_collector.rs
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ impl<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> visit::Visitor<'a> for DefCollector<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> {
                 // FIXME(jdonszelmann) make one of these in the resolver?
                 // FIXME(jdonszelmann) don't care about tools here maybe? Just parse what we can.
                 // Does that prevents errors from happening? maybe
-                let parser = AttributeParser::new(
+                let mut parser = AttributeParser::new_early(
                     &self.resolver.tcx.sess,
                     self.resolver.tcx.features(),
                     Vec::new(),
@@ -136,8 +136,14 @@ impl<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> visit::Visitor<'a> for DefCollector<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> {
                 let attrs = parser.parse_attribute_list(
                     &i.attrs,
                     i.span,
+                    i.id,
                     OmitDoc::Skip,
                     std::convert::identity,
+                    |_l| {
+                        // FIXME(jdonszelmann): emit lints here properly
+                        // NOTE that before new attribute parsing, they didn't happen either
+                        // but it would be nice if we could change that.
+                    },
                 );
 
                 let macro_data =
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/diagnostics.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/diagnostics.rs
index 201b1c0a493..9149974a617 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/diagnostics.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/diagnostics.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use rustc_ast::{
 use rustc_ast_pretty::pprust;
 use rustc_attr_data_structures::{self as attr, Stability};
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
-use rustc_data_structures::unord::UnordSet;
+use rustc_data_structures::unord::{UnordMap, UnordSet};
 use rustc_errors::codes::*;
 use rustc_errors::{
     Applicability, Diag, DiagCtxtHandle, ErrorGuaranteed, MultiSpan, SuggestionStyle,
@@ -1054,6 +1054,7 @@ impl<'ra, 'tcx> Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
                                 false,
                                 false,
                                 None,
+                                None,
                             ) else {
                                 continue;
                             };
@@ -1482,7 +1483,35 @@ impl<'ra, 'tcx> Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
         parent_scope: &ParentScope<'ra>,
         ident: Ident,
         krate: &Crate,
+        sugg_span: Option<Span>,
     ) {
+        // Bring imported but unused `derive` macros into `macro_map` so we ensure they can be used
+        // for suggestions.
+        self.visit_scopes(
+            ScopeSet::Macro(MacroKind::Derive),
+            &parent_scope,
+            ident.span.ctxt(),
+            |this, scope, _use_prelude, _ctxt| {
+                let Scope::Module(m, _) = scope else {
+                    return None;
+                };
+                for (_, resolution) in this.resolutions(m).borrow().iter() {
+                    let Some(binding) = resolution.borrow().binding else {
+                        continue;
+                    };
+                    let Res::Def(DefKind::Macro(MacroKind::Derive | MacroKind::Attr), def_id) =
+                        binding.res()
+                    else {
+                        continue;
+                    };
+                    // By doing this all *imported* macros get added to the `macro_map` even if they
+                    // are *unused*, which makes the later suggestions find them and work.
+                    let _ = this.get_macro_by_def_id(def_id);
+                }
+                None::<()>
+            },
+        );
+
         let is_expected = &|res: Res| res.macro_kind() == Some(macro_kind);
         let suggestion = self.early_lookup_typo_candidate(
             ScopeSet::Macro(macro_kind),
@@ -1490,7 +1519,9 @@ impl<'ra, 'tcx> Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
             ident,
             is_expected,
         );
-        self.add_typo_suggestion(err, suggestion, ident.span);
+        if !self.add_typo_suggestion(err, suggestion, ident.span) {
+            self.detect_derive_attribute(err, ident, parent_scope, sugg_span);
+        }
 
         let import_suggestions =
             self.lookup_import_candidates(ident, Namespace::MacroNS, parent_scope, is_expected);
@@ -1623,6 +1654,105 @@ impl<'ra, 'tcx> Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Given an attribute macro that failed to be resolved, look for `derive` macros that could
+    /// provide it, either as-is or with small typos.
+    fn detect_derive_attribute(
+        &self,
+        err: &mut Diag<'_>,
+        ident: Ident,
+        parent_scope: &ParentScope<'ra>,
+        sugg_span: Option<Span>,
+    ) {
+        // Find all of the `derive`s in scope and collect their corresponding declared
+        // attributes.
+        // FIXME: this only works if the crate that owns the macro that has the helper_attr
+        // has already been imported.
+        let mut derives = vec![];
+        let mut all_attrs: UnordMap<Symbol, Vec<_>> = UnordMap::default();
+        // We're collecting these in a hashmap, and handle ordering the output further down.
+        #[allow(rustc::potential_query_instability)]
+        for (def_id, data) in &self.macro_map {
+            for helper_attr in &data.ext.helper_attrs {
+                let item_name = self.tcx.item_name(*def_id);
+                all_attrs.entry(*helper_attr).or_default().push(item_name);
+                if helper_attr == &ident.name {
+                    derives.push(item_name);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        let kind = MacroKind::Derive.descr();
+        if !derives.is_empty() {
+            // We found an exact match for the missing attribute in a `derive` macro. Suggest it.
+            let mut derives: Vec<String> = derives.into_iter().map(|d| d.to_string()).collect();
+            derives.sort();
+            derives.dedup();
+            let msg = match &derives[..] {
+                [derive] => format!(" `{derive}`"),
+                [start @ .., last] => format!(
+                    "s {} and `{last}`",
+                    start.iter().map(|d| format!("`{d}`")).collect::<Vec<_>>().join(", ")
+                ),
+                [] => unreachable!("we checked for this to be non-empty 10 lines above!?"),
+            };
+            let msg = format!(
+                "`{}` is an attribute that can be used by the {kind}{msg}, you might be \
+                     missing a `derive` attribute",
+                ident.name,
+            );
+            let sugg_span = if let ModuleKind::Def(DefKind::Enum, id, _) = parent_scope.module.kind
+            {
+                let span = self.def_span(id);
+                if span.from_expansion() {
+                    None
+                } else {
+                    // For enum variants sugg_span is empty but we can get the enum's Span.
+                    Some(span.shrink_to_lo())
+                }
+            } else {
+                // For items this `Span` will be populated, everything else it'll be None.
+                sugg_span
+            };
+            match sugg_span {
+                Some(span) => {
+                    err.span_suggestion_verbose(
+                        span,
+                        msg,
+                        format!("#[derive({})]\n", derives.join(", ")),
+                        Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
+                    );
+                }
+                None => {
+                    err.note(msg);
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            // We didn't find an exact match. Look for close matches. If any, suggest fixing typo.
+            let all_attr_names = all_attrs.keys().map(|s| *s).into_sorted_stable_ord();
+            if let Some(best_match) = find_best_match_for_name(&all_attr_names, ident.name, None)
+                && let Some(macros) = all_attrs.get(&best_match)
+            {
+                let mut macros: Vec<String> = macros.into_iter().map(|d| d.to_string()).collect();
+                macros.sort();
+                macros.dedup();
+                let msg = match &macros[..] {
+                    [] => return,
+                    [name] => format!(" `{name}` accepts"),
+                    [start @ .., end] => format!(
+                        "s {} and `{end}` accept",
+                        start.iter().map(|m| format!("`{m}`")).collect::<Vec<_>>().join(", "),
+                    ),
+                };
+                let msg = format!("the {kind}{msg} the similarly named `{best_match}` attribute");
+                err.span_suggestion_verbose(
+                    ident.span,
+                    msg,
+                    best_match,
+                    Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     pub(crate) fn add_typo_suggestion(
         &self,
         err: &mut Diag<'_>,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/ident.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/ident.rs
index 180d6af219d..68fbe48ebcb 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/ident.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/ident.rs
@@ -460,6 +460,7 @@ impl<'ra, 'tcx> Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
                                 true,
                                 force,
                                 ignore_import,
+                                None,
                             ) {
                                 Ok((Some(ext), _)) => {
                                     if ext.helper_attrs.contains(&ident.name) {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/imports.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/imports.rs
index 816efd0d5fa..e989209e177 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/imports.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/imports.rs
@@ -133,7 +133,9 @@ impl<'ra> std::fmt::Debug for ImportKind<'ra> {
                 .field("target", target)
                 .field("id", id)
                 .finish(),
-            MacroUse { .. } => f.debug_struct("MacroUse").finish(),
+            MacroUse { warn_private } => {
+                f.debug_struct("MacroUse").field("warn_private", warn_private).finish()
+            }
             MacroExport => f.debug_struct("MacroExport").finish(),
         }
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late.rs
index 3dc285fdab6..fa4b024c422 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late.rs
@@ -4509,7 +4509,7 @@ impl<'a, 'ast, 'ra: 'ast, 'tcx> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, 'ast, 'ra, 'tcx> {
             let path_seg = |seg: &Segment| PathSegment::from_ident(seg.ident);
             let path = Path { segments: path.iter().map(path_seg).collect(), span, tokens: None };
             if let Ok((_, res)) =
-                self.r.resolve_macro_path(&path, None, &self.parent_scope, false, false, None)
+                self.r.resolve_macro_path(&path, None, &self.parent_scope, false, false, None, None)
             {
                 return Ok(Some(PartialRes::new(res)));
             }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/lib.rs
index 9ba70abd4d9..f0540725416 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/lib.rs
@@ -1139,7 +1139,7 @@ pub struct Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
     proc_macro_stubs: FxHashSet<LocalDefId>,
     /// Traces collected during macro resolution and validated when it's complete.
     single_segment_macro_resolutions:
-        Vec<(Ident, MacroKind, ParentScope<'ra>, Option<NameBinding<'ra>>)>,
+        Vec<(Ident, MacroKind, ParentScope<'ra>, Option<NameBinding<'ra>>, Option<Span>)>,
     multi_segment_macro_resolutions:
         Vec<(Vec<Segment>, Span, MacroKind, ParentScope<'ra>, Option<Res>, Namespace)>,
     builtin_attrs: Vec<(Ident, ParentScope<'ra>)>,
@@ -1934,12 +1934,26 @@ impl<'ra, 'tcx> Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
         }
         if let NameBindingKind::Import { import, binding } = used_binding.kind {
             if let ImportKind::MacroUse { warn_private: true } = import.kind {
-                self.lint_buffer().buffer_lint(
-                    PRIVATE_MACRO_USE,
-                    import.root_id,
-                    ident.span,
-                    BuiltinLintDiag::MacroIsPrivate(ident),
-                );
+                // Do not report the lint if the macro name resolves in stdlib prelude
+                // even without the problematic `macro_use` import.
+                let found_in_stdlib_prelude = self.prelude.is_some_and(|prelude| {
+                    self.maybe_resolve_ident_in_module(
+                        ModuleOrUniformRoot::Module(prelude),
+                        ident,
+                        MacroNS,
+                        &ParentScope::module(self.empty_module, self),
+                        None,
+                    )
+                    .is_ok()
+                });
+                if !found_in_stdlib_prelude {
+                    self.lint_buffer().buffer_lint(
+                        PRIVATE_MACRO_USE,
+                        import.root_id,
+                        ident.span,
+                        BuiltinLintDiag::MacroIsPrivate(ident),
+                    );
+                }
             }
             // Avoid marking `extern crate` items that refer to a name from extern prelude,
             // but not introduce it, as used if they are accessed from lexical scope.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/macros.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/macros.rs
index ee905065b96..1b82e9c9799 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/macros.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/macros.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@ use rustc_attr_data_structures::StabilityLevel;
 use rustc_data_structures::intern::Interned;
 use rustc_errors::{Applicability, DiagCtxtHandle, StashKey};
 use rustc_expand::base::{
-    DeriveResolution, Indeterminate, ResolverExpand, SyntaxExtension, SyntaxExtensionKind,
+    Annotatable, DeriveResolution, Indeterminate, ResolverExpand, SyntaxExtension,
+    SyntaxExtensionKind,
 };
 use rustc_expand::compile_declarative_macro;
 use rustc_expand::expand::{
@@ -294,6 +295,14 @@ impl<'ra, 'tcx> ResolverExpand for Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
                     && self.tcx.def_kind(mod_def_id) == DefKind::Mod
             })
             .map(|&InvocationParent { parent_def: mod_def_id, .. }| mod_def_id);
+        let sugg_span = match &invoc.kind {
+            InvocationKind::Attr { item: Annotatable::Item(item), .. }
+                if !item.span.from_expansion() =>
+            {
+                Some(item.span.shrink_to_lo())
+            }
+            _ => None,
+        };
         let (ext, res) = self.smart_resolve_macro_path(
             path,
             kind,
@@ -304,6 +313,7 @@ impl<'ra, 'tcx> ResolverExpand for Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
             force,
             deleg_impl,
             looks_like_invoc_in_mod_inert_attr,
+            sugg_span,
         )?;
 
         let span = invoc.span();
@@ -386,6 +396,7 @@ impl<'ra, 'tcx> ResolverExpand for Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
                         true,
                         force,
                         None,
+                        None,
                     ) {
                         Ok((Some(ext), _)) => {
                             if !ext.helper_attrs.is_empty() {
@@ -528,6 +539,7 @@ impl<'ra, 'tcx> Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
         force: bool,
         deleg_impl: Option<LocalDefId>,
         invoc_in_mod_inert_attr: Option<LocalDefId>,
+        suggestion_span: Option<Span>,
     ) -> Result<(Arc<SyntaxExtension>, Res), Indeterminate> {
         let (ext, res) = match self.resolve_macro_or_delegation_path(
             path,
@@ -538,6 +550,7 @@ impl<'ra, 'tcx> Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
             deleg_impl,
             invoc_in_mod_inert_attr.map(|def_id| (def_id, node_id)),
             None,
+            suggestion_span,
         ) {
             Ok((Some(ext), res)) => (ext, res),
             Ok((None, res)) => (self.dummy_ext(kind), res),
@@ -681,6 +694,7 @@ impl<'ra, 'tcx> Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
         trace: bool,
         force: bool,
         ignore_import: Option<Import<'ra>>,
+        suggestion_span: Option<Span>,
     ) -> Result<(Option<Arc<SyntaxExtension>>, Res), Determinacy> {
         self.resolve_macro_or_delegation_path(
             path,
@@ -691,6 +705,7 @@ impl<'ra, 'tcx> Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
             None,
             None,
             ignore_import,
+            suggestion_span,
         )
     }
 
@@ -704,6 +719,7 @@ impl<'ra, 'tcx> Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
         deleg_impl: Option<LocalDefId>,
         invoc_in_mod_inert_attr: Option<(LocalDefId, NodeId)>,
         ignore_import: Option<Import<'ra>>,
+        suggestion_span: Option<Span>,
     ) -> Result<(Option<Arc<SyntaxExtension>>, Res), Determinacy> {
         let path_span = ast_path.span;
         let mut path = Segment::from_path(ast_path);
@@ -768,6 +784,7 @@ impl<'ra, 'tcx> Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
                     kind,
                     *parent_scope,
                     binding.ok(),
+                    suggestion_span,
                 ));
             }
 
@@ -905,7 +922,7 @@ impl<'ra, 'tcx> Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
         }
 
         let macro_resolutions = mem::take(&mut self.single_segment_macro_resolutions);
-        for (ident, kind, parent_scope, initial_binding) in macro_resolutions {
+        for (ident, kind, parent_scope, initial_binding, sugg_span) in macro_resolutions {
             match self.early_resolve_ident_in_lexical_scope(
                 ident,
                 ScopeSet::Macro(kind),
@@ -946,7 +963,14 @@ impl<'ra, 'tcx> Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
                         expected,
                         ident,
                     });
-                    self.unresolved_macro_suggestions(&mut err, kind, &parent_scope, ident, krate);
+                    self.unresolved_macro_suggestions(
+                        &mut err,
+                        kind,
+                        &parent_scope,
+                        ident,
+                        krate,
+                        sugg_span,
+                    );
                     err.emit();
                 }
             }
@@ -974,7 +998,8 @@ impl<'ra, 'tcx> Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
     ) {
         let span = path.span;
         if let Some(stability) = &ext.stability {
-            if let StabilityLevel::Unstable { reason, issue, is_soft, implied_by } = stability.level
+            if let StabilityLevel::Unstable { reason, issue, is_soft, implied_by, .. } =
+                stability.level
             {
                 let feature = stability.feature;
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_session/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_session/messages.ftl
index 528c52eace7..61953614c77 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_session/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_session/messages.ftl
@@ -40,6 +40,11 @@ session_file_is_not_writeable = output file {$file} is not writeable -- check it
 
 session_file_write_fail = failed to write `{$path}` due to error `{$err}`
 
+session_forbidden_ctarget_feature =
+    target feature `{$feature}` cannot be {$enabled} with `-Ctarget-feature`: {$reason}
+    .note = this was previously accepted by the compiler but is being phased out; it will become a hard error in a future release!
+session_forbidden_ctarget_feature_issue = for more information, see issue #116344 <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/116344>
+
 session_function_return_requires_x86_or_x86_64 = `-Zfunction-return` (except `keep`) is only supported on x86 and x86_64
 
 session_function_return_thunk_extern_requires_non_large_code_model = `-Zfunction-return=thunk-extern` is only supported on non-large code models
@@ -132,6 +137,9 @@ session_target_stack_protector_not_supported = `-Z stack-protector={$stack_prote
 session_unleashed_feature_help_named = skipping check for `{$gate}` feature
 session_unleashed_feature_help_unnamed = skipping check that does not even have a feature gate
 
+session_unstable_ctarget_feature =
+    unstable feature specified for `-Ctarget-feature`: `{$feature}`
+    .note = this feature is not stably supported; its behavior can change in the future
 session_unstable_virtual_function_elimination = `-Zvirtual-function-elimination` requires `-Clto`
 
 session_unsupported_crate_type_for_target =
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_session/src/config.rs b/compiler/rustc_session/src/config.rs
index 60e1b465ba9..8984634e5ec 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_session/src/config.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_session/src/config.rs
@@ -2649,6 +2649,15 @@ pub fn build_session_options(early_dcx: &mut EarlyDiagCtxt, matches: &getopts::M
 
     let prints = collect_print_requests(early_dcx, &mut cg, &unstable_opts, matches);
 
+    // -Zretpoline-external-thunk also requires -Zretpoline
+    if unstable_opts.retpoline_external_thunk {
+        unstable_opts.retpoline = true;
+        target_modifiers.insert(
+            OptionsTargetModifiers::UnstableOptions(UnstableOptionsTargetModifiers::retpoline),
+            "true".to_string(),
+        );
+    }
+
     let cg = cg;
 
     let sysroot_opt = matches.opt_str("sysroot").map(|m| PathBuf::from(&m));
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_session/src/errors.rs b/compiler/rustc_session/src/errors.rs
index bf95014843d..9c591dcf619 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_session/src/errors.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_session/src/errors.rs
@@ -501,3 +501,20 @@ pub(crate) struct SoftFloatIgnored;
 #[note]
 #[note(session_soft_float_deprecated_issue)]
 pub(crate) struct SoftFloatDeprecated;
+
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(session_forbidden_ctarget_feature)]
+#[note]
+#[note(session_forbidden_ctarget_feature_issue)]
+pub(crate) struct ForbiddenCTargetFeature<'a> {
+    pub feature: &'a str,
+    pub enabled: &'a str,
+    pub reason: &'a str,
+}
+
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(session_unstable_ctarget_feature)]
+#[note]
+pub(crate) struct UnstableCTargetFeature<'a> {
+    pub feature: &'a str,
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_session/src/features.rs b/compiler/rustc_session/src/features.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..70a088a236f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_session/src/features.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+use rustc_target::target_features::Stability;
+
+use crate::Session;
+use crate::errors::{ForbiddenCTargetFeature, UnstableCTargetFeature};
+
+pub trait StabilityExt {
+    /// Returns whether the feature may be toggled via `#[target_feature]` or `-Ctarget-feature`.
+    /// Otherwise, some features also may only be enabled by flag (target modifier).
+    /// (It might still be nightly-only even if this returns `true`, so make sure to also check
+    /// `requires_nightly`.)
+    fn is_toggle_permitted(&self, sess: &Session) -> Result<(), &'static str>;
+
+    /// Check that feature is correctly enabled/disabled by command line flag (emits warnings)
+    fn verify_feature_enabled_by_flag(&self, sess: &Session, enable: bool, feature: &str);
+}
+
+impl StabilityExt for Stability {
+    fn is_toggle_permitted(&self, sess: &Session) -> Result<(), &'static str> {
+        match self {
+            Stability::Forbidden { reason } => Err(reason),
+            Stability::TargetModifierOnly { reason, flag } => {
+                if !sess.opts.target_feature_flag_enabled(*flag) { Err(reason) } else { Ok(()) }
+            }
+            _ => Ok(()),
+        }
+    }
+    fn verify_feature_enabled_by_flag(&self, sess: &Session, enable: bool, feature: &str) {
+        if let Err(reason) = self.is_toggle_permitted(sess) {
+            sess.dcx().emit_warn(ForbiddenCTargetFeature {
+                feature,
+                enabled: if enable { "enabled" } else { "disabled" },
+                reason,
+            });
+        } else if self.requires_nightly().is_some() {
+            // An unstable feature. Warn about using it. It makes little sense
+            // to hard-error here since we just warn about fully unknown
+            // features above.
+            sess.dcx().emit_warn(UnstableCTargetFeature { feature });
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn retpoline_features_by_flags(sess: &Session, features: &mut Vec<&str>) {
+    // -Zretpoline without -Zretpoline-external-thunk enables
+    // retpoline-indirect-branches and retpoline-indirect-calls target features
+    let unstable_opts = &sess.opts.unstable_opts;
+    if unstable_opts.retpoline && !unstable_opts.retpoline_external_thunk {
+        features.push("+retpoline-indirect-branches");
+        features.push("+retpoline-indirect-calls");
+    }
+    // -Zretpoline-external-thunk (maybe, with -Zretpoline too) enables
+    // retpoline-external-thunk, retpoline-indirect-branches and
+    // retpoline-indirect-calls target features
+    if unstable_opts.retpoline_external_thunk {
+        features.push("+retpoline-external-thunk");
+        features.push("+retpoline-indirect-branches");
+        features.push("+retpoline-indirect-calls");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_session/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_session/src/lib.rs
index 5e5872ee068..4added19e56 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_session/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_session/src/lib.rs
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ pub use session::*;
 pub mod output;
 
 pub use getopts;
+pub mod features;
 
 rustc_fluent_macro::fluent_messages! { "../messages.ftl" }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_session/src/options.rs b/compiler/rustc_session/src/options.rs
index 12fa05118ca..6218521d4f0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_session/src/options.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_session/src/options.rs
@@ -290,6 +290,14 @@ macro_rules! top_level_options {
                 mods.sort_by(|a, b| a.opt.cmp(&b.opt));
                 mods
             }
+
+            pub fn target_feature_flag_enabled(&self, flag: &str) -> bool {
+                match flag {
+                    "retpoline" => self.unstable_opts.retpoline,
+                    "retpoline-external-thunk" => self.unstable_opts.retpoline_external_thunk,
+                    _ => false,
+                }
+            }
         }
     );
 }
@@ -2305,6 +2313,8 @@ options! {
         (space separated)"),
     macro_backtrace: bool = (false, parse_bool, [UNTRACKED],
         "show macro backtraces (default: no)"),
+    macro_stats: bool = (false, parse_bool, [UNTRACKED],
+        "print some statistics about macro expansions (default: no)"),
     maximal_hir_to_mir_coverage: bool = (false, parse_bool, [TRACKED],
         "save as much information as possible about the correspondence between MIR and HIR \
         as source scopes (default: no)"),
@@ -2446,6 +2456,11 @@ options! {
     remark_dir: Option<PathBuf> = (None, parse_opt_pathbuf, [UNTRACKED],
         "directory into which to write optimization remarks (if not specified, they will be \
 written to standard error output)"),
+    retpoline: bool = (false, parse_bool, [TRACKED TARGET_MODIFIER],
+        "enables retpoline-indirect-branches and retpoline-indirect-calls target features (default: no)"),
+    retpoline_external_thunk: bool = (false, parse_bool, [TRACKED TARGET_MODIFIER],
+        "enables retpoline-external-thunk, retpoline-indirect-branches and retpoline-indirect-calls \
+        target features (default: no)"),
     sanitizer: SanitizerSet = (SanitizerSet::empty(), parse_sanitizers, [TRACKED],
         "use a sanitizer"),
     sanitizer_cfi_canonical_jump_tables: Option<bool> = (Some(true), parse_opt_bool, [TRACKED],
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_session/src/parse.rs b/compiler/rustc_session/src/parse.rs
index 1fe521bd32d..87c848cf857 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_session/src/parse.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_session/src/parse.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use rustc_feature::{GateIssue, UnstableFeatures, find_feature_issue};
 use rustc_span::edition::Edition;
 use rustc_span::hygiene::ExpnId;
 use rustc_span::source_map::{FilePathMapping, SourceMap};
-use rustc_span::{Span, Symbol};
+use rustc_span::{Span, Symbol, sym};
 
 use crate::Session;
 use crate::config::{Cfg, CheckCfg};
@@ -192,8 +192,11 @@ pub fn add_feature_diagnostics_for_issue<G: EmissionGuarantee>(
         } else {
             err.subdiagnostic(FeatureDiagnosticHelp { feature });
         }
-
-        if sess.opts.unstable_opts.ui_testing {
+        if feature == sym::rustc_attrs {
+            // We're unlikely to stabilize something out of `rustc_attrs`
+            // without at least renaming it, so pointing out how old
+            // the compiler is will do little good.
+        } else if sess.opts.unstable_opts.ui_testing {
             err.subdiagnostic(SuggestUpgradeCompiler::ui_testing());
         } else if let Some(suggestion) = SuggestUpgradeCompiler::new() {
             err.subdiagnostic(suggestion);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_smir/src/rustc_internal/internal.rs b/compiler/rustc_smir/src/rustc_internal/internal.rs
index 6e13b87c41d..a4c6f186222 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_smir/src/rustc_internal/internal.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_smir/src/rustc_internal/internal.rs
@@ -496,6 +496,7 @@ impl RustcInternal for Abi {
             Abi::RustCold => rustc_abi::ExternAbi::RustCold,
             Abi::RiscvInterruptM => rustc_abi::ExternAbi::RiscvInterruptM,
             Abi::RiscvInterruptS => rustc_abi::ExternAbi::RiscvInterruptS,
+            Abi::Custom => rustc_abi::ExternAbi::Custom,
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_smir/src/rustc_smir/context.rs b/compiler/rustc_smir/src/rustc_smir/context.rs
index bac5c9066f1..ef8c88355f6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_smir/src/rustc_smir/context.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_smir/src/rustc_smir/context.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use rustc_middle::ty::{
 };
 use rustc_middle::{mir, ty};
 use rustc_span::def_id::LOCAL_CRATE;
-use stable_mir::abi::{FnAbi, Layout, LayoutShape};
+use stable_mir::abi::{FnAbi, Layout, LayoutShape, ReprOptions};
 use stable_mir::mir::alloc::GlobalAlloc;
 use stable_mir::mir::mono::{InstanceDef, StaticDef};
 use stable_mir::mir::{BinOp, Body, Place, UnOp};
@@ -397,6 +397,13 @@ impl<'tcx> SmirCtxt<'tcx> {
         tables.tcx.is_lang_item(def_id, LangItem::CStr)
     }
 
+    /// Returns the representation options for this ADT
+    pub fn adt_repr(&self, def: AdtDef) -> ReprOptions {
+        let mut tables = self.0.borrow_mut();
+        let tcx = tables.tcx;
+        def.internal(&mut *tables, tcx).repr().stable(&mut *tables)
+    }
+
     /// Retrieve the function signature for the given generic arguments.
     pub fn fn_sig(&self, def: FnDef, args: &GenericArgs) -> PolyFnSig {
         let mut tables = self.0.borrow_mut();
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_smir/src/rustc_smir/convert/abi.rs b/compiler/rustc_smir/src/rustc_smir/convert/abi.rs
index 64901ee0502..35d5b7fb89a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_smir/src/rustc_smir/convert/abi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_smir/src/rustc_smir/convert/abi.rs
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ use rustc_abi::{ArmCall, CanonAbi, InterruptKind, X86Call};
 use rustc_middle::ty;
 use rustc_target::callconv;
 use stable_mir::abi::{
-    AddressSpace, ArgAbi, CallConvention, FieldsShape, FloatLength, FnAbi, IntegerLength, Layout,
-    LayoutShape, PassMode, Primitive, Scalar, TagEncoding, TyAndLayout, ValueAbi, VariantsShape,
-    WrappingRange,
+    AddressSpace, ArgAbi, CallConvention, FieldsShape, FloatLength, FnAbi, IntegerLength,
+    IntegerType, Layout, LayoutShape, PassMode, Primitive, ReprFlags, ReprOptions, Scalar,
+    TagEncoding, TyAndLayout, ValueAbi, VariantsShape, WrappingRange,
 };
 use stable_mir::opaque;
 use stable_mir::target::MachineSize as Size;
@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Stable<'tcx> for CanonAbi {
             CanonAbi::C => CallConvention::C,
             CanonAbi::Rust => CallConvention::Rust,
             CanonAbi::RustCold => CallConvention::Cold,
+            CanonAbi::Custom => CallConvention::Custom,
             CanonAbi::Arm(arm_call) => match arm_call {
                 ArmCall::Aapcs => CallConvention::ArmAapcs,
                 ArmCall::CCmseNonSecureCall => CallConvention::CCmseNonSecureCall,
@@ -310,3 +311,42 @@ impl<'tcx> Stable<'tcx> for rustc_abi::WrappingRange {
         WrappingRange { start: self.start, end: self.end }
     }
 }
+
+impl<'tcx> Stable<'tcx> for rustc_abi::ReprFlags {
+    type T = ReprFlags;
+
+    fn stable(&self, _tables: &mut Tables<'_>) -> Self::T {
+        ReprFlags {
+            is_simd: self.intersects(Self::IS_SIMD),
+            is_c: self.intersects(Self::IS_C),
+            is_transparent: self.intersects(Self::IS_TRANSPARENT),
+            is_linear: self.intersects(Self::IS_LINEAR),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'tcx> Stable<'tcx> for rustc_abi::IntegerType {
+    type T = IntegerType;
+
+    fn stable(&self, tables: &mut Tables<'_>) -> Self::T {
+        match self {
+            rustc_abi::IntegerType::Pointer(signed) => IntegerType::Pointer { is_signed: *signed },
+            rustc_abi::IntegerType::Fixed(integer, signed) => {
+                IntegerType::Fixed { length: integer.stable(tables), is_signed: *signed }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'tcx> Stable<'tcx> for rustc_abi::ReprOptions {
+    type T = ReprOptions;
+
+    fn stable(&self, tables: &mut Tables<'_>) -> Self::T {
+        ReprOptions {
+            int: self.int.map(|int| int.stable(tables)),
+            align: self.align.map(|align| align.stable(tables)),
+            pack: self.pack.map(|pack| pack.stable(tables)),
+            flags: self.flags.stable(tables),
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_smir/src/rustc_smir/convert/ty.rs b/compiler/rustc_smir/src/rustc_smir/convert/ty.rs
index b0c9dba78a6..6a26f5f7997 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_smir/src/rustc_smir/convert/ty.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_smir/src/rustc_smir/convert/ty.rs
@@ -879,6 +879,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Stable<'tcx> for rustc_abi::ExternAbi {
             ExternAbi::RustCold => Abi::RustCold,
             ExternAbi::RiscvInterruptM => Abi::RiscvInterruptM,
             ExternAbi::RiscvInterruptS => Abi::RiscvInterruptS,
+            ExternAbi::Custom => Abi::Custom,
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_smir/src/stable_mir/abi.rs b/compiler/rustc_smir/src/stable_mir/abi.rs
index 3842cb7e653..d8a2b97662c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_smir/src/stable_mir/abi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_smir/src/stable_mir/abi.rs
@@ -430,6 +430,8 @@ pub enum CallConvention {
     PreserveMost,
     PreserveAll,
 
+    Custom,
+
     // Target-specific calling conventions.
     ArmAapcs,
     CCmseNonSecureCall,
@@ -455,3 +457,38 @@ pub enum CallConvention {
 
     RiscvInterrupt,
 }
+
+#[non_exhaustive]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Debug, Serialize)]
+pub struct ReprFlags {
+    pub is_simd: bool,
+    pub is_c: bool,
+    pub is_transparent: bool,
+    pub is_linear: bool,
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Debug, Serialize)]
+pub enum IntegerType {
+    /// Pointer-sized integer type, i.e. `isize` and `usize`.
+    Pointer {
+        /// Signedness. e.g. `true` for `isize`
+        is_signed: bool,
+    },
+    /// Fixed-sized integer type, e.g. `i8`, `u32`, `i128`.
+    Fixed {
+        /// Length of this integer type. e.g. `IntegerLength::I8` for `u8`.
+        length: IntegerLength,
+        /// Signedness. e.g. `false` for `u8`
+        is_signed: bool,
+    },
+}
+
+/// Representation options provided by the user
+#[non_exhaustive]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Debug, Serialize)]
+pub struct ReprOptions {
+    pub int: Option<IntegerType>,
+    pub align: Option<Align>,
+    pub pack: Option<Align>,
+    pub flags: ReprFlags,
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_smir/src/stable_mir/compiler_interface.rs b/compiler/rustc_smir/src/stable_mir/compiler_interface.rs
index bb35e23a728..3967ad13eeb 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_smir/src/stable_mir/compiler_interface.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_smir/src/stable_mir/compiler_interface.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 use std::cell::Cell;
 
 use rustc_smir::context::SmirCtxt;
-use stable_mir::abi::{FnAbi, Layout, LayoutShape};
+use stable_mir::abi::{FnAbi, Layout, LayoutShape, ReprOptions};
 use stable_mir::crate_def::Attribute;
 use stable_mir::mir::alloc::{AllocId, GlobalAlloc};
 use stable_mir::mir::mono::{Instance, InstanceDef, StaticDef};
@@ -200,6 +200,11 @@ impl<'tcx> SmirInterface<'tcx> {
         self.cx.adt_is_cstr(def)
     }
 
+    /// Returns the representation options for this ADT
+    pub(crate) fn adt_repr(&self, def: AdtDef) -> ReprOptions {
+        self.cx.adt_repr(def)
+    }
+
     /// Retrieve the function signature for the given generic arguments.
     pub(crate) fn fn_sig(&self, def: FnDef, args: &GenericArgs) -> PolyFnSig {
         self.cx.fn_sig(def, args)
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_smir/src/stable_mir/ty.rs b/compiler/rustc_smir/src/stable_mir/ty.rs
index e331e593471..2934af31cd5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_smir/src/stable_mir/ty.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_smir/src/stable_mir/ty.rs
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ use stable_mir::mir::mono::StaticDef;
 use stable_mir::target::MachineInfo;
 use stable_mir::{Filename, Opaque};
 
+use super::abi::ReprOptions;
 use super::mir::{Body, Mutability, Safety};
 use super::{DefId, Error, Symbol, with};
 use crate::stable_mir;
@@ -742,6 +743,14 @@ crate_def! {
     pub ClosureDef;
 }
 
+impl ClosureDef {
+    /// Retrieves the body of the closure definition. Returns None if the body
+    /// isn't available.
+    pub fn body(&self) -> Option<Body> {
+        with(|ctx| ctx.has_body(self.0).then(|| ctx.mir_body(self.0)))
+    }
+}
+
 crate_def! {
     #[derive(Serialize)]
     pub CoroutineDef;
@@ -818,6 +827,10 @@ impl AdtDef {
     pub fn variant(&self, idx: VariantIdx) -> Option<VariantDef> {
         (idx.to_index() < self.num_variants()).then_some(VariantDef { idx, adt_def: *self })
     }
+
+    pub fn repr(&self) -> ReprOptions {
+        with(|cx| cx.adt_repr(*self))
+    }
 }
 
 /// Definition of a variant, which can be either a struct / union field or an enum variant.
@@ -1098,6 +1111,7 @@ pub enum Abi {
     RustCold,
     RiscvInterruptM,
     RiscvInterruptS,
+    Custom,
 }
 
 /// A binder represents a possibly generic type and its bound vars.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_span/src/hygiene.rs b/compiler/rustc_span/src/hygiene.rs
index b621920d62b..315dedec107 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_span/src/hygiene.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_span/src/hygiene.rs
@@ -1135,7 +1135,7 @@ impl ExpnKind {
 }
 
 /// The kind of macro invocation or definition.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Encodable, Decodable, Hash, Debug)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Encodable, Decodable, Hash, Debug)]
 #[derive(HashStable_Generic)]
 pub enum MacroKind {
     /// A bang macro `foo!()`.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs b/compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs
index d66f98871b9..cb9ccf4cc3f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs
@@ -407,6 +407,7 @@ symbols! {
         abi_amdgpu_kernel,
         abi_avr_interrupt,
         abi_c_cmse_nonsecure_call,
+        abi_custom,
         abi_efiapi,
         abi_gpu_kernel,
         abi_msp430_interrupt,
@@ -429,6 +430,8 @@ symbols! {
         aggregate_raw_ptr,
         alias,
         align,
+        align_of,
+        align_of_val,
         alignment,
         all,
         alloc,
@@ -1353,8 +1356,6 @@ symbols! {
         message,
         meta,
         metadata_type,
-        min_align_of,
-        min_align_of_val,
         min_const_fn,
         min_const_generics,
         min_const_unsafe_fn,
@@ -1512,6 +1513,7 @@ symbols! {
         offset_of_nested,
         offset_of_slice,
         ok_or_else,
+        old_name,
         omit_gdb_pretty_printer_section,
         on,
         on_unimplemented,
@@ -2288,6 +2290,7 @@ symbols! {
         usize_legacy_fn_max_value,
         usize_legacy_fn_min_value,
         usize_legacy_mod,
+        v1,
         v8plus,
         va_arg,
         va_copy,
@@ -2675,7 +2678,7 @@ impl Interner {
         assert_eq!(
             strings.len(),
             init.len() + extra.len(),
-            "`init` or `extra` contain duplicate symbols",
+            "there are duplicate symbols in the rustc symbol list and the extra symbols added by the driver",
         );
         Interner(Lock::new(InternerInner { arena: Default::default(), strings }))
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/asm/loongarch.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/asm/loongarch.rs
index b4ea6fc592a..8783d3953b1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/asm/loongarch.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/asm/loongarch.rs
@@ -34,11 +34,13 @@ impl LoongArchInlineAsmRegClass {
 
     pub fn supported_types(
         self,
-        _arch: InlineAsmArch,
+        arch: InlineAsmArch,
     ) -> &'static [(InlineAsmType, Option<Symbol>)] {
-        match self {
-            Self::reg => types! { _: I8, I16, I32, I64, F32, F64; },
-            Self::freg => types! { f: F32; d: F64; },
+        match (self, arch) {
+            (Self::reg, InlineAsmArch::LoongArch64) => types! { _: I8, I16, I32, I64, F32, F64; },
+            (Self::reg, InlineAsmArch::LoongArch32) => types! { _: I8, I16, I32, F32; },
+            (Self::freg, _) => types! { f: F32; d: F64; },
+            _ => unreachable!("unsupported register class"),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/abi_map.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/abi_map.rs
index c4978a8e52a..4659bbdb890 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/abi_map.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/abi_map.rs
@@ -71,6 +71,8 @@ impl AbiMap {
             (ExternAbi::RustCold, _) if self.os == OsKind::Windows => CanonAbi::Rust,
             (ExternAbi::RustCold, _) => CanonAbi::RustCold,
 
+            (ExternAbi::Custom, _) => CanonAbi::Custom,
+
             (ExternAbi::System { .. }, Arch::X86) if os == OsKind::Windows && !has_c_varargs => {
                 CanonAbi::X86(X86Call::Stdcall)
             }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/base/xtensa.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/base/xtensa.rs
index 47a532dfdd4..a7cc748973c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/base/xtensa.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/base/xtensa.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ pub(crate) fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
     TargetOptions {
         os: "none".into(),
         endian: Endian::Little,
-        c_int_width: "32".into(),
+        c_int_width: 32,
         linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor::Gnu(Cc::Yes, Lld::No),
         executables: true,
         panic_strategy: PanicStrategy::Abort,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/json.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/json.rs
index 039056a5a25..6c716f87125 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/json.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/json.rs
@@ -80,6 +80,12 @@ impl Target {
                     base.$key_name = s;
                 }
             } );
+            ($key_name:ident = $json_name:expr, u64 as $int_ty:ty) => ( {
+                let name = $json_name;
+                if let Some(s) = obj.remove(name).and_then(|b| b.as_u64()) {
+                    base.$key_name = s as $int_ty;
+                }
+            } );
             ($key_name:ident, bool) => ( {
                 let name = (stringify!($key_name)).replace("_", "-");
                 if let Some(s) = obj.remove(&name).and_then(|b| b.as_bool()) {
@@ -554,7 +560,7 @@ impl Target {
             }
         }
 
-        key!(c_int_width = "target-c-int-width");
+        key!(c_int_width = "target-c-int-width", u64 as u16);
         key!(c_enum_min_bits, Option<u64>); // if None, matches c_int_width
         key!(os);
         key!(env);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mod.rs
index 6ceb5e80f21..c360fe63a00 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mod.rs
@@ -2213,18 +2213,10 @@ impl Target {
             });
         }
 
-        dl.c_enum_min_size = self
-            .c_enum_min_bits
-            .map_or_else(
-                || {
-                    self.c_int_width
-                        .parse()
-                        .map_err(|_| String::from("failed to parse c_int_width"))
-                },
-                Ok,
-            )
-            .and_then(|i| Integer::from_size(Size::from_bits(i)))
-            .map_err(|err| TargetDataLayoutErrors::InvalidBitsSize { err })?;
+        dl.c_enum_min_size = Integer::from_size(Size::from_bits(
+            self.c_enum_min_bits.unwrap_or(self.c_int_width as _),
+        ))
+        .map_err(|err| TargetDataLayoutErrors::InvalidBitsSize { err })?;
 
         Ok(dl)
     }
@@ -2286,7 +2278,7 @@ pub struct TargetOptions {
     /// Used as the `target_endian` `cfg` variable. Defaults to little endian.
     pub endian: Endian,
     /// Width of c_int type. Defaults to "32".
-    pub c_int_width: StaticCow<str>,
+    pub c_int_width: u16,
     /// OS name to use for conditional compilation (`target_os`). Defaults to "none".
     /// "none" implies a bare metal target without `std` library.
     /// A couple of targets having `std` also use "unknown" as an `os` value,
@@ -2783,7 +2775,7 @@ impl Default for TargetOptions {
     fn default() -> TargetOptions {
         TargetOptions {
             endian: Endian::Little,
-            c_int_width: "32".into(),
+            c_int_width: 32,
             os: "none".into(),
             env: "".into(),
             abi: "".into(),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/armv7_sony_vita_newlibeabihf.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/armv7_sony_vita_newlibeabihf.rs
index 6a83835059e..4902dc37d13 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/armv7_sony_vita_newlibeabihf.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/armv7_sony_vita_newlibeabihf.rs
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ pub(crate) fn target() -> Target {
         options: TargetOptions {
             os: "vita".into(),
             endian: Endian::Little,
-            c_int_width: "32".into(),
+            c_int_width: 32,
             env: "newlib".into(),
             vendor: "sony".into(),
             abi: "eabihf".into(),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/avr_none.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/avr_none.rs
index 91d3197d099..07ed2a37803 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/avr_none.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/avr_none.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ pub(crate) fn target() -> Target {
         llvm_target: "avr-unknown-unknown".into(),
         pointer_width: 16,
         options: TargetOptions {
-            c_int_width: "16".into(),
+            c_int_width: 16,
             exe_suffix: ".elf".into(),
             linker: Some("avr-gcc".into()),
             eh_frame_header: false,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/msp430_none_elf.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/msp430_none_elf.rs
index b067ac1e54a..caf77bb8669 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/msp430_none_elf.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/msp430_none_elf.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ pub(crate) fn target() -> Target {
         arch: "msp430".into(),
 
         options: TargetOptions {
-            c_int_width: "16".into(),
+            c_int_width: 16,
 
             // The LLVM backend currently can't generate object files. To
             // workaround this LLVM generates assembly files which then we feed
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/xtensa_esp32_espidf.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/xtensa_esp32_espidf.rs
index c5b4d472fad..8a6773811e8 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/xtensa_esp32_espidf.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/xtensa_esp32_espidf.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ pub(crate) fn target() -> Target {
 
         options: TargetOptions {
             endian: Endian::Little,
-            c_int_width: "32".into(),
+            c_int_width: 32,
             families: cvs!["unix"],
             os: "espidf".into(),
             env: "newlib".into(),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/xtensa_esp32s2_espidf.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/xtensa_esp32s2_espidf.rs
index cffdaa90727..f38d771f257 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/xtensa_esp32s2_espidf.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/xtensa_esp32s2_espidf.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ pub(crate) fn target() -> Target {
 
         options: TargetOptions {
             endian: Endian::Little,
-            c_int_width: "32".into(),
+            c_int_width: 32,
             families: cvs!["unix"],
             os: "espidf".into(),
             env: "newlib".into(),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/xtensa_esp32s3_espidf.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/xtensa_esp32s3_espidf.rs
index 2e4afc00541..4ec6e319fd4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/xtensa_esp32s3_espidf.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/xtensa_esp32s3_espidf.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ pub(crate) fn target() -> Target {
 
         options: TargetOptions {
             endian: Endian::Little,
-            c_int_width: "32".into(),
+            c_int_width: 32,
             families: cvs!["unix"],
             os: "espidf".into(),
             env: "newlib".into(),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/target_features.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/target_features.rs
index c1f128fdc87..a1eac1fba25 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/target_features.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/target_features.rs
@@ -34,6 +34,9 @@ pub enum Stability {
     /// particular for features are actually ABI configuration flags (not all targets are as nice as
     /// RISC-V and have an explicit way to set the ABI separate from target features).
     Forbidden { reason: &'static str },
+    /// This feature can not be set via `-Ctarget-feature` or `#[target_feature]`, it can only be set
+    /// by target modifier flag. Target modifier flags are tracked to be consistent in linked modules.
+    TargetModifierOnly { reason: &'static str, flag: &'static str },
 }
 use Stability::*;
 
@@ -49,6 +52,7 @@ impl<CTX> HashStable<CTX> for Stability {
             Stability::Forbidden { reason } => {
                 reason.hash_stable(hcx, hasher);
             }
+            Stability::TargetModifierOnly { .. } => {}
         }
     }
 }
@@ -74,16 +78,7 @@ impl Stability {
             Stability::Unstable(nightly_feature) => Some(nightly_feature),
             Stability::Stable { .. } => None,
             Stability::Forbidden { .. } => panic!("forbidden features should not reach this far"),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns whether the feature may be toggled via `#[target_feature]` or `-Ctarget-feature`.
-    /// (It might still be nightly-only even if this returns `true`, so make sure to also check
-    /// `requires_nightly`.)
-    pub fn toggle_allowed(&self) -> Result<(), &'static str> {
-        match self {
-            Stability::Forbidden { reason } => Err(reason),
-            _ => Ok(()),
+            Stability::TargetModifierOnly { .. } => None,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -443,7 +438,7 @@ static X86_FEATURES: &[(&str, Stability, ImpliedFeatures)] = &[
     ("fma", Stable, &["avx"]),
     ("fxsr", Stable, &[]),
     ("gfni", Stable, &["sse2"]),
-    ("kl", Unstable(sym::keylocker_x86), &["sse2"]),
+    ("kl", Stable, &["sse2"]),
     ("lahfsahf", Unstable(sym::lahfsahf_target_feature), &[]),
     ("lzcnt", Stable, &[]),
     ("movbe", Stable, &[]),
@@ -453,11 +448,35 @@ static X86_FEATURES: &[(&str, Stability, ImpliedFeatures)] = &[
     ("prfchw", Unstable(sym::prfchw_target_feature), &[]),
     ("rdrand", Stable, &[]),
     ("rdseed", Stable, &[]),
+    (
+        "retpoline-external-thunk",
+        Stability::TargetModifierOnly {
+            reason: "use `retpoline-external-thunk` target modifier flag instead",
+            flag: "retpoline-external-thunk",
+        },
+        &[],
+    ),
+    (
+        "retpoline-indirect-branches",
+        Stability::TargetModifierOnly {
+            reason: "use `retpoline` target modifier flag instead",
+            flag: "retpoline",
+        },
+        &[],
+    ),
+    (
+        "retpoline-indirect-calls",
+        Stability::TargetModifierOnly {
+            reason: "use `retpoline` target modifier flag instead",
+            flag: "retpoline",
+        },
+        &[],
+    ),
     ("rtm", Unstable(sym::rtm_target_feature), &[]),
     ("sha", Stable, &["sse2"]),
-    ("sha512", Unstable(sym::sha512_sm_x86), &["avx2"]),
-    ("sm3", Unstable(sym::sha512_sm_x86), &["avx"]),
-    ("sm4", Unstable(sym::sha512_sm_x86), &["avx2"]),
+    ("sha512", Stable, &["avx2"]),
+    ("sm3", Stable, &["avx"]),
+    ("sm4", Stable, &["avx2"]),
     // This cannot actually be toggled, the ABI always fixes it, so it'd make little sense to
     // stabilize. It must be in this list for the ABI check to be able to use it.
     ("soft-float", Stability::Unstable(sym::x87_target_feature), &[]),
@@ -471,7 +490,7 @@ static X86_FEATURES: &[(&str, Stability, ImpliedFeatures)] = &[
     ("tbm", Unstable(sym::tbm_target_feature), &[]),
     ("vaes", Stable, &["avx2", "aes"]),
     ("vpclmulqdq", Stable, &["avx", "pclmulqdq"]),
-    ("widekl", Unstable(sym::keylocker_x86), &["kl"]),
+    ("widekl", Stable, &["kl"]),
     ("x87", Unstable(sym::x87_target_feature), &[]),
     ("xop", Unstable(sym::xop_target_feature), &[/*"fma4", */ "avx", "sse4a"]),
     ("xsave", Stable, &[]),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/error_reporting/traits/fulfillment_errors.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/error_reporting/traits/fulfillment_errors.rs
index fc5be111144..0c88bd3dcbc 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/error_reporting/traits/fulfillment_errors.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/error_reporting/traits/fulfillment_errors.rs
@@ -2558,32 +2558,31 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeErrCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                         rustc_transmute::Reason::SrcIsNotYetSupported => {
                             format!("analyzing the transmutability of `{src}` is not yet supported")
                         }
-
                         rustc_transmute::Reason::DstIsNotYetSupported => {
                             format!("analyzing the transmutability of `{dst}` is not yet supported")
                         }
-
                         rustc_transmute::Reason::DstIsBitIncompatible => {
                             format!(
                                 "at least one value of `{src}` isn't a bit-valid value of `{dst}`"
                             )
                         }
-
                         rustc_transmute::Reason::DstUninhabited => {
                             format!("`{dst}` is uninhabited")
                         }
-
                         rustc_transmute::Reason::DstMayHaveSafetyInvariants => {
                             format!("`{dst}` may carry safety invariants")
                         }
                         rustc_transmute::Reason::DstIsTooBig => {
                             format!("the size of `{src}` is smaller than the size of `{dst}`")
                         }
-                        rustc_transmute::Reason::DstRefIsTooBig { src, dst } => {
-                            let src_size = src.size;
-                            let dst_size = dst.size;
+                        rustc_transmute::Reason::DstRefIsTooBig {
+                            src,
+                            src_size,
+                            dst,
+                            dst_size,
+                        } => {
                             format!(
-                                "the referent size of `{src}` ({src_size} bytes) \
+                                "the size of `{src}` ({src_size} bytes) \
                         is smaller than that of `{dst}` ({dst_size} bytes)"
                             )
                         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/error_reporting/traits/on_unimplemented.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/error_reporting/traits/on_unimplemented.rs
index 37968386e9a..89dab90dc68 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/error_reporting/traits/on_unimplemented.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/error_reporting/traits/on_unimplemented.rs
@@ -810,7 +810,8 @@ impl<'tcx> OnUnimplementedFormatString {
 
         let mut result = Ok(());
 
-        match FormatString::parse(self.symbol, self.span, &ctx) {
+        let snippet = tcx.sess.source_map().span_to_snippet(self.span).ok();
+        match FormatString::parse(self.symbol, snippet, self.span, &ctx) {
             // Warnings about format specifiers, deprecated parameters, wrong parameters etc.
             // In other words we'd like to let the author know, but we can still try to format the string later
             Ok(FormatString { warnings, .. }) => {
@@ -848,34 +849,27 @@ impl<'tcx> OnUnimplementedFormatString {
                     }
                 }
             }
-            // Errors from the underlying `rustc_parse_format::Parser`
-            Err(errors) => {
+            // Error from the underlying `rustc_parse_format::Parser`
+            Err(e) => {
                 // we cannot return errors from processing the format string as hard error here
                 // as the diagnostic namespace guarantees that malformed input cannot cause an error
                 //
                 // if we encounter any error while processing we nevertheless want to show it as warning
                 // so that users are aware that something is not correct
-                for e in errors {
-                    if self.is_diagnostic_namespace_variant {
-                        if let Some(trait_def_id) = trait_def_id.as_local() {
-                            tcx.emit_node_span_lint(
-                                UNKNOWN_OR_MALFORMED_DIAGNOSTIC_ATTRIBUTES,
-                                tcx.local_def_id_to_hir_id(trait_def_id),
-                                self.span,
-                                WrappedParserError { description: e.description, label: e.label },
-                            );
-                        }
-                    } else {
-                        let reported = struct_span_code_err!(
-                            tcx.dcx(),
+                if self.is_diagnostic_namespace_variant {
+                    if let Some(trait_def_id) = trait_def_id.as_local() {
+                        tcx.emit_node_span_lint(
+                            UNKNOWN_OR_MALFORMED_DIAGNOSTIC_ATTRIBUTES,
+                            tcx.local_def_id_to_hir_id(trait_def_id),
                             self.span,
-                            E0231,
-                            "{}",
-                            e.description,
-                        )
-                        .emit();
-                        result = Err(reported);
+                            WrappedParserError { description: e.description, label: e.label },
+                        );
                     }
+                } else {
+                    let reported =
+                        struct_span_code_err!(tcx.dcx(), self.span, E0231, "{}", e.description,)
+                            .emit();
+                    result = Err(reported);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -896,7 +890,8 @@ impl<'tcx> OnUnimplementedFormatString {
             Ctx::RustcOnUnimplemented { tcx, trait_def_id }
         };
 
-        if let Ok(s) = FormatString::parse(self.symbol, self.span, &ctx) {
+        // No point passing a snippet here, we already did that in `verify`
+        if let Ok(s) = FormatString::parse(self.symbol, None, self.span, &ctx) {
             s.format(args)
         } else {
             // we cannot return errors from processing the format string as hard error here
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/error_reporting/traits/on_unimplemented_condition.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/error_reporting/traits/on_unimplemented_condition.rs
index e8ea9f2d23e..171d05230d4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/error_reporting/traits/on_unimplemented_condition.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/error_reporting/traits/on_unimplemented_condition.rs
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ enum LitOrArg {
 
 impl FilterFormatString {
     fn parse(input: Symbol) -> Self {
-        let pieces = Parser::new(input.as_str(), None, None, false, ParseMode::Format)
+        let pieces = Parser::new(input.as_str(), None, None, false, ParseMode::Diagnostic)
             .map(|p| match p {
                 Piece::Lit(s) => LitOrArg::Lit(s.to_owned()),
                 // We just ignore formatspecs here
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/error_reporting/traits/on_unimplemented_format.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/error_reporting/traits/on_unimplemented_format.rs
index 7c1dfc1728f..3e8b906fa93 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/error_reporting/traits/on_unimplemented_format.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/error_reporting/traits/on_unimplemented_format.rs
@@ -5,12 +5,11 @@ use errors::*;
 use rustc_middle::ty::print::TraitRefPrintSugared;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{GenericParamDefKind, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_parse_format::{
-    Alignment, Argument, Count, FormatSpec, ParseError, ParseMode, Parser, Piece as RpfPiece,
-    Position,
+    Argument, FormatSpec, ParseError, ParseMode, Parser, Piece as RpfPiece, Position,
 };
 use rustc_session::lint::builtin::UNKNOWN_OR_MALFORMED_DIAGNOSTIC_ATTRIBUTES;
 use rustc_span::def_id::DefId;
-use rustc_span::{BytePos, Pos, Span, Symbol, kw, sym};
+use rustc_span::{InnerSpan, Span, Symbol, kw, sym};
 
 /// Like [std::fmt::Arguments] this is a string that has been parsed into "pieces",
 /// either as string pieces or dynamic arguments.
@@ -160,32 +159,32 @@ impl FormatString {
 
     pub fn parse<'tcx>(
         input: Symbol,
+        snippet: Option<String>,
         span: Span,
         ctx: &Ctx<'tcx>,
-    ) -> Result<Self, Vec<ParseError>> {
+    ) -> Result<Self, ParseError> {
         let s = input.as_str();
-        let mut parser = Parser::new(s, None, None, false, ParseMode::Format);
-        let mut pieces = Vec::new();
+        let mut parser = Parser::new(s, None, snippet, false, ParseMode::Diagnostic);
+        let pieces: Vec<_> = parser.by_ref().collect();
+
+        if let Some(err) = parser.errors.into_iter().next() {
+            return Err(err);
+        }
         let mut warnings = Vec::new();
 
-        for piece in &mut parser {
-            match piece {
-                RpfPiece::Lit(lit) => {
-                    pieces.push(Piece::Lit(lit.into()));
-                }
+        let pieces = pieces
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|piece| match piece {
+                RpfPiece::Lit(lit) => Piece::Lit(lit.into()),
                 RpfPiece::NextArgument(arg) => {
-                    warn_on_format_spec(arg.format.clone(), &mut warnings, span);
-                    let arg = parse_arg(&arg, ctx, &mut warnings, span);
-                    pieces.push(Piece::Arg(arg));
+                    warn_on_format_spec(&arg.format, &mut warnings, span, parser.is_source_literal);
+                    let arg = parse_arg(&arg, ctx, &mut warnings, span, parser.is_source_literal);
+                    Piece::Arg(arg)
                 }
-            }
-        }
+            })
+            .collect();
 
-        if parser.errors.is_empty() {
-            Ok(FormatString { input, pieces, span, warnings })
-        } else {
-            Err(parser.errors)
-        }
+        Ok(FormatString { input, pieces, span, warnings })
     }
 
     pub fn format(&self, args: &FormatArgs<'_>) -> String {
@@ -229,11 +228,12 @@ fn parse_arg<'tcx>(
     ctx: &Ctx<'tcx>,
     warnings: &mut Vec<FormatWarning>,
     input_span: Span,
+    is_source_literal: bool,
 ) -> FormatArg {
     let (Ctx::RustcOnUnimplemented { tcx, trait_def_id }
     | Ctx::DiagnosticOnUnimplemented { tcx, trait_def_id }) = ctx;
 
-    let span = slice_span(input_span, arg.position_span.clone());
+    let span = slice_span(input_span, arg.position_span.clone(), is_source_literal);
 
     match arg.position {
         // Something like "hello {name}"
@@ -283,39 +283,24 @@ fn parse_arg<'tcx>(
 
 /// `#[rustc_on_unimplemented]` and `#[diagnostic::...]` don't actually do anything
 /// with specifiers, so emit a warning if they are used.
-fn warn_on_format_spec(spec: FormatSpec<'_>, warnings: &mut Vec<FormatWarning>, input_span: Span) {
-    if !matches!(
-        spec,
-        FormatSpec {
-            fill: None,
-            fill_span: None,
-            align: Alignment::AlignUnknown,
-            sign: None,
-            alternate: false,
-            zero_pad: false,
-            debug_hex: None,
-            precision: Count::CountImplied,
-            precision_span: None,
-            width: Count::CountImplied,
-            width_span: None,
-            ty: _,
-            ty_span: _,
-        },
-    ) {
-        let span = spec.ty_span.map(|inner| slice_span(input_span, inner)).unwrap_or(input_span);
+fn warn_on_format_spec(
+    spec: &FormatSpec<'_>,
+    warnings: &mut Vec<FormatWarning>,
+    input_span: Span,
+    is_source_literal: bool,
+) {
+    if spec.ty != "" {
+        let span = spec
+            .ty_span
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(|inner| slice_span(input_span, inner.clone(), is_source_literal))
+            .unwrap_or(input_span);
         warnings.push(FormatWarning::InvalidSpecifier { span, name: spec.ty.into() })
     }
 }
 
-fn slice_span(input: Span, range: Range<usize>) -> Span {
-    let span = input.data();
-
-    Span::new(
-        span.lo + BytePos::from_usize(range.start),
-        span.lo + BytePos::from_usize(range.end),
-        span.ctxt,
-        span.parent,
-    )
+fn slice_span(input: Span, Range { start, end }: Range<usize>, is_source_literal: bool) -> Span {
+    if is_source_literal { input.from_inner(InnerSpan { start, end }) } else { input }
 }
 
 pub mod errors {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/error_reporting/traits/suggestions.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/error_reporting/traits/suggestions.rs
index 68bd9440538..ee5a5b247ce 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/error_reporting/traits/suggestions.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/error_reporting/traits/suggestions.rs
@@ -2995,9 +2995,6 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeErrCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                 if local {
                     err.note("all local variables must have a statically known size");
                 }
-                if !tcx.features().unsized_locals() {
-                    err.help("unsized locals are gated as an unstable feature");
-                }
             }
             ObligationCauseCode::SizedArgumentType(hir_id) => {
                 let mut ty = None;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/errors.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/errors.rs
index 06f81ac554e..7bf49056e29 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/errors.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/errors.rs
@@ -759,7 +759,8 @@ pub enum ExplicitLifetimeRequired<'a> {
         #[suggestion(
             trait_selection_explicit_lifetime_required_sugg_with_ident,
             code = "{new_ty}",
-            applicability = "unspecified"
+            applicability = "unspecified",
+            style = "verbose"
         )]
         new_ty_span: Span,
         #[skip_arg]
@@ -774,7 +775,8 @@ pub enum ExplicitLifetimeRequired<'a> {
         #[suggestion(
             trait_selection_explicit_lifetime_required_sugg_with_param_type,
             code = "{new_ty}",
-            applicability = "unspecified"
+            applicability = "unspecified",
+            style = "verbose"
         )]
         new_ty_span: Span,
         #[skip_arg]
@@ -1462,7 +1464,8 @@ pub enum SuggestAccessingField<'a> {
     #[suggestion(
         trait_selection_suggest_accessing_field,
         code = "{snippet}.{name}",
-        applicability = "maybe-incorrect"
+        applicability = "maybe-incorrect",
+        style = "verbose"
     )]
     Safe {
         #[primary_span]
@@ -1474,7 +1477,8 @@ pub enum SuggestAccessingField<'a> {
     #[suggestion(
         trait_selection_suggest_accessing_field,
         code = "unsafe {{ {snippet}.{name} }}",
-        applicability = "maybe-incorrect"
+        applicability = "maybe-incorrect",
+        style = "verbose"
     )]
     Unsafe {
         #[primary_span]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/inspect/analyse.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/inspect/analyse.rs
index d5d318ee490..b0c8fa1f217 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/inspect/analyse.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/inspect/analyse.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@
 
 use std::assert_matches::assert_matches;
 
-use rustc_infer::infer::{DefineOpaqueTypes, InferCtxt, InferOk};
+use rustc_infer::infer::InferCtxt;
+use rustc_infer::traits::Obligation;
 use rustc_macros::extension;
 use rustc_middle::traits::ObligationCause;
 use rustc_middle::traits::solve::{Certainty, Goal, GoalSource, NoSolution, QueryResult};
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ use rustc_middle::{bug, ty};
 use rustc_next_trait_solver::resolve::eager_resolve_vars;
 use rustc_next_trait_solver::solve::inspect::{self, instantiate_canonical_state};
 use rustc_next_trait_solver::solve::{GenerateProofTree, MaybeCause, SolverDelegateEvalExt as _};
-use rustc_span::{DUMMY_SP, Span};
+use rustc_span::Span;
 use tracing::instrument;
 
 use crate::solve::delegate::SolverDelegate;
@@ -60,28 +61,29 @@ impl<'tcx> NormalizesToTermHack<'tcx> {
     /// Relate the `term` with the new `unconstrained_term` created
     /// when computing the proof tree for this `NormalizesTo` goals.
     /// This handles nested obligations.
-    fn constrain(
-        self,
+    fn constrain_and(
+        &self,
         infcx: &InferCtxt<'tcx>,
         span: Span,
         param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
+        f: impl FnOnce(&ObligationCtxt<'_, 'tcx>),
     ) -> Result<Certainty, NoSolution> {
-        infcx
-            .at(&ObligationCause::dummy_with_span(span), param_env)
-            .eq(DefineOpaqueTypes::Yes, self.term, self.unconstrained_term)
-            .map_err(|_| NoSolution)
-            .and_then(|InferOk { value: (), obligations }| {
-                let ocx = ObligationCtxt::new(infcx);
-                ocx.register_obligations(obligations);
-                let errors = ocx.select_all_or_error();
-                if errors.is_empty() {
-                    Ok(Certainty::Yes)
-                } else if errors.iter().all(|e| !e.is_true_error()) {
-                    Ok(Certainty::AMBIGUOUS)
-                } else {
-                    Err(NoSolution)
-                }
-            })
+        let ocx = ObligationCtxt::new(infcx);
+        ocx.eq(
+            &ObligationCause::dummy_with_span(span),
+            param_env,
+            self.term,
+            self.unconstrained_term,
+        )?;
+        f(&ocx);
+        let errors = ocx.select_all_or_error();
+        if errors.is_empty() {
+            Ok(Certainty::Yes)
+        } else if errors.iter().all(|e| !e.is_true_error()) {
+            Ok(Certainty::AMBIGUOUS)
+        } else {
+            Err(NoSolution)
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -160,11 +162,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InspectCandidate<'a, 'tcx> {
         let () =
             instantiate_canonical_state(infcx, span, param_env, &mut orig_values, self.final_state);
 
-        if let Some(term_hack) = self.goal.normalizes_to_term_hack {
+        if let Some(term_hack) = &self.goal.normalizes_to_term_hack {
             // FIXME: We ignore the expected term of `NormalizesTo` goals
             // when computing the result of its candidates. This is
             // scuffed.
-            let _ = term_hack.constrain(infcx, span, param_env);
+            let _ = term_hack.constrain_and(infcx, span, param_env, |_| {});
         }
 
         instantiated_goals
@@ -240,13 +242,39 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InspectCandidate<'a, 'tcx> {
                 // building their proof tree, the expected term was unconstrained, but when
                 // instantiating the candidate it is already constrained to the result of another
                 // candidate.
-                let proof_tree = infcx
-                    .probe(|_| infcx.evaluate_root_goal_raw(goal, GenerateProofTree::Yes, None).1);
+                let normalizes_to_term_hack = NormalizesToTermHack { term, unconstrained_term };
+                let (proof_tree, nested_goals_result) = infcx.probe(|_| {
+                    // Here, if we have any nested goals, then we make sure to apply them
+                    // considering the constrained RHS, and pass the resulting certainty to
+                    // `InspectGoal::new` so that the goal has the right result (and maintains
+                    // the impression that we don't do this normalizes-to infer hack at all).
+                    let (nested, proof_tree) =
+                        infcx.evaluate_root_goal_raw(goal, GenerateProofTree::Yes, None);
+                    let proof_tree = proof_tree.unwrap();
+                    let nested_goals_result = nested.and_then(|(nested, _)| {
+                        normalizes_to_term_hack.constrain_and(
+                            infcx,
+                            span,
+                            proof_tree.uncanonicalized_goal.param_env,
+                            |ocx| {
+                                ocx.register_obligations(nested.0.into_iter().map(|(_, goal)| {
+                                    Obligation::new(
+                                        infcx.tcx,
+                                        ObligationCause::dummy_with_span(span),
+                                        goal.param_env,
+                                        goal.predicate,
+                                    )
+                                }));
+                            },
+                        )
+                    });
+                    (proof_tree, nested_goals_result)
+                });
                 InspectGoal::new(
                     infcx,
                     self.goal.depth + 1,
-                    proof_tree.unwrap(),
-                    Some(NormalizesToTermHack { term, unconstrained_term }),
+                    proof_tree,
+                    Some((normalizes_to_term_hack, nested_goals_result)),
                     source,
                 )
             }
@@ -393,20 +421,21 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InspectGoal<'a, 'tcx> {
         infcx: &'a InferCtxt<'tcx>,
         depth: usize,
         root: inspect::GoalEvaluation<TyCtxt<'tcx>>,
-        normalizes_to_term_hack: Option<NormalizesToTermHack<'tcx>>,
+        term_hack_and_nested_certainty: Option<(
+            NormalizesToTermHack<'tcx>,
+            Result<Certainty, NoSolution>,
+        )>,
         source: GoalSource,
     ) -> Self {
         let infcx = <&SolverDelegate<'tcx>>::from(infcx);
 
         let inspect::GoalEvaluation { uncanonicalized_goal, orig_values, evaluation } = root;
+        // If there's a normalizes-to goal, AND the evaluation result with the result of
+        // constraining the normalizes-to RHS and computing the nested goals.
         let result = evaluation.result.and_then(|ok| {
-            if let Some(term_hack) = normalizes_to_term_hack {
-                infcx
-                    .probe(|_| term_hack.constrain(infcx, DUMMY_SP, uncanonicalized_goal.param_env))
-                    .map(|certainty| ok.value.certainty.and(certainty))
-            } else {
-                Ok(ok.value.certainty)
-            }
+            let nested_goals_certainty =
+                term_hack_and_nested_certainty.map_or(Ok(Certainty::Yes), |(_, c)| c)?;
+            Ok(ok.value.certainty.and(nested_goals_certainty))
         });
 
         InspectGoal {
@@ -416,7 +445,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InspectGoal<'a, 'tcx> {
             goal: eager_resolve_vars(infcx, uncanonicalized_goal),
             result,
             evaluation_kind: evaluation.kind,
-            normalizes_to_term_hack,
+            normalizes_to_term_hack: term_hack_and_nested_certainty.map(|(n, _)| n),
             source,
         }
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/dyn_compatibility.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/dyn_compatibility.rs
index 220a847cc23..47d207e8d41 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/dyn_compatibility.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/dyn_compatibility.rs
@@ -414,8 +414,8 @@ fn virtual_call_violations_for_method<'tcx>(
 
     let receiver_ty = tcx.liberate_late_bound_regions(method.def_id, sig.input(0));
 
-    // Until `unsized_locals` is fully implemented, `self: Self` can't be dispatched on.
-    // However, this is already considered dyn compatible. We allow it as a special case here.
+    // `self: Self` can't be dispatched on.
+    // However, this is considered dyn compatible. We allow it as a special case here.
     // FIXME(mikeyhew) get rid of this `if` statement once `receiver_is_dispatchable` allows
     // `Receiver: Unsize<Receiver[Self => dyn Trait]>`.
     if receiver_ty != tcx.types.self_param {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/normalize.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/normalize.rs
index eb6d5c8a60a..35a43b294ee 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/normalize.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/normalize.rs
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ impl<'tcx> At<'_, 'tcx> {
     /// same goals in both a temporary and the shared context which negatively impacts
     /// performance as these don't share caching.
     ///
-    /// FIXME(-Znext-solver): For performance reasons, we currently reuse an existing
+    /// FIXME(-Znext-solver=no): For performance reasons, we currently reuse an existing
     /// fulfillment context in the old solver. Once we have removed the old solver, we
     /// can remove the `fulfill_cx` parameter on this function.
     fn deeply_normalize<T, E>(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/normalize.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/normalize.rs
index eb34cb10c68..a54eb80fedc 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/normalize.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/normalize.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use rustc_macros::extension;
 pub use rustc_middle::traits::query::NormalizationResult;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{
     self, FallibleTypeFolder, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeFoldable, TypeSuperFoldable, TypeSuperVisitable,
-    TypeVisitableExt, TypeVisitor, TypingMode,
+    TypeVisitable, TypeVisitableExt, TypeVisitor, TypingMode,
 };
 use rustc_span::DUMMY_SP;
 use tracing::{debug, info, instrument};
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ struct MaxEscapingBoundVarVisitor {
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> TypeVisitor<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for MaxEscapingBoundVarVisitor {
-    fn visit_binder<T: TypeFoldable<TyCtxt<'tcx>>>(&mut self, t: &ty::Binder<'tcx, T>) {
+    fn visit_binder<T: TypeVisitable<TyCtxt<'tcx>>>(&mut self, t: &ty::Binder<'tcx, T>) {
         self.outer_index.shift_in(1);
         t.super_visit_with(self);
         self.outer_index.shift_out(1);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/confirmation.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/confirmation.rs
index 7acf0f990d1..786afd7cf48 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/confirmation.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/confirmation.rs
@@ -9,13 +9,12 @@
 
 use std::ops::ControlFlow;
 
-use rustc_ast::Mutability;
 use rustc_data_structures::stack::ensure_sufficient_stack;
 use rustc_hir::lang_items::LangItem;
 use rustc_infer::infer::{DefineOpaqueTypes, HigherRankedType, InferOk};
 use rustc_infer::traits::ObligationCauseCode;
 use rustc_middle::traits::{BuiltinImplSource, SignatureMismatchData};
-use rustc_middle::ty::{self, GenericArgsRef, Ty, TyCtxt, Upcast, elaborate};
+use rustc_middle::ty::{self, GenericArgsRef, Region, Ty, TyCtxt, Upcast, elaborate};
 use rustc_middle::{bug, span_bug};
 use rustc_span::def_id::DefId;
 use thin_vec::thin_vec;
@@ -286,99 +285,12 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
     ) -> Result<PredicateObligations<'tcx>, SelectionError<'tcx>> {
         use rustc_transmute::{Answer, Assume, Condition};
 
-        /// Generate sub-obligations for reference-to-reference transmutations.
-        fn reference_obligations<'tcx>(
-            tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-            obligation: &PolyTraitObligation<'tcx>,
-            (src_lifetime, src_ty, src_mut): (ty::Region<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>, Mutability),
-            (dst_lifetime, dst_ty, dst_mut): (ty::Region<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>, Mutability),
-            assume: Assume,
-        ) -> PredicateObligations<'tcx> {
-            let make_transmute_obl = |src, dst| {
-                let transmute_trait = obligation.predicate.def_id();
-                let assume = obligation.predicate.skip_binder().trait_ref.args.const_at(2);
-                let trait_ref = ty::TraitRef::new(
-                    tcx,
-                    transmute_trait,
-                    [
-                        ty::GenericArg::from(dst),
-                        ty::GenericArg::from(src),
-                        ty::GenericArg::from(assume),
-                    ],
-                );
-                Obligation::with_depth(
-                    tcx,
-                    obligation.cause.clone(),
-                    obligation.recursion_depth + 1,
-                    obligation.param_env,
-                    trait_ref,
-                )
-            };
-
-            let make_freeze_obl = |ty| {
-                let trait_ref = ty::TraitRef::new(
-                    tcx,
-                    tcx.require_lang_item(LangItem::Freeze, obligation.cause.span),
-                    [ty::GenericArg::from(ty)],
-                );
-                Obligation::with_depth(
-                    tcx,
-                    obligation.cause.clone(),
-                    obligation.recursion_depth + 1,
-                    obligation.param_env,
-                    trait_ref,
-                )
-            };
-
-            let make_outlives_obl = |target, region| {
-                let outlives = ty::OutlivesPredicate(target, region);
-                Obligation::with_depth(
-                    tcx,
-                    obligation.cause.clone(),
-                    obligation.recursion_depth + 1,
-                    obligation.param_env,
-                    outlives,
-                )
-            };
-
-            // Given a transmutation from `&'a (mut) Src` and `&'dst (mut) Dst`,
-            // it is always the case that `Src` must be transmutable into `Dst`,
-            // and that that `'src` must outlive `'dst`.
-            let mut obls = PredicateObligations::with_capacity(1);
-            obls.push(make_transmute_obl(src_ty, dst_ty));
-            if !assume.lifetimes {
-                obls.push(make_outlives_obl(src_lifetime, dst_lifetime));
-            }
-
-            // Given a transmutation from `&Src`, both `Src` and `Dst` must be
-            // `Freeze`, otherwise, using the transmuted value could lead to
-            // data races.
-            if src_mut == Mutability::Not {
-                obls.extend([make_freeze_obl(src_ty), make_freeze_obl(dst_ty)])
-            }
-
-            // Given a transmutation into `&'dst mut Dst`, it also must be the
-            // case that `Dst` is transmutable into `Src`. For example,
-            // transmuting bool -> u8 is OK as long as you can't update that u8
-            // to be > 1, because you could later transmute the u8 back to a
-            // bool and get undefined behavior. It also must be the case that
-            // `'dst` lives exactly as long as `'src`.
-            if dst_mut == Mutability::Mut {
-                obls.push(make_transmute_obl(dst_ty, src_ty));
-                if !assume.lifetimes {
-                    obls.push(make_outlives_obl(dst_lifetime, src_lifetime));
-                }
-            }
-
-            obls
-        }
-
         /// Flatten the `Condition` tree into a conjunction of obligations.
         #[instrument(level = "debug", skip(tcx, obligation))]
         fn flatten_answer_tree<'tcx>(
             tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
             obligation: &PolyTraitObligation<'tcx>,
-            cond: Condition<rustc_transmute::layout::rustc::Ref<'tcx>>,
+            cond: Condition<Region<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>>,
             assume: Assume,
         ) -> PredicateObligations<'tcx> {
             match cond {
@@ -388,13 +300,50 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
                     .into_iter()
                     .flat_map(|cond| flatten_answer_tree(tcx, obligation, cond, assume))
                     .collect(),
-                Condition::IfTransmutable { src, dst } => reference_obligations(
-                    tcx,
-                    obligation,
-                    (src.lifetime, src.ty, src.mutability),
-                    (dst.lifetime, dst.ty, dst.mutability),
-                    assume,
-                ),
+                Condition::Immutable { ty } => {
+                    let trait_ref = ty::TraitRef::new(
+                        tcx,
+                        tcx.require_lang_item(LangItem::Freeze, obligation.cause.span),
+                        [ty::GenericArg::from(ty)],
+                    );
+                    thin_vec![Obligation::with_depth(
+                        tcx,
+                        obligation.cause.clone(),
+                        obligation.recursion_depth + 1,
+                        obligation.param_env,
+                        trait_ref,
+                    )]
+                }
+                Condition::Outlives { long, short } => {
+                    let outlives = ty::OutlivesPredicate(long, short);
+                    thin_vec![Obligation::with_depth(
+                        tcx,
+                        obligation.cause.clone(),
+                        obligation.recursion_depth + 1,
+                        obligation.param_env,
+                        outlives,
+                    )]
+                }
+                Condition::Transmutable { src, dst } => {
+                    let transmute_trait = obligation.predicate.def_id();
+                    let assume = obligation.predicate.skip_binder().trait_ref.args.const_at(2);
+                    let trait_ref = ty::TraitRef::new(
+                        tcx,
+                        transmute_trait,
+                        [
+                            ty::GenericArg::from(dst),
+                            ty::GenericArg::from(src),
+                            ty::GenericArg::from(assume),
+                        ],
+                    );
+                    thin_vec![Obligation::with_depth(
+                        tcx,
+                        obligation.cause.clone(),
+                        obligation.recursion_depth + 1,
+                        obligation.param_env,
+                        trait_ref,
+                    )]
+                }
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/mod.rs
index 3a2f9e8ca17..1b9b68fa980 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/mod.rs
@@ -1919,12 +1919,23 @@ impl<'tcx> SelectionContext<'_, 'tcx> {
         // impl `impl<T: ?Sized> Any for T { .. }`. This really shouldn't exist but is
         // necessary due to #57893. We again arbitrarily prefer the applicable candidate
         // with the lowest index.
+        //
+        // We do not want to use these impls to guide inference in case a user-written impl
+        // may also apply.
         let object_bound = candidates
             .iter()
             .filter_map(|c| if let ObjectCandidate(i) = c.candidate { Some(i) } else { None })
             .try_reduce(|c1, c2| if has_non_region_infer { None } else { Some(c1.min(c2)) });
         match object_bound {
-            Some(Some(index)) => return Some(ObjectCandidate(index)),
+            Some(Some(index)) => {
+                return if has_non_region_infer
+                    && candidates.iter().any(|c| matches!(c.candidate, ImplCandidate(_)))
+                {
+                    None
+                } else {
+                    Some(ObjectCandidate(index))
+                };
+            }
             Some(None) => {}
             None => return None,
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/util.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/util.rs
index 035fd38c48a..0723aebd5d2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/util.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/util.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::collections::{BTreeMap, VecDeque};
+use std::collections::VecDeque;
 
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashSet, FxIndexMap};
 use rustc_hir::LangItem;
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ use rustc_middle::bug;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{
     self, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeFoldable, TypeFolder, TypeSuperFoldable, TypeVisitableExt,
 };
+pub use rustc_next_trait_solver::placeholder::BoundVarReplacer;
 use rustc_span::Span;
 use smallvec::{SmallVec, smallvec};
 use tracing::debug;
@@ -212,158 +213,12 @@ pub fn with_replaced_escaping_bound_vars<
     }
 }
 
-pub struct BoundVarReplacer<'a, 'tcx> {
-    infcx: &'a InferCtxt<'tcx>,
-    // These three maps track the bound variable that were replaced by placeholders. It might be
-    // nice to remove these since we already have the `kind` in the placeholder; we really just need
-    // the `var` (but we *could* bring that into scope if we were to track them as we pass them).
-    mapped_regions: FxIndexMap<ty::PlaceholderRegion, ty::BoundRegion>,
-    mapped_types: FxIndexMap<ty::PlaceholderType, ty::BoundTy>,
-    mapped_consts: BTreeMap<ty::PlaceholderConst, ty::BoundVar>,
-    // The current depth relative to *this* folding, *not* the entire normalization. In other words,
-    // the depth of binders we've passed here.
-    current_index: ty::DebruijnIndex,
-    // The `UniverseIndex` of the binding levels above us. These are optional, since we are lazy:
-    // we don't actually create a universe until we see a bound var we have to replace.
-    universe_indices: &'a mut Vec<Option<ty::UniverseIndex>>,
-}
-
-impl<'a, 'tcx> BoundVarReplacer<'a, 'tcx> {
-    /// Returns `Some` if we *were* able to replace bound vars. If there are any bound vars that
-    /// use a binding level above `universe_indices.len()`, we fail.
-    pub fn replace_bound_vars<T: TypeFoldable<TyCtxt<'tcx>>>(
-        infcx: &'a InferCtxt<'tcx>,
-        universe_indices: &'a mut Vec<Option<ty::UniverseIndex>>,
-        value: T,
-    ) -> (
-        T,
-        FxIndexMap<ty::PlaceholderRegion, ty::BoundRegion>,
-        FxIndexMap<ty::PlaceholderType, ty::BoundTy>,
-        BTreeMap<ty::PlaceholderConst, ty::BoundVar>,
-    ) {
-        let mapped_regions: FxIndexMap<ty::PlaceholderRegion, ty::BoundRegion> =
-            FxIndexMap::default();
-        let mapped_types: FxIndexMap<ty::PlaceholderType, ty::BoundTy> = FxIndexMap::default();
-        let mapped_consts: BTreeMap<ty::PlaceholderConst, ty::BoundVar> = BTreeMap::new();
-
-        let mut replacer = BoundVarReplacer {
-            infcx,
-            mapped_regions,
-            mapped_types,
-            mapped_consts,
-            current_index: ty::INNERMOST,
-            universe_indices,
-        };
-
-        let value = value.fold_with(&mut replacer);
-
-        (value, replacer.mapped_regions, replacer.mapped_types, replacer.mapped_consts)
-    }
-
-    fn universe_for(&mut self, debruijn: ty::DebruijnIndex) -> ty::UniverseIndex {
-        let infcx = self.infcx;
-        let index =
-            self.universe_indices.len() + self.current_index.as_usize() - debruijn.as_usize() - 1;
-        let universe = self.universe_indices[index].unwrap_or_else(|| {
-            for i in self.universe_indices.iter_mut().take(index + 1) {
-                *i = i.or_else(|| Some(infcx.create_next_universe()))
-            }
-            self.universe_indices[index].unwrap()
-        });
-        universe
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'tcx> TypeFolder<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for BoundVarReplacer<'_, 'tcx> {
-    fn cx(&self) -> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
-        self.infcx.tcx
-    }
-
-    fn fold_binder<T: TypeFoldable<TyCtxt<'tcx>>>(
-        &mut self,
-        t: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
-    ) -> ty::Binder<'tcx, T> {
-        self.current_index.shift_in(1);
-        let t = t.super_fold_with(self);
-        self.current_index.shift_out(1);
-        t
-    }
-
-    fn fold_region(&mut self, r: ty::Region<'tcx>) -> ty::Region<'tcx> {
-        match r.kind() {
-            ty::ReBound(debruijn, _)
-                if debruijn.as_usize()
-                    >= self.current_index.as_usize() + self.universe_indices.len() =>
-            {
-                bug!(
-                    "Bound vars {r:#?} outside of `self.universe_indices`: {:#?}",
-                    self.universe_indices
-                );
-            }
-            ty::ReBound(debruijn, br) if debruijn >= self.current_index => {
-                let universe = self.universe_for(debruijn);
-                let p = ty::PlaceholderRegion { universe, bound: br };
-                self.mapped_regions.insert(p, br);
-                ty::Region::new_placeholder(self.infcx.tcx, p)
-            }
-            _ => r,
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn fold_ty(&mut self, t: Ty<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
-        match *t.kind() {
-            ty::Bound(debruijn, _)
-                if debruijn.as_usize() + 1
-                    > self.current_index.as_usize() + self.universe_indices.len() =>
-            {
-                bug!(
-                    "Bound vars {t:#?} outside of `self.universe_indices`: {:#?}",
-                    self.universe_indices
-                );
-            }
-            ty::Bound(debruijn, bound_ty) if debruijn >= self.current_index => {
-                let universe = self.universe_for(debruijn);
-                let p = ty::PlaceholderType { universe, bound: bound_ty };
-                self.mapped_types.insert(p, bound_ty);
-                Ty::new_placeholder(self.infcx.tcx, p)
-            }
-            _ if t.has_vars_bound_at_or_above(self.current_index) => t.super_fold_with(self),
-            _ => t,
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn fold_const(&mut self, ct: ty::Const<'tcx>) -> ty::Const<'tcx> {
-        match ct.kind() {
-            ty::ConstKind::Bound(debruijn, _)
-                if debruijn.as_usize() + 1
-                    > self.current_index.as_usize() + self.universe_indices.len() =>
-            {
-                bug!(
-                    "Bound vars {ct:#?} outside of `self.universe_indices`: {:#?}",
-                    self.universe_indices
-                );
-            }
-            ty::ConstKind::Bound(debruijn, bound_const) if debruijn >= self.current_index => {
-                let universe = self.universe_for(debruijn);
-                let p = ty::PlaceholderConst { universe, bound: bound_const };
-                self.mapped_consts.insert(p, bound_const);
-                ty::Const::new_placeholder(self.infcx.tcx, p)
-            }
-            _ => ct.super_fold_with(self),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn fold_predicate(&mut self, p: ty::Predicate<'tcx>) -> ty::Predicate<'tcx> {
-        if p.has_vars_bound_at_or_above(self.current_index) { p.super_fold_with(self) } else { p }
-    }
-}
-
 /// The inverse of [`BoundVarReplacer`]: replaces placeholders with the bound vars from which they came.
 pub struct PlaceholderReplacer<'a, 'tcx> {
     infcx: &'a InferCtxt<'tcx>,
     mapped_regions: FxIndexMap<ty::PlaceholderRegion, ty::BoundRegion>,
     mapped_types: FxIndexMap<ty::PlaceholderType, ty::BoundTy>,
-    mapped_consts: BTreeMap<ty::PlaceholderConst, ty::BoundVar>,
+    mapped_consts: FxIndexMap<ty::PlaceholderConst, ty::BoundVar>,
     universe_indices: &'a [Option<ty::UniverseIndex>],
     current_index: ty::DebruijnIndex,
 }
@@ -373,7 +228,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> PlaceholderReplacer<'a, 'tcx> {
         infcx: &'a InferCtxt<'tcx>,
         mapped_regions: FxIndexMap<ty::PlaceholderRegion, ty::BoundRegion>,
         mapped_types: FxIndexMap<ty::PlaceholderType, ty::BoundTy>,
-        mapped_consts: BTreeMap<ty::PlaceholderConst, ty::BoundVar>,
+        mapped_consts: FxIndexMap<ty::PlaceholderConst, ty::BoundVar>,
         universe_indices: &'a [Option<ty::UniverseIndex>],
         value: T,
     ) -> T {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_traits/src/codegen.rs b/compiler/rustc_traits/src/codegen.rs
index 88f02d16c7d..a0a1d454556 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_traits/src/codegen.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_traits/src/codegen.rs
@@ -58,7 +58,6 @@ pub(crate) fn codegen_select_candidate<'tcx>(
     // Currently, we use a fulfillment context to completely resolve
     // all nested obligations. This is because they can inform the
     // inference of the impl's type parameters.
-    // FIXME(-Znext-solver): Doesn't need diagnostics if new solver.
     let ocx = ObligationCtxt::new(&infcx);
     let impl_source = selection.map(|obligation| {
         ocx.register_obligation(obligation);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_transmute/src/layout/dfa.rs b/compiler/rustc_transmute/src/layout/dfa.rs
index 6d072c336af..6fc40ce42d8 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_transmute/src/layout/dfa.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_transmute/src/layout/dfa.rs
@@ -2,32 +2,35 @@ use std::fmt;
 use std::iter::Peekable;
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU32, Ordering};
 
-use super::{Byte, Ref, Tree, Uninhabited};
+use super::{Byte, Reference, Region, Tree, Type, Uninhabited};
 use crate::{Map, Set};
 
 #[derive(PartialEq)]
 #[cfg_attr(test, derive(Clone))]
-pub(crate) struct Dfa<R>
+pub(crate) struct Dfa<R, T>
 where
-    R: Ref,
+    R: Region,
+    T: Type,
 {
-    pub(crate) transitions: Map<State, Transitions<R>>,
+    pub(crate) transitions: Map<State, Transitions<R, T>>,
     pub(crate) start: State,
     pub(crate) accept: State,
 }
 
 #[derive(PartialEq, Clone, Debug)]
-pub(crate) struct Transitions<R>
+pub(crate) struct Transitions<R, T>
 where
-    R: Ref,
+    R: Region,
+    T: Type,
 {
     byte_transitions: EdgeSet<State>,
-    ref_transitions: Map<R, State>,
+    ref_transitions: Map<Reference<R, T>, State>,
 }
 
-impl<R> Default for Transitions<R>
+impl<R, T> Default for Transitions<R, T>
 where
-    R: Ref,
+    R: Region,
+    T: Type,
 {
     fn default() -> Self {
         Self { byte_transitions: EdgeSet::empty(), ref_transitions: Map::default() }
@@ -51,9 +54,10 @@ impl fmt::Debug for State {
     }
 }
 
-impl<R> Dfa<R>
+impl<R, T> Dfa<R, T>
 where
-    R: Ref,
+    R: Region,
+    T: Type,
 {
     #[cfg(test)]
     pub(crate) fn bool() -> Self {
@@ -64,7 +68,7 @@ where
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn unit() -> Self {
-        let transitions: Map<State, Transitions<R>> = Map::default();
+        let transitions: Map<State, Transitions<R, T>> = Map::default();
         let start = State::new();
         let accept = start;
 
@@ -78,21 +82,21 @@ where
         })
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn from_ref(r: R) -> Self {
+    pub(crate) fn from_ref(r: Reference<R, T>) -> Self {
         Self::from_transitions(|accept| Transitions {
             byte_transitions: EdgeSet::empty(),
             ref_transitions: [(r, accept)].into_iter().collect(),
         })
     }
 
-    fn from_transitions(f: impl FnOnce(State) -> Transitions<R>) -> Self {
+    fn from_transitions(f: impl FnOnce(State) -> Transitions<R, T>) -> Self {
         let start = State::new();
         let accept = State::new();
 
         Self { transitions: [(start, f(accept))].into_iter().collect(), start, accept }
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn from_tree(tree: Tree<!, R>) -> Result<Self, Uninhabited> {
+    pub(crate) fn from_tree(tree: Tree<!, R, T>) -> Result<Self, Uninhabited> {
         Ok(match tree {
             Tree::Byte(b) => Self::from_byte(b),
             Tree::Ref(r) => Self::from_ref(r),
@@ -125,7 +129,7 @@ where
         let start = self.start;
         let accept = other.accept;
 
-        let mut transitions: Map<State, Transitions<R>> = self.transitions;
+        let mut transitions: Map<State, Transitions<R, T>> = self.transitions;
 
         for (source, transition) in other.transitions {
             let fix_state = |state| if state == other.start { self.accept } else { state };
@@ -169,7 +173,7 @@ where
         };
 
         let start = mapped((Some(a.start), Some(b.start)));
-        let mut transitions: Map<State, Transitions<R>> = Map::default();
+        let mut transitions: Map<State, Transitions<R, T>> = Map::default();
         let empty_transitions = Transitions::default();
 
         struct WorkQueue {
@@ -257,7 +261,7 @@ where
             .flat_map(|transitions| transitions.byte_transitions.iter())
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn refs_from(&self, start: State) -> impl Iterator<Item = (R, State)> {
+    pub(crate) fn refs_from(&self, start: State) -> impl Iterator<Item = (Reference<R, T>, State)> {
         self.transitions
             .get(&start)
             .into_iter()
@@ -297,9 +301,10 @@ where
 }
 
 /// Serialize the DFA using the Graphviz DOT format.
-impl<R> fmt::Debug for Dfa<R>
+impl<R, T> fmt::Debug for Dfa<R, T>
 where
-    R: Ref,
+    R: Region,
+    T: Type,
 {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         writeln!(f, "digraph {{")?;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_transmute/src/layout/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_transmute/src/layout/mod.rs
index c08bf440734..acbce258f39 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_transmute/src/layout/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_transmute/src/layout/mod.rs
@@ -78,16 +78,41 @@ impl From<u8> for Byte {
     }
 }
 
+/// A reference, i.e., `&'region T` or `&'region mut T`.
+#[derive(Debug, Hash, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd, Clone, Copy)]
+pub(crate) struct Reference<R, T>
+where
+    R: Region,
+    T: Type,
+{
+    pub(crate) region: R,
+    pub(crate) is_mut: bool,
+    pub(crate) referent: T,
+    pub(crate) referent_size: usize,
+    pub(crate) referent_align: usize,
+}
+
+impl<R, T> fmt::Display for Reference<R, T>
+where
+    R: Region,
+    T: Type,
+{
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.write_str("&")?;
+        if self.is_mut {
+            f.write_str("mut ")?;
+        }
+        self.referent.fmt(f)
+    }
+}
+
 pub(crate) trait Def: Debug + Hash + Eq + PartialEq + Copy + Clone {
     fn has_safety_invariants(&self) -> bool;
 }
-pub trait Ref: Debug + Hash + Eq + PartialEq + Copy + Clone {
-    fn min_align(&self) -> usize;
 
-    fn size(&self) -> usize;
+pub(crate) trait Region: Debug + Hash + Eq + PartialEq + Copy + Clone {}
 
-    fn is_mutable(&self) -> bool;
-}
+pub(crate) trait Type: Debug + Hash + Eq + PartialEq + Copy + Clone {}
 
 impl Def for ! {
     fn has_safety_invariants(&self) -> bool {
@@ -95,79 +120,21 @@ impl Def for ! {
     }
 }
 
-impl Ref for ! {
-    fn min_align(&self) -> usize {
-        unreachable!()
-    }
-    fn size(&self) -> usize {
-        unreachable!()
-    }
-    fn is_mutable(&self) -> bool {
-        unreachable!()
-    }
-}
+impl Region for ! {}
 
-#[cfg(test)]
-impl<const N: usize> Ref for [(); N] {
-    fn min_align(&self) -> usize {
-        N
-    }
+impl Type for ! {}
 
-    fn size(&self) -> usize {
-        N
-    }
+#[cfg(test)]
+impl Region for usize {}
 
-    fn is_mutable(&self) -> bool {
-        false
-    }
-}
+#[cfg(test)]
+impl Type for () {}
 
 #[cfg(feature = "rustc")]
 pub mod rustc {
-    use std::fmt::{self, Write};
-
     use rustc_abi::Layout;
-    use rustc_middle::mir::Mutability;
     use rustc_middle::ty::layout::{HasTyCtxt, LayoutCx, LayoutError};
-    use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty};
-
-    /// A reference in the layout.
-    #[derive(Debug, Hash, Eq, PartialEq, Clone, Copy)]
-    pub struct Ref<'tcx> {
-        pub lifetime: ty::Region<'tcx>,
-        pub ty: Ty<'tcx>,
-        pub mutability: Mutability,
-        pub align: usize,
-        pub size: usize,
-    }
-
-    impl<'tcx> super::Ref for Ref<'tcx> {
-        fn min_align(&self) -> usize {
-            self.align
-        }
-
-        fn size(&self) -> usize {
-            self.size
-        }
-
-        fn is_mutable(&self) -> bool {
-            match self.mutability {
-                Mutability::Mut => true,
-                Mutability::Not => false,
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    impl<'tcx> Ref<'tcx> {}
-
-    impl<'tcx> fmt::Display for Ref<'tcx> {
-        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-            f.write_char('&')?;
-            if self.mutability == Mutability::Mut {
-                f.write_str("mut ")?;
-            }
-            self.ty.fmt(f)
-        }
-    }
+    use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Region, Ty};
 
     /// A visibility node in the layout.
     #[derive(Debug, Hash, Eq, PartialEq, Clone, Copy)]
@@ -187,6 +154,10 @@ pub mod rustc {
         }
     }
 
+    impl<'tcx> super::Region for Region<'tcx> {}
+
+    impl<'tcx> super::Type for Ty<'tcx> {}
+
     pub(crate) fn layout_of<'tcx>(
         cx: LayoutCx<'tcx>,
         ty: Ty<'tcx>,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_transmute/src/layout/tree.rs b/compiler/rustc_transmute/src/layout/tree.rs
index ff665695b5a..372b4f5353a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_transmute/src/layout/tree.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_transmute/src/layout/tree.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use std::ops::{ControlFlow, RangeInclusive};
 
-use super::{Byte, Def, Ref};
+use super::{Byte, Def, Reference, Region, Type};
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests;
@@ -15,10 +15,11 @@ mod tests;
 /// 2. A `Seq` is never directly nested beneath another `Seq`.
 /// 3. `Seq`s and `Alt`s with a single member do not exist.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub(crate) enum Tree<D, R>
+pub(crate) enum Tree<D, R, T>
 where
     D: Def,
-    R: Ref,
+    R: Region,
+    T: Type,
 {
     /// A sequence of successive layouts.
     Seq(Vec<Self>),
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ where
     /// A definition node.
     Def(D),
     /// A reference node.
-    Ref(R),
+    Ref(Reference<R, T>),
     /// A byte node.
     Byte(Byte),
 }
@@ -48,10 +49,11 @@ impl From<rustc_abi::Endian> for Endian {
     }
 }
 
-impl<D, R> Tree<D, R>
+impl<D, R, T> Tree<D, R, T>
 where
     D: Def,
-    R: Ref,
+    R: Region,
+    T: Type,
 {
     /// A `Tree` consisting only of a definition node.
     pub(crate) fn def(def: D) -> Self {
@@ -138,7 +140,7 @@ where
 
     /// Remove all `Def` nodes, and all branches of the layout for which `f`
     /// produces `true`.
-    pub(crate) fn prune<F>(self, f: &F) -> Tree<!, R>
+    pub(crate) fn prune<F>(self, f: &F) -> Tree<!, R, T>
     where
         F: Fn(D) -> bool,
     {
@@ -198,13 +200,13 @@ where
 
     /// Produces a `Tree` where each of the trees in `trees` are sequenced one
     /// after another.
-    pub(crate) fn seq<const N: usize>(trees: [Tree<D, R>; N]) -> Self {
+    pub(crate) fn seq<const N: usize>(trees: [Tree<D, R, T>; N]) -> Self {
         trees.into_iter().fold(Tree::unit(), Self::then)
     }
 
     /// Produces a `Tree` where each of the trees in `trees` are accepted as
     /// alternative layouts.
-    pub(crate) fn alt<const N: usize>(trees: [Tree<D, R>; N]) -> Self {
+    pub(crate) fn alt<const N: usize>(trees: [Tree<D, R, T>; N]) -> Self {
         trees.into_iter().fold(Tree::uninhabited(), Self::or)
     }
 
@@ -251,11 +253,14 @@ pub(crate) mod rustc {
         FieldIdx, FieldsShape, Layout, Size, TagEncoding, TyAndLayout, VariantIdx, Variants,
     };
     use rustc_middle::ty::layout::{HasTyCtxt, LayoutCx, LayoutError};
-    use rustc_middle::ty::{self, AdtDef, AdtKind, List, ScalarInt, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeVisitableExt};
+    use rustc_middle::ty::{
+        self, AdtDef, AdtKind, List, Region, ScalarInt, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeVisitableExt,
+    };
     use rustc_span::ErrorGuaranteed;
 
     use super::Tree;
-    use crate::layout::rustc::{Def, Ref, layout_of};
+    use crate::layout::Reference;
+    use crate::layout::rustc::{Def, layout_of};
 
     #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
     pub(crate) enum Err {
@@ -281,7 +286,7 @@ pub(crate) mod rustc {
         }
     }
 
-    impl<'tcx> Tree<Def<'tcx>, Ref<'tcx>> {
+    impl<'tcx> Tree<Def<'tcx>, Region<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>> {
         pub(crate) fn from_ty(ty: Ty<'tcx>, cx: LayoutCx<'tcx>) -> Result<Self, Err> {
             use rustc_abi::HasDataLayout;
             let layout = layout_of(cx, ty)?;
@@ -353,16 +358,17 @@ pub(crate) mod rustc {
                     }
                 }
 
-                ty::Ref(lifetime, ty, mutability) => {
+                ty::Ref(region, ty, mutability) => {
                     let layout = layout_of(cx, *ty)?;
-                    let align = layout.align.abi.bytes_usize();
-                    let size = layout.size.bytes_usize();
-                    Ok(Tree::Ref(Ref {
-                        lifetime: *lifetime,
-                        ty: *ty,
-                        mutability: *mutability,
-                        align,
-                        size,
+                    let referent_align = layout.align.abi.bytes_usize();
+                    let referent_size = layout.size.bytes_usize();
+
+                    Ok(Tree::Ref(Reference {
+                        region: *region,
+                        is_mut: mutability.is_mut(),
+                        referent: *ty,
+                        referent_align,
+                        referent_size,
                     }))
                 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_transmute/src/layout/tree/tests.rs b/compiler/rustc_transmute/src/layout/tree/tests.rs
index 8c3dbbe37ab..bc47b19c681 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_transmute/src/layout/tree/tests.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_transmute/src/layout/tree/tests.rs
@@ -20,13 +20,13 @@ mod prune {
 
         #[test]
         fn seq_1() {
-            let layout: Tree<Def, !> = Tree::def(Def::NoSafetyInvariants).then(Tree::byte(0x00));
+            let layout: Tree<Def, !, !> = Tree::def(Def::NoSafetyInvariants).then(Tree::byte(0x00));
             assert_eq!(layout.prune(&|d| matches!(d, Def::HasSafetyInvariants)), Tree::byte(0x00));
         }
 
         #[test]
         fn seq_2() {
-            let layout: Tree<Def, !> =
+            let layout: Tree<Def, !, !> =
                 Tree::byte(0x00).then(Tree::def(Def::NoSafetyInvariants)).then(Tree::byte(0x01));
 
             assert_eq!(
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ mod prune {
 
         #[test]
         fn invisible_def() {
-            let layout: Tree<Def, !> = Tree::def(Def::HasSafetyInvariants);
+            let layout: Tree<Def, !, !> = Tree::def(Def::HasSafetyInvariants);
             assert_eq!(
                 layout.prune(&|d| matches!(d, Def::HasSafetyInvariants)),
                 Tree::uninhabited()
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ mod prune {
 
         #[test]
         fn invisible_def_in_seq_len_2() {
-            let layout: Tree<Def, !> =
+            let layout: Tree<Def, !, !> =
                 Tree::def(Def::NoSafetyInvariants).then(Tree::def(Def::HasSafetyInvariants));
             assert_eq!(
                 layout.prune(&|d| matches!(d, Def::HasSafetyInvariants)),
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ mod prune {
 
         #[test]
         fn invisible_def_in_seq_len_3() {
-            let layout: Tree<Def, !> = Tree::def(Def::NoSafetyInvariants)
+            let layout: Tree<Def, !, !> = Tree::def(Def::NoSafetyInvariants)
                 .then(Tree::byte(0x00))
                 .then(Tree::def(Def::HasSafetyInvariants));
             assert_eq!(
@@ -75,20 +75,20 @@ mod prune {
 
         #[test]
         fn visible_def() {
-            let layout: Tree<Def, !> = Tree::def(Def::NoSafetyInvariants);
+            let layout: Tree<Def, !, !> = Tree::def(Def::NoSafetyInvariants);
             assert_eq!(layout.prune(&|d| matches!(d, Def::HasSafetyInvariants)), Tree::unit());
         }
 
         #[test]
         fn visible_def_in_seq_len_2() {
-            let layout: Tree<Def, !> =
+            let layout: Tree<Def, !, !> =
                 Tree::def(Def::NoSafetyInvariants).then(Tree::def(Def::NoSafetyInvariants));
             assert_eq!(layout.prune(&|d| matches!(d, Def::HasSafetyInvariants)), Tree::unit());
         }
 
         #[test]
         fn visible_def_in_seq_len_3() {
-            let layout: Tree<Def, !> = Tree::def(Def::NoSafetyInvariants)
+            let layout: Tree<Def, !, !> = Tree::def(Def::NoSafetyInvariants)
                 .then(Tree::byte(0x00))
                 .then(Tree::def(Def::NoSafetyInvariants));
             assert_eq!(layout.prune(&|d| matches!(d, Def::HasSafetyInvariants)), Tree::byte(0x00));
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_transmute/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_transmute/src/lib.rs
index ce18dad5517..36281ff16bc 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_transmute/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_transmute/src/lib.rs
@@ -19,23 +19,29 @@ pub struct Assume {
 /// Either transmutation is allowed, we have an error, or we have an optional
 /// Condition that must hold.
 #[derive(Debug, Hash, Eq, PartialEq, Clone)]
-pub enum Answer<R> {
+pub enum Answer<R, T> {
     Yes,
-    No(Reason<R>),
-    If(Condition<R>),
+    No(Reason<T>),
+    If(Condition<R, T>),
 }
 
 /// A condition which must hold for safe transmutation to be possible.
 #[derive(Debug, Hash, Eq, PartialEq, Clone)]
-pub enum Condition<R> {
+pub enum Condition<R, T> {
     /// `Src` is transmutable into `Dst`, if `src` is transmutable into `dst`.
-    IfTransmutable { src: R, dst: R },
+    Transmutable { src: T, dst: T },
+
+    /// The region `long` must outlive `short`.
+    Outlives { long: R, short: R },
+
+    /// The `ty` is immutable.
+    Immutable { ty: T },
 
     /// `Src` is transmutable into `Dst`, if all of the enclosed requirements are met.
-    IfAll(Vec<Condition<R>>),
+    IfAll(Vec<Condition<R, T>>),
 
     /// `Src` is transmutable into `Dst` if any of the enclosed requirements are met.
-    IfAny(Vec<Condition<R>>),
+    IfAny(Vec<Condition<R, T>>),
 }
 
 /// Answers "why wasn't the source type transmutable into the destination type?"
@@ -53,12 +59,16 @@ pub enum Reason<T> {
     DstMayHaveSafetyInvariants,
     /// `Dst` is larger than `Src`, and the excess bytes were not exclusively uninitialized.
     DstIsTooBig,
-    /// A referent of `Dst` is larger than a referent in `Src`.
+    /// `Dst` is larger `Src`.
     DstRefIsTooBig {
         /// The referent of the source type.
         src: T,
+        /// The size of the source type's referent.
+        src_size: usize,
         /// The too-large referent of the destination type.
         dst: T,
+        /// The size of the destination type's referent.
+        dst_size: usize,
     },
     /// Src should have a stricter alignment than Dst, but it does not.
     DstHasStricterAlignment { src_min_align: usize, dst_min_align: usize },
@@ -79,7 +89,7 @@ pub enum Reason<T> {
 #[cfg(feature = "rustc")]
 mod rustc {
     use rustc_hir::lang_items::LangItem;
-    use rustc_middle::ty::{Const, Ty, TyCtxt};
+    use rustc_middle::ty::{Const, Region, Ty, TyCtxt};
 
     use super::*;
 
@@ -105,7 +115,7 @@ mod rustc {
             &mut self,
             types: Types<'tcx>,
             assume: crate::Assume,
-        ) -> crate::Answer<crate::layout::rustc::Ref<'tcx>> {
+        ) -> crate::Answer<Region<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>> {
             crate::maybe_transmutable::MaybeTransmutableQuery::new(
                 types.src, types.dst, assume, self.tcx,
             )
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_transmute/src/maybe_transmutable/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_transmute/src/maybe_transmutable/mod.rs
index f76abe50ed3..062de4b5d08 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_transmute/src/maybe_transmutable/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_transmute/src/maybe_transmutable/mod.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ pub(crate) mod query_context;
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests;
 
-use crate::layout::{self, Def, Dfa, Ref, Tree, dfa, union};
+use crate::layout::{self, Def, Dfa, Reference, Tree, dfa, union};
 use crate::maybe_transmutable::query_context::QueryContext;
 use crate::{Answer, Condition, Map, Reason};
 
@@ -41,7 +41,10 @@ mod rustc {
         /// This method begins by converting `src` and `dst` from `Ty`s to `Tree`s,
         /// then computes an answer using those trees.
         #[instrument(level = "debug", skip(self), fields(src = ?self.src, dst = ?self.dst))]
-        pub(crate) fn answer(self) -> Answer<<TyCtxt<'tcx> as QueryContext>::Ref> {
+        pub(crate) fn answer(
+            self,
+        ) -> Answer<<TyCtxt<'tcx> as QueryContext>::Region, <TyCtxt<'tcx> as QueryContext>::Type>
+        {
             let Self { src, dst, assume, context } = self;
 
             let layout_cx = LayoutCx::new(context, TypingEnv::fully_monomorphized());
@@ -67,7 +70,11 @@ mod rustc {
     }
 }
 
-impl<C> MaybeTransmutableQuery<Tree<<C as QueryContext>::Def, <C as QueryContext>::Ref>, C>
+impl<C>
+    MaybeTransmutableQuery<
+        Tree<<C as QueryContext>::Def, <C as QueryContext>::Region, <C as QueryContext>::Type>,
+        C,
+    >
 where
     C: QueryContext,
 {
@@ -77,7 +84,7 @@ where
     /// then converts `src` and `dst` to `Dfa`s, and computes an answer using those DFAs.
     #[inline(always)]
     #[instrument(level = "debug", skip(self), fields(src = ?self.src, dst = ?self.dst))]
-    pub(crate) fn answer(self) -> Answer<<C as QueryContext>::Ref> {
+    pub(crate) fn answer(self) -> Answer<<C as QueryContext>::Region, <C as QueryContext>::Type> {
         let Self { src, dst, assume, context } = self;
 
         // Unconditionally remove all `Def` nodes from `src`, without pruning away the
@@ -130,12 +137,12 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<C> MaybeTransmutableQuery<Dfa<<C as QueryContext>::Ref>, C>
+impl<C> MaybeTransmutableQuery<Dfa<<C as QueryContext>::Region, <C as QueryContext>::Type>, C>
 where
     C: QueryContext,
 {
     /// Answers whether a `Dfa` is transmutable into another `Dfa`.
-    pub(crate) fn answer(self) -> Answer<<C as QueryContext>::Ref> {
+    pub(crate) fn answer(self) -> Answer<<C as QueryContext>::Region, <C as QueryContext>::Type> {
         self.answer_memo(&mut Map::default(), self.src.start, self.dst.start)
     }
 
@@ -143,10 +150,13 @@ where
     #[instrument(level = "debug", skip(self))]
     fn answer_memo(
         &self,
-        cache: &mut Map<(dfa::State, dfa::State), Answer<<C as QueryContext>::Ref>>,
+        cache: &mut Map<
+            (dfa::State, dfa::State),
+            Answer<<C as QueryContext>::Region, <C as QueryContext>::Type>,
+        >,
         src_state: dfa::State,
         dst_state: dfa::State,
-    ) -> Answer<<C as QueryContext>::Ref> {
+    ) -> Answer<<C as QueryContext>::Region, <C as QueryContext>::Type> {
         if let Some(answer) = cache.get(&(src_state, dst_state)) {
             answer.clone()
         } else {
@@ -160,10 +170,13 @@ where
 
     fn answer_impl(
         &self,
-        cache: &mut Map<(dfa::State, dfa::State), Answer<<C as QueryContext>::Ref>>,
+        cache: &mut Map<
+            (dfa::State, dfa::State),
+            Answer<<C as QueryContext>::Region, <C as QueryContext>::Type>,
+        >,
         src_state: dfa::State,
         dst_state: dfa::State,
-    ) -> Answer<<C as QueryContext>::Ref> {
+    ) -> Answer<<C as QueryContext>::Region, <C as QueryContext>::Type> {
         debug!(?src_state, ?dst_state);
         debug!(src = ?self.src);
         debug!(dst = ?self.dst);
@@ -247,27 +260,51 @@ where
                     // ...there exists a reference transition out of `dst_state`...
                     Quantifier::ThereExists.apply(self.dst.refs_from(dst_state).map(
                         |(dst_ref, dst_state_prime)| {
-                            if !src_ref.is_mutable() && dst_ref.is_mutable() {
+                            if !src_ref.is_mut && dst_ref.is_mut {
                                 Answer::No(Reason::DstIsMoreUnique)
                             } else if !self.assume.alignment
-                                && src_ref.min_align() < dst_ref.min_align()
+                                && src_ref.referent_align < dst_ref.referent_align
                             {
                                 Answer::No(Reason::DstHasStricterAlignment {
-                                    src_min_align: src_ref.min_align(),
-                                    dst_min_align: dst_ref.min_align(),
+                                    src_min_align: src_ref.referent_align,
+                                    dst_min_align: dst_ref.referent_align,
+                                })
+                            } else if dst_ref.referent_size > src_ref.referent_size {
+                                Answer::No(Reason::DstRefIsTooBig {
+                                    src: src_ref.referent,
+                                    src_size: src_ref.referent_size,
+                                    dst: dst_ref.referent,
+                                    dst_size: dst_ref.referent_size,
                                 })
-                            } else if dst_ref.size() > src_ref.size() {
-                                Answer::No(Reason::DstRefIsTooBig { src: src_ref, dst: dst_ref })
                             } else {
-                                // ...such that `src` is transmutable into `dst`, if
-                                // `src_ref` is transmutability into `dst_ref`.
-                                and(
-                                    Answer::If(Condition::IfTransmutable {
-                                        src: src_ref,
-                                        dst: dst_ref,
-                                    }),
-                                    self.answer_memo(cache, src_state_prime, dst_state_prime),
-                                )
+                                let mut conditions = Vec::with_capacity(4);
+                                let mut is_transmutable =
+                                    |src: Reference<_, _>, dst: Reference<_, _>| {
+                                        conditions.push(Condition::Transmutable {
+                                            src: src.referent,
+                                            dst: dst.referent,
+                                        });
+                                        if !self.assume.lifetimes {
+                                            conditions.push(Condition::Outlives {
+                                                long: src.region,
+                                                short: dst.region,
+                                            });
+                                        }
+                                    };
+
+                                is_transmutable(src_ref, dst_ref);
+
+                                if dst_ref.is_mut {
+                                    is_transmutable(dst_ref, src_ref);
+                                } else {
+                                    conditions.push(Condition::Immutable { ty: dst_ref.referent });
+                                }
+
+                                Answer::If(Condition::IfAll(conditions)).and(self.answer_memo(
+                                    cache,
+                                    src_state_prime,
+                                    dst_state_prime,
+                                ))
                             }
                         },
                     ))
@@ -275,67 +312,65 @@ where
             );
 
             if self.assume.validity {
-                or(bytes_answer, refs_answer)
+                bytes_answer.or(refs_answer)
             } else {
-                and(bytes_answer, refs_answer)
+                bytes_answer.and(refs_answer)
             }
         }
     }
 }
 
-fn and<R>(lhs: Answer<R>, rhs: Answer<R>) -> Answer<R>
-where
-    R: PartialEq,
-{
-    match (lhs, rhs) {
-        // If both are errors, then we should return the more specific one
-        (Answer::No(Reason::DstIsBitIncompatible), Answer::No(reason))
-        | (Answer::No(reason), Answer::No(_))
-        // If either is an error, return it
-        | (Answer::No(reason), _) | (_, Answer::No(reason)) => Answer::No(reason),
-        // If only one side has a condition, pass it along
-        | (Answer::Yes, other) | (other, Answer::Yes) => other,
-        // If both sides have IfAll conditions, merge them
-        (Answer::If(Condition::IfAll(mut lhs)), Answer::If(Condition::IfAll(ref mut rhs))) => {
-            lhs.append(rhs);
-            Answer::If(Condition::IfAll(lhs))
-        }
-        // If only one side is an IfAll, add the other Condition to it
-        (Answer::If(cond), Answer::If(Condition::IfAll(mut conds)))
-        | (Answer::If(Condition::IfAll(mut conds)), Answer::If(cond)) => {
-            conds.push(cond);
-            Answer::If(Condition::IfAll(conds))
+impl<R, T> Answer<R, T> {
+    fn and(self, rhs: Answer<R, T>) -> Answer<R, T> {
+        let lhs = self;
+        match (lhs, rhs) {
+            // If both are errors, then we should return the more specific one
+            (Answer::No(Reason::DstIsBitIncompatible), Answer::No(reason))
+            | (Answer::No(reason), Answer::No(_))
+            // If either is an error, return it
+            | (Answer::No(reason), _) | (_, Answer::No(reason)) => Answer::No(reason),
+            // If only one side has a condition, pass it along
+            | (Answer::Yes, other) | (other, Answer::Yes) => other,
+            // If both sides have IfAll conditions, merge them
+            (Answer::If(Condition::IfAll(mut lhs)), Answer::If(Condition::IfAll(ref mut rhs))) => {
+                lhs.append(rhs);
+                Answer::If(Condition::IfAll(lhs))
+            }
+            // If only one side is an IfAll, add the other Condition to it
+            (Answer::If(cond), Answer::If(Condition::IfAll(mut conds)))
+            | (Answer::If(Condition::IfAll(mut conds)), Answer::If(cond)) => {
+                conds.push(cond);
+                Answer::If(Condition::IfAll(conds))
+            }
+            // Otherwise, both lhs and rhs conditions can be combined in a parent IfAll
+            (Answer::If(lhs), Answer::If(rhs)) => Answer::If(Condition::IfAll(vec![lhs, rhs])),
         }
-        // Otherwise, both lhs and rhs conditions can be combined in a parent IfAll
-        (Answer::If(lhs), Answer::If(rhs)) => Answer::If(Condition::IfAll(vec![lhs, rhs])),
     }
-}
 
-fn or<R>(lhs: Answer<R>, rhs: Answer<R>) -> Answer<R>
-where
-    R: PartialEq,
-{
-    match (lhs, rhs) {
-        // If both are errors, then we should return the more specific one
-        (Answer::No(Reason::DstIsBitIncompatible), Answer::No(reason))
-        | (Answer::No(reason), Answer::No(_)) => Answer::No(reason),
-        // Otherwise, errors can be ignored for the rest of the pattern matching
-        (Answer::No(_), other) | (other, Answer::No(_)) => or(other, Answer::Yes),
-        // If only one side has a condition, pass it along
-        (Answer::Yes, other) | (other, Answer::Yes) => other,
-        // If both sides have IfAny conditions, merge them
-        (Answer::If(Condition::IfAny(mut lhs)), Answer::If(Condition::IfAny(ref mut rhs))) => {
-            lhs.append(rhs);
-            Answer::If(Condition::IfAny(lhs))
-        }
-        // If only one side is an IfAny, add the other Condition to it
-        (Answer::If(cond), Answer::If(Condition::IfAny(mut conds)))
-        | (Answer::If(Condition::IfAny(mut conds)), Answer::If(cond)) => {
-            conds.push(cond);
-            Answer::If(Condition::IfAny(conds))
+    fn or(self, rhs: Answer<R, T>) -> Answer<R, T> {
+        let lhs = self;
+        match (lhs, rhs) {
+            // If both are errors, then we should return the more specific one
+            (Answer::No(Reason::DstIsBitIncompatible), Answer::No(reason))
+            | (Answer::No(reason), Answer::No(_)) => Answer::No(reason),
+            // Otherwise, errors can be ignored for the rest of the pattern matching
+            (Answer::No(_), other) | (other, Answer::No(_)) => other.or(Answer::Yes),
+            // If only one side has a condition, pass it along
+            (Answer::Yes, other) | (other, Answer::Yes) => other,
+            // If both sides have IfAny conditions, merge them
+            (Answer::If(Condition::IfAny(mut lhs)), Answer::If(Condition::IfAny(ref mut rhs))) => {
+                lhs.append(rhs);
+                Answer::If(Condition::IfAny(lhs))
+            }
+            // If only one side is an IfAny, add the other Condition to it
+            (Answer::If(cond), Answer::If(Condition::IfAny(mut conds)))
+            | (Answer::If(Condition::IfAny(mut conds)), Answer::If(cond)) => {
+                conds.push(cond);
+                Answer::If(Condition::IfAny(conds))
+            }
+            // Otherwise, both lhs and rhs conditions can be combined in a parent IfAny
+            (Answer::If(lhs), Answer::If(rhs)) => Answer::If(Condition::IfAny(vec![lhs, rhs])),
         }
-        // Otherwise, both lhs and rhs conditions can be combined in a parent IfAny
-        (Answer::If(lhs), Answer::If(rhs)) => Answer::If(Condition::IfAny(vec![lhs, rhs])),
     }
 }
 
@@ -345,24 +380,25 @@ enum Quantifier {
 }
 
 impl Quantifier {
-    fn apply<R, I>(&self, iter: I) -> Answer<R>
+    fn apply<R, T, I>(&self, iter: I) -> Answer<R, T>
     where
-        R: layout::Ref,
-        I: IntoIterator<Item = Answer<R>>,
+        R: layout::Region,
+        T: layout::Type,
+        I: IntoIterator<Item = Answer<R, T>>,
     {
         use std::ops::ControlFlow::{Break, Continue};
 
         let (init, try_fold_f): (_, fn(_, _) -> _) = match self {
             Self::ThereExists => {
-                (Answer::No(Reason::DstIsBitIncompatible), |accum: Answer<R>, next| {
-                    match or(accum, next) {
-                        Answer::Yes => Break(Answer::Yes),
-                        maybe => Continue(maybe),
-                    }
+                (Answer::No(Reason::DstIsBitIncompatible), |accum: Answer<R, T>, next| match accum
+                    .or(next)
+                {
+                    Answer::Yes => Break(Answer::Yes),
+                    maybe => Continue(maybe),
                 })
             }
-            Self::ForAll => (Answer::Yes, |accum: Answer<R>, next| {
-                let answer = and(accum, next);
+            Self::ForAll => (Answer::Yes, |accum: Answer<R, T>, next| {
+                let answer = accum.and(next);
                 match answer {
                     Answer::No(_) => Break(answer),
                     maybe => Continue(maybe),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_transmute/src/maybe_transmutable/query_context.rs b/compiler/rustc_transmute/src/maybe_transmutable/query_context.rs
index 214da101be3..6be0cb11904 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_transmute/src/maybe_transmutable/query_context.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_transmute/src/maybe_transmutable/query_context.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@ use crate::layout;
 /// Context necessary to answer the question "Are these types transmutable?".
 pub(crate) trait QueryContext {
     type Def: layout::Def;
-    type Ref: layout::Ref;
+    type Region: layout::Region;
+    type Type: layout::Type;
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -12,9 +13,9 @@ pub(crate) mod test {
 
     use super::QueryContext;
 
-    pub(crate) struct UltraMinimal<R = !>(PhantomData<R>);
+    pub(crate) struct UltraMinimal<R = !, T = !>(PhantomData<(R, T)>);
 
-    impl<R> Default for UltraMinimal<R> {
+    impl<R, T> Default for UltraMinimal<R, T> {
         fn default() -> Self {
             Self(PhantomData)
         }
@@ -32,20 +33,26 @@ pub(crate) mod test {
         }
     }
 
-    impl<R: crate::layout::Ref> QueryContext for UltraMinimal<R> {
+    impl<R, T> QueryContext for UltraMinimal<R, T>
+    where
+        R: crate::layout::Region,
+        T: crate::layout::Type,
+    {
         type Def = Def;
-        type Ref = R;
+        type Region = R;
+        type Type = T;
     }
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "rustc")]
 mod rustc {
-    use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
+    use rustc_middle::ty::{Region, Ty, TyCtxt};
 
     use super::*;
 
     impl<'tcx> super::QueryContext for TyCtxt<'tcx> {
         type Def = layout::rustc::Def<'tcx>;
-        type Ref = layout::rustc::Ref<'tcx>;
+        type Region = Region<'tcx>;
+        type Type = Ty<'tcx>;
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_transmute/src/maybe_transmutable/tests.rs b/compiler/rustc_transmute/src/maybe_transmutable/tests.rs
index 0227ad71ae6..8440ace2608 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_transmute/src/maybe_transmutable/tests.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_transmute/src/maybe_transmutable/tests.rs
@@ -3,17 +3,17 @@ extern crate test;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 
 use super::query_context::test::{Def, UltraMinimal};
-use crate::{Answer, Assume, Reason, layout};
+use crate::{Answer, Assume, Condition, Reason, layout};
 
-type Tree = layout::Tree<Def, !>;
-type Dfa = layout::Dfa<!>;
+type Tree = layout::Tree<Def, !, !>;
+type Dfa = layout::Dfa<!, !>;
 
 trait Representation {
-    fn is_transmutable(src: Self, dst: Self, assume: Assume) -> Answer<!>;
+    fn is_transmutable(src: Self, dst: Self, assume: Assume) -> Answer<!, !>;
 }
 
 impl Representation for Tree {
-    fn is_transmutable(src: Self, dst: Self, assume: Assume) -> Answer<!> {
+    fn is_transmutable(src: Self, dst: Self, assume: Assume) -> Answer<!, !> {
         crate::maybe_transmutable::MaybeTransmutableQuery::new(
             src,
             dst,
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ impl Representation for Tree {
 }
 
 impl Representation for Dfa {
-    fn is_transmutable(src: Self, dst: Self, assume: Assume) -> Answer<!> {
+    fn is_transmutable(src: Self, dst: Self, assume: Assume) -> Answer<!, !> {
         crate::maybe_transmutable::MaybeTransmutableQuery::new(
             src,
             dst,
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ fn is_transmutable<R: Representation + Clone>(
     src: &R,
     dst: &R,
     assume: Assume,
-) -> crate::Answer<!> {
+) -> crate::Answer<!, !> {
     let src = src.clone();
     let dst = dst.clone();
     // The only dimension of the transmutability analysis we want to test
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ mod safety {
     use super::*;
     use crate::Answer;
 
-    const DST_HAS_SAFETY_INVARIANTS: Answer<!> =
+    const DST_HAS_SAFETY_INVARIANTS: Answer<!, !> =
         Answer::No(crate::Reason::DstMayHaveSafetyInvariants);
 
     #[test]
@@ -177,14 +177,15 @@ mod bool {
 
     #[test]
     fn should_permit_validity_expansion_and_reject_contraction() {
-        let b0 = layout::Tree::<Def, !>::byte(0);
-        let b1 = layout::Tree::<Def, !>::byte(1);
-        let b2 = layout::Tree::<Def, !>::byte(2);
+        let b0 = layout::Tree::<Def, !, !>::byte(0);
+        let b1 = layout::Tree::<Def, !, !>::byte(1);
+        let b2 = layout::Tree::<Def, !, !>::byte(2);
 
         let alts = [b0, b1, b2];
 
         let into_layout = |alts: Vec<_>| {
-            alts.into_iter().fold(layout::Tree::<Def, !>::uninhabited(), layout::Tree::<Def, !>::or)
+            alts.into_iter()
+                .fold(layout::Tree::<Def, !, !>::uninhabited(), layout::Tree::<Def, !, !>::or)
         };
 
         let into_set = |alts: Vec<_>| {
@@ -277,7 +278,7 @@ mod alt {
 
     #[test]
     fn should_permit_identity_transmutation() {
-        type Tree = layout::Tree<Def, !>;
+        type Tree = layout::Tree<Def, !, !>;
 
         let x = Tree::Seq(vec![Tree::byte(0), Tree::byte(0)]);
         let y = Tree::Seq(vec![Tree::bool(), Tree::byte(1)]);
@@ -331,7 +332,7 @@ mod char {
     fn should_permit_valid_transmutation() {
         for order in [Endian::Big, Endian::Little] {
             use Answer::*;
-            let char_layout = layout::Tree::<Def, !>::char(order);
+            let char_layout = layout::Tree::<Def, !, !>::char(order);
 
             // `char`s can be in the following ranges:
             // - [0, 0xD7FF]
@@ -353,7 +354,7 @@ mod char {
                 (0xFFFFFFFF, no),
             ] {
                 let src_layout =
-                    layout::tree::Tree::<Def, !>::from_big_endian(order, src.to_be_bytes());
+                    layout::tree::Tree::<Def, !, !>::from_big_endian(order, src.to_be_bytes());
 
                 let a = is_transmutable(&src_layout, &char_layout, Assume::default());
                 assert_eq!(a, answer, "endian:{order:?},\nsrc:{src:x}");
@@ -371,7 +372,7 @@ mod nonzero {
     #[test]
     fn should_permit_identity_transmutation() {
         for width in NONZERO_BYTE_WIDTHS {
-            let layout = layout::Tree::<Def, !>::nonzero(width);
+            let layout = layout::Tree::<Def, !, !>::nonzero(width);
             assert_eq!(is_transmutable(&layout, &layout, Assume::default()), Answer::Yes);
         }
     }
@@ -381,8 +382,8 @@ mod nonzero {
         for width in NONZERO_BYTE_WIDTHS {
             use Answer::*;
 
-            let num = layout::Tree::<Def, !>::number(width);
-            let nz = layout::Tree::<Def, !>::nonzero(width);
+            let num = layout::Tree::<Def, !, !>::number(width);
+            let nz = layout::Tree::<Def, !, !>::nonzero(width);
 
             let a = is_transmutable(&num, &nz, Assume::default());
             assert_eq!(a, No(Reason::DstIsBitIncompatible), "width:{width}");
@@ -395,13 +396,23 @@ mod nonzero {
 
 mod r#ref {
     use super::*;
+    use crate::layout::Reference;
 
     #[test]
     fn should_permit_identity_transmutation() {
-        type Tree = crate::layout::Tree<Def, [(); 1]>;
+        type Tree = crate::layout::Tree<Def, usize, ()>;
 
         for validity in [false, true] {
-            let layout = Tree::Seq(vec![Tree::byte(0x00), Tree::Ref([()])]);
+            let layout = Tree::Seq(vec![
+                Tree::byte(0x00),
+                Tree::Ref(Reference {
+                    region: 42,
+                    is_mut: false,
+                    referent: (),
+                    referent_size: 0,
+                    referent_align: 1,
+                }),
+            ]);
 
             let assume = Assume { validity, ..Assume::default() };
 
@@ -414,7 +425,11 @@ mod r#ref {
             .answer();
             assert_eq!(
                 answer,
-                Answer::If(crate::Condition::IfTransmutable { src: [()], dst: [()] })
+                Answer::If(Condition::IfAll(vec![
+                    Condition::Transmutable { src: (), dst: () },
+                    Condition::Outlives { long: 42, short: 42 },
+                    Condition::Immutable { ty: () },
+                ]))
             );
         }
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/ty.rs b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/ty.rs
index e39fd6b947b..11becea998c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/ty.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/ty.rs
@@ -7,8 +7,7 @@ use rustc_infer::infer::TyCtxtInferExt;
 use rustc_middle::bug;
 use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{
-    self, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeFoldable, TypeSuperVisitable, TypeVisitable, TypeVisitor, Upcast,
-    fold_regions,
+    self, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeSuperVisitable, TypeVisitable, TypeVisitor, Upcast, fold_regions,
 };
 use rustc_span::DUMMY_SP;
 use rustc_span::def_id::{CRATE_DEF_ID, DefId, LocalDefId};
@@ -186,7 +185,7 @@ struct ImplTraitInTraitFinder<'a, 'tcx> {
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> TypeVisitor<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for ImplTraitInTraitFinder<'_, 'tcx> {
-    fn visit_binder<T: TypeFoldable<TyCtxt<'tcx>>>(&mut self, binder: &ty::Binder<'tcx, T>) {
+    fn visit_binder<T: TypeVisitable<TyCtxt<'tcx>>>(&mut self, binder: &ty::Binder<'tcx, T>) {
         self.depth.shift_in(1);
         binder.super_visit_with(self);
         self.depth.shift_out(1);
@@ -255,10 +254,8 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeVisitor<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for ImplTraitInTraitFinder<'_, 'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
-fn param_env_normalized_for_post_analysis(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> ty::ParamEnv<'_> {
-    // This is a bit ugly but the easiest way to avoid code duplication.
-    let typing_env = ty::TypingEnv::non_body_analysis(tcx, def_id);
-    typing_env.with_post_analysis_normalized(tcx).param_env
+fn typing_env_normalized_for_post_analysis(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> ty::TypingEnv<'_> {
+    ty::TypingEnv::non_body_analysis(tcx, def_id).with_post_analysis_normalized(tcx)
 }
 
 /// Check if a function is async.
@@ -319,7 +316,7 @@ fn impl_self_is_guaranteed_unsized<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, impl_def_id: DefId)
 
     let infcx = tcx.infer_ctxt().ignoring_regions().build(ty::TypingMode::non_body_analysis());
 
-    let ocx = traits::ObligationCtxt::new_with_diagnostics(&infcx);
+    let ocx = traits::ObligationCtxt::new(&infcx);
     let cause = traits::ObligationCause::dummy();
     let param_env = tcx.param_env(impl_def_id);
 
@@ -374,7 +371,7 @@ pub(crate) fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
         asyncness,
         adt_sized_constraint,
         param_env,
-        param_env_normalized_for_post_analysis,
+        typing_env_normalized_for_post_analysis,
         defaultness,
         unsizing_params_for_adt,
         impl_self_is_guaranteed_unsized,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/Cargo.toml b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/Cargo.toml
index 83d3d78298e..4bd7bfe79be 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/Cargo.toml
+++ b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/Cargo.toml
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ bitflags = "2.4.1"
 derive-where = "1.2.7"
 ena = "0.14.3"
 indexmap = "2.0.0"
-rustc-hash = "1.1.0"
+rustc-hash = "2.0.0"
 rustc_ast_ir = { path = "../rustc_ast_ir", default-features = false }
 rustc_data_structures = { path = "../rustc_data_structures", optional = true }
 rustc_index = { path = "../rustc_index", default-features = false }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/binder.rs b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/binder.rs
index 55c0a3bba9f..927a2ce84ea 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/binder.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/binder.rs
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ impl<I: Interner, T: TypeFoldable<I>> TypeFoldable<I> for Binder<I, T> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<I: Interner, T: TypeFoldable<I>> TypeVisitable<I> for Binder<I, T> {
+impl<I: Interner, T: TypeVisitable<I>> TypeVisitable<I> for Binder<I, T> {
     fn visit_with<V: TypeVisitor<I>>(&self, visitor: &mut V) -> V::Result {
         visitor.visit_binder(self)
     }
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ impl<I: Interner, T: TypeFoldable<I>> TypeSuperFoldable<I> for Binder<I, T> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<I: Interner, T: TypeFoldable<I>> TypeSuperVisitable<I> for Binder<I, T> {
+impl<I: Interner, T: TypeVisitable<I>> TypeSuperVisitable<I> for Binder<I, T> {
     fn super_visit_with<V: TypeVisitor<I>>(&self, visitor: &mut V) -> V::Result {
         self.as_ref().skip_binder().visit_with(visitor)
     }
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ impl<I: Interner> ValidateBoundVars<I> {
 impl<I: Interner> TypeVisitor<I> for ValidateBoundVars<I> {
     type Result = ControlFlow<()>;
 
-    fn visit_binder<T: TypeFoldable<I>>(&mut self, t: &Binder<I, T>) -> Self::Result {
+    fn visit_binder<T: TypeVisitable<I>>(&mut self, t: &Binder<I, T>) -> Self::Result {
         self.binder_index.shift_in(1);
         let result = t.super_visit_with(self);
         self.binder_index.shift_out(1);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/canonical.rs b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/canonical.rs
index 2b1b0617cef..c66a83662d7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/canonical.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/canonical.rs
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use derive_where::derive_where;
 use rustc_macros::{Decodable_NoContext, Encodable_NoContext, HashStable_NoContext};
 use rustc_type_ir_macros::{Lift_Generic, TypeFoldable_Generic, TypeVisitable_Generic};
 
+use crate::data_structures::HashMap;
 use crate::inherent::*;
 use crate::{self as ty, Interner, TypingMode, UniverseIndex};
 
@@ -333,3 +334,11 @@ impl<I: Interner> Index<ty::BoundVar> for CanonicalVarValues<I> {
         &self.var_values.as_slice()[value.as_usize()]
     }
 }
+
+#[derive_where(Clone, Debug; I: Interner)]
+pub struct CanonicalParamEnvCacheEntry<I: Interner> {
+    pub param_env: I::ParamEnv,
+    pub variables: Vec<I::GenericArg>,
+    pub variable_lookup_table: HashMap<I::GenericArg, usize>,
+    pub var_kinds: Vec<CanonicalVarKind<I>>,
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/fast_reject.rs b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/fast_reject.rs
index 34502f49550..615d07707b9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/fast_reject.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/fast_reject.rs
@@ -84,6 +84,9 @@ pub enum TreatParams {
     ///
     /// This also treats projections with inference variables as infer vars
     /// since they could be further normalized.
+    // FIXME(@lcnr): This treats aliases as rigid. This is only correct if the
+    // type has been structurally normalized. We should reflect this requirement
+    // in the variant name. It is currently incorrectly used in diagnostics.
     AsRigid,
 }
 
@@ -151,9 +154,11 @@ pub fn simplify_type<I: Interner>(
         ty::Alias(..) => match treat_params {
             // When treating `ty::Param` as a placeholder, projections also
             // don't unify with anything else as long as they are fully normalized.
-            // FIXME(-Znext-solver): Can remove this `if` and always simplify to `Placeholder`
-            // when the new solver is enabled by default.
-            TreatParams::AsRigid if !ty.has_non_region_infer() => Some(SimplifiedType::Placeholder),
+            TreatParams::AsRigid
+                if !ty.has_non_region_infer() || cx.next_trait_solver_globally() =>
+            {
+                Some(SimplifiedType::Placeholder)
+            }
             TreatParams::AsRigid | TreatParams::InstantiateWithInfer => None,
         },
         ty::Foreign(def_id) => Some(SimplifiedType::Foreign(def_id)),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/inherent.rs b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/inherent.rs
index fa88bcb891a..436ab9f80b6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/inherent.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/inherent.rs
@@ -228,6 +228,8 @@ pub trait Region<I: Interner<Region = Self>>:
 
     fn new_static(interner: I) -> Self;
 
+    fn new_placeholder(interner: I, var: I::PlaceholderRegion) -> Self;
+
     fn is_bound(self) -> bool {
         matches!(self.kind(), ty::ReBound(..))
     }
@@ -254,6 +256,8 @@ pub trait Const<I: Interner<Const = Self>>:
 
     fn new_anon_bound(interner: I, debruijn: ty::DebruijnIndex, var: ty::BoundVar) -> Self;
 
+    fn new_placeholder(interner: I, param: I::PlaceholderConst) -> Self;
+
     fn new_unevaluated(interner: I, uv: ty::UnevaluatedConst<I>) -> Self;
 
     fn new_expr(interner: I, expr: I::ExprConst) -> Self;
@@ -524,13 +528,14 @@ pub trait Clauses<I: Interner<Clauses = Self>>:
 }
 
 /// Common capabilities of placeholder kinds
-pub trait PlaceholderLike: Copy + Debug + Hash + Eq {
+pub trait PlaceholderLike<I: Interner>: Copy + Debug + Hash + Eq {
     fn universe(self) -> ty::UniverseIndex;
     fn var(self) -> ty::BoundVar;
 
+    type Bound: BoundVarLike<I>;
+    fn new(ui: ty::UniverseIndex, bound: Self::Bound) -> Self;
+    fn new_anon(ui: ty::UniverseIndex, var: ty::BoundVar) -> Self;
     fn with_updated_universe(self, ui: ty::UniverseIndex) -> Self;
-
-    fn new(ui: ty::UniverseIndex, var: ty::BoundVar) -> Self;
 }
 
 pub trait IntoKind {
@@ -539,13 +544,13 @@ pub trait IntoKind {
     fn kind(self) -> Self::Kind;
 }
 
-pub trait BoundVarLike<I: Interner> {
+pub trait BoundVarLike<I: Interner>: Copy + Debug + Hash + Eq {
     fn var(self) -> ty::BoundVar;
 
     fn assert_eq(self, var: I::BoundVarKind);
 }
 
-pub trait ParamLike {
+pub trait ParamLike: Copy + Debug + Hash + Eq {
     fn index(self) -> u32;
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/interner.rs b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/interner.rs
index 05ca6f10323..033d2579678 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/interner.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/interner.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use crate::lang_items::TraitSolverLangItem;
 use crate::relate::Relate;
 use crate::solve::{CanonicalInput, ExternalConstraintsData, PredefinedOpaquesData, QueryResult};
 use crate::visit::{Flags, TypeVisitable};
-use crate::{self as ty, search_graph};
+use crate::{self as ty, CanonicalParamEnvCacheEntry, search_graph};
 
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "nightly", rustc_diagnostic_item = "type_ir_interner")]
 pub trait Interner:
@@ -32,6 +32,10 @@ pub trait Interner:
     + IrPrint<ty::FnSig<Self>>
     + IrPrint<ty::PatternKind<Self>>
 {
+    fn next_trait_solver_globally(self) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+
     type DefId: DefId<Self>;
     type LocalDefId: Copy + Debug + Hash + Eq + Into<Self::DefId> + TypeFoldable<Self>;
     type Span: Span<Self>;
@@ -99,9 +103,9 @@ pub trait Interner:
     type Ty: Ty<Self>;
     type Tys: Tys<Self>;
     type FnInputTys: Copy + Debug + Hash + Eq + SliceLike<Item = Self::Ty> + TypeVisitable<Self>;
-    type ParamTy: Copy + Debug + Hash + Eq + ParamLike;
-    type BoundTy: Copy + Debug + Hash + Eq + BoundVarLike<Self>;
-    type PlaceholderTy: PlaceholderLike;
+    type ParamTy: ParamLike;
+    type BoundTy: BoundVarLike<Self>;
+    type PlaceholderTy: PlaceholderLike<Self, Bound = Self::BoundTy>;
 
     // Things stored inside of tys
     type ErrorGuaranteed: Copy + Debug + Hash + Eq;
@@ -127,19 +131,19 @@ pub trait Interner:
 
     // Kinds of consts
     type Const: Const<Self>;
-    type PlaceholderConst: PlaceholderLike;
     type ParamConst: Copy + Debug + Hash + Eq + ParamLike;
-    type BoundConst: Copy + Debug + Hash + Eq + BoundVarLike<Self>;
+    type BoundConst: BoundVarLike<Self>;
+    type PlaceholderConst: PlaceholderLike<Self, Bound = Self::BoundConst>;
     type ValueConst: ValueConst<Self>;
     type ExprConst: ExprConst<Self>;
     type ValTree: Copy + Debug + Hash + Eq;
 
     // Kinds of regions
     type Region: Region<Self>;
-    type EarlyParamRegion: Copy + Debug + Hash + Eq + ParamLike;
+    type EarlyParamRegion: ParamLike;
     type LateParamRegion: Copy + Debug + Hash + Eq;
-    type BoundRegion: Copy + Debug + Hash + Eq + BoundVarLike<Self>;
-    type PlaceholderRegion: PlaceholderLike;
+    type BoundRegion: BoundVarLike<Self>;
+    type PlaceholderRegion: PlaceholderLike<Self, Bound = Self::BoundRegion>;
 
     // Predicates
     type ParamEnv: ParamEnv<Self>;
@@ -149,6 +153,13 @@ pub trait Interner:
 
     fn with_global_cache<R>(self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut search_graph::GlobalCache<Self>) -> R) -> R;
 
+    fn canonical_param_env_cache_get_or_insert<R>(
+        self,
+        param_env: Self::ParamEnv,
+        f: impl FnOnce() -> CanonicalParamEnvCacheEntry<Self>,
+        from_entry: impl FnOnce(&CanonicalParamEnvCacheEntry<Self>) -> R,
+    ) -> R;
+
     fn evaluation_is_concurrent(&self) -> bool;
 
     fn expand_abstract_consts<T: TypeFoldable<Self>>(self, t: T) -> T;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/search_graph/global_cache.rs b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/search_graph/global_cache.rs
index 0ce927b58bb..a2442660259 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/search_graph/global_cache.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/search_graph/global_cache.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use super::{AvailableDepth, Cx, NestedGoals};
 use crate::data_structures::HashMap;
 
 struct Success<X: Cx> {
-    additional_depth: usize,
+    required_depth: usize,
     nested_goals: NestedGoals<X>,
     result: X::Tracked<X::Result>,
 }
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ struct CacheEntry<X: Cx> {
 #[derive_where(Debug; X: Cx)]
 pub(super) struct CacheData<'a, X: Cx> {
     pub(super) result: X::Result,
-    pub(super) additional_depth: usize,
+    pub(super) required_depth: usize,
     pub(super) encountered_overflow: bool,
     pub(super) nested_goals: &'a NestedGoals<X>,
 }
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ impl<X: Cx> GlobalCache<X> {
         origin_result: X::Result,
         dep_node: X::DepNodeIndex,
 
-        additional_depth: usize,
+        required_depth: usize,
         encountered_overflow: bool,
         nested_goals: NestedGoals<X>,
     ) {
@@ -55,13 +55,13 @@ impl<X: Cx> GlobalCache<X> {
         let entry = self.map.entry(input).or_default();
         if encountered_overflow {
             let with_overflow = WithOverflow { nested_goals, result };
-            let prev = entry.with_overflow.insert(additional_depth, with_overflow);
+            let prev = entry.with_overflow.insert(required_depth, with_overflow);
             if let Some(prev) = &prev {
                 assert!(cx.evaluation_is_concurrent());
                 assert_eq!(cx.get_tracked(&prev.result), origin_result);
             }
         } else {
-            let prev = entry.success.replace(Success { additional_depth, nested_goals, result });
+            let prev = entry.success.replace(Success { required_depth, nested_goals, result });
             if let Some(prev) = &prev {
                 assert!(cx.evaluation_is_concurrent());
                 assert_eq!(cx.get_tracked(&prev.result), origin_result);
@@ -81,13 +81,13 @@ impl<X: Cx> GlobalCache<X> {
         mut candidate_is_applicable: impl FnMut(&NestedGoals<X>) -> bool,
     ) -> Option<CacheData<'a, X>> {
         let entry = self.map.get(&input)?;
-        if let Some(Success { additional_depth, ref nested_goals, ref result }) = entry.success {
-            if available_depth.cache_entry_is_applicable(additional_depth)
+        if let Some(Success { required_depth, ref nested_goals, ref result }) = entry.success {
+            if available_depth.cache_entry_is_applicable(required_depth)
                 && candidate_is_applicable(nested_goals)
             {
                 return Some(CacheData {
                     result: cx.get_tracked(&result),
-                    additional_depth,
+                    required_depth,
                     encountered_overflow: false,
                     nested_goals,
                 });
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ impl<X: Cx> GlobalCache<X> {
             if candidate_is_applicable(nested_goals) {
                 return Some(CacheData {
                     result: cx.get_tracked(result),
-                    additional_depth,
+                    required_depth: additional_depth,
                     encountered_overflow: true,
                     nested_goals,
                 });
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/search_graph/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/search_graph/mod.rs
index 1acd5d5c2af..f0eb96b47b1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/search_graph/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/search_graph/mod.rs
@@ -19,13 +19,14 @@ use std::hash::Hash;
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 
 use derive_where::derive_where;
-use rustc_index::{Idx, IndexVec};
 #[cfg(feature = "nightly")]
 use rustc_macros::{Decodable_NoContext, Encodable_NoContext, HashStable_NoContext};
 use tracing::debug;
 
 use crate::data_structures::HashMap;
 
+mod stack;
+use stack::{Stack, StackDepth, StackEntry};
 mod global_cache;
 use global_cache::CacheData;
 pub use global_cache::GlobalCache;
@@ -225,9 +226,9 @@ impl AvailableDepth {
     /// in case there is exponential blowup.
     fn allowed_depth_for_nested<D: Delegate>(
         root_depth: AvailableDepth,
-        stack: &IndexVec<StackDepth, StackEntry<D::Cx>>,
+        stack: &Stack<D::Cx>,
     ) -> Option<AvailableDepth> {
-        if let Some(last) = stack.raw.last() {
+        if let Some(last) = stack.last() {
             if last.available_depth.0 == 0 {
                 return None;
             }
@@ -433,50 +434,6 @@ impl<X: Cx> NestedGoals<X> {
     }
 }
 
-rustc_index::newtype_index! {
-    #[orderable]
-    #[gate_rustc_only]
-    pub struct StackDepth {}
-}
-
-/// Stack entries of the evaluation stack. Its fields tend to be lazily
-/// when popping a child goal or completely immutable.
-#[derive_where(Debug; X: Cx)]
-struct StackEntry<X: Cx> {
-    input: X::Input,
-
-    /// Whether proving this goal is a coinductive step.
-    ///
-    /// This is used when encountering a trait solver cycle to
-    /// decide whether the initial provisional result of the cycle.
-    step_kind_from_parent: PathKind,
-
-    /// The available depth of a given goal, immutable.
-    available_depth: AvailableDepth,
-
-    /// The maximum depth reached by this stack entry, only up-to date
-    /// for the top of the stack and lazily updated for the rest.
-    reached_depth: StackDepth,
-
-    /// All cycle heads this goal depends on. Lazily updated and only
-    /// up-to date for the top of the stack.
-    heads: CycleHeads,
-
-    /// Whether evaluating this goal encountered overflow. Lazily updated.
-    encountered_overflow: bool,
-
-    /// Whether this goal has been used as the root of a cycle. This gets
-    /// eagerly updated when encountering a cycle.
-    has_been_used: Option<UsageKind>,
-
-    /// The nested goals of this goal, see the doc comment of the type.
-    nested_goals: NestedGoals<X>,
-
-    /// Starts out as `None` and gets set when rerunning this
-    /// goal in case we encounter a cycle.
-    provisional_result: Option<X::Result>,
-}
-
 /// A provisional result of an already computed goals which depends on other
 /// goals still on the stack.
 #[derive_where(Debug; X: Cx)]
@@ -498,7 +455,7 @@ pub struct SearchGraph<D: Delegate<Cx = X>, X: Cx = <D as Delegate>::Cx> {
     /// The stack of goals currently being computed.
     ///
     /// An element is *deeper* in the stack if its index is *lower*.
-    stack: IndexVec<StackDepth, StackEntry<X>>,
+    stack: Stack<X>,
     /// The provisional cache contains entries for already computed goals which
     /// still depend on goals higher-up in the stack. We don't move them to the
     /// global cache and track them locally instead. A provisional cache entry
@@ -537,16 +494,16 @@ impl<D: Delegate<Cx = X>, X: Cx> SearchGraph<D> {
     /// and using existing global cache entries to make sure they
     /// have the same impact on the remaining evaluation.
     fn update_parent_goal(
-        stack: &mut IndexVec<StackDepth, StackEntry<X>>,
+        stack: &mut Stack<X>,
         step_kind_from_parent: PathKind,
-        reached_depth: StackDepth,
+        required_depth_for_nested: usize,
         heads: &CycleHeads,
         encountered_overflow: bool,
         context: UpdateParentGoalCtxt<'_, X>,
     ) {
         if let Some(parent_index) = stack.last_index() {
             let parent = &mut stack[parent_index];
-            parent.reached_depth = parent.reached_depth.max(reached_depth);
+            parent.required_depth = parent.required_depth.max(required_depth_for_nested + 1);
             parent.encountered_overflow |= encountered_overflow;
 
             parent.heads.extend_from_child(parent_index, step_kind_from_parent, heads);
@@ -588,13 +545,11 @@ impl<D: Delegate<Cx = X>, X: Cx> SearchGraph<D> {
     /// the stack which completes the cycle. This given an inductive step AB which then cycles
     /// coinductively with A, we need to treat this cycle as coinductive.
     fn cycle_path_kind(
-        stack: &IndexVec<StackDepth, StackEntry<X>>,
+        stack: &Stack<X>,
         step_kind_to_head: PathKind,
         head: StackDepth,
     ) -> PathKind {
-        stack.raw[head.index() + 1..]
-            .iter()
-            .fold(step_kind_to_head, |curr, entry| curr.extend(entry.step_kind_from_parent))
+        stack.cycle_step_kinds(head).fold(step_kind_to_head, |curr, step| curr.extend(step))
     }
 
     /// Probably the most involved method of the whole solver.
@@ -656,20 +611,18 @@ impl<D: Delegate<Cx = X>, X: Cx> SearchGraph<D> {
             return result;
         }
 
-        // Unfortunate, it looks like we actually have to compute this goalrar.
-        let depth = self.stack.next_index();
-        let entry = StackEntry {
+        // Unfortunate, it looks like we actually have to compute this goal.
+        self.stack.push(StackEntry {
             input,
             step_kind_from_parent,
             available_depth,
-            reached_depth: depth,
+            required_depth: 0,
             heads: Default::default(),
             encountered_overflow: false,
             has_been_used: None,
             nested_goals: Default::default(),
             provisional_result: None,
-        };
-        assert_eq!(self.stack.push(entry), depth);
+        });
 
         // This is for global caching, so we properly track query dependencies.
         // Everything that affects the `result` should be performed within this
@@ -686,7 +639,7 @@ impl<D: Delegate<Cx = X>, X: Cx> SearchGraph<D> {
         Self::update_parent_goal(
             &mut self.stack,
             final_entry.step_kind_from_parent,
-            final_entry.reached_depth,
+            final_entry.required_depth,
             &final_entry.heads,
             final_entry.encountered_overflow,
             UpdateParentGoalCtxt::Ordinary(&final_entry.nested_goals),
@@ -700,7 +653,7 @@ impl<D: Delegate<Cx = X>, X: Cx> SearchGraph<D> {
                 // the global cache.
                 assert_eq!(result, expected, "input={input:?}");
             } else if D::inspect_is_noop(inspect) {
-                self.insert_global_cache(cx, input, final_entry, result, dep_node)
+                self.insert_global_cache(cx, final_entry, result, dep_node)
             }
         } else if D::ENABLE_PROVISIONAL_CACHE {
             debug_assert!(validate_cache.is_none(), "unexpected non-root: {input:?}");
@@ -728,7 +681,7 @@ impl<D: Delegate<Cx = X>, X: Cx> SearchGraph<D> {
         input: X::Input,
         inspect: &mut D::ProofTreeBuilder,
     ) -> X::Result {
-        if let Some(last) = self.stack.raw.last_mut() {
+        if let Some(last) = self.stack.last_mut() {
             last.encountered_overflow = true;
             // If computing a goal `B` depends on another goal `A` and
             // `A` has a nested goal which overflows, then computing `B`
@@ -859,7 +812,7 @@ impl<D: Delegate<Cx = X>, X: Cx> SearchGraph<D> {
                 // apply provisional cache entries which encountered overflow once the
                 // current goal is already part of the same cycle. This check could be
                 // improved but seems to be good enough for now.
-                let last = self.stack.raw.last().unwrap();
+                let last = self.stack.last().unwrap();
                 if last.heads.opt_lowest_cycle_head().is_none_or(|lowest| lowest > head) {
                     continue;
                 }
@@ -868,14 +821,10 @@ impl<D: Delegate<Cx = X>, X: Cx> SearchGraph<D> {
             // A provisional cache entry is only valid if the current path from its
             // highest cycle head to the goal is the same.
             if path_from_head == Self::cycle_path_kind(&self.stack, step_kind_from_parent, head) {
-                // While we don't have to track the full depth of the provisional cache entry,
-                // we do have to increment the required depth by one as we'd have already failed
-                // with overflow otherwise
-                let next_index = self.stack.next_index();
                 Self::update_parent_goal(
                     &mut self.stack,
                     step_kind_from_parent,
-                    next_index,
+                    0,
                     heads,
                     encountered_overflow,
                     UpdateParentGoalCtxt::ProvisionalCacheHit,
@@ -893,7 +842,7 @@ impl<D: Delegate<Cx = X>, X: Cx> SearchGraph<D> {
     /// evaluating this entry would not have ended up depending on either a goal
     /// already on the stack or a provisional cache entry.
     fn candidate_is_applicable(
-        stack: &IndexVec<StackDepth, StackEntry<X>>,
+        stack: &Stack<X>,
         step_kind_from_parent: PathKind,
         provisional_cache: &HashMap<X::Input, Vec<ProvisionalCacheEntry<X>>>,
         nested_goals: &NestedGoals<X>,
@@ -991,7 +940,7 @@ impl<D: Delegate<Cx = X>, X: Cx> SearchGraph<D> {
         available_depth: AvailableDepth,
     ) -> Option<X::Result> {
         cx.with_global_cache(|cache| {
-            let CacheData { result, additional_depth, encountered_overflow, nested_goals } = cache
+            let CacheData { result, required_depth, encountered_overflow, nested_goals } = cache
                 .get(cx, input, available_depth, |nested_goals| {
                     Self::candidate_is_applicable(
                         &self.stack,
@@ -1001,23 +950,19 @@ impl<D: Delegate<Cx = X>, X: Cx> SearchGraph<D> {
                     )
                 })?;
 
-            // Update the reached depth of the current goal to make sure
-            // its state is the same regardless of whether we've used the
-            // global cache or not.
-            let reached_depth = self.stack.next_index().plus(additional_depth);
             // We don't move cycle participants to the global cache, so the
             // cycle heads are always empty.
             let heads = Default::default();
             Self::update_parent_goal(
                 &mut self.stack,
                 step_kind_from_parent,
-                reached_depth,
+                required_depth,
                 &heads,
                 encountered_overflow,
                 UpdateParentGoalCtxt::Ordinary(nested_goals),
             );
 
-            debug!(?additional_depth, "global cache hit");
+            debug!(?required_depth, "global cache hit");
             Some(result)
         })
     }
@@ -1028,7 +973,7 @@ impl<D: Delegate<Cx = X>, X: Cx> SearchGraph<D> {
         input: X::Input,
         step_kind_from_parent: PathKind,
     ) -> Option<X::Result> {
-        let (head, _stack_entry) = self.stack.iter_enumerated().find(|(_, e)| e.input == input)?;
+        let head = self.stack.find(input)?;
         // We have a nested goal which directly relies on a goal deeper in the stack.
         //
         // We start by tagging all cycle participants, as that's necessary for caching.
@@ -1043,10 +988,9 @@ impl<D: Delegate<Cx = X>, X: Cx> SearchGraph<D> {
 
         // Subtle: when encountering a cyclic goal, we still first checked for overflow,
         // so we have to update the reached depth.
-        let next_index = self.stack.next_index();
         let last_index = self.stack.last_index().unwrap();
         let last = &mut self.stack[last_index];
-        last.reached_depth = last.reached_depth.max(next_index);
+        last.required_depth = last.required_depth.max(1);
 
         last.nested_goals.insert(input, step_kind_from_parent.into());
         last.nested_goals.insert(last.input, PathsToNested::EMPTY);
@@ -1095,7 +1039,7 @@ impl<D: Delegate<Cx = X>, X: Cx> SearchGraph<D> {
         let mut i = 0;
         loop {
             let result = evaluate_goal(self, inspect);
-            let stack_entry = self.stack.pop().unwrap();
+            let stack_entry = self.stack.pop();
             debug_assert_eq!(stack_entry.input, input);
 
             // If the current goal is not the root of a cycle, we are done.
@@ -1176,20 +1120,18 @@ impl<D: Delegate<Cx = X>, X: Cx> SearchGraph<D> {
     fn insert_global_cache(
         &mut self,
         cx: X,
-        input: X::Input,
         final_entry: StackEntry<X>,
         result: X::Result,
         dep_node: X::DepNodeIndex,
     ) {
-        let additional_depth = final_entry.reached_depth.as_usize() - self.stack.len();
         debug!(?final_entry, ?result, "insert global cache");
         cx.with_global_cache(|cache| {
             cache.insert(
                 cx,
-                input,
+                final_entry.input,
                 result,
                 dep_node,
-                additional_depth,
+                final_entry.required_depth,
                 final_entry.encountered_overflow,
                 final_entry.nested_goals,
             )
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/search_graph/stack.rs b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/search_graph/stack.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8bb247bf055
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/search_graph/stack.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+use std::ops::{Index, IndexMut};
+
+use derive_where::derive_where;
+use rustc_index::IndexVec;
+
+use super::{AvailableDepth, Cx, CycleHeads, NestedGoals, PathKind, UsageKind};
+
+rustc_index::newtype_index! {
+    #[orderable]
+    #[gate_rustc_only]
+    pub(super) struct StackDepth {}
+}
+
+/// Stack entries of the evaluation stack. Its fields tend to be lazily
+/// when popping a child goal or completely immutable.
+#[derive_where(Debug; X: Cx)]
+pub(super) struct StackEntry<X: Cx> {
+    pub input: X::Input,
+
+    /// Whether proving this goal is a coinductive step.
+    ///
+    /// This is used when encountering a trait solver cycle to
+    /// decide whether the initial provisional result of the cycle.
+    pub step_kind_from_parent: PathKind,
+
+    /// The available depth of a given goal, immutable.
+    pub available_depth: AvailableDepth,
+
+    /// The maximum depth required while evaluating this goal.
+    pub required_depth: usize,
+
+    /// All cycle heads this goal depends on. Lazily updated and only
+    /// up-to date for the top of the stack.
+    pub heads: CycleHeads,
+
+    /// Whether evaluating this goal encountered overflow. Lazily updated.
+    pub encountered_overflow: bool,
+
+    /// Whether this goal has been used as the root of a cycle. This gets
+    /// eagerly updated when encountering a cycle.
+    pub has_been_used: Option<UsageKind>,
+
+    /// The nested goals of this goal, see the doc comment of the type.
+    pub nested_goals: NestedGoals<X>,
+
+    /// Starts out as `None` and gets set when rerunning this
+    /// goal in case we encounter a cycle.
+    pub provisional_result: Option<X::Result>,
+}
+
+#[derive_where(Default; X: Cx)]
+pub(super) struct Stack<X: Cx> {
+    entries: IndexVec<StackDepth, StackEntry<X>>,
+}
+
+impl<X: Cx> Stack<X> {
+    pub(super) fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.entries.is_empty()
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.entries.len()
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn last_index(&self) -> Option<StackDepth> {
+        self.entries.last_index()
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn last(&self) -> Option<&StackEntry<X>> {
+        self.entries.raw.last()
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn last_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut StackEntry<X>> {
+        self.entries.raw.last_mut()
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn next_index(&self) -> StackDepth {
+        self.entries.next_index()
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn push(&mut self, entry: StackEntry<X>) -> StackDepth {
+        self.entries.push(entry)
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn pop(&mut self) -> StackEntry<X> {
+        self.entries.pop().unwrap()
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn cycle_step_kinds(&self, head: StackDepth) -> impl Iterator<Item = PathKind> {
+        self.entries.raw[head.index() + 1..].iter().map(|entry| entry.step_kind_from_parent)
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &StackEntry<X>> {
+        self.entries.iter()
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn find(&self, input: X::Input) -> Option<StackDepth> {
+        self.entries.iter_enumerated().find(|(_, e)| e.input == input).map(|(idx, _)| idx)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<X: Cx> Index<StackDepth> for Stack<X> {
+    type Output = StackEntry<X>;
+    fn index(&self, index: StackDepth) -> &StackEntry<X> {
+        &self.entries[index]
+    }
+}
+
+impl<X: Cx> IndexMut<StackDepth> for Stack<X> {
+    fn index_mut(&mut self, index: StackDepth) -> &mut Self::Output {
+        &mut self.entries[index]
+    }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/ty_kind.rs b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/ty_kind.rs
index 0cd98b5aa53..9669772d1a6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/ty_kind.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/ty_kind.rs
@@ -771,23 +771,6 @@ pub enum InferTy {
     FreshFloatTy(u32),
 }
 
-/// Raw `TyVid` are used as the unification key for `sub_relations`;
-/// they carry no values.
-impl UnifyKey for TyVid {
-    type Value = ();
-    #[inline]
-    fn index(&self) -> u32 {
-        self.as_u32()
-    }
-    #[inline]
-    fn from_index(i: u32) -> TyVid {
-        TyVid::from_u32(i)
-    }
-    fn tag() -> &'static str {
-        "TyVid"
-    }
-}
-
 impl UnifyValue for IntVarValue {
     type Error = NoError;
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/ty_kind/closure.rs b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/ty_kind/closure.rs
index 8ba985d2d19..d1ca9bdb7fb 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/ty_kind/closure.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/ty_kind/closure.rs
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ struct HasRegionsBoundAt {
 // FIXME: Could be optimized to not walk into components with no escaping bound vars.
 impl<I: Interner> TypeVisitor<I> for HasRegionsBoundAt {
     type Result = ControlFlow<()>;
-    fn visit_binder<T: TypeFoldable<I>>(&mut self, t: &ty::Binder<I, T>) -> Self::Result {
+    fn visit_binder<T: TypeVisitable<I>>(&mut self, t: &ty::Binder<I, T>) -> Self::Result {
         self.binder.shift_in(1);
         t.super_visit_with(self)?;
         self.binder.shift_out(1);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/visit.rs b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/visit.rs
index fc3864dd5ae..a96ac97f785 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/visit.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/visit.rs
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ use smallvec::SmallVec;
 use thin_vec::ThinVec;
 
 use crate::inherent::*;
-use crate::{self as ty, Interner, TypeFlags, TypeFoldable};
+use crate::{self as ty, Interner, TypeFlags};
 
 /// This trait is implemented for every type that can be visited,
 /// providing the skeleton of the traversal.
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ pub trait TypeVisitor<I: Interner>: Sized {
     #[cfg(not(feature = "nightly"))]
     type Result: VisitorResult;
 
-    fn visit_binder<T: TypeFoldable<I>>(&mut self, t: &ty::Binder<I, T>) -> Self::Result {
+    fn visit_binder<T: TypeVisitable<I>>(&mut self, t: &ty::Binder<I, T>) -> Self::Result {
         t.super_visit_with(self)
     }
 
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ impl std::fmt::Debug for HasTypeFlagsVisitor {
 impl<I: Interner> TypeVisitor<I> for HasTypeFlagsVisitor {
     type Result = ControlFlow<FoundFlags>;
 
-    fn visit_binder<T: TypeFoldable<I>>(&mut self, t: &ty::Binder<I, T>) -> Self::Result {
+    fn visit_binder<T: TypeVisitable<I>>(&mut self, t: &ty::Binder<I, T>) -> Self::Result {
         // If we're looking for the HAS_BINDER_VARS flag, check if the
         // binder has vars. This won't be present in the binder's bound
         // value, so we need to check here too.
@@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ struct HasEscapingVarsVisitor {
 impl<I: Interner> TypeVisitor<I> for HasEscapingVarsVisitor {
     type Result = ControlFlow<FoundEscapingVars>;
 
-    fn visit_binder<T: TypeFoldable<I>>(&mut self, t: &ty::Binder<I, T>) -> Self::Result {
+    fn visit_binder<T: TypeVisitable<I>>(&mut self, t: &ty::Binder<I, T>) -> Self::Result {
         self.outer_index.shift_in(1);
         let result = t.super_visit_with(self);
         self.outer_index.shift_out(1);