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-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_abi/src/layout.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast/src/ast.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast/src/attr/mod.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast/src/expand/allocator.rs22
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast/src/token.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast/src/tokenstream.rs17
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast/src/util/literal.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/messages.ftl168
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/asm.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/item.rs10
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/lib.rs50
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast_passes/messages.ftl300
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/ast_validation.rs7
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/feature_gate.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_attr/messages.ftl128
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_attr/src/builtin.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_borrowck/messages.ftl346
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/borrow_set.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/consumers.rs98
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/dataflow.rs132
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/def_use.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/bound_region_errors.rs43
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/conflict_errors.rs28
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/explain_borrow.rs11
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/mod.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/mutability_errors.rs12
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/outlives_suggestion.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/invalidation.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/lib.rs76
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/nll.rs19
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/place_ext.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/places_conflict.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/region_infer/mod.rs29
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/region_infer/opaque_types.rs26
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/region_infer/values.rs18
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/canonical.rs68
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/free_region_relations.rs21
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/liveness/trace.rs18
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/mod.rs165
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/relate_tys.rs29
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/universal_regions.rs11
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/messages.ftl232
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/asm.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/assert/context.rs16
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/cfg_eval.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/compile_error.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/concat_idents.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/bounds.rs23
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/clone.rs11
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/cmp/eq.rs11
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/cmp/ord.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/cmp/partial_eq.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/cmp/partial_ord.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/default.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/generic/mod.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/hash.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/env.rs12
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/errors.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/format.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/format_foreign.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/global_allocator.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/lib.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/source_util.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/trace_macros.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/Readme.md26
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/abi/mod.rs10
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/allocator.rs79
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/base.rs16
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/common.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/pretty_clif.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/messages.ftl66
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/allocator.rs125
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/builder.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/common.rs42
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/consts.rs17
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/lib.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/type_of.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/Cargo.toml2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/messages.ftl108
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/allocator.rs145
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/attributes.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/lto.rs49
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/builder.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/callee.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/common.rs49
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/coverageinfo/mapgen.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/coverageinfo/mod.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/create_scope_map.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/gdb.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/metadata.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/declare.rs64
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/intrinsic.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/lib.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm/ffi.rs7
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm_util.rs172
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/mono_item.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/type_of.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/Cargo.toml6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/messages.ftl324
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs52
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/linker.rs24
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/metadata.rs41
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/symbol_export.rs15
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/write.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/base.rs23
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/codegen_attrs.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/errors.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/lib.rs20
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/analyze.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/block.rs23
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/debuginfo.rs153
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/mod.rs15
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/operand.rs148
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/rvalue.rs79
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/target_features.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/traits/backend.rs13
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/traits/consts.rs12
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_const_eval/messages.ftl98
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/const_eval/error.rs7
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/const_eval/eval_queries.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/const_eval/fn_queries.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/const_eval/machine.rs84
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/const_eval/mod.rs39
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/errors.rs20
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/eval_context.rs40
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/intrinsics/caller_location.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/operand.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/terminator.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/lib.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/transform/check_consts/check.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/transform/check_consts/mod.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/transform/validate.rs12
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/util/check_validity_requirement.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/util/compare_types.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/util/type_name.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_data_structures/Cargo.toml3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/graph/dominators/mod.rs129
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/graph/dominators/tests.rs41
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/lib.rs24
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/marker.rs257
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/obligation_forest/mod.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/owned_slice.rs43
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/owned_slice/tests.rs20
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/profiling.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/sharded.rs48
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/sync.rs253
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/sync/worker_local.rs7
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_driver_impl/Cargo.toml2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_driver_impl/messages.ftl20
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_driver_impl/src/args.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_driver_impl/src/lib.rs37
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes/E0133.md19
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_error_messages/src/lib.rs45
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_errors/Cargo.toml3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_errors/messages.ftl22
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_errors/src/diagnostic.rs24
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_errors/src/diagnostic_builder.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_errors/src/emitter.rs56
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_errors/src/lib.rs39
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_errors/src/lock.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_errors/src/tests.rs10
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_expand/messages.ftl178
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_expand/src/base.rs33
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_expand/src/expand.rs14
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_expand/src/mbe/diagnostics.rs12
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_expand/src/mbe/macro_check.rs13
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_expand/src/mbe/transcribe.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_feature/src/accepted.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_feature/src/active.rs12
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_feature/src/builtin_attrs.rs9
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_feature/src/lib.rs11
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_feature/src/removed.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir/src/errors.rs10
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir.rs7
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir/src/lang_items.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir/src/lib.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir/src/tests.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/messages.ftl366
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/astconv/generics.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/astconv/mod.rs57
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/autoderef.rs76
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/check.rs37
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/compare_impl_item.rs23
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/dropck.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/intrinsic.rs25
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/mod.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/wfcheck.rs45
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/coherence/builtin.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/coherence/mod.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/coherence/orphan.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect.rs19
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/generics_of.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/item_bounds.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/predicates_of.rs17
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/resolve_bound_vars.rs10
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/type_of.rs330
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/type_of/opaque.rs343
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/hir_wf_check.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/impl_wf_check.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/lib.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/outlives/explicit.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/outlives/implicit_infer.rs13
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/outlives/mod.rs39
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/structured_errors/wrong_number_of_generic_args.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/variance/mod.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/messages.ftl107
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/callee.rs46
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/cast.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/check.rs23
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/closure.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/coercion.rs27
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/demand.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/errors.rs36
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/expr.rs7
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/expr_use_visitor.rs19
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/_impl.rs79
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/checks.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/suggestions.rs10
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/generator_interior/drop_ranges/mod.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/generator_interior/mod.rs12
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/inherited.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/lib.rs11
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/mem_categorization.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/confirm.rs27
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/mod.rs7
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/probe.rs9
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/suggest.rs184
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/op.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/place_op.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/upvar.rs28
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/writeback.rs88
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_incremental/messages.ftl140
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/file_format.rs35
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/load.rs32
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/save.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_index/src/bit_set.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_index/src/interval.rs28
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/messages.ftl591
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/at.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/canonicalizer.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/mod.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/query_response.rs45
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/combine.rs595
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/equate.rs9
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/mod.rs33
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/need_type_info.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/placeholder_error.rs10
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/note_and_explain.rs43
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/generalize.rs479
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/higher_ranked/mod.rs20
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/lattice.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/lexical_region_resolve/mod.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/mod.rs73
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/nll_relate/mod.rs298
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/opaque_types.rs115
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/test_type_match.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/verify.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/region_constraints/leak_check.rs144
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/region_constraints/mod.rs19
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/sub.rs9
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/undo_log.rs15
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_interface/messages.ftl54
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_interface/src/interface.rs25
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_interface/src/passes.rs18
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_interface/src/proc_macro_decls.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_interface/src/queries.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_interface/src/tests.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_interface/src/util.rs15
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_lexer/src/lib.rs28
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_lint/messages.ftl735
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_lint/src/builtin.rs22
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_lint/src/cast_ref_to_mut.rs72
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_lint/src/context.rs20
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_lint/src/drop_forget_useless.rs164
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_lint/src/errors.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_lint/src/expect.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_lint/src/internal.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_lint/src/invalid_from_utf8.rs118
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_lint/src/late.rs10
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_lint/src/levels.rs12
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_lint/src/lib.rs11
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_lint/src/lints.rs63
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_lint/src/non_fmt_panic.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_lint/src/types.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_lint/src/unused.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_lint_defs/src/builtin.rs76
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_lint_defs/src/lib.rs10
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_llvm/llvm-wrapper/LLVMWrapper.h1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_llvm/llvm-wrapper/PassWrapper.cpp60
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_llvm/llvm-wrapper/RustWrapper.cpp2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_macros/src/query.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_metadata/messages.ftl382
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_metadata/src/creader.rs38
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_metadata/src/locator.rs45
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/decoder.rs167
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/decoder/cstore_impl.rs23
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/def_path_hash_map.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/encoder.rs57
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/mod.rs44
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/table.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/Cargo.toml1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/messages.ftl46
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/arena.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/error.rs10
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/hir/map/mod.rs29
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/hir/mod.rs19
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/infer/canonical.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/lib.rs10
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-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/plumbing.rs (renamed from compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/query.rs)321
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/traits/mod.rs37
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/traits/query.rs2
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-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/consts.rs18
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-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context.rs163
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-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/diagnostics.rs13
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-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/error.rs13
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-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/inhabitedness/mod.rs6
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-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/mod.rs111
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-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_middle/src/util/bug.rs4
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-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/check_match.rs76
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/const_to_pat.rs370
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-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/usefulness.rs16
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-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_transform/messages.ftl81
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/add_moves_for_packed_drops.rs9
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-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/const_prop.rs39
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/const_prop_lint.rs2
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-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/debug.rs31
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/graph.rs29
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/query.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/spans.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/tests.rs11
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-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/elaborate_drops.rs9
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/ffi_unwind_calls.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/function_item_references.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/generator.rs11
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/inline.rs74
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-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/match_branches.rs9
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-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/prettify.rs150
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/ref_prop.rs115
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/required_consts.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/separate_const_switch.rs2
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-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/simplify.rs2
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-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/ssa.rs75
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_monomorphize/messages.ftl34
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-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_monomorphize/src/partitioning/merging.rs111
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_monomorphize/src/partitioning/mod.rs666
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_monomorphize/src/polymorphize.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_monomorphize/src/util.rs4
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-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/expr.rs12
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-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_passes/src/debugger_visualizer.rs124
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-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_query_impl/Cargo.toml2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_query_impl/src/lib.rs209
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-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_query_system/src/query/config.rs11
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-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_resolve/Cargo.toml2
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-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_session/src/session.rs48
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_smir/src/rustc_smir/mod.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_span/src/def_id.rs9
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_span/src/hygiene.rs10
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_span/src/lib.rs32
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_span/src/source_map.rs45
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-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/lib.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/typeid.rs24
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/typeid/typeid_itanium_cxx_abi.rs144
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/v0.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/abi/call/mod.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/asm/mod.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/lib.rs1
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_apple_darwin.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_apple_ios_macabi.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_linux_musl.rs7
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mips64_unknown_linux_gnuabi64.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mips64el_unknown_linux_gnuabi64.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mod.rs114
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_apple_ios_macabi.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_pc_solaris.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_illumos.rs2
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-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/messages.ftl14
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-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/assembly/mod.rs26
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/assembly/structural_traits.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/canonicalize.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/eval_ctxt.rs108
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/eval_ctxt/canonical.rs55
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/fulfill.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/mod.rs77
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/opaques.rs67
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/project_goals.rs48
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/search_graph/cache.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/search_graph/mod.rs54
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/trait_goals.rs16
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/auto_trait.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/coherence.rs116
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/const_evaluatable.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/engine.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs26
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/on_unimplemented.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/suggestions.rs345
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/fulfill.rs3
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/mod.rs112
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/object_safety.rs8
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/outlives_bounds.rs41
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/project.rs11
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/dropck_outlives.rs269
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/evaluate_obligation.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/ascribe_user_type.rs123
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/custom.rs68
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/eq.rs14
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/implied_outlives_bounds.rs181
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/mod.rs68
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/normalize.rs24
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/outlives.rs16
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/prove_predicate.rs20
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/subtype.rs14
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/candidate_assembly.rs19
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/confirmation.rs54
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/mod.rs67
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/structural_normalize.rs55
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/util.rs7
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/vtable.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_traits/src/chalk/db.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_traits/src/chalk/lowering.rs26
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_traits/src/chalk/mod.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_traits/src/codegen.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_traits/src/dropck_outlives.rs268
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_traits/src/evaluate_obligation.rs6
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_traits/src/implied_outlives_bounds.rs173
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_traits/src/lib.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_traits/src/normalize_erasing_regions.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_traits/src/normalize_projection_ty.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_traits/src/type_op.rs125
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ty_utils/messages.ftl62
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/abi.rs44
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/assoc.rs7
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/common_traits.rs11
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/consts.rs11
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/errors.rs24
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/implied_bounds.rs18
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/instance.rs5
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/layout.rs7
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/lib.rs4
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/needs_drop.rs7
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/opaque_types.rs198
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/representability.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/structural_match.rs2
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/ty.rs16
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/lib.rs25
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/structural_impls.rs22
-rw-r--r--compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/sty.rs72
593 files changed, 16277 insertions, 12698 deletions
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_abi/src/layout.rs b/compiler/rustc_abi/src/layout.rs
index 3d97d9b4895..f11c1c77f9c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_abi/src/layout.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_abi/src/layout.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use tracing::debug;
 pub trait LayoutCalculator {
     type TargetDataLayoutRef: Borrow<TargetDataLayout>;
 
-    fn delay_bug(&self, txt: &str);
+    fn delay_bug(&self, txt: String);
     fn current_data_layout(&self) -> Self::TargetDataLayoutRef;
 
     fn scalar_pair(&self, a: Scalar, b: Scalar) -> LayoutS {
@@ -969,7 +969,7 @@ fn univariant(
     for &i in &inverse_memory_index {
         let field = &fields[i];
         if !sized {
-            this.delay_bug(&format!(
+            this.delay_bug(format!(
                 "univariant: field #{} comes after unsized field",
                 offsets.len(),
             ));
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/ast.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/ast.rs
index 43b429f6947..4360fbeb9bb 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/ast.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/ast.rs
@@ -2391,10 +2391,10 @@ pub struct FnDecl {
 
 impl FnDecl {
     pub fn has_self(&self) -> bool {
-        self.inputs.get(0).map_or(false, Param::is_self)
+        self.inputs.get(0).is_some_and(Param::is_self)
     }
     pub fn c_variadic(&self) -> bool {
-        self.inputs.last().map_or(false, |arg| matches!(arg.ty.kind, TyKind::CVarArgs))
+        self.inputs.last().is_some_and(|arg| matches!(arg.ty.kind, TyKind::CVarArgs))
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/attr/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/attr/mod.rs
index e6c4db9e2ae..15fe29580c2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/attr/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/attr/mod.rs
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ impl Attribute {
     }
 
     pub fn may_have_doc_links(&self) -> bool {
-        self.doc_str().map_or(false, |s| comments::may_have_doc_links(s.as_str()))
+        self.doc_str().is_some_and(|s| comments::may_have_doc_links(s.as_str()))
     }
 
     pub fn is_proc_macro_attr(&self) -> bool {
@@ -441,12 +441,12 @@ impl NestedMetaItem {
 
     /// Returns `true` if this list item is a MetaItem with a name of `name`.
     pub fn has_name(&self, name: Symbol) -> bool {
-        self.meta_item().map_or(false, |meta_item| meta_item.has_name(name))
+        self.meta_item().is_some_and(|meta_item| meta_item.has_name(name))
     }
 
     /// Returns `true` if `self` is a `MetaItem` and the meta item is a word.
     pub fn is_word(&self) -> bool {
-        self.meta_item().map_or(false, |meta_item| meta_item.is_word())
+        self.meta_item().is_some_and(|meta_item| meta_item.is_word())
     }
 
     /// Gets a list of inner meta items from a list `MetaItem` type.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/expand/allocator.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/expand/allocator.rs
index 35939496348..e87f6e820a1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/expand/allocator.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/expand/allocator.rs
@@ -1,20 +1,28 @@
 use rustc_span::symbol::{sym, Symbol};
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, Copy, HashStable_Generic)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Copy, Eq, PartialEq, HashStable_Generic)]
 pub enum AllocatorKind {
     Global,
     Default,
 }
 
-impl AllocatorKind {
-    pub fn fn_name(&self, base: Symbol) -> String {
-        match *self {
-            AllocatorKind::Global => format!("__rg_{base}"),
-            AllocatorKind::Default => format!("__rdl_{base}"),
-        }
+pub fn global_fn_name(base: Symbol) -> String {
+    format!("__rust_{base}")
+}
+
+pub fn default_fn_name(base: Symbol) -> String {
+    format!("__rdl_{base}")
+}
+
+pub fn alloc_error_handler_name(alloc_error_handler_kind: AllocatorKind) -> &'static str {
+    match alloc_error_handler_kind {
+        AllocatorKind::Global => "__rg_oom",
+        AllocatorKind::Default => "__rdl_oom",
     }
 }
 
+pub const NO_ALLOC_SHIM_IS_UNSTABLE: &str = "__rust_no_alloc_shim_is_unstable";
+
 pub enum AllocatorTy {
     Layout,
     Ptr,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/token.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/token.rs
index 42b843482a3..6646fa9446f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/token.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/token.rs
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ use rustc_data_structures::stable_hasher::{HashStable, StableHasher};
 use rustc_data_structures::sync::Lrc;
 use rustc_macros::HashStable_Generic;
 use rustc_span::symbol::{kw, sym};
+#[cfg_attr(not(bootstrap), allow(hidden_glob_reexports))]
 use rustc_span::symbol::{Ident, Symbol};
 use rustc_span::{self, edition::Edition, Span, DUMMY_SP};
 use std::borrow::Cow;
@@ -607,7 +608,7 @@ impl Token {
     /// Returns `true` if the token is an identifier whose name is the given
     /// string slice.
     pub fn is_ident_named(&self, name: Symbol) -> bool {
-        self.ident().map_or(false, |(ident, _)| ident.name == name)
+        self.ident().is_some_and(|(ident, _)| ident.name == name)
     }
 
     /// Returns `true` if the token is an interpolated path.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/tokenstream.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/tokenstream.rs
index f0a6a5e0725..db296aa44db 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/tokenstream.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/tokenstream.rs
@@ -48,14 +48,15 @@ pub enum TokenTree {
     Delimited(DelimSpan, Delimiter, TokenStream),
 }
 
-// Ensure all fields of `TokenTree` is `Send` and `Sync`.
+// Ensure all fields of `TokenTree` are `DynSend` and `DynSync`.
 #[cfg(parallel_compiler)]
 fn _dummy()
 where
-    Token: Send + Sync,
-    DelimSpan: Send + Sync,
-    Delimiter: Send + Sync,
-    TokenStream: Send + Sync,
+    Token: sync::DynSend + sync::DynSync,
+    Spacing: sync::DynSend + sync::DynSync,
+    DelimSpan: sync::DynSend + sync::DynSync,
+    Delimiter: sync::DynSend + sync::DynSync,
+    TokenStream: sync::DynSend + sync::DynSync,
 {
 }
 
@@ -118,7 +119,7 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-pub trait ToAttrTokenStream: sync::Send + sync::Sync {
+pub trait ToAttrTokenStream: sync::DynSend + sync::DynSync {
     fn to_attr_token_stream(&self) -> AttrTokenStream;
 }
 
@@ -550,6 +551,10 @@ impl TokenStream {
             vec_mut.extend(stream_iter);
         }
     }
+
+    pub fn chunks(&self, chunk_size: usize) -> core::slice::Chunks<'_, TokenTree> {
+        self.0.chunks(chunk_size)
+    }
 }
 
 /// By-reference iterator over a [`TokenStream`], that produces `&TokenTree`
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/util/literal.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/util/literal.rs
index 15a54fe13d0..50eb92125b9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/util/literal.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/util/literal.rs
@@ -392,8 +392,7 @@ fn integer_lit(symbol: Symbol, suffix: Option<Symbol>) -> Result<LitKind, LitErr
         // Small bases are lexed as if they were base 10, e.g, the string
         // might be `0b10201`. This will cause the conversion above to fail,
         // but these kinds of errors are already reported by the lexer.
-        let from_lexer =
-            base < 10 && s.chars().any(|c| c.to_digit(10).map_or(false, |d| d >= base));
+        let from_lexer = base < 10 && s.chars().any(|c| c.to_digit(10).is_some_and(|d| d >= base));
         if from_lexer { LitError::LexerError } else { LitError::IntTooLarge(base) }
     })
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/messages.ftl
index 21b2a3c22fa..f63a9bfcd70 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/messages.ftl
@@ -1,99 +1,121 @@
-ast_lowering_generic_type_with_parentheses =
-    parenthesized type parameters may only be used with a `Fn` trait
-    .label = only `Fn` traits may use parentheses
-
-ast_lowering_use_angle_brackets = use angle brackets instead
+ast_lowering_abi_specified_multiple_times =
+    `{$prev_name}` ABI specified multiple times
+    .label = previously specified here
+    .note = these ABIs are equivalent on the current target
 
-ast_lowering_invalid_abi =
-    invalid ABI: found `{$abi}`
-    .label = invalid ABI
-    .note = invoke `{$command}` for a full list of supported calling conventions.
+ast_lowering_arbitrary_expression_in_pattern =
+    arbitrary expressions aren't allowed in patterns
 
-ast_lowering_invalid_abi_suggestion = did you mean
+ast_lowering_argument = argument
 
 ast_lowering_assoc_ty_parentheses =
     parenthesized generic arguments cannot be used in associated type constraints
 
-ast_lowering_remove_parentheses = remove these parentheses
-
-ast_lowering_misplaced_impl_trait =
-    `impl Trait` only allowed in function and inherent method return types, not in {$position}
-
-ast_lowering_misplaced_assoc_ty_binding =
-    associated type bounds are only allowed in where clauses and function signatures, not in {$position}
+ast_lowering_async_generators_not_supported =
+    `async` generators are not yet supported
 
-ast_lowering_underscore_expr_lhs_assign =
-    in expressions, `_` can only be used on the left-hand side of an assignment
-    .label = `_` not allowed here
+ast_lowering_async_non_move_closure_not_supported =
+    `async` non-`move` closures with parameters are not currently supported
+    .help = consider using `let` statements to manually capture variables by reference before entering an `async move` closure
 
-ast_lowering_base_expression_double_dot =
-    base expression required after `..`
-    .label = add a base expression here
+ast_lowering_att_syntax_only_x86 =
+    the `att_syntax` option is only supported on x86
 
 ast_lowering_await_only_in_async_fn_and_blocks =
     `await` is only allowed inside `async` functions and blocks
     .label = only allowed inside `async` functions and blocks
 
-ast_lowering_this_not_async = this is not `async`
+ast_lowering_bad_return_type_notation_inputs =
+    argument types not allowed with return type notation
+    .suggestion = remove the input types
 
-ast_lowering_generator_too_many_parameters =
-    too many parameters for a generator (expected 0 or 1 parameters)
+ast_lowering_bad_return_type_notation_needs_dots =
+    return type notation arguments must be elided with `..`
+    .suggestion = add `..`
+
+ast_lowering_bad_return_type_notation_output =
+    return type not allowed with return type notation
+    .suggestion = remove the return type
+
+ast_lowering_base_expression_double_dot =
+    base expression required after `..`
+    .label = add a base expression here
+
+ast_lowering_clobber_abi_not_supported =
+    `clobber_abi` is not supported on this target
 
 ast_lowering_closure_cannot_be_static = closures cannot be static
 
-ast_lowering_async_non_move_closure_not_supported =
-    `async` non-`move` closures with parameters are not currently supported
-    .help = consider using `let` statements to manually capture variables by reference before entering an `async move` closure
+ast_lowering_does_not_support_modifiers =
+    the `{$class_name}` register class does not support template modifiers
+
+ast_lowering_extra_double_dot =
+    `..` can only be used once per {$ctx} pattern
+    .label = can only be used once per {$ctx} pattern
 
 ast_lowering_functional_record_update_destructuring_assignment =
     functional record updates are not allowed in destructuring assignments
     .suggestion = consider removing the trailing pattern
 
-ast_lowering_async_generators_not_supported =
-    `async` generators are not yet supported
+ast_lowering_generator_too_many_parameters =
+    too many parameters for a generator (expected 0 or 1 parameters)
 
-ast_lowering_inline_asm_unsupported_target =
-    inline assembly is unsupported on this target
+ast_lowering_generic_type_with_parentheses =
+    parenthesized type parameters may only be used with a `Fn` trait
+    .label = only `Fn` traits may use parentheses
 
-ast_lowering_att_syntax_only_x86 =
-    the `att_syntax` option is only supported on x86
+ast_lowering_inclusive_range_with_no_end = inclusive range with no end
 
-ast_lowering_abi_specified_multiple_times =
-    `{$prev_name}` ABI specified multiple times
-    .label = previously specified here
-    .note = these ABIs are equivalent on the current target
+ast_lowering_inline_asm_unsupported_target =
+    inline assembly is unsupported on this target
 
-ast_lowering_clobber_abi_not_supported =
-    `clobber_abi` is not supported on this target
+ast_lowering_invalid_abi =
+    invalid ABI: found `{$abi}`
+    .label = invalid ABI
+    .note = invoke `{$command}` for a full list of supported calling conventions.
 
 ast_lowering_invalid_abi_clobber_abi =
     invalid ABI for `clobber_abi`
     .note = the following ABIs are supported on this target: {$supported_abis}
 
+ast_lowering_invalid_abi_suggestion = did you mean
+
+ast_lowering_invalid_asm_template_modifier_const =
+    asm template modifiers are not allowed for `const` arguments
+
+ast_lowering_invalid_asm_template_modifier_reg_class =
+    invalid asm template modifier for this register class
+
+ast_lowering_invalid_asm_template_modifier_sym =
+    asm template modifiers are not allowed for `sym` arguments
+
 ast_lowering_invalid_register =
     invalid register `{$reg}`: {$error}
 
 ast_lowering_invalid_register_class =
     invalid register class `{$reg_class}`: {$error}
 
-ast_lowering_invalid_asm_template_modifier_reg_class =
-    invalid asm template modifier for this register class
+ast_lowering_misplaced_assoc_ty_binding =
+    associated type bounds are only allowed in where clauses and function signatures, not in {$position}
 
-ast_lowering_argument = argument
+ast_lowering_misplaced_double_dot =
+    `..` patterns are not allowed here
+    .note = only allowed in tuple, tuple struct, and slice patterns
 
-ast_lowering_template_modifier = template modifier
+ast_lowering_misplaced_impl_trait =
+    `impl Trait` only allowed in function and inherent method return types, not in {$position}
 
-ast_lowering_support_modifiers =
-    the `{$class_name}` register class supports the following template modifiers: {$modifiers}
+ast_lowering_misplaced_relax_trait_bound =
+    `?Trait` bounds are only permitted at the point where a type parameter is declared
 
-ast_lowering_does_not_support_modifiers =
-    the `{$class_name}` register class does not support template modifiers
+ast_lowering_not_supported_for_lifetime_binder_async_closure =
+    `for<...>` binders on `async` closures are not currently supported
 
-ast_lowering_invalid_asm_template_modifier_const =
-    asm template modifiers are not allowed for `const` arguments
+ast_lowering_previously_used_here = previously used here
 
-ast_lowering_invalid_asm_template_modifier_sym =
-    asm template modifiers are not allowed for `sym` arguments
+ast_lowering_register1 = register `{$reg1_name}`
+
+ast_lowering_register2 = register `{$reg2_name}`
 
 ast_lowering_register_class_only_clobber =
     register class `{$reg_class_name}` can only be used as a clobber, not as an input or output
@@ -102,9 +124,7 @@ ast_lowering_register_conflict =
     register `{$reg1_name}` conflicts with register `{$reg2_name}`
     .help = use `lateout` instead of `out` to avoid conflict
 
-ast_lowering_register1 = register `{$reg1_name}`
-
-ast_lowering_register2 = register `{$reg2_name}`
+ast_lowering_remove_parentheses = remove these parentheses
 
 ast_lowering_sub_tuple_binding =
     `{$ident_name} @` is not allowed in a {$ctx}
@@ -113,26 +133,12 @@ ast_lowering_sub_tuple_binding =
 
 ast_lowering_sub_tuple_binding_suggestion = if you don't need to use the contents of {$ident}, discard the tuple's remaining fields
 
-ast_lowering_extra_double_dot =
-    `..` can only be used once per {$ctx} pattern
-    .label = can only be used once per {$ctx} pattern
-
-ast_lowering_previously_used_here = previously used here
-
-ast_lowering_misplaced_double_dot =
-    `..` patterns are not allowed here
-    .note = only allowed in tuple, tuple struct, and slice patterns
-
-ast_lowering_misplaced_relax_trait_bound =
-    `?Trait` bounds are only permitted at the point where a type parameter is declared
-
-ast_lowering_not_supported_for_lifetime_binder_async_closure =
-    `for<...>` binders on `async` closures are not currently supported
+ast_lowering_support_modifiers =
+    the `{$class_name}` register class supports the following template modifiers: {$modifiers}
 
-ast_lowering_arbitrary_expression_in_pattern =
-    arbitrary expressions aren't allowed in patterns
+ast_lowering_template_modifier = template modifier
 
-ast_lowering_inclusive_range_with_no_end = inclusive range with no end
+ast_lowering_this_not_async = this is not `async`
 
 ast_lowering_trait_fn_async =
     functions in traits cannot be declared `async`
@@ -140,14 +146,8 @@ ast_lowering_trait_fn_async =
     .note = `async` trait functions are not currently supported
     .note2 = consider using the `async-trait` crate: https://crates.io/crates/async-trait
 
-ast_lowering_bad_return_type_notation_inputs =
-    argument types not allowed with return type notation
-    .suggestion = remove the input types
-
-ast_lowering_bad_return_type_notation_needs_dots =
-    return type notation arguments must be elided with `..`
-    .suggestion = add `..`
+ast_lowering_underscore_expr_lhs_assign =
+    in expressions, `_` can only be used on the left-hand side of an assignment
+    .label = `_` not allowed here
 
-ast_lowering_bad_return_type_notation_output =
-    return type not allowed with return type notation
-    .suggestion = remove the return type
+ast_lowering_use_angle_brackets = use angle brackets instead
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/asm.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/asm.rs
index 941d3179587..d350498bc96 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/asm.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/asm.rs
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                     | asm::InlineAsmArch::AArch64
                     | asm::InlineAsmArch::RiscV32
                     | asm::InlineAsmArch::RiscV64
+                    | asm::InlineAsmArch::LoongArch64
             );
             if !is_stable && !self.tcx.features().asm_experimental_arch {
                 feature_err(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/item.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/item.rs
index 3d154a93fb2..08ee3761bac 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/item.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/item.rs
@@ -305,7 +305,10 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                             );
                             this.arena.alloc(this.ty(span, hir::TyKind::Err(guar)))
                         }
-                        Some(ty) => this.lower_ty(ty, &ImplTraitContext::TypeAliasesOpaqueTy),
+                        Some(ty) => this.lower_ty(
+                            ty,
+                            &ImplTraitContext::TypeAliasesOpaqueTy { in_assoc_ty: false },
+                        ),
                     },
                 );
                 hir::ItemKind::TyAlias(ty, generics)
@@ -852,7 +855,10 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                             hir::ImplItemKind::Type(ty)
                         }
                         Some(ty) => {
-                            let ty = this.lower_ty(ty, &ImplTraitContext::TypeAliasesOpaqueTy);
+                            let ty = this.lower_ty(
+                                ty,
+                                &ImplTraitContext::TypeAliasesOpaqueTy { in_assoc_ty: true },
+                            );
                             hir::ImplItemKind::Type(ty)
                         }
                     },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/lib.rs
index 1fd7cc66470..8d4f96639ef 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/lib.rs
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ use rustc_errors::{
 use rustc_fluent_macro::fluent_messages;
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def::{DefKind, LifetimeRes, Namespace, PartialRes, PerNS, Res};
-use rustc_hir::def_id::{LocalDefId, CRATE_DEF_ID};
+use rustc_hir::def_id::{LocalDefId, CRATE_DEF_ID, LOCAL_CRATE};
 use rustc_hir::definitions::DefPathData;
 use rustc_hir::{ConstArg, GenericArg, ItemLocalId, ParamName, TraitCandidate};
 use rustc_index::{Idx, IndexSlice, IndexVec};
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ enum ImplTraitContext {
         in_trait: bool,
     },
     /// Impl trait in type aliases.
-    TypeAliasesOpaqueTy,
+    TypeAliasesOpaqueTy { in_assoc_ty: bool },
     /// `impl Trait` is unstably accepted in this position.
     FeatureGated(ImplTraitPosition, Symbol),
     /// `impl Trait` is not accepted in this position.
@@ -435,6 +435,7 @@ pub fn lower_to_hir(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, (): ()) -> hir::Crate<'_> {
     // Queries that borrow `resolver_for_lowering`.
     tcx.ensure_with_value().output_filenames(());
     tcx.ensure_with_value().early_lint_checks(());
+    tcx.ensure_with_value().debugger_visualizers(LOCAL_CRATE);
     let (mut resolver, krate) = tcx.resolver_for_lowering(()).steal();
 
     let ast_index = index_crate(&resolver.node_id_to_def_id, &krate);
@@ -1407,14 +1408,15 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                             *in_trait,
                             itctx,
                         ),
-                    ImplTraitContext::TypeAliasesOpaqueTy => self.lower_opaque_impl_trait(
-                        span,
-                        hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias,
-                        *def_node_id,
-                        bounds,
-                        false,
-                        itctx,
-                    ),
+                    &ImplTraitContext::TypeAliasesOpaqueTy { in_assoc_ty } => self
+                        .lower_opaque_impl_trait(
+                            span,
+                            hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias { in_assoc_ty },
+                            *def_node_id,
+                            bounds,
+                            false,
+                            itctx,
+                        ),
                     ImplTraitContext::Universal => {
                         let span = t.span;
                         self.create_def(
@@ -1423,7 +1425,16 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                             DefPathData::ImplTrait,
                             span,
                         );
-                        let ident = Ident::from_str_and_span(&pprust::ty_to_string(t), span);
+
+                        // HACK: pprust breaks strings with newlines when the type
+                        // gets too long. We don't want these to show up in compiler
+                        // output or built artifacts, so replace them here...
+                        // Perhaps we should instead format APITs more robustly.
+                        let ident = Ident::from_str_and_span(
+                            &pprust::ty_to_string(t).replace('\n', " "),
+                            span,
+                        );
+
                         let (param, bounds, path) = self.lower_universal_param_and_bounds(
                             *def_node_id,
                             span,
@@ -1534,13 +1545,16 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
         // If this came from a TAIT (as opposed to a function that returns an RPIT), we only want
         // to capture the lifetimes that appear in the bounds. So visit the bounds to find out
         // exactly which ones those are.
-        let lifetimes_to_remap = if origin == hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias {
-            // in a TAIT like `type Foo<'a> = impl Foo<'a>`, we don't keep all the lifetime parameters
-            Vec::new()
-        } else {
-            // in fn return position, like the `fn test<'a>() -> impl Debug + 'a` example,
-            // we only keep the lifetimes that appear in the `impl Debug` itself:
-            lifetime_collector::lifetimes_in_bounds(&self.resolver, bounds)
+        let lifetimes_to_remap = match origin {
+            hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias { .. } => {
+                // in a TAIT like `type Foo<'a> = impl Foo<'a>`, we don't keep all the lifetime parameters
+                Vec::new()
+            }
+            hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::AsyncFn(..) | hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::FnReturn(..) => {
+                // in fn return position, like the `fn test<'a>() -> impl Debug + 'a` example,
+                // we only keep the lifetimes that appear in the `impl Debug` itself:
+                lifetime_collector::lifetimes_in_bounds(&self.resolver, bounds)
+            }
         };
         debug!(?lifetimes_to_remap);
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/messages.ftl
index 2f413789e77..2f0ac0c2b19 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/messages.ftl
@@ -1,64 +1,3 @@
-ast_passes_forbidden_let =
-    `let` expressions are not supported here
-    .note = only supported directly in conditions of `if` and `while` expressions
-    .not_supported_or = `||` operators are not supported in let chain expressions
-    .not_supported_parentheses = `let`s wrapped in parentheses are not supported in a context with let chains
-
-ast_passes_forbidden_let_stable =
-    expected expression, found statement (`let`)
-    .note = variable declaration using `let` is a statement
-
-ast_passes_deprecated_where_clause_location =
-    where clause not allowed here
-
-ast_passes_keyword_lifetime =
-    lifetimes cannot use keyword names
-
-ast_passes_invalid_label =
-    invalid label name `{$name}`
-
-ast_passes_visibility_not_permitted =
-    visibility qualifiers are not permitted here
-    .enum_variant = enum variants and their fields always share the visibility of the enum they are in
-    .trait_impl = trait items always share the visibility of their trait
-    .individual_impl_items = place qualifiers on individual impl items instead
-    .individual_foreign_items = place qualifiers on individual foreign items instead
-
-ast_passes_trait_fn_const =
-    functions in traits cannot be declared const
-    .label = functions in traits cannot be const
-
-ast_passes_forbidden_lifetime_bound =
-    lifetime bounds cannot be used in this context
-
-ast_passes_forbidden_non_lifetime_param =
-    only lifetime parameters can be used in this context
-
-ast_passes_fn_param_too_many =
-    function can not have more than {$max_num_args} arguments
-
-ast_passes_fn_param_c_var_args_only =
-    C-variadic function must be declared with at least one named argument
-
-ast_passes_fn_param_c_var_args_not_last =
-    `...` must be the last argument of a C-variadic function
-
-ast_passes_fn_param_doc_comment =
-    documentation comments cannot be applied to function parameters
-    .label = doc comments are not allowed here
-
-ast_passes_fn_param_forbidden_attr =
-    allow, cfg, cfg_attr, deny, expect, forbid, and warn are the only allowed built-in attributes in function parameters
-
-ast_passes_fn_param_forbidden_self =
-    `self` parameter is only allowed in associated functions
-    .label = not semantically valid as function parameter
-    .note = associated functions are those in `impl` or `trait` definitions
-
-ast_passes_forbidden_default =
-    `default` is only allowed on items in trait impls
-    .label = `default` because of this
-
 ast_passes_assoc_const_without_body =
     associated constant in `impl` without body
     .suggestion = provide a definition for the constant
@@ -71,36 +10,73 @@ ast_passes_assoc_type_without_body =
     associated type in `impl` without body
     .suggestion = provide a definition for the type
 
+ast_passes_at_least_one_trait = at least one trait must be specified
+
+ast_passes_auto_generic = auto traits cannot have generic parameters
+    .label = auto trait cannot have generic parameters
+    .suggestion = remove the parameters
+
+ast_passes_auto_items = auto traits cannot have associated items
+    .label = {ast_passes_auto_items}
+    .suggestion = remove these associated items
+
+ast_passes_auto_super_lifetime = auto traits cannot have super traits or lifetime bounds
+    .label = {ast_passes_auto_super_lifetime}
+    .suggestion = remove the super traits or lifetime bounds
+
+ast_passes_bad_c_variadic = only foreign or `unsafe extern "C"` functions may be C-variadic
+
+ast_passes_body_in_extern = incorrect `{$kind}` inside `extern` block
+    .cannot_have = cannot have a body
+    .invalid = the invalid body
+    .existing = `extern` blocks define existing foreign {$kind}s and {$kind}s inside of them cannot have a body
+
+ast_passes_bound_in_context = bounds on `type`s in {$ctx} have no effect
+
+ast_passes_const_and_async = functions cannot be both `const` and `async`
+    .const = `const` because of this
+    .async = `async` because of this
+    .label = {""}
+
 ast_passes_const_without_body =
     free constant item without body
     .suggestion = provide a definition for the constant
 
-ast_passes_static_without_body =
-    free static item without body
-    .suggestion = provide a definition for the static
+ast_passes_constraint_on_negative_bound =
+    associated type constraints not allowed on negative bounds
 
-ast_passes_ty_alias_without_body =
-    free type alias without body
-    .suggestion = provide a definition for the type
+ast_passes_deprecated_where_clause_location =
+    where clause not allowed here
 
-ast_passes_fn_without_body =
-    free function without a body
-    .suggestion = provide a definition for the function
+ast_passes_equality_in_where = equality constraints are not yet supported in `where` clauses
+    .label = not supported
+    .suggestion = if `{$ident}` is an associated type you're trying to set, use the associated type binding syntax
+    .suggestion_path = if `{$trait_segment}::{$potential_assoc}` is an associated type you're trying to set, use the associated type binding syntax
+    .note = see issue #20041 <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/20041> for more information
 
 ast_passes_extern_block_suggestion = if you meant to declare an externally defined function, use an `extern` block
 
-ast_passes_bound_in_context = bounds on `type`s in {$ctx} have no effect
+ast_passes_extern_fn_qualifiers = functions in `extern` blocks cannot have qualifiers
+    .label = in this `extern` block
+    .suggestion = remove the qualifiers
+
+ast_passes_extern_item_ascii = items in `extern` blocks cannot use non-ascii identifiers
+    .label = in this `extern` block
+    .note = this limitation may be lifted in the future; see issue #83942 <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/83942> for more information
+
+ast_passes_extern_keyword_link = for more information, visit https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword.extern.html
 
 ast_passes_extern_types_cannot = `type`s inside `extern` blocks cannot have {$descr}
     .suggestion = remove the {$remove_descr}
     .label = `extern` block begins here
 
-ast_passes_extern_keyword_link = for more information, visit https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword.extern.html
+ast_passes_extern_without_abi = extern declarations without an explicit ABI are deprecated
 
-ast_passes_body_in_extern = incorrect `{$kind}` inside `extern` block
-    .cannot_have = cannot have a body
-    .invalid = the invalid body
-    .existing = `extern` blocks define existing foreign {$kind}s and {$kind}s inside of them cannot have a body
+ast_passes_feature_on_non_nightly = `#![feature]` may not be used on the {$channel} release channel
+    .suggestion = remove the attribute
+    .stable_since = the feature `{$name}` has been stable since `{$since}` and no longer requires an attribute to enable
+
+ast_passes_fieldless_union = unions cannot have zero fields
 
 ast_passes_fn_body_extern = incorrect function inside `extern` block
     .cannot_have = cannot have a body
@@ -108,35 +84,50 @@ ast_passes_fn_body_extern = incorrect function inside `extern` block
     .help = you might have meant to write a function accessible through FFI, which can be done by writing `extern fn` outside of the `extern` block
     .label = `extern` blocks define existing foreign functions and functions inside of them cannot have a body
 
-ast_passes_extern_fn_qualifiers = functions in `extern` blocks cannot have qualifiers
-    .label = in this `extern` block
-    .suggestion = remove the qualifiers
+ast_passes_fn_param_c_var_args_not_last =
+    `...` must be the last argument of a C-variadic function
 
-ast_passes_extern_item_ascii = items in `extern` blocks cannot use non-ascii identifiers
-    .label = in this `extern` block
-    .note = this limitation may be lifted in the future; see issue #83942 <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/83942> for more information
+ast_passes_fn_param_c_var_args_only =
+    C-variadic function must be declared with at least one named argument
 
-ast_passes_bad_c_variadic = only foreign or `unsafe extern "C"` functions may be C-variadic
+ast_passes_fn_param_doc_comment =
+    documentation comments cannot be applied to function parameters
+    .label = doc comments are not allowed here
 
-ast_passes_item_underscore = `{$kind}` items in this context need a name
-    .label = `_` is not a valid name for this `{$kind}` item
+ast_passes_fn_param_forbidden_attr =
+    allow, cfg, cfg_attr, deny, expect, forbid, and warn are the only allowed built-in attributes in function parameters
 
-ast_passes_nomangle_ascii = `#[no_mangle]` requires ASCII identifier
+ast_passes_fn_param_forbidden_self =
+    `self` parameter is only allowed in associated functions
+    .label = not semantically valid as function parameter
+    .note = associated functions are those in `impl` or `trait` definitions
 
-ast_passes_module_nonascii = trying to load file for module `{$name}` with non-ascii identifier name
-    .help = consider using the `#[path]` attribute to specify filesystem path
+ast_passes_fn_param_too_many =
+    function can not have more than {$max_num_args} arguments
 
-ast_passes_auto_generic = auto traits cannot have generic parameters
-    .label = auto trait cannot have generic parameters
-    .suggestion = remove the parameters
+ast_passes_fn_without_body =
+    free function without a body
+    .suggestion = provide a definition for the function
 
-ast_passes_auto_super_lifetime = auto traits cannot have super traits or lifetime bounds
-    .label = {ast_passes_auto_super_lifetime}
-    .suggestion = remove the super traits or lifetime bounds
+ast_passes_forbidden_default =
+    `default` is only allowed on items in trait impls
+    .label = `default` because of this
 
-ast_passes_auto_items = auto traits cannot have associated items
-    .label = {ast_passes_auto_items}
-    .suggestion = remove these associated items
+ast_passes_forbidden_let =
+    `let` expressions are not supported here
+    .note = only supported directly in conditions of `if` and `while` expressions
+    .not_supported_or = `||` operators are not supported in let chain expressions
+    .not_supported_parentheses = `let`s wrapped in parentheses are not supported in a context with let chains
+
+ast_passes_forbidden_let_stable =
+    expected expression, found statement (`let`)
+    .note = variable declaration using `let` is a statement
+
+ast_passes_forbidden_lifetime_bound =
+    lifetime bounds cannot be used in this context
+
+ast_passes_forbidden_non_lifetime_param =
+    only lifetime parameters can be used in this context
 
 ast_passes_generic_before_constraints = generic arguments must come before the first constraint
     .constraints = {$constraint_len ->
@@ -156,88 +147,97 @@ ast_passes_generic_before_constraints = generic arguments must come before the f
     *[other] arguments
     }
 
-ast_passes_pattern_in_fn_pointer = patterns aren't allowed in function pointer types
-
-ast_passes_trait_object_single_bound = only a single explicit lifetime bound is permitted
+ast_passes_generic_default_trailing = generic parameters with a default must be trailing
 
 ast_passes_impl_trait_path = `impl Trait` is not allowed in path parameters
 
+ast_passes_incompatible_features = `{$f1}` and `{$f2}` are incompatible, using them at the same time is not allowed
+    .help = remove one of these features
+
+ast_passes_inherent_cannot_be = inherent impls cannot be {$annotation}
+    .because = {$annotation} because of this
+    .type = inherent impl for this type
+    .only_trait = only trait implementations may be annotated with {$annotation}
+
+ast_passes_invalid_label =
+    invalid label name `{$name}`
+
+ast_passes_item_underscore = `{$kind}` items in this context need a name
+    .label = `_` is not a valid name for this `{$kind}` item
+
+ast_passes_keyword_lifetime =
+    lifetimes cannot use keyword names
+
+ast_passes_module_nonascii = trying to load file for module `{$name}` with non-ascii identifier name
+    .help = consider using the `#[path]` attribute to specify filesystem path
+
+ast_passes_negative_bound_not_supported =
+    negative bounds are not supported
+
 ast_passes_nested_impl_trait = nested `impl Trait` is not allowed
     .outer = outer `impl Trait`
     .inner = nested `impl Trait` here
 
-ast_passes_at_least_one_trait = at least one trait must be specified
-
-ast_passes_extern_without_abi = extern declarations without an explicit ABI are deprecated
+ast_passes_nested_lifetimes = nested quantification of lifetimes
 
-ast_passes_out_of_order_params = {$param_ord} parameters must be declared prior to {$max_param} parameters
-    .suggestion = reorder the parameters: lifetimes, then consts and types
+ast_passes_nomangle_ascii = `#[no_mangle]` requires ASCII identifier
 
 ast_passes_obsolete_auto = `impl Trait for .. {"{}"}` is an obsolete syntax
     .help = use `auto trait Trait {"{}"}` instead
 
-ast_passes_unsafe_negative_impl = negative impls cannot be unsafe
-    .negative = negative because of this
-    .unsafe = unsafe because of this
+ast_passes_optional_const_exclusive = `~const` and `{$modifier}` are mutually exclusive
 
-ast_passes_inherent_cannot_be = inherent impls cannot be {$annotation}
-    .because = {$annotation} because of this
-    .type = inherent impl for this type
-    .only_trait = only trait implementations may be annotated with {$annotation}
+ast_passes_optional_trait_object = `?Trait` is not permitted in trait object types
 
-ast_passes_unsafe_item = {$kind} cannot be declared unsafe
+ast_passes_optional_trait_supertrait = `?Trait` is not permitted in supertraits
+    .note = traits are `?{$path_str}` by default
 
-ast_passes_fieldless_union = unions cannot have zero fields
+ast_passes_out_of_order_params = {$param_ord} parameters must be declared prior to {$max_param} parameters
+    .suggestion = reorder the parameters: lifetimes, then consts and types
 
-ast_passes_where_after_type_alias = where clauses are not allowed after the type for type aliases
-    .note = see issue #89122 <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/89122> for more information
+ast_passes_pattern_in_bodiless = patterns aren't allowed in functions without bodies
+    .label = pattern not allowed in function without body
 
-ast_passes_generic_default_trailing = generic parameters with a default must be trailing
+ast_passes_pattern_in_fn_pointer = patterns aren't allowed in function pointer types
 
-ast_passes_nested_lifetimes = nested quantification of lifetimes
+ast_passes_pattern_in_foreign = patterns aren't allowed in foreign function declarations
+    .label = pattern not allowed in foreign function
 
-ast_passes_optional_trait_supertrait = `?Trait` is not permitted in supertraits
-    .note = traits are `?{$path_str}` by default
+ast_passes_show_span = {$msg}
 
-ast_passes_optional_trait_object = `?Trait` is not permitted in trait object types
+ast_passes_stability_outside_std = stability attributes may not be used outside of the standard library
+
+ast_passes_static_without_body =
+    free static item without body
+    .suggestion = provide a definition for the static
 
 ast_passes_tilde_const_disallowed = `~const` is not allowed here
     .trait = trait objects cannot have `~const` trait bounds
     .closure = closures cannot have `~const` trait bounds
     .function = this function is not `const`, so it cannot have `~const` trait bounds
 
-ast_passes_optional_const_exclusive = `~const` and `{$modifier}` are mutually exclusive
-
-ast_passes_const_and_async = functions cannot be both `const` and `async`
-    .const = `const` because of this
-    .async = `async` because of this
-    .label = {""}
-
-ast_passes_pattern_in_foreign = patterns aren't allowed in foreign function declarations
-    .label = pattern not allowed in foreign function
-
-ast_passes_pattern_in_bodiless = patterns aren't allowed in functions without bodies
-    .label = pattern not allowed in function without body
-
-ast_passes_equality_in_where = equality constraints are not yet supported in `where` clauses
-    .label = not supported
-    .suggestion = if `{$ident}` is an associated type you're trying to set, use the associated type binding syntax
-    .suggestion_path = if `{$trait_segment}::{$potential_assoc}` is an associated type you're trying to set, use the associated type binding syntax
-    .note = see issue #20041 <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/20041> for more information
+ast_passes_trait_fn_const =
+    functions in traits cannot be declared const
+    .label = functions in traits cannot be const
 
-ast_passes_stability_outside_std = stability attributes may not be used outside of the standard library
+ast_passes_trait_object_single_bound = only a single explicit lifetime bound is permitted
 
-ast_passes_feature_on_non_nightly = `#![feature]` may not be used on the {$channel} release channel
-    .suggestion = remove the attribute
-    .stable_since = the feature `{$name}` has been stable since `{$since}` and no longer requires an attribute to enable
+ast_passes_ty_alias_without_body =
+    free type alias without body
+    .suggestion = provide a definition for the type
 
-ast_passes_incompatible_features = `{$f1}` and `{$f2}` are incompatible, using them at the same time is not allowed
-    .help = remove one of these features
+ast_passes_unsafe_item = {$kind} cannot be declared unsafe
 
-ast_passes_show_span = {$msg}
+ast_passes_unsafe_negative_impl = negative impls cannot be unsafe
+    .negative = negative because of this
+    .unsafe = unsafe because of this
 
-ast_passes_negative_bound_not_supported =
-    negative bounds are not supported
+ast_passes_visibility_not_permitted =
+    visibility qualifiers are not permitted here
+    .enum_variant = enum variants and their fields always share the visibility of the enum they are in
+    .trait_impl = trait items always share the visibility of their trait
+    .individual_impl_items = place qualifiers on individual impl items instead
+    .individual_foreign_items = place qualifiers on individual foreign items instead
 
-ast_passes_constraint_on_negative_bound =
-    associated type constraints not allowed on negative bounds
+ast_passes_where_after_type_alias = where clauses are not allowed after the type for type aliases
+    .note = see issue #89122 <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/89122> for more information
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/ast_validation.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/ast_validation.rs
index bf43bbdbbee..04ed2767876 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/ast_validation.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/ast_validation.rs
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ impl<'a> AstValidator<'a> {
         let source_map = self.session.source_map();
         let end = source_map.end_point(sp);
 
-        if source_map.span_to_snippet(end).map(|s| s == ";").unwrap_or(false) {
+        if source_map.span_to_snippet(end).is_ok_and(|s| s == ";") {
             end
         } else {
             sp.shrink_to_hi()
@@ -736,11 +736,10 @@ impl<'a> Visitor<'a> for AstValidator<'a> {
                         this.visit_expr(&arm.body);
                         this.visit_pat(&arm.pat);
                         walk_list!(this, visit_attribute, &arm.attrs);
-                        if let Some(guard) = &arm.guard && let ExprKind::Let(_, guard_expr, _) = &guard.kind {
+                        if let Some(guard) = &arm.guard {
                             this.with_let_management(None, |this, _| {
-                                this.visit_expr(guard_expr)
+                                this.visit_expr(guard)
                             });
-                            return;
                         }
                     }
                 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/feature_gate.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/feature_gate.rs
index 3d5056d82c5..274f931e43f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/feature_gate.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/feature_gate.rs
@@ -317,8 +317,7 @@ impl<'a> Visitor<'a> for PostExpansionVisitor<'a> {
         match i.kind {
             ast::ForeignItemKind::Fn(..) | ast::ForeignItemKind::Static(..) => {
                 let link_name = attr::first_attr_value_str_by_name(&i.attrs, sym::link_name);
-                let links_to_llvm =
-                    link_name.map_or(false, |val| val.as_str().starts_with("llvm."));
+                let links_to_llvm = link_name.is_some_and(|val| val.as_str().starts_with("llvm."));
                 if links_to_llvm {
                     gate_feature_post!(
                         &self,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_attr/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_attr/messages.ftl
index a7f8c993d42..e6cbbaf3704 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_attr/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_attr/messages.ftl
@@ -1,27 +1,38 @@
+attr_cfg_predicate_identifier =
+    `cfg` predicate key must be an identifier
+
+attr_deprecated_item_suggestion =
+    suggestions on deprecated items are unstable
+    .help = add `#![feature(deprecated_suggestion)]` to the crate root
+    .note = see #94785 for more details
+
 attr_expected_one_cfg_pattern =
     expected 1 cfg-pattern
 
-attr_invalid_predicate =
-    invalid predicate `{$predicate}`
+attr_expected_single_version_literal =
+    expected single version literal
 
-attr_multiple_item =
-    multiple '{$item}' items
+attr_expected_version_literal =
+    expected a version literal
+
+attr_expects_feature_list =
+    `{$name}` expects a list of feature names
+
+attr_expects_features =
+    `{$name}` expects feature names
 
 attr_incorrect_meta_item =
     incorrect meta item
 
-attr_unknown_meta_item =
-    unknown meta item '{$item}'
-    .label = expected one of {$expected}
-
-attr_missing_since =
-    missing 'since'
+attr_incorrect_repr_format_align_one_arg =
+    incorrect `repr(align)` attribute format: `align` takes exactly one argument in parentheses
 
-attr_missing_note =
-    missing 'note'
+attr_incorrect_repr_format_generic =
+    incorrect `repr({$repr_arg})` attribute format
+    .suggestion = use parentheses instead
 
-attr_multiple_stability_levels =
-    multiple stability levels
+attr_incorrect_repr_format_packed_one_or_zero_arg =
+    incorrect `repr(packed)` attribute format: `packed` takes exactly one parenthesized argument, or no parentheses at all
 
 attr_invalid_issue_string =
     `issue` must be a non-zero numeric string or "none"
@@ -31,17 +42,15 @@ attr_invalid_issue_string =
     .pos_overflow = number too large to fit in target type
     .neg_overflow = number too small to fit in target type
 
-attr_missing_feature =
-    missing 'feature'
-
-attr_non_ident_feature =
-    'feature' is not an identifier
+attr_invalid_predicate =
+    invalid predicate `{$predicate}`
 
-attr_missing_issue =
-    missing 'issue'
+attr_invalid_repr_align_need_arg =
+    invalid `repr(align)` attribute: `align` needs an argument
+    .suggestion = supply an argument here
 
-attr_incorrect_repr_format_packed_one_or_zero_arg =
-    incorrect `repr(packed)` attribute format: `packed` takes exactly one parenthesized argument, or no parentheses at all
+attr_invalid_repr_generic =
+    invalid `repr({$repr_arg})` attribute: {$error_part}
 
 attr_invalid_repr_hint_no_paren =
     invalid representation hint: `{$name}` does not take a parenthesized argument list
@@ -49,59 +58,50 @@ attr_invalid_repr_hint_no_paren =
 attr_invalid_repr_hint_no_value =
     invalid representation hint: `{$name}` does not take a value
 
-attr_unsupported_literal_generic =
-    unsupported literal
-attr_unsupported_literal_cfg_string =
-    literal in `cfg` predicate value must be a string
-attr_unsupported_literal_deprecated_string =
-    literal in `deprecated` value must be a string
-attr_unsupported_literal_deprecated_kv_pair =
-    item in `deprecated` must be a key/value pair
-attr_unsupported_literal_suggestion =
-    consider removing the prefix
+attr_missing_feature =
+    missing 'feature'
 
-attr_invalid_repr_align_need_arg =
-    invalid `repr(align)` attribute: `align` needs an argument
-    .suggestion = supply an argument here
+attr_missing_issue =
+    missing 'issue'
 
-attr_invalid_repr_generic =
-    invalid `repr({$repr_arg})` attribute: {$error_part}
+attr_missing_note =
+    missing 'note'
 
-attr_incorrect_repr_format_align_one_arg =
-    incorrect `repr(align)` attribute format: `align` takes exactly one argument in parentheses
+attr_missing_since =
+    missing 'since'
 
-attr_incorrect_repr_format_generic =
-    incorrect `repr({$repr_arg})` attribute format
-    .suggestion = use parentheses instead
+attr_multiple_item =
+    multiple '{$item}' items
 
-attr_rustc_promotable_pairing =
-    `rustc_promotable` attribute must be paired with either a `rustc_const_unstable` or a `rustc_const_stable` attribute
+attr_multiple_stability_levels =
+    multiple stability levels
+
+attr_non_ident_feature =
+    'feature' is not an identifier
 
 attr_rustc_allowed_unstable_pairing =
     `rustc_allowed_through_unstable_modules` attribute must be paired with a `stable` attribute
 
-attr_cfg_predicate_identifier =
-    `cfg` predicate key must be an identifier
-
-attr_deprecated_item_suggestion =
-    suggestions on deprecated items are unstable
-    .help = add `#![feature(deprecated_suggestion)]` to the crate root
-    .note = see #94785 for more details
-
-attr_expected_single_version_literal =
-    expected single version literal
-
-attr_expected_version_literal =
-    expected a version literal
-
-attr_expects_feature_list =
-    `{$name}` expects a list of feature names
-
-attr_expects_features =
-    `{$name}` expects feature names
+attr_rustc_promotable_pairing =
+    `rustc_promotable` attribute must be paired with either a `rustc_const_unstable` or a `rustc_const_stable` attribute
 
 attr_soft_no_args =
     `soft` should not have any arguments
 
+attr_unknown_meta_item =
+    unknown meta item '{$item}'
+    .label = expected one of {$expected}
+
 attr_unknown_version_literal =
     unknown version literal format, assuming it refers to a future version
+
+attr_unsupported_literal_cfg_string =
+    literal in `cfg` predicate value must be a string
+attr_unsupported_literal_deprecated_kv_pair =
+    item in `deprecated` must be a key/value pair
+attr_unsupported_literal_deprecated_string =
+    literal in `deprecated` value must be a string
+attr_unsupported_literal_generic =
+    unsupported literal
+attr_unsupported_literal_suggestion =
+    consider removing the prefix
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_attr/src/builtin.rs b/compiler/rustc_attr/src/builtin.rs
index 2a3092d3c7b..372a58857f3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_attr/src/builtin.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_attr/src/builtin.rs
@@ -23,8 +23,7 @@ use crate::session_diagnostics::{self, IncorrectReprFormatGenericCause};
 pub const VERSION_PLACEHOLDER: &str = "CURRENT_RUSTC_VERSION";
 
 pub fn rust_version_symbol() -> Symbol {
-    let version = option_env!("CFG_VERSION").unwrap_or("<current>");
-    let version = version.split(' ').next().unwrap();
+    let version = option_env!("CFG_RELEASE").unwrap_or("<current>");
     Symbol::intern(&version)
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/messages.ftl
index 4a616dc2464..67fdb671742 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/messages.ftl
@@ -1,188 +1,108 @@
-borrowck_move_unsized =
-    cannot move a value of type `{$ty}`
-    .label = the size of `{$ty}` cannot be statically determined
-
-borrowck_higher_ranked_lifetime_error =
-    higher-ranked lifetime error
-
-borrowck_could_not_prove =
-    could not prove `{$predicate}`
-
-borrowck_could_not_normalize =
-    could not normalize `{$value}`
-
-borrowck_higher_ranked_subtype_error =
-    higher-ranked subtype error
-
-borrowck_generic_does_not_live_long_enough =
-    `{$kind}` does not live long enough
-
-borrowck_move_borrowed =
-    cannot move out of `{$desc}` because it is borrowed
-
-borrowck_var_does_not_need_mut =
-    variable does not need to be mutable
-    .suggestion = remove this `mut`
-
-borrowck_var_cannot_escape_closure =
-    captured variable cannot escape `FnMut` closure body
-    .note = `FnMut` closures only have access to their captured variables while they are executing...
-    .cannot_escape = ...therefore, they cannot allow references to captured variables to escape
-
-borrowck_var_here_defined = variable defined here
-
-borrowck_var_here_captured = variable captured here
-
-borrowck_closure_inferred_mut = inferred to be a `FnMut` closure
-
-borrowck_returned_closure_escaped =
-    returns a closure that contains a reference to a captured variable, which then escapes the closure body
-
-borrowck_returned_async_block_escaped =
-    returns an `async` block that contains a reference to a captured variable, which then escapes the closure body
-
-borrowck_returned_ref_escaped =
-    returns a reference to a captured variable which escapes the closure body
-
-borrowck_lifetime_constraints_error =
-    lifetime may not live long enough
-
-borrowck_returned_lifetime_wrong =
-    {$mir_def_name} was supposed to return data with lifetime `{$outlived_fr_name}` but it is returning data with lifetime `{$fr_name}`
-
-borrowck_returned_lifetime_short =
-    {$category_desc}requires that `{$free_region_name}` must outlive `{$outlived_fr_name}`
-
-borrowck_used_impl_require_static =
-    the used `impl` has a `'static` requirement
-
-borrowck_borrow_due_to_use_generator =
-    borrow occurs due to use in generator
-
-borrowck_use_due_to_use_generator =
-    use occurs due to use in generator
+borrowck_assign_due_to_use_closure =
+    assignment occurs due to use in closure
 
 borrowck_assign_due_to_use_generator =
     assign occurs due to use in generator
 
+borrowck_assign_part_due_to_use_closure =
+    assignment to part occurs due to use in closure
+
 borrowck_assign_part_due_to_use_generator =
     assign to part occurs due to use in generator
 
 borrowck_borrow_due_to_use_closure =
     borrow occurs due to use in closure
 
-borrowck_use_due_to_use_closure =
-    use occurs due to use in closure
+borrowck_borrow_due_to_use_generator =
+    borrow occurs due to use in generator
 
-borrowck_assign_due_to_use_closure =
-    assignment occurs due to use in closure
+borrowck_calling_operator_moves_lhs =
+    calling this operator moves the left-hand side
 
-borrowck_assign_part_due_to_use_closure =
-    assignment to part occurs due to use in closure
+borrowck_cannot_move_when_borrowed =
+    cannot move out of {$place ->
+        [value] value
+        *[other] {$place}
+    } because it is borrowed
+    .label = borrow of {$borrow_place ->
+        [value] value
+        *[other] {$borrow_place}
+    } occurs here
+    .move_label = move out of {$value_place ->
+        [value] value
+        *[other] {$value_place}
+    } occurs here
 
 borrowck_capture_immute =
     capture is immutable because of use here
 
-borrowck_capture_mut =
-    capture is mutable because of use here
-
 borrowck_capture_move =
     capture is moved because of use here
 
-borrowck_var_borrow_by_use_place_in_generator =
-    {$is_single_var ->
-        *[true] borrow occurs
-        [false] borrows occur
-    } due to use of {$place} in generator
-
-borrowck_var_borrow_by_use_place_in_closure =
-    {$is_single_var ->
-        *[true] borrow occurs
-        [false] borrows occur
-    } due to use of {$place} in closure
+borrowck_capture_mut =
+    capture is mutable because of use here
 
-borrowck_var_borrow_by_use_in_generator =
-    borrow occurs due to use in generator
+borrowck_closure_inferred_mut = inferred to be a `FnMut` closure
 
-borrowck_var_borrow_by_use_in_closure =
-    borrow occurs due to use in closure
+borrowck_closure_invoked_twice =
+    closure cannot be invoked more than once because it moves the variable `{$place_name}` out of its environment
 
-borrowck_var_move_by_use_place_in_generator =
-    move occurs due to use of {$place} in generator
+borrowck_closure_moved_twice =
+    closure cannot be moved more than once as it is not `Copy` due to moving the variable `{$place_name}` out of its environment
 
-borrowck_var_move_by_use_place_in_closure =
-    move occurs due to use of {$place} in closure
+borrowck_consider_borrow_type_contents =
+    help: consider calling `.as_ref()` or `.as_mut()` to borrow the type's contents
 
-borrowck_var_move_by_use_in_generator =
-    move occurs due to use in generator
+borrowck_could_not_normalize =
+    could not normalize `{$value}`
 
-borrowck_var_move_by_use_in_closure =
-    move occurs due to use in closure
+borrowck_could_not_prove =
+    could not prove `{$predicate}`
 
-borrowck_partial_var_move_by_use_in_generator =
-    variable {$is_partial ->
-        [true] partially moved
-        *[false] moved
-    } due to use in generator
+borrowck_func_take_self_moved_place =
+    `{$func}` takes ownership of the receiver `self`, which moves {$place_name}
 
-borrowck_partial_var_move_by_use_in_closure =
-    variable {$is_partial ->
-        [true] partially moved
-        *[false] moved
-    } due to use in closure
+borrowck_generic_does_not_live_long_enough =
+    `{$kind}` does not live long enough
 
-borrowck_var_first_borrow_by_use_place_in_generator =
-    first borrow occurs due to use of {$place} in generator
+borrowck_higher_ranked_lifetime_error =
+    higher-ranked lifetime error
 
-borrowck_var_first_borrow_by_use_place_in_closure =
-    first borrow occurs due to use of {$place} in closure
+borrowck_higher_ranked_subtype_error =
+    higher-ranked subtype error
 
-borrowck_var_second_borrow_by_use_place_in_generator =
-    second borrow occurs due to use of {$place} in generator
+borrowck_lifetime_constraints_error =
+    lifetime may not live long enough
 
-borrowck_var_second_borrow_by_use_place_in_closure =
-    second borrow occurs due to use of {$place} in closure
+borrowck_move_borrowed =
+    cannot move out of `{$desc}` because it is borrowed
 
-borrowck_var_mutable_borrow_by_use_place_in_closure =
-    mutable borrow occurs due to use of {$place} in closure
+borrowck_move_out_place_here =
+    {$place} is moved here
 
-borrowck_cannot_move_when_borrowed =
-    cannot move out of {$place ->
-        [value] value
-        *[other] {$place}
-    } because it is borrowed
-    .label = borrow of {$borrow_place ->
-        [value] value
-        *[other] {$borrow_place}
-    } occurs here
-    .move_label = move out of {$value_place ->
-        [value] value
-        *[other] {$value_place}
-    } occurs here
+borrowck_move_unsized =
+    cannot move a value of type `{$ty}`
+    .label = the size of `{$ty}` cannot be statically determined
 
-borrowck_opaque_type_non_generic_param =
-    expected generic {$kind} parameter, found `{$ty}`
-    .label = {STREQ($ty, "'static") ->
-        [true] cannot use static lifetime; use a bound lifetime instead or remove the lifetime parameter from the opaque type
-        *[other] this generic parameter must be used with a generic {$kind} parameter
-    }
+borrowck_moved_a_fn_once_in_call =
+    this value implements `FnOnce`, which causes it to be moved when called
 
-borrowck_moved_due_to_call =
+borrowck_moved_due_to_await =
     {$place_name} {$is_partial ->
         [true] partially moved
         *[false] moved
     } due to this {$is_loop_message ->
-        [true] call, in previous iteration of loop
-        *[false] call
+        [true] await, in previous iteration of loop
+        *[false] await
     }
 
-borrowck_moved_due_to_usage_in_operator =
+borrowck_moved_due_to_call =
     {$place_name} {$is_partial ->
         [true] partially moved
         *[false] moved
-    } due to usage in {$is_loop_message ->
-        [true] operator, in previous iteration of loop
-        *[false] operator
+    } due to this {$is_loop_message ->
+        [true] call, in previous iteration of loop
+        *[false] call
     }
 
 borrowck_moved_due_to_implicit_into_iter_call =
@@ -203,13 +123,74 @@ borrowck_moved_due_to_method_call =
         *[false] call
     }
 
-borrowck_moved_due_to_await =
+borrowck_moved_due_to_usage_in_operator =
     {$place_name} {$is_partial ->
         [true] partially moved
         *[false] moved
-    } due to this {$is_loop_message ->
-        [true] await, in previous iteration of loop
-        *[false] await
+    } due to usage in {$is_loop_message ->
+        [true] operator, in previous iteration of loop
+        *[false] operator
+    }
+
+borrowck_opaque_type_non_generic_param =
+    expected generic {$kind} parameter, found `{$ty}`
+    .label = {STREQ($ty, "'static") ->
+        [true] cannot use static lifetime; use a bound lifetime instead or remove the lifetime parameter from the opaque type
+        *[other] this generic parameter must be used with a generic {$kind} parameter
+    }
+
+borrowck_partial_var_move_by_use_in_closure =
+    variable {$is_partial ->
+        [true] partially moved
+        *[false] moved
+    } due to use in closure
+
+borrowck_partial_var_move_by_use_in_generator =
+    variable {$is_partial ->
+        [true] partially moved
+        *[false] moved
+    } due to use in generator
+
+borrowck_returned_async_block_escaped =
+    returns an `async` block that contains a reference to a captured variable, which then escapes the closure body
+
+borrowck_returned_closure_escaped =
+    returns a closure that contains a reference to a captured variable, which then escapes the closure body
+
+borrowck_returned_lifetime_short =
+    {$category_desc}requires that `{$free_region_name}` must outlive `{$outlived_fr_name}`
+
+borrowck_returned_lifetime_wrong =
+    {$mir_def_name} was supposed to return data with lifetime `{$outlived_fr_name}` but it is returning data with lifetime `{$fr_name}`
+
+borrowck_returned_ref_escaped =
+    returns a reference to a captured variable which escapes the closure body
+
+borrowck_suggest_create_freash_reborrow =
+    consider reborrowing the `Pin` instead of moving it
+
+borrowck_suggest_iterate_over_slice =
+    consider iterating over a slice of the `{$ty}`'s content to avoid moving into the `for` loop
+
+borrowck_ty_no_impl_copy =
+    {$is_partial_move ->
+        [true] partial move
+        *[false] move
+    } occurs because {$place} has type `{$ty}`, which does not implement the `Copy` trait
+
+borrowck_use_due_to_use_closure =
+    use occurs due to use in closure
+
+borrowck_use_due_to_use_generator =
+    use occurs due to use in generator
+
+borrowck_used_impl_require_static =
+    the used `impl` has a `'static` requirement
+
+borrowck_value_capture_here =
+    value captured {$is_within ->
+        [true] here by generator
+        *[false] here
     }
 
 borrowck_value_moved_here =
@@ -224,41 +205,60 @@ borrowck_value_moved_here =
         *[false] {""}
     }
 
-borrowck_consider_borrow_type_contents =
-    help: consider calling `.as_ref()` or `.as_mut()` to borrow the type's contents
+borrowck_var_borrow_by_use_in_closure =
+    borrow occurs due to use in closure
 
-borrowck_moved_a_fn_once_in_call =
-    this value implements `FnOnce`, which causes it to be moved when called
+borrowck_var_borrow_by_use_in_generator =
+    borrow occurs due to use in generator
 
-borrowck_calling_operator_moves_lhs =
-    calling this operator moves the left-hand side
+borrowck_var_borrow_by_use_place_in_closure =
+    {$is_single_var ->
+        *[true] borrow occurs
+        [false] borrows occur
+    } due to use of {$place} in closure
 
-borrowck_func_take_self_moved_place =
-    `{$func}` takes ownership of the receiver `self`, which moves {$place_name}
+borrowck_var_borrow_by_use_place_in_generator =
+    {$is_single_var ->
+        *[true] borrow occurs
+        [false] borrows occur
+    } due to use of {$place} in generator
 
-borrowck_suggest_iterate_over_slice =
-    consider iterating over a slice of the `{$ty}`'s content to avoid moving into the `for` loop
+borrowck_var_cannot_escape_closure =
+    captured variable cannot escape `FnMut` closure body
+    .note = `FnMut` closures only have access to their captured variables while they are executing...
+    .cannot_escape = ...therefore, they cannot allow references to captured variables to escape
 
-borrowck_suggest_create_freash_reborrow =
-    consider reborrowing the `Pin` instead of moving it
+borrowck_var_does_not_need_mut =
+    variable does not need to be mutable
+    .suggestion = remove this `mut`
 
-borrowck_value_capture_here =
-    value captured {$is_within ->
-        [true] here by generator
-        *[false] here
-    }
+borrowck_var_first_borrow_by_use_place_in_closure =
+    first borrow occurs due to use of {$place} in closure
 
-borrowck_move_out_place_here =
-    {$place} is moved here
+borrowck_var_first_borrow_by_use_place_in_generator =
+    first borrow occurs due to use of {$place} in generator
 
-borrowck_closure_invoked_twice =
-    closure cannot be invoked more than once because it moves the variable `{$place_name}` out of its environment
+borrowck_var_here_captured = variable captured here
 
-borrowck_closure_moved_twice =
-    closure cannot be moved more than once as it is not `Copy` due to moving the variable `{$place_name}` out of its environment
+borrowck_var_here_defined = variable defined here
 
-borrowck_ty_no_impl_copy =
-    {$is_partial_move ->
-        [true] partial move
-        *[false] move
-    } occurs because {$place} has type `{$ty}`, which does not implement the `Copy` trait
+borrowck_var_move_by_use_in_closure =
+    move occurs due to use in closure
+
+borrowck_var_move_by_use_in_generator =
+    move occurs due to use in generator
+
+borrowck_var_move_by_use_place_in_closure =
+    move occurs due to use of {$place} in closure
+
+borrowck_var_move_by_use_place_in_generator =
+    move occurs due to use of {$place} in generator
+
+borrowck_var_mutable_borrow_by_use_place_in_closure =
+    mutable borrow occurs due to use of {$place} in closure
+
+borrowck_var_second_borrow_by_use_place_in_closure =
+    second borrow occurs due to use of {$place} in closure
+
+borrowck_var_second_borrow_by_use_place_in_generator =
+    second borrow occurs due to use of {$place} in generator
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/borrow_set.rs b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/borrow_set.rs
index 4824f6346d4..6be20b0974d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/borrow_set.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/borrow_set.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ pub struct BorrowSet<'tcx> {
     /// Map from local to all the borrows on that local.
     pub local_map: FxIndexMap<mir::Local, FxIndexSet<BorrowIndex>>,
 
-    pub(crate) locals_state_at_exit: LocalsStateAtExit,
+    pub locals_state_at_exit: LocalsStateAtExit,
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> Index<BorrowIndex> for BorrowSet<'tcx> {
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ impl<'tcx> BorrowSet<'tcx> {
         self.activation_map.get(&location).map_or(&[], |activations| &activations[..])
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn len(&self) -> usize {
+    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
         self.location_map.len()
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/consumers.rs b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/consumers.rs
index 3451b7db8ca..d257145373f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/consumers.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/consumers.rs
@@ -3,22 +3,96 @@
 //! This file provides API for compiler consumers.
 
 use rustc_hir::def_id::LocalDefId;
-use rustc_index::IndexSlice;
-use rustc_infer::infer::{DefiningAnchor, TyCtxtInferExt};
-use rustc_middle::mir::Body;
+use rustc_index::{IndexSlice, IndexVec};
+use rustc_infer::infer::TyCtxtInferExt;
+use rustc_middle::mir::{Body, Promoted};
+use rustc_middle::traits::DefiningAnchor;
 use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
+use std::rc::Rc;
+
+use crate::borrow_set::BorrowSet;
 
 pub use super::{
+    constraints::OutlivesConstraint,
+    dataflow::{calculate_borrows_out_of_scope_at_location, BorrowIndex, Borrows},
     facts::{AllFacts as PoloniusInput, RustcFacts},
     location::{LocationTable, RichLocation},
     nll::PoloniusOutput,
-    BodyWithBorrowckFacts,
+    place_ext::PlaceExt,
+    places_conflict::{places_conflict, PlaceConflictBias},
+    region_infer::RegionInferenceContext,
 };
 
-/// This function computes Polonius facts for the given body. It makes a copy of
-/// the body because it needs to regenerate the region identifiers. This function
-/// should never be invoked during a typical compilation session due to performance
-/// issues with Polonius.
+/// Options determining the output behavior of [`get_body_with_borrowck_facts`].
+///
+/// If executing under `-Z polonius` the choice here has no effect, and everything as if
+/// [`PoloniusOutputFacts`](ConsumerOptions::PoloniusOutputFacts) had been selected
+/// will be retrieved.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
+pub enum ConsumerOptions {
+    /// Retrieve the [`Body`] along with the [`BorrowSet`](super::borrow_set::BorrowSet)
+    /// and [`RegionInferenceContext`]. If you would like the body only, use
+    /// [`TyCtxt::mir_promoted`].
+    ///
+    /// These can be used in conjunction with [`calculate_borrows_out_of_scope_at_location`].
+    RegionInferenceContext,
+    /// The recommended option. Retrieves the maximal amount of information
+    /// without significant slowdowns.
+    ///
+    /// Implies [`RegionInferenceContext`](ConsumerOptions::RegionInferenceContext),
+    /// and additionally retrieve the [`LocationTable`] and [`PoloniusInput`] that
+    /// would be given to Polonius. Critically, this does not run Polonius, which
+    /// one may want to avoid due to performance issues on large bodies.
+    PoloniusInputFacts,
+    /// Implies [`PoloniusInputFacts`](ConsumerOptions::PoloniusInputFacts),
+    /// and additionally runs Polonius to calculate the [`PoloniusOutput`].
+    PoloniusOutputFacts,
+}
+
+impl ConsumerOptions {
+    /// Should the Polonius input facts be computed?
+    pub(crate) fn polonius_input(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Self::PoloniusInputFacts | Self::PoloniusOutputFacts)
+    }
+    /// Should we run Polonius and collect the output facts?
+    pub(crate) fn polonius_output(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Self::PoloniusOutputFacts)
+    }
+}
+
+/// A `Body` with information computed by the borrow checker. This struct is
+/// intended to be consumed by compiler consumers.
+///
+/// We need to include the MIR body here because the region identifiers must
+/// match the ones in the Polonius facts.
+pub struct BodyWithBorrowckFacts<'tcx> {
+    /// A mir body that contains region identifiers.
+    pub body: Body<'tcx>,
+    /// The mir bodies of promoteds.
+    pub promoted: IndexVec<Promoted, Body<'tcx>>,
+    /// The set of borrows occurring in `body` with data about them.
+    pub borrow_set: Rc<BorrowSet<'tcx>>,
+    /// Context generated during borrowck, intended to be passed to
+    /// [`calculate_borrows_out_of_scope_at_location`].
+    pub region_inference_context: Rc<RegionInferenceContext<'tcx>>,
+    /// The table that maps Polonius points to locations in the table.
+    /// Populated when using [`ConsumerOptions::PoloniusInputFacts`]
+    /// or [`ConsumerOptions::PoloniusOutputFacts`].
+    pub location_table: Option<LocationTable>,
+    /// Polonius input facts.
+    /// Populated when using [`ConsumerOptions::PoloniusInputFacts`]
+    /// or [`ConsumerOptions::PoloniusOutputFacts`].
+    pub input_facts: Option<Box<PoloniusInput>>,
+    /// Polonius output facts. Populated when using
+    /// [`ConsumerOptions::PoloniusOutputFacts`].
+    pub output_facts: Option<Rc<PoloniusOutput>>,
+}
+
+/// This function computes borrowck facts for the given body. The [`ConsumerOptions`]
+/// determine which facts are returned. This function makes a copy of the body because
+/// it needs to regenerate the region identifiers. It should never be invoked during a
+/// typical compilation session due to the unnecessary overhead of returning
+/// [`BodyWithBorrowckFacts`].
 ///
 /// Note:
 /// *   This function will panic if the required body was already stolen. This
@@ -28,10 +102,14 @@ pub use super::{
 ///     that shows how to do this at `tests/run-make/obtain-borrowck/`.
 ///
 /// *   Polonius is highly unstable, so expect regular changes in its signature or other details.
-pub fn get_body_with_borrowck_facts(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def: LocalDefId) -> BodyWithBorrowckFacts<'_> {
+pub fn get_body_with_borrowck_facts(
+    tcx: TyCtxt<'_>,
+    def: LocalDefId,
+    options: ConsumerOptions,
+) -> BodyWithBorrowckFacts<'_> {
     let (input_body, promoted) = tcx.mir_promoted(def);
     let infcx = tcx.infer_ctxt().with_opaque_type_inference(DefiningAnchor::Bind(def)).build();
     let input_body: &Body<'_> = &input_body.borrow();
     let promoted: &IndexSlice<_, _> = &promoted.borrow();
-    *super::do_mir_borrowck(&infcx, input_body, promoted, true).1.unwrap()
+    *super::do_mir_borrowck(&infcx, input_body, promoted, Some(options)).1.unwrap()
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/dataflow.rs b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/dataflow.rs
index 94939c7e4cd..2daa82aef39 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/dataflow.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/dataflow.rs
@@ -156,10 +156,10 @@ impl<'tcx> OutOfScopePrecomputer<'_, 'tcx> {
         &mut self,
         borrow_index: BorrowIndex,
         borrow_region: RegionVid,
-        location: Location,
+        first_location: Location,
     ) {
         // We visit one BB at a time. The complication is that we may start in the
-        // middle of the first BB visited (the one containing `location`), in which
+        // middle of the first BB visited (the one containing `first_location`), in which
         // case we may have to later on process the first part of that BB if there
         // is a path back to its start.
 
@@ -168,61 +168,58 @@ impl<'tcx> OutOfScopePrecomputer<'_, 'tcx> {
         // `visited` once they are added to `stack`, before they are actually
         // processed, because this avoids the need to look them up again on
         // completion.
-        self.visited.insert(location.block);
+        self.visited.insert(first_location.block);
 
-        let mut first_lo = location.statement_index;
-        let first_hi = self.body[location.block].statements.len();
+        let first_block = first_location.block;
+        let mut first_lo = first_location.statement_index;
+        let first_hi = self.body[first_block].statements.len();
 
-        self.visit_stack.push(StackEntry { bb: location.block, lo: first_lo, hi: first_hi });
+        self.visit_stack.push(StackEntry { bb: first_block, lo: first_lo, hi: first_hi });
 
-        while let Some(StackEntry { bb, lo, hi }) = self.visit_stack.pop() {
-            // If we process the first part of the first basic block (i.e. we encounter that block
-            // for the second time), we no longer have to visit its successors again.
-            let mut finished_early = bb == location.block && hi != first_hi;
-            for i in lo..=hi {
-                let location = Location { block: bb, statement_index: i };
+        'preorder: while let Some(StackEntry { bb, lo, hi }) = self.visit_stack.pop() {
+            if let Some(kill_stmt) =
+                self.regioncx.first_non_contained_inclusive(borrow_region, bb, lo, hi)
+            {
+                let kill_location = Location { block: bb, statement_index: kill_stmt };
                 // If region does not contain a point at the location, then add to list and skip
                 // successor locations.
-                if !self.regioncx.region_contains(borrow_region, location) {
-                    debug!("borrow {:?} gets killed at {:?}", borrow_index, location);
-                    self.borrows_out_of_scope_at_location
-                        .entry(location)
-                        .or_default()
-                        .push(borrow_index);
-                    finished_early = true;
-                    break;
-                }
+                debug!("borrow {:?} gets killed at {:?}", borrow_index, kill_location);
+                self.borrows_out_of_scope_at_location
+                    .entry(kill_location)
+                    .or_default()
+                    .push(borrow_index);
+                continue 'preorder;
             }
 
-            if !finished_early {
-                // Add successor BBs to the work list, if necessary.
-                let bb_data = &self.body[bb];
-                debug_assert!(hi == bb_data.statements.len());
-                for succ_bb in bb_data.terminator().successors() {
-                    if !self.visited.insert(succ_bb) {
-                        if succ_bb == location.block && first_lo > 0 {
-                            // `succ_bb` has been seen before. If it wasn't
-                            // fully processed, add its first part to `stack`
-                            // for processing.
-                            self.visit_stack.push(StackEntry {
-                                bb: succ_bb,
-                                lo: 0,
-                                hi: first_lo - 1,
-                            });
-
-                            // And update this entry with 0, to represent the
-                            // whole BB being processed.
-                            first_lo = 0;
-                        }
-                    } else {
-                        // succ_bb hasn't been seen before. Add it to
-                        // `stack` for processing.
-                        self.visit_stack.push(StackEntry {
-                            bb: succ_bb,
-                            lo: 0,
-                            hi: self.body[succ_bb].statements.len(),
-                        });
+            // If we process the first part of the first basic block (i.e. we encounter that block
+            // for the second time), we no longer have to visit its successors again.
+            if bb == first_block && hi != first_hi {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // Add successor BBs to the work list, if necessary.
+            let bb_data = &self.body[bb];
+            debug_assert!(hi == bb_data.statements.len());
+            for succ_bb in bb_data.terminator().successors() {
+                if !self.visited.insert(succ_bb) {
+                    if succ_bb == first_block && first_lo > 0 {
+                        // `succ_bb` has been seen before. If it wasn't
+                        // fully processed, add its first part to `stack`
+                        // for processing.
+                        self.visit_stack.push(StackEntry { bb: succ_bb, lo: 0, hi: first_lo - 1 });
+
+                        // And update this entry with 0, to represent the
+                        // whole BB being processed.
+                        first_lo = 0;
                     }
+                } else {
+                    // succ_bb hasn't been seen before. Add it to
+                    // `stack` for processing.
+                    self.visit_stack.push(StackEntry {
+                        bb: succ_bb,
+                        lo: 0,
+                        hi: self.body[succ_bb].statements.len(),
+                    });
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -231,27 +228,32 @@ impl<'tcx> OutOfScopePrecomputer<'_, 'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
+pub fn calculate_borrows_out_of_scope_at_location<'tcx>(
+    body: &Body<'tcx>,
+    regioncx: &RegionInferenceContext<'tcx>,
+    borrow_set: &BorrowSet<'tcx>,
+) -> FxIndexMap<Location, Vec<BorrowIndex>> {
+    let mut prec = OutOfScopePrecomputer::new(body, regioncx);
+    for (borrow_index, borrow_data) in borrow_set.iter_enumerated() {
+        let borrow_region = borrow_data.region;
+        let location = borrow_data.reserve_location;
+
+        prec.precompute_borrows_out_of_scope(borrow_index, borrow_region, location);
+    }
+
+    prec.borrows_out_of_scope_at_location
+}
+
 impl<'a, 'tcx> Borrows<'a, 'tcx> {
-    pub(crate) fn new(
+    pub fn new(
         tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
         body: &'a Body<'tcx>,
         nonlexical_regioncx: &'a RegionInferenceContext<'tcx>,
         borrow_set: &'a BorrowSet<'tcx>,
     ) -> Self {
-        let mut prec = OutOfScopePrecomputer::new(body, nonlexical_regioncx);
-        for (borrow_index, borrow_data) in borrow_set.iter_enumerated() {
-            let borrow_region = borrow_data.region;
-            let location = borrow_data.reserve_location;
-
-            prec.precompute_borrows_out_of_scope(borrow_index, borrow_region, location);
-        }
-
-        Borrows {
-            tcx,
-            body,
-            borrow_set,
-            borrows_out_of_scope_at_location: prec.borrows_out_of_scope_at_location,
-        }
+        let borrows_out_of_scope_at_location =
+            calculate_borrows_out_of_scope_at_location(body, nonlexical_regioncx, borrow_set);
+        Borrows { tcx, body, borrow_set, borrows_out_of_scope_at_location }
     }
 
     pub fn location(&self, idx: BorrowIndex) -> &Location {
@@ -328,7 +330,7 @@ impl<'tcx> rustc_mir_dataflow::AnalysisDomain<'tcx> for Borrows<'_, 'tcx> {
 
     fn bottom_value(&self, _: &mir::Body<'tcx>) -> Self::Domain {
         // bottom = nothing is reserved or activated yet;
-        BitSet::new_empty(self.borrow_set.len() * 2)
+        BitSet::new_empty(self.borrow_set.len())
     }
 
     fn initialize_start_block(&self, _: &mir::Body<'tcx>, _: &mut Self::Domain) {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/def_use.rs b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/def_use.rs
index 74e6ce37e97..b719a610e07 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/def_use.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/def_use.rs
@@ -50,12 +50,11 @@ pub fn categorize(context: PlaceContext) -> Option<DefUse> {
         PlaceContext::MutatingUse(MutatingUseContext::Borrow) |
         PlaceContext::NonMutatingUse(NonMutatingUseContext::SharedBorrow) |
         PlaceContext::NonMutatingUse(NonMutatingUseContext::ShallowBorrow) |
-        PlaceContext::NonMutatingUse(NonMutatingUseContext::UniqueBorrow) |
 
         // `PlaceMention` and `AscribeUserType` both evaluate the place, which must not
         // contain dangling references.
         PlaceContext::NonMutatingUse(NonMutatingUseContext::PlaceMention) |
-        PlaceContext::NonUse(NonUseContext::AscribeUserTy) |
+        PlaceContext::NonUse(NonUseContext::AscribeUserTy(_)) |
 
         PlaceContext::MutatingUse(MutatingUseContext::AddressOf) |
         PlaceContext::NonMutatingUse(NonMutatingUseContext::AddressOf) |
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/bound_region_errors.rs b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/bound_region_errors.rs
index 84f75caa692..cfcf31fce32 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/bound_region_errors.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/bound_region_errors.rs
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ impl<'tcx> ToUniverseInfo<'tcx>
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tcx, F, G> ToUniverseInfo<'tcx> for Canonical<'tcx, type_op::custom::CustomTypeOp<F, G>> {
+impl<'tcx, F> ToUniverseInfo<'tcx> for Canonical<'tcx, type_op::custom::CustomTypeOp<F>> {
     fn to_universe_info(self, _base_universe: ty::UniverseIndex) -> UniverseInfo<'tcx> {
         // We can't rerun custom type ops.
         UniverseInfo::other()
@@ -180,24 +180,25 @@ trait TypeOpInfo<'tcx> {
             return;
         };
 
-        let placeholder_region = tcx.mk_re_placeholder(ty::Placeholder {
-            universe: adjusted_universe.into(),
-            bound: placeholder.bound,
-        });
-
-        let error_region =
-            if let RegionElement::PlaceholderRegion(error_placeholder) = error_element {
-                let adjusted_universe =
-                    error_placeholder.universe.as_u32().checked_sub(base_universe.as_u32());
-                adjusted_universe.map(|adjusted| {
-                    tcx.mk_re_placeholder(ty::Placeholder {
-                        universe: adjusted.into(),
-                        bound: error_placeholder.bound,
-                    })
-                })
-            } else {
-                None
-            };
+        let placeholder_region = ty::Region::new_placeholder(
+            tcx,
+            ty::Placeholder { universe: adjusted_universe.into(), bound: placeholder.bound },
+        );
+
+        let error_region = if let RegionElement::PlaceholderRegion(error_placeholder) =
+            error_element
+        {
+            let adjusted_universe =
+                error_placeholder.universe.as_u32().checked_sub(base_universe.as_u32());
+            adjusted_universe.map(|adjusted| {
+                ty::Region::new_placeholder(
+                    tcx,
+                    ty::Placeholder { universe: adjusted.into(), bound: error_placeholder.bound },
+                )
+            })
+        } else {
+            None
+        };
 
         debug!(?placeholder_region);
 
@@ -390,7 +391,7 @@ fn try_extract_error_from_fulfill_cx<'tcx>(
         error_region,
         &region_constraints,
         |vid| ocx.infcx.region_var_origin(vid),
-        |vid| ocx.infcx.universe_of_region(ocx.infcx.tcx.mk_re_var(vid)),
+        |vid| ocx.infcx.universe_of_region(ty::Region::new_var(ocx.infcx.tcx, vid)),
     )
 }
 
@@ -411,7 +412,7 @@ fn try_extract_error_from_region_constraints<'tcx>(
                 }
                 // FIXME: Should this check the universe of the var?
                 Constraint::VarSubReg(vid, sup) if sup == placeholder_region => {
-                    Some((infcx.tcx.mk_re_var(vid), cause.clone()))
+                    Some((ty::Region::new_var(infcx.tcx, vid), cause.clone()))
                 }
                 _ => None,
             }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/conflict_errors.rs b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/conflict_errors.rs
index 04b8174079a..15d73ed732f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/conflict_errors.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/conflict_errors.rs
@@ -1635,34 +1635,6 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> MirBorrowckCtxt<'cx, 'tcx> {
             })
     }
 
-    /// Reports StorageDeadOrDrop of `place` conflicts with `borrow`.
-    ///
-    /// Depending on the origin of the StorageDeadOrDrop, this may be
-    /// reported as either a drop or an illegal mutation of a borrowed value.
-    /// The latter is preferred when the this is a drop triggered by a
-    /// reassignment, as it's more user friendly to report a problem with the
-    /// explicit assignment than the implicit drop.
-    #[instrument(level = "debug", skip(self))]
-    pub(crate) fn report_storage_dead_or_drop_of_borrowed(
-        &mut self,
-        location: Location,
-        place_span: (Place<'tcx>, Span),
-        borrow: &BorrowData<'tcx>,
-    ) {
-        // It's sufficient to check the last desugaring as Replace is the last
-        // one to be applied.
-        if let Some(DesugaringKind::Replace) = place_span.1.desugaring_kind() {
-            self.report_illegal_mutation_of_borrowed(location, place_span, borrow)
-        } else {
-            self.report_borrowed_value_does_not_live_long_enough(
-                location,
-                borrow,
-                place_span,
-                Some(WriteKind::StorageDeadOrDrop),
-            )
-        }
-    }
-
     /// This means that some data referenced by `borrow` needs to live
     /// past the point where the StorageDeadOrDrop of `place` occurs.
     /// This is usually interpreted as meaning that `place` has too
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/explain_borrow.rs b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/explain_borrow.rs
index d0cb1126f38..1d430a93a87 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/explain_borrow.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/explain_borrow.rs
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ impl<'tcx> BorrowExplanation<'tcx> {
                     let path_span = path_span.unwrap();
                     // path_span is only present in the case of closure capture
                     assert!(matches!(later_use_kind, LaterUseKind::ClosureCapture));
-                    if !borrow_span.map_or(false, |sp| sp.overlaps(var_or_use_span)) {
+                    if !borrow_span.is_some_and(|sp| sp.overlaps(var_or_use_span)) {
                         let path_label = "used here by closure";
                         let capture_kind_label = message;
                         err.span_label(
@@ -224,12 +224,9 @@ impl<'tcx> BorrowExplanation<'tcx> {
                             if info.tail_result_is_ignored {
                                 // #85581: If the first mutable borrow's scope contains
                                 // the second borrow, this suggestion isn't helpful.
-                                if !multiple_borrow_span
-                                    .map(|(old, new)| {
-                                        old.to(info.span.shrink_to_hi()).contains(new)
-                                    })
-                                    .unwrap_or(false)
-                                {
+                                if !multiple_borrow_span.is_some_and(|(old, new)| {
+                                    old.to(info.span.shrink_to_hi()).contains(new)
+                                }) {
                                     err.span_suggestion_verbose(
                                         info.span.shrink_to_hi(),
                                         "consider adding semicolon after the expression so its \
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/mod.rs
index 7fc8eb161d2..20370e4c6ac 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/mod.rs
@@ -1156,7 +1156,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> MirBorrowckCtxt<'cx, 'tcx> {
                                 ty::Adt(def, ..) => Some(def.did()),
                                 _ => None,
                             });
-                    let is_option_or_result = parent_self_ty.map_or(false, |def_id| {
+                    let is_option_or_result = parent_self_ty.is_some_and(|def_id| {
                         matches!(tcx.get_diagnostic_name(def_id), Some(sym::Option | sym::Result))
                     });
                     if is_option_or_result && maybe_reinitialized_locations_is_empty {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/mutability_errors.rs b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/mutability_errors.rs
index 6286033e067..d0e17bf5a08 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/mutability_errors.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/mutability_errors.rs
@@ -289,8 +289,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> MirBorrowckCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                     .body
                     .local_decls
                     .get(local)
-                    .map(|l| mut_borrow_of_mutable_ref(l, self.local_names[local]))
-                    .unwrap_or(false) =>
+                    .is_some_and(|l| mut_borrow_of_mutable_ref(l, self.local_names[local])) =>
             {
                 let decl = &self.body.local_decls[local];
                 err.span_label(span, format!("cannot {act}"));
@@ -443,7 +442,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> MirBorrowckCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                     .sess
                     .source_map()
                     .span_to_snippet(span)
-                    .map_or(false, |snippet| snippet.starts_with("&mut ")) =>
+                    .is_ok_and(|snippet| snippet.starts_with("&mut ")) =>
             {
                 err.span_label(span, format!("cannot {act}"));
                 err.span_suggestion(
@@ -642,13 +641,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> MirBorrowckCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             let Some(hir::Node::Item(item)) = node else { return; };
             let hir::ItemKind::Fn(.., body_id) = item.kind else { return; };
             let body = self.infcx.tcx.hir().body(body_id);
-            let mut assign_span = span;
-            // Drop desugaring is done at MIR build so it's not in the HIR
-            if let Some(DesugaringKind::Replace) = span.desugaring_kind() {
-                assign_span.remove_mark();
-            }
 
-            let mut v = V { assign_span, err, ty, suggested: false };
+            let mut v = V { assign_span: span, err, ty, suggested: false };
             v.visit_body(body);
             if !v.suggested {
                 err.help(format!(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/outlives_suggestion.rs b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/outlives_suggestion.rs
index ffba6058186..b6eb9ae980e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/outlives_suggestion.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/diagnostics/outlives_suggestion.rs
@@ -125,8 +125,7 @@ impl OutlivesSuggestionBuilder {
                     |(r, _)| {
                         self.constraints_to_add
                             .get(r)
-                            .map(|r_outlived| r_outlived.as_slice().contains(fr))
-                            .unwrap_or(false)
+                            .is_some_and(|r_outlived| r_outlived.as_slice().contains(fr))
                     },
                 );
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/invalidation.rs b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/invalidation.rs
index 863c92acdf4..b2ff25ecb96 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/invalidation.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/invalidation.rs
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ struct InvalidationGenerator<'cx, 'tcx> {
     all_facts: &'cx mut AllFacts,
     location_table: &'cx LocationTable,
     body: &'cx Body<'tcx>,
-    dominators: Dominators<BasicBlock>,
+    dominators: &'cx Dominators<BasicBlock>,
     borrow_set: &'cx BorrowSet<'tcx>,
 }
 
@@ -112,11 +112,13 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for InvalidationGenerator<'cx, 'tcx> {
             TerminatorKind::SwitchInt { discr, targets: _ } => {
                 self.consume_operand(location, discr);
             }
-            TerminatorKind::Drop { place: drop_place, target: _, unwind: _ } => {
+            TerminatorKind::Drop { place: drop_place, target: _, unwind: _, replace } => {
+                let write_kind =
+                    if *replace { WriteKind::Replace } else { WriteKind::StorageDeadOrDrop };
                 self.access_place(
                     location,
                     *drop_place,
-                    (AccessDepth::Drop, Write(WriteKind::StorageDeadOrDrop)),
+                    (AccessDepth::Drop, Write(write_kind)),
                     LocalMutationIsAllowed::Yes,
                 );
             }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/lib.rs
index 315303b25fe..a53ea100c22 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/lib.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ use rustc_hir::def_id::LocalDefId;
 use rustc_index::bit_set::ChunkedBitSet;
 use rustc_index::{IndexSlice, IndexVec};
 use rustc_infer::infer::{
-    DefiningAnchor, InferCtxt, NllRegionVariableOrigin, RegionVariableOrigin, TyCtxtInferExt,
+    InferCtxt, NllRegionVariableOrigin, RegionVariableOrigin, TyCtxtInferExt,
 };
 use rustc_middle::mir::{
     traversal, Body, ClearCrossCrate, Local, Location, Mutability, NonDivergingIntrinsic, Operand,
@@ -35,7 +35,8 @@ use rustc_middle::mir::{
 use rustc_middle::mir::{AggregateKind, BasicBlock, BorrowCheckResult, BorrowKind};
 use rustc_middle::mir::{InlineAsmOperand, Terminator, TerminatorKind};
 use rustc_middle::mir::{ProjectionElem, Promoted, Rvalue, Statement, StatementKind};
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::traits::DefiningAnchor;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, CapturedPlace, ParamEnv, RegionVid, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_session::lint::builtin::UNUSED_MUT;
 use rustc_span::{Span, Symbol};
@@ -43,7 +44,6 @@ use rustc_target::abi::FieldIdx;
 
 use either::Either;
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
-use std::cell::OnceCell;
 use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 use std::ops::Deref;
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ use crate::session_diagnostics::VarNeedNotMut;
 use self::diagnostics::{AccessKind, RegionName};
 use self::location::LocationTable;
 use self::prefixes::PrefixSet;
-use facts::AllFacts;
+use consumers::{BodyWithBorrowckFacts, ConsumerOptions};
 
 use self::path_utils::*;
 
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ fn mir_borrowck(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def: LocalDefId) -> &BorrowCheckResult<'_> {
         tcx.infer_ctxt().with_opaque_type_inference(DefiningAnchor::Bind(hir_owner.def_id)).build();
     let input_body: &Body<'_> = &input_body.borrow();
     let promoted: &IndexSlice<_, _> = &promoted.borrow();
-    let opt_closure_req = do_mir_borrowck(&infcx, input_body, promoted, false).0;
+    let opt_closure_req = do_mir_borrowck(&infcx, input_body, promoted, None).0;
     debug!("mir_borrowck done");
 
     tcx.arena.alloc(opt_closure_req)
@@ -152,15 +152,15 @@ fn mir_borrowck(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def: LocalDefId) -> &BorrowCheckResult<'_> {
 
 /// Perform the actual borrow checking.
 ///
-/// If `return_body_with_facts` is true, then return the body with non-erased
-/// region ids on which the borrow checking was performed together with Polonius
-/// facts.
+/// Use `consumer_options: None` for the default behavior of returning
+/// [`BorrowCheckResult`] only. Otherwise, return [`BodyWithBorrowckFacts`] according
+/// to the given [`ConsumerOptions`].
 #[instrument(skip(infcx, input_body, input_promoted), fields(id=?input_body.source.def_id()), level = "debug")]
 fn do_mir_borrowck<'tcx>(
     infcx: &InferCtxt<'tcx>,
     input_body: &Body<'tcx>,
     input_promoted: &IndexSlice<Promoted, Body<'tcx>>,
-    return_body_with_facts: bool,
+    consumer_options: Option<ConsumerOptions>,
 ) -> (BorrowCheckResult<'tcx>, Option<Box<BodyWithBorrowckFacts<'tcx>>>) {
     let def = input_body.source.def_id().expect_local();
     debug!(?def);
@@ -241,8 +241,6 @@ fn do_mir_borrowck<'tcx>(
     let borrow_set =
         Rc::new(BorrowSet::build(tcx, body, locals_are_invalidated_at_exit, &mdpe.move_data));
 
-    let use_polonius = return_body_with_facts || infcx.tcx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.polonius;
-
     // Compute non-lexical lifetimes.
     let nll::NllOutput {
         regioncx,
@@ -262,7 +260,7 @@ fn do_mir_borrowck<'tcx>(
         &mdpe.move_data,
         &borrow_set,
         &upvars,
-        use_polonius,
+        consumer_options,
     );
 
     // Dump MIR results into a file, if that is enabled. This let us
@@ -331,7 +329,6 @@ fn do_mir_borrowck<'tcx>(
                 used_mut: Default::default(),
                 used_mut_upvars: SmallVec::new(),
                 borrow_set: Rc::clone(&borrow_set),
-                dominators: Default::default(),
                 upvars: Vec::new(),
                 local_names: IndexVec::from_elem(None, &promoted_body.local_decls),
                 region_names: RefCell::default(),
@@ -360,7 +357,6 @@ fn do_mir_borrowck<'tcx>(
         used_mut: Default::default(),
         used_mut_upvars: SmallVec::new(),
         borrow_set: Rc::clone(&borrow_set),
-        dominators: Default::default(),
         upvars,
         local_names,
         region_names: RefCell::default(),
@@ -444,13 +440,16 @@ fn do_mir_borrowck<'tcx>(
         tainted_by_errors,
     };
 
-    let body_with_facts = if return_body_with_facts {
-        let output_facts = mbcx.polonius_output.expect("Polonius output was not computed");
+    let body_with_facts = if consumer_options.is_some() {
+        let output_facts = mbcx.polonius_output;
         Some(Box::new(BodyWithBorrowckFacts {
             body: body_owned,
-            input_facts: *polonius_input.expect("Polonius input facts were not generated"),
+            promoted,
+            borrow_set,
+            region_inference_context: regioncx,
+            location_table: polonius_input.as_ref().map(|_| location_table_owned),
+            input_facts: polonius_input,
             output_facts,
-            location_table: location_table_owned,
         }))
     } else {
         None
@@ -461,22 +460,6 @@ fn do_mir_borrowck<'tcx>(
     (result, body_with_facts)
 }
 
-/// A `Body` with information computed by the borrow checker. This struct is
-/// intended to be consumed by compiler consumers.
-///
-/// We need to include the MIR body here because the region identifiers must
-/// match the ones in the Polonius facts.
-pub struct BodyWithBorrowckFacts<'tcx> {
-    /// A mir body that contains region identifiers.
-    pub body: Body<'tcx>,
-    /// Polonius input facts.
-    pub input_facts: AllFacts,
-    /// Polonius output facts.
-    pub output_facts: Rc<self::nll::PoloniusOutput>,
-    /// The table that maps Polonius points to locations in the table.
-    pub location_table: LocationTable,
-}
-
 pub struct BorrowckInferCtxt<'cx, 'tcx> {
     pub(crate) infcx: &'cx InferCtxt<'tcx>,
     pub(crate) reg_var_to_origin: RefCell<FxIndexMap<ty::RegionVid, RegionCtxt>>,
@@ -591,9 +574,6 @@ struct MirBorrowckCtxt<'cx, 'tcx> {
     /// The set of borrows extracted from the MIR
     borrow_set: Rc<BorrowSet<'tcx>>,
 
-    /// Dominators for MIR
-    dominators: OnceCell<Dominators<BasicBlock>>,
-
     /// Information about upvars not necessarily preserved in types or MIR
     upvars: Vec<Upvar<'tcx>>,
 
@@ -705,17 +685,19 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> rustc_mir_dataflow::ResultsVisitor<'cx, 'tcx> for MirBorrowckCtx
             TerminatorKind::SwitchInt { discr, targets: _ } => {
                 self.consume_operand(loc, (discr, span), flow_state);
             }
-            TerminatorKind::Drop { place, target: _, unwind: _ } => {
+            TerminatorKind::Drop { place, target: _, unwind: _, replace } => {
                 debug!(
                     "visit_terminator_drop \
                      loc: {:?} term: {:?} place: {:?} span: {:?}",
                     loc, term, place, span
                 );
 
+                let write_kind =
+                    if *replace { WriteKind::Replace } else { WriteKind::StorageDeadOrDrop };
                 self.access_place(
                     loc,
                     (*place, span),
-                    (AccessDepth::Drop, Write(WriteKind::StorageDeadOrDrop)),
+                    (AccessDepth::Drop, Write(write_kind)),
                     LocalMutationIsAllowed::Yes,
                     flow_state,
                 );
@@ -905,6 +887,7 @@ enum ReadKind {
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
 enum WriteKind {
     StorageDeadOrDrop,
+    Replace,
     MutableBorrow(BorrowKind),
     Mutate,
     Move,
@@ -1152,13 +1135,21 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> MirBorrowckCtxt<'cx, 'tcx> {
                             this.buffer_error(err);
                         }
                         WriteKind::StorageDeadOrDrop => this
-                            .report_storage_dead_or_drop_of_borrowed(location, place_span, borrow),
+                            .report_borrowed_value_does_not_live_long_enough(
+                                location,
+                                borrow,
+                                place_span,
+                                Some(WriteKind::StorageDeadOrDrop),
+                            ),
                         WriteKind::Mutate => {
                             this.report_illegal_mutation_of_borrowed(location, place_span, borrow)
                         }
                         WriteKind::Move => {
                             this.report_move_out_while_borrowed(location, place_span, borrow)
                         }
+                        WriteKind::Replace => {
+                            this.report_illegal_mutation_of_borrowed(location, place_span, borrow)
+                        }
                     }
                     Control::Break
                 }
@@ -2002,12 +1993,14 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> MirBorrowckCtxt<'cx, 'tcx> {
 
             Reservation(
                 WriteKind::Move
+                | WriteKind::Replace
                 | WriteKind::StorageDeadOrDrop
                 | WriteKind::MutableBorrow(BorrowKind::Shared)
                 | WriteKind::MutableBorrow(BorrowKind::Shallow),
             )
             | Write(
                 WriteKind::Move
+                | WriteKind::Replace
                 | WriteKind::StorageDeadOrDrop
                 | WriteKind::MutableBorrow(BorrowKind::Shared)
                 | WriteKind::MutableBorrow(BorrowKind::Shallow),
@@ -2269,7 +2262,8 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> MirBorrowckCtxt<'cx, 'tcx> {
     }
 
     fn dominators(&self) -> &Dominators<BasicBlock> {
-        self.dominators.get_or_init(|| self.body.basic_blocks.dominators())
+        // `BasicBlocks` computes dominators on-demand and caches them.
+        self.body.basic_blocks.dominators()
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/nll.rs b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/nll.rs
index a4394ddc01c..b5014a3f479 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/nll.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/nll.rs
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ use rustc_mir_dataflow::ResultsCursor;
 use crate::{
     borrow_set::BorrowSet,
     constraint_generation,
+    consumers::ConsumerOptions,
     diagnostics::RegionErrors,
     facts::{AllFacts, AllFactsExt, RustcFacts},
     invalidation,
@@ -165,10 +166,14 @@ pub(crate) fn compute_regions<'cx, 'tcx>(
     move_data: &MoveData<'tcx>,
     borrow_set: &BorrowSet<'tcx>,
     upvars: &[Upvar<'tcx>],
-    use_polonius: bool,
+    consumer_options: Option<ConsumerOptions>,
 ) -> NllOutput<'tcx> {
+    let polonius_input = consumer_options.map(|c| c.polonius_input()).unwrap_or_default()
+        || infcx.tcx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.polonius;
+    let polonius_output = consumer_options.map(|c| c.polonius_output()).unwrap_or_default()
+        || infcx.tcx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.polonius;
     let mut all_facts =
-        (use_polonius || AllFacts::enabled(infcx.tcx)).then_some(AllFacts::default());
+        (polonius_input || AllFacts::enabled(infcx.tcx)).then_some(AllFacts::default());
 
     let universal_regions = Rc::new(universal_regions);
 
@@ -189,7 +194,7 @@ pub(crate) fn compute_regions<'cx, 'tcx>(
             move_data,
             elements,
             upvars,
-            use_polonius,
+            polonius_input,
         );
 
     if let Some(all_facts) = &mut all_facts {
@@ -284,7 +289,7 @@ pub(crate) fn compute_regions<'cx, 'tcx>(
             all_facts.write_to_dir(dir_path, location_table).unwrap();
         }
 
-        if use_polonius {
+        if polonius_output {
             let algorithm =
                 env::var("POLONIUS_ALGORITHM").unwrap_or_else(|_| String::from("Hybrid"));
             let algorithm = Algorithm::from_str(&algorithm).unwrap();
@@ -430,16 +435,16 @@ pub(super) fn dump_annotation<'tcx>(
 fn for_each_region_constraint<'tcx>(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
     closure_region_requirements: &ClosureRegionRequirements<'tcx>,
-    with_msg: &mut dyn FnMut(&str) -> io::Result<()>,
+    with_msg: &mut dyn FnMut(String) -> io::Result<()>,
 ) -> io::Result<()> {
     for req in &closure_region_requirements.outlives_requirements {
         let subject = match req.subject {
             ClosureOutlivesSubject::Region(subject) => format!("{:?}", subject),
             ClosureOutlivesSubject::Ty(ty) => {
-                format!("{:?}", ty.instantiate(tcx, |vid| tcx.mk_re_var(vid)))
+                format!("{:?}", ty.instantiate(tcx, |vid| ty::Region::new_var(tcx, vid)))
             }
         };
-        with_msg(&format!("where {}: {:?}", subject, req.outlived_free_region,))?;
+        with_msg(format!("where {}: {:?}", subject, req.outlived_free_region,))?;
     }
     Ok(())
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/place_ext.rs b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/place_ext.rs
index 85d207b2fc9..d521d0db213 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/place_ext.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/place_ext.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use rustc_middle::mir::{Body, Mutability, Place};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, TyCtxt};
 
 /// Extension methods for the `Place` type.
-pub(crate) trait PlaceExt<'tcx> {
+pub trait PlaceExt<'tcx> {
     /// Returns `true` if we can safely ignore borrows of this place.
     /// This is true whenever there is no action that the user can do
     /// to the place `self` that would invalidate the borrow. This is true
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/places_conflict.rs b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/places_conflict.rs
index 918fb2d6923..25c485b814f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/places_conflict.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/places_conflict.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use std::iter;
 /// being run in the calling context, the conservative choice is to assume the compared indices
 /// are disjoint (and therefore, do not overlap).
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
-pub(crate) enum PlaceConflictBias {
+pub enum PlaceConflictBias {
     Overlap,
     NoOverlap,
 }
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ pub(crate) enum PlaceConflictBias {
 /// Helper function for checking if places conflict with a mutable borrow and deep access depth.
 /// This is used to check for places conflicting outside of the borrow checking code (such as in
 /// dataflow).
-pub(crate) fn places_conflict<'tcx>(
+pub fn places_conflict<'tcx>(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
     body: &Body<'tcx>,
     borrow_place: Place<'tcx>,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/region_infer/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/region_infer/mod.rs
index 8fbe814c856..2a0cb49672b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/region_infer/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/region_infer/mod.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use rustc_infer::infer::outlives::test_type_match;
 use rustc_infer::infer::region_constraints::{GenericKind, VarInfos, VerifyBound, VerifyIfEq};
 use rustc_infer::infer::{InferCtxt, NllRegionVariableOrigin, RegionVariableOrigin};
 use rustc_middle::mir::{
-    Body, ClosureOutlivesRequirement, ClosureOutlivesSubject, ClosureOutlivesSubjectTy,
+    BasicBlock, Body, ClosureOutlivesRequirement, ClosureOutlivesSubject, ClosureOutlivesSubjectTy,
     ClosureRegionRequirements, ConstraintCategory, Local, Location, ReturnConstraint,
     TerminatorKind,
 };
@@ -585,6 +585,11 @@ impl<'tcx> RegionInferenceContext<'tcx> {
         self.universal_regions.to_region_vid(r)
     }
 
+    /// Returns an iterator over all the outlives constraints.
+    pub fn outlives_constraints(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = OutlivesConstraint<'tcx>> + '_ {
+        self.constraints.outlives().iter().copied()
+    }
+
     /// Adds annotations for `#[rustc_regions]`; see `UniversalRegions::annotate`.
     pub(crate) fn annotate(&self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, err: &mut Diagnostic) {
         self.universal_regions.annotate(tcx, err)
@@ -598,6 +603,20 @@ impl<'tcx> RegionInferenceContext<'tcx> {
         self.scc_values.contains(scc, p)
     }
 
+    /// Returns the lowest statement index in `start..=end` which is not contained by `r`.
+    ///
+    /// Panics if called before `solve()` executes.
+    pub(crate) fn first_non_contained_inclusive(
+        &self,
+        r: RegionVid,
+        block: BasicBlock,
+        start: usize,
+        end: usize,
+    ) -> Option<usize> {
+        let scc = self.constraint_sccs.scc(r);
+        self.scc_values.first_non_contained_inclusive(scc, block, start, end)
+    }
+
     /// Returns access to the value of `r` for debugging purposes.
     pub(crate) fn region_value_str(&self, r: RegionVid) -> String {
         let scc = self.constraint_sccs.scc(r);
@@ -698,7 +717,7 @@ impl<'tcx> RegionInferenceContext<'tcx> {
     #[instrument(skip(self, _body), level = "debug")]
     fn propagate_constraints(&mut self, _body: &Body<'tcx>) {
         debug!("constraints={:#?}", {
-            let mut constraints: Vec<_> = self.constraints.outlives().iter().collect();
+            let mut constraints: Vec<_> = self.outlives_constraints().collect();
             constraints.sort_by_key(|c| (c.sup, c.sub));
             constraints
                 .into_iter()
@@ -1139,7 +1158,7 @@ impl<'tcx> RegionInferenceContext<'tcx> {
                 .universal_regions_outlived_by(r_scc)
                 .filter(|&u_r| !self.universal_regions.is_local_free_region(u_r))
                 .find(|&u_r| self.eval_equal(u_r, r_vid))
-                .map(|u_r| tcx.mk_re_var(u_r))
+                .map(|u_r| ty::Region::new_var(tcx, u_r))
                 // In the case of a failure, use `ReErased`. We will eventually
                 // return `None` in this case.
                 .unwrap_or(tcx.lifetimes.re_erased)
@@ -1336,7 +1355,7 @@ impl<'tcx> RegionInferenceContext<'tcx> {
             let vid = self.to_region_vid(r);
             let scc = self.constraint_sccs.scc(vid);
             let repr = self.scc_representatives[scc];
-            tcx.mk_re_var(repr)
+            ty::Region::new_var(tcx, repr)
         })
     }
 
@@ -1760,7 +1779,7 @@ impl<'tcx> RegionInferenceContext<'tcx> {
             }
 
             // If not, report an error.
-            let member_region = infcx.tcx.mk_re_var(member_region_vid);
+            let member_region = ty::Region::new_var(infcx.tcx, member_region_vid);
             errors_buffer.push(RegionErrorKind::UnexpectedHiddenRegion {
                 span: m_c.definition_span,
                 hidden_ty: m_c.hidden_ty,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/region_infer/opaque_types.rs b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/region_infer/opaque_types.rs
index 4970ece5e7d..13e346b86bc 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/region_infer/opaque_types.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/region_infer/opaque_types.rs
@@ -2,9 +2,10 @@ use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxIndexMap, FxIndexSet};
 use rustc_errors::ErrorGuaranteed;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::LocalDefId;
 use rustc_hir::OpaqueTyOrigin;
+use rustc_infer::infer::InferCtxt;
 use rustc_infer::infer::TyCtxtInferExt as _;
-use rustc_infer::infer::{DefiningAnchor, InferCtxt};
 use rustc_infer::traits::{Obligation, ObligationCause};
+use rustc_middle::traits::DefiningAnchor;
 use rustc_middle::ty::subst::{GenericArgKind, InternalSubsts};
 use rustc_middle::ty::visit::TypeVisitableExt;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, OpaqueHiddenType, OpaqueTypeKey, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeFoldable};
@@ -91,7 +92,8 @@ impl<'tcx> RegionInferenceContext<'tcx> {
                     }
                     None => {
                         subst_regions.push(vid);
-                        infcx.tcx.mk_re_error_with_message(
+                        ty::Region::new_error_with_message(
+                            infcx.tcx,
                             concrete_type.span,
                             "opaque type with non-universal region substs",
                         )
@@ -152,8 +154,10 @@ impl<'tcx> RegionInferenceContext<'tcx> {
                     let guar = ty.error_reported().err().unwrap_or_else(|| {
                         prev.report_mismatch(
                             &OpaqueHiddenType { ty, span: concrete_type.span },
+                            opaque_type_key.def_id,
                             infcx.tcx,
                         )
+                        .emit()
                     });
                     prev.ty = infcx.tcx.ty_error(guar);
                 }
@@ -265,7 +269,7 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtExt<'tcx> for InferCtxt<'tcx> {
 
         // Only check this for TAIT. RPIT already supports `tests/ui/impl-trait/nested-return-type2.rs`
         // on stable and we'd break that.
-        let OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias = origin else {
+        let OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias { .. } = origin else {
             return definition_ty;
         };
         let def_id = opaque_type_key.def_id;
@@ -275,8 +279,18 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtExt<'tcx> for InferCtxt<'tcx> {
         // HACK This bubble is required for this tests to pass:
         // nested-return-type2-tait2.rs
         // nested-return-type2-tait3.rs
-        let infcx =
-            self.tcx.infer_ctxt().with_opaque_type_inference(DefiningAnchor::Bubble).build();
+        // FIXME(-Ztrait-solver=next): We probably should use `DefiningAnchor::Error`
+        // and prepopulate this `InferCtxt` with known opaque values, rather than
+        // using the `Bind` anchor here. For now it's fine.
+        let infcx = self
+            .tcx
+            .infer_ctxt()
+            .with_opaque_type_inference(if self.tcx.trait_solver_next() {
+                DefiningAnchor::Bind(def_id)
+            } else {
+                DefiningAnchor::Bubble
+            })
+            .build();
         let ocx = ObligationCtxt::new(&infcx);
         // Require the hidden type to be well-formed with only the generics of the opaque type.
         // Defining use functions may have more bounds than the opaque type, which is ok, as long as the
@@ -360,7 +374,7 @@ fn check_opaque_type_parameter_valid(
         // which would error here on all of the `'static` args.
         OpaqueTyOrigin::FnReturn(..) | OpaqueTyOrigin::AsyncFn(..) => return Ok(()),
         // Check these
-        OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias => {}
+        OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias { .. } => {}
     }
     let opaque_generics = tcx.generics_of(opaque_type_key.def_id);
     let mut seen_params: FxIndexMap<_, Vec<_>> = FxIndexMap::default();
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/region_infer/values.rs b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/region_infer/values.rs
index 193e2060115..9290e747914 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/region_infer/values.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/region_infer/values.rs
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ impl<N: Idx> LivenessValues<N> {
     /// Returns `true` if the region `r` contains the given element.
     pub(crate) fn contains(&self, row: N, location: Location) -> bool {
         let index = self.elements.point_from_location(location);
-        self.points.row(row).map_or(false, |r| r.contains(index))
+        self.points.row(row).is_some_and(|r| r.contains(index))
     }
 
     /// Returns an iterator of all the elements contained by the region `r`
@@ -283,6 +283,22 @@ impl<N: Idx> RegionValues<N> {
         elem.contained_in_row(self, r)
     }
 
+    /// Returns the lowest statement index in `start..=end` which is not contained by `r`.
+    pub(crate) fn first_non_contained_inclusive(
+        &self,
+        r: N,
+        block: BasicBlock,
+        start: usize,
+        end: usize,
+    ) -> Option<usize> {
+        let row = self.points.row(r)?;
+        let block = self.elements.entry_point(block);
+        let start = block.plus(start);
+        let end = block.plus(end);
+        let first_unset = row.first_unset_in(start..=end)?;
+        Some(first_unset.index() - block.index())
+    }
+
     /// `self[to] |= values[from]`, essentially: that is, take all the
     /// elements for the region `from` from `values` and add them to
     /// the region `to` in `self`.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/canonical.rs b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/canonical.rs
index b27d5d20532..f527eee7bda 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/canonical.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/canonical.rs
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 use std::fmt;
 
-use rustc_infer::infer::{canonical::Canonical, InferOk};
+use rustc_errors::ErrorGuaranteed;
+use rustc_infer::infer::canonical::Canonical;
 use rustc_middle::mir::ConstraintCategory;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, ToPredicate, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeFoldable};
 use rustc_span::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc_span::Span;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::query::type_op::{self, TypeOpOutput};
-use rustc_trait_selection::traits::query::{Fallible, NoSolution};
-use rustc_trait_selection::traits::{ObligationCause, ObligationCtxt};
+use rustc_trait_selection::traits::ObligationCause;
 
 use crate::diagnostics::{ToUniverseInfo, UniverseInfo};
 
@@ -30,14 +30,15 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeChecker<'a, 'tcx> {
         locations: Locations,
         category: ConstraintCategory<'tcx>,
         op: Op,
-    ) -> Fallible<R>
+    ) -> Result<R, ErrorGuaranteed>
     where
         Op: type_op::TypeOp<'tcx, Output = R>,
         Op::ErrorInfo: ToUniverseInfo<'tcx>,
     {
         let old_universe = self.infcx.universe();
 
-        let TypeOpOutput { output, constraints, error_info } = op.fully_perform(self.infcx)?;
+        let TypeOpOutput { output, constraints, error_info } =
+            op.fully_perform(self.infcx, locations.span(self.body))?;
 
         debug!(?output, ?constraints);
 
@@ -135,14 +136,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeChecker<'a, 'tcx> {
     ) {
         let param_env = self.param_env;
         let predicate = predicate.to_predicate(self.tcx());
-        self.fully_perform_op(
+        let _: Result<_, ErrorGuaranteed> = self.fully_perform_op(
             locations,
             category,
             param_env.and(type_op::prove_predicate::ProvePredicate::new(predicate)),
-        )
-        .unwrap_or_else(|NoSolution| {
-            span_mirbug!(self, NoSolution, "could not prove {:?}", predicate);
-        })
+        );
     }
 
     pub(super) fn normalize<T>(&mut self, value: T, location: impl NormalizeLocation) -> T
@@ -163,15 +161,12 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeChecker<'a, 'tcx> {
         T: type_op::normalize::Normalizable<'tcx> + fmt::Display + Copy + 'tcx,
     {
         let param_env = self.param_env;
-        self.fully_perform_op(
+        let result: Result<_, ErrorGuaranteed> = self.fully_perform_op(
             location.to_locations(),
             category,
             param_env.and(type_op::normalize::Normalize::new(value)),
-        )
-        .unwrap_or_else(|NoSolution| {
-            span_mirbug!(self, NoSolution, "failed to normalize `{:?}`", value);
-            value
-        })
+        );
+        result.unwrap_or(value)
     }
 
     #[instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
@@ -181,18 +176,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeChecker<'a, 'tcx> {
         user_ty: ty::UserType<'tcx>,
         span: Span,
     ) {
-        self.fully_perform_op(
+        let _: Result<_, ErrorGuaranteed> = self.fully_perform_op(
             Locations::All(span),
             ConstraintCategory::Boring,
             self.param_env.and(type_op::ascribe_user_type::AscribeUserType::new(mir_ty, user_ty)),
-        )
-        .unwrap_or_else(|err| {
-            span_mirbug!(
-                self,
-                span,
-                "ascribe_user_type `{mir_ty:?}=={user_ty:?}` failed with `{err:?}`",
-            );
-        });
+        );
     }
 
     /// *Incorrectly* skips the WF checks we normally do in `ascribe_user_type`.
@@ -219,27 +207,17 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeChecker<'a, 'tcx> {
 
         let cause = ObligationCause::dummy_with_span(span);
         let param_env = self.param_env;
-        let op = |infcx: &'_ _| {
-            let ocx = ObligationCtxt::new_in_snapshot(infcx);
-            let user_ty = ocx.normalize(&cause, param_env, user_ty);
-            ocx.eq(&cause, param_env, user_ty, mir_ty)?;
-            if !ocx.select_all_or_error().is_empty() {
-                return Err(NoSolution);
-            }
-            Ok(InferOk { value: (), obligations: vec![] })
-        };
-
-        self.fully_perform_op(
+        let _: Result<_, ErrorGuaranteed> = self.fully_perform_op(
             Locations::All(span),
             ConstraintCategory::Boring,
-            type_op::custom::CustomTypeOp::new(op, || "ascribe_user_type_skip_wf".to_string()),
-        )
-        .unwrap_or_else(|err| {
-            span_mirbug!(
-                self,
-                span,
-                "ascribe_user_type_skip_wf `{mir_ty:?}=={user_ty:?}` failed with `{err:?}`",
-            );
-        });
+            type_op::custom::CustomTypeOp::new(
+                |ocx| {
+                    let user_ty = ocx.normalize(&cause, param_env, user_ty);
+                    ocx.eq(&cause, param_env, user_ty, mir_ty)?;
+                    Ok(())
+                },
+                "ascribe_user_type_skip_wf",
+            ),
+        );
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/free_region_relations.rs b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/free_region_relations.rs
index bd01c0b504c..c8ec1257d37 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/free_region_relations.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/free_region_relations.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use rustc_infer::infer::InferCtxt;
 use rustc_middle::mir::ConstraintCategory;
 use rustc_middle::traits::query::OutlivesBound;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, RegionVid, Ty};
-use rustc_span::Span;
+use rustc_span::{Span, DUMMY_SP};
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::query::type_op::{self, TypeOp};
 use std::rc::Rc;
 use type_op::TypeOpOutput;
@@ -243,18 +243,11 @@ impl<'tcx> UniversalRegionRelationsBuilder<'_, 'tcx> {
             let TypeOpOutput { output: norm_ty, constraints: constraints_normalize, .. } = self
                 .param_env
                 .and(type_op::normalize::Normalize::new(ty))
-                .fully_perform(self.infcx)
-                .unwrap_or_else(|_| {
-                    let guar = self
-                        .infcx
-                        .tcx
-                        .sess
-                        .delay_span_bug(span, format!("failed to normalize {:?}", ty));
-                    TypeOpOutput {
-                        output: self.infcx.tcx.ty_error(guar),
-                        constraints: None,
-                        error_info: None,
-                    }
+                .fully_perform(self.infcx, span)
+                .unwrap_or_else(|guar| TypeOpOutput {
+                    output: self.infcx.tcx.ty_error(guar),
+                    constraints: None,
+                    error_info: None,
                 });
             if let Some(c) = constraints_normalize {
                 constraints.push(c)
@@ -324,7 +317,7 @@ impl<'tcx> UniversalRegionRelationsBuilder<'_, 'tcx> {
         let TypeOpOutput { output: bounds, constraints, .. } = self
             .param_env
             .and(type_op::implied_outlives_bounds::ImpliedOutlivesBounds { ty })
-            .fully_perform(self.infcx)
+            .fully_perform(self.infcx, DUMMY_SP)
             .unwrap_or_else(|_| bug!("failed to compute implied bounds {:?}", ty));
         debug!(?bounds, ?constraints);
         self.add_outlives_bounds(bounds);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/liveness/trace.rs b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/liveness/trace.rs
index 9731b10aa99..eb02604b9d9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/liveness/trace.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/liveness/trace.rs
@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@ use rustc_index::bit_set::HybridBitSet;
 use rustc_index::interval::IntervalSet;
 use rustc_infer::infer::canonical::QueryRegionConstraints;
 use rustc_middle::mir::{BasicBlock, Body, ConstraintCategory, Local, Location};
+use rustc_middle::traits::query::DropckOutlivesResult;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{Ty, TyCtxt, TypeVisitable, TypeVisitableExt};
-use rustc_trait_selection::traits::query::dropck_outlives::DropckOutlivesResult;
+use rustc_span::DUMMY_SP;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::query::type_op::outlives::DropckOutlives;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::query::type_op::{TypeOp, TypeOpOutput};
 use std::rc::Rc;
@@ -568,10 +569,15 @@ impl<'tcx> LivenessContext<'_, '_, '_, 'tcx> {
     ) -> DropData<'tcx> {
         debug!("compute_drop_data(dropped_ty={:?})", dropped_ty,);
 
-        let param_env = typeck.param_env;
-        let TypeOpOutput { output, constraints, .. } =
-            param_env.and(DropckOutlives::new(dropped_ty)).fully_perform(typeck.infcx).unwrap();
-
-        DropData { dropck_result: output, region_constraint_data: constraints }
+        match typeck
+            .param_env
+            .and(DropckOutlives::new(dropped_ty))
+            .fully_perform(typeck.infcx, DUMMY_SP)
+        {
+            Ok(TypeOpOutput { output, constraints, .. }) => {
+                DropData { dropck_result: output, region_constraint_data: constraints }
+            }
+            Err(_) => DropData { dropck_result: Default::default(), region_constraint_data: None },
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/mod.rs
index dcabeb792be..908ff3da5ca 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/mod.rs
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ use either::Either;
 use hir::OpaqueTyOrigin;
 use rustc_data_structures::frozen::Frozen;
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxIndexMap, FxIndexSet};
+use rustc_errors::ErrorGuaranteed;
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def::DefKind;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::LocalDefId;
@@ -20,12 +21,13 @@ use rustc_infer::infer::outlives::env::RegionBoundPairs;
 use rustc_infer::infer::region_constraints::RegionConstraintData;
 use rustc_infer::infer::type_variable::{TypeVariableOrigin, TypeVariableOriginKind};
 use rustc_infer::infer::{
-    InferCtxt, InferOk, LateBoundRegion, LateBoundRegionConversionTime, NllRegionVariableOrigin,
+    InferCtxt, LateBoundRegion, LateBoundRegionConversionTime, NllRegionVariableOrigin,
 };
 use rustc_middle::mir::tcx::PlaceTy;
 use rustc_middle::mir::visit::{NonMutatingUseContext, PlaceContext, Visitor};
 use rustc_middle::mir::AssertKind;
 use rustc_middle::mir::*;
+use rustc_middle::traits::query::NoSolution;
 use rustc_middle::ty::adjustment::PointerCast;
 use rustc_middle::ty::cast::CastTy;
 use rustc_middle::ty::subst::{SubstsRef, UserSubsts};
@@ -41,13 +43,14 @@ use rustc_target::abi::{FieldIdx, FIRST_VARIANT};
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::query::type_op::custom::scrape_region_constraints;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::query::type_op::custom::CustomTypeOp;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::query::type_op::{TypeOp, TypeOpOutput};
-use rustc_trait_selection::traits::query::Fallible;
+
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::PredicateObligation;
 
 use rustc_mir_dataflow::impls::MaybeInitializedPlaces;
 use rustc_mir_dataflow::move_paths::MoveData;
 use rustc_mir_dataflow::ResultsCursor;
 
+use crate::renumber::RegionCtxt;
 use crate::session_diagnostics::MoveUnsized;
 use crate::{
     borrow_set::BorrowSet,
@@ -71,7 +74,7 @@ macro_rules! span_mirbug {
         $crate::type_check::mirbug(
             $context.tcx(),
             $context.last_span,
-            &format!(
+            format!(
                 "broken MIR in {:?} ({:?}): {}",
                 $context.body().source.def_id(),
                 $elem,
@@ -136,7 +139,7 @@ pub(crate) fn type_check<'mir, 'tcx>(
     upvars: &[Upvar<'tcx>],
     use_polonius: bool,
 ) -> MirTypeckResults<'tcx> {
-    let implicit_region_bound = infcx.tcx.mk_re_var(universal_regions.fr_fn_body);
+    let implicit_region_bound = ty::Region::new_var(infcx.tcx, universal_regions.fr_fn_body);
     let mut constraints = MirTypeckRegionConstraints {
         placeholder_indices: PlaceholderIndices::default(),
         placeholder_index_to_region: IndexVec::default(),
@@ -183,17 +186,16 @@ pub(crate) fn type_check<'mir, 'tcx>(
         &mut borrowck_context,
     );
 
-    let errors_reported = {
-        let mut verifier = TypeVerifier::new(&mut checker, promoted);
-        verifier.visit_body(&body);
-        verifier.errors_reported
-    };
-
-    if !errors_reported {
-        // if verifier failed, don't do further checks to avoid ICEs
-        checker.typeck_mir(body);
+    // FIXME(-Ztrait-solver=next): A bit dubious that we're only registering
+    // predefined opaques in the typeck root.
+    if infcx.tcx.trait_solver_next() && !infcx.tcx.is_typeck_child(body.source.def_id()) {
+        checker.register_predefined_opaques_in_new_solver();
     }
 
+    let mut verifier = TypeVerifier::new(&mut checker, promoted);
+    verifier.visit_body(&body);
+
+    checker.typeck_mir(body);
     checker.equate_inputs_and_outputs(&body, universal_regions, &normalized_inputs_and_output);
     checker.check_signature_annotation(&body);
 
@@ -213,24 +215,22 @@ pub(crate) fn type_check<'mir, 'tcx>(
     let opaque_type_values = opaque_type_values
         .into_iter()
         .map(|(opaque_type_key, decl)| {
-            checker
-                .fully_perform_op(
-                    Locations::All(body.span),
-                    ConstraintCategory::OpaqueType,
-                    CustomTypeOp::new(
-                        |infcx| {
-                            infcx.register_member_constraints(
-                                param_env,
-                                opaque_type_key,
-                                decl.hidden_type.ty,
-                                decl.hidden_type.span,
-                            );
-                            Ok(InferOk { value: (), obligations: vec![] })
-                        },
-                        || "opaque_type_map".to_string(),
-                    ),
-                )
-                .unwrap();
+            let _: Result<_, ErrorGuaranteed> = checker.fully_perform_op(
+                Locations::All(body.span),
+                ConstraintCategory::OpaqueType,
+                CustomTypeOp::new(
+                    |ocx| {
+                        ocx.infcx.register_member_constraints(
+                            param_env,
+                            opaque_type_key,
+                            decl.hidden_type.ty,
+                            decl.hidden_type.span,
+                        );
+                        Ok(())
+                    },
+                    "opaque_type_map",
+                ),
+            );
             let mut hidden_type = infcx.resolve_vars_if_possible(decl.hidden_type);
             trace!("finalized opaque type {:?} to {:#?}", opaque_type_key, hidden_type.ty.kind());
             if hidden_type.has_non_region_infer() {
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ fn translate_outlives_facts(typeck: &mut TypeChecker<'_, '_>) {
 }
 
 #[track_caller]
-fn mirbug(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, span: Span, msg: &str) {
+fn mirbug(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, span: Span, msg: String) {
     // We sometimes see MIR failures (notably predicate failures) due to
     // the fact that we check rvalue sized predicates here. So use `delay_span_bug`
     // to avoid reporting bugs in those cases.
@@ -294,7 +294,6 @@ struct TypeVerifier<'a, 'b, 'tcx> {
     cx: &'a mut TypeChecker<'b, 'tcx>,
     promoted: &'b IndexSlice<Promoted, Body<'tcx>>,
     last_span: Span,
-    errors_reported: bool,
 }
 
 impl<'a, 'b, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for TypeVerifier<'a, 'b, 'tcx> {
@@ -383,13 +382,11 @@ impl<'a, 'b, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for TypeVerifier<'a, 'b, 'tcx> {
                         };
                     };
 
-                    if !self.errors_reported {
-                        let promoted_body = &self.promoted[promoted];
-                        self.sanitize_promoted(promoted_body, location);
+                    let promoted_body = &self.promoted[promoted];
+                    self.sanitize_promoted(promoted_body, location);
 
-                        let promoted_ty = promoted_body.return_ty();
-                        check_err(self, promoted_body, ty, promoted_ty);
-                    }
+                    let promoted_ty = promoted_body.return_ty();
+                    check_err(self, promoted_body, ty, promoted_ty);
                 } else {
                     self.cx.ascribe_user_type(
                         constant.literal.ty(),
@@ -483,9 +480,6 @@ impl<'a, 'b, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for TypeVerifier<'a, 'b, 'tcx> {
         for local_decl in &body.local_decls {
             self.sanitize_type(local_decl, local_decl.ty);
         }
-        if self.errors_reported {
-            return;
-        }
         self.super_body(body);
     }
 }
@@ -495,7 +489,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b, 'tcx> TypeVerifier<'a, 'b, 'tcx> {
         cx: &'a mut TypeChecker<'b, 'tcx>,
         promoted: &'b IndexSlice<Promoted, Body<'tcx>>,
     ) -> Self {
-        TypeVerifier { promoted, last_span: cx.body.span, cx, errors_reported: false }
+        TypeVerifier { promoted, last_span: cx.body.span, cx }
     }
 
     fn body(&self) -> &Body<'tcx> {
@@ -529,7 +523,6 @@ impl<'a, 'b, 'tcx> TypeVerifier<'a, 'b, 'tcx> {
         for elem in place.projection.iter() {
             if place_ty.variant_index.is_none() {
                 if let Err(guar) = place_ty.ty.error_reported() {
-                    assert!(self.errors_reported);
                     return PlaceTy::from_ty(self.tcx().ty_error(guar));
                 }
             }
@@ -593,10 +586,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b, 'tcx> TypeVerifier<'a, 'b, 'tcx> {
 
         self.visit_body(&promoted_body);
 
-        if !self.errors_reported {
-            // if verifier failed, don't do further checks to avoid ICEs
-            self.cx.typeck_mir(promoted_body);
-        }
+        self.cx.typeck_mir(promoted_body);
 
         self.cx.body = parent_body;
         // Merge the outlives constraints back in, at the given location.
@@ -762,7 +752,6 @@ impl<'a, 'b, 'tcx> TypeVerifier<'a, 'b, 'tcx> {
     }
 
     fn error(&mut self) -> Ty<'tcx> {
-        self.errors_reported = true;
         self.tcx().ty_error_misc()
     }
 
@@ -774,10 +763,10 @@ impl<'a, 'b, 'tcx> TypeVerifier<'a, 'b, 'tcx> {
             PlaceContext::MutatingUse(_) => ty::Invariant,
             PlaceContext::NonUse(StorageDead | StorageLive | VarDebugInfo) => ty::Invariant,
             PlaceContext::NonMutatingUse(
-                Inspect | Copy | Move | PlaceMention | SharedBorrow | ShallowBorrow | UniqueBorrow
-                | AddressOf | Projection,
+                Inspect | Copy | Move | PlaceMention | SharedBorrow | ShallowBorrow | AddressOf
+                | Projection,
             ) => ty::Covariant,
-            PlaceContext::NonUse(AscribeUserTy) => ty::Covariant,
+            PlaceContext::NonUse(AscribeUserTy(variance)) => variance,
         }
     }
 
@@ -1041,6 +1030,54 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeChecker<'a, 'tcx> {
         checker
     }
 
+    pub(super) fn register_predefined_opaques_in_new_solver(&mut self) {
+        // OK to use the identity substitutions for each opaque type key, since
+        // we remap opaques from HIR typeck back to their definition params.
+        let opaques: Vec<_> = self
+            .infcx
+            .tcx
+            .typeck(self.body.source.def_id().expect_local())
+            .concrete_opaque_types
+            .iter()
+            .map(|(k, v)| (*k, *v))
+            .collect();
+
+        let renumbered_opaques = self.infcx.tcx.fold_regions(opaques, |_, _| {
+            self.infcx.next_nll_region_var(
+                NllRegionVariableOrigin::Existential { from_forall: false },
+                || RegionCtxt::Unknown,
+            )
+        });
+
+        let param_env = self.param_env;
+        let result = self.fully_perform_op(
+            Locations::All(self.body.span),
+            ConstraintCategory::OpaqueType,
+            CustomTypeOp::new(
+                |ocx| {
+                    for (key, hidden_ty) in renumbered_opaques {
+                        ocx.register_infer_ok_obligations(
+                            ocx.infcx.register_hidden_type_in_new_solver(
+                                key,
+                                param_env,
+                                hidden_ty.ty,
+                            )?,
+                        );
+                    }
+                    Ok(())
+                },
+                "register pre-defined opaques",
+            ),
+        );
+
+        if result.is_err() {
+            self.infcx.tcx.sess.delay_span_bug(
+                self.body.span,
+                "failed re-defining predefined opaques in mir typeck",
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
     fn body(&self) -> &Body<'tcx> {
         self.body
     }
@@ -1091,7 +1128,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeChecker<'a, 'tcx> {
         sup: Ty<'tcx>,
         locations: Locations,
         category: ConstraintCategory<'tcx>,
-    ) -> Fallible<()> {
+    ) -> Result<(), NoSolution> {
         // Use this order of parameters because the sup type is usually the
         // "expected" type in diagnostics.
         self.relate_types(sup, ty::Variance::Contravariant, sub, locations, category)
@@ -1104,7 +1141,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeChecker<'a, 'tcx> {
         found: Ty<'tcx>,
         locations: Locations,
         category: ConstraintCategory<'tcx>,
-    ) -> Fallible<()> {
+    ) -> Result<(), NoSolution> {
         self.relate_types(expected, ty::Variance::Invariant, found, locations, category)
     }
 
@@ -1116,7 +1153,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeChecker<'a, 'tcx> {
         user_ty: &UserTypeProjection,
         locations: Locations,
         category: ConstraintCategory<'tcx>,
-    ) -> Fallible<()> {
+    ) -> Result<(), NoSolution> {
         let annotated_type = self.user_type_annotations[user_ty.base].inferred_ty;
         trace!(?annotated_type);
         let mut curr_projected_ty = PlaceTy::from_ty(annotated_type);
@@ -2712,10 +2749,20 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeOp<'tcx> for InstantiateOpaqueType<'tcx> {
     /// constraints in our `InferCtxt`
     type ErrorInfo = InstantiateOpaqueType<'tcx>;
 
-    fn fully_perform(mut self, infcx: &InferCtxt<'tcx>) -> Fallible<TypeOpOutput<'tcx, Self>> {
-        let (mut output, region_constraints) = scrape_region_constraints(infcx, || {
-            Ok(InferOk { value: (), obligations: self.obligations.clone() })
-        })?;
+    fn fully_perform(
+        mut self,
+        infcx: &InferCtxt<'tcx>,
+        span: Span,
+    ) -> Result<TypeOpOutput<'tcx, Self>, ErrorGuaranteed> {
+        let (mut output, region_constraints) = scrape_region_constraints(
+            infcx,
+            |ocx| {
+                ocx.register_obligations(self.obligations.clone());
+                Ok(())
+            },
+            "InstantiateOpaqueType",
+            span,
+        )?;
         self.region_constraints = Some(region_constraints);
         output.error_info = Some(self);
         Ok(output)
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/relate_tys.rs b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/relate_tys.rs
index 7158c62b548..8c4bfb2c6e0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/relate_tys.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/relate_tys.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
+use rustc_errors::ErrorGuaranteed;
 use rustc_infer::infer::nll_relate::{TypeRelating, TypeRelatingDelegate};
 use rustc_infer::infer::NllRegionVariableOrigin;
 use rustc_infer::traits::PredicateObligations;
 use rustc_middle::mir::ConstraintCategory;
+use rustc_middle::traits::query::NoSolution;
 use rustc_middle::ty::relate::TypeRelation;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty};
 use rustc_span::symbol::sym;
 use rustc_span::{Span, Symbol};
-use rustc_trait_selection::traits::query::Fallible;
 
 use crate::constraints::OutlivesConstraint;
 use crate::diagnostics::UniverseInfo;
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeChecker<'a, 'tcx> {
         b: Ty<'tcx>,
         locations: Locations,
         category: ConstraintCategory<'tcx>,
-    ) -> Fallible<()> {
+    ) -> Result<(), NoSolution> {
         TypeRelating::new(
             self.infcx,
             NllTypeRelatingDelegate::new(self, locations, category, UniverseInfo::relate(a, b)),
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeChecker<'a, 'tcx> {
         b: ty::SubstsRef<'tcx>,
         locations: Locations,
         category: ConstraintCategory<'tcx>,
-    ) -> Fallible<()> {
+    ) -> Result<(), NoSolution> {
         TypeRelating::new(
             self.infcx,
             NllTypeRelatingDelegate::new(self, locations, category, UniverseInfo::other()),
@@ -185,17 +186,15 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeRelatingDelegate<'tcx> for NllTypeRelatingDelegate<'_, '_, 'tcx>
     }
 
     fn register_obligations(&mut self, obligations: PredicateObligations<'tcx>) {
-        self.type_checker
-            .fully_perform_op(
-                self.locations,
-                self.category,
-                InstantiateOpaqueType {
-                    obligations,
-                    // These fields are filled in during execution of the operation
-                    base_universe: None,
-                    region_constraints: None,
-                },
-            )
-            .unwrap();
+        let _: Result<_, ErrorGuaranteed> = self.type_checker.fully_perform_op(
+            self.locations,
+            self.category,
+            InstantiateOpaqueType {
+                obligations,
+                // These fields are filled in during execution of the operation
+                base_universe: None,
+                region_constraints: None,
+            },
+        );
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/universal_regions.rs b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/universal_regions.rs
index 56f078f2da8..c871703429a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/universal_regions.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/universal_regions.rs
@@ -500,7 +500,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> UniversalRegionsBuilder<'cx, 'tcx> {
                     .next_nll_region_var(FR, || RegionCtxt::Free(Symbol::intern("c-variadic")))
                     .as_var();
 
-                let region = self.infcx.tcx.mk_re_var(reg_vid);
+                let region = ty::Region::new_var(self.infcx.tcx, reg_vid);
                 let va_list_ty =
                     self.infcx.tcx.type_of(va_list_did).subst(self.infcx.tcx, &[region.into()]);
 
@@ -660,7 +660,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> UniversalRegionsBuilder<'cx, 'tcx> {
                     var: ty::BoundVar::from_usize(bound_vars.len() - 1),
                     kind: ty::BrEnv,
                 };
-                let env_region = tcx.mk_re_late_bound(ty::INNERMOST, br);
+                let env_region = ty::Region::new_late_bound(tcx, ty::INNERMOST, br);
                 let closure_ty = tcx.closure_env_ty(def_id, substs, env_region).unwrap();
 
                 // The "inputs" of the closure in the
@@ -778,7 +778,8 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> InferCtxtExt<'tcx> for BorrowckInferCtxt<'cx, 'tcx> {
     {
         let (value, _map) = self.tcx.replace_late_bound_regions(value, |br| {
             debug!(?br);
-            let liberated_region = self.tcx.mk_re_free(all_outlive_scope.to_def_id(), br.kind);
+            let liberated_region =
+                ty::Region::new_free(self.tcx, all_outlive_scope.to_def_id(), br.kind);
             let region_vid = {
                 let name = match br.kind.get_name() {
                     Some(name) => name,
@@ -889,7 +890,7 @@ impl<'tcx> UniversalRegionIndices<'tcx> {
     where
         T: TypeFoldable<TyCtxt<'tcx>>,
     {
-        tcx.fold_regions(value, |region, _| tcx.mk_re_var(self.to_region_vid(region)))
+        tcx.fold_regions(value, |region, _| ty::Region::new_var(tcx, self.to_region_vid(region)))
     }
 }
 
@@ -929,7 +930,7 @@ fn for_each_late_bound_region_in_item<'tcx>(
 
     for bound_var in tcx.late_bound_vars(tcx.hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(mir_def_id)) {
         let ty::BoundVariableKind::Region(bound_region) = bound_var else { continue; };
-        let liberated_region = tcx.mk_re_free(mir_def_id.to_def_id(), bound_region);
+        let liberated_region = ty::Region::new_free(tcx, mir_def_id.to_def_id(), bound_region);
         f(liberated_region);
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/messages.ftl
index 3b458b1d30b..f00cd39cbc8 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/messages.ftl
@@ -1,10 +1,50 @@
-builtin_macros_requires_cfg_pattern =
-    macro requires a cfg-pattern as an argument
-    .label = cfg-pattern required
+builtin_macros_alloc_error_must_be_fn = alloc_error_handler must be a function
 
-builtin_macros_expected_one_cfg_pattern = expected 1 cfg-pattern
+builtin_macros_asm_clobber_abi = clobber_abi
+builtin_macros_asm_clobber_no_reg = asm with `clobber_abi` must specify explicit registers for outputs
+builtin_macros_asm_clobber_outputs = generic outputs
 
-builtin_macros_alloc_error_must_be_fn = alloc_error_handler must be a function
+builtin_macros_asm_duplicate_arg = duplicate argument named `{$name}`
+    .label = previously here
+    .arg = duplicate argument
+
+builtin_macros_asm_expected_comma = expected token: `,`
+    .label = expected `,`
+
+builtin_macros_asm_expected_other = expected operand, {$is_global_asm ->
+    [true] options
+    *[false] clobber_abi, options
+    }, or additional template string
+
+builtin_macros_asm_explicit_register_name = explicit register arguments cannot have names
+
+builtin_macros_asm_modifier_invalid = asm template modifier must be a single character
+
+builtin_macros_asm_mutually_exclusive = the `{$opt1}` and `{$opt2}` options are mutually exclusive
+
+builtin_macros_asm_noreturn = asm outputs are not allowed with the `noreturn` option
+
+builtin_macros_asm_opt_already_provided = the `{$symbol}` option was already provided
+    .label = this option was already provided
+    .suggestion = remove this option
+
+builtin_macros_asm_pos_after = positional arguments cannot follow named arguments or explicit register arguments
+    .pos = positional argument
+    .named = named argument
+    .explicit = explicit register argument
+
+builtin_macros_asm_pure_combine = the `pure` option must be combined with either `nomem` or `readonly`
+
+builtin_macros_asm_pure_no_output = asm with the `pure` option must have at least one output
+
+builtin_macros_asm_requires_template = requires at least a template string argument
+
+builtin_macros_asm_sym_no_path = expected a path for argument to `sym`
+
+builtin_macros_asm_underscore_input = _ cannot be used for input operands
+
+builtin_macros_assert_missing_comma = unexpected string literal
+    .suggestion = try adding a comma
 
 builtin_macros_assert_requires_boolean = macro requires a boolean expression as an argument
     .label = boolean expression required
@@ -12,51 +52,50 @@ builtin_macros_assert_requires_boolean = macro requires a boolean expression as
 builtin_macros_assert_requires_expression = macro requires an expression as an argument
     .suggestion = try removing semicolon
 
-builtin_macros_assert_missing_comma = unexpected string literal
-    .suggestion = try adding a comma
+builtin_macros_bad_derive_target = `derive` may only be applied to `struct`s, `enum`s and `union`s
+    .label = not applicable here
+    .label2 = not a `struct`, `enum` or `union`
+
+builtin_macros_cannot_derive_union = this trait cannot be derived for unions
 
-builtin_macros_cfg_accessible_unspecified_path = `cfg_accessible` path is not specified
-builtin_macros_cfg_accessible_multiple_paths = multiple `cfg_accessible` paths are specified
-builtin_macros_cfg_accessible_literal_path = `cfg_accessible` path cannot be a literal
 builtin_macros_cfg_accessible_has_args = `cfg_accessible` path cannot accept arguments
 
 builtin_macros_cfg_accessible_indeterminate = cannot determine whether the path is accessible or not
 
-builtin_macros_concat_bytestr = cannot concatenate a byte string literal
-
-builtin_macros_concat_missing_literal = expected a literal
-    .note = only literals (like `"foo"`, `-42` and `3.14`) can be passed to `concat!()`
+builtin_macros_cfg_accessible_literal_path = `cfg_accessible` path cannot be a literal
+builtin_macros_cfg_accessible_multiple_paths = multiple `cfg_accessible` paths are specified
+builtin_macros_cfg_accessible_unspecified_path = `cfg_accessible` path is not specified
+builtin_macros_concat_bytes_array = cannot concatenate doubly nested array
+    .note = byte strings are treated as arrays of bytes
+    .help = try flattening the array
 
-builtin_macros_concat_bytes_missing_literal = expected a byte literal
-    .note = only byte literals (like `b"foo"`, `b's'` and `[3, 4, 5]`) can be passed to `concat_bytes!()`
+builtin_macros_concat_bytes_bad_repeat = repeat count is not a positive number
 
 builtin_macros_concat_bytes_invalid = cannot concatenate {$lit_kind} literals
     .byte_char = try using a byte character
     .byte_str = try using a byte string
     .number_array = try wrapping the number in an array
 
-builtin_macros_concat_bytes_oob = numeric literal is out of bounds
+builtin_macros_concat_bytes_missing_literal = expected a byte literal
+    .note = only byte literals (like `b"foo"`, `b's'` and `[3, 4, 5]`) can be passed to `concat_bytes!()`
 
 builtin_macros_concat_bytes_non_u8 = numeric literal is not a `u8`
 
-builtin_macros_concat_bytes_array = cannot concatenate doubly nested array
-    .note = byte strings are treated as arrays of bytes
-    .help = try flattening the array
+builtin_macros_concat_bytes_oob = numeric literal is out of bounds
 
-builtin_macros_concat_bytes_bad_repeat = repeat count is not a positive number
+builtin_macros_concat_bytestr = cannot concatenate a byte string literal
+
+builtin_macros_concat_idents_ident_args = `concat_idents!()` requires ident args
 
 builtin_macros_concat_idents_missing_args = `concat_idents!()` takes 1 or more arguments
 builtin_macros_concat_idents_missing_comma = `concat_idents!()` expecting comma
-builtin_macros_concat_idents_ident_args = `concat_idents!()` requires ident args
+builtin_macros_concat_missing_literal = expected a literal
+    .note = only literals (like `"foo"`, `-42` and `3.14`) can be passed to `concat!()`
 
-builtin_macros_bad_derive_target = `derive` may only be applied to `struct`s, `enum`s and `union`s
-    .label = not applicable here
-    .label2 = not a `struct`, `enum` or `union`
+builtin_macros_default_arg = `#[default]` attribute does not accept a value
+    .suggestion = try using `#[default]`
 
-builtin_macros_unexpected_lit = expected path to a trait, found literal
-    .label = not a trait
-    .str_lit = try using `#[derive({$sym})]`
-    .other = for example, write `#[derive(Debug)]` for `Debug`
+builtin_macros_derive_macro_call = `derive` cannot be used on items with type macros
 
 builtin_macros_derive_path_args_list = traits in `#[derive(...)]` don't accept arguments
     .suggestion = remove the arguments
@@ -64,66 +103,38 @@ builtin_macros_derive_path_args_list = traits in `#[derive(...)]` don't accept a
 builtin_macros_derive_path_args_value = traits in `#[derive(...)]` don't accept values
     .suggestion = remove the value
 
-builtin_macros_derive_macro_call = `derive` cannot be used on items with type macros
-
-builtin_macros_cannot_derive_union = this trait cannot be derived for unions
-
-builtin_macros_no_default_variant = no default declared
-    .help = make a unit variant default by placing `#[default]` above it
-    .suggestion = make `{$ident}` default
-
-builtin_macros_multiple_defaults = multiple declared defaults
-    .label = first default
-    .additional = additional default
-    .note = only one variant can be default
-    .suggestion = make `{$ident}` default
-
-builtin_macros_non_unit_default = the `#[default]` attribute may only be used on unit enum variants
-    .help = consider a manual implementation of `Default`
-
-builtin_macros_non_exhaustive_default = default variant must be exhaustive
-    .label = declared `#[non_exhaustive]` here
-    .help = consider a manual implementation of `Default`
-
-builtin_macros_multiple_default_attrs = multiple `#[default]` attributes
-    .note = only one `#[default]` attribute is needed
-    .label = `#[default]` used here
-    .label_again = `#[default]` used again here
-    .help = try removing {$only_one ->
-    [true] this
-    *[false] these
-    }
-
-builtin_macros_default_arg = `#[default]` attribute does not accept a value
-    .suggestion = try using `#[default]`
-
-builtin_macros_env_takes_args = `env!()` takes 1 or 2 arguments
-
 builtin_macros_env_not_defined = environment variable `{$var}` not defined at compile time
     .cargo = Cargo sets build script variables at run time. Use `std::env::var("{$var}")` instead
     .other = use `std::env::var("{$var}")` to read the variable at run time
 
-builtin_macros_format_requires_string = requires at least a format string argument
+builtin_macros_env_takes_args = `env!()` takes 1 or 2 arguments
+
+builtin_macros_expected_one_cfg_pattern = expected 1 cfg-pattern
 
 builtin_macros_format_duplicate_arg = duplicate argument named `{$ident}`
     .label1 = previously here
     .label2 = duplicate argument
 
+builtin_macros_format_no_arg_named = there is no argument named `{$name}`
+    .note = did you intend to capture a variable `{$name}` from the surrounding scope?
+    .note2 = to avoid ambiguity, `format_args!` cannot capture variables when the format string is expanded from a macro
+
+builtin_macros_format_pos_mismatch = {$n} positional {$n ->
+    [one] argument
+    *[more] arguments
+    } in format string, but {$desc}
+
 builtin_macros_format_positional_after_named = positional arguments cannot follow named arguments
     .label = positional arguments must be before named arguments
     .named_args = named argument
 
+builtin_macros_format_requires_string = requires at least a format string argument
+
 builtin_macros_format_string_invalid = invalid format string: {$desc}
     .label = {$label1} in format string
     .note = {$note}
     .second_label = {$label}
 
-builtin_macros_sugg = consider using a positional formatting argument instead
-
-builtin_macros_format_no_arg_named = there is no argument named `{$name}`
-    .note = did you intend to capture a variable `{$name}` from the surrounding scope?
-    .note2 = to avoid ambiguity, `format_args!` cannot capture variables when the format string is expanded from a macro
-
 builtin_macros_format_unknown_trait = unknown format trait `{$ty}`
     .note = the only appropriate formatting traits are:
                                             - ``, which uses the `Display` trait
@@ -145,60 +156,49 @@ builtin_macros_format_unused_arg = {$named ->
 builtin_macros_format_unused_args = multiple unused formatting arguments
     .label = multiple missing formatting specifiers
 
-builtin_macros_format_pos_mismatch = {$n} positional {$n ->
-    [one] argument
-    *[more] arguments
-    } in format string, but {$desc}
-
-builtin_macros_test_case_non_item = `#[test_case]` attribute is only allowed on items
-
-builtin_macros_test_bad_fn = {$kind} functions cannot be used for tests
-    .label = `{$kind}` because of this
-
-builtin_macros_asm_explicit_register_name = explicit register arguments cannot have names
-
-builtin_macros_asm_mutually_exclusive = the `{$opt1}` and `{$opt2}` options are mutually exclusive
-
-builtin_macros_asm_pure_combine = the `pure` option must be combined with either `nomem` or `readonly`
-
-builtin_macros_asm_pure_no_output = asm with the `pure` option must have at least one output
-
-builtin_macros_asm_modifier_invalid = asm template modifier must be a single character
-
-builtin_macros_asm_requires_template = requires at least a template string argument
-
-builtin_macros_asm_expected_comma = expected token: `,`
-    .label = expected `,`
+builtin_macros_global_asm_clobber_abi = `clobber_abi` cannot be used with `global_asm!`
 
-builtin_macros_asm_underscore_input = _ cannot be used for input operands
+builtin_macros_multiple_default_attrs = multiple `#[default]` attributes
+    .note = only one `#[default]` attribute is needed
+    .label = `#[default]` used here
+    .label_again = `#[default]` used again here
+    .help = try removing {$only_one ->
+    [true] this
+    *[false] these
+    }
 
-builtin_macros_asm_sym_no_path = expected a path for argument to `sym`
+builtin_macros_multiple_defaults = multiple declared defaults
+    .label = first default
+    .additional = additional default
+    .note = only one variant can be default
+    .suggestion = make `{$ident}` default
 
-builtin_macros_asm_expected_other = expected operand, {$is_global_asm ->
-    [true] options
-    *[false] clobber_abi, options
-    }, or additional template string
+builtin_macros_no_default_variant = no default declared
+    .help = make a unit variant default by placing `#[default]` above it
+    .suggestion = make `{$ident}` default
 
-builtin_macros_asm_duplicate_arg = duplicate argument named `{$name}`
-    .label = previously here
-    .arg = duplicate argument
+builtin_macros_non_exhaustive_default = default variant must be exhaustive
+    .label = declared `#[non_exhaustive]` here
+    .help = consider a manual implementation of `Default`
 
-builtin_macros_asm_pos_after = positional arguments cannot follow named arguments or explicit register arguments
-    .pos = positional argument
-    .named = named argument
-    .explicit = explicit register argument
+builtin_macros_non_unit_default = the `#[default]` attribute may only be used on unit enum variants
+    .help = consider a manual implementation of `Default`
 
-builtin_macros_asm_noreturn = asm outputs are not allowed with the `noreturn` option
+builtin_macros_requires_cfg_pattern =
+    macro requires a cfg-pattern as an argument
+    .label = cfg-pattern required
 
-builtin_macros_global_asm_clobber_abi = `clobber_abi` cannot be used with `global_asm!`
+builtin_macros_sugg = consider using a positional formatting argument instead
 
-builtin_macros_asm_clobber_no_reg = asm with `clobber_abi` must specify explicit registers for outputs
-builtin_macros_asm_clobber_abi = clobber_abi
-builtin_macros_asm_clobber_outputs = generic outputs
+builtin_macros_test_bad_fn = {$kind} functions cannot be used for tests
+    .label = `{$kind}` because of this
 
-builtin_macros_asm_opt_already_provided = the `{$symbol}` option was already provided
-    .label = this option was already provided
-    .suggestion = remove this option
+builtin_macros_test_case_non_item = `#[test_case]` attribute is only allowed on items
 
 builtin_macros_test_runner_invalid = `test_runner` argument must be a path
 builtin_macros_test_runner_nargs = `#![test_runner(..)]` accepts exactly 1 argument
+
+builtin_macros_unexpected_lit = expected path to a trait, found literal
+    .label = not a trait
+    .str_lit = try using `#[derive({$sym})]`
+    .other = for example, write `#[derive(Debug)]` for `Debug`
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/asm.rs b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/asm.rs
index bb059a120df..5217e317adf 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/asm.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/asm.rs
@@ -550,7 +550,7 @@ fn expand_preparsed_asm(ecx: &mut ExtCtxt<'_>, args: AsmArgs) -> Option<ast::Inl
         if !parser.errors.is_empty() {
             let err = parser.errors.remove(0);
             let err_sp = template_span.from_inner(InnerSpan::new(err.span.start, err.span.end));
-            let msg = &format!("invalid asm template string: {}", err.description);
+            let msg = format!("invalid asm template string: {}", err.description);
             let mut e = ecx.struct_span_err(err_sp, msg);
             e.span_label(err_sp, err.label + " in asm template string");
             if let Some(note) = err.note {
@@ -585,7 +585,7 @@ fn expand_preparsed_asm(ecx: &mut ExtCtxt<'_>, args: AsmArgs) -> Option<ast::Inl
                                 || args.reg_args.contains(idx)
                             {
                                 let msg = format!("invalid reference to argument at index {}", idx);
-                                let mut err = ecx.struct_span_err(span, &msg);
+                                let mut err = ecx.struct_span_err(span, msg);
                                 err.span_label(span, "from here");
 
                                 let positional_args = args.operands.len()
@@ -638,7 +638,7 @@ fn expand_preparsed_asm(ecx: &mut ExtCtxt<'_>, args: AsmArgs) -> Option<ast::Inl
                                     ecx.struct_span_err(
                                         template_span
                                             .from_inner(InnerSpan::new(span.start, span.end)),
-                                        &msg,
+                                        msg,
                                     )
                                     .emit();
                                     None
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/assert/context.rs b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/assert/context.rs
index ea830a0ce60..b619e80e15f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/assert/context.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/assert/context.rs
@@ -233,10 +233,19 @@ impl<'cx, 'a> Context<'cx, 'a> {
             ExprKind::Cast(local_expr, _) => {
                 self.manage_cond_expr(local_expr);
             }
+            ExprKind::If(local_expr, _, _) => {
+                self.manage_cond_expr(local_expr);
+            }
             ExprKind::Index(prefix, suffix) => {
                 self.manage_cond_expr(prefix);
                 self.manage_cond_expr(suffix);
             }
+            ExprKind::Let(_, local_expr, _) => {
+                self.manage_cond_expr(local_expr);
+            }
+            ExprKind::Match(local_expr, _) => {
+                self.manage_cond_expr(local_expr);
+            }
             ExprKind::MethodCall(call) => {
                 for arg in &mut call.args {
                     self.manage_cond_expr(arg);
@@ -295,17 +304,14 @@ impl<'cx, 'a> Context<'cx, 'a> {
             | ExprKind::Continue(_)
             | ExprKind::Err
             | ExprKind::Field(_, _)
-            | ExprKind::FormatArgs(_)
             | ExprKind::ForLoop(_, _, _, _)
-            | ExprKind::If(_, _, _)
+            | ExprKind::FormatArgs(_)
             | ExprKind::IncludedBytes(..)
             | ExprKind::InlineAsm(_)
-            | ExprKind::OffsetOf(_, _)
-            | ExprKind::Let(_, _, _)
             | ExprKind::Lit(_)
             | ExprKind::Loop(_, _, _)
             | ExprKind::MacCall(_)
-            | ExprKind::Match(_, _)
+            | ExprKind::OffsetOf(_, _)
             | ExprKind::Path(_, _)
             | ExprKind::Ret(_)
             | ExprKind::Try(_)
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/cfg_eval.rs b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/cfg_eval.rs
index 750f1fe121f..49401e9ca94 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/cfg_eval.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/cfg_eval.rs
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ impl<'ast> visit::Visitor<'ast> for CfgFinder {
         self.has_cfg_or_cfg_attr = self.has_cfg_or_cfg_attr
             || attr
                 .ident()
-                .map_or(false, |ident| ident.name == sym::cfg || ident.name == sym::cfg_attr);
+                .is_some_and(|ident| ident.name == sym::cfg || ident.name == sym::cfg_attr);
     }
 }
 
@@ -166,7 +166,9 @@ impl CfgEval<'_, '_> {
                     ))
                 },
                 Annotatable::Stmt(_) => |parser| {
-                    Ok(Annotatable::Stmt(P(parser.parse_stmt(ForceCollect::Yes)?.unwrap())))
+                    Ok(Annotatable::Stmt(P(parser
+                        .parse_stmt_without_recovery(false, ForceCollect::Yes)?
+                        .unwrap())))
                 },
                 Annotatable::Expr(_) => {
                     |parser| Ok(Annotatable::Expr(parser.parse_expr_force_collect()?))
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/compile_error.rs b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/compile_error.rs
index aeb3bb80045..5efc5a4e3ee 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/compile_error.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/compile_error.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ pub fn expand_compile_error<'cx>(
         reason = "diagnostic message is specified by user"
     )]
     #[expect(rustc::untranslatable_diagnostic, reason = "diagnostic message is specified by user")]
-    cx.span_err(sp, var.as_str());
+    cx.span_err(sp, var.to_string());
 
     DummyResult::any(sp)
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/concat_idents.rs b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/concat_idents.rs
index 8c737f04323..ee56d45c9c8 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/concat_idents.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/concat_idents.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ pub fn expand_concat_idents<'cx>(
     }
 
     let mut res_str = String::new();
-    for (i, e) in tts.into_trees().enumerate() {
+    for (i, e) in tts.trees().enumerate() {
         if i & 1 == 1 {
             match e {
                 TokenTree::Token(Token { kind: token::Comma, .. }, _) => {}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/bounds.rs b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/bounds.rs
index 0481a118906..2c8e6f99c67 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/bounds.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/bounds.rs
@@ -27,3 +27,26 @@ pub fn expand_deriving_copy(
 
     trait_def.expand(cx, mitem, item, push);
 }
+
+pub fn expand_deriving_const_param_ty(
+    cx: &mut ExtCtxt<'_>,
+    span: Span,
+    mitem: &MetaItem,
+    item: &Annotatable,
+    push: &mut dyn FnMut(Annotatable),
+    is_const: bool,
+) {
+    let trait_def = TraitDef {
+        span,
+        path: path_std!(marker::ConstParamTy),
+        skip_path_as_bound: false,
+        needs_copy_as_bound_if_packed: false,
+        additional_bounds: Vec::new(),
+        supports_unions: false,
+        methods: Vec::new(),
+        associated_types: Vec::new(),
+        is_const,
+    };
+
+    trait_def.expand(cx, mitem, item, push);
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/clone.rs b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/clone.rs
index dfee2d3ce77..9ba98d0a5d1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/clone.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/clone.rs
@@ -68,7 +68,6 @@ pub fn expand_deriving_clone(
         _ => cx.span_bug(span, "`#[derive(Clone)]` on trait item or impl item"),
     }
 
-    let attrs = thin_vec![cx.attr_word(sym::inline, span)];
     let trait_def = TraitDef {
         span,
         path: path_std!(clone::Clone),
@@ -82,7 +81,7 @@ pub fn expand_deriving_clone(
             explicit_self: true,
             nonself_args: Vec::new(),
             ret_ty: Self_,
-            attributes: attrs,
+            attributes: thin_vec![cx.attr_word(sym::inline, span)],
             fieldless_variants_strategy: FieldlessVariantsStrategy::Default,
             combine_substructure: substructure,
         }],
@@ -145,7 +144,7 @@ fn cs_clone_simple(
             }
             _ => cx.span_bug(
                 trait_span,
-                &format!("unexpected substructure in simple `derive({})`", name),
+                format!("unexpected substructure in simple `derive({})`", name),
             ),
         }
     }
@@ -179,10 +178,10 @@ fn cs_clone(
             vdata = &variant.data;
         }
         EnumTag(..) | AllFieldlessEnum(..) => {
-            cx.span_bug(trait_span, &format!("enum tags in `derive({})`", name,))
+            cx.span_bug(trait_span, format!("enum tags in `derive({})`", name,))
         }
         StaticEnum(..) | StaticStruct(..) => {
-            cx.span_bug(trait_span, &format!("associated function in `derive({})`", name))
+            cx.span_bug(trait_span, format!("associated function in `derive({})`", name))
         }
     }
 
@@ -194,7 +193,7 @@ fn cs_clone(
                     let Some(ident) = field.name else {
                         cx.span_bug(
                             trait_span,
-                            &format!("unnamed field in normal struct in `derive({})`", name,),
+                            format!("unnamed field in normal struct in `derive({})`", name,),
                         );
                     };
                     let call = subcall(cx, field);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/cmp/eq.rs b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/cmp/eq.rs
index af971958680..c78a0eb04a0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/cmp/eq.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/cmp/eq.rs
@@ -18,11 +18,6 @@ pub fn expand_deriving_eq(
     is_const: bool,
 ) {
     let span = cx.with_def_site_ctxt(span);
-    let attrs = thin_vec![
-        cx.attr_word(sym::inline, span),
-        cx.attr_nested_word(sym::doc, sym::hidden, span),
-        cx.attr_word(sym::no_coverage, span)
-    ];
     let trait_def = TraitDef {
         span,
         path: path_std!(cmp::Eq),
@@ -36,7 +31,11 @@ pub fn expand_deriving_eq(
             explicit_self: true,
             nonself_args: vec![],
             ret_ty: Unit,
-            attributes: attrs,
+            attributes: thin_vec![
+                cx.attr_word(sym::inline, span),
+                cx.attr_nested_word(sym::doc, sym::hidden, span),
+                cx.attr_word(sym::no_coverage, span)
+            ],
             fieldless_variants_strategy: FieldlessVariantsStrategy::Unify,
             combine_substructure: combine_substructure(Box::new(|a, b, c| {
                 cs_total_eq_assert(a, b, c)
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/cmp/ord.rs b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/cmp/ord.rs
index cfd36f030a1..4401cf8a9c5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/cmp/ord.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/cmp/ord.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ pub fn expand_deriving_ord(
     push: &mut dyn FnMut(Annotatable),
     is_const: bool,
 ) {
-    let attrs = thin_vec![cx.attr_word(sym::inline, span)];
     let trait_def = TraitDef {
         span,
         path: path_std!(cmp::Ord),
@@ -29,7 +28,7 @@ pub fn expand_deriving_ord(
             explicit_self: true,
             nonself_args: vec![(self_ref(), sym::other)],
             ret_ty: Path(path_std!(cmp::Ordering)),
-            attributes: attrs,
+            attributes: thin_vec![cx.attr_word(sym::inline, span)],
             fieldless_variants_strategy: FieldlessVariantsStrategy::Unify,
             combine_substructure: combine_substructure(Box::new(|a, b, c| cs_cmp(a, b, c))),
         }],
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/cmp/partial_eq.rs b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/cmp/partial_eq.rs
index bad47db0de1..a71ecc5db7d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/cmp/partial_eq.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/cmp/partial_eq.rs
@@ -82,14 +82,13 @@ pub fn expand_deriving_partial_eq(
 
     // No need to generate `ne`, the default suffices, and not generating it is
     // faster.
-    let attrs = thin_vec![cx.attr_word(sym::inline, span)];
     let methods = vec![MethodDef {
         name: sym::eq,
         generics: Bounds::empty(),
         explicit_self: true,
         nonself_args: vec![(self_ref(), sym::other)],
         ret_ty: Path(path_local!(bool)),
-        attributes: attrs,
+        attributes: thin_vec![cx.attr_word(sym::inline, span)],
         fieldless_variants_strategy: FieldlessVariantsStrategy::Unify,
         combine_substructure: combine_substructure(Box::new(|a, b, c| cs_eq(a, b, c))),
     }];
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/cmp/partial_ord.rs b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/cmp/partial_ord.rs
index 9f46247908d..54b6cb7d713 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/cmp/partial_ord.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/cmp/partial_ord.rs
@@ -19,8 +19,6 @@ pub fn expand_deriving_partial_ord(
     let ret_ty =
         Path(Path::new_(pathvec_std!(option::Option), vec![Box::new(ordering_ty)], PathKind::Std));
 
-    let attrs = thin_vec![cx.attr_word(sym::inline, span)];
-
     // Order in which to perform matching
     let tag_then_data = if let Annotatable::Item(item) = item
         && let ItemKind::Enum(def, _) = &item.kind {
@@ -48,7 +46,7 @@ pub fn expand_deriving_partial_ord(
         explicit_self: true,
         nonself_args: vec![(self_ref(), sym::other)],
         ret_ty,
-        attributes: attrs,
+        attributes: thin_vec![cx.attr_word(sym::inline, span)],
         fieldless_variants_strategy: FieldlessVariantsStrategy::Unify,
         combine_substructure: combine_substructure(Box::new(|cx, span, substr| {
             cs_partial_cmp(cx, span, substr, tag_then_data)
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/default.rs b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/default.rs
index 33fe98b40e1..07b172bc757 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/default.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/default.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ pub fn expand_deriving_default(
 ) {
     item.visit_with(&mut DetectNonVariantDefaultAttr { cx });
 
-    let attrs = thin_vec![cx.attr_word(sym::inline, span)];
     let trait_def = TraitDef {
         span,
         path: Path::new(vec![kw::Default, sym::Default]),
@@ -34,7 +33,7 @@ pub fn expand_deriving_default(
             explicit_self: false,
             nonself_args: Vec::new(),
             ret_ty: Self_,
-            attributes: attrs,
+            attributes: thin_vec![cx.attr_word(sym::inline, span)],
             fieldless_variants_strategy: FieldlessVariantsStrategy::Default,
             combine_substructure: combine_substructure(Box::new(|cx, trait_span, substr| {
                 match substr.fields {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/generic/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/generic/mod.rs
index caced3d6447..4ba09335cb7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/generic/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/generic/mod.rs
@@ -1591,7 +1591,7 @@ impl<'a> TraitDef<'a> {
                                 BYTE_SLICE_IN_PACKED_STRUCT_WITH_DERIVE,
                                 sp,
                                 ast::CRATE_NODE_ID,
-                                &format!(
+                                format!(
                                     "{} slice in a packed struct that derives a built-in trait",
                                     ty
                                 ),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/hash.rs b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/hash.rs
index 4eee573db42..101401f9c85 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/hash.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/deriving/hash.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use crate::deriving::generic::ty::*;
 use crate::deriving::generic::*;
 use crate::deriving::{path_std, pathvec_std};
-use rustc_ast::{AttrVec, MetaItem, Mutability};
+use rustc_ast::{MetaItem, Mutability};
 use rustc_expand::base::{Annotatable, ExtCtxt};
 use rustc_span::symbol::sym;
 use rustc_span::Span;
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ pub fn expand_deriving_hash(
             explicit_self: true,
             nonself_args: vec![(Ref(Box::new(Path(arg)), Mutability::Mut), sym::state)],
             ret_ty: Unit,
-            attributes: AttrVec::new(),
+            attributes: thin_vec![cx.attr_word(sym::inline, span)],
             fieldless_variants_strategy: FieldlessVariantsStrategy::Unify,
             combine_substructure: combine_substructure(Box::new(|a, b, c| {
                 hash_substructure(a, b, c)
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/env.rs b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/env.rs
index 58c972738c4..8f64e332861 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/env.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/env.rs
@@ -63,7 +63,8 @@ pub fn expand_env<'cx>(
         Some(exprs) => exprs.into_iter(),
     };
 
-    let Some((var, _style)) = expr_to_string(cx, exprs.next().unwrap(), "expected string literal") else {
+    let var_expr = exprs.next().unwrap();
+    let Some((var, _)) = expr_to_string(cx, var_expr.clone(), "expected string literal") else {
         return DummyResult::any(sp);
     };
 
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ pub fn expand_env<'cx>(
         None => None,
         Some(second) => match expr_to_string(cx, second, "expected string literal") {
             None => return DummyResult::any(sp),
-            Some((s, _style)) => Some(s),
+            Some((s, _)) => Some(s),
         },
     };
 
@@ -80,10 +81,15 @@ pub fn expand_env<'cx>(
     cx.sess.parse_sess.env_depinfo.borrow_mut().insert((var, value));
     let e = match value {
         None => {
+            // Use the string literal in the code in the diagnostic to avoid confusing diagnostics,
+            // e.g. when the literal contains escape sequences.
+            let ast::ExprKind::Lit(ast::token::Lit { kind: ast::token::LitKind::Str, symbol: original_var, ..}) = &var_expr.kind else {
+                unreachable!("`expr_to_string` ensures this is a string lit")
+            };
             cx.emit_err(errors::EnvNotDefined {
                 span: sp,
                 msg: custom_msg,
-                var,
+                var: *original_var,
                 help: custom_msg.is_none().then(|| help_for_missing_env_var(var.as_str())),
             });
             return DummyResult::any(sp);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/errors.rs b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/errors.rs
index d0d78646009..f1ab279daba 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/errors.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/errors.rs
@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ impl<'a, G: EmissionGuarantee> IntoDiagnostic<'a, G> for EnvNotDefined {
                 rustc::untranslatable_diagnostic,
                 reason = "cannot translate user-provided messages"
             )]
-            handler.struct_diagnostic(msg.as_str())
+            handler.struct_diagnostic(msg.to_string())
         } else {
             handler.struct_diagnostic(crate::fluent_generated::builtin_macros_env_not_defined)
         };
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/format.rs b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/format.rs
index adc12ec84f5..c59a733c055 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/format.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/format.rs
@@ -814,7 +814,7 @@ fn report_invalid_references(
         };
         e = ecx.struct_span_err(
             span,
-            &format!("invalid reference to positional {} ({})", arg_list, num_args_desc),
+            format!("invalid reference to positional {} ({})", arg_list, num_args_desc),
         );
         e.note("positional arguments are zero-based");
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/format_foreign.rs b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/format_foreign.rs
index bd9e903b6ba..bd5356575ca 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/format_foreign.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/format_foreign.rs
@@ -562,15 +562,13 @@ pub(crate) mod printf {
         }
 
         if let Type = state {
-            drop(c);
             type_ = at.slice_between(next).unwrap();
 
             // Don't use `move_to!` here, as we *can* be at the end of the input.
             at = next;
         }
 
-        drop(c);
-        drop(next);
+        let _ = c; // to avoid never used value
 
         end = at;
         let position = InnerSpan::new(start.at, end.at);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/global_allocator.rs b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/global_allocator.rs
index 866cc5adbf3..f0d378d12f7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/global_allocator.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/global_allocator.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use crate::util::check_builtin_macro_attribute;
 
 use rustc_ast::expand::allocator::{
-    AllocatorKind, AllocatorMethod, AllocatorTy, ALLOCATOR_METHODS,
+    global_fn_name, AllocatorMethod, AllocatorTy, ALLOCATOR_METHODS,
 };
 use rustc_ast::ptr::P;
 use rustc_ast::{self as ast, AttrVec, Expr, FnHeader, FnSig, Generics, Param, StmtKind};
@@ -40,8 +40,7 @@ pub fn expand(
 
     // Generate a bunch of new items using the AllocFnFactory
     let span = ecx.with_def_site_ctxt(item.span);
-    let f =
-        AllocFnFactory { span, ty_span, kind: AllocatorKind::Global, global: item.ident, cx: ecx };
+    let f = AllocFnFactory { span, ty_span, global: item.ident, cx: ecx };
 
     // Generate item statements for the allocator methods.
     let stmts = ALLOCATOR_METHODS.iter().map(|method| f.allocator_fn(method)).collect();
@@ -63,7 +62,6 @@ pub fn expand(
 struct AllocFnFactory<'a, 'b> {
     span: Span,
     ty_span: Span,
-    kind: AllocatorKind,
     global: Ident,
     cx: &'b ExtCtxt<'a>,
 }
@@ -92,7 +90,7 @@ impl AllocFnFactory<'_, '_> {
         }));
         let item = self.cx.item(
             self.span,
-            Ident::from_str_and_span(&self.kind.fn_name(method.name), self.span),
+            Ident::from_str_and_span(&global_fn_name(method.name), self.span),
             self.attrs(),
             kind,
         );
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/lib.rs
index 4e5edb4d6b1..ebf1448f55c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/lib.rs
@@ -115,6 +115,7 @@ pub fn register_builtin_macros(resolver: &mut dyn ResolverExpand) {
     register_derive! {
         Clone: clone::expand_deriving_clone,
         Copy: bounds::expand_deriving_copy,
+        ConstParamTy: bounds::expand_deriving_const_param_ty,
         Debug: debug::expand_deriving_debug,
         Default: default::expand_deriving_default,
         Eq: eq::expand_deriving_eq,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/source_util.rs b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/source_util.rs
index b8a24f1102d..e613b904d2e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/source_util.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/source_util.rs
@@ -188,12 +188,12 @@ pub fn expand_include_str(
                 base::MacEager::expr(cx.expr_str(sp, interned_src))
             }
             Err(_) => {
-                cx.span_err(sp, &format!("{} wasn't a utf-8 file", file.display()));
+                cx.span_err(sp, format!("{} wasn't a utf-8 file", file.display()));
                 DummyResult::any(sp)
             }
         },
         Err(e) => {
-            cx.span_err(sp, &format!("couldn't read {}: {}", file.display(), e));
+            cx.span_err(sp, format!("couldn't read {}: {}", file.display(), e));
             DummyResult::any(sp)
         }
     }
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ pub fn expand_include_bytes(
             base::MacEager::expr(expr)
         }
         Err(e) => {
-            cx.span_err(sp, &format!("couldn't read {}: {}", file.display(), e));
+            cx.span_err(sp, format!("couldn't read {}: {}", file.display(), e));
             DummyResult::any(sp)
         }
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/trace_macros.rs b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/trace_macros.rs
index cc5ae6894e6..9c98723e1f4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/trace_macros.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/trace_macros.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ pub fn expand_trace_macros(
     sp: Span,
     tt: TokenStream,
 ) -> Box<dyn base::MacResult + 'static> {
-    let mut cursor = tt.into_trees();
+    let mut cursor = tt.trees();
     let mut err = false;
     let value = match &cursor.next() {
         Some(TokenTree::Token(token, _)) if token.is_keyword(kw::True) => true,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/Readme.md b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/Readme.md
index c5222982aa7..26dccf309e1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/Readme.md
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/Readme.md
@@ -42,6 +42,32 @@ This will build your project with rustc_codegen_cranelift instead of the usual L
 
 For additional ways to use rustc_codegen_cranelift like the JIT mode see [usage.md](docs/usage.md).
 
+## Building and testing with changes in rustc code
+
+This is useful when changing code in `rustc_codegen_cranelift` as part of changing [main Rust repository](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/).
+This can happen, for example, when you are implementing a new compiler intrinsic.
+
+Instruction below uses `$RustCheckoutDir` as substitute for any folder where you cloned Rust repository.
+
+You need to do this steps to successfully compile and use the cranelift backend with your changes in rustc code:
+
+1. `cd $RustCheckoutDir`
+2. Run `python x.py setup` and choose option for compiler (`b`).
+3. Build compiler and necessary tools: `python x.py build --stage=2 compiler library/std src/tools/rustdoc src/tools/rustfmt`
+   * (Optional) You can also build cargo by adding `src/tools/cargo` to previous command.
+4. Copy exectutable files from `./build/host/stage2-tools/<your hostname triple>/release`
+to `./build/host/stage2/bin/`. Note that you would need to do this every time you rebuilt `rust` repository.
+5. Copy cargo from another toolchain: `cp $(rustup which cargo) .build/<your hostname triple>/stage2/bin/cargo`
+   * Another option is to build it at step 3 and copy with other executables at step 4.
+6. Link your new `rustc` to toolchain: `rustup toolchain link stage2 ./build/host/stage2/`.
+7. (Windows only) compile y.rs: `rustc +stage2 -O y.rs`.
+8. You need to prefix every `./y.rs` (or `y` if you built `y.rs`) command by `rustup run stage2` to make cg_clif use your local changes in rustc.
+
+  * `rustup run stage2 ./y.rs prepare`
+  * `rustup run stage2 ./y.rs build`
+  * (Optional) run tests: `rustup run stage2 ./y.rs test`
+9. Now you can use your cg_clif build to compile other Rust programs, e.g. you can open any Rust crate and run commands like `$RustCheckoutDir/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/dist/cargo-clif build --release`.
+
 ## Configuration
 
 See the documentation on the `BackendConfig` struct in [config.rs](src/config.rs) for all
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/abi/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/abi/mod.rs
index 73a3e3353f3..84e09cf0abe 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/abi/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/abi/mod.rs
@@ -432,11 +432,9 @@ pub(crate) fn codegen_terminator_call<'tcx>(
     let is_cold = if fn_sig.abi() == Abi::RustCold {
         true
     } else {
-        instance
-            .map(|inst| {
-                fx.tcx.codegen_fn_attrs(inst.def_id()).flags.contains(CodegenFnAttrFlags::COLD)
-            })
-            .unwrap_or(false)
+        instance.is_some_and(|inst| {
+            fx.tcx.codegen_fn_attrs(inst.def_id()).flags.contains(CodegenFnAttrFlags::COLD)
+        })
     };
     if is_cold {
         fx.bcx.set_cold_block(fx.bcx.current_block().unwrap());
@@ -470,7 +468,7 @@ pub(crate) fn codegen_terminator_call<'tcx>(
     };
 
     // Pass the caller location for `#[track_caller]`.
-    if instance.map(|inst| inst.def.requires_caller_location(fx.tcx)).unwrap_or(false) {
+    if instance.is_some_and(|inst| inst.def.requires_caller_location(fx.tcx)) {
         let caller_location = fx.get_caller_location(source_info);
         args.push(CallArgument { value: caller_location, is_owned: false });
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/allocator.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/allocator.rs
index 2c246ceb37d..d4b1ae2b613 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/allocator.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/allocator.rs
@@ -3,10 +3,12 @@
 
 use crate::prelude::*;
 
-use rustc_ast::expand::allocator::{AllocatorKind, AllocatorTy, ALLOCATOR_METHODS};
+use rustc_ast::expand::allocator::{
+    alloc_error_handler_name, default_fn_name, global_fn_name, AllocatorKind, AllocatorTy,
+    ALLOCATOR_METHODS, NO_ALLOC_SHIM_IS_UNSTABLE,
+};
 use rustc_codegen_ssa::base::allocator_kind_for_codegen;
 use rustc_session::config::OomStrategy;
-use rustc_span::symbol::sym;
 
 /// Returns whether an allocator shim was created
 pub(crate) fn codegen(
@@ -34,41 +36,43 @@ fn codegen_inner(
 ) {
     let usize_ty = module.target_config().pointer_type();
 
-    for method in ALLOCATOR_METHODS {
-        let mut arg_tys = Vec::with_capacity(method.inputs.len());
-        for ty in method.inputs.iter() {
-            match *ty {
-                AllocatorTy::Layout => {
-                    arg_tys.push(usize_ty); // size
-                    arg_tys.push(usize_ty); // align
-                }
-                AllocatorTy::Ptr => arg_tys.push(usize_ty),
-                AllocatorTy::Usize => arg_tys.push(usize_ty),
+    if kind == AllocatorKind::Default {
+        for method in ALLOCATOR_METHODS {
+            let mut arg_tys = Vec::with_capacity(method.inputs.len());
+            for ty in method.inputs.iter() {
+                match *ty {
+                    AllocatorTy::Layout => {
+                        arg_tys.push(usize_ty); // size
+                        arg_tys.push(usize_ty); // align
+                    }
+                    AllocatorTy::Ptr => arg_tys.push(usize_ty),
+                    AllocatorTy::Usize => arg_tys.push(usize_ty),
 
-                AllocatorTy::ResultPtr | AllocatorTy::Unit => panic!("invalid allocator arg"),
+                    AllocatorTy::ResultPtr | AllocatorTy::Unit => panic!("invalid allocator arg"),
+                }
             }
-        }
-        let output = match method.output {
-            AllocatorTy::ResultPtr => Some(usize_ty),
-            AllocatorTy::Unit => None,
+            let output = match method.output {
+                AllocatorTy::ResultPtr => Some(usize_ty),
+                AllocatorTy::Unit => None,
 
-            AllocatorTy::Layout | AllocatorTy::Usize | AllocatorTy::Ptr => {
-                panic!("invalid allocator output")
-            }
-        };
+                AllocatorTy::Layout | AllocatorTy::Usize | AllocatorTy::Ptr => {
+                    panic!("invalid allocator output")
+                }
+            };
 
-        let sig = Signature {
-            call_conv: module.target_config().default_call_conv,
-            params: arg_tys.iter().cloned().map(AbiParam::new).collect(),
-            returns: output.into_iter().map(AbiParam::new).collect(),
-        };
-        crate::common::create_wrapper_function(
-            module,
-            unwind_context,
-            sig,
-            &format!("__rust_{}", method.name),
-            &kind.fn_name(method.name),
-        );
+            let sig = Signature {
+                call_conv: module.target_config().default_call_conv,
+                params: arg_tys.iter().cloned().map(AbiParam::new).collect(),
+                returns: output.into_iter().map(AbiParam::new).collect(),
+            };
+            crate::common::create_wrapper_function(
+                module,
+                unwind_context,
+                sig,
+                &global_fn_name(method.name),
+                &default_fn_name(method.name),
+            );
+        }
     }
 
     let sig = Signature {
@@ -81,7 +85,7 @@ fn codegen_inner(
         unwind_context,
         sig,
         "__rust_alloc_error_handler",
-        &alloc_error_handler_kind.fn_name(sym::oom),
+        &alloc_error_handler_name(alloc_error_handler_kind),
     );
 
     let data_id = module.declare_data(OomStrategy::SYMBOL, Linkage::Export, false, false).unwrap();
@@ -90,4 +94,11 @@ fn codegen_inner(
     let val = oom_strategy.should_panic();
     data_ctx.define(Box::new([val]));
     module.define_data(data_id, &data_ctx).unwrap();
+
+    let data_id =
+        module.declare_data(NO_ALLOC_SHIM_IS_UNSTABLE, Linkage::Export, false, false).unwrap();
+    let mut data_ctx = DataContext::new();
+    data_ctx.set_align(1);
+    data_ctx.define(Box::new([0]));
+    module.define_data(data_id, &data_ctx).unwrap();
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/base.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/base.rs
index e9dbea1be67..fcfa0b862d4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/base.rs
@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ fn codegen_fn_body(fx: &mut FunctionCx<'_, '_, '_>, start_block: Block) {
             | TerminatorKind::GeneratorDrop => {
                 bug!("shouldn't exist at codegen {:?}", bb_data.terminator());
             }
-            TerminatorKind::Drop { place, target, unwind: _ } => {
+            TerminatorKind::Drop { place, target, unwind: _, replace: _ } => {
                 let drop_place = codegen_place(fx, *place);
                 crate::abi::codegen_drop(fx, source_info, drop_place);
 
@@ -630,11 +630,11 @@ fn codegen_stmt<'tcx>(
                     let to_ty = fx.monomorphize(to_ty);
 
                     fn is_fat_ptr<'tcx>(fx: &FunctionCx<'_, '_, 'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> bool {
-                        ty.builtin_deref(true)
-                            .map(|ty::TypeAndMut { ty: pointee_ty, mutbl: _ }| {
+                        ty.builtin_deref(true).is_some_and(
+                            |ty::TypeAndMut { ty: pointee_ty, mutbl: _ }| {
                                 has_ptr_meta(fx.tcx, pointee_ty)
-                            })
-                            .unwrap_or(false)
+                            },
+                        )
                     }
 
                     if is_fat_ptr(fx, from_ty) {
@@ -966,11 +966,7 @@ fn codegen_panic_inner<'tcx>(
     args: &[Value],
     span: Span,
 ) {
-    let def_id = fx
-        .tcx
-        .lang_items()
-        .require(lang_item)
-        .unwrap_or_else(|e| fx.tcx.sess.span_fatal(span, e.to_string()));
+    let def_id = fx.tcx.require_lang_item(lang_item, Some(span));
 
     let instance = Instance::mono(fx.tcx, def_id).polymorphize(fx.tcx);
     let symbol_name = fx.tcx.symbol_name(instance).name;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/common.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/common.rs
index ccb3a0c4f27..67fd6d793e0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/common.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/common.rs
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ impl<'tcx> FunctionCx<'_, '_, 'tcx> {
         self.instance.subst_mir_and_normalize_erasing_regions(
             self.tcx,
             ty::ParamEnv::reveal_all(),
-            ty::EarlyBinder(value),
+            ty::EarlyBinder::bind(value),
         )
     }
 
@@ -413,11 +413,7 @@ impl<'tcx> FunctionCx<'_, '_, 'tcx> {
 
     // Note: must be kept in sync with get_caller_location from cg_ssa
     pub(crate) fn get_caller_location(&mut self, mut source_info: mir::SourceInfo) -> CValue<'tcx> {
-        let span_to_caller_location = |fx: &mut FunctionCx<'_, '_, 'tcx>, mut span: Span| {
-            // Remove `Inlined` marks as they pollute `expansion_cause`.
-            while span.is_inlined() {
-                span.remove_mark();
-            }
+        let span_to_caller_location = |fx: &mut FunctionCx<'_, '_, 'tcx>, span: Span| {
             let topmost = span.ctxt().outer_expn().expansion_cause().unwrap_or(span);
             let caller = fx.tcx.sess.source_map().lookup_char_pos(topmost.lo());
             let const_loc = fx.tcx.const_caller_location((
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/pretty_clif.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/pretty_clif.rs
index 27e21183c55..1007b33eca4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/pretty_clif.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/pretty_clif.rs
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ pub(crate) fn write_ir_file(
         // Using early_warn as no Session is available here
         rustc_session::early_warn(
             rustc_session::config::ErrorOutputType::default(),
-            &format!("error writing ir file: {}", err),
+            format!("error writing ir file: {}", err),
         );
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/messages.ftl
index 0a94a08f8dc..97bc8ef9d1b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/messages.ftl
@@ -1,68 +1,68 @@
-codegen_gcc_unwinding_inline_asm =
-    GCC backend does not support unwinding from inline asm
-
-codegen_gcc_lto_not_supported =
-    LTO is not supported. You may get a linker error.
+codegen_gcc_invalid_minimum_alignment =
+    invalid minimum global alignment: {$err}
 
 codegen_gcc_invalid_monomorphization_basic_integer =
     invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected basic integer type, found `{$ty}`
 
-codegen_gcc_invalid_monomorphization_invalid_float_vector =
-    invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: unsupported element type `{$elem_ty}` of floating-point vector `{$vec_ty}`
-
-codegen_gcc_invalid_monomorphization_not_float =
-    invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: `{$ty}` is not a floating-point type
-
-codegen_gcc_invalid_monomorphization_unrecognized =
-    invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: unrecognized intrinsic `{$name}`
-
 codegen_gcc_invalid_monomorphization_expected_signed_unsigned =
     invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected element type `{$elem_ty}` of vector type `{$vec_ty}` to be a signed or unsigned integer type
 
-codegen_gcc_invalid_monomorphization_unsupported_element =
-    invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: unsupported {$name} from `{$in_ty}` with element `{$elem_ty}` to `{$ret_ty}`
+codegen_gcc_invalid_monomorphization_expected_simd =
+    invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected SIMD {$expected_ty} type, found non-SIMD `{$found_ty}`
+
+codegen_gcc_invalid_monomorphization_inserted_type =
+    invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected inserted type `{$in_elem}` (element of input `{$in_ty}`), found `{$out_ty}`
 
 codegen_gcc_invalid_monomorphization_invalid_bitmask =
     invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: invalid bitmask `{$ty}`, expected `u{$expected_int_bits}` or `[u8; {$expected_bytes}]`
 
-codegen_gcc_invalid_monomorphization_simd_shuffle =
-    invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: simd_shuffle index must be an array of `u32`, got `{$ty}`
-
-codegen_gcc_invalid_monomorphization_expected_simd =
-    invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected SIMD {$expected_ty} type, found non-SIMD `{$found_ty}`
+codegen_gcc_invalid_monomorphization_invalid_float_vector =
+    invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: unsupported element type `{$elem_ty}` of floating-point vector `{$vec_ty}`
 
 codegen_gcc_invalid_monomorphization_mask_type =
     invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: mask element type is `{$ty}`, expected `i_`
 
+codegen_gcc_invalid_monomorphization_mismatched_lengths =
+    invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: mismatched lengths: mask length `{$m_len}` != other vector length `{$v_len}`
+
+codegen_gcc_invalid_monomorphization_not_float =
+    invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: `{$ty}` is not a floating-point type
+
+codegen_gcc_invalid_monomorphization_return_element =
+    invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected return element type `{$in_elem}` (element of input `{$in_ty}`), found `{$ret_ty}` with element type `{$out_ty}`
+
+codegen_gcc_invalid_monomorphization_return_integer_type =
+    invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected return type with integer elements, found `{$ret_ty}` with non-integer `{$out_ty}`
+
 codegen_gcc_invalid_monomorphization_return_length =
     invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected return type of length {$in_len}, found `{$ret_ty}` with length {$out_len}
 
 codegen_gcc_invalid_monomorphization_return_length_input_type =
     invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected return type with length {$in_len} (same as input type `{$in_ty}`), found `{$ret_ty}` with length {$out_len}
 
-codegen_gcc_invalid_monomorphization_return_element =
-    invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected return element type `{$in_elem}` (element of input `{$in_ty}`), found `{$ret_ty}` with element type `{$out_ty}`
-
 codegen_gcc_invalid_monomorphization_return_type =
     invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected return type `{$in_elem}` (element of input `{$in_ty}`), found `{$ret_ty}`
 
-codegen_gcc_invalid_monomorphization_inserted_type =
-    invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected inserted type `{$in_elem}` (element of input `{$in_ty}`), found `{$out_ty}`
-
-codegen_gcc_invalid_monomorphization_return_integer_type =
-    invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected return type with integer elements, found `{$ret_ty}` with non-integer `{$out_ty}`
+codegen_gcc_invalid_monomorphization_simd_shuffle =
+    invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: simd_shuffle index must be an array of `u32`, got `{$ty}`
 
-codegen_gcc_invalid_monomorphization_mismatched_lengths =
-    invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: mismatched lengths: mask length `{$m_len}` != other vector length `{$v_len}`
+codegen_gcc_invalid_monomorphization_unrecognized =
+    invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: unrecognized intrinsic `{$name}`
 
 codegen_gcc_invalid_monomorphization_unsupported_cast =
     invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: unsupported cast from `{$in_ty}` with element `{$in_elem}` to `{$ret_ty}` with element `{$out_elem}`
 
+codegen_gcc_invalid_monomorphization_unsupported_element =
+    invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: unsupported {$name} from `{$in_ty}` with element `{$elem_ty}` to `{$ret_ty}`
+
 codegen_gcc_invalid_monomorphization_unsupported_operation =
     invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: unsupported operation on `{$in_ty}` with element `{$in_elem}`
 
-codegen_gcc_invalid_minimum_alignment =
-    invalid minimum global alignment: {$err}
+codegen_gcc_lto_not_supported =
+    LTO is not supported. You may get a linker error.
 
 codegen_gcc_tied_target_features = the target features {$features} must all be either enabled or disabled together
     .help = add the missing features in a `target_feature` attribute
+
+codegen_gcc_unwinding_inline_asm =
+    GCC backend does not support unwinding from inline asm
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/allocator.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/allocator.rs
index 4bad33ee879..13f88192bbc 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/allocator.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/allocator.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 #[cfg(feature="master")]
 use gccjit::FnAttribute;
 use gccjit::{FunctionType, GlobalKind, ToRValue};
-use rustc_ast::expand::allocator::{AllocatorKind, AllocatorTy, ALLOCATOR_METHODS};
+use rustc_ast::expand::allocator::{
+    alloc_error_handler_name, default_fn_name, global_fn_name, AllocatorKind, AllocatorTy,
+    ALLOCATOR_METHODS, NO_ALLOC_SHIM_IS_UNSTABLE,
+};
 use rustc_middle::bug;
 use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
 use rustc_session::config::OomStrategy;
-use rustc_span::symbol::sym;
 
 use crate::GccContext;
 
@@ -22,69 +24,71 @@ pub(crate) unsafe fn codegen(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, mods: &mut GccContext, _module_nam
     let i8p = i8.make_pointer();
     let void = context.new_type::<()>();
 
-    for method in ALLOCATOR_METHODS {
-        let mut types = Vec::with_capacity(method.inputs.len());
-        for ty in method.inputs.iter() {
-            match *ty {
-                AllocatorTy::Layout => {
-                    types.push(usize);
-                    types.push(usize);
+    if kind == AllocatorKind::Default {
+        for method in ALLOCATOR_METHODS {
+            let mut types = Vec::with_capacity(method.inputs.len());
+            for ty in method.inputs.iter() {
+                match *ty {
+                    AllocatorTy::Layout => {
+                        types.push(usize);
+                        types.push(usize);
+                    }
+                    AllocatorTy::Ptr => types.push(i8p),
+                    AllocatorTy::Usize => types.push(usize),
+
+                    AllocatorTy::ResultPtr | AllocatorTy::Unit => panic!("invalid allocator arg"),
                 }
-                AllocatorTy::Ptr => types.push(i8p),
-                AllocatorTy::Usize => types.push(usize),
-
-                AllocatorTy::ResultPtr | AllocatorTy::Unit => panic!("invalid allocator arg"),
             }
-        }
-        let output = match method.output {
-            AllocatorTy::ResultPtr => Some(i8p),
-            AllocatorTy::Unit => None,
+            let output = match method.output {
+                AllocatorTy::ResultPtr => Some(i8p),
+                AllocatorTy::Unit => None,
 
-            AllocatorTy::Layout | AllocatorTy::Usize | AllocatorTy::Ptr => {
-                panic!("invalid allocator output")
-            }
-        };
-        let name = format!("__rust_{}", method.name);
+                AllocatorTy::Layout | AllocatorTy::Usize | AllocatorTy::Ptr => {
+                    panic!("invalid allocator output")
+                }
+            };
+            let name = global_fn_name(method.name);
 
-        let args: Vec<_> = types.iter().enumerate()
-            .map(|(index, typ)| context.new_parameter(None, *typ, &format!("param{}", index)))
-            .collect();
-        let func = context.new_function(None, FunctionType::Exported, output.unwrap_or(void), &args, name, false);
+            let args: Vec<_> = types.iter().enumerate()
+                .map(|(index, typ)| context.new_parameter(None, *typ, &format!("param{}", index)))
+                .collect();
+            let func = context.new_function(None, FunctionType::Exported, output.unwrap_or(void), &args, name, false);
 
-        if tcx.sess.target.options.default_hidden_visibility {
+            if tcx.sess.target.options.default_hidden_visibility {
+                #[cfg(feature="master")]
+                func.add_attribute(FnAttribute::Visibility(gccjit::Visibility::Hidden));
+            }
+            if tcx.sess.must_emit_unwind_tables() {
+                // TODO(antoyo): emit unwind tables.
+            }
+
+            let callee = default_fn_name(method.name);
+            let args: Vec<_> = types.iter().enumerate()
+                .map(|(index, typ)| context.new_parameter(None, *typ, &format!("param{}", index)))
+                .collect();
+            let callee = context.new_function(None, FunctionType::Extern, output.unwrap_or(void), &args, callee, false);
             #[cfg(feature="master")]
-            func.add_attribute(FnAttribute::Visibility(gccjit::Visibility::Hidden));
-        }
-        if tcx.sess.must_emit_unwind_tables() {
-            // TODO(antoyo): emit unwind tables.
-        }
+            callee.add_attribute(FnAttribute::Visibility(gccjit::Visibility::Hidden));
+
+            let block = func.new_block("entry");
+
+            let args = args
+                .iter()
+                .enumerate()
+                .map(|(i, _)| func.get_param(i as i32).to_rvalue())
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+            let ret = context.new_call(None, callee, &args);
+            //llvm::LLVMSetTailCall(ret, True);
+            if output.is_some() {
+                block.end_with_return(None, ret);
+            }
+            else {
+                block.end_with_void_return(None);
+            }
 
-        let callee = kind.fn_name(method.name);
-        let args: Vec<_> = types.iter().enumerate()
-            .map(|(index, typ)| context.new_parameter(None, *typ, &format!("param{}", index)))
-            .collect();
-        let callee = context.new_function(None, FunctionType::Extern, output.unwrap_or(void), &args, callee, false);
-        #[cfg(feature="master")]
-        callee.add_attribute(FnAttribute::Visibility(gccjit::Visibility::Hidden));
-
-        let block = func.new_block("entry");
-
-        let args = args
-            .iter()
-            .enumerate()
-            .map(|(i, _)| func.get_param(i as i32).to_rvalue())
-            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        let ret = context.new_call(None, callee, &args);
-        //llvm::LLVMSetTailCall(ret, True);
-        if output.is_some() {
-            block.end_with_return(None, ret);
-        }
-        else {
-            block.end_with_void_return(None);
+            // TODO(@Commeownist): Check if we need to emit some extra debugging info in certain circumstances
+            // as described in https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/commit/77a96ed5646f7c3ee8897693decc4626fe380643
         }
-
-        // TODO(@Commeownist): Check if we need to emit some extra debugging info in certain circumstances
-        // as described in https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/commit/77a96ed5646f7c3ee8897693decc4626fe380643
     }
 
     let types = [usize, usize];
@@ -99,7 +103,7 @@ pub(crate) unsafe fn codegen(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, mods: &mut GccContext, _module_nam
         func.add_attribute(FnAttribute::Visibility(gccjit::Visibility::Hidden));
     }
 
-    let callee = alloc_error_handler_kind.fn_name(sym::oom);
+    let callee = alloc_error_handler_name(alloc_error_handler_kind);
     let args: Vec<_> = types.iter().enumerate()
         .map(|(index, typ)| context.new_parameter(None, *typ, &format!("param{}", index)))
         .collect();
@@ -123,4 +127,9 @@ pub(crate) unsafe fn codegen(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, mods: &mut GccContext, _module_nam
     let value = tcx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.oom.should_panic();
     let value = context.new_rvalue_from_int(i8, value as i32);
     global.global_set_initializer_rvalue(value);
+
+    let name = NO_ALLOC_SHIM_IS_UNSTABLE.to_string();
+    let global = context.new_global(None, GlobalKind::Exported, i8, name);
+    let value = context.new_rvalue_from_int(i8, 0);
+    global.global_set_initializer_rvalue(value);
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/builder.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/builder.rs
index 869344ce92d..f9ea0f00456 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/builder.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/builder.rs
@@ -758,7 +758,7 @@ impl<'a, 'gcc, 'tcx> BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx> for Builder<'a, 'gcc, 'tcx> {
         assert_eq!(place.llextra.is_some(), place.layout.is_unsized());
 
         if place.layout.is_zst() {
-            return OperandRef::new_zst(self, place.layout);
+            return OperandRef::zero_sized(place.layout);
         }
 
         fn scalar_load_metadata<'a, 'gcc, 'tcx>(bx: &mut Builder<'a, 'gcc, 'tcx>, load: RValue<'gcc>, scalar: &abi::Scalar) {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/common.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/common.rs
index ac04b61a306..bad87db4732 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/common.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/common.rs
@@ -1,17 +1,15 @@
 use gccjit::LValue;
 use gccjit::{RValue, Type, ToRValue};
-use rustc_codegen_ssa::mir::place::PlaceRef;
 use rustc_codegen_ssa::traits::{
     BaseTypeMethods,
     ConstMethods,
-    DerivedTypeMethods,
     MiscMethods,
     StaticMethods,
 };
 use rustc_middle::mir::Mutability;
-use rustc_middle::ty::layout::{TyAndLayout, LayoutOf};
+use rustc_middle::ty::layout::{LayoutOf};
 use rustc_middle::mir::interpret::{ConstAllocation, GlobalAlloc, Scalar};
-use rustc_target::abi::{self, HasDataLayout, Pointer, Size};
+use rustc_target::abi::{self, HasDataLayout, Pointer};
 
 use crate::consts::const_alloc_to_gcc;
 use crate::context::CodegenCx;
@@ -240,28 +238,26 @@ impl<'gcc, 'tcx> ConstMethods<'tcx> for CodegenCx<'gcc, 'tcx> {
         const_alloc_to_gcc(self, alloc)
     }
 
-    fn from_const_alloc(&self, layout: TyAndLayout<'tcx>, alloc: ConstAllocation<'tcx>, offset: Size) -> PlaceRef<'tcx, RValue<'gcc>> {
-        assert_eq!(alloc.inner().align, layout.align.abi);
-        let ty = self.type_ptr_to(layout.gcc_type(self));
-        let value =
-            if layout.size == Size::ZERO {
-                let value = self.const_usize(alloc.inner().align.bytes());
-                self.const_bitcast(value, ty)
-            }
-            else {
-                let init = const_alloc_to_gcc(self, alloc);
-                let base_addr = self.static_addr_of(init, alloc.inner().align, None);
-
-                let array = self.const_bitcast(base_addr, self.type_i8p());
-                let value = self.context.new_array_access(None, array, self.const_usize(offset.bytes())).get_address(None);
-                self.const_bitcast(value, ty)
-            };
-        PlaceRef::new_sized(value, layout)
-    }
-
     fn const_ptrcast(&self, val: RValue<'gcc>, ty: Type<'gcc>) -> RValue<'gcc> {
         self.context.new_cast(None, val, ty)
     }
+
+    fn const_bitcast(&self, value: RValue<'gcc>, typ: Type<'gcc>) -> RValue<'gcc> {
+        if value.get_type() == self.bool_type.make_pointer() {
+            if let Some(pointee) = typ.get_pointee() {
+                if pointee.dyncast_vector().is_some() {
+                    panic!()
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        // NOTE: since bitcast makes a value non-constant, don't bitcast if not necessary as some
+        // SIMD builtins require a constant value.
+        self.bitcast_if_needed(value, typ)
+    }
+    
+    fn const_ptr_byte_offset(&self, base_addr: Self::Value, offset: abi::Size) -> Self::Value {
+        self.context.new_array_access(None, base_addr, self.const_usize(offset.bytes())).get_address(None)
+    }
 }
 
 pub trait SignType<'gcc, 'tcx> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/consts.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/consts.rs
index 792ab8f890d..873f652e6f1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/consts.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/consts.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #[cfg(feature = "master")]
 use gccjit::FnAttribute;
-use gccjit::{Function, GlobalKind, LValue, RValue, ToRValue, Type};
+use gccjit::{Function, GlobalKind, LValue, RValue, ToRValue};
 use rustc_codegen_ssa::traits::{BaseTypeMethods, ConstMethods, DerivedTypeMethods, StaticMethods};
 use rustc_middle::span_bug;
 use rustc_middle::middle::codegen_fn_attrs::{CodegenFnAttrFlags, CodegenFnAttrs};
@@ -16,21 +16,6 @@ use crate::context::CodegenCx;
 use crate::errors::InvalidMinimumAlignment;
 use crate::type_of::LayoutGccExt;
 
-impl<'gcc, 'tcx> CodegenCx<'gcc, 'tcx> {
-    pub fn const_bitcast(&self, value: RValue<'gcc>, typ: Type<'gcc>) -> RValue<'gcc> {
-        if value.get_type() == self.bool_type.make_pointer() {
-            if let Some(pointee) = typ.get_pointee() {
-                if pointee.dyncast_vector().is_some() {
-                    panic!()
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        // NOTE: since bitcast makes a value non-constant, don't bitcast if not necessary as some
-        // SIMD builtins require a constant value.
-        self.bitcast_if_needed(value, typ)
-    }
-}
-
 fn set_global_alignment<'gcc, 'tcx>(cx: &CodegenCx<'gcc, 'tcx>, gv: LValue<'gcc>, mut align: Align) {
     // The target may require greater alignment for globals than the type does.
     // Note: GCC and Clang also allow `__attribute__((aligned))` on variables,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/lib.rs
index 1cabb05de97..442ce0ea542 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/lib.rs
@@ -80,8 +80,8 @@ use rustc_errors::{DiagnosticMessage, ErrorGuaranteed, Handler, SubdiagnosticMes
 use rustc_fluent_macro::fluent_messages;
 use rustc_metadata::EncodedMetadata;
 use rustc_middle::dep_graph::{WorkProduct, WorkProductId};
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
 use rustc_session::config::{Lto, OptLevel, OutputFilenames};
 use rustc_session::Session;
 use rustc_span::Symbol;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/type_of.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/type_of.rs
index 5df8c1a209d..30a3fe67b85 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/type_of.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/type_of.rs
@@ -159,8 +159,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LayoutGccExt<'tcx> for TyAndLayout<'tcx> {
     fn is_gcc_immediate(&self) -> bool {
         match self.abi {
             Abi::Scalar(_) | Abi::Vector { .. } => true,
-            Abi::ScalarPair(..) => false,
-            Abi::Uninhabited | Abi::Aggregate { .. } => self.is_zst(),
+            Abi::ScalarPair(..) | Abi::Uninhabited | Abi::Aggregate { .. } => false,
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/Cargo.toml b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/Cargo.toml
index 5e750d91b82..ad51f2d0958 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/Cargo.toml
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/Cargo.toml
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ bitflags = "1.0"
 cstr = "0.2"
 libc = "0.2"
 measureme = "10.0.0"
-object = { version = "0.30.1", default-features = false, features = [
+object = { version = "0.31.1", default-features = false, features = [
     "std",
     "read",
 ] }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/messages.ftl
index d77634741fb..55622fdb20a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/messages.ftl
@@ -1,90 +1,90 @@
-codegen_llvm_unknown_ctarget_feature =
-    unknown feature specified for `-Ctarget-feature`: `{$feature}`
-    .note = it is still passed through to the codegen backend
-    .possible_feature = you might have meant: `{$rust_feature}`
-    .consider_filing_feature_request = consider filing a feature request
+codegen_llvm_copy_bitcode = failed to copy bitcode to object file: {$err}
 
-codegen_llvm_unknown_ctarget_feature_prefix =
-    unknown feature specified for `-Ctarget-feature`: `{$feature}`
-    .note = features must begin with a `+` to enable or `-` to disable it
+codegen_llvm_dlltool_fail_import_library =
+    Dlltool could not create import library: {$stdout}
+    {$stderr}
+
+codegen_llvm_dynamic_linking_with_lto =
+    cannot prefer dynamic linking when performing LTO
+    .note = only 'staticlib', 'bin', and 'cdylib' outputs are supported with LTO
+
+codegen_llvm_error_calling_dlltool =
+    Error calling dlltool '{$dlltool_path}': {$error}
 
 codegen_llvm_error_creating_import_library =
     Error creating import library for {$lib_name}: {$error}
 
-codegen_llvm_symbol_already_defined =
-    symbol `{$symbol_name}` is already defined
+codegen_llvm_error_writing_def_file =
+    Error writing .DEF file: {$error}
+
+codegen_llvm_from_llvm_diag = {$message}
 
+codegen_llvm_from_llvm_optimization_diag = {$filename}:{$line}:{$column} {$pass_name} ({$kind}): {$message}
 codegen_llvm_invalid_minimum_alignment =
     invalid minimum global alignment: {$err}
 
-codegen_llvm_sanitizer_memtag_requires_mte =
-    `-Zsanitizer=memtag` requires `-Ctarget-feature=+mte`
-
-codegen_llvm_error_writing_def_file =
-    Error writing .DEF file: {$error}
+codegen_llvm_load_bitcode = failed to load bitcode of module "{$name}"
+codegen_llvm_load_bitcode_with_llvm_err = failed to load bitcode of module "{$name}": {$llvm_err}
 
-codegen_llvm_error_calling_dlltool =
-    Error calling dlltool '{$dlltool_path}': {$error}
+codegen_llvm_lto_bitcode_from_rlib = failed to get bitcode from object file for LTO ({$llvm_err})
 
-codegen_llvm_dlltool_fail_import_library =
-    Dlltool could not create import library: {$stdout}
-    {$stderr}
+codegen_llvm_lto_disallowed = lto can only be run for executables, cdylibs and static library outputs
 
-codegen_llvm_target_feature_disable_or_enable =
-    the target features {$features} must all be either enabled or disabled together
+codegen_llvm_lto_dylib = lto cannot be used for `dylib` crate type without `-Zdylib-lto`
 
 codegen_llvm_missing_features =
     add the missing features in a `target_feature` attribute
 
-codegen_llvm_dynamic_linking_with_lto =
-    cannot prefer dynamic linking when performing LTO
-    .note = only 'staticlib', 'bin', and 'cdylib' outputs are supported with LTO
+codegen_llvm_multiple_source_dicompileunit = multiple source DICompileUnits found
+codegen_llvm_multiple_source_dicompileunit_with_llvm_err = multiple source DICompileUnits found: {$llvm_err}
+
+codegen_llvm_parse_bitcode = failed to parse bitcode for LTO module
+codegen_llvm_parse_bitcode_with_llvm_err = failed to parse bitcode for LTO module: {$llvm_err}
 
 codegen_llvm_parse_target_machine_config =
     failed to parse target machine config to target machine: {$error}
 
-codegen_llvm_lto_disallowed = lto can only be run for executables, cdylibs and static library outputs
-
-codegen_llvm_lto_dylib = lto cannot be used for `dylib` crate type without `-Zdylib-lto`
-
-codegen_llvm_lto_bitcode_from_rlib = failed to get bitcode from object file for LTO ({$llvm_err})
-
-codegen_llvm_write_output = could not write output to {$path}
-codegen_llvm_write_output_with_llvm_err = could not write output to {$path}: {$llvm_err}
+codegen_llvm_prepare_thin_lto_context = failed to prepare thin LTO context
+codegen_llvm_prepare_thin_lto_context_with_llvm_err = failed to prepare thin LTO context: {$llvm_err}
 
-codegen_llvm_target_machine = could not create LLVM TargetMachine for triple: {$triple}
-codegen_llvm_target_machine_with_llvm_err = could not create LLVM TargetMachine for triple: {$triple}: {$llvm_err}
+codegen_llvm_prepare_thin_lto_module = failed to prepare thin LTO module
+codegen_llvm_prepare_thin_lto_module_with_llvm_err = failed to prepare thin LTO module: {$llvm_err}
 
 codegen_llvm_run_passes = failed to run LLVM passes
 codegen_llvm_run_passes_with_llvm_err = failed to run LLVM passes: {$llvm_err}
 
+codegen_llvm_sanitizer_memtag_requires_mte =
+    `-Zsanitizer=memtag` requires `-Ctarget-feature=+mte`
+
 codegen_llvm_serialize_module = failed to serialize module {$name}
 codegen_llvm_serialize_module_with_llvm_err = failed to serialize module {$name}: {$llvm_err}
 
-codegen_llvm_write_ir = failed to write LLVM IR to {$path}
-codegen_llvm_write_ir_with_llvm_err = failed to write LLVM IR to {$path}: {$llvm_err}
-
-codegen_llvm_prepare_thin_lto_context = failed to prepare thin LTO context
-codegen_llvm_prepare_thin_lto_context_with_llvm_err = failed to prepare thin LTO context: {$llvm_err}
+codegen_llvm_symbol_already_defined =
+    symbol `{$symbol_name}` is already defined
 
-codegen_llvm_load_bitcode = failed to load bitcode of module "{$name}"
-codegen_llvm_load_bitcode_with_llvm_err = failed to load bitcode of module "{$name}": {$llvm_err}
+codegen_llvm_target_feature_disable_or_enable =
+    the target features {$features} must all be either enabled or disabled together
 
-codegen_llvm_write_thinlto_key = error while writing ThinLTO key data: {$err}
-codegen_llvm_write_thinlto_key_with_llvm_err = error while writing ThinLTO key data: {$err}: {$llvm_err}
+codegen_llvm_target_machine = could not create LLVM TargetMachine for triple: {$triple}
+codegen_llvm_target_machine_with_llvm_err = could not create LLVM TargetMachine for triple: {$triple}: {$llvm_err}
 
-codegen_llvm_multiple_source_dicompileunit = multiple source DICompileUnits found
-codegen_llvm_multiple_source_dicompileunit_with_llvm_err = multiple source DICompileUnits found: {$llvm_err}
+codegen_llvm_unknown_ctarget_feature =
+    unknown feature specified for `-Ctarget-feature`: `{$feature}`
+    .note = it is still passed through to the codegen backend
+    .possible_feature = you might have meant: `{$rust_feature}`
+    .consider_filing_feature_request = consider filing a feature request
 
-codegen_llvm_prepare_thin_lto_module = failed to prepare thin LTO module
-codegen_llvm_prepare_thin_lto_module_with_llvm_err = failed to prepare thin LTO module: {$llvm_err}
+codegen_llvm_unknown_ctarget_feature_prefix =
+    unknown feature specified for `-Ctarget-feature`: `{$feature}`
+    .note = features must begin with a `+` to enable or `-` to disable it
 
-codegen_llvm_parse_bitcode = failed to parse bitcode for LTO module
-codegen_llvm_parse_bitcode_with_llvm_err = failed to parse bitcode for LTO module: {$llvm_err}
+codegen_llvm_write_bytecode = failed to write bytecode to {$path}: {$err}
 
-codegen_llvm_from_llvm_optimization_diag = {$filename}:{$line}:{$column} {$pass_name} ({$kind}): {$message}
-codegen_llvm_from_llvm_diag = {$message}
+codegen_llvm_write_ir = failed to write LLVM IR to {$path}
+codegen_llvm_write_ir_with_llvm_err = failed to write LLVM IR to {$path}: {$llvm_err}
 
-codegen_llvm_write_bytecode = failed to write bytecode to {$path}: {$err}
+codegen_llvm_write_output = could not write output to {$path}
+codegen_llvm_write_output_with_llvm_err = could not write output to {$path}: {$llvm_err}
 
-codegen_llvm_copy_bitcode = failed to copy bitcode to object file: {$err}
+codegen_llvm_write_thinlto_key = error while writing ThinLTO key data: {$err}
+codegen_llvm_write_thinlto_key_with_llvm_err = error while writing ThinLTO key data: {$err}: {$llvm_err}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/allocator.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/allocator.rs
index 668d9292705..a57508815d6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/allocator.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/allocator.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 use crate::attributes;
 use libc::c_uint;
-use rustc_ast::expand::allocator::{AllocatorKind, AllocatorTy, ALLOCATOR_METHODS};
+use rustc_ast::expand::allocator::{
+    alloc_error_handler_name, default_fn_name, global_fn_name, AllocatorKind, AllocatorTy,
+    ALLOCATOR_METHODS, NO_ALLOC_SHIM_IS_UNSTABLE,
+};
 use rustc_middle::bug;
 use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
 use rustc_session::config::{DebugInfo, OomStrategy};
-use rustc_span::symbol::sym;
 
 use crate::debuginfo;
 use crate::llvm::{self, False, True};
@@ -29,75 +31,78 @@ pub(crate) unsafe fn codegen(
     let i8p = llvm::LLVMPointerType(i8, 0);
     let void = llvm::LLVMVoidTypeInContext(llcx);
 
-    for method in ALLOCATOR_METHODS {
-        let mut args = Vec::with_capacity(method.inputs.len());
-        for ty in method.inputs.iter() {
-            match *ty {
-                AllocatorTy::Layout => {
-                    args.push(usize); // size
-                    args.push(usize); // align
+    if kind == AllocatorKind::Default {
+        for method in ALLOCATOR_METHODS {
+            let mut args = Vec::with_capacity(method.inputs.len());
+            for ty in method.inputs.iter() {
+                match *ty {
+                    AllocatorTy::Layout => {
+                        args.push(usize); // size
+                        args.push(usize); // align
+                    }
+                    AllocatorTy::Ptr => args.push(i8p),
+                    AllocatorTy::Usize => args.push(usize),
+
+                    AllocatorTy::ResultPtr | AllocatorTy::Unit => panic!("invalid allocator arg"),
                 }
-                AllocatorTy::Ptr => args.push(i8p),
-                AllocatorTy::Usize => args.push(usize),
-
-                AllocatorTy::ResultPtr | AllocatorTy::Unit => panic!("invalid allocator arg"),
             }
-        }
-        let output = match method.output {
-            AllocatorTy::ResultPtr => Some(i8p),
-            AllocatorTy::Unit => None,
+            let output = match method.output {
+                AllocatorTy::ResultPtr => Some(i8p),
+                AllocatorTy::Unit => None,
 
-            AllocatorTy::Layout | AllocatorTy::Usize | AllocatorTy::Ptr => {
-                panic!("invalid allocator output")
+                AllocatorTy::Layout | AllocatorTy::Usize | AllocatorTy::Ptr => {
+                    panic!("invalid allocator output")
+                }
+            };
+            let ty = llvm::LLVMFunctionType(
+                output.unwrap_or(void),
+                args.as_ptr(),
+                args.len() as c_uint,
+                False,
+            );
+            let name = global_fn_name(method.name);
+            let llfn =
+                llvm::LLVMRustGetOrInsertFunction(llmod, name.as_ptr().cast(), name.len(), ty);
+
+            if tcx.sess.target.default_hidden_visibility {
+                llvm::LLVMRustSetVisibility(llfn, llvm::Visibility::Hidden);
+            }
+            if tcx.sess.must_emit_unwind_tables() {
+                let uwtable = attributes::uwtable_attr(llcx);
+                attributes::apply_to_llfn(llfn, llvm::AttributePlace::Function, &[uwtable]);
             }
-        };
-        let ty = llvm::LLVMFunctionType(
-            output.unwrap_or(void),
-            args.as_ptr(),
-            args.len() as c_uint,
-            False,
-        );
-        let name = format!("__rust_{}", method.name);
-        let llfn = llvm::LLVMRustGetOrInsertFunction(llmod, name.as_ptr().cast(), name.len(), ty);
-
-        if tcx.sess.target.default_hidden_visibility {
-            llvm::LLVMRustSetVisibility(llfn, llvm::Visibility::Hidden);
-        }
-        if tcx.sess.must_emit_unwind_tables() {
-            let uwtable = attributes::uwtable_attr(llcx);
-            attributes::apply_to_llfn(llfn, llvm::AttributePlace::Function, &[uwtable]);
-        }
 
-        let callee = kind.fn_name(method.name);
-        let callee =
-            llvm::LLVMRustGetOrInsertFunction(llmod, callee.as_ptr().cast(), callee.len(), ty);
-        llvm::LLVMRustSetVisibility(callee, llvm::Visibility::Hidden);
-
-        let llbb = llvm::LLVMAppendBasicBlockInContext(llcx, llfn, "entry\0".as_ptr().cast());
-
-        let llbuilder = llvm::LLVMCreateBuilderInContext(llcx);
-        llvm::LLVMPositionBuilderAtEnd(llbuilder, llbb);
-        let args = args
-            .iter()
-            .enumerate()
-            .map(|(i, _)| llvm::LLVMGetParam(llfn, i as c_uint))
-            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        let ret = llvm::LLVMRustBuildCall(
-            llbuilder,
-            ty,
-            callee,
-            args.as_ptr(),
-            args.len() as c_uint,
-            [].as_ptr(),
-            0 as c_uint,
-        );
-        llvm::LLVMSetTailCall(ret, True);
-        if output.is_some() {
-            llvm::LLVMBuildRet(llbuilder, ret);
-        } else {
-            llvm::LLVMBuildRetVoid(llbuilder);
+            let callee = default_fn_name(method.name);
+            let callee =
+                llvm::LLVMRustGetOrInsertFunction(llmod, callee.as_ptr().cast(), callee.len(), ty);
+            llvm::LLVMRustSetVisibility(callee, llvm::Visibility::Hidden);
+
+            let llbb = llvm::LLVMAppendBasicBlockInContext(llcx, llfn, "entry\0".as_ptr().cast());
+
+            let llbuilder = llvm::LLVMCreateBuilderInContext(llcx);
+            llvm::LLVMPositionBuilderAtEnd(llbuilder, llbb);
+            let args = args
+                .iter()
+                .enumerate()
+                .map(|(i, _)| llvm::LLVMGetParam(llfn, i as c_uint))
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+            let ret = llvm::LLVMRustBuildCall(
+                llbuilder,
+                ty,
+                callee,
+                args.as_ptr(),
+                args.len() as c_uint,
+                [].as_ptr(),
+                0 as c_uint,
+            );
+            llvm::LLVMSetTailCall(ret, True);
+            if output.is_some() {
+                llvm::LLVMBuildRet(llbuilder, ret);
+            } else {
+                llvm::LLVMBuildRetVoid(llbuilder);
+            }
+            llvm::LLVMDisposeBuilder(llbuilder);
         }
-        llvm::LLVMDisposeBuilder(llbuilder);
     }
 
     // rust alloc error handler
@@ -118,7 +123,7 @@ pub(crate) unsafe fn codegen(
         attributes::apply_to_llfn(llfn, llvm::AttributePlace::Function, &[uwtable]);
     }
 
-    let callee = alloc_error_handler_kind.fn_name(sym::oom);
+    let callee = alloc_error_handler_name(alloc_error_handler_kind);
     let callee = llvm::LLVMRustGetOrInsertFunction(llmod, callee.as_ptr().cast(), callee.len(), ty);
     // -> ! DIFlagNoReturn
     attributes::apply_to_llfn(callee, llvm::AttributePlace::Function, &[no_return]);
@@ -156,6 +161,14 @@ pub(crate) unsafe fn codegen(
     let llval = llvm::LLVMConstInt(i8, val as u64, False);
     llvm::LLVMSetInitializer(ll_g, llval);
 
+    let name = NO_ALLOC_SHIM_IS_UNSTABLE;
+    let ll_g = llvm::LLVMRustGetOrInsertGlobal(llmod, name.as_ptr().cast(), name.len(), i8);
+    if tcx.sess.target.default_hidden_visibility {
+        llvm::LLVMRustSetVisibility(ll_g, llvm::Visibility::Hidden);
+    }
+    let llval = llvm::LLVMConstInt(i8, 0, False);
+    llvm::LLVMSetInitializer(ll_g, llval);
+
     if tcx.sess.opts.debuginfo != DebugInfo::None {
         let dbg_cx = debuginfo::CodegenUnitDebugContext::new(llmod);
         debuginfo::metadata::build_compile_unit_di_node(tcx, module_name, &dbg_cx);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/attributes.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/attributes.rs
index 651d644ebb6..6d00464e0a0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/attributes.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/attributes.rs
@@ -88,6 +88,9 @@ pub fn sanitize_attrs<'ll>(
 
         attrs.push(llvm::AttributeKind::SanitizeMemTag.create_attr(cx.llcx));
     }
+    if enabled.contains(SanitizerSet::SAFESTACK) {
+        attrs.push(llvm::AttributeKind::SanitizeSafeStack.create_attr(cx.llcx));
+    }
     attrs
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/lto.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/lto.rs
index d2e01708a37..604f68eb6a4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/lto.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/back/lto.rs
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ use std::fs::File;
 use std::io;
 use std::iter;
 use std::path::Path;
-use std::ptr;
 use std::slice;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
@@ -709,17 +708,6 @@ pub unsafe fn optimize_thin_module(
         let llmod = module.module_llvm.llmod();
         save_temp_bitcode(cgcx, &module, "thin-lto-input");
 
-        // Before we do much else find the "main" `DICompileUnit` that we'll be
-        // using below. If we find more than one though then rustc has changed
-        // in a way we're not ready for, so generate an ICE by returning
-        // an error.
-        let mut cu1 = ptr::null_mut();
-        let mut cu2 = ptr::null_mut();
-        llvm::LLVMRustThinLTOGetDICompileUnit(llmod, &mut cu1, &mut cu2);
-        if !cu2.is_null() {
-            return Err(write::llvm_err(&diag_handler, LlvmError::MultipleSourceDiCompileUnit));
-        }
-
         // Up next comes the per-module local analyses that we do for Thin LTO.
         // Each of these functions is basically copied from the LLVM
         // implementation and then tailored to suit this implementation. Ideally
@@ -766,43 +754,6 @@ pub unsafe fn optimize_thin_module(
             save_temp_bitcode(cgcx, &module, "thin-lto-after-import");
         }
 
-        // Ok now this is a bit unfortunate. This is also something you won't
-        // find upstream in LLVM's ThinLTO passes! This is a hack for now to
-        // work around bugs in LLVM.
-        //
-        // First discovered in #45511 it was found that as part of ThinLTO
-        // importing passes LLVM will import `DICompileUnit` metadata
-        // information across modules. This means that we'll be working with one
-        // LLVM module that has multiple `DICompileUnit` instances in it (a
-        // bunch of `llvm.dbg.cu` members). Unfortunately there's a number of
-        // bugs in LLVM's backend which generates invalid DWARF in a situation
-        // like this:
-        //
-        //  https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=35212
-        //  https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=35562
-        //
-        // While the first bug there is fixed the second ended up causing #46346
-        // which was basically a resurgence of #45511 after LLVM's bug 35212 was
-        // fixed.
-        //
-        // This function below is a huge hack around this problem. The function
-        // below is defined in `PassWrapper.cpp` and will basically "merge"
-        // all `DICompileUnit` instances in a module. Basically it'll take all
-        // the objects, rewrite all pointers of `DISubprogram` to point to the
-        // first `DICompileUnit`, and then delete all the other units.
-        //
-        // This is probably mangling to the debug info slightly (but hopefully
-        // not too much) but for now at least gets LLVM to emit valid DWARF (or
-        // so it appears). Hopefully we can remove this once upstream bugs are
-        // fixed in LLVM.
-        {
-            let _timer = cgcx
-                .prof
-                .generic_activity_with_arg("LLVM_thin_lto_patch_debuginfo", thin_module.name());
-            llvm::LLVMRustThinLTOPatchDICompileUnit(llmod, cu1);
-            save_temp_bitcode(cgcx, &module, "thin-lto-after-patch");
-        }
-
         // Alright now that we've done everything related to the ThinLTO
         // analysis it's time to run some optimizations! Here we use the same
         // `run_pass_manager` as the "fat" LTO above except that we tell it to
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/builder.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/builder.rs
index 4d0bcd53d15..5968e70b1cc 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/builder.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/builder.rs
@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ impl<'a, 'll, 'tcx> BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx> for Builder<'a, 'll, 'tcx> {
         assert_eq!(place.llextra.is_some(), place.layout.is_unsized());
 
         if place.layout.is_zst() {
-            return OperandRef::new_zst(self, place.layout);
+            return OperandRef::zero_sized(place.layout);
         }
 
         #[instrument(level = "trace", skip(bx))]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/callee.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/callee.rs
index 30a0cf1d019..4b9ca2e7d19 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/callee.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/callee.rs
@@ -94,11 +94,11 @@ pub fn get_fn<'ll, 'tcx>(cx: &CodegenCx<'ll, 'tcx>, instance: Instance<'tcx>) ->
             // LLVM will prefix the name with `__imp_`. Ideally, we'd like the
             // existing logic below to set the Storage Class, but it has an
             // exemption for MinGW for backwards compatability.
-            let llfn = cx.declare_fn(&common::i686_decorated_name(&dllimport, common::is_mingw_gnu_toolchain(&tcx.sess.target), true), fn_abi);
+            let llfn = cx.declare_fn(&common::i686_decorated_name(&dllimport, common::is_mingw_gnu_toolchain(&tcx.sess.target), true), fn_abi, Some(instance));
             unsafe { llvm::LLVMSetDLLStorageClass(llfn, llvm::DLLStorageClass::DllImport); }
             llfn
         } else {
-            cx.declare_fn(sym, fn_abi)
+            cx.declare_fn(sym, fn_abi, Some(instance))
         };
         debug!("get_fn: not casting pointer!");
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/common.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/common.rs
index 9127fba388b..a3910fef954 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/common.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/common.rs
@@ -8,16 +8,15 @@ use crate::type_of::LayoutLlvmExt;
 use crate::value::Value;
 
 use rustc_ast::Mutability;
-use rustc_codegen_ssa::mir::place::PlaceRef;
 use rustc_codegen_ssa::traits::*;
 use rustc_data_structures::stable_hasher::{Hash128, HashStable, StableHasher};
 use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc_middle::bug;
 use rustc_middle::mir::interpret::{ConstAllocation, GlobalAlloc, Scalar};
-use rustc_middle::ty::layout::{LayoutOf, TyAndLayout};
+use rustc_middle::ty::layout::LayoutOf;
 use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
 use rustc_session::cstore::{DllCallingConvention, DllImport, PeImportNameType};
-use rustc_target::abi::{self, AddressSpace, HasDataLayout, Pointer, Size};
+use rustc_target::abi::{self, AddressSpace, HasDataLayout, Pointer};
 use rustc_target::spec::Target;
 
 use libc::{c_char, c_uint};
@@ -307,38 +306,24 @@ impl<'ll, 'tcx> ConstMethods<'tcx> for CodegenCx<'ll, 'tcx> {
         const_alloc_to_llvm(self, alloc)
     }
 
-    fn from_const_alloc(
-        &self,
-        layout: TyAndLayout<'tcx>,
-        alloc: ConstAllocation<'tcx>,
-        offset: Size,
-    ) -> PlaceRef<'tcx, &'ll Value> {
-        let alloc_align = alloc.inner().align;
-        assert_eq!(alloc_align, layout.align.abi);
-        let llty = self.type_ptr_to(layout.llvm_type(self));
-        let llval = if layout.size == Size::ZERO {
-            let llval = self.const_usize(alloc_align.bytes());
-            unsafe { llvm::LLVMConstIntToPtr(llval, llty) }
-        } else {
-            let init = const_alloc_to_llvm(self, alloc);
-            let base_addr = self.static_addr_of(init, alloc_align, None);
-
-            let llval = unsafe {
-                llvm::LLVMRustConstInBoundsGEP2(
-                    self.type_i8(),
-                    self.const_bitcast(base_addr, self.type_i8p()),
-                    &self.const_usize(offset.bytes()),
-                    1,
-                )
-            };
-            self.const_bitcast(llval, llty)
-        };
-        PlaceRef::new_sized(llval, layout)
-    }
-
     fn const_ptrcast(&self, val: &'ll Value, ty: &'ll Type) -> &'ll Value {
         consts::ptrcast(val, ty)
     }
+
+    fn const_bitcast(&self, val: &'ll Value, ty: &'ll Type) -> &'ll Value {
+        self.const_bitcast(val, ty)
+    }
+
+    fn const_ptr_byte_offset(&self, base_addr: Self::Value, offset: abi::Size) -> Self::Value {
+        unsafe {
+            llvm::LLVMRustConstInBoundsGEP2(
+                self.type_i8(),
+                self.const_bitcast(base_addr, self.type_i8p()),
+                &self.const_usize(offset.bytes()),
+                1,
+            )
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 /// Get the [LLVM type][Type] of a [`Value`].
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/coverageinfo/mapgen.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/coverageinfo/mapgen.rs
index 240a9d2f371..21a1ac34844 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/coverageinfo/mapgen.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/coverageinfo/mapgen.rs
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ impl CoverageMapGenerator {
         counter_regions.sort_unstable_by_key(|(_counter, region)| *region);
         for (counter, region) in counter_regions {
             let CodeRegion { file_name, start_line, start_col, end_line, end_col } = *region;
-            let same_file = current_file_name.map_or(false, |p| p == file_name);
+            let same_file = current_file_name.is_some_and(|p| p == file_name);
             if !same_file {
                 if current_file_name.is_some() {
                     current_file_id += 1;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/coverageinfo/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/coverageinfo/mod.rs
index 3dc0ac03312..cd261293e9b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/coverageinfo/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/coverageinfo/mod.rs
@@ -207,6 +207,7 @@ fn declare_unused_fn<'tcx>(cx: &CodegenCx<'_, 'tcx>, def_id: DefId) -> Instance<
             )),
             ty::List::empty(),
         ),
+        None,
     );
 
     llvm::set_linkage(llfn, llvm::Linkage::PrivateLinkage);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/create_scope_map.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/create_scope_map.rs
index 3fff112a020..64961baf272 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/create_scope_map.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/create_scope_map.rs
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ fn make_mir_scope<'ll, 'tcx>(
             let callee = cx.tcx.subst_and_normalize_erasing_regions(
                 instance.substs,
                 ty::ParamEnv::reveal_all(),
-                ty::EarlyBinder(callee),
+                ty::EarlyBinder::bind(callee),
             );
             let callee_fn_abi = cx.fn_abi_of_instance(callee, ty::List::empty());
             cx.dbg_scope_fn(callee, callee_fn_abi, None)
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/gdb.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/gdb.rs
index aaf5dbd9930..37f30917609 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/gdb.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/gdb.rs
@@ -9,10 +9,9 @@ use rustc_ast::attr;
 use rustc_codegen_ssa::base::collect_debugger_visualizers_transitive;
 use rustc_codegen_ssa::traits::*;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::LOCAL_CRATE;
-use rustc_middle::bug;
+use rustc_middle::{bug, middle::debugger_visualizer::DebuggerVisualizerType};
 use rustc_session::config::{CrateType, DebugInfo};
 use rustc_span::symbol::sym;
-use rustc_span::DebuggerVisualizerType;
 
 /// Inserts a side-effect free instruction sequence that makes sure that the
 /// .debug_gdb_scripts global is referenced, so it isn't removed by the linker.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/metadata.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/metadata.rs
index 25fe3cb265d..bd2fba12602 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/metadata.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/debuginfo/metadata.rs
@@ -806,8 +806,7 @@ pub fn build_compile_unit_di_node<'ll, 'tcx>(
     name_in_debuginfo.push(codegen_unit_name);
 
     debug!("build_compile_unit_di_node: {:?}", name_in_debuginfo);
-    let rustc_producer =
-        format!("rustc version {}", option_env!("CFG_VERSION").expect("CFG_VERSION"),);
+    let rustc_producer = format!("rustc version {}", tcx.sess.cfg_version);
     // FIXME(#41252) Remove "clang LLVM" if we can get GDB and LLVM to play nice.
     let producer = format!("clang LLVM ({})", rustc_producer);
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/declare.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/declare.rs
index cc2a5d158be..164b12cf8d4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/declare.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/declare.rs
@@ -19,8 +19,11 @@ use crate::llvm::AttributePlace::Function;
 use crate::type_::Type;
 use crate::value::Value;
 use rustc_codegen_ssa::traits::TypeMembershipMethods;
-use rustc_middle::ty::Ty;
-use rustc_symbol_mangling::typeid::{kcfi_typeid_for_fnabi, typeid_for_fnabi, TypeIdOptions};
+use rustc_middle::ty::{Instance, Ty};
+use rustc_symbol_mangling::typeid::{
+    kcfi_typeid_for_fnabi, kcfi_typeid_for_instance, typeid_for_fnabi, typeid_for_instance,
+    TypeIdOptions,
+};
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
 
 /// Declare a function.
@@ -116,7 +119,12 @@ impl<'ll, 'tcx> CodegenCx<'ll, 'tcx> {
     ///
     /// If there’s a value with the same name already declared, the function will
     /// update the declaration and return existing Value instead.
-    pub fn declare_fn(&self, name: &str, fn_abi: &FnAbi<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>>) -> &'ll Value {
+    pub fn declare_fn(
+        &self,
+        name: &str,
+        fn_abi: &FnAbi<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>>,
+        instance: Option<Instance<'tcx>>,
+    ) -> &'ll Value {
         debug!("declare_rust_fn(name={:?}, fn_abi={:?})", name, fn_abi);
 
         // Function addresses in Rust are never significant, allowing functions to
@@ -132,18 +140,35 @@ impl<'ll, 'tcx> CodegenCx<'ll, 'tcx> {
         fn_abi.apply_attrs_llfn(self, llfn);
 
         if self.tcx.sess.is_sanitizer_cfi_enabled() {
-            let typeid = typeid_for_fnabi(self.tcx, fn_abi, TypeIdOptions::empty());
-            self.set_type_metadata(llfn, typeid);
-            let typeid = typeid_for_fnabi(self.tcx, fn_abi, TypeIdOptions::GENERALIZE_POINTERS);
-            self.add_type_metadata(llfn, typeid);
-            let typeid = typeid_for_fnabi(self.tcx, fn_abi, TypeIdOptions::NORMALIZE_INTEGERS);
-            self.add_type_metadata(llfn, typeid);
-            let typeid = typeid_for_fnabi(
-                self.tcx,
-                fn_abi,
-                TypeIdOptions::GENERALIZE_POINTERS | TypeIdOptions::NORMALIZE_INTEGERS,
-            );
-            self.add_type_metadata(llfn, typeid);
+            if let Some(instance) = instance {
+                let typeid = typeid_for_instance(self.tcx, &instance, TypeIdOptions::empty());
+                self.set_type_metadata(llfn, typeid);
+                let typeid =
+                    typeid_for_instance(self.tcx, &instance, TypeIdOptions::GENERALIZE_POINTERS);
+                self.add_type_metadata(llfn, typeid);
+                let typeid =
+                    typeid_for_instance(self.tcx, &instance, TypeIdOptions::NORMALIZE_INTEGERS);
+                self.add_type_metadata(llfn, typeid);
+                let typeid = typeid_for_instance(
+                    self.tcx,
+                    &instance,
+                    TypeIdOptions::GENERALIZE_POINTERS | TypeIdOptions::NORMALIZE_INTEGERS,
+                );
+                self.add_type_metadata(llfn, typeid);
+            } else {
+                let typeid = typeid_for_fnabi(self.tcx, fn_abi, TypeIdOptions::empty());
+                self.set_type_metadata(llfn, typeid);
+                let typeid = typeid_for_fnabi(self.tcx, fn_abi, TypeIdOptions::GENERALIZE_POINTERS);
+                self.add_type_metadata(llfn, typeid);
+                let typeid = typeid_for_fnabi(self.tcx, fn_abi, TypeIdOptions::NORMALIZE_INTEGERS);
+                self.add_type_metadata(llfn, typeid);
+                let typeid = typeid_for_fnabi(
+                    self.tcx,
+                    fn_abi,
+                    TypeIdOptions::GENERALIZE_POINTERS | TypeIdOptions::NORMALIZE_INTEGERS,
+                );
+                self.add_type_metadata(llfn, typeid);
+            }
         }
 
         if self.tcx.sess.is_sanitizer_kcfi_enabled() {
@@ -156,8 +181,13 @@ impl<'ll, 'tcx> CodegenCx<'ll, 'tcx> {
                 options.insert(TypeIdOptions::NORMALIZE_INTEGERS);
             }
 
-            let kcfi_typeid = kcfi_typeid_for_fnabi(self.tcx, fn_abi, options);
-            self.set_kcfi_type_metadata(llfn, kcfi_typeid);
+            if let Some(instance) = instance {
+                let kcfi_typeid = kcfi_typeid_for_instance(self.tcx, &instance, options);
+                self.set_kcfi_type_metadata(llfn, kcfi_typeid);
+            } else {
+                let kcfi_typeid = kcfi_typeid_for_fnabi(self.tcx, fn_abi, options);
+                self.set_kcfi_type_metadata(llfn, kcfi_typeid);
+            }
         }
 
         llfn
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/intrinsic.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/intrinsic.rs
index 00d1796f210..4e28034a850 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/intrinsic.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/intrinsic.rs
@@ -772,7 +772,7 @@ fn gen_fn<'ll, 'tcx>(
 ) -> (&'ll Type, &'ll Value) {
     let fn_abi = cx.fn_abi_of_fn_ptr(rust_fn_sig, ty::List::empty());
     let llty = fn_abi.llvm_type(cx);
-    let llfn = cx.declare_fn(name, fn_abi);
+    let llfn = cx.declare_fn(name, fn_abi, None);
     cx.set_frame_pointer_type(llfn);
     cx.apply_target_cpu_attr(llfn);
     // FIXME(eddyb) find a nicer way to do this.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/lib.rs
index 8305a0a4c28..805843e5863 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/lib.rs
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #![feature(iter_intersperse)]
 #![feature(let_chains)]
 #![feature(never_type)]
+#![feature(impl_trait_in_assoc_type)]
 #![recursion_limit = "256"]
 #![allow(rustc::potential_query_instability)]
 #![deny(rustc::untranslatable_diagnostic)]
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ use rustc_errors::{DiagnosticMessage, ErrorGuaranteed, FatalError, Handler, Subd
 use rustc_fluent_macro::fluent_messages;
 use rustc_metadata::EncodedMetadata;
 use rustc_middle::dep_graph::{WorkProduct, WorkProductId};
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
 use rustc_session::config::{OptLevel, OutputFilenames, PrintRequest};
 use rustc_session::Session;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm/ffi.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm/ffi.rs
index aefd5b2a13c..6ef3418cc5f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm/ffi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm/ffi.rs
@@ -196,6 +196,7 @@ pub enum AttributeKind {
     AllocSize = 37,
     AllocatedPointer = 38,
     AllocAlign = 39,
+    SanitizeSafeStack = 40,
 }
 
 /// LLVMIntPredicate
@@ -2484,12 +2485,6 @@ extern "C" {
         len: usize,
         out_len: &mut usize,
     ) -> *const u8;
-    pub fn LLVMRustThinLTOGetDICompileUnit(
-        M: &Module,
-        CU1: &mut *mut c_void,
-        CU2: &mut *mut c_void,
-    );
-    pub fn LLVMRustThinLTOPatchDICompileUnit(M: &Module, CU: *mut c_void);
 
     pub fn LLVMRustLinkerNew(M: &Module) -> &mut Linker<'_>;
     pub fn LLVMRustLinkerAdd(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm_util.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm_util.rs
index 2fbdab9f8ce..03be0654b50 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm_util.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm_util.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ use rustc_session::config::PrintRequest;
 use rustc_session::Session;
 use rustc_span::symbol::Symbol;
 use rustc_target::spec::{MergeFunctions, PanicStrategy};
-use smallvec::{smallvec, SmallVec};
 use std::ffi::{CStr, CString};
 
 use std::path::Path;
@@ -132,6 +131,60 @@ pub fn time_trace_profiler_finish(file_name: &Path) {
     }
 }
 
+pub enum TargetFeatureFoldStrength<'a> {
+    // The feature is only tied when enabling the feature, disabling
+    // this feature shouldn't disable the tied feature.
+    EnableOnly(&'a str),
+    // The feature is tied for both enabling and disabling this feature.
+    Both(&'a str),
+}
+
+impl<'a> TargetFeatureFoldStrength<'a> {
+    fn as_str(&self) -> &'a str {
+        match self {
+            TargetFeatureFoldStrength::EnableOnly(feat) => feat,
+            TargetFeatureFoldStrength::Both(feat) => feat,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct LLVMFeature<'a> {
+    pub llvm_feature_name: &'a str,
+    pub dependency: Option<TargetFeatureFoldStrength<'a>>,
+}
+
+impl<'a> LLVMFeature<'a> {
+    pub fn new(llvm_feature_name: &'a str) -> Self {
+        Self { llvm_feature_name, dependency: None }
+    }
+
+    pub fn with_dependency(
+        llvm_feature_name: &'a str,
+        dependency: TargetFeatureFoldStrength<'a>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self { llvm_feature_name, dependency: Some(dependency) }
+    }
+
+    pub fn contains(&self, feat: &str) -> bool {
+        self.iter().any(|dep| dep == feat)
+    }
+
+    pub fn iter(&'a self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &'a str> {
+        let dependencies = self.dependency.iter().map(|feat| feat.as_str());
+        std::iter::once(self.llvm_feature_name).chain(dependencies)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> IntoIterator for LLVMFeature<'a> {
+    type Item = &'a str;
+    type IntoIter = impl Iterator<Item = &'a str>;
+
+    fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter {
+        let dependencies = self.dependency.into_iter().map(|feat| feat.as_str());
+        std::iter::once(self.llvm_feature_name).chain(dependencies)
+    }
+}
+
 // WARNING: the features after applying `to_llvm_features` must be known
 // to LLVM or the feature detection code will walk past the end of the feature
 // array, leading to crashes.
@@ -147,42 +200,65 @@ pub fn time_trace_profiler_finish(file_name: &Path) {
 // Though note that Rust can also be build with an external precompiled version of LLVM
 // which might lead to failures if the oldest tested / supported LLVM version
 // doesn't yet support the relevant intrinsics
-pub fn to_llvm_features<'a>(sess: &Session, s: &'a str) -> SmallVec<[&'a str; 2]> {
+pub fn to_llvm_features<'a>(sess: &Session, s: &'a str) -> LLVMFeature<'a> {
     let arch = if sess.target.arch == "x86_64" { "x86" } else { &*sess.target.arch };
     match (arch, s) {
-        ("x86", "sse4.2") => smallvec!["sse4.2", "crc32"],
-        ("x86", "pclmulqdq") => smallvec!["pclmul"],
-        ("x86", "rdrand") => smallvec!["rdrnd"],
-        ("x86", "bmi1") => smallvec!["bmi"],
-        ("x86", "cmpxchg16b") => smallvec!["cx16"],
-        // FIXME: These aliases are misleading, and should be removed before avx512_target_feature is
-        // stabilized. They must remain until std::arch switches off them.
-        // rust#100752
-        ("x86", "avx512vaes") => smallvec!["vaes"],
-        ("x86", "avx512gfni") => smallvec!["gfni"],
-        ("x86", "avx512vpclmulqdq") => smallvec!["vpclmulqdq"],
-        ("aarch64", "rcpc2") => smallvec!["rcpc-immo"],
-        ("aarch64", "dpb") => smallvec!["ccpp"],
-        ("aarch64", "dpb2") => smallvec!["ccdp"],
-        ("aarch64", "frintts") => smallvec!["fptoint"],
-        ("aarch64", "fcma") => smallvec!["complxnum"],
-        ("aarch64", "pmuv3") => smallvec!["perfmon"],
-        ("aarch64", "paca") => smallvec!["pauth"],
-        ("aarch64", "pacg") => smallvec!["pauth"],
-        // Rust ties fp and neon together. In LLVM neon implicitly enables fp,
-        // but we manually enable neon when a feature only implicitly enables fp
-        ("aarch64", "f32mm") => smallvec!["f32mm", "neon"],
-        ("aarch64", "f64mm") => smallvec!["f64mm", "neon"],
-        ("aarch64", "fhm") => smallvec!["fp16fml", "neon"],
-        ("aarch64", "fp16") => smallvec!["fullfp16", "neon"],
-        ("aarch64", "jsconv") => smallvec!["jsconv", "neon"],
-        ("aarch64", "sve") => smallvec!["sve", "neon"],
-        ("aarch64", "sve2") => smallvec!["sve2", "neon"],
-        ("aarch64", "sve2-aes") => smallvec!["sve2-aes", "neon"],
-        ("aarch64", "sve2-sm4") => smallvec!["sve2-sm4", "neon"],
-        ("aarch64", "sve2-sha3") => smallvec!["sve2-sha3", "neon"],
-        ("aarch64", "sve2-bitperm") => smallvec!["sve2-bitperm", "neon"],
-        (_, s) => smallvec![s],
+        ("x86", "sse4.2") => {
+            LLVMFeature::with_dependency("sse4.2", TargetFeatureFoldStrength::EnableOnly("crc32"))
+        }
+        ("x86", "pclmulqdq") => LLVMFeature::new("pclmul"),
+        ("x86", "rdrand") => LLVMFeature::new("rdrnd"),
+        ("x86", "bmi1") => LLVMFeature::new("bmi"),
+        ("x86", "cmpxchg16b") => LLVMFeature::new("cx16"),
+        ("aarch64", "rcpc2") => LLVMFeature::new("rcpc-immo"),
+        ("aarch64", "dpb") => LLVMFeature::new("ccpp"),
+        ("aarch64", "dpb2") => LLVMFeature::new("ccdp"),
+        ("aarch64", "frintts") => LLVMFeature::new("fptoint"),
+        ("aarch64", "fcma") => LLVMFeature::new("complxnum"),
+        ("aarch64", "pmuv3") => LLVMFeature::new("perfmon"),
+        ("aarch64", "paca") => LLVMFeature::new("pauth"),
+        ("aarch64", "pacg") => LLVMFeature::new("pauth"),
+        // Rust ties fp and neon together.
+        ("aarch64", "neon") => {
+            LLVMFeature::with_dependency("neon", TargetFeatureFoldStrength::Both("fp-armv8"))
+        }
+        // In LLVM neon implicitly enables fp, but we manually enable
+        // neon when a feature only implicitly enables fp
+        ("aarch64", "f32mm") => {
+            LLVMFeature::with_dependency("f32mm", TargetFeatureFoldStrength::EnableOnly("neon"))
+        }
+        ("aarch64", "f64mm") => {
+            LLVMFeature::with_dependency("f64mm", TargetFeatureFoldStrength::EnableOnly("neon"))
+        }
+        ("aarch64", "fhm") => {
+            LLVMFeature::with_dependency("fp16fml", TargetFeatureFoldStrength::EnableOnly("neon"))
+        }
+        ("aarch64", "fp16") => {
+            LLVMFeature::with_dependency("fullfp16", TargetFeatureFoldStrength::EnableOnly("neon"))
+        }
+        ("aarch64", "jsconv") => {
+            LLVMFeature::with_dependency("jsconv", TargetFeatureFoldStrength::EnableOnly("neon"))
+        }
+        ("aarch64", "sve") => {
+            LLVMFeature::with_dependency("sve", TargetFeatureFoldStrength::EnableOnly("neon"))
+        }
+        ("aarch64", "sve2") => {
+            LLVMFeature::with_dependency("sve2", TargetFeatureFoldStrength::EnableOnly("neon"))
+        }
+        ("aarch64", "sve2-aes") => {
+            LLVMFeature::with_dependency("sve2-aes", TargetFeatureFoldStrength::EnableOnly("neon"))
+        }
+        ("aarch64", "sve2-sm4") => {
+            LLVMFeature::with_dependency("sve2-sm4", TargetFeatureFoldStrength::EnableOnly("neon"))
+        }
+        ("aarch64", "sve2-sha3") => {
+            LLVMFeature::with_dependency("sve2-sha3", TargetFeatureFoldStrength::EnableOnly("neon"))
+        }
+        ("aarch64", "sve2-bitperm") => LLVMFeature::with_dependency(
+            "sve2-bitperm",
+            TargetFeatureFoldStrength::EnableOnly("neon"),
+        ),
+        (_, s) => LLVMFeature::new(s),
     }
 }
 
@@ -280,18 +356,17 @@ fn print_target_features(sess: &Session, tm: &llvm::TargetMachine) {
     let mut rustc_target_features = supported_target_features(sess)
         .iter()
         .map(|(feature, _gate)| {
-            let desc = if let Some(llvm_feature) = to_llvm_features(sess, *feature).first() {
-                // LLVM asserts that these are sorted. LLVM and Rust both use byte comparison for these strings.
+            // LLVM asserts that these are sorted. LLVM and Rust both use byte comparison for these strings.
+            let llvm_feature = to_llvm_features(sess, *feature).llvm_feature_name;
+            let desc =
                 match llvm_target_features.binary_search_by_key(&llvm_feature, |(f, _d)| f).ok() {
                     Some(index) => {
                         known_llvm_target_features.insert(llvm_feature);
                         llvm_target_features[index].1
                     }
                     None => "",
-                }
-            } else {
-                ""
-            };
+                };
+
             (*feature, desc)
         })
         .collect::<Vec<_>>();
@@ -475,10 +550,19 @@ pub(crate) fn global_llvm_features(sess: &Session, diagnostics: bool) -> Vec<Str
             // passing requests down to LLVM. This means that all in-language
             // features also work on the command line instead of having two
             // different names when the LLVM name and the Rust name differ.
+            let llvm_feature = to_llvm_features(sess, feature);
+
             Some(
-                to_llvm_features(sess, feature)
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .map(move |f| format!("{}{}", enable_disable, f)),
+                std::iter::once(format!("{}{}", enable_disable, llvm_feature.llvm_feature_name))
+                    .chain(llvm_feature.dependency.into_iter().filter_map(move |feat| {
+                        match (enable_disable, feat) {
+                            ('-' | '+', TargetFeatureFoldStrength::Both(f))
+                            | ('+', TargetFeatureFoldStrength::EnableOnly(f)) => {
+                                Some(format!("{}{}", enable_disable, f))
+                            }
+                            _ => None,
+                        }
+                    })),
             )
         })
         .flatten();
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/mono_item.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/mono_item.rs
index 59bdc60830f..c24854b27a0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/mono_item.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/mono_item.rs
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ impl<'tcx> PreDefineMethods<'tcx> for CodegenCx<'_, 'tcx> {
         assert!(!instance.substs.has_infer());
 
         let fn_abi = self.fn_abi_of_instance(instance, ty::List::empty());
-        let lldecl = self.declare_fn(symbol_name, fn_abi);
+        let lldecl = self.declare_fn(symbol_name, fn_abi, Some(instance));
         unsafe { llvm::LLVMRustSetLinkage(lldecl, base::linkage_to_llvm(linkage)) };
         let attrs = self.tcx.codegen_fn_attrs(instance.def_id());
         base::set_link_section(lldecl, attrs);
@@ -125,8 +125,7 @@ impl CodegenCx<'_, '_> {
 
         // Thread-local variables generally don't support copy relocations.
         let is_thread_local_var = llvm::LLVMIsAGlobalVariable(llval)
-            .map(|v| llvm::LLVMIsThreadLocal(v) == llvm::True)
-            .unwrap_or(false);
+            .is_some_and(|v| llvm::LLVMIsThreadLocal(v) == llvm::True);
         if is_thread_local_var {
             return false;
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/type_of.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/type_of.rs
index e264ce78f0d..a493c9c0548 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/type_of.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/type_of.rs
@@ -198,8 +198,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LayoutLlvmExt<'tcx> for TyAndLayout<'tcx> {
     fn is_llvm_immediate(&self) -> bool {
         match self.abi {
             Abi::Scalar(_) | Abi::Vector { .. } => true,
-            Abi::ScalarPair(..) => false,
-            Abi::Uninhabited | Abi::Aggregate { .. } => self.is_zst(),
+            Abi::ScalarPair(..) | Abi::Uninhabited | Abi::Aggregate { .. } => false,
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/Cargo.toml b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/Cargo.toml
index 4f73b731f5a..0ac12d32be5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/Cargo.toml
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/Cargo.toml
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ itertools = "0.10.1"
 tracing = "0.1"
 jobserver = "0.1.22"
 tempfile = "3.2"
-thorin-dwp = "0.4"
+thorin-dwp = "0.6"
 pathdiff = "0.2.0"
 serde_json = "1.0.59"
 snap = "1"
@@ -46,10 +46,10 @@ rustc_session = { path = "../rustc_session" }
 libc = "0.2.50"
 
 [dependencies.object]
-version = "0.30.1"
+version = "0.31.1"
 default-features = false
 features = ["read_core", "elf", "macho", "pe", "unaligned", "archive", "write"]
 
 [target.'cfg(windows)'.dependencies.windows]
-version = "0.46.0"
+version = "0.48.0"
 features = ["Win32_Globalization"]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/messages.ftl
index 375fdec1007..9aa2b2e2b2e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/messages.ftl
@@ -1,306 +1,306 @@
-codegen_ssa_lib_def_write_failure = failed to write lib.def file: {$error}
-
-codegen_ssa_version_script_write_failure = failed to write version script: {$error}
+codegen_ssa_L4Bender_exporting_symbols_unimplemented = exporting symbols not implemented yet for L4Bender
 
-codegen_ssa_symbol_file_write_failure = failed to write symbols file: {$error}
+codegen_ssa_add_native_library = failed to add native library {$library_path}: {$error}
 
-codegen_ssa_ld64_unimplemented_modifier = `as-needed` modifier not implemented yet for ld64
+codegen_ssa_apple_sdk_error_sdk_path = failed to get {$sdk_name} SDK path: {$error}
 
-codegen_ssa_linker_unsupported_modifier = `as-needed` modifier not supported for current linker
+codegen_ssa_archive_build_failure =
+    failed to build archive: {$error}
 
-codegen_ssa_L4Bender_exporting_symbols_unimplemented = exporting symbols not implemented yet for L4Bender
+codegen_ssa_atomic_compare_exchange = Atomic compare-exchange intrinsic missing failure memory ordering
 
-codegen_ssa_no_natvis_directory = error enumerating natvis directory: {$error}
+codegen_ssa_check_installed_visual_studio = please ensure that Visual Studio 2017 or later, or Build Tools for Visual Studio were installed with the Visual C++ option.
 
 codegen_ssa_copy_path = could not copy {$from} to {$to}: {$error}
 
 codegen_ssa_copy_path_buf = unable to copy {$source_file} to {$output_path}: {$error}
 
+codegen_ssa_create_temp_dir = couldn't create a temp dir: {$error}
+
+codegen_ssa_erroneous_constant = erroneous constant encountered
+
+codegen_ssa_expected_used_symbol = expected `used`, `used(compiler)` or `used(linker)`
+
+codegen_ssa_extern_funcs_not_found = some `extern` functions couldn't be found; some native libraries may need to be installed or have their path specified
+
+codegen_ssa_extract_bundled_libs_archive_member = failed to get data from archive member '{$rlib}': {$error}
+codegen_ssa_extract_bundled_libs_convert_name = failed to convert name '{$rlib}': {$error}
+codegen_ssa_extract_bundled_libs_mmap_file = failed to mmap file '{$rlib}': {$error}
+codegen_ssa_extract_bundled_libs_open_file = failed to open file '{$rlib}': {$error}
+codegen_ssa_extract_bundled_libs_parse_archive = failed to parse archive '{$rlib}': {$error}
+codegen_ssa_extract_bundled_libs_read_entry = failed to read entry '{$rlib}': {$error}
+codegen_ssa_extract_bundled_libs_write_file = failed to write file '{$rlib}': {$error}
+
+codegen_ssa_failed_to_write = failed to write {$path}: {$error}
+
 codegen_ssa_ignoring_emit_path = ignoring emit path because multiple .{$extension} files were produced
 
 codegen_ssa_ignoring_output = ignoring -o because multiple .{$extension} files were produced
 
-codegen_ssa_create_temp_dir = couldn't create a temp dir: {$error}
+codegen_ssa_illegal_link_ordinal_format = illegal ordinal format in `link_ordinal`
+    .note = an unsuffixed integer value, e.g., `1`, is expected
 
 codegen_ssa_incompatible_linking_modifiers = link modifiers combination `+bundle,+whole-archive` is unstable when generating rlibs
 
-codegen_ssa_add_native_library = failed to add native library {$library_path}: {$error}
-
-codegen_ssa_multiple_external_func_decl = multiple declarations of external function `{$function}` from library `{$library_name}` have different calling conventions
+codegen_ssa_insufficient_vs_code_product = VS Code is a different product, and is not sufficient.
 
-codegen_ssa_rlib_missing_format = could not find formats for rlibs
+codegen_ssa_invalid_link_ordinal_nargs = incorrect number of arguments to `#[link_ordinal]`
+    .note = the attribute requires exactly one argument
 
-codegen_ssa_rlib_only_rmeta_found = could not find rlib for: `{$crate_name}`, found rmeta (metadata) file
+codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_basic_float_type = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected basic float type, found `{$ty}`
 
-codegen_ssa_rlib_not_found = could not find rlib for: `{$crate_name}`
+codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_basic_integer_type = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected basic integer type, found `{$ty}`
 
-codegen_ssa_rlib_incompatible_dependency_formats = `{$ty1}` and `{$ty2}` do not have equivalent dependency formats (`{$list1}` vs `{$list2}`)
+codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_cannot_return = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: cannot return `{$ret_ty}`, expected `u{$expected_int_bits}` or `[u8; {$expected_bytes}]`
 
-codegen_ssa_linking_failed = linking with `{$linker_path}` failed: {$exit_status}
+codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_cast_fat_pointer = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: cannot cast fat pointer `{$ty}`
 
-codegen_ssa_extern_funcs_not_found = some `extern` functions couldn't be found; some native libraries may need to be installed or have their path specified
+codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_expected_element_type = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected element type `{$expected_element}` of second argument `{$second_arg}` to be a pointer to the element type `{$in_elem}` of the first argument `{$in_ty}`, found `{$expected_element}` != `{$mutability} {$in_elem}`
 
-codegen_ssa_specify_libraries_to_link = use the `-l` flag to specify native libraries to link
+codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_expected_pointer = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected pointer, got `{$ty}`
 
-codegen_ssa_use_cargo_directive = use the `cargo:rustc-link-lib` directive to specify the native libraries to link with Cargo (see https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/build-scripts.html#cargorustc-link-libkindname)
+codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_expected_return_type = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected return type `{$in_ty}`, found `{$ret_ty}`
 
-codegen_ssa_thorin_read_input_failure = failed to read input file
+codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_expected_usize = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected `usize`, got `{$ty}`
 
-codegen_ssa_thorin_parse_input_file_kind = failed to parse input file kind
+codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_expected_vector_element_type = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected element type `{$expected_element}` of vector type `{$vector_type}` to be a signed or unsigned integer type
 
-codegen_ssa_thorin_parse_input_object_file = failed to parse input object file
+codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_float_to_int_unchecked = invalid monomorphization of `float_to_int_unchecked` intrinsic: expected basic float type, found `{$ty}`
 
-codegen_ssa_thorin_parse_input_archive_file = failed to parse input archive file
+codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_floating_point_type = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: `{$in_ty}` is not a floating-point type
 
-codegen_ssa_thorin_parse_archive_member = failed to parse archive member
+codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_floating_point_vector = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: unsupported element type `{$f_ty}` of floating-point vector `{$in_ty}`
 
-codegen_ssa_thorin_invalid_input_kind = input is not an archive or elf object
+codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_inserted_type = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected inserted type `{$in_elem}` (element of input `{$in_ty}`), found `{$out_ty}`
 
-codegen_ssa_thorin_decompress_data = failed to decompress compressed section
+codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_invalid_bitmask = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: invalid bitmask `{$mask_ty}`, expected `u{$expected_int_bits}` or `[u8; {$expected_bytes}]`
 
-codegen_ssa_thorin_section_without_name = section without name at offset {$offset}
+codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_mask_type = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: mask element type is `{$ty}`, expected `i_`
 
-codegen_ssa_thorin_relocation_with_invalid_symbol = relocation with invalid symbol for section `{$section}` at offset {$offset}
+codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_mismatched_lengths = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: mismatched lengths: mask length `{$m_len}` != other vector length `{$v_len}`
 
-codegen_ssa_thorin_multiple_relocations = multiple relocations for section `{$section}` at offset {$offset}
+codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_return_element = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected return element type `{$in_elem}` (element of input `{$in_ty}`), found `{$ret_ty}` with element type `{$out_ty}`
 
-codegen_ssa_thorin_unsupported_relocation = unsupported relocation for section {$section} at offset {$offset}
+codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_return_integer_type = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected return type with integer elements, found `{$ret_ty}` with non-integer `{$out_ty}`
 
-codegen_ssa_thorin_missing_dwo_name = missing path attribute to DWARF object ({$id})
+codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_return_length = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected return type of length {$in_len}, found `{$ret_ty}` with length {$out_len}
 
-codegen_ssa_thorin_no_compilation_units = input object has no compilation units
+codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_return_length_input_type = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected return type with length {$in_len} (same as input type `{$in_ty}`), found `{$ret_ty}` with length {$out_len}
 
-codegen_ssa_thorin_no_die = no top-level debugging information entry in compilation/type unit
+codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_return_type = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected return type `{$in_elem}` (element of input `{$in_ty}`), found `{$ret_ty}`
 
-codegen_ssa_thorin_top_level_die_not_unit = top-level debugging information entry is not a compilation/type unit
+codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_second_argument_length = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected second argument with length {$in_len} (same as input type `{$in_ty}`), found `{$arg_ty}` with length {$out_len}
 
-codegen_ssa_thorin_missing_required_section = input object missing required section `{$section}`
+codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_shuffle_index_not_constant = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: shuffle index #{$arg_idx} is not a constant
 
-codegen_ssa_thorin_parse_unit_abbreviations = failed to parse unit abbreviations
+codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_shuffle_index_out_of_bounds = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: shuffle index #{$arg_idx} is out of bounds (limit {$total_len})
 
-codegen_ssa_thorin_parse_unit_attribute = failed to parse unit attribute
+codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_simd_argument = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected SIMD argument type, found non-SIMD `{$ty}`
 
-codegen_ssa_thorin_parse_unit_header = failed to parse unit header
+codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_simd_first = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected SIMD first type, found non-SIMD `{$ty}`
 
-codegen_ssa_thorin_parse_unit = failed to parse unit
+codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_simd_input = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected SIMD input type, found non-SIMD `{$ty}`
 
-codegen_ssa_thorin_incompatible_index_version = incompatible `{$section}` index version: found version {$actual}, expected version {$format}
+codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_simd_return = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected SIMD return type, found non-SIMD `{$ty}`
 
-codegen_ssa_thorin_offset_at_index = read offset at index {$index} of `.debug_str_offsets.dwo` section
+codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_simd_second = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected SIMD second type, found non-SIMD `{$ty}`
 
-codegen_ssa_thorin_str_at_offset = read string at offset {$offset} of `.debug_str.dwo` section
+codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_simd_shuffle = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: simd_shuffle index must be an array of `u32`, got `{$ty}`
 
-codegen_ssa_thorin_parse_index = failed to parse `{$section}` index section
+codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_simd_third = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected SIMD third type, found non-SIMD `{$ty}`
 
-codegen_ssa_thorin_unit_not_in_index = unit {$unit} from input package is not in its index
+codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_third_arg_element_type = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected element type `{$expected_element}` of third argument `{$third_arg}` to be a signed integer type
 
-codegen_ssa_thorin_row_not_in_index = row {$row} found in index's hash table not present in index
+codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_third_argument_length = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected third argument with length {$in_len} (same as input type `{$in_ty}`), found `{$arg_ty}` with length {$out_len}
 
-codegen_ssa_thorin_section_not_in_row = section not found in unit's row in index
+codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_unrecognized_intrinsic = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: unrecognized intrinsic `{$name}`
 
-codegen_ssa_thorin_empty_unit = unit {$unit} in input DWARF object with no data
+codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_unsupported_cast = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: unsupported cast from `{$in_ty}` with element `{$in_elem}` to `{$ret_ty}` with element `{$out_elem}`
 
-codegen_ssa_thorin_multiple_debug_info_section = multiple `.debug_info.dwo` sections
+codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_unsupported_operation = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: unsupported operation on `{$in_ty}` with element `{$in_elem}`
 
-codegen_ssa_thorin_multiple_debug_types_section = multiple `.debug_types.dwo` sections in a package
+codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_unsupported_symbol = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: unsupported {$symbol} from `{$in_ty}` with element `{$in_elem}` to `{$ret_ty}`
 
-codegen_ssa_thorin_not_split_unit = regular compilation unit in object (missing dwo identifier)
+codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_unsupported_symbol_of_size = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: unsupported {$symbol} from `{$in_ty}` with element `{$in_elem}` of size `{$size}` to `{$ret_ty}`
 
-codegen_ssa_thorin_duplicate_unit = duplicate split compilation unit ({$unit})
+codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_vector_argument = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: vector argument `{$in_ty}`'s element type `{$in_elem}`, expected integer element type
 
-codegen_ssa_thorin_missing_referenced_unit = unit {$unit} referenced by executable was not found
+codegen_ssa_invalid_no_sanitize = invalid argument for `no_sanitize`
+    .note = expected one of: `address`, `cfi`, `hwaddress`, `kcfi`, `memory`, `memtag`, `shadow-call-stack`, or `thread`
 
-codegen_ssa_thorin_not_output_object_created = no output object was created from inputs
+codegen_ssa_invalid_windows_subsystem = invalid windows subsystem `{$subsystem}`, only `windows` and `console` are allowed
 
-codegen_ssa_thorin_mixed_input_encodings = input objects haved mixed encodings
+codegen_ssa_ld64_unimplemented_modifier = `as-needed` modifier not implemented yet for ld64
 
-codegen_ssa_thorin_io = {$error}
-codegen_ssa_thorin_object_read = {$error}
-codegen_ssa_thorin_object_write = {$error}
-codegen_ssa_thorin_gimli_read = {$error}
-codegen_ssa_thorin_gimli_write = {$error}
+codegen_ssa_lib_def_write_failure = failed to write lib.def file: {$error}
 
 codegen_ssa_link_exe_unexpected_error = `link.exe` returned an unexpected error
 
-codegen_ssa_repair_vs_build_tools = the Visual Studio build tools may need to be repaired using the Visual Studio installer
-
-codegen_ssa_missing_cpp_build_tool_component = or a necessary component may be missing from the "C++ build tools" workload
+codegen_ssa_link_script_unavailable = can only use link script when linking with GNU-like linker
 
-codegen_ssa_select_cpp_build_tool_workload = in the Visual Studio installer, ensure the "C++ build tools" workload is selected
+codegen_ssa_link_script_write_failure = failed to write link script to {$path}: {$error}
 
-codegen_ssa_visual_studio_not_installed = you may need to install Visual Studio build tools with the "C++ build tools" workload
+codegen_ssa_linker_file_stem = couldn't extract file stem from specified linker
 
 codegen_ssa_linker_not_found = linker `{$linker_path}` not found
     .note = {$error}
 
-codegen_ssa_unable_to_exe_linker = could not exec the linker `{$linker_path}`
-    .note = {$error}
-    .command_note = {$command_formatted}
+codegen_ssa_linker_unsupported_modifier = `as-needed` modifier not supported for current linker
 
-codegen_ssa_msvc_missing_linker = the msvc targets depend on the msvc linker but `link.exe` was not found
+codegen_ssa_linking_failed = linking with `{$linker_path}` failed: {$exit_status}
 
-codegen_ssa_check_installed_visual_studio = please ensure that Visual Studio 2017 or later, or Build Tools for Visual Studio were installed with the Visual C++ option.
+codegen_ssa_metadata_object_file_write = error writing metadata object file: {$error}
 
-codegen_ssa_insufficient_vs_code_product = VS Code is a different product, and is not sufficient.
+codegen_ssa_missing_cpp_build_tool_component = or a necessary component may be missing from the "C++ build tools" workload
 
-codegen_ssa_processing_dymutil_failed = processing debug info with `dsymutil` failed: {$status}
-    .note = {$output}
+codegen_ssa_missing_memory_ordering = Atomic intrinsic missing memory ordering
 
-codegen_ssa_unable_to_run_dsymutil = unable to run `dsymutil`: {$error}
+codegen_ssa_msvc_missing_linker = the msvc targets depend on the msvc linker but `link.exe` was not found
 
-codegen_ssa_stripping_debug_info_failed = stripping debug info with `{$util}` failed: {$status}
-    .note = {$output}
+codegen_ssa_multiple_external_func_decl = multiple declarations of external function `{$function}` from library `{$library_name}` have different calling conventions
 
-codegen_ssa_unable_to_run = unable to run `{$util}`: {$error}
+codegen_ssa_multiple_main_functions = entry symbol `main` declared multiple times
+    .help = did you use `#[no_mangle]` on `fn main`? Use `#[start]` instead
 
-codegen_ssa_linker_file_stem = couldn't extract file stem from specified linker
+codegen_ssa_no_natvis_directory = error enumerating natvis directory: {$error}
 
-codegen_ssa_static_library_native_artifacts = Link against the following native artifacts when linking against this static library. The order and any duplication can be significant on some platforms.
+codegen_ssa_option_gcc_only = option `-Z gcc-ld` is used even though linker flavor is not gcc
 
-codegen_ssa_link_script_unavailable = can only use link script when linking with GNU-like linker
+codegen_ssa_polymorphic_constant_too_generic = codegen encountered polymorphic constant: TooGeneric
 
-codegen_ssa_link_script_write_failure = failed to write link script to {$path}: {$error}
+codegen_ssa_processing_dymutil_failed = processing debug info with `dsymutil` failed: {$status}
+    .note = {$output}
 
-codegen_ssa_failed_to_write = failed to write {$path}: {$error}
+codegen_ssa_read_file = failed to read file: {$message}
 
-codegen_ssa_unable_to_write_debugger_visualizer = Unable to write debugger visualizer file `{$path}`: {$error}
+codegen_ssa_repair_vs_build_tools = the Visual Studio build tools may need to be repaired using the Visual Studio installer
 
 codegen_ssa_rlib_archive_build_failure = failed to build archive from rlib: {$error}
 
-codegen_ssa_option_gcc_only = option `-Z gcc-ld` is used even though linker flavor is not gcc
-
-codegen_ssa_extract_bundled_libs_open_file = failed to open file '{$rlib}': {$error}
-codegen_ssa_extract_bundled_libs_mmap_file = failed to mmap file '{$rlib}': {$error}
-codegen_ssa_extract_bundled_libs_parse_archive = failed to parse archive '{$rlib}': {$error}
-codegen_ssa_extract_bundled_libs_read_entry = failed to read entry '{$rlib}': {$error}
-codegen_ssa_extract_bundled_libs_archive_member = failed to get data from archive member '{$rlib}': {$error}
-codegen_ssa_extract_bundled_libs_convert_name = failed to convert name '{$rlib}': {$error}
-codegen_ssa_extract_bundled_libs_write_file = failed to write file '{$rlib}': {$error}
-
-codegen_ssa_unsupported_arch = unsupported arch `{$arch}` for os `{$os}`
-
-codegen_ssa_apple_sdk_error_sdk_path = failed to get {$sdk_name} SDK path: {$error}
+codegen_ssa_rlib_incompatible_dependency_formats = `{$ty1}` and `{$ty2}` do not have equivalent dependency formats (`{$list1}` vs `{$list2}`)
 
-codegen_ssa_read_file = failed to read file: {$message}
+codegen_ssa_rlib_missing_format = could not find formats for rlibs
 
-codegen_ssa_unsupported_link_self_contained = option `-C link-self-contained` is not supported on this target
+codegen_ssa_rlib_not_found = could not find rlib for: `{$crate_name}`
 
-codegen_ssa_archive_build_failure =
-    failed to build archive: {$error}
+codegen_ssa_rlib_only_rmeta_found = could not find rlib for: `{$crate_name}`, found rmeta (metadata) file
 
-codegen_ssa_unknown_archive_kind =
-    Don't know how to build archive of type: {$kind}
+codegen_ssa_select_cpp_build_tool_workload = in the Visual Studio installer, ensure the "C++ build tools" workload is selected
 
-codegen_ssa_expected_used_symbol = expected `used`, `used(compiler)` or `used(linker)`
+codegen_ssa_shuffle_indices_evaluation = could not evaluate shuffle_indices at compile time
 
-codegen_ssa_multiple_main_functions = entry symbol `main` declared multiple times
-    .help = did you use `#[no_mangle]` on `fn main`? Use `#[start]` instead
+codegen_ssa_specify_libraries_to_link = use the `-l` flag to specify native libraries to link
 
-codegen_ssa_metadata_object_file_write = error writing metadata object file: {$error}
+codegen_ssa_static_library_native_artifacts = Link against the following native artifacts when linking against this static library. The order and any duplication can be significant on some platforms.
 
-codegen_ssa_invalid_windows_subsystem = invalid windows subsystem `{$subsystem}`, only `windows` and `console` are allowed
+codegen_ssa_stripping_debug_info_failed = stripping debug info with `{$util}` failed: {$status}
+    .note = {$output}
 
-codegen_ssa_erroneous_constant = erroneous constant encountered
+codegen_ssa_symbol_file_write_failure = failed to write symbols file: {$error}
 
-codegen_ssa_shuffle_indices_evaluation = could not evaluate shuffle_indices at compile time
+codegen_ssa_target_feature_safe_trait = `#[target_feature(..)]` cannot be applied to safe trait method
+    .label = cannot be applied to safe trait method
+    .label_def = not an `unsafe` function
 
-codegen_ssa_missing_memory_ordering = Atomic intrinsic missing memory ordering
+codegen_ssa_thorin_decompress_data = failed to decompress compressed section
 
-codegen_ssa_unknown_atomic_ordering = unknown ordering in atomic intrinsic
+codegen_ssa_thorin_duplicate_unit = duplicate split compilation unit ({$unit})
 
-codegen_ssa_atomic_compare_exchange = Atomic compare-exchange intrinsic missing failure memory ordering
+codegen_ssa_thorin_empty_unit = unit {$unit} in input DWARF object with no data
 
-codegen_ssa_unknown_atomic_operation = unknown atomic operation
+codegen_ssa_thorin_gimli_read = {$error}
+codegen_ssa_thorin_gimli_write = {$error}
 
-codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_basic_integer_type = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected basic integer type, found `{$ty}`
+codegen_ssa_thorin_incompatible_index_version = incompatible `{$section}` index version: found version {$actual}, expected version {$format}
 
-codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_basic_float_type = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected basic float type, found `{$ty}`
+codegen_ssa_thorin_invalid_input_kind = input is not an archive or elf object
 
-codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_float_to_int_unchecked = invalid monomorphization of `float_to_int_unchecked` intrinsic: expected basic float type, found `{$ty}`
+codegen_ssa_thorin_io = {$error}
+codegen_ssa_thorin_missing_dwo_name = missing path attribute to DWARF object ({$id})
 
-codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_floating_point_vector = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: unsupported element type `{$f_ty}` of floating-point vector `{$in_ty}`
+codegen_ssa_thorin_missing_referenced_unit = unit {$unit} referenced by executable was not found
 
-codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_floating_point_type = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: `{$in_ty}` is not a floating-point type
+codegen_ssa_thorin_missing_required_section = input object missing required section `{$section}`
 
-codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_unrecognized_intrinsic = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: unrecognized intrinsic `{$name}`
+codegen_ssa_thorin_mixed_input_encodings = input objects haved mixed encodings
 
-codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_simd_argument = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected SIMD argument type, found non-SIMD `{$ty}`
+codegen_ssa_thorin_multiple_debug_info_section = multiple `.debug_info.dwo` sections
 
-codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_simd_input = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected SIMD input type, found non-SIMD `{$ty}`
+codegen_ssa_thorin_multiple_debug_types_section = multiple `.debug_types.dwo` sections in a package
 
-codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_simd_first = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected SIMD first type, found non-SIMD `{$ty}`
+codegen_ssa_thorin_multiple_relocations = multiple relocations for section `{$section}` at offset {$offset}
 
-codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_simd_second = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected SIMD second type, found non-SIMD `{$ty}`
+codegen_ssa_thorin_no_compilation_units = input object has no compilation units
 
-codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_simd_third = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected SIMD third type, found non-SIMD `{$ty}`
+codegen_ssa_thorin_no_die = no top-level debugging information entry in compilation/type unit
 
-codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_simd_return = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected SIMD return type, found non-SIMD `{$ty}`
+codegen_ssa_thorin_not_output_object_created = no output object was created from inputs
 
-codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_invalid_bitmask = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: invalid bitmask `{$mask_ty}`, expected `u{$expected_int_bits}` or `[u8; {$expected_bytes}]`
+codegen_ssa_thorin_not_split_unit = regular compilation unit in object (missing dwo identifier)
 
-codegen_ssa_polymorphic_constant_too_generic = codegen encountered polymorphic constant: TooGeneric
+codegen_ssa_thorin_object_read = {$error}
+codegen_ssa_thorin_object_write = {$error}
+codegen_ssa_thorin_offset_at_index = read offset at index {$index} of `.debug_str_offsets.dwo` section
 
-codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_return_length_input_type = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected return type with length {$in_len} (same as input type `{$in_ty}`), found `{$ret_ty}` with length {$out_len}
+codegen_ssa_thorin_parse_archive_member = failed to parse archive member
 
-codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_second_argument_length = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected second argument with length {$in_len} (same as input type `{$in_ty}`), found `{$arg_ty}` with length {$out_len}
+codegen_ssa_thorin_parse_index = failed to parse `{$section}` index section
 
-codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_third_argument_length = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected third argument with length {$in_len} (same as input type `{$in_ty}`), found `{$arg_ty}` with length {$out_len}
+codegen_ssa_thorin_parse_input_archive_file = failed to parse input archive file
 
-codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_return_integer_type = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected return type with integer elements, found `{$ret_ty}` with non-integer `{$out_ty}`
+codegen_ssa_thorin_parse_input_file_kind = failed to parse input file kind
 
-codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_simd_shuffle = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: simd_shuffle index must be an array of `u32`, got `{$ty}`
+codegen_ssa_thorin_parse_input_object_file = failed to parse input object file
 
-codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_return_length = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected return type of length {$in_len}, found `{$ret_ty}` with length {$out_len}
+codegen_ssa_thorin_parse_unit = failed to parse unit
 
-codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_return_element = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected return element type `{$in_elem}` (element of input `{$in_ty}`), found `{$ret_ty}` with element type `{$out_ty}`
+codegen_ssa_thorin_parse_unit_abbreviations = failed to parse unit abbreviations
 
-codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_shuffle_index_not_constant = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: shuffle index #{$arg_idx} is not a constant
+codegen_ssa_thorin_parse_unit_attribute = failed to parse unit attribute
 
-codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_shuffle_index_out_of_bounds = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: shuffle index #{$arg_idx} is out of bounds (limit {$total_len})
+codegen_ssa_thorin_parse_unit_header = failed to parse unit header
 
-codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_inserted_type = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected inserted type `{$in_elem}` (element of input `{$in_ty}`), found `{$out_ty}`
+codegen_ssa_thorin_read_input_failure = failed to read input file
 
-codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_return_type = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected return type `{$in_elem}` (element of input `{$in_ty}`), found `{$ret_ty}`
+codegen_ssa_thorin_relocation_with_invalid_symbol = relocation with invalid symbol for section `{$section}` at offset {$offset}
 
-codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_expected_return_type = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected return type `{$in_ty}`, found `{$ret_ty}`
+codegen_ssa_thorin_row_not_in_index = row {$row} found in index's hash table not present in index
 
-codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_mismatched_lengths = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: mismatched lengths: mask length `{$m_len}` != other vector length `{$v_len}`
+codegen_ssa_thorin_section_not_in_row = section not found in unit's row in index
 
-codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_mask_type = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: mask element type is `{$ty}`, expected `i_`
+codegen_ssa_thorin_section_without_name = section without name at offset {$offset}
 
-codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_vector_argument = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: vector argument `{$in_ty}`'s element type `{$in_elem}`, expected integer element type
+codegen_ssa_thorin_str_at_offset = read string at offset {$offset} of `.debug_str.dwo` section
 
-codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_cannot_return = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: cannot return `{$ret_ty}`, expected `u{$expected_int_bits}` or `[u8; {$expected_bytes}]`
+codegen_ssa_thorin_top_level_die_not_unit = top-level debugging information entry is not a compilation/type unit
 
-codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_expected_element_type = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected element type `{$expected_element}` of second argument `{$second_arg}` to be a pointer to the element type `{$in_elem}` of the first argument `{$in_ty}`, found `{$expected_element}` != `{$mutability} {$in_elem}`
+codegen_ssa_thorin_unit_not_in_index = unit {$unit} from input package is not in its index
 
-codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_third_arg_element_type = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected element type `{$expected_element}` of third argument `{$third_arg}` to be a signed integer type
+codegen_ssa_thorin_unsupported_relocation = unsupported relocation for section {$section} at offset {$offset}
 
-codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_unsupported_symbol_of_size = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: unsupported {$symbol} from `{$in_ty}` with element `{$in_elem}` of size `{$size}` to `{$ret_ty}`
+codegen_ssa_unable_to_exe_linker = could not exec the linker `{$linker_path}`
+    .note = {$error}
+    .command_note = {$command_formatted}
 
-codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_unsupported_symbol = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: unsupported {$symbol} from `{$in_ty}` with element `{$in_elem}` to `{$ret_ty}`
+codegen_ssa_unable_to_run = unable to run `{$util}`: {$error}
 
-codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_cast_fat_pointer = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: cannot cast fat pointer `{$ty}`
+codegen_ssa_unable_to_run_dsymutil = unable to run `dsymutil`: {$error}
 
-codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_expected_pointer = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected pointer, got `{$ty}`
+codegen_ssa_unable_to_write_debugger_visualizer = Unable to write debugger visualizer file `{$path}`: {$error}
 
-codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_expected_usize = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected `usize`, got `{$ty}`
+codegen_ssa_unknown_archive_kind =
+    Don't know how to build archive of type: {$kind}
 
-codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_unsupported_cast = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: unsupported cast from `{$in_ty}` with element `{$in_elem}` to `{$ret_ty}` with element `{$out_elem}`
+codegen_ssa_unknown_atomic_operation = unknown atomic operation
 
-codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_unsupported_operation = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: unsupported operation on `{$in_ty}` with element `{$in_elem}`
+codegen_ssa_unknown_atomic_ordering = unknown ordering in atomic intrinsic
 
-codegen_ssa_invalid_monomorphization_expected_vector_element_type = invalid monomorphization of `{$name}` intrinsic: expected element type `{$expected_element}` of vector type `{$vector_type}` to be a signed or unsigned integer type
+codegen_ssa_unsupported_arch = unsupported arch `{$arch}` for os `{$os}`
 
-codegen_ssa_invalid_no_sanitize = invalid argument for `no_sanitize`
-    .note = expected one of: `address`, `cfi`, `hwaddress`, `kcfi`, `memory`, `memtag`, `shadow-call-stack`, or `thread`
+codegen_ssa_unsupported_link_self_contained = option `-C link-self-contained` is not supported on this target
 
-codegen_ssa_invalid_link_ordinal_nargs = incorrect number of arguments to `#[link_ordinal]`
-    .note = the attribute requires exactly one argument
+codegen_ssa_use_cargo_directive = use the `cargo:rustc-link-lib` directive to specify the native libraries to link with Cargo (see https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/build-scripts.html#cargorustc-link-libkindname)
 
-codegen_ssa_illegal_link_ordinal_format = illegal ordinal format in `link_ordinal`
-    .note = an unsuffixed integer value, e.g., `1`, is expected
+codegen_ssa_version_script_write_failure = failed to write version script: {$error}
 
-codegen_ssa_target_feature_safe_trait = `#[target_feature(..)]` cannot be applied to safe trait method
-    .label = cannot be applied to safe trait method
-    .label_def = not an `unsafe` function
+codegen_ssa_visual_studio_not_installed = you may need to install Visual Studio build tools with the "C++ build tools" workload
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs
index ea06cb02d8b..f8bb9bf2bb5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ use rustc_fs_util::fix_windows_verbatim_for_gcc;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{CrateNum, LOCAL_CRATE};
 use rustc_metadata::find_native_static_library;
 use rustc_metadata::fs::{emit_wrapper_file, METADATA_FILENAME};
+use rustc_middle::middle::debugger_visualizer::DebuggerVisualizerFile;
 use rustc_middle::middle::dependency_format::Linkage;
 use rustc_middle::middle::exported_symbols::SymbolExportKind;
 use rustc_session::config::{self, CFGuard, CrateType, DebugInfo, LdImpl, Strip};
@@ -21,9 +22,8 @@ use rustc_session::utils::NativeLibKind;
 /// need out of the shared crate context before we get rid of it.
 use rustc_session::{filesearch, Session};
 use rustc_span::symbol::Symbol;
-use rustc_span::DebuggerVisualizerFile;
 use rustc_target::spec::crt_objects::{CrtObjects, LinkSelfContainedDefault};
-use rustc_target::spec::{Cc, LinkOutputKind, LinkerFlavor, LinkerFlavorCli, Lld, PanicStrategy};
+use rustc_target::spec::{Cc, LinkOutputKind, LinkerFlavor, Lld, PanicStrategy};
 use rustc_target::spec::{RelocModel, RelroLevel, SanitizerSet, SplitDebuginfo};
 
 use super::archive::{ArchiveBuilder, ArchiveBuilderBuilder};
@@ -574,6 +574,8 @@ fn link_staticlib<'a>(
         }
     }
 
+    all_native_libs.extend_from_slice(&codegen_results.crate_info.used_libraries);
+
     if sess.opts.prints.contains(&PrintRequest::NativeStaticLibs) {
         print_native_static_libs(sess, &all_native_libs, &all_rust_dylibs);
     }
@@ -891,7 +893,7 @@ fn link_natively<'a>(
                     linker_path: &linker_path,
                     exit_status: prog.status,
                     command: &cmd,
-                    escaped_output: &escaped_output,
+                    escaped_output,
                 };
                 sess.diagnostic().emit_err(err);
                 // If MSVC's `link.exe` was expected but the return code
@@ -1186,6 +1188,9 @@ fn add_sanitizer_libraries(sess: &Session, crate_type: CrateType, linker: &mut d
     if sanitizer.contains(SanitizerSet::HWADDRESS) {
         link_sanitizer_runtime(sess, linker, "hwasan");
     }
+    if sanitizer.contains(SanitizerSet::SAFESTACK) {
+        link_sanitizer_runtime(sess, linker, "safestack");
+    }
 }
 
 fn link_sanitizer_runtime(sess: &Session, linker: &mut dyn Linker, name: &str) {
@@ -1297,44 +1302,7 @@ pub fn linker_and_flavor(sess: &Session) -> (PathBuf, LinkerFlavor) {
                 let stem = linker.file_stem().and_then(|stem| stem.to_str()).unwrap_or_else(|| {
                     sess.emit_fatal(errors::LinkerFileStem);
                 });
-
-                // Remove any version postfix.
-                let stem = stem
-                    .rsplit_once('-')
-                    .and_then(|(lhs, rhs)| rhs.chars().all(char::is_numeric).then_some(lhs))
-                    .unwrap_or(stem);
-
-                // GCC/Clang can have an optional target prefix.
-                let flavor = if stem == "emcc" {
-                    LinkerFlavor::EmCc
-                } else if stem == "gcc"
-                    || stem.ends_with("-gcc")
-                    || stem == "g++"
-                    || stem.ends_with("-g++")
-                    || stem == "clang"
-                    || stem.ends_with("-clang")
-                    || stem == "clang++"
-                    || stem.ends_with("-clang++")
-                {
-                    LinkerFlavor::from_cli(LinkerFlavorCli::Gcc, &sess.target)
-                } else if stem == "wasm-ld" || stem.ends_with("-wasm-ld") {
-                    LinkerFlavor::WasmLld(Cc::No)
-                } else if stem == "ld" || stem.ends_with("-ld") {
-                    LinkerFlavor::from_cli(LinkerFlavorCli::Ld, &sess.target)
-                } else if stem == "ld.lld" {
-                    LinkerFlavor::Gnu(Cc::No, Lld::Yes)
-                } else if stem == "link" {
-                    LinkerFlavor::Msvc(Lld::No)
-                } else if stem == "lld-link" {
-                    LinkerFlavor::Msvc(Lld::Yes)
-                } else if stem == "lld" || stem == "rust-lld" {
-                    let lld_flavor = sess.target.linker_flavor.lld_flavor();
-                    LinkerFlavor::from_cli(LinkerFlavorCli::Lld(lld_flavor), &sess.target)
-                } else {
-                    // fall back to the value in the target spec
-                    sess.target.linker_flavor
-                };
-
+                let flavor = sess.target.linker_flavor.with_linker_hints(stem);
                 Some((linker, flavor))
             }
             (None, None) => None,
@@ -1344,7 +1312,7 @@ pub fn linker_and_flavor(sess: &Session) -> (PathBuf, LinkerFlavor) {
     // linker and linker flavor specified via command line have precedence over what the target
     // specification specifies
     let linker_flavor =
-        sess.opts.cg.linker_flavor.map(|flavor| LinkerFlavor::from_cli(flavor, &sess.target));
+        sess.opts.cg.linker_flavor.map(|flavor| sess.target.linker_flavor.with_cli_hints(flavor));
     if let Some(ret) = infer_from(sess, sess.opts.cg.linker.clone(), linker_flavor) {
         return ret;
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/linker.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/linker.rs
index 1e57f4248d2..cd56f85cccd 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/linker.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/linker.rs
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ pub fn get_linker<'a>(
             cmd,
             sess,
             target_cpu,
-            hinted_static: false,
+            hinted_static: None,
             is_ld: cc == Cc::No,
             is_gnu: flavor.is_gnu(),
         }) as Box<dyn Linker>,
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ pub struct GccLinker<'a> {
     cmd: Command,
     sess: &'a Session,
     target_cpu: &'a str,
-    hinted_static: bool, // Keeps track of the current hinting mode.
+    hinted_static: Option<bool>, // Keeps track of the current hinting mode.
     // Link as ld
     is_ld: bool,
     is_gnu: bool,
@@ -275,9 +275,9 @@ impl<'a> GccLinker<'a> {
         if !self.takes_hints() {
             return;
         }
-        if !self.hinted_static {
+        if self.hinted_static != Some(true) {
             self.linker_arg("-Bstatic");
-            self.hinted_static = true;
+            self.hinted_static = Some(true);
         }
     }
 
@@ -285,9 +285,9 @@ impl<'a> GccLinker<'a> {
         if !self.takes_hints() {
             return;
         }
-        if self.hinted_static {
+        if self.hinted_static != Some(false) {
             self.linker_arg("-Bdynamic");
-            self.hinted_static = false;
+            self.hinted_static = Some(false);
         }
     }
 
@@ -1484,25 +1484,25 @@ impl<'a> L4Bender<'a> {
 pub struct AixLinker<'a> {
     cmd: Command,
     sess: &'a Session,
-    hinted_static: bool,
+    hinted_static: Option<bool>,
 }
 
 impl<'a> AixLinker<'a> {
     pub fn new(cmd: Command, sess: &'a Session) -> AixLinker<'a> {
-        AixLinker { cmd: cmd, sess: sess, hinted_static: false }
+        AixLinker { cmd: cmd, sess: sess, hinted_static: None }
     }
 
     fn hint_static(&mut self) {
-        if !self.hinted_static {
+        if self.hinted_static != Some(true) {
             self.cmd.arg("-bstatic");
-            self.hinted_static = true;
+            self.hinted_static = Some(true);
         }
     }
 
     fn hint_dynamic(&mut self) {
-        if self.hinted_static {
+        if self.hinted_static != Some(false) {
             self.cmd.arg("-bdynamic");
-            self.hinted_static = false;
+            self.hinted_static = Some(false);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/metadata.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/metadata.rs
index 8968133bac5..ad27b854d59 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/metadata.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/metadata.rs
@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@ use snap::write::FrameEncoder;
 
 use object::elf::NT_GNU_PROPERTY_TYPE_0;
 use rustc_data_structures::memmap::Mmap;
-use rustc_data_structures::owned_slice::try_slice_owned;
-use rustc_data_structures::sync::MetadataRef;
+use rustc_data_structures::owned_slice::{try_slice_owned, OwnedSlice};
 use rustc_metadata::fs::METADATA_FILENAME;
 use rustc_metadata::EncodedMetadata;
 use rustc_session::cstore::MetadataLoader;
@@ -39,7 +38,7 @@ pub struct DefaultMetadataLoader;
 fn load_metadata_with(
     path: &Path,
     f: impl for<'a> FnOnce(&'a [u8]) -> Result<&'a [u8], String>,
-) -> Result<MetadataRef, String> {
+) -> Result<OwnedSlice, String> {
     let file =
         File::open(path).map_err(|e| format!("failed to open file '{}': {}", path.display(), e))?;
 
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ fn load_metadata_with(
 }
 
 impl MetadataLoader for DefaultMetadataLoader {
-    fn get_rlib_metadata(&self, _target: &Target, path: &Path) -> Result<MetadataRef, String> {
+    fn get_rlib_metadata(&self, _target: &Target, path: &Path) -> Result<OwnedSlice, String> {
         load_metadata_with(path, |data| {
             let archive = object::read::archive::ArchiveFile::parse(&*data)
                 .map_err(|e| format!("failed to parse rlib '{}': {}", path.display(), e))?;
@@ -69,7 +68,7 @@ impl MetadataLoader for DefaultMetadataLoader {
         })
     }
 
-    fn get_dylib_metadata(&self, _target: &Target, path: &Path) -> Result<MetadataRef, String> {
+    fn get_dylib_metadata(&self, _target: &Target, path: &Path) -> Result<OwnedSlice, String> {
         load_metadata_with(path, |data| search_for_section(path, data, ".rustc"))
     }
 }
@@ -189,6 +188,11 @@ pub(crate) fn create_object_file(sess: &Session) -> Option<write::Object<'static
     };
 
     let mut file = write::Object::new(binary_format, architecture, endianness);
+    if sess.target.is_like_osx {
+        if let Some(build_version) = macho_object_build_version_for_target(&sess.target) {
+            file.set_macho_build_version(build_version)
+        }
+    }
     let e_flags = match architecture {
         Architecture::Mips => {
             let arch = match sess.target.options.cpu.as_ref() {
@@ -259,6 +263,33 @@ pub(crate) fn create_object_file(sess: &Session) -> Option<write::Object<'static
     Some(file)
 }
 
+/// Apple's LD, when linking for Mac Catalyst, requires object files to
+/// contain information about what they were built for (LC_BUILD_VERSION):
+/// the platform (macOS/watchOS etc), minimum OS version, and SDK version.
+/// This returns a `MachOBuildVersion` if necessary for the target.
+fn macho_object_build_version_for_target(
+    target: &Target,
+) -> Option<object::write::MachOBuildVersion> {
+    if !target.llvm_target.ends_with("-macabi") {
+        return None;
+    }
+    /// The `object` crate demands "X.Y.Z encoded in nibbles as xxxx.yy.zz"
+    /// e.g. minOS 14.0 = 0x000E0000, or SDK 16.2 = 0x00100200
+    fn pack_version((major, minor): (u32, u32)) -> u32 {
+        (major << 16) | (minor << 8)
+    }
+
+    let platform = object::macho::PLATFORM_MACCATALYST;
+    let min_os = (14, 0);
+    let sdk = (16, 2);
+
+    let mut build_version = object::write::MachOBuildVersion::default();
+    build_version.platform = platform;
+    build_version.minos = pack_version(min_os);
+    build_version.sdk = pack_version(sdk);
+    Some(build_version)
+}
+
 pub enum MetadataPosition {
     First,
     Last,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/symbol_export.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/symbol_export.rs
index 8f2f829c17c..a8b6030ac85 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/symbol_export.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/symbol_export.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use crate::base::allocator_kind_for_codegen;
 
 use std::collections::hash_map::Entry::*;
 
-use rustc_ast::expand::allocator::ALLOCATOR_METHODS;
+use rustc_ast::expand::allocator::{ALLOCATOR_METHODS, NO_ALLOC_SHIM_IS_UNSTABLE};
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashMap;
 use rustc_hir::def::DefKind;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{CrateNum, DefId, DefIdMap, LocalDefId, LOCAL_CRATE};
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use rustc_middle::middle::exported_symbols::{
     metadata_symbol_name, ExportedSymbol, SymbolExportInfo, SymbolExportKind, SymbolExportLevel,
 };
 use rustc_middle::query::LocalCrate;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::{ExternProviders, Providers};
+use rustc_middle::query::{ExternProviders, Providers};
 use rustc_middle::ty::subst::{GenericArgKind, SubstsRef};
 use rustc_middle::ty::Instance;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, SymbolName, TyCtxt};
@@ -241,6 +241,17 @@ fn exported_symbols_provider_local(
                 used: false,
             },
         ));
+
+        let exported_symbol =
+            ExportedSymbol::NoDefId(SymbolName::new(tcx, NO_ALLOC_SHIM_IS_UNSTABLE));
+        symbols.push((
+            exported_symbol,
+            SymbolExportInfo {
+                level: SymbolExportLevel::Rust,
+                kind: SymbolExportKind::Data,
+                used: false,
+            },
+        ))
     }
 
     if tcx.sess.instrument_coverage() || tcx.sess.opts.cg.profile_generate.enabled() {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/write.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/write.rs
index c323372bda4..10e9e5588f6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/write.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/write.rs
@@ -1800,7 +1800,7 @@ impl SharedEmitterMain {
                     handler.emit_diagnostic(&mut d);
                 }
                 Ok(SharedEmitterMessage::InlineAsmError(cookie, msg, level, source)) => {
-                    let msg = msg.strip_prefix("error: ").unwrap_or(&msg);
+                    let msg = msg.strip_prefix("error: ").unwrap_or(&msg).to_string();
 
                     let mut err = match level {
                         Level::Error { lint: false } => sess.struct_err(msg).forget_guarantee(),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/base.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/base.rs
index ae45ae9d802..242d209b684 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/base.rs
@@ -17,28 +17,25 @@ use rustc_ast::expand::allocator::AllocatorKind;
 use rustc_attr as attr;
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
 use rustc_data_structures::profiling::{get_resident_set_size, print_time_passes_entry};
-
-use rustc_data_structures::sync::par_iter;
-#[cfg(parallel_compiler)]
-use rustc_data_structures::sync::ParallelIterator;
+use rustc_data_structures::sync::par_map;
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefId, LOCAL_CRATE};
 use rustc_hir::lang_items::LangItem;
 use rustc_metadata::EncodedMetadata;
 use rustc_middle::middle::codegen_fn_attrs::CodegenFnAttrs;
+use rustc_middle::middle::debugger_visualizer::{DebuggerVisualizerFile, DebuggerVisualizerType};
 use rustc_middle::middle::exported_symbols;
 use rustc_middle::middle::exported_symbols::SymbolExportKind;
 use rustc_middle::middle::lang_items;
 use rustc_middle::mir::mono::{CodegenUnit, CodegenUnitNameBuilder, MonoItem};
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::layout::{HasTyCtxt, LayoutOf, TyAndLayout};
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Instance, Ty, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_session::cgu_reuse_tracker::CguReuse;
 use rustc_session::config::{self, CrateType, EntryFnType, OutputType};
 use rustc_session::Session;
 use rustc_span::symbol::sym;
 use rustc_span::Symbol;
-use rustc_span::{DebuggerVisualizerFile, DebuggerVisualizerType};
 use rustc_target::abi::{Align, FIRST_VARIANT};
 
 use std::collections::BTreeSet;
@@ -298,7 +295,7 @@ pub fn coerce_unsized_into<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>>(
             let (base, info) = match bx.load_operand(src).val {
                 OperandValue::Pair(base, info) => unsize_ptr(bx, base, src_ty, dst_ty, Some(info)),
                 OperandValue::Immediate(base) => unsize_ptr(bx, base, src_ty, dst_ty, None),
-                OperandValue::Ref(..) => bug!(),
+                OperandValue::Ref(..) | OperandValue::ZeroSized => bug!(),
             };
             OperandValue::Pair(base, info).store(bx, dst);
         }
@@ -689,7 +686,7 @@ pub fn codegen_crate<B: ExtraBackendMethods>(
     // This likely is a temporary measure. Once we don't have to support the
     // non-parallel compiler anymore, we can compile CGUs end-to-end in
     // parallel and get rid of the complicated scheduling logic.
-    let mut pre_compiled_cgus = if cfg!(parallel_compiler) {
+    let mut pre_compiled_cgus = if tcx.sess.threads() > 1 {
         tcx.sess.time("compile_first_CGU_batch", || {
             // Try to find one CGU to compile per thread.
             let cgus: Vec<_> = cgu_reuse
@@ -702,12 +699,10 @@ pub fn codegen_crate<B: ExtraBackendMethods>(
             // Compile the found CGUs in parallel.
             let start_time = Instant::now();
 
-            let pre_compiled_cgus = par_iter(cgus)
-                .map(|(i, _)| {
-                    let module = backend.compile_codegen_unit(tcx, codegen_units[i].name());
-                    (i, module)
-                })
-                .collect();
+            let pre_compiled_cgus = par_map(cgus, |(i, _)| {
+                let module = backend.compile_codegen_unit(tcx, codegen_units[i].name());
+                (i, module)
+            });
 
             total_codegen_time += start_time.elapsed();
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/codegen_attrs.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/codegen_attrs.rs
index 8dae5dab429..d6c23012762 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/codegen_attrs.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/codegen_attrs.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefId, LocalDefId, LOCAL_CRATE};
 use rustc_hir::{lang_items, weak_lang_items::WEAK_LANG_ITEMS, LangItem};
 use rustc_middle::middle::codegen_fn_attrs::{CodegenFnAttrFlags, CodegenFnAttrs};
 use rustc_middle::mir::mono::Linkage;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self as ty, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_session::{lint, parse::feature_err};
 use rustc_span::symbol::Ident;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/errors.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/errors.rs
index cf4893b8226..bf37ac69f2d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/errors.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/errors.rs
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ pub struct LinkingFailed<'a> {
     pub linker_path: &'a PathBuf,
     pub exit_status: ExitStatus,
     pub command: &'a Command,
-    pub escaped_output: &'a str,
+    pub escaped_output: String,
 }
 
 impl IntoDiagnostic<'_> for LinkingFailed<'_> {
@@ -345,11 +345,13 @@ impl IntoDiagnostic<'_> for LinkingFailed<'_> {
         diag.set_arg("linker_path", format!("{}", self.linker_path.display()));
         diag.set_arg("exit_status", format!("{}", self.exit_status));
 
-        diag.note(format!("{:?}", self.command)).note(self.escaped_output);
+        let contains_undefined_ref = self.escaped_output.contains("undefined reference to");
+
+        diag.note(format!("{:?}", self.command)).note(self.escaped_output.to_string());
 
         // Trying to match an error from OS linkers
         // which by now we have no way to translate.
-        if self.escaped_output.contains("undefined reference to") {
+        if contains_undefined_ref {
             diag.note(fluent::codegen_ssa_extern_funcs_not_found)
                 .note(fluent::codegen_ssa_specify_libraries_to_link)
                 .note(fluent::codegen_ssa_use_cargo_directive);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/lib.rs
index c3cc17c255b..31854c7f4c4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/lib.rs
@@ -28,16 +28,17 @@ use rustc_errors::{DiagnosticMessage, SubdiagnosticMessage};
 use rustc_fluent_macro::fluent_messages;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::CrateNum;
 use rustc_middle::dep_graph::WorkProduct;
+use rustc_middle::middle::debugger_visualizer::DebuggerVisualizerFile;
 use rustc_middle::middle::dependency_format::Dependencies;
 use rustc_middle::middle::exported_symbols::SymbolExportKind;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::{ExternProviders, Providers};
+use rustc_middle::query::{ExternProviders, Providers};
 use rustc_serialize::opaque::{FileEncoder, MemDecoder};
 use rustc_serialize::{Decodable, Decoder, Encodable, Encoder};
 use rustc_session::config::{CrateType, OutputFilenames, OutputType, RUST_CGU_EXT};
 use rustc_session::cstore::{self, CrateSource};
 use rustc_session::utils::NativeLibKind;
+use rustc_session::Session;
 use rustc_span::symbol::Symbol;
-use rustc_span::DebuggerVisualizerFile;
 use std::collections::BTreeSet;
 use std::io;
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
@@ -175,11 +176,11 @@ pub struct CodegenResults {
     pub crate_info: CrateInfo,
 }
 
-pub enum CodegenErrors<'a> {
+pub enum CodegenErrors {
     WrongFileType,
     EmptyVersionNumber,
     EncodingVersionMismatch { version_array: String, rlink_version: u32 },
-    RustcVersionMismatch { rustc_version: String, current_version: &'a str },
+    RustcVersionMismatch { rustc_version: String },
 }
 
 pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
@@ -213,10 +214,9 @@ pub fn looks_like_rust_object_file(filename: &str) -> bool {
 const RLINK_VERSION: u32 = 1;
 const RLINK_MAGIC: &[u8] = b"rustlink";
 
-const RUSTC_VERSION: Option<&str> = option_env!("CFG_VERSION");
-
 impl CodegenResults {
     pub fn serialize_rlink(
+        sess: &Session,
         rlink_file: &Path,
         codegen_results: &CodegenResults,
     ) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
@@ -225,12 +225,12 @@ impl CodegenResults {
         // `emit_raw_bytes` is used to make sure that the version representation does not depend on
         // Encoder's inner representation of `u32`.
         encoder.emit_raw_bytes(&RLINK_VERSION.to_be_bytes());
-        encoder.emit_str(RUSTC_VERSION.unwrap());
+        encoder.emit_str(sess.cfg_version);
         Encodable::encode(codegen_results, &mut encoder);
         encoder.finish()
     }
 
-    pub fn deserialize_rlink<'a>(data: Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self, CodegenErrors<'a>> {
+    pub fn deserialize_rlink(sess: &Session, data: Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self, CodegenErrors> {
         // The Decodable machinery is not used here because it panics if the input data is invalid
         // and because its internal representation may change.
         if !data.starts_with(RLINK_MAGIC) {
@@ -252,11 +252,9 @@ impl CodegenResults {
 
         let mut decoder = MemDecoder::new(&data[4..], 0);
         let rustc_version = decoder.read_str();
-        let current_version = RUSTC_VERSION.unwrap();
-        if rustc_version != current_version {
+        if rustc_version != sess.cfg_version {
             return Err(CodegenErrors::RustcVersionMismatch {
                 rustc_version: rustc_version.to_string(),
-                current_version,
             });
         }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/analyze.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/analyze.rs
index 569599faa36..22c1f05974d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/analyze.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/analyze.rs
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ impl DefLocation {
 
 struct LocalAnalyzer<'mir, 'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> {
     fx: &'mir FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx>,
-    dominators: Dominators<mir::BasicBlock>,
+    dominators: &'mir Dominators<mir::BasicBlock>,
     locals: IndexVec<mir::Local, LocalKind>,
 }
 
@@ -234,7 +234,6 @@ impl<'mir, 'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> Visitor<'tcx>
             | PlaceContext::NonMutatingUse(
                 NonMutatingUseContext::Inspect
                 | NonMutatingUseContext::SharedBorrow
-                | NonMutatingUseContext::UniqueBorrow
                 | NonMutatingUseContext::ShallowBorrow
                 | NonMutatingUseContext::AddressOf
                 | NonMutatingUseContext::Projection,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/block.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/block.rs
index a832999225a..e0cb26d3ba8 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/block.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/block.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use super::operand::OperandRef;
-use super::operand::OperandValue::{Immediate, Pair, Ref};
+use super::operand::OperandValue::{Immediate, Pair, Ref, ZeroSized};
 use super::place::PlaceRef;
 use super::{CachedLlbb, FunctionCx, LocalRef};
 
@@ -427,6 +427,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
                         assert_eq!(align, op.layout.align.abi, "return place is unaligned!");
                         llval
                     }
+                    ZeroSized => bug!("ZST return value shouldn't be in PassMode::Cast"),
                 };
                 let ty = bx.cast_backend_type(cast_ty);
                 let addr = bx.pointercast(llslot, bx.type_ptr_to(ty));
@@ -1031,7 +1032,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
         });
 
         let needs_location =
-            instance.map_or(false, |i| i.def.requires_caller_location(self.cx.tcx()));
+            instance.is_some_and(|i| i.def.requires_caller_location(self.cx.tcx()));
         if needs_location {
             let mir_args = if let Some(num_untupled) = num_untupled {
                 first_args.len() + num_untupled
@@ -1256,7 +1257,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
                 MergingSucc::False
             }
 
-            mir::TerminatorKind::Drop { place, target, unwind } => {
+            mir::TerminatorKind::Drop { place, target, unwind, replace: _ } => {
                 self.codegen_drop_terminator(helper, bx, place, target, unwind, mergeable_succ())
             }
 
@@ -1386,6 +1387,16 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
                     (llval, align, true)
                 }
             }
+            ZeroSized => match arg.mode {
+                PassMode::Indirect { .. } => {
+                    // Though `extern "Rust"` doesn't pass ZSTs, some ABIs pass
+                    // a pointer for `repr(C)` structs even when empty, so get
+                    // one from an `alloca` (which can be left uninitialized).
+                    let scratch = PlaceRef::alloca(bx, arg.layout);
+                    (scratch.llval, scratch.align, true)
+                }
+                _ => bug!("ZST {op:?} wasn't ignored, but was passed with abi {arg:?}"),
+            },
         };
 
         if by_ref && !arg.is_indirect() {
@@ -1450,11 +1461,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
     ) -> OperandRef<'tcx, Bx::Value> {
         let tcx = bx.tcx();
 
-        let mut span_to_caller_location = |mut span: Span| {
-            // Remove `Inlined` marks as they pollute `expansion_cause`.
-            while span.is_inlined() {
-                span.remove_mark();
-            }
+        let mut span_to_caller_location = |span: Span| {
             let topmost = span.ctxt().outer_expn().expansion_cause().unwrap_or(span);
             let caller = tcx.sess.source_map().lookup_char_pos(topmost.lo());
             let const_loc = tcx.const_caller_location((
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/debuginfo.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/debuginfo.rs
index 4e5e2dd5d50..4f79c6a3d82 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/debuginfo.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/debuginfo.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use rustc_middle::ty::layout::{HasTyCtxt, LayoutOf};
 use rustc_session::config::DebugInfo;
 use rustc_span::symbol::{kw, Symbol};
 use rustc_span::{BytePos, Span};
-use rustc_target::abi::{Abi, FieldIdx, Size, VariantIdx};
+use rustc_target::abi::{Abi, FieldIdx, FieldsShape, Size, VariantIdx};
 
 use super::operand::{OperandRef, OperandValue};
 use super::place::PlaceRef;
@@ -41,6 +41,9 @@ pub struct PerLocalVarDebugInfo<'tcx, D> {
 
     /// `.place.projection` from `mir::VarDebugInfo`.
     pub projection: &'tcx ty::List<mir::PlaceElem<'tcx>>,
+
+    /// `references` from `mir::VarDebugInfo`.
+    pub references: u8,
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
@@ -80,6 +83,7 @@ trait DebugInfoOffsetLocation<'tcx, Bx> {
     fn deref(&self, bx: &mut Bx) -> Self;
     fn layout(&self) -> TyAndLayout<'tcx>;
     fn project_field(&self, bx: &mut Bx, field: FieldIdx) -> Self;
+    fn project_constant_index(&self, bx: &mut Bx, offset: u64) -> Self;
     fn downcast(&self, bx: &mut Bx, variant: VariantIdx) -> Self;
 }
 
@@ -98,6 +102,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> DebugInfoOffsetLocation<'tcx, Bx>
         PlaceRef::project_field(*self, bx, field.index())
     }
 
+    fn project_constant_index(&self, bx: &mut Bx, offset: u64) -> Self {
+        let lloffset = bx.cx().const_usize(offset);
+        self.project_index(bx, lloffset)
+    }
+
     fn downcast(&self, bx: &mut Bx, variant: VariantIdx) -> Self {
         self.project_downcast(bx, variant)
     }
@@ -120,6 +129,10 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> DebugInfoOffsetLocation<'tcx, Bx>
         self.field(bx.cx(), field.index())
     }
 
+    fn project_constant_index(&self, bx: &mut Bx, index: u64) -> Self {
+        self.field(bx.cx(), index as usize)
+    }
+
     fn downcast(&self, bx: &mut Bx, variant: VariantIdx) -> Self {
         self.for_variant(bx.cx(), variant)
     }
@@ -165,6 +178,18 @@ fn calculate_debuginfo_offset<
             mir::ProjectionElem::Downcast(_, variant) => {
                 place = place.downcast(bx, variant);
             }
+            mir::ProjectionElem::ConstantIndex {
+                offset: index,
+                min_length: _,
+                from_end: false,
+            } => {
+                let offset = indirect_offsets.last_mut().unwrap_or(&mut direct_offset);
+                let FieldsShape::Array { stride, count: _ } = place.layout().fields else {
+                    span_bug!(var.source_info.span, "ConstantIndex on non-array type {:?}", place.layout())
+                };
+                *offset += stride * index;
+                place = place.project_constant_index(bx, index);
+            }
             _ => {
                 // Sanity check for `can_use_in_debuginfo`.
                 debug_assert!(!elem.can_use_in_debuginfo());
@@ -293,6 +318,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
                     dbg_var,
                     fragment: None,
                     projection: ty::List::empty(),
+                    references: 0,
                 })
             }
         } else {
@@ -326,6 +352,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
                         bx.set_var_name(a, &(name.clone() + ".0"));
                         bx.set_var_name(b, &(name.clone() + ".1"));
                     }
+                    OperandValue::ZeroSized => {
+                        // These never have a value to talk about
+                    }
                 },
                 LocalRef::PendingOperand => {}
             }
@@ -358,55 +387,74 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
         let vars = vars.iter().cloned().chain(fallback_var);
 
         for var in vars {
-            let Some(dbg_var) = var.dbg_var else { continue };
-            let Some(dbg_loc) = self.dbg_loc(var.source_info) else { continue };
-
-            let DebugInfoOffset { direct_offset, indirect_offsets, result: _ } =
-                calculate_debuginfo_offset(bx, local, &var, base.layout);
-
-            // When targeting MSVC, create extra allocas for arguments instead of pointing multiple
-            // dbg_var_addr() calls into the same alloca with offsets. MSVC uses CodeView records
-            // not DWARF and LLVM doesn't support translating the resulting
-            // [DW_OP_deref, DW_OP_plus_uconst, offset, DW_OP_deref] debug info to CodeView.
-            // Creating extra allocas on the stack makes the resulting debug info simple enough
-            // that LLVM can generate correct CodeView records and thus the values appear in the
-            // debugger. (#83709)
-            let should_create_individual_allocas = bx.cx().sess().target.is_like_msvc
-                && self.mir.local_kind(local) == mir::LocalKind::Arg
-                // LLVM can handle simple things but anything more complex than just a direct
-                // offset or one indirect offset of 0 is too complex for it to generate CV records
-                // correctly.
-                && (direct_offset != Size::ZERO
-                    || !matches!(&indirect_offsets[..], [Size::ZERO] | []));
-
-            if should_create_individual_allocas {
-                let DebugInfoOffset { direct_offset: _, indirect_offsets: _, result: place } =
-                    calculate_debuginfo_offset(bx, local, &var, base);
-
-                // Create a variable which will be a pointer to the actual value
-                let ptr_ty = bx
-                    .tcx()
-                    .mk_ptr(ty::TypeAndMut { mutbl: mir::Mutability::Mut, ty: place.layout.ty });
-                let ptr_layout = bx.layout_of(ptr_ty);
-                let alloca = PlaceRef::alloca(bx, ptr_layout);
-                bx.set_var_name(alloca.llval, &(var.name.to_string() + ".dbg.spill"));
-
-                // Write the pointer to the variable
-                bx.store(place.llval, alloca.llval, alloca.align);
-
-                // Point the debug info to `*alloca` for the current variable
-                bx.dbg_var_addr(dbg_var, dbg_loc, alloca.llval, Size::ZERO, &[Size::ZERO], None);
-            } else {
-                bx.dbg_var_addr(
-                    dbg_var,
-                    dbg_loc,
-                    base.llval,
-                    direct_offset,
-                    &indirect_offsets,
-                    None,
-                );
+            self.debug_introduce_local_as_var(bx, local, base, var);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn debug_introduce_local_as_var(
+        &self,
+        bx: &mut Bx,
+        local: mir::Local,
+        mut base: PlaceRef<'tcx, Bx::Value>,
+        var: PerLocalVarDebugInfo<'tcx, Bx::DIVariable>,
+    ) {
+        let Some(dbg_var) = var.dbg_var else { return };
+        let Some(dbg_loc) = self.dbg_loc(var.source_info) else { return };
+
+        let DebugInfoOffset { mut direct_offset, indirect_offsets, result: _ } =
+            calculate_debuginfo_offset(bx, local, &var, base.layout);
+        let mut indirect_offsets = &indirect_offsets[..];
+
+        // When targeting MSVC, create extra allocas for arguments instead of pointing multiple
+        // dbg_var_addr() calls into the same alloca with offsets. MSVC uses CodeView records
+        // not DWARF and LLVM doesn't support translating the resulting
+        // [DW_OP_deref, DW_OP_plus_uconst, offset, DW_OP_deref] debug info to CodeView.
+        // Creating extra allocas on the stack makes the resulting debug info simple enough
+        // that LLVM can generate correct CodeView records and thus the values appear in the
+        // debugger. (#83709)
+        let should_create_individual_allocas = bx.cx().sess().target.is_like_msvc
+            && self.mir.local_kind(local) == mir::LocalKind::Arg
+            // LLVM can handle simple things but anything more complex than just a direct
+            // offset or one indirect offset of 0 is too complex for it to generate CV records
+            // correctly.
+            && (direct_offset != Size::ZERO || !matches!(indirect_offsets, [Size::ZERO] | []));
+
+        let create_alloca = |bx: &mut Bx, place: PlaceRef<'tcx, Bx::Value>, refcount| {
+            // Create a variable which will be a pointer to the actual value
+            let ptr_ty = bx
+                .tcx()
+                .mk_ptr(ty::TypeAndMut { mutbl: mir::Mutability::Mut, ty: place.layout.ty });
+            let ptr_layout = bx.layout_of(ptr_ty);
+            let alloca = PlaceRef::alloca(bx, ptr_layout);
+            bx.set_var_name(alloca.llval, &format!("{}.ref{}.dbg.spill", var.name, refcount));
+
+            // Write the pointer to the variable
+            bx.store(place.llval, alloca.llval, alloca.align);
+
+            // Point the debug info to `*alloca` for the current variable
+            alloca
+        };
+
+        if var.references > 0 {
+            base = calculate_debuginfo_offset(bx, local, &var, base).result;
+
+            // Point the debug info to `&...&base == alloca` for the current variable
+            for refcount in 0..var.references {
+                base = create_alloca(bx, base, refcount);
             }
+
+            direct_offset = Size::ZERO;
+            indirect_offsets = &[];
+        } else if should_create_individual_allocas {
+            let place = calculate_debuginfo_offset(bx, local, &var, base).result;
+
+            // Point the debug info to `*alloca` for the current variable
+            base = create_alloca(bx, place, 0);
+            direct_offset = Size::ZERO;
+            indirect_offsets = &[Size::ZERO];
         }
+
+        bx.dbg_var_addr(dbg_var, dbg_loc, base.llval, direct_offset, indirect_offsets, None);
     }
 
     pub fn debug_introduce_locals(&self, bx: &mut Bx) {
@@ -439,7 +487,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
             };
 
             let dbg_var = dbg_scope_and_span.map(|(dbg_scope, _, span)| {
-                let (var_ty, var_kind) = match var.value {
+                let (mut var_ty, var_kind) = match var.value {
                     mir::VarDebugInfoContents::Place(place) => {
                         let var_ty = self.monomorphized_place_ty(place.as_ref());
                         let var_kind = if let Some(arg_index) = var.argument_index
@@ -476,6 +524,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
                     }
                 };
 
+                for _ in 0..var.references {
+                    var_ty =
+                        bx.tcx().mk_ptr(ty::TypeAndMut { mutbl: mir::Mutability::Mut, ty: var_ty });
+                }
+
                 self.cx.create_dbg_var(var.name, var_ty, dbg_scope, var_kind, span)
             });
 
@@ -487,6 +540,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
                         dbg_var,
                         fragment: None,
                         projection: place.projection,
+                        references: var.references,
                     });
                 }
                 mir::VarDebugInfoContents::Const(c) => {
@@ -540,6 +594,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
                                 Some(fragment_start..fragment_start + fragment_layout.size)
                             },
                             projection: place.projection,
+                            references: var.references,
                         });
                     }
                 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/mod.rs
index 1204c99e533..2809ec2deb5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/mod.rs
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
         self.instance.subst_mir_and_normalize_erasing_regions(
             self.cx.tcx(),
             ty::ParamEnv::reveal_all(),
-            ty::EarlyBinder(value),
+            ty::EarlyBinder::bind(value),
         )
     }
 }
@@ -129,16 +129,13 @@ enum LocalRef<'tcx, V> {
     PendingOperand,
 }
 
-impl<'a, 'tcx, V: CodegenObject> LocalRef<'tcx, V> {
-    fn new_operand<Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx, Value = V>>(
-        bx: &mut Bx,
-        layout: TyAndLayout<'tcx>,
-    ) -> LocalRef<'tcx, V> {
+impl<'tcx, V: CodegenObject> LocalRef<'tcx, V> {
+    fn new_operand(layout: TyAndLayout<'tcx>) -> LocalRef<'tcx, V> {
         if layout.is_zst() {
             // Zero-size temporaries aren't always initialized, which
             // doesn't matter because they don't contain data, but
             // we need something in the operand.
-            LocalRef::Operand(OperandRef::new_zst(bx, layout))
+            LocalRef::Operand(OperandRef::zero_sized(layout))
         } else {
             LocalRef::PendingOperand
         }
@@ -249,7 +246,7 @@ pub fn codegen_mir<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>>(
                 }
             } else {
                 debug!("alloc: {:?} -> operand", local);
-                LocalRef::new_operand(&mut start_bx, layout)
+                LocalRef::new_operand(layout)
             }
         };
 
@@ -355,7 +352,7 @@ fn arg_local_refs<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>>(
                 let local = |op| LocalRef::Operand(op);
                 match arg.mode {
                     PassMode::Ignore => {
-                        return local(OperandRef::new_zst(bx, arg.layout));
+                        return local(OperandRef::zero_sized(arg.layout));
                     }
                     PassMode::Direct(_) => {
                         let llarg = bx.get_param(llarg_idx);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/operand.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/operand.rs
index 9efbb34b515..31c293d7c29 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/operand.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/operand.rs
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ use crate::traits::*;
 use crate::MemFlags;
 
 use rustc_middle::mir;
-use rustc_middle::mir::interpret::{ConstValue, Pointer, Scalar};
+use rustc_middle::mir::interpret::{alloc_range, ConstValue, Pointer, Scalar};
 use rustc_middle::ty::layout::{LayoutOf, TyAndLayout};
 use rustc_middle::ty::Ty;
-use rustc_target::abi::{Abi, Align, Size};
+use rustc_target::abi::{self, Abi, Align, Size};
 
 use std::fmt;
 
@@ -45,6 +45,14 @@ pub enum OperandValue<V> {
     /// as returned by [`LayoutTypeMethods::scalar_pair_element_backend_type`]
     /// with `immediate: true`.
     Pair(V, V),
+    /// A value taking no bytes, and which therefore needs no LLVM value at all.
+    ///
+    /// If you ever need a `V` to pass to something, get a fresh poison value
+    /// from [`ConstMethods::const_poison`].
+    ///
+    /// An `OperandValue` *must* be this variant for any type for which
+    /// `is_zst` on its `Layout` returns `true`.
+    ZeroSized,
 }
 
 /// An `OperandRef` is an "SSA" reference to a Rust value, along with
@@ -71,15 +79,9 @@ impl<V: CodegenObject> fmt::Debug for OperandRef<'_, V> {
 }
 
 impl<'a, 'tcx, V: CodegenObject> OperandRef<'tcx, V> {
-    pub fn new_zst<Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx, Value = V>>(
-        bx: &mut Bx,
-        layout: TyAndLayout<'tcx>,
-    ) -> OperandRef<'tcx, V> {
+    pub fn zero_sized(layout: TyAndLayout<'tcx>) -> OperandRef<'tcx, V> {
         assert!(layout.is_zst());
-        OperandRef {
-            val: OperandValue::Immediate(bx.const_poison(bx.immediate_backend_type(layout))),
-            layout,
-        }
+        OperandRef { val: OperandValue::ZeroSized, layout }
     }
 
     pub fn from_const<Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx, Value = V>>(
@@ -97,7 +99,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, V: CodegenObject> OperandRef<'tcx, V> {
                 let llval = bx.scalar_to_backend(x, scalar, bx.immediate_backend_type(layout));
                 OperandValue::Immediate(llval)
             }
-            ConstValue::ZeroSized => return OperandRef::new_zst(bx, layout),
+            ConstValue::ZeroSized => return OperandRef::zero_sized(layout),
             ConstValue::Slice { data, start, end } => {
                 let Abi::ScalarPair(a_scalar, _) = layout.abi else {
                     bug!("from_const: invalid ScalarPair layout: {:#?}", layout);
@@ -115,13 +117,82 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, V: CodegenObject> OperandRef<'tcx, V> {
                 OperandValue::Pair(a_llval, b_llval)
             }
             ConstValue::ByRef { alloc, offset } => {
-                return bx.load_operand(bx.from_const_alloc(layout, alloc, offset));
+                return Self::from_const_alloc(bx, layout, alloc, offset);
             }
         };
 
         OperandRef { val, layout }
     }
 
+    fn from_const_alloc<Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx, Value = V>>(
+        bx: &mut Bx,
+        layout: TyAndLayout<'tcx>,
+        alloc: rustc_middle::mir::interpret::ConstAllocation<'tcx>,
+        offset: Size,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let alloc_align = alloc.inner().align;
+        assert_eq!(alloc_align, layout.align.abi);
+        let ty = bx.type_ptr_to(bx.cx().backend_type(layout));
+
+        let read_scalar = |start, size, s: abi::Scalar, ty| {
+            let val = alloc
+                .0
+                .read_scalar(
+                    bx,
+                    alloc_range(start, size),
+                    /*read_provenance*/ matches!(s.primitive(), abi::Pointer(_)),
+                )
+                .unwrap();
+            bx.scalar_to_backend(val, s, ty)
+        };
+
+        // It may seem like all types with `Scalar` or `ScalarPair` ABI are fair game at this point.
+        // However, `MaybeUninit<u64>` is considered a `Scalar` as far as its layout is concerned --
+        // and yet cannot be represented by an interpreter `Scalar`, since we have to handle the
+        // case where some of the bytes are initialized and others are not. So, we need an extra
+        // check that walks over the type of `mplace` to make sure it is truly correct to treat this
+        // like a `Scalar` (or `ScalarPair`).
+        match layout.abi {
+            Abi::Scalar(s @ abi::Scalar::Initialized { .. }) => {
+                let size = s.size(bx);
+                assert_eq!(size, layout.size, "abi::Scalar size does not match layout size");
+                let val = read_scalar(Size::ZERO, size, s, ty);
+                OperandRef { val: OperandValue::Immediate(val), layout }
+            }
+            Abi::ScalarPair(
+                a @ abi::Scalar::Initialized { .. },
+                b @ abi::Scalar::Initialized { .. },
+            ) => {
+                let (a_size, b_size) = (a.size(bx), b.size(bx));
+                let b_offset = a_size.align_to(b.align(bx).abi);
+                assert!(b_offset.bytes() > 0);
+                let a_val = read_scalar(
+                    Size::ZERO,
+                    a_size,
+                    a,
+                    bx.scalar_pair_element_backend_type(layout, 0, true),
+                );
+                let b_val = read_scalar(
+                    b_offset,
+                    b_size,
+                    b,
+                    bx.scalar_pair_element_backend_type(layout, 1, true),
+                );
+                OperandRef { val: OperandValue::Pair(a_val, b_val), layout }
+            }
+            _ if layout.is_zst() => OperandRef::zero_sized(layout),
+            _ => {
+                // Neither a scalar nor scalar pair. Load from a place
+                let init = bx.const_data_from_alloc(alloc);
+                let base_addr = bx.static_addr_of(init, alloc_align, None);
+
+                let llval = bx.const_ptr_byte_offset(base_addr, offset);
+                let llval = bx.const_bitcast(llval, ty);
+                bx.load_operand(PlaceRef::new_sized(llval, layout))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Asserts that this operand refers to a scalar and returns
     /// a reference to its value.
     pub fn immediate(self) -> V {
@@ -147,6 +218,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, V: CodegenObject> OperandRef<'tcx, V> {
             OperandValue::Immediate(llptr) => (llptr, None),
             OperandValue::Pair(llptr, llextra) => (llptr, Some(llextra)),
             OperandValue::Ref(..) => bug!("Deref of by-Ref operand {:?}", self),
+            OperandValue::ZeroSized => bug!("Deref of ZST operand {:?}", self),
         };
         let layout = cx.layout_of(projected_ty);
         PlaceRef { llval: llptr, llextra, layout, align: layout.align.abi }
@@ -204,9 +276,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, V: CodegenObject> OperandRef<'tcx, V> {
 
         let mut val = match (self.val, self.layout.abi) {
             // If the field is ZST, it has no data.
-            _ if field.is_zst() => {
-                return OperandRef::new_zst(bx, field);
-            }
+            _ if field.is_zst() => OperandValue::ZeroSized,
 
             // Newtype of a scalar, scalar pair or vector.
             (OperandValue::Immediate(_) | OperandValue::Pair(..), _)
@@ -237,6 +307,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, V: CodegenObject> OperandRef<'tcx, V> {
         };
 
         match (&mut val, field.abi) {
+            (OperandValue::ZeroSized, _) => {}
             (
                 OperandValue::Immediate(llval),
                 Abi::Scalar(_) | Abi::ScalarPair(..) | Abi::Vector { .. },
@@ -290,8 +361,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, V: CodegenObject> OperandRef<'tcx, V> {
 impl<'a, 'tcx, V: CodegenObject> OperandValue<V> {
     /// Returns an `OperandValue` that's generally UB to use in any way.
     ///
-    /// Depending on the `layout`, returns an `Immediate` or `Pair` containing
-    /// poison value(s), or a `Ref` containing a poison pointer.
+    /// Depending on the `layout`, returns `ZeroSized` for ZSTs, an `Immediate` or
+    /// `Pair` containing poison value(s), or a `Ref` containing a poison pointer.
     ///
     /// Supports sized types only.
     pub fn poison<Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx, Value = V>>(
@@ -299,7 +370,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, V: CodegenObject> OperandValue<V> {
         layout: TyAndLayout<'tcx>,
     ) -> OperandValue<V> {
         assert!(layout.is_sized());
-        if bx.cx().is_backend_immediate(layout) {
+        if layout.is_zst() {
+            OperandValue::ZeroSized
+        } else if bx.cx().is_backend_immediate(layout) {
             let ibty = bx.cx().immediate_backend_type(layout);
             OperandValue::Immediate(bx.const_poison(ibty))
         } else if bx.cx().is_backend_scalar_pair(layout) {
@@ -352,12 +425,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, V: CodegenObject> OperandValue<V> {
         flags: MemFlags,
     ) {
         debug!("OperandRef::store: operand={:?}, dest={:?}", self, dest);
-        // Avoid generating stores of zero-sized values, because the only way to have a zero-sized
-        // value is through `undef`, and store itself is useless.
-        if dest.layout.is_zst() {
-            return;
-        }
         match self {
+            OperandValue::ZeroSized => {
+                // Avoid generating stores of zero-sized values, because the only way to have a zero-sized
+                // value is through `undef`/`poison`, and the store itself is useless.
+            }
             OperandValue::Ref(r, None, source_align) => {
                 if flags.contains(MemFlags::NONTEMPORAL) {
                     // HACK(nox): This is inefficient but there is no nontemporal memcpy.
@@ -402,8 +474,6 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, V: CodegenObject> OperandValue<V> {
         indirect_dest: PlaceRef<'tcx, V>,
     ) {
         debug!("OperandRef::store_unsized: operand={:?}, indirect_dest={:?}", self, indirect_dest);
-        let flags = MemFlags::empty();
-
         // `indirect_dest` must have `*mut T` type. We extract `T` out of it.
         let unsized_ty = indirect_dest
             .layout
@@ -416,17 +486,23 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, V: CodegenObject> OperandValue<V> {
             bug!("store_unsized called with a sized value")
         };
 
-        // FIXME: choose an appropriate alignment, or use dynamic align somehow
-        let max_align = Align::from_bits(128).unwrap();
-        let min_align = Align::from_bits(8).unwrap();
-
-        // Allocate an appropriate region on the stack, and copy the value into it
-        let (llsize, _) = glue::size_and_align_of_dst(bx, unsized_ty, Some(llextra));
-        let lldst = bx.byte_array_alloca(llsize, max_align);
-        bx.memcpy(lldst, max_align, llptr, min_align, llsize, flags);
+        // Allocate an appropriate region on the stack, and copy the value into it. Since alloca
+        // doesn't support dynamic alignment, we allocate an extra align - 1 bytes, and align the
+        // pointer manually.
+        let (size, align) = glue::size_and_align_of_dst(bx, unsized_ty, Some(llextra));
+        let one = bx.const_usize(1);
+        let align_minus_1 = bx.sub(align, one);
+        let size_extra = bx.add(size, align_minus_1);
+        let min_align = Align::ONE;
+        let alloca = bx.byte_array_alloca(size_extra, min_align);
+        let address = bx.ptrtoint(alloca, bx.type_isize());
+        let neg_address = bx.neg(address);
+        let offset = bx.and(neg_address, align_minus_1);
+        let dst = bx.inbounds_gep(bx.type_i8(), alloca, &[offset]);
+        bx.memcpy(dst, min_align, llptr, min_align, size, MemFlags::empty());
 
         // Store the allocated region and the extra to the indirect place.
-        let indirect_operand = OperandValue::Pair(lldst, llextra);
+        let indirect_operand = OperandValue::Pair(dst, llextra);
         indirect_operand.store(bx, indirect_dest);
     }
 }
@@ -454,7 +530,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
                             // checks in `codegen_consume` and `extract_field`.
                             let elem = o.layout.field(bx.cx(), 0);
                             if elem.is_zst() {
-                                o = OperandRef::new_zst(bx, elem);
+                                o = OperandRef::zero_sized(elem);
                             } else {
                                 return None;
                             }
@@ -488,7 +564,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
 
         // ZSTs don't require any actual memory access.
         if layout.is_zst() {
-            return OperandRef::new_zst(bx, layout);
+            return OperandRef::zero_sized(layout);
         }
 
         if let Some(o) = self.maybe_codegen_consume_direct(bx, place_ref) {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/rvalue.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/rvalue.rs
index 6e7065713b8..5241a5aee00 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/rvalue.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/rvalue.rs
@@ -70,6 +70,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
                     OperandValue::Ref(_, Some(_), _) => {
                         bug!("unsized coercion on an unsized rvalue");
                     }
+                    OperandValue::ZeroSized => {
+                        bug!("unsized coercion on a ZST rvalue");
+                    }
                 }
             }
 
@@ -165,11 +168,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
         }
 
         match src.val {
-            OperandValue::Ref(..) => {
+            OperandValue::Ref(..) | OperandValue::ZeroSized => {
                 span_bug!(
                     self.mir.span,
                     "Operand path should have handled transmute \
-                    from `Ref` {src:?} to place {dst:?}"
+                    from {src:?} to place {dst:?}"
                 );
             }
             OperandValue::Immediate(..) | OperandValue::Pair(..) => {
@@ -220,17 +223,22 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
                 let fake_place = PlaceRef::new_sized_aligned(cast_ptr, cast, align);
                 Some(bx.load_operand(fake_place).val)
             }
+            OperandValue::ZeroSized => {
+                let OperandValueKind::ZeroSized = operand_kind else {
+                    bug!("Found {operand_kind:?} for operand {operand:?}");
+                };
+                if let OperandValueKind::ZeroSized = cast_kind {
+                    Some(OperandValue::ZeroSized)
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            }
             OperandValue::Immediate(imm) => {
                 let OperandValueKind::Immediate(in_scalar) = operand_kind else {
                     bug!("Found {operand_kind:?} for operand {operand:?}");
                 };
-                if let OperandValueKind::Immediate(out_scalar) = cast_kind {
-                    match (in_scalar, out_scalar) {
-                        (ScalarOrZst::Zst, ScalarOrZst::Zst) => {
-                            Some(OperandRef::new_zst(bx, cast).val)
-                        }
-                        (ScalarOrZst::Scalar(in_scalar), ScalarOrZst::Scalar(out_scalar))
-                            if in_scalar.size(self.cx) == out_scalar.size(self.cx) =>
+                if let OperandValueKind::Immediate(out_scalar) = cast_kind
+                    && in_scalar.size(self.cx) == out_scalar.size(self.cx)
                         {
                             let operand_bty = bx.backend_type(operand.layout);
                             let cast_bty = bx.backend_type(cast);
@@ -242,9 +250,6 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
                                 out_scalar,
                                 cast_bty,
                             )))
-                        }
-                        _ => None,
-                    }
                 } else {
                     None
                 }
@@ -457,6 +462,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
                             OperandValue::Ref(..) => {
                                 bug!("by-ref operand {:?} in `codegen_rvalue_operand`", operand);
                             }
+                            OperandValue::ZeroSized => {
+                                bug!("zero-sized operand {:?} in `codegen_rvalue_operand`", operand);
+                            }
                         };
                         let (lldata, llextra) =
                             base::unsize_ptr(bx, lldata, operand.layout.ty, cast.ty, llextra);
@@ -490,6 +498,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
                             OperandValue::Ref(_, _, _) => todo!(),
                             OperandValue::Immediate(v) => (v, None),
                             OperandValue::Pair(v, l) => (v, Some(l)),
+                            OperandValue::ZeroSized => bug!("ZST -- which is not PointerLike -- in DynStar"),
                         };
                         let (lldata, llextra) =
                             base::cast_to_dyn_star(bx, lldata, operand.layout, cast.ty, llextra);
@@ -668,11 +677,16 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
 
             mir::Rvalue::NullaryOp(ref null_op, ty) => {
                 let ty = self.monomorphize(ty);
-                assert!(bx.cx().type_is_sized(ty));
                 let layout = bx.cx().layout_of(ty);
                 let val = match null_op {
-                    mir::NullOp::SizeOf => layout.size.bytes(),
-                    mir::NullOp::AlignOf => layout.align.abi.bytes(),
+                    mir::NullOp::SizeOf => {
+                        assert!(bx.cx().type_is_sized(ty));
+                        layout.size.bytes()
+                    }
+                    mir::NullOp::AlignOf => {
+                        assert!(bx.cx().type_is_sized(ty));
+                        layout.align.abi.bytes()
+                    }
                     mir::NullOp::OffsetOf(fields) => {
                         layout.offset_of_subfield(bx.cx(), fields.iter().map(|f| f.index())).bytes()
                     }
@@ -713,7 +727,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
                 // According to `rvalue_creates_operand`, only ZST
                 // aggregate rvalues are allowed to be operands.
                 let ty = rvalue.ty(self.mir, self.cx.tcx());
-                OperandRef::new_zst(bx, self.cx.layout_of(self.monomorphize(ty)))
+                OperandRef::zero_sized(self.cx.layout_of(self.monomorphize(ty)))
             }
             mir::Rvalue::ShallowInitBox(ref operand, content_ty) => {
                 let operand = self.codegen_operand(bx, operand);
@@ -931,6 +945,12 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
                     // Can always load from a pointer as needed
                     (OperandValueKind::Ref, _) => true,
 
+                    // ZST-to-ZST is the easiest thing ever
+                    (OperandValueKind::ZeroSized, OperandValueKind::ZeroSized) => true,
+
+                    // But if only one of them is a ZST the sizes can't match
+                    (OperandValueKind::ZeroSized, _) | (_, OperandValueKind::ZeroSized) => false,
+
                     // Need to generate an `alloc` to get a pointer from an immediate
                     (OperandValueKind::Immediate(..) | OperandValueKind::Pair(..), OperandValueKind::Ref) => false,
 
@@ -974,12 +994,13 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
 
     /// Gets which variant of [`OperandValue`] is expected for a particular type.
     fn value_kind(&self, layout: TyAndLayout<'tcx>) -> OperandValueKind {
-        if self.cx.is_backend_immediate(layout) {
+        if layout.is_zst() {
+            OperandValueKind::ZeroSized
+        } else if self.cx.is_backend_immediate(layout) {
             debug_assert!(!self.cx.is_backend_scalar_pair(layout));
             OperandValueKind::Immediate(match layout.abi {
-                abi::Abi::Scalar(s) => ScalarOrZst::Scalar(s),
-                abi::Abi::Vector { element, .. } => ScalarOrZst::Scalar(element),
-                _ if layout.is_zst() => ScalarOrZst::Zst,
+                abi::Abi::Scalar(s) => s,
+                abi::Abi::Vector { element, .. } => element,
                 x => span_bug!(self.mir.span, "Couldn't translate {x:?} as backend immediate"),
             })
         } else if self.cx.is_backend_scalar_pair(layout) {
@@ -1002,21 +1023,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
 enum OperandValueKind {
     Ref,
-    Immediate(ScalarOrZst),
+    Immediate(abi::Scalar),
     Pair(abi::Scalar, abi::Scalar),
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
-enum ScalarOrZst {
-    Zst,
-    Scalar(abi::Scalar),
-}
-
-impl ScalarOrZst {
-    pub fn size(self, cx: &impl abi::HasDataLayout) -> abi::Size {
-        match self {
-            ScalarOrZst::Zst => abi::Size::ZERO,
-            ScalarOrZst::Scalar(s) => s.size(cx),
-        }
-    }
+    ZeroSized,
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/target_features.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/target_features.rs
index 1cfc4b933a8..c5976a65411 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/target_features.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/target_features.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use rustc_hir::def::DefKind;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::LocalDefId;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::LOCAL_CRATE;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
 use rustc_session::parse::feature_err;
 use rustc_session::Session;
@@ -173,16 +173,13 @@ const X86_ALLOWED_FEATURES: &[(&str, Option<Symbol>)] = &[
     ("avx512dq", Some(sym::avx512_target_feature)),
     ("avx512er", Some(sym::avx512_target_feature)),
     ("avx512f", Some(sym::avx512_target_feature)),
-    ("avx512gfni", Some(sym::avx512_target_feature)),
     ("avx512ifma", Some(sym::avx512_target_feature)),
     ("avx512pf", Some(sym::avx512_target_feature)),
-    ("avx512vaes", Some(sym::avx512_target_feature)),
     ("avx512vbmi", Some(sym::avx512_target_feature)),
     ("avx512vbmi2", Some(sym::avx512_target_feature)),
     ("avx512vl", Some(sym::avx512_target_feature)),
     ("avx512vnni", Some(sym::avx512_target_feature)),
     ("avx512vp2intersect", Some(sym::avx512_target_feature)),
-    ("avx512vpclmulqdq", Some(sym::avx512_target_feature)),
     ("avx512vpopcntdq", Some(sym::avx512_target_feature)),
     ("bmi1", None),
     ("bmi2", None),
@@ -253,6 +250,7 @@ const RISCV_ALLOWED_FEATURES: &[(&str, Option<Symbol>)] = &[
     ("f", Some(sym::riscv_target_feature)),
     ("m", Some(sym::riscv_target_feature)),
     ("relax", Some(sym::riscv_target_feature)),
+    ("unaligned-scalar-mem", Some(sym::riscv_target_feature)),
     ("v", Some(sym::riscv_target_feature)),
     ("zba", Some(sym::riscv_target_feature)),
     ("zbb", Some(sym::riscv_target_feature)),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/traits/backend.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/traits/backend.rs
index 64bebe50ddb..d83bfc74082 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/traits/backend.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/traits/backend.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+use std::any::Any;
+
 use super::write::WriteBackendMethods;
 use super::CodegenObject;
 use crate::back::write::TargetMachineFactoryFn;
@@ -5,11 +7,12 @@ use crate::{CodegenResults, ModuleCodegen};
 
 use rustc_ast::expand::allocator::AllocatorKind;
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashMap;
+use rustc_data_structures::sync::{DynSend, DynSync};
 use rustc_errors::ErrorGuaranteed;
 use rustc_metadata::EncodedMetadata;
 use rustc_middle::dep_graph::{WorkProduct, WorkProductId};
+use rustc_middle::query::{ExternProviders, Providers};
 use rustc_middle::ty::layout::{FnAbiOf, HasTyCtxt, LayoutOf, TyAndLayout};
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::{ExternProviders, Providers};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{Ty, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_session::{
     config::{self, OutputFilenames, PrintRequest},
@@ -20,10 +23,6 @@ use rustc_span::symbol::Symbol;
 use rustc_target::abi::call::FnAbi;
 use rustc_target::spec::Target;
 
-pub use rustc_data_structures::sync::MetadataRef;
-
-use std::any::Any;
-
 pub trait BackendTypes {
     type Value: CodegenObject;
     type Function: CodegenObject;
@@ -117,7 +116,9 @@ pub trait CodegenBackend {
     ) -> Result<(), ErrorGuaranteed>;
 }
 
-pub trait ExtraBackendMethods: CodegenBackend + WriteBackendMethods + Sized + Send + Sync {
+pub trait ExtraBackendMethods:
+    CodegenBackend + WriteBackendMethods + Sized + Send + Sync + DynSend + DynSync
+{
     fn codegen_allocator<'tcx>(
         &self,
         tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/traits/consts.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/traits/consts.rs
index 61906302779..dc2fc396480 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/traits/consts.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/traits/consts.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 use super::BackendTypes;
-use crate::mir::place::PlaceRef;
 use rustc_middle::mir::interpret::{ConstAllocation, Scalar};
-use rustc_middle::ty::layout::TyAndLayout;
-use rustc_target::abi::{self, Size};
+use rustc_target::abi;
 
 pub trait ConstMethods<'tcx>: BackendTypes {
     // Constant constructors
@@ -30,12 +28,8 @@ pub trait ConstMethods<'tcx>: BackendTypes {
     fn const_data_from_alloc(&self, alloc: ConstAllocation<'tcx>) -> Self::Value;
 
     fn scalar_to_backend(&self, cv: Scalar, layout: abi::Scalar, llty: Self::Type) -> Self::Value;
-    fn from_const_alloc(
-        &self,
-        layout: TyAndLayout<'tcx>,
-        alloc: ConstAllocation<'tcx>,
-        offset: Size,
-    ) -> PlaceRef<'tcx, Self::Value>;
 
     fn const_ptrcast(&self, val: Self::Value, ty: Self::Type) -> Self::Value;
+    fn const_bitcast(&self, val: Self::Value, ty: Self::Type) -> Self::Value;
+    fn const_ptr_byte_offset(&self, val: Self::Value, offset: abi::Size) -> Self::Value;
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/messages.ftl
index f6751df443f..917bd829572 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/messages.ftl
@@ -1,40 +1,66 @@
-const_eval_unstable_in_stable =
-    const-stable function cannot use `#[feature({$gate})]`
-    .unstable_sugg = if it is not part of the public API, make this function unstably const
-    .bypass_sugg = otherwise `#[rustc_allow_const_fn_unstable]` can be used to bypass stability checks
+const_eval_interior_mutability_borrow =
+    cannot borrow here, since the borrowed element may contain interior mutability
 
-const_eval_thread_local_access =
-    thread-local statics cannot be accessed at compile-time
+const_eval_interior_mutable_data_refer =
+    {$kind}s cannot refer to interior mutable data
+    .label = this borrow of an interior mutable value may end up in the final value
+    .help = to fix this, the value can be extracted to a separate `static` item and then referenced
+    .teach_note =
+        A constant containing interior mutable data behind a reference can allow you to modify that data.
+        This would make multiple uses of a constant to be able to see different values and allow circumventing
+        the `Send` and `Sync` requirements for shared mutable data, which is unsound.
 
-const_eval_static_access =
-    {$kind}s cannot refer to statics
-    .help = consider extracting the value of the `static` to a `const`, and referring to that
-    .teach_note = `static` and `const` variables can refer to other `const` variables. A `const` variable, however, cannot refer to a `static` variable.
-    .teach_help = To fix this, the value can be extracted to a `const` and then used.
+const_eval_long_running =
+    constant evaluation is taking a long time
+    .note = this lint makes sure the compiler doesn't get stuck due to infinite loops in const eval.
+        If your compilation actually takes a long time, you can safely allow the lint.
+    .label = the const evaluator is currently interpreting this expression
+    .help = the constant being evaluated
+const_eval_max_num_nodes_in_const = maximum number of nodes exceeded in constant {$global_const_id}
 
-const_eval_raw_ptr_to_int =
-    pointers cannot be cast to integers during const eval
-    .note = at compile-time, pointers do not have an integer value
-    .note2 = avoiding this restriction via `transmute`, `union`, or raw pointers leads to compile-time undefined behavior
+const_eval_mut_deref =
+    mutation through a reference is not allowed in {$kind}s
+
+const_eval_non_const_fmt_macro_call =
+    cannot call non-const formatting macro in {$kind}s
+
+const_eval_non_const_fn_call =
+    cannot call non-const fn `{$def_path_str}` in {$kind}s
+
+const_eval_panic_non_str = argument to `panic!()` in a const context must have type `&str`
 
 const_eval_raw_ptr_comparison =
     pointers cannot be reliably compared during const eval
     .note = see issue #53020 <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/53020> for more information
 
-const_eval_panic_non_str = argument to `panic!()` in a const context must have type `&str`
+const_eval_raw_ptr_to_int =
+    pointers cannot be cast to integers during const eval
+    .note = at compile-time, pointers do not have an integer value
+    .note2 = avoiding this restriction via `transmute`, `union`, or raw pointers leads to compile-time undefined behavior
 
-const_eval_mut_deref =
-    mutation through a reference is not allowed in {$kind}s
+const_eval_static_access =
+    {$kind}s cannot refer to statics
+    .help = consider extracting the value of the `static` to a `const`, and referring to that
+    .teach_note = `static` and `const` variables can refer to other `const` variables. A `const` variable, however, cannot refer to a `static` variable.
+    .teach_help = To fix this, the value can be extracted to a `const` and then used.
+
+const_eval_thread_local_access =
+    thread-local statics cannot be accessed at compile-time
 
 const_eval_transient_mut_borrow = mutable references are not allowed in {$kind}s
 
 const_eval_transient_mut_borrow_raw = raw mutable references are not allowed in {$kind}s
 
-const_eval_max_num_nodes_in_const = maximum number of nodes exceeded in constant {$global_const_id}
-
 const_eval_unallowed_fn_pointer_call = function pointer calls are not allowed in {$kind}s
 
-const_eval_unstable_const_fn = `{$def_path}` is not yet stable as a const fn
+const_eval_unallowed_heap_allocations =
+    allocations are not allowed in {$kind}s
+    .label = allocation not allowed in {$kind}s
+    .teach_note =
+        The value of statics and constants must be known at compile time, and they live for the entire lifetime of a program. Creating a boxed value allocates memory on the heap at runtime, and therefore cannot be done at compile time.
+
+const_eval_unallowed_inline_asm =
+    inline assembly is not allowed in {$kind}s
 
 const_eval_unallowed_mutable_refs =
     mutable references are not allowed in the final value of {$kind}s
@@ -60,32 +86,12 @@ const_eval_unallowed_mutable_refs_raw =
 
         If you really want global mutable state, try using static mut or a global UnsafeCell.
 
-const_eval_non_const_fmt_macro_call =
-    cannot call non-const formatting macro in {$kind}s
-
-const_eval_non_const_fn_call =
-    cannot call non-const fn `{$def_path_str}` in {$kind}s
-
 const_eval_unallowed_op_in_const_context =
     {$msg}
 
-const_eval_unallowed_heap_allocations =
-    allocations are not allowed in {$kind}s
-    .label = allocation not allowed in {$kind}s
-    .teach_note =
-        The value of statics and constants must be known at compile time, and they live for the entire lifetime of a program. Creating a boxed value allocates memory on the heap at runtime, and therefore cannot be done at compile time.
-
-const_eval_unallowed_inline_asm =
-    inline assembly is not allowed in {$kind}s
-
-const_eval_interior_mutable_data_refer =
-    {$kind}s cannot refer to interior mutable data
-    .label = this borrow of an interior mutable value may end up in the final value
-    .help = to fix this, the value can be extracted to a separate `static` item and then referenced
-    .teach_note =
-        A constant containing interior mutable data behind a reference can allow you to modify that data.
-        This would make multiple uses of a constant to be able to see different values and allow circumventing
-        the `Send` and `Sync` requirements for shared mutable data, which is unsound.
+const_eval_unstable_const_fn = `{$def_path}` is not yet stable as a const fn
 
-const_eval_interior_mutability_borrow =
-    cannot borrow here, since the borrowed element may contain interior mutability
+const_eval_unstable_in_stable =
+    const-stable function cannot use `#[feature({$gate})]`
+    .unstable_sugg = if it is not part of the public API, make this function unstably const
+    .bypass_sugg = otherwise `#[rustc_allow_const_fn_unstable]` can be used to bypass stability checks
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/const_eval/error.rs b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/const_eval/error.rs
index cdef3fb2339..c591ff75ab8 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/const_eval/error.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/const_eval/error.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@ use std::fmt;
 
 use rustc_errors::Diagnostic;
 use rustc_middle::mir::AssertKind;
-use rustc_middle::ty::{layout::LayoutError, query::TyCtxtAt, ConstInt};
+use rustc_middle::query::TyCtxtAt;
+use rustc_middle::ty::{layout::LayoutError, ConstInt};
 use rustc_span::{Span, Symbol};
 
 use super::InterpCx;
@@ -169,14 +170,14 @@ impl<'tcx> ConstEvalErr<'tcx> {
                 // See <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/63152>.
                 let mut err = struct_error(tcx, &self.error.to_string());
                 self.decorate(&mut err, decorate);
-                ErrorHandled::Reported(err.emit())
+                ErrorHandled::Reported(err.emit().into())
             }
             _ => {
                 // Report as hard error.
                 let mut err = struct_error(tcx, message);
                 err.span_label(self.span, self.error.to_string());
                 self.decorate(&mut err, decorate);
-                ErrorHandled::Reported(err.emit())
+                ErrorHandled::Reported(err.emit().into())
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/const_eval/eval_queries.rs b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/const_eval/eval_queries.rs
index 046d2052968..e4d34b90018 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/const_eval/eval_queries.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/const_eval/eval_queries.rs
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ pub(super) fn mk_eval_cx<'mir, 'tcx>(
         tcx,
         root_span,
         param_env,
-        CompileTimeInterpreter::new(tcx.const_eval_limit(), can_access_statics, CheckAlignment::No),
+        CompileTimeInterpreter::new(can_access_statics, CheckAlignment::No),
     )
 }
 
@@ -306,7 +306,6 @@ pub fn eval_to_allocation_raw_provider<'tcx>(
         // Statics (and promoteds inside statics) may access other statics, because unlike consts
         // they do not have to behave "as if" they were evaluated at runtime.
         CompileTimeInterpreter::new(
-            tcx.const_eval_limit(),
             /*can_access_statics:*/ is_static,
             if tcx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.extra_const_ub_checks {
                 CheckAlignment::Error
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/const_eval/fn_queries.rs b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/const_eval/fn_queries.rs
index 088a824fd8f..fa8253d5e49 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/const_eval/fn_queries.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/const_eval/fn_queries.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use rustc_attr as attr;
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def::DefKind;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefId, LocalDefId};
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
 use rustc_span::symbol::Symbol;
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/const_eval/machine.rs b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/const_eval/machine.rs
index 814b67b46ec..a8b6b98c96c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/const_eval/machine.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/const_eval/machine.rs
@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ use std::fmt;
 use rustc_ast::Mutability;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc_middle::mir::AssertMessage;
-use rustc_session::Limit;
 use rustc_span::symbol::{sym, Symbol};
 use rustc_target::abi::{Align, Size};
 use rustc_target::spec::abi::Abi as CallAbi;
 
+use crate::errors::{LongRunning, LongRunningWarn};
 use crate::interpret::{
     self, compile_time_machine, AllocId, ConstAllocation, FnVal, Frame, ImmTy, InterpCx,
     InterpResult, OpTy, PlaceTy, Pointer, Scalar,
@@ -28,13 +28,24 @@ use crate::interpret::{
 
 use super::error::*;
 
+/// When hitting this many interpreted terminators we emit a deny by default lint
+/// that notfies the user that their constant takes a long time to evaluate. If that's
+/// what they intended, they can just allow the lint.
+const LINT_TERMINATOR_LIMIT: usize = 2_000_000;
+/// The limit used by `-Z tiny-const-eval-limit`. This smaller limit is useful for internal
+/// tests not needing to run 30s or more to show some behaviour.
+const TINY_LINT_TERMINATOR_LIMIT: usize = 20;
+/// After this many interpreted terminators, we start emitting progress indicators at every
+/// power of two of interpreted terminators.
+const PROGRESS_INDICATOR_START: usize = 4_000_000;
+
 /// Extra machine state for CTFE, and the Machine instance
 pub struct CompileTimeInterpreter<'mir, 'tcx> {
-    /// For now, the number of terminators that can be evaluated before we throw a resource
-    /// exhaustion error.
+    /// The number of terminators that have been evaluated.
     ///
-    /// Setting this to `0` disables the limit and allows the interpreter to run forever.
-    pub(super) steps_remaining: usize,
+    /// This is used to produce lints informing the user that the compiler is not stuck.
+    /// Set to `usize::MAX` to never report anything.
+    pub(super) num_evaluated_steps: usize,
 
     /// The virtual call stack.
     pub(super) stack: Vec<Frame<'mir, 'tcx, AllocId, ()>>,
@@ -72,13 +83,9 @@ impl CheckAlignment {
 }
 
 impl<'mir, 'tcx> CompileTimeInterpreter<'mir, 'tcx> {
-    pub(crate) fn new(
-        const_eval_limit: Limit,
-        can_access_statics: bool,
-        check_alignment: CheckAlignment,
-    ) -> Self {
+    pub(crate) fn new(can_access_statics: bool, check_alignment: CheckAlignment) -> Self {
         CompileTimeInterpreter {
-            steps_remaining: const_eval_limit.0,
+            num_evaluated_steps: 0,
             stack: Vec::new(),
             can_access_statics,
             check_alignment,
@@ -382,7 +389,7 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx> interpret::Machine<'mir, 'tcx> for CompileTimeInterpreter<'mir,
                         rustc_span::DUMMY_SP,
                         "This is likely a const item that is missing from its impl",
                     );
-                    throw_inval!(AlreadyReported(guar));
+                    throw_inval!(AlreadyReported(guar.into()));
                 } else {
                     // `find_mir_or_eval_fn` checks that this is a const fn before even calling us,
                     // so this should be unreachable.
@@ -569,13 +576,54 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx> interpret::Machine<'mir, 'tcx> for CompileTimeInterpreter<'mir,
 
     fn increment_const_eval_counter(ecx: &mut InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, Self>) -> InterpResult<'tcx> {
         // The step limit has already been hit in a previous call to `increment_const_eval_counter`.
-        if ecx.machine.steps_remaining == 0 {
-            return Ok(());
-        }
 
-        ecx.machine.steps_remaining -= 1;
-        if ecx.machine.steps_remaining == 0 {
-            throw_exhaust!(StepLimitReached)
+        if let Some(new_steps) = ecx.machine.num_evaluated_steps.checked_add(1) {
+            let (limit, start) = if ecx.tcx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.tiny_const_eval_limit {
+                (TINY_LINT_TERMINATOR_LIMIT, TINY_LINT_TERMINATOR_LIMIT)
+            } else {
+                (LINT_TERMINATOR_LIMIT, PROGRESS_INDICATOR_START)
+            };
+
+            ecx.machine.num_evaluated_steps = new_steps;
+            // By default, we have a *deny* lint kicking in after some time
+            // to ensure `loop {}` doesn't just go forever.
+            // In case that lint got reduced, in particular for `--cap-lint` situations, we also
+            // have a hard warning shown every now and then for really long executions.
+            if new_steps == limit {
+                // By default, we stop after a million steps, but the user can disable this lint
+                // to be able to run until the heat death of the universe or power loss, whichever
+                // comes first.
+                let hir_id = ecx.best_lint_scope();
+                let is_error = ecx
+                    .tcx
+                    .lint_level_at_node(
+                        rustc_session::lint::builtin::LONG_RUNNING_CONST_EVAL,
+                        hir_id,
+                    )
+                    .0
+                    .is_error();
+                let span = ecx.cur_span();
+                ecx.tcx.emit_spanned_lint(
+                    rustc_session::lint::builtin::LONG_RUNNING_CONST_EVAL,
+                    hir_id,
+                    span,
+                    LongRunning { item_span: ecx.tcx.span },
+                );
+                // If this was a hard error, don't bother continuing evaluation.
+                if is_error {
+                    let guard = ecx
+                        .tcx
+                        .sess
+                        .delay_span_bug(span, "The deny lint should have already errored");
+                    throw_inval!(AlreadyReported(guard.into()));
+                }
+            } else if new_steps > start && new_steps.is_power_of_two() {
+                // Only report after a certain number of terminators have been evaluated and the
+                // current number of evaluated terminators is a power of 2. The latter gives us a cheap
+                // way to implement exponential backoff.
+                let span = ecx.cur_span();
+                ecx.tcx.sess.emit_warning(LongRunningWarn { span, item_span: ecx.tcx.span });
+            }
         }
 
         Ok(())
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/const_eval/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/const_eval/mod.rs
index 05be45fef13..b59ca8e2070 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/const_eval/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/const_eval/mod.rs
@@ -2,10 +2,8 @@
 
 use crate::errors::MaxNumNodesInConstErr;
 use crate::interpret::{
-    intern_const_alloc_recursive, ConstValue, InternKind, InterpCx, InterpResult, MemPlaceMeta,
-    Scalar,
+    intern_const_alloc_recursive, ConstValue, InternKind, InterpCx, InterpResult, Scalar,
 };
-use rustc_hir::Mutability;
 use rustc_middle::mir;
 use rustc_middle::mir::interpret::{EvalToValTreeResult, GlobalId};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, TyCtxt};
@@ -131,38 +129,3 @@ pub(crate) fn try_destructure_mir_constant<'tcx>(
 
     Ok(mir::DestructuredConstant { variant, fields })
 }
-
-#[instrument(skip(tcx), level = "debug")]
-pub(crate) fn deref_mir_constant<'tcx>(
-    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-    param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
-    val: mir::ConstantKind<'tcx>,
-) -> mir::ConstantKind<'tcx> {
-    let ecx = mk_eval_cx(tcx, DUMMY_SP, param_env, false);
-    let op = ecx.eval_mir_constant(&val, None, None).unwrap();
-    let mplace = ecx.deref_operand(&op).unwrap();
-    if let Some(alloc_id) = mplace.ptr.provenance {
-        assert_eq!(
-            tcx.global_alloc(alloc_id).unwrap_memory().0.0.mutability,
-            Mutability::Not,
-            "deref_mir_constant cannot be used with mutable allocations as \
-            that could allow pattern matching to observe mutable statics",
-        );
-    }
-
-    let ty = match mplace.meta {
-        MemPlaceMeta::None => mplace.layout.ty,
-        // In case of unsized types, figure out the real type behind.
-        MemPlaceMeta::Meta(scalar) => match mplace.layout.ty.kind() {
-            ty::Str => bug!("there's no sized equivalent of a `str`"),
-            ty::Slice(elem_ty) => tcx.mk_array(*elem_ty, scalar.to_target_usize(&tcx).unwrap()),
-            _ => bug!(
-                "type {} should not have metadata, but had {:?}",
-                mplace.layout.ty,
-                mplace.meta
-            ),
-        },
-    };
-
-    mir::ConstantKind::Val(op_to_const(&ecx, &mplace.into()), ty)
-}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/errors.rs b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/errors.rs
index f8b7cc6d7e1..ad2e68e752d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/errors.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/errors.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use rustc_hir::ConstContext;
-use rustc_macros::Diagnostic;
+use rustc_macros::{Diagnostic, LintDiagnostic};
 use rustc_span::Span;
 
 #[derive(Diagnostic)]
@@ -194,3 +194,21 @@ pub(crate) struct InteriorMutabilityBorrow {
     #[primary_span]
     pub span: Span,
 }
+
+#[derive(LintDiagnostic)]
+#[diag(const_eval_long_running)]
+#[note]
+pub struct LongRunning {
+    #[help]
+    pub item_span: Span,
+}
+
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(const_eval_long_running)]
+pub struct LongRunningWarn {
+    #[primary_span]
+    #[label]
+    pub span: Span,
+    #[help]
+    pub item_span: Span,
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/eval_context.rs b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/eval_context.rs
index b2197a0aabb..cd43a53b1b3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/eval_context.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/eval_context.rs
@@ -4,17 +4,17 @@ use std::mem;
 
 use either::{Either, Left, Right};
 
+use hir::CRATE_HIR_ID;
 use rustc_hir::{self as hir, def_id::DefId, definitions::DefPathData};
 use rustc_index::IndexVec;
 use rustc_middle::mir;
-use rustc_middle::mir::interpret::{ErrorHandled, InterpError};
+use rustc_middle::mir::interpret::{ErrorHandled, InterpError, ReportedErrorInfo};
+use rustc_middle::query::TyCtxtAt;
 use rustc_middle::ty::layout::{
     self, FnAbiError, FnAbiOfHelpers, FnAbiRequest, LayoutError, LayoutOf, LayoutOfHelpers,
     TyAndLayout,
 };
-use rustc_middle::ty::{
-    self, query::TyCtxtAt, subst::SubstsRef, ParamEnv, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeFoldable,
-};
+use rustc_middle::ty::{self, subst::SubstsRef, ParamEnv, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeFoldable};
 use rustc_mir_dataflow::storage::always_storage_live_locals;
 use rustc_session::Limit;
 use rustc_span::Span;
@@ -407,6 +407,15 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
+    /// Find the first stack frame that is within the current crate, if any, otherwise return the crate's HirId
+    pub fn best_lint_scope(&self) -> hir::HirId {
+        self.stack()
+            .iter()
+            .find_map(|frame| frame.body.source.def_id().as_local())
+            .map_or(CRATE_HIR_ID, |def_id| self.tcx.hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(def_id))
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
     pub(crate) fn stack(&self) -> &[Frame<'mir, 'tcx, M::Provenance, M::FrameExtra>] {
         M::stack(self)
     }
@@ -470,7 +479,7 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
         };
         // do not continue if typeck errors occurred (can only occur in local crate)
         if let Some(err) = body.tainted_by_errors {
-            throw_inval!(AlreadyReported(err));
+            throw_inval!(AlreadyReported(ReportedErrorInfo::tainted_by_errors(err)));
         }
         Ok(body)
     }
@@ -498,7 +507,7 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
             .try_subst_mir_and_normalize_erasing_regions(
                 *self.tcx,
                 self.param_env,
-                ty::EarlyBinder(value),
+                ty::EarlyBinder::bind(value),
             )
             .map_err(|_| err_inval!(TooGeneric))
     }
@@ -517,7 +526,7 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
             Ok(None) => throw_inval!(TooGeneric),
 
             // FIXME(eddyb) this could be a bit more specific than `AlreadyReported`.
-            Err(error_reported) => throw_inval!(AlreadyReported(error_reported)),
+            Err(error_reported) => throw_inval!(AlreadyReported(error_reported.into())),
         }
     }
 
@@ -905,7 +914,7 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
         query(self.tcx.at(span.unwrap_or_else(|| self.cur_span()))).map_err(|err| {
             match err {
                 ErrorHandled::Reported(err) => {
-                    if let Some(span) = span {
+                    if !err.is_tainted_by_errors() && let Some(span) = span {
                         // To make it easier to figure out where this error comes from, also add a note at the current location.
                         self.tcx.sess.span_note_without_error(span, "erroneous constant used");
                     }
@@ -950,7 +959,20 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
         // This deliberately does *not* honor `requires_caller_location` since it is used for much
         // more than just panics.
         for frame in stack.iter().rev() {
-            let span = frame.current_span();
+            let span = match frame.loc {
+                Left(loc) => {
+                    // If the stacktrace passes through MIR-inlined source scopes, add them.
+                    let mir::SourceInfo { mut span, scope } = *frame.body.source_info(loc);
+                    let mut scope_data = &frame.body.source_scopes[scope];
+                    while let Some((instance, call_span)) = scope_data.inlined {
+                        frames.push(FrameInfo { span, instance });
+                        span = call_span;
+                        scope_data = &frame.body.source_scopes[scope_data.parent_scope.unwrap()];
+                    }
+                    span
+                }
+                Right(span) => span,
+            };
             frames.push(FrameInfo { span, instance: frame.instance });
         }
         trace!("generate stacktrace: {:#?}", frames);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/intrinsics/caller_location.rs b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/intrinsics/caller_location.rs
index 3701eb93ec8..df5b581000b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/intrinsics/caller_location.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/intrinsics/caller_location.rs
@@ -111,11 +111,7 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
         location
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn location_triple_for_span(&self, mut span: Span) -> (Symbol, u32, u32) {
-        // Remove `Inlined` marks as they pollute `expansion_cause`.
-        while span.is_inlined() {
-            span.remove_mark();
-        }
+    pub(crate) fn location_triple_for_span(&self, span: Span) -> (Symbol, u32, u32) {
         let topmost = span.ctxt().outer_expn().expansion_cause().unwrap_or(span);
         let caller = self.tcx.sess.source_map().lookup_char_pos(topmost.lo());
         (
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/operand.rs b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/operand.rs
index a7f66071fe2..e30af165501 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/operand.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/operand.rs
@@ -595,7 +595,7 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
             // FIXME(generic_const_exprs): `ConstKind::Expr` should be able to be evaluated
             ty::ConstKind::Expr(_) => throw_inval!(TooGeneric),
             ty::ConstKind::Error(reported) => {
-                throw_inval!(AlreadyReported(reported))
+                throw_inval!(AlreadyReported(reported.into()))
             }
             ty::ConstKind::Unevaluated(uv) => {
                 let instance = self.resolve(uv.def, uv.substs)?;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/terminator.rs b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/terminator.rs
index df387920010..586e8f063ee 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/terminator.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/terminator.rs
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
                 }
             }
 
-            Drop { place, target, unwind } => {
+            Drop { place, target, unwind, replace: _ } => {
                 let frame = self.frame();
                 let ty = place.ty(&frame.body.local_decls, *self.tcx).ty;
                 let ty = self.subst_from_frame_and_normalize_erasing_regions(frame, ty)?;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/lib.rs
index 1b66eca97a5..0c48d99915a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/lib.rs
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ pub mod util;
 
 use rustc_errors::{DiagnosticMessage, SubdiagnosticMessage};
 use rustc_fluent_macro::fluent_messages;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
 
 fluent_messages! { "../messages.ftl" }
 
@@ -56,10 +56,6 @@ pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
     providers.valtree_to_const_val = |tcx, (ty, valtree)| {
         const_eval::valtree_to_const_value(tcx, ty::ParamEnv::empty().and(ty), valtree)
     };
-    providers.deref_mir_constant = |tcx, param_env_and_value| {
-        let (param_env, value) = param_env_and_value.into_parts();
-        const_eval::deref_mir_constant(tcx, param_env, value)
-    };
     providers.check_validity_requirement = |tcx, (init_kind, param_env_and_ty)| {
         util::check_validity_requirement(tcx, init_kind, param_env_and_ty)
     };
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/transform/check_consts/check.rs b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/transform/check_consts/check.rs
index 696c4517700..57d939747aa 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/transform/check_consts/check.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/transform/check_consts/check.rs
@@ -412,9 +412,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for Checker<'_, 'tcx> {
                         BorrowKind::Shallow => {
                             PlaceContext::NonMutatingUse(NonMutatingUseContext::ShallowBorrow)
                         }
-                        BorrowKind::Unique => {
-                            PlaceContext::NonMutatingUse(NonMutatingUseContext::UniqueBorrow)
-                        }
+                        BorrowKind::Unique => PlaceContext::MutatingUse(MutatingUseContext::Borrow),
                         BorrowKind::Mut { .. } => {
                             PlaceContext::MutatingUse(MutatingUseContext::Borrow)
                         }
@@ -944,7 +942,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for Checker<'_, 'tcx> {
                         tcx.features().declared_lib_features.iter().any(|&(sym, _)| sym == gate)
                     };
                     let feature_gate_declared = gate_declared(gate);
-                    let implied_gate_declared = implied_by.map(gate_declared).unwrap_or(false);
+                    let implied_gate_declared = implied_by.is_some_and(gate_declared);
                     if !feature_gate_declared && !implied_gate_declared {
                         self.check_op(ops::FnCallUnstable(callee, Some(gate)));
                         return;
@@ -971,7 +969,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for Checker<'_, 'tcx> {
                 // have no `rustc_const_stable` attributes to be const-unstable as well. This
                 // should be fixed later.
                 let callee_is_unstable_unmarked = tcx.lookup_const_stability(callee).is_none()
-                    && tcx.lookup_stability(callee).map_or(false, |s| s.is_unstable());
+                    && tcx.lookup_stability(callee).is_some_and(|s| s.is_unstable());
                 if callee_is_unstable_unmarked {
                     trace!("callee_is_unstable_unmarked");
                     // We do not use `const` modifiers for intrinsic "functions", as intrinsics are
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/transform/check_consts/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/transform/check_consts/mod.rs
index 0e4501922f4..8ebfee8878c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/transform/check_consts/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/transform/check_consts/mod.rs
@@ -139,5 +139,5 @@ fn is_parent_const_stable_trait(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> bool {
         return false;
     }
 
-    tcx.lookup_const_stability(parent.owner).map_or(false, |stab| stab.is_const_stable())
+    tcx.lookup_const_stability(parent.owner).is_some_and(|stab| stab.is_const_stable())
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/transform/validate.rs b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/transform/validate.rs
index f46c2d00fe4..3c350e25ba6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/transform/validate.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/transform/validate.rs
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeChecker<'a, 'tcx> {
                 if let Some(root) = post_contract_node.get(&bb) {
                     break *root;
                 }
-                let parent = doms.immediate_dominator(bb);
+                let parent = doms.immediate_dominator(bb).unwrap();
                 dom_path.push(bb);
                 if !self.body.basic_blocks[parent].is_cleanup {
                     break bb;
@@ -448,7 +448,15 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for TypeChecker<'a, 'tcx> {
         };
         match debuginfo.value {
             VarDebugInfoContents::Const(_) => {}
-            VarDebugInfoContents::Place(place) => check_place(place),
+            VarDebugInfoContents::Place(place) => {
+                check_place(place);
+                if debuginfo.references != 0 && place.projection.last() == Some(&PlaceElem::Deref) {
+                    self.fail(
+                        START_BLOCK.start_location(),
+                        format!("debuginfo {:?}, has both ref and deref", debuginfo),
+                    );
+                }
+            }
             VarDebugInfoContents::Composite { ty, ref fragments } => {
                 for f in fragments {
                     check_place(f.contents);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/util/check_validity_requirement.rs b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/util/check_validity_requirement.rs
index 23fcd22c52b..29063261ada 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/util/check_validity_requirement.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/util/check_validity_requirement.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 use rustc_middle::ty::layout::{LayoutCx, LayoutError, LayoutOf, TyAndLayout, ValidityRequirement};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{ParamEnv, ParamEnvAnd, Ty, TyCtxt};
-use rustc_session::Limit;
 use rustc_target::abi::{Abi, FieldsShape, Scalar, Variants};
 
 use crate::const_eval::{CheckAlignment, CompileTimeInterpreter};
@@ -45,11 +44,8 @@ fn might_permit_raw_init_strict<'tcx>(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
     kind: ValidityRequirement,
 ) -> Result<bool, LayoutError<'tcx>> {
-    let machine = CompileTimeInterpreter::new(
-        Limit::new(0),
-        /*can_access_statics:*/ false,
-        CheckAlignment::Error,
-    );
+    let machine =
+        CompileTimeInterpreter::new(/*can_access_statics:*/ false, CheckAlignment::Error);
 
     let mut cx = InterpCx::new(tcx, rustc_span::DUMMY_SP, ParamEnv::reveal_all(), machine);
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/util/compare_types.rs b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/util/compare_types.rs
index f5f3d5de6b5..d6a2ffb7511 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/util/compare_types.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/util/compare_types.rs
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 //! FIXME: Move this to a more general place. The utility of this extends to
 //! other areas of the compiler as well.
 
-use rustc_infer::infer::{DefiningAnchor, TyCtxtInferExt};
-use rustc_infer::traits::ObligationCause;
+use rustc_infer::infer::TyCtxtInferExt;
+use rustc_middle::traits::{DefiningAnchor, ObligationCause};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{ParamEnv, Ty, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::ObligationCtxt;
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/util/type_name.rs b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/util/type_name.rs
index 4e80a285186..11ad5b49df2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/util/type_name.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/util/type_name.rs
@@ -58,11 +58,12 @@ impl<'tcx> Printer<'tcx> for AbsolutePathPrinter<'tcx> {
             // Types with identity (print the module path).
             ty::Adt(ty::AdtDef(Interned(&ty::AdtDefData { did: def_id, .. }, _)), substs)
             | ty::FnDef(def_id, substs)
-            | ty::Alias(_, ty::AliasTy { def_id, substs, .. })
+            | ty::Alias(ty::Projection | ty::Opaque, ty::AliasTy { def_id, substs, .. })
             | ty::Closure(def_id, substs)
             | ty::Generator(def_id, substs, _) => self.print_def_path(def_id, substs),
             ty::Foreign(def_id) => self.print_def_path(def_id, &[]),
 
+            ty::Alias(ty::Inherent, _) => bug!("type_name: unexpected inherent projection"),
             ty::GeneratorWitness(_) => bug!("type_name: unexpected `GeneratorWitness`"),
             ty::GeneratorWitnessMIR(..) => bug!("type_name: unexpected `GeneratorWitnessMIR`"),
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/Cargo.toml b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/Cargo.toml
index 5e05fe463ed..78f73d193e3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/Cargo.toml
+++ b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/Cargo.toml
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ libc = "0.2"
 measureme = "10.0.0"
 rustc-rayon-core = { version = "0.5.0", optional = true }
 rustc-rayon = { version = "0.5.0", optional = true }
+rustc_arena = { path = "../rustc_arena" }
 rustc_graphviz = { path = "../rustc_graphviz" }
 rustc-hash = "1.1.0"
 rustc_index = { path = "../rustc_index", package = "rustc_index" }
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ itertools = "0.10.1"
 version = "0.11"
 
 [target.'cfg(windows)'.dependencies.windows]
-version = "0.46.0"
+version = "0.48.0"
 features = [
     "Win32_Foundation",
     "Win32_Storage_FileSystem",
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/graph/dominators/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/graph/dominators/mod.rs
index e76bdac2864..a5db14d9102 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/graph/dominators/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/graph/dominators/mod.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ rustc_index::newtype_index! {
     struct PreorderIndex {}
 }
 
-pub fn dominators<G: ControlFlowGraph>(graph: G) -> Dominators<G::Node> {
+pub fn dominators<G: ControlFlowGraph>(graph: &G) -> Dominators<G::Node> {
     // compute the post order index (rank) for each node
     let mut post_order_rank = IndexVec::from_elem_n(0, graph.num_nodes());
 
@@ -109,28 +109,27 @@ pub fn dominators<G: ControlFlowGraph>(graph: G) -> Dominators<G::Node> {
         // they have been placed in the bucket.
         //
         // We compute a partial set of immediate dominators here.
-        let z = parent[w];
-        for &v in bucket[z].iter() {
+        for &v in bucket[w].iter() {
             // This uses the result of Lemma 5 from section 2 from the original
             // 1979 paper, to compute either the immediate or relative dominator
             // for a given vertex v.
             //
             // eval returns a vertex y, for which semi[y] is minimum among
-            // vertices semi[v] +> y *> v. Note that semi[v] = z as we're in the
-            // z bucket.
+            // vertices semi[v] +> y *> v. Note that semi[v] = w as we're in the
+            // w bucket.
             //
             // Given such a vertex y, semi[y] <= semi[v] and idom[y] = idom[v].
             // If semi[y] = semi[v], though, idom[v] = semi[v].
             //
             // Using this, we can either set idom[v] to be:
-            //  * semi[v] (i.e. z), if semi[y] is z
+            //  * semi[v] (i.e. w), if semi[y] is w
             //  * idom[y], otherwise
             //
             // We don't directly set to idom[y] though as it's not necessarily
             // known yet. The second preorder traversal will cleanup by updating
             // the idom for any that were missed in this pass.
             let y = eval(&mut parent, lastlinked, &semi, &mut label, v);
-            idom[v] = if semi[y] < z { y } else { z };
+            idom[v] = if semi[y] < w { y } else { w };
         }
 
         // This loop computes the semi[w] for w.
@@ -213,10 +212,11 @@ pub fn dominators<G: ControlFlowGraph>(graph: G) -> Dominators<G::Node> {
         // If we don't yet know the idom directly, then push this vertex into
         // our semidominator's bucket, where it will get processed at a later
         // stage to compute its immediate dominator.
-        if parent[w] != semi[w] {
+        let z = parent[w];
+        if z != semi[w] {
             bucket[semi[w]].push(w);
         } else {
-            idom[w] = parent[w];
+            idom[w] = z;
         }
 
         // Optimization: We share the parent array between processed and not
@@ -242,7 +242,12 @@ pub fn dominators<G: ControlFlowGraph>(graph: G) -> Dominators<G::Node> {
         immediate_dominators[*node] = Some(pre_order_to_real[idom[idx]]);
     }
 
-    Dominators { post_order_rank, immediate_dominators }
+    let start_node = graph.start_node();
+    immediate_dominators[start_node] = None;
+
+    let time = compute_access_time(start_node, &immediate_dominators);
+
+    Dominators { start_node, post_order_rank, immediate_dominators, time }
 }
 
 /// Evaluate the link-eval virtual forest, providing the currently minimum semi
@@ -308,34 +313,31 @@ fn compress(
 /// Tracks the list of dominators for each node.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct Dominators<N: Idx> {
+    start_node: N,
     post_order_rank: IndexVec<N, usize>,
     // Even though we track only the immediate dominator of each node, it's
     // possible to get its full list of dominators by looking up the dominator
     // of each dominator. (See the `impl Iterator for Iter` definition).
     immediate_dominators: IndexVec<N, Option<N>>,
+    time: IndexVec<N, Time>,
 }
 
 impl<Node: Idx> Dominators<Node> {
-    /// Whether the given Node has an immediate dominator.
+    /// Returns true if node is reachable from the start node.
     pub fn is_reachable(&self, node: Node) -> bool {
-        self.immediate_dominators[node].is_some()
+        node == self.start_node || self.immediate_dominators[node].is_some()
     }
 
-    pub fn immediate_dominator(&self, node: Node) -> Node {
-        assert!(self.is_reachable(node), "node {node:?} is not reachable");
-        self.immediate_dominators[node].unwrap()
+    /// Returns the immediate dominator of node, if any.
+    pub fn immediate_dominator(&self, node: Node) -> Option<Node> {
+        self.immediate_dominators[node]
     }
 
     /// Provides an iterator over each dominator up the CFG, for the given Node.
     /// See the `impl Iterator for Iter` definition to understand how this works.
     pub fn dominators(&self, node: Node) -> Iter<'_, Node> {
         assert!(self.is_reachable(node), "node {node:?} is not reachable");
-        Iter { dominators: self, node: Some(node) }
-    }
-
-    pub fn dominates(&self, dom: Node, node: Node) -> bool {
-        // FIXME -- could be optimized by using post-order-rank
-        self.dominators(node).any(|n| n == dom)
+        Iter { dom_tree: self, node: Some(node) }
     }
 
     /// Provide deterministic ordering of nodes such that, if any two nodes have a dominator
@@ -345,10 +347,22 @@ impl<Node: Idx> Dominators<Node> {
     pub fn rank_partial_cmp(&self, lhs: Node, rhs: Node) -> Option<Ordering> {
         self.post_order_rank[rhs].partial_cmp(&self.post_order_rank[lhs])
     }
+
+    /// Returns true if `a` dominates `b`.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Panics if `b` is unreachable.
+    pub fn dominates(&self, a: Node, b: Node) -> bool {
+        let a = self.time[a];
+        let b = self.time[b];
+        assert!(b.start != 0, "node {b:?} is not reachable");
+        a.start <= b.start && b.finish <= a.finish
+    }
 }
 
 pub struct Iter<'dom, Node: Idx> {
-    dominators: &'dom Dominators<Node>,
+    dom_tree: &'dom Dominators<Node>,
     node: Option<Node>,
 }
 
@@ -357,15 +371,74 @@ impl<'dom, Node: Idx> Iterator for Iter<'dom, Node> {
 
     fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
         if let Some(node) = self.node {
-            let dom = self.dominators.immediate_dominator(node);
-            if dom == node {
-                self.node = None; // reached the root
-            } else {
-                self.node = Some(dom);
-            }
+            self.node = self.dom_tree.immediate_dominator(node);
             Some(node)
         } else {
             None
         }
     }
 }
+
+/// Describes the number of vertices discovered at the time when processing of a particular vertex
+/// started and when it finished. Both values are zero for unreachable vertices.
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Default, Debug)]
+struct Time {
+    start: u32,
+    finish: u32,
+}
+
+fn compute_access_time<N: Idx>(
+    start_node: N,
+    immediate_dominators: &IndexSlice<N, Option<N>>,
+) -> IndexVec<N, Time> {
+    // Transpose the dominator tree edges, so that child nodes of vertex v are stored in
+    // node[edges[v].start..edges[v].end].
+    let mut edges: IndexVec<N, std::ops::Range<u32>> =
+        IndexVec::from_elem(0..0, immediate_dominators);
+    for &idom in immediate_dominators.iter() {
+        if let Some(idom) = idom {
+            edges[idom].end += 1;
+        }
+    }
+    let mut m = 0;
+    for e in edges.iter_mut() {
+        m += e.end;
+        e.start = m;
+        e.end = m;
+    }
+    let mut node = IndexVec::from_elem_n(Idx::new(0), m.try_into().unwrap());
+    for (i, &idom) in immediate_dominators.iter_enumerated() {
+        if let Some(idom) = idom {
+            edges[idom].start -= 1;
+            node[edges[idom].start] = i;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Perform a depth-first search of the dominator tree. Record the number of vertices discovered
+    // when vertex v is discovered first as time[v].start, and when its processing is finished as
+    // time[v].finish.
+    let mut time: IndexVec<N, Time> = IndexVec::from_elem(Time::default(), immediate_dominators);
+    let mut stack = Vec::new();
+
+    let mut discovered = 1;
+    stack.push(start_node);
+    time[start_node].start = discovered;
+
+    while let Some(&i) = stack.last() {
+        let e = &mut edges[i];
+        if e.start == e.end {
+            // Finish processing vertex i.
+            time[i].finish = discovered;
+            stack.pop();
+        } else {
+            let j = node[e.start];
+            e.start += 1;
+            // Start processing vertex j.
+            discovered += 1;
+            time[j].start = discovered;
+            stack.push(j);
+        }
+    }
+
+    time
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/graph/dominators/tests.rs b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/graph/dominators/tests.rs
index ff31d8f7fdc..5472bb8087e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/graph/dominators/tests.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/graph/dominators/tests.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ fn diamond() {
 
     let dominators = dominators(&graph);
     let immediate_dominators = &dominators.immediate_dominators;
-    assert_eq!(immediate_dominators[0], Some(0));
+    assert_eq!(immediate_dominators[0], None);
     assert_eq!(immediate_dominators[1], Some(0));
     assert_eq!(immediate_dominators[2], Some(0));
     assert_eq!(immediate_dominators[3], Some(0));
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ fn paper() {
     assert_eq!(immediate_dominators[3], Some(6));
     assert_eq!(immediate_dominators[4], Some(6));
     assert_eq!(immediate_dominators[5], Some(6));
-    assert_eq!(immediate_dominators[6], Some(6));
+    assert_eq!(immediate_dominators[6], None);
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -43,3 +43,40 @@ fn paper_slt() {
 
     dominators(&graph);
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn immediate_dominator() {
+    let graph = TestGraph::new(1, &[(1, 2), (2, 3)]);
+    let dominators = dominators(&graph);
+    assert_eq!(dominators.immediate_dominator(0), None);
+    assert_eq!(dominators.immediate_dominator(1), None);
+    assert_eq!(dominators.immediate_dominator(2), Some(1));
+    assert_eq!(dominators.immediate_dominator(3), Some(2));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn transitive_dominator() {
+    let graph = TestGraph::new(
+        0,
+        &[
+            // First tree branch.
+            (0, 1),
+            (1, 2),
+            (2, 3),
+            (3, 4),
+            // Second tree branch.
+            (1, 5),
+            (5, 6),
+            // Third tree branch.
+            (0, 7),
+            // These links make 0 the dominator for 2 and 3.
+            (7, 2),
+            (5, 3),
+        ],
+    );
+
+    let dom_tree = dominators(&graph);
+    let immediate_dominators = &dom_tree.immediate_dominators;
+    assert_eq!(immediate_dominators[2], Some(0));
+    assert_eq!(immediate_dominators[3], Some(0)); // This used to return Some(1).
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/lib.rs
index 004017ec5f3..859e384d8b5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/lib.rs
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #![feature(test)]
 #![feature(thread_id_value)]
 #![feature(vec_into_raw_parts)]
+#![feature(allocator_api)]
 #![feature(get_mut_unchecked)]
 #![feature(lint_reasons)]
 #![feature(unwrap_infallible)]
@@ -77,6 +78,7 @@ pub mod sorted_map;
 pub mod stable_hasher;
 mod atomic_ref;
 pub mod fingerprint;
+pub mod marker;
 pub mod profiling;
 pub mod sharded;
 pub mod stack;
@@ -100,21 +102,27 @@ pub mod unord;
 pub use ena::undo_log;
 pub use ena::unify;
 
-pub struct OnDrop<F: Fn()>(pub F);
+/// Returns a structure that calls `f` when dropped.
+pub fn defer<F: FnOnce()>(f: F) -> OnDrop<F> {
+    OnDrop(Some(f))
+}
+
+pub struct OnDrop<F: FnOnce()>(Option<F>);
 
-impl<F: Fn()> OnDrop<F> {
-    /// Forgets the function which prevents it from running.
-    /// Ensure that the function owns no memory, otherwise it will be leaked.
+impl<F: FnOnce()> OnDrop<F> {
+    /// Disables on-drop call.
     #[inline]
-    pub fn disable(self) {
-        std::mem::forget(self);
+    pub fn disable(mut self) {
+        self.0.take();
     }
 }
 
-impl<F: Fn()> Drop for OnDrop<F> {
+impl<F: FnOnce()> Drop for OnDrop<F> {
     #[inline]
     fn drop(&mut self) {
-        (self.0)();
+        if let Some(f) = self.0.take() {
+            f();
+        }
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/marker.rs b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/marker.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f8c06f9a814
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/marker.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+cfg_if!(
+    if #[cfg(not(parallel_compiler))] {
+        pub auto trait DynSend {}
+        pub auto trait DynSync {}
+
+        impl<T> DynSend for T {}
+        impl<T> DynSync for T {}
+    } else {
+        #[rustc_on_unimplemented(
+            message = "`{Self}` doesn't implement `DynSend`. \
+            Add it to `rustc_data_structures::marker` or use `IntoDynSyncSend` if it's already `Send`"
+        )]
+        // This is an auto trait for types which can be sent across threads if `sync::is_dyn_thread_safe()`
+        // is true. These types can be wrapped in a `FromDyn` to get a `Send` type. Wrapping a
+        // `Send` type in `IntoDynSyncSend` will create a `DynSend` type.
+        pub unsafe auto trait DynSend {}
+
+        #[rustc_on_unimplemented(
+            message = "`{Self}` doesn't implement `DynSync`. \
+            Add it to `rustc_data_structures::marker` or use `IntoDynSyncSend` if it's already `Sync`"
+        )]
+        // This is an auto trait for types which can be shared across threads if `sync::is_dyn_thread_safe()`
+        // is true. These types can be wrapped in a `FromDyn` to get a `Sync` type. Wrapping a
+        // `Sync` type in `IntoDynSyncSend` will create a `DynSync` type.
+        pub unsafe auto trait DynSync {}
+
+        // Same with `Sync` and `Send`.
+        unsafe impl<T: DynSync + ?Sized> DynSend for &T {}
+
+        macro_rules! impls_dyn_send_neg {
+            ($([$t1: ty $(where $($generics1: tt)*)?])*) => {
+                $(impl$(<$($generics1)*>)? !DynSend for $t1 {})*
+            };
+        }
+
+        // Consistent with `std`
+        impls_dyn_send_neg!(
+            [std::env::Args]
+            [std::env::ArgsOs]
+            [*const T where T: ?Sized]
+            [*mut T where T: ?Sized]
+            [std::ptr::NonNull<T> where T: ?Sized]
+            [std::rc::Rc<T> where T: ?Sized]
+            [std::rc::Weak<T> where T: ?Sized]
+            [std::sync::MutexGuard<'_, T> where T: ?Sized]
+            [std::sync::RwLockReadGuard<'_, T> where T: ?Sized]
+            [std::sync::RwLockWriteGuard<'_, T> where T: ?Sized]
+            [std::io::StdoutLock<'_>]
+            [std::io::StderrLock<'_>]
+        );
+        cfg_if!(
+            // Consistent with `std`
+            // `os_imp::Env` is `!Send` in these platforms
+            if #[cfg(any(unix, target_os = "hermit", target_os = "wasi", target_os = "solid_asp3"))] {
+                impl !DynSend for std::env::VarsOs {}
+            }
+        );
+
+        macro_rules! already_send {
+            ($([$ty: ty])*) => {
+                $(unsafe impl DynSend for $ty where $ty: Send {})*
+            };
+        }
+
+        // These structures are already `Send`.
+        already_send!(
+            [std::backtrace::Backtrace]
+            [std::io::Stdout]
+            [std::io::Stderr]
+            [std::io::Error]
+            [std::fs::File]
+            [rustc_arena::DroplessArena]
+            [crate::memmap::Mmap]
+            [crate::profiling::SelfProfiler]
+            [crate::owned_slice::OwnedSlice]
+        );
+
+        macro_rules! impl_dyn_send {
+            ($($($attr: meta)* [$ty: ty where $($generics2: tt)*])*) => {
+                $(unsafe impl<$($generics2)*> DynSend for $ty {})*
+            };
+        }
+
+        impl_dyn_send!(
+            [std::sync::atomic::AtomicPtr<T> where T]
+            [std::sync::Mutex<T> where T: ?Sized+ DynSend]
+            [std::sync::mpsc::Sender<T> where T: DynSend]
+            [std::sync::Arc<T> where T: ?Sized + DynSync + DynSend]
+            [std::sync::LazyLock<T, F> where T: DynSend, F: DynSend]
+            [std::collections::HashSet<K, S> where K: DynSend, S: DynSend]
+            [std::collections::HashMap<K, V, S> where K: DynSend, V: DynSend, S: DynSend]
+            [std::collections::BTreeMap<K, V, A> where K: DynSend, V: DynSend, A: std::alloc::Allocator + Clone + DynSend]
+            [Vec<T, A> where T: DynSend, A: std::alloc::Allocator + DynSend]
+            [Box<T, A> where T: ?Sized + DynSend, A: std::alloc::Allocator + DynSend]
+            [crate::sync::Lock<T> where T: DynSend]
+            [crate::sync::RwLock<T> where T: DynSend]
+            [crate::tagged_ptr::CopyTaggedPtr<P, T, CP> where P: Send + crate::tagged_ptr::Pointer, T: Send + crate::tagged_ptr::Tag, const CP: bool]
+            [rustc_arena::TypedArena<T> where T: DynSend]
+            [indexmap::IndexSet<V, S> where V: DynSend, S: DynSend]
+            [indexmap::IndexMap<K, V, S> where K: DynSend, V: DynSend, S: DynSend]
+            [thin_vec::ThinVec<T> where T: DynSend]
+            [smallvec::SmallVec<A> where A: smallvec::Array + DynSend]
+        );
+
+        macro_rules! impls_dyn_sync_neg {
+            ($([$t1: ty $(where $($generics1: tt)*)?])*) => {
+                $(impl$(<$($generics1)*>)? !DynSync for $t1 {})*
+            };
+        }
+
+        // Consistent with `std`
+        impls_dyn_sync_neg!(
+            [std::env::Args]
+            [std::env::ArgsOs]
+            [*const T where T: ?Sized]
+            [*mut T where T: ?Sized]
+            [std::cell::Cell<T> where T: ?Sized]
+            [std::cell::RefCell<T> where T: ?Sized]
+            [std::cell::UnsafeCell<T> where T: ?Sized]
+            [std::ptr::NonNull<T> where T: ?Sized]
+            [std::rc::Rc<T> where T: ?Sized]
+            [std::rc::Weak<T> where T: ?Sized]
+            [std::cell::OnceCell<T> where T]
+            [std::sync::mpsc::Receiver<T> where T]
+            [std::sync::mpsc::Sender<T> where T]
+        );
+        cfg_if!(
+            // Consistent with `std`
+            // `os_imp::Env` is `!Sync` in these platforms
+            if #[cfg(any(unix, target_os = "hermit", target_os = "wasi", target_os = "solid_asp3"))] {
+                impl !DynSync for std::env::VarsOs {}
+            }
+        );
+
+        macro_rules! already_sync {
+            ($([$ty: ty])*) => {
+                $(unsafe impl DynSync for $ty where $ty: Sync {})*
+            };
+        }
+
+        // These structures are already `Sync`.
+        already_sync!(
+            [std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool]
+            [std::sync::atomic::AtomicUsize]
+            [std::sync::atomic::AtomicU8]
+            [std::sync::atomic::AtomicU32]
+            [std::sync::atomic::AtomicU64]
+            [std::backtrace::Backtrace]
+            [std::io::Error]
+            [std::fs::File]
+            [jobserver_crate::Client]
+            [crate::memmap::Mmap]
+            [crate::profiling::SelfProfiler]
+            [crate::owned_slice::OwnedSlice]
+        );
+
+        macro_rules! impl_dyn_sync {
+            ($($($attr: meta)* [$ty: ty where $($generics2: tt)*])*) => {
+                $(unsafe impl<$($generics2)*> DynSync for $ty {})*
+            };
+        }
+
+        impl_dyn_sync!(
+            [std::sync::atomic::AtomicPtr<T> where T]
+            [std::sync::OnceLock<T> where T: DynSend + DynSync]
+            [std::sync::Mutex<T> where T: ?Sized + DynSend]
+            [std::sync::Arc<T> where T: ?Sized + DynSync + DynSend]
+            [std::sync::LazyLock<T, F> where T: DynSend + DynSync, F: DynSend]
+            [std::collections::HashSet<K, S> where K: DynSync, S: DynSync]
+            [std::collections::HashMap<K, V, S> where K: DynSync, V: DynSync, S: DynSync]
+            [std::collections::BTreeMap<K, V, A> where K: DynSync, V: DynSync, A: std::alloc::Allocator + Clone + DynSync]
+            [Vec<T, A> where T: DynSync, A: std::alloc::Allocator + DynSync]
+            [Box<T, A> where T: ?Sized + DynSync, A: std::alloc::Allocator + DynSync]
+            [crate::sync::Lock<T> where T: DynSend]
+            [crate::sync::RwLock<T> where T: DynSend + DynSync]
+            [crate::sync::OneThread<T> where T]
+            [crate::sync::WorkerLocal<T> where T: DynSend]
+            [crate::intern::Interned<'a, T> where 'a, T: DynSync]
+            [crate::tagged_ptr::CopyTaggedPtr<P, T, CP> where P: Sync + crate::tagged_ptr::Pointer, T: Sync + crate::tagged_ptr::Tag, const CP: bool]
+            [parking_lot::lock_api::Mutex<R, T> where R: DynSync, T: ?Sized + DynSend]
+            [parking_lot::lock_api::RwLock<R, T> where R: DynSync, T: ?Sized + DynSend + DynSync]
+            [indexmap::IndexSet<V, S> where V: DynSync, S: DynSync]
+            [indexmap::IndexMap<K, V, S> where K: DynSync, V: DynSync, S: DynSync]
+            [smallvec::SmallVec<A> where A: smallvec::Array + DynSync]
+            [thin_vec::ThinVec<T> where T: DynSync]
+        );
+    }
+);
+
+pub fn assert_dyn_sync<T: ?Sized + DynSync>() {}
+pub fn assert_dyn_send<T: ?Sized + DynSend>() {}
+pub fn assert_dyn_send_val<T: ?Sized + DynSend>(_t: &T) {}
+pub fn assert_dyn_send_sync_val<T: ?Sized + DynSync + DynSend>(_t: &T) {}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
+pub struct FromDyn<T>(T);
+
+impl<T> FromDyn<T> {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn from(val: T) -> Self {
+        // Check that `sync::is_dyn_thread_safe()` is true on creation so we can
+        // implement `Send` and `Sync` for this structure when `T`
+        // implements `DynSend` and `DynSync` respectively.
+        #[cfg(parallel_compiler)]
+        assert!(crate::sync::is_dyn_thread_safe());
+        FromDyn(val)
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn into_inner(self) -> T {
+        self.0
+    }
+}
+
+// `FromDyn` is `Send` if `T` is `DynSend`, since it ensures that sync::is_dyn_thread_safe() is true.
+#[cfg(parallel_compiler)]
+unsafe impl<T: DynSend> Send for FromDyn<T> {}
+
+// `FromDyn` is `Sync` if `T` is `DynSync`, since it ensures that sync::is_dyn_thread_safe() is true.
+#[cfg(parallel_compiler)]
+unsafe impl<T: DynSync> Sync for FromDyn<T> {}
+
+impl<T> std::ops::Deref for FromDyn<T> {
+    type Target = T;
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+// A wrapper to convert a struct that is already a `Send` or `Sync` into
+// an instance of `DynSend` and `DynSync`, since the compiler cannot infer
+// it automatically in some cases. (e.g. Box<dyn Send / Sync>)
+#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
+pub struct IntoDynSyncSend<T: ?Sized>(pub T);
+
+#[cfg(parallel_compiler)]
+unsafe impl<T: ?Sized + Send> DynSend for IntoDynSyncSend<T> {}
+#[cfg(parallel_compiler)]
+unsafe impl<T: ?Sized + Sync> DynSync for IntoDynSyncSend<T> {}
+
+impl<T> std::ops::Deref for IntoDynSyncSend<T> {
+    type Target = T;
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn deref(&self) -> &T {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> std::ops::DerefMut for IntoDynSyncSend<T> {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T {
+        &mut self.0
+    }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/obligation_forest/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/obligation_forest/mod.rs
index 27a869eb7cd..a47908648ba 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/obligation_forest/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/obligation_forest/mod.rs
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
                     && self
                         .error_cache
                         .get(&obligation_tree_id)
-                        .map_or(false, |errors| errors.contains(v.key()));
+                        .is_some_and(|errors| errors.contains(v.key()));
 
                 if already_failed {
                     Err(())
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/owned_slice.rs b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/owned_slice.rs
index 311a42aa42a..cbb3047d884 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/owned_slice.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/owned_slice.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use std::{borrow::Borrow, ops::Deref};
 
+use crate::sync::Lrc;
 // Use our fake Send/Sync traits when on not parallel compiler,
 // so that `OwnedSlice` only implements/requires Send/Sync
 // for parallel compiler builds.
@@ -7,7 +8,7 @@ use crate::sync::{Send, Sync};
 
 /// An owned slice.
 ///
-/// This is similar to `Box<[u8]>` but allows slicing and using anything as the
+/// This is similar to `Lrc<[u8]>` but allows slicing and using anything as the
 /// backing buffer.
 ///
 /// See [`slice_owned`] for `OwnedSlice` construction and examples.
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ use crate::sync::{Send, Sync};
 ///
 /// This is essentially a replacement for `owning_ref` which is a lot simpler
 /// and even sound! 🌸
+#[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct OwnedSlice {
     /// This is conceptually a `&'self.owner [u8]`.
     bytes: *const [u8],
@@ -31,7 +33,7 @@ pub struct OwnedSlice {
     //       \/
     //      ⊂(´・◡・⊂ )∘˚˳° (I am the phantom remnant of #97770)
     #[expect(dead_code)]
-    owner: Box<dyn Send + Sync>,
+    owner: Lrc<dyn Send + Sync>,
 }
 
 /// Makes an [`OwnedSlice`] out of an `owner` and a `slicer` function.
@@ -72,10 +74,10 @@ where
     O: Send + Sync + 'static,
     F: FnOnce(&O) -> Result<&[u8], E>,
 {
-    // We box the owner of the bytes, so it doesn't move.
+    // We wrap the owner of the bytes in, so it doesn't move.
     //
     // Since the owner does not move and we don't access it in any way
-    // before drop, there is nothing that can invalidate the bytes pointer.
+    // before dropping, there is nothing that can invalidate the bytes pointer.
     //
     // Thus, "extending" the lifetime of the reference returned from `F` is fine.
     // We pretend that we pass it a reference that lives as long as the returned slice.
@@ -83,12 +85,39 @@ where
     // N.B. the HRTB on the `slicer` is important — without it the caller could provide
     // a short lived slice, unrelated to the owner.
 
-    let owner = Box::new(owner);
+    let owner = Lrc::new(owner);
     let bytes = slicer(&*owner)?;
 
     Ok(OwnedSlice { bytes, owner })
 }
 
+impl OwnedSlice {
+    /// Slice this slice by `slicer`.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use rustc_data_structures::owned_slice::{OwnedSlice, slice_owned};
+    /// let vec = vec![1, 2, 3, 4];
+    ///
+    /// // Identical to slicing via `&v[1..3]` but produces an owned slice
+    /// let slice: OwnedSlice = slice_owned(vec, |v| &v[..]);
+    /// assert_eq!(&*slice, [1, 2, 3, 4]);
+    ///
+    /// let slice = slice.slice(|slice| &slice[1..][..2]);
+    /// assert_eq!(&*slice, [2, 3]);
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    pub fn slice(self, slicer: impl FnOnce(&[u8]) -> &[u8]) -> OwnedSlice {
+        // This is basically identical to `try_slice_owned`,
+        // `slicer` can only return slices of its argument or some static data,
+        // both of which are valid while `owner` is alive.
+
+        let bytes = slicer(&self);
+        OwnedSlice { bytes, ..self }
+    }
+}
+
 impl Deref for OwnedSlice {
     type Target = [u8];
 
@@ -108,11 +137,11 @@ impl Borrow<[u8]> for OwnedSlice {
     }
 }
 
-// Safety: `OwnedSlice` is conceptually `(&'self.1 [u8], Box<dyn Send + Sync>)`, which is `Send`
+// Safety: `OwnedSlice` is conceptually `(&'self.1 [u8], Arc<dyn Send + Sync>)`, which is `Send`
 #[cfg(parallel_compiler)]
 unsafe impl Send for OwnedSlice {}
 
-// Safety: `OwnedSlice` is conceptually `(&'self.1 [u8], Box<dyn Send + Sync>)`, which is `Sync`
+// Safety: `OwnedSlice` is conceptually `(&'self.1 [u8], Arc<dyn Send + Sync>)`, which is `Sync`
 #[cfg(parallel_compiler)]
 unsafe impl Sync for OwnedSlice {}
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/owned_slice/tests.rs b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/owned_slice/tests.rs
index e715fb55362..520871a12be 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/owned_slice/tests.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/owned_slice/tests.rs
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ use std::{
 };
 
 use crate::{
+    defer,
     owned_slice::{slice_owned, try_slice_owned, OwnedSlice},
-    OnDrop,
 };
 
 #[test]
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ fn static_storage() {
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn slice_the_slice() {
+fn slice_owned_the_slice() {
     let slice = slice_owned(vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], Vec::as_slice);
     let slice = slice_owned(slice, |s| &s[1..][..4]);
     let slice = slice_owned(slice, |s| s);
@@ -36,6 +36,16 @@ fn slice_the_slice() {
 }
 
 #[test]
+fn slice_the_slice() {
+    let slice = slice_owned(vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], Vec::as_slice)
+        .slice(|s| &s[1..][..4])
+        .slice(|s| s)
+        .slice(|s| &s[1..]);
+
+    assert_eq!(&*slice, &[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6][1..][..4][1..]);
+}
+
+#[test]
 fn try_and_fail() {
     let res = try_slice_owned(vec![0], |v| v.get(12..).ok_or(()));
 
@@ -56,7 +66,7 @@ fn boxed() {
 fn drop_drops() {
     let flag = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
     let flag_prime = Arc::clone(&flag);
-    let d = OnDrop(move || flag_prime.store(true, atomic::Ordering::Relaxed));
+    let d = defer(move || flag_prime.store(true, atomic::Ordering::Relaxed));
 
     let slice = slice_owned(d, |_| &[]);
 
@@ -69,6 +79,6 @@ fn drop_drops() {
 
 #[test]
 fn send_sync() {
-    crate::sync::assert_send::<OwnedSlice>();
-    crate::sync::assert_sync::<OwnedSlice>();
+    crate::sync::assert_dyn_send::<OwnedSlice>();
+    crate::sync::assert_dyn_sync::<OwnedSlice>();
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/profiling.rs b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/profiling.rs
index 5e13e7c8aaf..3c76c2b7991 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/profiling.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/profiling.rs
@@ -865,14 +865,16 @@ cfg_if! {
             use std::mem;
 
             use windows::{
-                Win32::System::ProcessStatus::{K32GetProcessMemoryInfo, PROCESS_MEMORY_COUNTERS},
+                // FIXME: change back to K32GetProcessMemoryInfo when windows crate
+                // updated to 0.49.0+ to drop dependency on psapi.dll
+                Win32::System::ProcessStatus::{GetProcessMemoryInfo, PROCESS_MEMORY_COUNTERS},
                 Win32::System::Threading::GetCurrentProcess,
             };
 
             let mut pmc = PROCESS_MEMORY_COUNTERS::default();
             let pmc_size = mem::size_of_val(&pmc);
             unsafe {
-                K32GetProcessMemoryInfo(
+                GetProcessMemoryInfo(
                     GetCurrentProcess(),
                     &mut pmc,
                     pmc_size as u32,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/sharded.rs b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/sharded.rs
index 7ed70ba1e0f..40cbf14958e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/sharded.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/sharded.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 use crate::fx::{FxHashMap, FxHasher};
+#[cfg(parallel_compiler)]
+use crate::sync::is_dyn_thread_safe;
 use crate::sync::{CacheAligned, Lock, LockGuard};
 use std::borrow::Borrow;
 use std::collections::hash_map::RawEntryMut;
@@ -18,6 +20,11 @@ pub const SHARDS: usize = 1 << SHARD_BITS;
 
 /// An array of cache-line aligned inner locked structures with convenience methods.
 pub struct Sharded<T> {
+    /// This mask is used to ensure that accesses are inbounds of `shards`.
+    /// When dynamic thread safety is off, this field is set to 0 causing only
+    /// a single shard to be used for greater cache efficiency.
+    #[cfg(parallel_compiler)]
+    mask: usize,
     shards: [CacheAligned<Lock<T>>; SHARDS],
 }
 
@@ -31,31 +38,54 @@ impl<T: Default> Default for Sharded<T> {
 impl<T> Sharded<T> {
     #[inline]
     pub fn new(mut value: impl FnMut() -> T) -> Self {
-        Sharded { shards: [(); SHARDS].map(|()| CacheAligned(Lock::new(value()))) }
+        Sharded {
+            #[cfg(parallel_compiler)]
+            mask: if is_dyn_thread_safe() { SHARDS - 1 } else { 0 },
+            shards: [(); SHARDS].map(|()| CacheAligned(Lock::new(value()))),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn mask(&self) -> usize {
+        #[cfg(parallel_compiler)]
+        {
+            if SHARDS == 1 { 0 } else { self.mask }
+        }
+        #[cfg(not(parallel_compiler))]
+        {
+            0
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn count(&self) -> usize {
+        // `self.mask` is always one below the used shard count
+        self.mask() + 1
     }
 
     /// The shard is selected by hashing `val` with `FxHasher`.
     #[inline]
     pub fn get_shard_by_value<K: Hash + ?Sized>(&self, val: &K) -> &Lock<T> {
-        if SHARDS == 1 { &self.shards[0].0 } else { self.get_shard_by_hash(make_hash(val)) }
+        self.get_shard_by_hash(if SHARDS == 1 { 0 } else { make_hash(val) })
     }
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn get_shard_by_hash(&self, hash: u64) -> &Lock<T> {
-        &self.shards[get_shard_index_by_hash(hash)].0
+        self.get_shard_by_index(get_shard_hash(hash))
     }
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn get_shard_by_index(&self, i: usize) -> &Lock<T> {
-        &self.shards[i].0
+        // SAFETY: The index get ANDed with the mask, ensuring it is always inbounds.
+        unsafe { &self.shards.get_unchecked(i & self.mask()).0 }
     }
 
     pub fn lock_shards(&self) -> Vec<LockGuard<'_, T>> {
-        (0..SHARDS).map(|i| self.shards[i].0.lock()).collect()
+        (0..self.count()).map(|i| self.get_shard_by_index(i).lock()).collect()
     }
 
     pub fn try_lock_shards(&self) -> Option<Vec<LockGuard<'_, T>>> {
-        (0..SHARDS).map(|i| self.shards[i].0.try_lock()).collect()
+        (0..self.count()).map(|i| self.get_shard_by_index(i).try_lock()).collect()
     }
 }
 
@@ -136,11 +166,9 @@ pub fn make_hash<K: Hash + ?Sized>(val: &K) -> u64 {
 /// `hash` can be computed with any hasher, so long as that hasher is used
 /// consistently for each `Sharded` instance.
 #[inline]
-#[allow(clippy::modulo_one)]
-pub fn get_shard_index_by_hash(hash: u64) -> usize {
+fn get_shard_hash(hash: u64) -> usize {
     let hash_len = mem::size_of::<usize>();
     // Ignore the top 7 bits as hashbrown uses these and get the next SHARD_BITS highest bits.
     // hashbrown also uses the lowest bits, so we can't use those
-    let bits = (hash >> (hash_len * 8 - 7 - SHARD_BITS)) as usize;
-    bits % SHARDS
+    (hash >> (hash_len * 8 - 7 - SHARD_BITS)) as usize
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/sync.rs b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/sync.rs
index e73ca56efa0..25a08237346 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/sync.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/sync.rs
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 //!
 //! [^2] `MTLockRef` is a typedef.
 
-use crate::owned_slice::OwnedSlice;
+pub use crate::marker::*;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::hash::{BuildHasher, Hash};
 use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
@@ -55,6 +55,43 @@ pub use vec::{AppendOnlyIndexVec, AppendOnlyVec};
 
 mod vec;
 
+mod mode {
+    use super::Ordering;
+    use std::sync::atomic::AtomicU8;
+
+    const UNINITIALIZED: u8 = 0;
+    const DYN_NOT_THREAD_SAFE: u8 = 1;
+    const DYN_THREAD_SAFE: u8 = 2;
+
+    static DYN_THREAD_SAFE_MODE: AtomicU8 = AtomicU8::new(UNINITIALIZED);
+
+    // Whether thread safety is enabled (due to running under multiple threads).
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn is_dyn_thread_safe() -> bool {
+        match DYN_THREAD_SAFE_MODE.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
+            DYN_NOT_THREAD_SAFE => false,
+            DYN_THREAD_SAFE => true,
+            _ => panic!("uninitialized dyn_thread_safe mode!"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Only set by the `-Z threads` compile option
+    pub fn set_dyn_thread_safe_mode(mode: bool) {
+        let set: u8 = if mode { DYN_THREAD_SAFE } else { DYN_NOT_THREAD_SAFE };
+        let previous = DYN_THREAD_SAFE_MODE.compare_exchange(
+            UNINITIALIZED,
+            set,
+            Ordering::Relaxed,
+            Ordering::Relaxed,
+        );
+
+        // Check that the mode was either uninitialized or was already set to the requested mode.
+        assert!(previous.is_ok() || previous == Err(set));
+    }
+}
+
+pub use mode::{is_dyn_thread_safe, set_dyn_thread_safe_mode};
+
 cfg_if! {
     if #[cfg(not(parallel_compiler))] {
         pub unsafe auto trait Send {}
@@ -102,9 +139,14 @@ cfg_if! {
 
         impl Atomic<bool> {
             pub fn fetch_or(&self, val: bool, _: Ordering) -> bool {
-                let result = self.0.get() | val;
-                self.0.set(val);
-                result
+                let old = self.0.get();
+                self.0.set(val | old);
+                old
+            }
+            pub fn fetch_and(&self, val: bool, _: Ordering) -> bool {
+                let old = self.0.get();
+                self.0.set(val & old);
+                old
             }
         }
 
@@ -149,7 +191,7 @@ cfg_if! {
 
         #[macro_export]
         macro_rules! parallel {
-            ($($blocks:tt),*) => {
+            ($($blocks:block),*) => {
                 // We catch panics here ensuring that all the blocks execute.
                 // This makes behavior consistent with the parallel compiler.
                 let mut panic = None;
@@ -168,12 +210,6 @@ cfg_if! {
             }
         }
 
-        pub use Iterator as ParallelIterator;
-
-        pub fn par_iter<T: IntoIterator>(t: T) -> T::IntoIter {
-            t.into_iter()
-        }
-
         pub fn par_for_each_in<T: IntoIterator>(t: T, mut for_each: impl FnMut(T::Item) + Sync + Send) {
             // We catch panics here ensuring that all the loop iterations execute.
             // This makes behavior consistent with the parallel compiler.
@@ -190,7 +226,28 @@ cfg_if! {
             }
         }
 
-        pub type MetadataRef = OwnedSlice;
+        pub fn par_map<T: IntoIterator, R, C: FromIterator<R>>(
+            t: T,
+            mut map: impl FnMut(<<T as IntoIterator>::IntoIter as Iterator>::Item) -> R,
+        ) -> C {
+            // We catch panics here ensuring that all the loop iterations execute.
+            let mut panic = None;
+            let r = t.into_iter().filter_map(|i| {
+                match catch_unwind(AssertUnwindSafe(|| map(i))) {
+                    Ok(r) => Some(r),
+                    Err(p) => {
+                        if panic.is_none() {
+                            panic = Some(p);
+                        }
+                        None
+                    }
+                }
+            }).collect();
+            if let Some(panic) = panic {
+                resume_unwind(panic);
+            }
+            r
+        }
 
         pub use std::rc::Rc as Lrc;
         pub use std::rc::Weak as Weak;
@@ -302,49 +359,166 @@ cfg_if! {
         use parking_lot::RwLock as InnerRwLock;
 
         use std::thread;
-        pub use rayon::{join, scope};
+
+        #[inline]
+        pub fn join<A, B, RA: DynSend, RB: DynSend>(oper_a: A, oper_b: B) -> (RA, RB)
+        where
+            A: FnOnce() -> RA + DynSend,
+            B: FnOnce() -> RB + DynSend,
+        {
+            if mode::is_dyn_thread_safe() {
+                let oper_a = FromDyn::from(oper_a);
+                let oper_b = FromDyn::from(oper_b);
+                let (a, b) = rayon::join(move || FromDyn::from(oper_a.into_inner()()), move || FromDyn::from(oper_b.into_inner()()));
+                (a.into_inner(), b.into_inner())
+            } else {
+                (oper_a(), oper_b())
+            }
+        }
+
+        // This function only works when `mode::is_dyn_thread_safe()`.
+        pub fn scope<'scope, OP, R>(op: OP) -> R
+        where
+            OP: FnOnce(&rayon::Scope<'scope>) -> R + DynSend,
+            R: DynSend,
+        {
+            let op = FromDyn::from(op);
+            rayon::scope(|s| FromDyn::from(op.into_inner()(s))).into_inner()
+        }
 
         /// Runs a list of blocks in parallel. The first block is executed immediately on
         /// the current thread. Use that for the longest running block.
         #[macro_export]
         macro_rules! parallel {
-            (impl $fblock:tt [$($c:tt,)*] [$block:tt $(, $rest:tt)*]) => {
+            (impl $fblock:block [$($c:expr,)*] [$block:expr $(, $rest:expr)*]) => {
                 parallel!(impl $fblock [$block, $($c,)*] [$($rest),*])
             };
-            (impl $fblock:tt [$($blocks:tt,)*] []) => {
+            (impl $fblock:block [$($blocks:expr,)*] []) => {
                 ::rustc_data_structures::sync::scope(|s| {
+                    $(let block = rustc_data_structures::sync::FromDyn::from(|| $blocks);
+                    s.spawn(move |_| block.into_inner()());)*
+                    (|| $fblock)();
+                });
+            };
+            ($fblock:block, $($blocks:block),*) => {
+                if rustc_data_structures::sync::is_dyn_thread_safe() {
+                    // Reverse the order of the later blocks since Rayon executes them in reverse order
+                    // when using a single thread. This ensures the execution order matches that
+                    // of a single threaded rustc.
+                    parallel!(impl $fblock [] [$($blocks),*]);
+                } else {
+                    // We catch panics here ensuring that all the blocks execute.
+                    // This makes behavior consistent with the parallel compiler.
+                    let mut panic = None;
+                    if let Err(p) = ::std::panic::catch_unwind(
+                        ::std::panic::AssertUnwindSafe(|| $fblock)
+                    ) {
+                        if panic.is_none() {
+                            panic = Some(p);
+                        }
+                    }
                     $(
-                        s.spawn(|_| $blocks);
+                        if let Err(p) = ::std::panic::catch_unwind(
+                            ::std::panic::AssertUnwindSafe(|| $blocks)
+                        ) {
+                            if panic.is_none() {
+                                panic = Some(p);
+                            }
+                        }
                     )*
-                    $fblock;
-                })
-            };
-            ($fblock:tt, $($blocks:tt),*) => {
-                // Reverse the order of the later blocks since Rayon executes them in reverse order
-                // when using a single thread. This ensures the execution order matches that
-                // of a single threaded rustc
-                parallel!(impl $fblock [] [$($blocks),*]);
+                    if let Some(panic) = panic {
+                        ::std::panic::resume_unwind(panic);
+                    }
+                }
             };
         }
 
-        pub use rayon::iter::ParallelIterator;
-        use rayon::iter::IntoParallelIterator;
+        use rayon::iter::{FromParallelIterator, IntoParallelIterator, ParallelIterator};
 
-        pub fn par_iter<T: IntoParallelIterator>(t: T) -> T::Iter {
-            t.into_par_iter()
-        }
-
-        pub fn par_for_each_in<T: IntoParallelIterator>(
+        pub fn par_for_each_in<I, T: IntoIterator<Item = I> + IntoParallelIterator<Item = I>>(
             t: T,
-            for_each: impl Fn(T::Item) + Sync + Send,
+            for_each: impl Fn(I) + DynSync + DynSend
         ) {
-            let ps: Vec<_> = t.into_par_iter().map(|i| catch_unwind(AssertUnwindSafe(|| for_each(i)))).collect();
-            ps.into_iter().for_each(|p| if let Err(panic) = p {
-                resume_unwind(panic)
-            });
+            if mode::is_dyn_thread_safe() {
+                let for_each = FromDyn::from(for_each);
+                let panic: Lock<Option<_>> = Lock::new(None);
+                t.into_par_iter().for_each(|i| if let Err(p) = catch_unwind(AssertUnwindSafe(|| for_each(i))) {
+                    let mut l = panic.lock();
+                    if l.is_none() {
+                        *l = Some(p)
+                    }
+                });
+
+                if let Some(panic) = panic.into_inner() {
+                    resume_unwind(panic);
+                }
+            } else {
+                // We catch panics here ensuring that all the loop iterations execute.
+                // This makes behavior consistent with the parallel compiler.
+                let mut panic = None;
+                t.into_iter().for_each(|i| {
+                    if let Err(p) = catch_unwind(AssertUnwindSafe(|| for_each(i))) {
+                        if panic.is_none() {
+                            panic = Some(p);
+                        }
+                    }
+                });
+                if let Some(panic) = panic {
+                    resume_unwind(panic);
+                }
+            }
         }
 
-        pub type MetadataRef = OwnedSlice;
+        pub fn par_map<
+            I,
+            T: IntoIterator<Item = I> + IntoParallelIterator<Item = I>,
+            R: std::marker::Send,
+            C: FromIterator<R> + FromParallelIterator<R>
+        >(
+            t: T,
+            map: impl Fn(I) -> R + DynSync + DynSend
+        ) -> C {
+            if mode::is_dyn_thread_safe() {
+                let panic: Lock<Option<_>> = Lock::new(None);
+                let map = FromDyn::from(map);
+                // We catch panics here ensuring that all the loop iterations execute.
+                let r = t.into_par_iter().filter_map(|i| {
+                    match catch_unwind(AssertUnwindSafe(|| map(i))) {
+                        Ok(r) => Some(r),
+                        Err(p) => {
+                            let mut l = panic.lock();
+                            if l.is_none() {
+                                *l = Some(p);
+                            }
+                            None
+                        },
+                    }
+                }).collect();
+
+                if let Some(panic) = panic.into_inner() {
+                    resume_unwind(panic);
+                }
+                r
+            } else {
+                // We catch panics here ensuring that all the loop iterations execute.
+                let mut panic = None;
+                let r = t.into_iter().filter_map(|i| {
+                    match catch_unwind(AssertUnwindSafe(|| map(i))) {
+                        Ok(r) => Some(r),
+                        Err(p) => {
+                            if panic.is_none() {
+                                panic = Some(p);
+                            }
+                            None
+                        }
+                    }
+                }).collect();
+                if let Some(panic) = panic {
+                    resume_unwind(panic);
+                }
+                r
+            }
+        }
 
         /// This makes locks panic if they are already held.
         /// It is only useful when you are running in a single thread
@@ -352,11 +526,6 @@ cfg_if! {
     }
 }
 
-pub fn assert_sync<T: ?Sized + Sync>() {}
-pub fn assert_send<T: ?Sized + Send>() {}
-pub fn assert_send_val<T: ?Sized + Send>(_t: &T) {}
-pub fn assert_send_sync_val<T: ?Sized + Sync + Send>(_t: &T) {}
-
 #[derive(Default)]
 #[cfg_attr(parallel_compiler, repr(align(64)))]
 pub struct CacheAligned<T>(pub T);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/sync/worker_local.rs b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/sync/worker_local.rs
index bfb04ba8a73..d61bb55be68 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/sync/worker_local.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/sync/worker_local.rs
@@ -154,13 +154,6 @@ impl<T> WorkerLocal<T> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T> WorkerLocal<Vec<T>> {
-    /// Joins the elements of all the worker locals into one Vec
-    pub fn join(self) -> Vec<T> {
-        self.into_inner().into_iter().flat_map(|v| v).collect()
-    }
-}
-
 impl<T> Deref for WorkerLocal<T> {
     type Target = T;
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_driver_impl/Cargo.toml b/compiler/rustc_driver_impl/Cargo.toml
index d7d97fcc3e7..67352c55c90 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_driver_impl/Cargo.toml
+++ b/compiler/rustc_driver_impl/Cargo.toml
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ rustc_mir_transform = { path = "../rustc_mir_transform" }
 libc = "0.2"
 
 [target.'cfg(windows)'.dependencies.windows]
-version = "0.46.0"
+version = "0.48.0"
 features = [
     "Win32_System_Diagnostics_Debug",
 ]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_driver_impl/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_driver_impl/messages.ftl
index f19b1ff6426..22b4ec6b0d1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_driver_impl/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_driver_impl/messages.ftl
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
-driver_impl_rlink_unable_to_read = failed to read rlink file: `{$err}`
-
-driver_impl_rlink_wrong_file_type = The input does not look like a .rlink file
+driver_impl_ice = the compiler unexpectedly panicked. this is a bug.
+driver_impl_ice_bug_report = we would appreciate a bug report: {$bug_report_url}
+driver_impl_ice_exclude_cargo_defaults = some of the compiler flags provided by cargo are hidden
 
+driver_impl_ice_flags = compiler flags: {$flags}
+driver_impl_ice_version = rustc {$version} running on {$triple}
 driver_impl_rlink_empty_version_number = The input does not contain version number
 
 driver_impl_rlink_encoding_version_mismatch = .rlink file was produced with encoding version `{$version_array}`, but the current version is `{$rlink_version}`
 
+driver_impl_rlink_no_a_file = rlink must be a file
+
 driver_impl_rlink_rustc_version_mismatch = .rlink file was produced by rustc version `{$rustc_version}`, but the current version is `{$current_version}`
 
-driver_impl_rlink_no_a_file = rlink must be a file
+driver_impl_rlink_unable_to_read = failed to read rlink file: `{$err}`
 
-driver_impl_unpretty_dump_fail = pretty-print failed to write `{$path}` due to error `{$err}`
+driver_impl_rlink_wrong_file_type = The input does not look like a .rlink file
 
-driver_impl_ice = the compiler unexpectedly panicked. this is a bug.
-driver_impl_ice_bug_report = we would appreciate a bug report: {$bug_report_url}
-driver_impl_ice_version = rustc {$version} running on {$triple}
-driver_impl_ice_flags = compiler flags: {$flags}
-driver_impl_ice_exclude_cargo_defaults = some of the compiler flags provided by cargo are hidden
+driver_impl_unpretty_dump_fail = pretty-print failed to write `{$path}` due to error `{$err}`
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_driver_impl/src/args.rs b/compiler/rustc_driver_impl/src/args.rs
index 42c97cc6a9d..eb92ccc17b2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_driver_impl/src/args.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_driver_impl/src/args.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@ fn arg_expand(arg: String) -> Result<Vec<String>, Error> {
     }
 }
 
+/// **Note:** This function doesn't interpret argument 0 in any special way.
+/// If this function is intended to be used with command line arguments,
+/// `argv[0]` must be removed prior to calling it manually.
 pub fn arg_expand_all(at_args: &[String]) -> Vec<String> {
     let mut args = Vec::new();
     for arg in at_args {
@@ -25,7 +28,7 @@ pub fn arg_expand_all(at_args: &[String]) -> Vec<String> {
             Ok(arg) => args.extend(arg),
             Err(err) => rustc_session::early_error(
                 rustc_session::config::ErrorOutputType::default(),
-                &format!("Failed to load argument file: {err}"),
+                format!("Failed to load argument file: {err}"),
             ),
         }
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_driver_impl/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_driver_impl/src/lib.rs
index 9b16f246193..14888cf4d75 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_driver_impl/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_driver_impl/src/lib.rs
@@ -250,12 +250,25 @@ fn run_compiler(
         Box<dyn FnOnce(&config::Options) -> Box<dyn CodegenBackend> + Send>,
     >,
 ) -> interface::Result<()> {
+    // Throw away the first argument, the name of the binary.
+    // In case of at_args being empty, as might be the case by
+    // passing empty argument array to execve under some platforms,
+    // just use an empty slice.
+    //
+    // This situation was possible before due to arg_expand_all being
+    // called before removing the argument, enabling a crash by calling
+    // the compiler with @empty_file as argv[0] and no more arguments.
+    let at_args = at_args.get(1..).unwrap_or_default();
+
     let args = args::arg_expand_all(at_args);
 
     let Some(matches) = handle_options(&args) else { return Ok(()) };
 
     let sopts = config::build_session_options(&matches);
 
+    // Set parallel mode before thread pool creation, which will create `Lock`s.
+    interface::set_thread_safe_mode(&sopts.unstable_opts);
+
     if let Some(ref code) = matches.opt_str("explain") {
         handle_explain(diagnostics_registry(), code, sopts.error_format);
         return Ok(());
@@ -319,7 +332,7 @@ fn run_compiler(
             1 => panic!("make_input should have provided valid inputs"),
             _ => early_error(
                 config.opts.error_format,
-                &format!(
+                format!(
                     "multiple input filenames provided (first two filenames are `{}` and `{}`)",
                     matches.free[0], matches.free[1],
                 ),
@@ -524,7 +537,7 @@ fn handle_explain(registry: Registry, code: &str, output: ErrorOutputType) {
             }
         }
         Err(InvalidErrorCode) => {
-            early_error(output, &format!("{code} is not a valid error code"));
+            early_error(output, format!("{code} is not a valid error code"));
         }
     }
 }
@@ -569,7 +582,7 @@ pub fn try_process_rlink(sess: &Session, compiler: &interface::Compiler) -> Comp
             let rlink_data = fs::read(file).unwrap_or_else(|err| {
                 sess.emit_fatal(RlinkUnableToRead { err });
             });
-            let codegen_results = match CodegenResults::deserialize_rlink(rlink_data) {
+            let codegen_results = match CodegenResults::deserialize_rlink(sess, rlink_data) {
                 Ok(codegen) => codegen,
                 Err(err) => {
                     match err {
@@ -583,10 +596,10 @@ pub fn try_process_rlink(sess: &Session, compiler: &interface::Compiler) -> Comp
                                 rlink_version,
                             })
                         }
-                        CodegenErrors::RustcVersionMismatch { rustc_version, current_version } => {
+                        CodegenErrors::RustcVersionMismatch { rustc_version } => {
                             sess.emit_fatal(RLinkRustcVersionMismatch {
                                 rustc_version,
-                                current_version,
+                                current_version: sess.cfg_version,
                             })
                         }
                     };
@@ -1071,9 +1084,6 @@ fn print_flag_list<T>(
 /// So with all that in mind, the comments below have some more detail about the
 /// contortions done here to get things to work out correctly.
 pub fn handle_options(args: &[String]) -> Option<getopts::Matches> {
-    // Throw away the first argument, the name of the binary
-    let args = &args[1..];
-
     if args.is_empty() {
         // user did not write `-v` nor `-Z unstable-options`, so do not
         // include that extra information.
@@ -1099,7 +1109,7 @@ pub fn handle_options(args: &[String]) -> Option<getopts::Matches> {
                 .map(|(flag, _)| format!("{e}. Did you mean `-{flag} {opt}`?")),
             _ => None,
         };
-        early_error(ErrorOutputType::default(), &msg.unwrap_or_else(|| e.to_string()));
+        early_error(ErrorOutputType::default(), msg.unwrap_or_else(|| e.to_string()));
     });
 
     // For all options we just parsed, we check a few aspects:
@@ -1247,7 +1257,8 @@ pub fn install_ice_hook(bug_report_url: &'static str, extra_info: fn(&Handler))
         #[cfg(windows)]
         if let Some(msg) = info.payload().downcast_ref::<String>() {
             if msg.starts_with("failed printing to stdout: ") && msg.ends_with("(os error 232)") {
-                early_error_no_abort(ErrorOutputType::default(), &msg);
+                // the error code is already going to be reported when the panic unwinds up the stack
+                let _ = early_error_no_abort(ErrorOutputType::default(), msg.clone());
                 return;
             }
         };
@@ -1311,7 +1322,7 @@ pub fn report_ice(info: &panic::PanicInfo<'_>, bug_report_url: &str, extra_info:
     }
 
     // If backtraces are enabled, also print the query stack
-    let backtrace = env::var_os("RUST_BACKTRACE").map_or(false, |x| &x != "0");
+    let backtrace = env::var_os("RUST_BACKTRACE").is_some_and(|x| &x != "0");
 
     let num_frames = if backtrace { None } else { Some(2) };
 
@@ -1339,7 +1350,7 @@ pub fn init_rustc_env_logger() {
 /// other than `RUSTC_LOG`.
 pub fn init_env_logger(env: &str) {
     if let Err(error) = rustc_log::init_env_logger(env) {
-        early_error(ErrorOutputType::default(), &error.to_string());
+        early_error(ErrorOutputType::default(), error.to_string());
     }
 }
 
@@ -1406,7 +1417,7 @@ pub fn main() -> ! {
                 arg.into_string().unwrap_or_else(|arg| {
                     early_error(
                         ErrorOutputType::default(),
-                        &format!("argument {i} is not valid Unicode: {arg:?}"),
+                        format!("argument {i} is not valid Unicode: {arg:?}"),
                     )
                 })
             })
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes/E0133.md b/compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes/E0133.md
index 1adbcc31356..8ca3f03ce15 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes/E0133.md
+++ b/compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes/E0133.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Unsafe code was used outside of an unsafe function or block.
+Unsafe code was used outside of an unsafe block.
 
 Erroneous code example:
 
@@ -30,4 +30,21 @@ fn main() {
 
 See the [unsafe section][unsafe-section] of the Book for more details.
 
+#### Unsafe code in functions
+
+Unsafe code is currently accepted in unsafe functions, but that is being phased
+out in favor of requiring unsafe blocks here too.
+
+```
+unsafe fn f() { return; }
+
+unsafe fn g() {
+    f(); // Is accepted, but no longer recommended
+    unsafe { f(); } // Recommended way to write this
+}
+```
+
+Linting against this is controlled via the `unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn` lint, which
+is `allow` by default but will be upgraded to `warn` in a future edition.
+
 [unsafe-section]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-01-unsafe-rust.html
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_error_messages/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_error_messages/src/lib.rs
index 6c3f677ab8e..2a97c4ff7ae 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_error_messages/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_error_messages/src/lib.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ extern crate tracing;
 use fluent_bundle::FluentResource;
 use fluent_syntax::parser::ParserError;
 use icu_provider_adapters::fallback::{LocaleFallbackProvider, LocaleFallbacker};
-use rustc_data_structures::sync::Lrc;
+use rustc_data_structures::sync::{IntoDynSyncSend, Lrc};
 use rustc_fluent_macro::fluent_messages;
 use rustc_macros::{Decodable, Encodable};
 use rustc_span::Span;
@@ -37,16 +37,17 @@ pub use unic_langid::{langid, LanguageIdentifier};
 
 fluent_messages! { "../messages.ftl" }
 
-pub type FluentBundle = fluent_bundle::bundle::FluentBundle<FluentResource, IntlLangMemoizer>;
+pub type FluentBundle =
+    IntoDynSyncSend<fluent_bundle::bundle::FluentBundle<FluentResource, IntlLangMemoizer>>;
 
-#[cfg(parallel_compiler)]
+#[cfg(not(parallel_compiler))]
 fn new_bundle(locales: Vec<LanguageIdentifier>) -> FluentBundle {
-    FluentBundle::new_concurrent(locales)
+    IntoDynSyncSend(fluent_bundle::bundle::FluentBundle::new(locales))
 }
 
-#[cfg(not(parallel_compiler))]
+#[cfg(parallel_compiler)]
 fn new_bundle(locales: Vec<LanguageIdentifier>) -> FluentBundle {
-    FluentBundle::new(locales)
+    IntoDynSyncSend(fluent_bundle::bundle::FluentBundle::new_concurrent(locales))
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -262,8 +263,7 @@ type FluentId = Cow<'static, str>;
 #[rustc_diagnostic_item = "SubdiagnosticMessage"]
 pub enum SubdiagnosticMessage {
     /// Non-translatable diagnostic message.
-    // FIXME(davidtwco): can a `Cow<'static, str>` be used here?
-    Str(String),
+    Str(Cow<'static, str>),
     /// Translatable message which has already been translated eagerly.
     ///
     /// Some diagnostics have repeated subdiagnostics where the same interpolated variables would
@@ -274,8 +274,7 @@ pub enum SubdiagnosticMessage {
     /// incorrect diagnostics. Eager translation results in translation for a subdiagnostic
     /// happening immediately after the subdiagnostic derive's logic has been run. This variant
     /// stores messages which have been translated eagerly.
-    // FIXME(#100717): can a `Cow<'static, str>` be used here?
-    Eager(String),
+    Eager(Cow<'static, str>),
     /// Identifier of a Fluent message. Instances of this variant are generated by the
     /// `Subdiagnostic` derive.
     FluentIdentifier(FluentId),
@@ -289,17 +288,17 @@ pub enum SubdiagnosticMessage {
 
 impl From<String> for SubdiagnosticMessage {
     fn from(s: String) -> Self {
-        SubdiagnosticMessage::Str(s)
+        SubdiagnosticMessage::Str(Cow::Owned(s))
     }
 }
-impl<'a> From<&'a str> for SubdiagnosticMessage {
-    fn from(s: &'a str) -> Self {
-        SubdiagnosticMessage::Str(s.to_string())
+impl From<&'static str> for SubdiagnosticMessage {
+    fn from(s: &'static str) -> Self {
+        SubdiagnosticMessage::Str(Cow::Borrowed(s))
     }
 }
 impl From<Cow<'static, str>> for SubdiagnosticMessage {
     fn from(s: Cow<'static, str>) -> Self {
-        SubdiagnosticMessage::Str(s.to_string())
+        SubdiagnosticMessage::Str(s)
     }
 }
 
@@ -311,8 +310,7 @@ impl From<Cow<'static, str>> for SubdiagnosticMessage {
 #[rustc_diagnostic_item = "DiagnosticMessage"]
 pub enum DiagnosticMessage {
     /// Non-translatable diagnostic message.
-    // FIXME(#100717): can a `Cow<'static, str>` be used here?
-    Str(String),
+    Str(Cow<'static, str>),
     /// Translatable message which has already been translated eagerly.
     ///
     /// Some diagnostics have repeated subdiagnostics where the same interpolated variables would
@@ -323,8 +321,7 @@ pub enum DiagnosticMessage {
     /// incorrect diagnostics. Eager translation results in translation for a subdiagnostic
     /// happening immediately after the subdiagnostic derive's logic has been run. This variant
     /// stores messages which have been translated eagerly.
-    // FIXME(#100717): can a `Cow<'static, str>` be used here?
-    Eager(String),
+    Eager(Cow<'static, str>),
     /// Identifier for a Fluent message (with optional attribute) corresponding to the diagnostic
     /// message.
     ///
@@ -362,17 +359,17 @@ impl DiagnosticMessage {
 
 impl From<String> for DiagnosticMessage {
     fn from(s: String) -> Self {
-        DiagnosticMessage::Str(s)
+        DiagnosticMessage::Str(Cow::Owned(s))
     }
 }
-impl<'a> From<&'a str> for DiagnosticMessage {
-    fn from(s: &'a str) -> Self {
-        DiagnosticMessage::Str(s.to_string())
+impl From<&'static str> for DiagnosticMessage {
+    fn from(s: &'static str) -> Self {
+        DiagnosticMessage::Str(Cow::Borrowed(s))
     }
 }
 impl From<Cow<'static, str>> for DiagnosticMessage {
     fn from(s: Cow<'static, str>) -> Self {
-        DiagnosticMessage::Str(s.to_string())
+        DiagnosticMessage::Str(s)
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_errors/Cargo.toml b/compiler/rustc_errors/Cargo.toml
index 46ace8eb2dd..bd3033fcb3e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_errors/Cargo.toml
+++ b/compiler/rustc_errors/Cargo.toml
@@ -27,12 +27,11 @@ serde = { version = "1.0.125", features = [ "derive" ] }
 serde_json = "1.0.59"
 
 [target.'cfg(windows)'.dependencies.windows]
-version = "0.46.0"
+version = "0.48.0"
 features = [
     "Win32_Foundation",
     "Win32_Security",
     "Win32_System_Threading",
-    "Win32_System_WindowsProgramming",
 ]
 
 [features]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_errors/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_errors/messages.ftl
index dde1d6c0a81..33709734322 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_errors/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_errors/messages.ftl
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
-errors_target_invalid_address_space =
-    invalid address space `{$addr_space}` for `{$cause}` in "data-layout": {$err}
+errors_target_inconsistent_architecture =
+    inconsistent target specification: "data-layout" claims architecture is {$dl}-endian, while "target-endian" is `{$target}`
 
-errors_target_invalid_bits =
-    invalid {$kind} `{$bit}` for `{$cause}` in "data-layout": {$err}
+errors_target_inconsistent_pointer_width =
+    inconsistent target specification: "data-layout" claims pointers are {$pointer_size}-bit, while "target-pointer-width" is `{$target}`
 
-errors_target_missing_alignment =
-    missing alignment for `{$cause}` in "data-layout"
+errors_target_invalid_address_space =
+    invalid address space `{$addr_space}` for `{$cause}` in "data-layout": {$err}
 
 errors_target_invalid_alignment =
     invalid alignment for `{$cause}` in "data-layout": {$err}
 
-errors_target_inconsistent_architecture =
-    inconsistent target specification: "data-layout" claims architecture is {$dl}-endian, while "target-endian" is `{$target}`
-
-errors_target_inconsistent_pointer_width =
-    inconsistent target specification: "data-layout" claims pointers are {$pointer_size}-bit, while "target-pointer-width" is `{$target}`
+errors_target_invalid_bits =
+    invalid {$kind} `{$bit}` for `{$cause}` in "data-layout": {$err}
 
 errors_target_invalid_bits_size = {$err}
+
+errors_target_missing_alignment =
+    missing alignment for `{$cause}` in "data-layout"
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_errors/src/diagnostic.rs b/compiler/rustc_errors/src/diagnostic.rs
index 29c692128bc..488f2d67ee5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_errors/src/diagnostic.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_errors/src/diagnostic.rs
@@ -352,14 +352,9 @@ impl Diagnostic {
 
     /// Labels all the given spans with the provided label.
     /// See [`Self::span_label()`] for more information.
-    pub fn span_labels(
-        &mut self,
-        spans: impl IntoIterator<Item = Span>,
-        label: impl AsRef<str>,
-    ) -> &mut Self {
-        let label = label.as_ref();
+    pub fn span_labels(&mut self, spans: impl IntoIterator<Item = Span>, label: &str) -> &mut Self {
         for span in spans {
-            self.span_label(span, label);
+            self.span_label(span, label.to_string());
         }
         self
     }
@@ -394,17 +389,18 @@ impl Diagnostic {
         expected: DiagnosticStyledString,
         found: DiagnosticStyledString,
     ) -> &mut Self {
-        let mut msg: Vec<_> = vec![("required when trying to coerce from type `", Style::NoStyle)];
+        let mut msg: Vec<_> =
+            vec![(Cow::from("required when trying to coerce from type `"), Style::NoStyle)];
         msg.extend(expected.0.iter().map(|x| match *x {
-            StringPart::Normal(ref s) => (s.as_str(), Style::NoStyle),
-            StringPart::Highlighted(ref s) => (s.as_str(), Style::Highlight),
+            StringPart::Normal(ref s) => (Cow::from(s.clone()), Style::NoStyle),
+            StringPart::Highlighted(ref s) => (Cow::from(s.clone()), Style::Highlight),
         }));
-        msg.push(("` to type '", Style::NoStyle));
+        msg.push((Cow::from("` to type '"), Style::NoStyle));
         msg.extend(found.0.iter().map(|x| match *x {
-            StringPart::Normal(ref s) => (s.as_str(), Style::NoStyle),
-            StringPart::Highlighted(ref s) => (s.as_str(), Style::Highlight),
+            StringPart::Normal(ref s) => (Cow::from(s.clone()), Style::NoStyle),
+            StringPart::Highlighted(ref s) => (Cow::from(s.clone()), Style::Highlight),
         }));
-        msg.push(("`", Style::NoStyle));
+        msg.push((Cow::from("`"), Style::NoStyle));
 
         // For now, just attach these as notes
         self.highlighted_note(msg);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_errors/src/diagnostic_builder.rs b/compiler/rustc_errors/src/diagnostic_builder.rs
index db97d96fccd..7d9d0c76450 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_errors/src/diagnostic_builder.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_errors/src/diagnostic_builder.rs
@@ -558,7 +558,7 @@ impl<'a, G: EmissionGuarantee> DiagnosticBuilder<'a, G> {
         }
 
         // Take the `Diagnostic` by replacing it with a dummy.
-        let dummy = Diagnostic::new(Level::Allow, DiagnosticMessage::Str("".to_string()));
+        let dummy = Diagnostic::new(Level::Allow, DiagnosticMessage::from(""));
         let diagnostic = std::mem::replace(&mut *self.inner.diagnostic, dummy);
 
         // Disable the ICE on `Drop`.
@@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ impl<'a, G: EmissionGuarantee> DiagnosticBuilder<'a, G> {
     pub fn span_labels(
         &mut self,
         spans: impl IntoIterator<Item = Span>,
-        label: impl AsRef<str>,
+        label: &str,
     ) -> &mut Self);
 
     forward!(pub fn note_expected_found(
@@ -781,8 +781,8 @@ impl Drop for DiagnosticBuilderInner<'_> {
                 if !panicking() {
                     handler.emit_diagnostic(&mut Diagnostic::new(
                         Level::Bug,
-                        DiagnosticMessage::Str(
-                            "the following error was constructed but not emitted".to_string(),
+                        DiagnosticMessage::from(
+                            "the following error was constructed but not emitted",
                         ),
                     ));
                     handler.emit_diagnostic(&mut self.diagnostic);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_errors/src/emitter.rs b/compiler/rustc_errors/src/emitter.rs
index 68e57de5e08..d8c997b49a1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_errors/src/emitter.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_errors/src/emitter.rs
@@ -285,15 +285,11 @@ pub trait Emitter: Translate {
                     format!(
                         "help: {}{}: `{}`",
                         &msg,
-                        if self
-                            .source_map()
-                            .map(|sm| is_case_difference(
-                                sm,
-                                substitution,
-                                sugg.substitutions[0].parts[0].span,
-                            ))
-                            .unwrap_or(false)
-                        {
+                        if self.source_map().is_some_and(|sm| is_case_difference(
+                            sm,
+                            substitution,
+                            sugg.substitutions[0].parts[0].span,
+                        )) {
                             " (notice the capitalization)"
                         } else {
                             ""
@@ -336,7 +332,7 @@ pub trait Emitter: Translate {
 
                     // Skip past non-macro entries, just in case there
                     // are some which do actually involve macros.
-                    ExpnKind::Inlined | ExpnKind::Desugaring(..) | ExpnKind::AstPass(..) => None,
+                    ExpnKind::Desugaring(..) | ExpnKind::AstPass(..) => None,
 
                     ExpnKind::Macro(macro_kind, name) => Some((macro_kind, name)),
                 }
@@ -371,7 +367,7 @@ pub trait Emitter: Translate {
 
                 children.push(SubDiagnostic {
                     level: Level::Note,
-                    message: vec![(DiagnosticMessage::Str(msg), Style::NoStyle)],
+                    message: vec![(DiagnosticMessage::from(msg), Style::NoStyle)],
                     span: MultiSpan::new(),
                     render_span: None,
                 });
@@ -407,7 +403,7 @@ pub trait Emitter: Translate {
                     continue;
                 }
 
-                if always_backtrace && !matches!(trace.kind, ExpnKind::Inlined) {
+                if always_backtrace {
                     new_labels.push((
                         trace.def_site,
                         format!(
@@ -446,7 +442,6 @@ pub trait Emitter: Translate {
                             "this derive macro expansion".into()
                         }
                         ExpnKind::Macro(MacroKind::Bang, _) => "this macro invocation".into(),
-                        ExpnKind::Inlined => "this inlined function call".into(),
                         ExpnKind::Root => "the crate root".into(),
                         ExpnKind::AstPass(kind) => kind.descr().into(),
                         ExpnKind::Desugaring(kind) => {
@@ -2303,22 +2298,25 @@ impl EmitterWriter {
 
         // Colorize addition/replacements with green.
         for &SubstitutionHighlight { start, end } in highlight_parts {
-            // Account for tabs when highlighting (#87972).
-            let tabs: usize = line_to_add
-                .chars()
-                .take(start)
-                .map(|ch| match ch {
-                    '\t' => 3,
-                    _ => 0,
-                })
-                .sum();
-            buffer.set_style_range(
-                *row_num,
-                max_line_num_len + 3 + start + tabs,
-                max_line_num_len + 3 + end + tabs,
-                Style::Addition,
-                true,
-            );
+            // This is a no-op for empty ranges
+            if start != end {
+                // Account for tabs when highlighting (#87972).
+                let tabs: usize = line_to_add
+                    .chars()
+                    .take(start)
+                    .map(|ch| match ch {
+                        '\t' => 3,
+                        _ => 0,
+                    })
+                    .sum();
+                buffer.set_style_range(
+                    *row_num,
+                    max_line_num_len + 3 + start + tabs,
+                    max_line_num_len + 3 + end + tabs,
+                    Style::Addition,
+                    true,
+                );
+            }
         }
         *row_num += 1;
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_errors/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_errors/src/lib.rs
index fcbd9a53b48..6c5f3e62454 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_errors/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_errors/src/lib.rs
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ use emitter::{is_case_difference, Emitter, EmitterWriter};
 use registry::Registry;
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet, FxIndexMap, FxIndexSet};
 use rustc_data_structures::stable_hasher::{Hash128, StableHasher};
-use rustc_data_structures::sync::{self, Lock, Lrc};
+use rustc_data_structures::sync::{self, IntoDynSyncSend, Lock, Lrc};
 use rustc_data_structures::AtomicRef;
 pub use rustc_error_messages::{
     fallback_fluent_bundle, fluent_bundle, DelayDm, DiagnosticMessage, FluentBundle,
@@ -330,12 +330,11 @@ impl CodeSuggestion {
                     });
                     buf.push_str(&part.snippet);
                     let cur_hi = sm.lookup_char_pos(part.span.hi());
-                    if cur_hi.line == cur_lo.line && !part.snippet.is_empty() {
-                        // Account for the difference between the width of the current code and the
-                        // snippet being suggested, so that the *later* suggestions are correctly
-                        // aligned on the screen.
-                        acc += len - (cur_hi.col.0 - cur_lo.col.0) as isize;
-                    }
+                    // Account for the difference between the width of the current code and the
+                    // snippet being suggested, so that the *later* suggestions are correctly
+                    // aligned on the screen. Note that cur_hi and cur_lo can be on different
+                    // lines, so cur_hi.col can be smaller than cur_lo.col
+                    acc += len - (cur_hi.col.0 as isize - cur_lo.col.0 as isize);
                     prev_hi = cur_hi;
                     prev_line = sf.get_line(prev_hi.line - 1);
                     for line in part.snippet.split('\n').skip(1) {
@@ -409,7 +408,7 @@ struct HandlerInner {
     err_count: usize,
     warn_count: usize,
     deduplicated_err_count: usize,
-    emitter: Box<dyn Emitter + sync::Send>,
+    emitter: IntoDynSyncSend<Box<dyn Emitter + sync::Send>>,
     delayed_span_bugs: Vec<DelayedDiagnostic>,
     delayed_good_path_bugs: Vec<DelayedDiagnostic>,
     /// This flag indicates that an expected diagnostic was emitted and suppressed.
@@ -478,6 +477,8 @@ pub enum StashKey {
     /// FRU syntax
     MaybeFruTypo,
     CallAssocMethod,
+    TraitMissingMethod,
+    OpaqueHiddenTypeMismatch,
 }
 
 fn default_track_diagnostic(d: &mut Diagnostic, f: &mut dyn FnMut(&mut Diagnostic)) {
@@ -605,7 +606,7 @@ impl Handler {
                 warn_count: 0,
                 deduplicated_err_count: 0,
                 deduplicated_warn_count: 0,
-                emitter,
+                emitter: IntoDynSyncSend(emitter),
                 delayed_span_bugs: Vec::new(),
                 delayed_good_path_bugs: Vec::new(),
                 suppressed_expected_diag: false,
@@ -627,7 +628,7 @@ impl Handler {
         message: DiagnosticMessage,
         args: impl Iterator<Item = DiagnosticArg<'a, 'static>>,
     ) -> SubdiagnosticMessage {
-        SubdiagnosticMessage::Eager(self.eagerly_translate_to_string(message, args))
+        SubdiagnosticMessage::Eager(Cow::from(self.eagerly_translate_to_string(message, args)))
     }
 
     /// Translate `message` eagerly with `args` to `String`.
@@ -1436,7 +1437,7 @@ impl HandlerInner {
     }
 
     fn treat_err_as_bug(&self) -> bool {
-        self.flags.treat_err_as_bug.map_or(false, |c| {
+        self.flags.treat_err_as_bug.is_some_and(|c| {
             self.err_count() + self.lint_err_count + self.delayed_bug_count() >= c.get()
         })
     }
@@ -1449,14 +1450,14 @@ impl HandlerInner {
         self.emit_stashed_diagnostics();
 
         let warnings = match self.deduplicated_warn_count {
-            0 => String::new(),
-            1 => "1 warning emitted".to_string(),
-            count => format!("{count} warnings emitted"),
+            0 => Cow::from(""),
+            1 => Cow::from("1 warning emitted"),
+            count => Cow::from(format!("{count} warnings emitted")),
         };
         let errors = match self.deduplicated_err_count {
-            0 => String::new(),
-            1 => "aborting due to previous error".to_string(),
-            count => format!("aborting due to {count} previous errors"),
+            0 => Cow::from(""),
+            1 => Cow::from("aborting due to previous error"),
+            count => Cow::from(format!("aborting due to {count} previous errors")),
         };
         if self.treat_err_as_bug() {
             return;
@@ -1602,7 +1603,7 @@ impl HandlerInner {
         // This is technically `self.treat_err_as_bug()` but `delay_span_bug` is called before
         // incrementing `err_count` by one, so we need to +1 the comparing.
         // FIXME: Would be nice to increment err_count in a more coherent way.
-        if self.flags.treat_err_as_bug.map_or(false, |c| {
+        if self.flags.treat_err_as_bug.is_some_and(|c| {
             self.err_count() + self.lint_err_count + self.delayed_bug_count() + 1 >= c.get()
         }) {
             // FIXME: don't abort here if report_delayed_bugs is off
@@ -1739,7 +1740,7 @@ impl DelayedDiagnostic {
     }
 
     fn decorate(mut self) -> Diagnostic {
-        self.inner.note(format!("delayed at {}", self.note));
+        self.inner.note(format!("delayed at {}\n{}", self.inner.emitted_at, self.note));
         self.inner
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_errors/src/lock.rs b/compiler/rustc_errors/src/lock.rs
index 7db262abfde..bd5cf49b56b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_errors/src/lock.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_errors/src/lock.rs
@@ -19,8 +19,7 @@ pub fn acquire_global_lock(name: &str) -> Box<dyn Any> {
     use windows::{
         core::PCSTR,
         Win32::Foundation::{CloseHandle, HANDLE, WAIT_ABANDONED, WAIT_OBJECT_0},
-        Win32::System::Threading::{CreateMutexA, ReleaseMutex, WaitForSingleObject},
-        Win32::System::WindowsProgramming::INFINITE,
+        Win32::System::Threading::{CreateMutexA, ReleaseMutex, WaitForSingleObject, INFINITE},
     };
 
     struct Handle(HANDLE);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_errors/src/tests.rs b/compiler/rustc_errors/src/tests.rs
index 52103e46097..0e729b71680 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_errors/src/tests.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_errors/src/tests.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use crate::error::{TranslateError, TranslateErrorKind};
 use crate::fluent_bundle::*;
 use crate::translation::Translate;
 use crate::FluentBundle;
-use rustc_data_structures::sync::Lrc;
+use rustc_data_structures::sync::{IntoDynSyncSend, Lrc};
 use rustc_error_messages::fluent_bundle::resolver::errors::{ReferenceKind, ResolverError};
 use rustc_error_messages::langid;
 use rustc_error_messages::DiagnosticMessage;
@@ -27,10 +27,14 @@ fn make_dummy(ftl: &'static str) -> Dummy {
     let langid_en = langid!("en-US");
 
     #[cfg(parallel_compiler)]
-    let mut bundle = FluentBundle::new_concurrent(vec![langid_en]);
+    let mut bundle: FluentBundle =
+        IntoDynSyncSend(crate::fluent_bundle::bundle::FluentBundle::new_concurrent(vec![
+            langid_en,
+        ]));
 
     #[cfg(not(parallel_compiler))]
-    let mut bundle = FluentBundle::new(vec![langid_en]);
+    let mut bundle: FluentBundle =
+        IntoDynSyncSend(crate::fluent_bundle::bundle::FluentBundle::new(vec![langid_en]));
 
     bundle.add_resource(resource).expect("Failed to add FTL resources to the bundle.");
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_expand/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_expand/messages.ftl
index 70d2718b706..6c7e68246ea 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_expand/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_expand/messages.ftl
@@ -1,142 +1,142 @@
-expand_explain_doc_comment_outer =
-    outer doc comments expand to `#[doc = "..."]`, which is what this macro attempted to match
-
-expand_explain_doc_comment_inner =
-    inner doc comments expand to `#![doc = "..."]`, which is what this macro attempted to match
-
-expand_expr_repeat_no_syntax_vars =
-    attempted to repeat an expression containing no syntax variables matched as repeating at this depth
-
-expand_must_repeat_once =
-    this must repeat at least once
-
-expand_count_repetition_misplaced =
-    `count` can not be placed inside the inner-most repetition
-
-expand_meta_var_expr_unrecognized_var =
-    variable `{$key}` is not recognized in meta-variable expression
-
-expand_var_still_repeating =
-    variable '{$ident}' is still repeating at this depth
-
-expand_meta_var_dif_seq_matchers = {$msg}
-
-expand_macro_const_stability =
-    macros cannot have const stability attributes
-    .label = invalid const stability attribute
-    .label2 = const stability attribute affects this macro
-
-expand_macro_body_stability =
-    macros cannot have body stability attributes
-    .label = invalid body stability attribute
-    .label2 = body stability attribute affects this macro
-
-expand_resolve_relative_path =
-    cannot resolve relative path in non-file source `{$path}`
+expand_arg_not_attributes =
+    second argument must be `attributes`
 
 expand_attr_no_arguments =
     attribute must have either one or two arguments
 
-expand_not_a_meta_item =
-    not a meta item
-
-expand_only_one_word =
-    must only be one word
-
-expand_cannot_be_name_of_macro =
-    `{$trait_ident}` cannot be a name of {$macro_type} macro
+expand_attribute_meta_item =
+    attribute must be a meta item, not a literal
 
-expand_arg_not_attributes =
-    second argument must be `attributes`
+expand_attribute_single_word =
+    attribute must only be a single word
 
 expand_attributes_wrong_form =
     attribute must be of form: `attributes(foo, bar)`
 
-expand_attribute_meta_item =
-    attribute must be a meta item, not a literal
+expand_cannot_be_name_of_macro =
+    `{$trait_ident}` cannot be a name of {$macro_type} macro
 
-expand_attribute_single_word =
-    attribute must only be a single word
+expand_count_repetition_misplaced =
+    `count` can not be placed inside the inner-most repetition
 
-expand_helper_attribute_name_invalid =
-    `{$name}` cannot be a name of derive helper attribute
+expand_duplicate_matcher_binding = duplicate matcher binding
+    .label = duplicate binding
+    .label2 = previous binding
 
 expand_expected_comma_in_list =
     expected token: `,`
 
-expand_only_one_argument =
-    {$name} takes 1 argument
+expand_explain_doc_comment_inner =
+    inner doc comments expand to `#![doc = "..."]`, which is what this macro attempted to match
 
-expand_takes_no_arguments =
-    {$name} takes no arguments
+expand_explain_doc_comment_outer =
+    outer doc comments expand to `#[doc = "..."]`, which is what this macro attempted to match
+
+expand_expr_repeat_no_syntax_vars =
+    attempted to repeat an expression containing no syntax variables matched as repeating at this depth
 
 expand_feature_included_in_edition =
     the feature `{$feature}` is included in the Rust {$edition} edition
 
+expand_feature_not_allowed =
+    the feature `{$name}` is not in the list of allowed features
+
 expand_feature_removed =
     feature has been removed
     .label = feature has been removed
     .reason = {$reason}
 
-expand_feature_not_allowed =
-    the feature `{$name}` is not in the list of allowed features
-
-expand_recursion_limit_reached =
-    recursion limit reached while expanding `{$descr}`
-    .help = consider increasing the recursion limit by adding a `#![recursion_limit = "{$suggested_limit}"]` attribute to your crate (`{$crate_name}`)
+expand_helper_attribute_name_invalid =
+    `{$name}` cannot be a name of derive helper attribute
 
-expand_malformed_feature_attribute =
-    malformed `feature` attribute input
-    .expected = expected just one word
+expand_incomplete_parse =
+    macro expansion ignores token `{$token}` and any following
+    .label = caused by the macro expansion here
+    .note = the usage of `{$macro_path}!` is likely invalid in {$kind_name} context
+    .suggestion_add_semi = you might be missing a semicolon here
 
-expand_remove_expr_not_supported =
-    removing an expression is not supported in this position
+expand_invalid_cfg_expected_syntax = expected syntax is
 
+expand_invalid_cfg_multiple_predicates = multiple `cfg` predicates are specified
 expand_invalid_cfg_no_parens = `cfg` is not followed by parentheses
 expand_invalid_cfg_no_predicate = `cfg` predicate is not specified
-expand_invalid_cfg_multiple_predicates = multiple `cfg` predicates are specified
 expand_invalid_cfg_predicate_literal = `cfg` predicate key cannot be a literal
-expand_invalid_cfg_expected_syntax = expected syntax is
+expand_macro_body_stability =
+    macros cannot have body stability attributes
+    .label = invalid body stability attribute
+    .label2 = body stability attribute affects this macro
 
-expand_wrong_fragment_kind =
-    non-{$kind} macro in {$kind} position: {$name}
+expand_macro_const_stability =
+    macros cannot have const stability attributes
+    .label = invalid const stability attribute
+    .label2 = const stability attribute affects this macro
 
-expand_unsupported_key_value =
-    key-value macro attributes are not supported
+expand_malformed_feature_attribute =
+    malformed `feature` attribute input
+    .expected = expected just one word
 
-expand_incomplete_parse =
-    macro expansion ignores token `{$token}` and any following
-    .label = caused by the macro expansion here
-    .note = the usage of `{$macro_path}!` is likely invalid in {$kind_name} context
-    .suggestion_add_semi = you might be missing a semicolon here
+expand_meta_var_dif_seq_matchers = {$msg}
 
-expand_remove_node_not_supported =
-    removing {$descr} is not supported in this position
+expand_meta_var_expr_unrecognized_var =
+    variable `{$key}` is not recognized in meta-variable expression
 
 expand_module_circular =
     circular modules: {$modules}
 
-expand_module_in_block =
-    cannot declare a non-inline module inside a block unless it has a path attribute
-    .note = maybe `use` the module `{$name}` instead of redeclaring it
-
 expand_module_file_not_found =
     file not found for module `{$name}`
     .help = to create the module `{$name}`, create file "{$default_path}" or "{$secondary_path}"
 
+expand_module_in_block =
+    cannot declare a non-inline module inside a block unless it has a path attribute
+    .note = maybe `use` the module `{$name}` instead of redeclaring it
+
 expand_module_multiple_candidates =
     file for module `{$name}` found at both "{$default_path}" and "{$secondary_path}"
     .help = delete or rename one of them to remove the ambiguity
 
-expand_trace_macro = trace_macro
+expand_must_repeat_once =
+    this must repeat at least once
+
+expand_not_a_meta_item =
+    not a meta item
+
+expand_only_one_argument =
+    {$name} takes 1 argument
+
+expand_only_one_word =
+    must only be one word
+
+expand_proc_macro_derive_tokens =
+    proc-macro derive produced unparsable tokens
 
 expand_proc_macro_panicked =
     proc macro panicked
     .help = message: {$message}
 
-expand_proc_macro_derive_tokens =
-    proc-macro derive produced unparsable tokens
+expand_recursion_limit_reached =
+    recursion limit reached while expanding `{$descr}`
+    .help = consider increasing the recursion limit by adding a `#![recursion_limit = "{$suggested_limit}"]` attribute to your crate (`{$crate_name}`)
 
-expand_duplicate_matcher_binding = duplicate matcher binding
-    .label = duplicate binding
-    .label2 = previous binding
+expand_remove_expr_not_supported =
+    removing an expression is not supported in this position
+
+expand_remove_node_not_supported =
+    removing {$descr} is not supported in this position
+
+expand_resolve_relative_path =
+    cannot resolve relative path in non-file source `{$path}`
+
+expand_takes_no_arguments =
+    {$name} takes no arguments
+
+expand_trace_macro = trace_macro
+
+expand_unsupported_key_value =
+    key-value macro attributes are not supported
+
+expand_var_still_repeating =
+    variable '{$ident}' is still repeating at this depth
+
+expand_wrong_fragment_kind =
+    non-{$kind} macro in {$kind} position: {$name}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/base.rs b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/base.rs
index c1cca89df8c..0d43b30474b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/base.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@ use rustc_attr::{self as attr, Deprecation, Stability};
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxIndexMap;
 use rustc_data_structures::sync::{self, Lrc};
 use rustc_errors::{
-    Applicability, DiagnosticBuilder, ErrorGuaranteed, IntoDiagnostic, MultiSpan, PResult,
+    Applicability, DiagnosticBuilder, DiagnosticMessage, ErrorGuaranteed, IntoDiagnostic,
+    MultiSpan, PResult,
 };
 use rustc_lint_defs::builtin::PROC_MACRO_BACK_COMPAT;
 use rustc_lint_defs::{BufferedEarlyLint, BuiltinLintDiagnostics, RegisteredTools};
@@ -653,13 +654,13 @@ pub enum SyntaxExtensionKind {
     /// A token-based function-like macro.
     Bang(
         /// An expander with signature TokenStream -> TokenStream.
-        Box<dyn BangProcMacro + sync::Sync + sync::Send>,
+        Box<dyn BangProcMacro + sync::DynSync + sync::DynSend>,
     ),
 
     /// An AST-based function-like macro.
     LegacyBang(
         /// An expander with signature TokenStream -> AST.
-        Box<dyn TTMacroExpander + sync::Sync + sync::Send>,
+        Box<dyn TTMacroExpander + sync::DynSync + sync::DynSend>,
     ),
 
     /// A token-based attribute macro.
@@ -667,7 +668,7 @@ pub enum SyntaxExtensionKind {
         /// An expander with signature (TokenStream, TokenStream) -> TokenStream.
         /// The first TokenSteam is the attribute itself, the second is the annotated item.
         /// The produced TokenSteam replaces the input TokenSteam.
-        Box<dyn AttrProcMacro + sync::Sync + sync::Send>,
+        Box<dyn AttrProcMacro + sync::DynSync + sync::DynSend>,
     ),
 
     /// An AST-based attribute macro.
@@ -675,7 +676,7 @@ pub enum SyntaxExtensionKind {
         /// An expander with signature (AST, AST) -> AST.
         /// The first AST fragment is the attribute itself, the second is the annotated item.
         /// The produced AST fragment replaces the input AST fragment.
-        Box<dyn MultiItemModifier + sync::Sync + sync::Send>,
+        Box<dyn MultiItemModifier + sync::DynSync + sync::DynSend>,
     ),
 
     /// A trivial attribute "macro" that does nothing,
@@ -692,14 +693,14 @@ pub enum SyntaxExtensionKind {
         /// is handled identically to `LegacyDerive`. It should be migrated to
         /// a token-based representation like `Bang` and `Attr`, instead of
         /// using `MultiItemModifier`.
-        Box<dyn MultiItemModifier + sync::Sync + sync::Send>,
+        Box<dyn MultiItemModifier + sync::DynSync + sync::DynSend>,
     ),
 
     /// An AST-based derive macro.
     LegacyDerive(
         /// An expander with signature AST -> AST.
         /// The produced AST fragment is appended to the input AST fragment.
-        Box<dyn MultiItemModifier + sync::Sync + sync::Send>,
+        Box<dyn MultiItemModifier + sync::DynSync + sync::DynSend>,
     ),
 }
 
@@ -779,7 +780,7 @@ impl SyntaxExtension {
         let allow_internal_unsafe = attr::contains_name(attrs, sym::allow_internal_unsafe);
         let local_inner_macros = attr::find_by_name(attrs, sym::macro_export)
             .and_then(|macro_export| macro_export.meta_item_list())
-            .map_or(false, |l| attr::list_contains_name(&l, sym::local_inner_macros));
+            .is_some_and(|l| attr::list_contains_name(&l, sym::local_inner_macros));
         let collapse_debuginfo = attr::contains_name(attrs, sym::collapse_debuginfo);
         tracing::debug!(?local_inner_macros, ?collapse_debuginfo, ?allow_internal_unsafe);
 
@@ -1110,7 +1111,7 @@ impl<'a> ExtCtxt<'a> {
     pub fn struct_span_err<S: Into<MultiSpan>>(
         &self,
         sp: S,
-        msg: &str,
+        msg: impl Into<DiagnosticMessage>,
     ) -> DiagnosticBuilder<'a, ErrorGuaranteed> {
         self.sess.parse_sess.span_diagnostic.struct_span_err(sp, msg)
     }
@@ -1132,14 +1133,14 @@ impl<'a> ExtCtxt<'a> {
     /// Compilation will be stopped in the near future (at the end of
     /// the macro expansion phase).
     #[rustc_lint_diagnostics]
-    pub fn span_err<S: Into<MultiSpan>>(&self, sp: S, msg: &str) {
+    pub fn span_err<S: Into<MultiSpan>>(&self, sp: S, msg: impl Into<DiagnosticMessage>) {
         self.sess.parse_sess.span_diagnostic.span_err(sp, msg);
     }
     #[rustc_lint_diagnostics]
-    pub fn span_warn<S: Into<MultiSpan>>(&self, sp: S, msg: &str) {
+    pub fn span_warn<S: Into<MultiSpan>>(&self, sp: S, msg: impl Into<DiagnosticMessage>) {
         self.sess.parse_sess.span_diagnostic.span_warn(sp, msg);
     }
-    pub fn span_bug<S: Into<MultiSpan>>(&self, sp: S, msg: &str) -> ! {
+    pub fn span_bug<S: Into<MultiSpan>>(&self, sp: S, msg: impl Into<DiagnosticMessage>) -> ! {
         self.sess.parse_sess.span_diagnostic.span_bug(sp, msg);
     }
     pub fn trace_macros_diag(&mut self) {
@@ -1153,7 +1154,7 @@ impl<'a> ExtCtxt<'a> {
         // Fixme: does this result in errors?
         self.expansions.clear();
     }
-    pub fn bug(&self, msg: &str) -> ! {
+    pub fn bug(&self, msg: &'static str) -> ! {
         self.sess.parse_sess.span_diagnostic.bug(msg);
     }
     pub fn trace_macros(&self) -> bool {
@@ -1223,7 +1224,7 @@ pub fn resolve_path(
 pub fn expr_to_spanned_string<'a>(
     cx: &'a mut ExtCtxt<'_>,
     expr: P<ast::Expr>,
-    err_msg: &str,
+    err_msg: &'static str,
 ) -> Result<(Symbol, ast::StrStyle, Span), Option<(DiagnosticBuilder<'a, ErrorGuaranteed>, bool)>> {
     // Perform eager expansion on the expression.
     // We want to be able to handle e.g., `concat!("foo", "bar")`.
@@ -1261,7 +1262,7 @@ pub fn expr_to_spanned_string<'a>(
 pub fn expr_to_string(
     cx: &mut ExtCtxt<'_>,
     expr: P<ast::Expr>,
-    err_msg: &str,
+    err_msg: &'static str,
 ) -> Option<(Symbol, ast::StrStyle)> {
     expr_to_spanned_string(cx, expr, err_msg)
         .map_err(|err| {
@@ -1448,7 +1449,7 @@ fn pretty_printing_compatibility_hack(item: &Item, sess: &ParseSess) -> bool {
                                     && version
                                         .next()
                                         .and_then(|c| c.parse::<u32>().ok())
-                                        .map_or(false, |v| v < 6)
+                                        .is_some_and(|v| v < 6)
                             };
 
                             if crate_matches {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/expand.rs b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/expand.rs
index 7c78970345a..ce0093c7d4c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/expand.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/expand.rs
@@ -722,7 +722,11 @@ impl<'a, 'b> MacroExpander<'a, 'b> {
                                     });
                                 }
                             };
-                            if fragment_kind == AstFragmentKind::Expr && items.is_empty() {
+                            if matches!(
+                                fragment_kind,
+                                AstFragmentKind::Expr | AstFragmentKind::MethodReceiverExpr
+                            ) && items.is_empty()
+                            {
                                 self.cx.emit_err(RemoveExprNotSupported { span });
                                 fragment_kind.dummy(span)
                             } else {
@@ -1595,7 +1599,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b> InvocationCollector<'a, 'b> {
                     cfg_pos = Some(pos); // a cfg attr found, no need to search anymore
                     break;
                 } else if attr_pos.is_none()
-                    && !name.map_or(false, rustc_feature::is_builtin_attr_name)
+                    && !name.is_some_and(rustc_feature::is_builtin_attr_name)
                 {
                     attr_pos = Some(pos); // a non-cfg attr found, still may find a cfg attr
                 }
@@ -1643,7 +1647,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b> InvocationCollector<'a, 'b> {
             let current_span = if let Some(sp) = span { sp.to(attr.span) } else { attr.span };
             span = Some(current_span);
 
-            if attrs.peek().map_or(false, |next_attr| next_attr.doc_str().is_some()) {
+            if attrs.peek().is_some_and(|next_attr| next_attr.doc_str().is_some()) {
                 continue;
             }
 
@@ -1664,7 +1668,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b> InvocationCollector<'a, 'b> {
                         &UNUSED_ATTRIBUTES,
                         attr.span,
                         self.cx.current_expansion.lint_node_id,
-                        &format!("unused attribute `{}`", attr_name),
+                        format!("unused attribute `{}`", attr_name),
                         BuiltinLintDiagnostics::UnusedBuiltinAttribute {
                             attr_name,
                             macro_name: pprust::path_to_string(&call.path),
@@ -1946,6 +1950,6 @@ impl<'feat> ExpansionConfig<'feat> {
     }
 
     fn proc_macro_hygiene(&self) -> bool {
-        self.features.map_or(false, |features| features.proc_macro_hygiene)
+        self.features.is_some_and(|features| features.proc_macro_hygiene)
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/mbe/diagnostics.rs b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/mbe/diagnostics.rs
index 35572292271..3593bed2d02 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/mbe/diagnostics.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/mbe/diagnostics.rs
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ pub(super) fn failed_to_match_macro<'cx>(
 
     let span = token.span.substitute_dummy(sp);
 
-    let mut err = cx.struct_span_err(span, &parse_failure_msg(&token));
+    let mut err = cx.struct_span_err(span, parse_failure_msg(&token));
     err.span_label(span, label);
     if !def_span.is_dummy() && !cx.source_map().is_imported(def_span) {
         err.span_label(cx.source_map().guess_head_span(def_span), "when calling this macro");
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ impl<'a, 'cx, 'matcher> Tracker<'matcher> for CollectTrackerAndEmitter<'a, 'cx,
             }
             Error(err_sp, msg) => {
                 let span = err_sp.substitute_dummy(self.root_span);
-                self.cx.struct_span_err(span, msg).emit();
+                self.cx.struct_span_err(span, msg.clone()).emit();
                 self.result = Some(DummyResult::any(span));
             }
             ErrorReported(_) => self.result = Some(DummyResult::any(self.root_span)),
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ pub(super) fn emit_frag_parse_err(
     {
         let msg = &e.message[0];
         e.message[0] = (
-            DiagnosticMessage::Str(format!(
+            DiagnosticMessage::from(format!(
                 "macro expansion ends with an incomplete expression: {}",
                 message.replace(", found `<eof>`", ""),
             )),
@@ -313,9 +313,9 @@ pub(super) fn annotate_doc_comment(err: &mut Diagnostic, sm: &SourceMap, span: S
 
 /// Generates an appropriate parsing failure message. For EOF, this is "unexpected end...". For
 /// other tokens, this is "unexpected token...".
-pub(super) fn parse_failure_msg(tok: &Token) -> String {
+pub(super) fn parse_failure_msg(tok: &Token) -> Cow<'static, str> {
     match tok.kind {
-        token::Eof => "unexpected end of macro invocation".to_string(),
-        _ => format!("no rules expected the token `{}`", pprust::token_to_string(tok),),
+        token::Eof => Cow::from("unexpected end of macro invocation"),
+        _ => Cow::from(format!("no rules expected the token `{}`", pprust::token_to_string(tok))),
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/mbe/macro_check.rs b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/mbe/macro_check.rs
index 75b6396f0be..34f998274e9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/mbe/macro_check.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/mbe/macro_check.rs
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ use crate::mbe::{KleeneToken, TokenTree};
 use rustc_ast::token::{Delimiter, Token, TokenKind};
 use rustc_ast::{NodeId, DUMMY_NODE_ID};
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashMap;
-use rustc_errors::MultiSpan;
+use rustc_errors::{DiagnosticMessage, MultiSpan};
 use rustc_session::lint::builtin::{META_VARIABLE_MISUSE, MISSING_FRAGMENT_SPECIFIER};
 use rustc_session::parse::ParseSess;
 use rustc_span::symbol::kw;
@@ -593,7 +593,7 @@ fn check_ops_is_prefix(
             return;
         }
     }
-    buffer_lint(sess, span.into(), node_id, &format!("unknown macro variable `{}`", name));
+    buffer_lint(sess, span.into(), node_id, format!("unknown macro variable `{}`", name));
 }
 
 /// Returns whether `binder_ops` is a prefix of `occurrence_ops`.
@@ -626,7 +626,7 @@ fn ops_is_prefix(
         if i >= occurrence_ops.len() {
             let mut span = MultiSpan::from_span(span);
             span.push_span_label(binder.span, "expected repetition");
-            let message = &format!("variable '{}' is still repeating at this depth", name);
+            let message = format!("variable '{}' is still repeating at this depth", name);
             buffer_lint(sess, span, node_id, message);
             return;
         }
@@ -642,7 +642,12 @@ fn ops_is_prefix(
     }
 }
 
-fn buffer_lint(sess: &ParseSess, span: MultiSpan, node_id: NodeId, message: &str) {
+fn buffer_lint(
+    sess: &ParseSess,
+    span: MultiSpan,
+    node_id: NodeId,
+    message: impl Into<DiagnosticMessage>,
+) {
     // Macros loaded from other crates have dummy node ids.
     if node_id != DUMMY_NODE_ID {
         sess.buffer_lint(&META_VARIABLE_MISUSE, span, node_id, message);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/mbe/transcribe.rs b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/mbe/transcribe.rs
index a07cb65170d..d523d3eacbe 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_expand/src/mbe/transcribe.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_expand/src/mbe/transcribe.rs
@@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ fn out_of_bounds_err<'a>(
              must be less than {max}"
         )
     };
-    cx.struct_span_err(span, &msg)
+    cx.struct_span_err(span, msg)
 }
 
 fn transcribe_metavar_expr<'a>(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_feature/src/accepted.rs b/compiler/rustc_feature/src/accepted.rs
index 5b2e4d15dfe..0170d52e82a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_feature/src/accepted.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_feature/src/accepted.rs
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ declare_features! (
     /// Allows `crate` in paths.
     (accepted, crate_in_paths, "1.30.0", Some(45477), None),
     /// Allows using `#[debugger_visualizer]` attribute.
-    (accepted, debugger_visualizer, "CURRENT_RUSTC_VERSION", Some(95939), None),
+    (accepted, debugger_visualizer, "1.71.0", Some(95939), None),
     /// Allows rustc to inject a default alloc_error_handler
     (accepted, default_alloc_error_handler, "1.68.0", Some(66741), None),
     /// Allows using assigning a default type to type parameters in algebraic data type definitions.
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ declare_features! (
     /// Allows use of the postfix `?` operator in expressions.
     (accepted, question_mark, "1.13.0", Some(31436), None),
     /// Allows the use of raw-dylibs (RFC 2627).
-    (accepted, raw_dylib, "CURRENT_RUSTC_VERSION", Some(58713), None),
+    (accepted, raw_dylib, "1.71.0", Some(58713), None),
     /// Allows keywords to be escaped for use as identifiers.
     (accepted, raw_identifiers, "1.30.0", Some(48589), None),
     /// Allows relaxing the coherence rules such that
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_feature/src/active.rs b/compiler/rustc_feature/src/active.rs
index f4615445f8e..4c53f9d8369 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_feature/src/active.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_feature/src/active.rs
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ declare_features! (
     /// Allows the `multiple_supertrait_upcastable` lint.
     (active, multiple_supertrait_upcastable, "1.69.0", None, None),
     /// Allow negative trait bounds. This is an internal-only feature for testing the trait solver!
-    (incomplete, negative_bounds, "CURRENT_RUSTC_VERSION", None, None),
+    (incomplete, negative_bounds, "1.71.0", None, None),
     /// Allows using `#[omit_gdb_pretty_printer_section]`.
     (active, omit_gdb_pretty_printer_section, "1.5.0", None, None),
     /// Allows using `#[prelude_import]` on glob `use` items.
@@ -314,13 +314,15 @@ declare_features! (
     /// Allows async functions to be declared, implemented, and used in traits.
     (active, async_fn_in_trait, "1.66.0", Some(91611), None),
     /// Allows builtin # foo() syntax
-    (active, builtin_syntax, "CURRENT_RUSTC_VERSION", Some(110680), None),
+    (active, builtin_syntax, "1.71.0", Some(110680), None),
     /// Allows `c"foo"` literals.
-    (active, c_str_literals, "CURRENT_RUSTC_VERSION", Some(105723), None),
+    (active, c_str_literals, "1.71.0", Some(105723), None),
     /// Treat `extern "C"` function as nounwind.
     (active, c_unwind, "1.52.0", Some(74990), None),
     /// Allows using C-variadics.
     (active, c_variadic, "1.34.0", Some(44930), None),
+    /// Allows the use of `#[cfg(overflow_checks)` to check if integer overflow behaviour.
+    (active, cfg_overflow_checks, "1.71.0", Some(111466), None),
     /// Allows the use of `#[cfg(sanitize = "option")]`; set when -Zsanitizer is used.
     (active, cfg_sanitize, "1.41.0", Some(39699), None),
     /// Allows `cfg(target_abi = "...")`.
@@ -336,7 +338,7 @@ declare_features! (
     /// Allow conditional compilation depending on rust version
     (active, cfg_version, "1.45.0", Some(64796), None),
     /// Allows to use the `#[cfi_encoding = ""]` attribute.
-    (active, cfi_encoding, "1.69.0", Some(89653), None),
+    (active, cfi_encoding, "1.71.0", Some(89653), None),
     /// Allows `for<...>` on closures and generators.
     (active, closure_lifetime_binder, "1.64.0", Some(97362), None),
     /// Allows `#[track_caller]` on closures and generators.
@@ -349,8 +351,6 @@ declare_features! (
     (active, const_async_blocks, "1.53.0", Some(85368), None),
     /// Allows `const || {}` closures in const contexts.
     (incomplete, const_closures, "1.68.0", Some(106003), None),
-    /// Allows limiting the evaluation steps of const expressions
-    (active, const_eval_limit, "1.43.0", Some(67217), None),
     /// Allows the definition of `const extern fn` and `const unsafe extern fn`.
     (active, const_extern_fn, "1.40.0", Some(64926), None),
     /// Allows basic arithmetic on floating point types in a `const fn`.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_feature/src/builtin_attrs.rs b/compiler/rustc_feature/src/builtin_attrs.rs
index fe05d4590e7..9be28c338f6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_feature/src/builtin_attrs.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_feature/src/builtin_attrs.rs
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ pub type GatedCfg = (Symbol, Symbol, GateFn);
 /// `cfg(...)`'s that are feature gated.
 const GATED_CFGS: &[GatedCfg] = &[
     // (name in cfg, feature, function to check if the feature is enabled)
+    (sym::overflow_checks, sym::cfg_overflow_checks, cfg_fn!(cfg_overflow_checks)),
     (sym::target_abi, sym::cfg_target_abi, cfg_fn!(cfg_target_abi)),
     (sym::target_thread_local, sym::cfg_target_thread_local, cfg_fn!(cfg_target_thread_local)),
     (
@@ -355,10 +356,6 @@ pub const BUILTIN_ATTRIBUTES: &[BuiltinAttribute] = &[
     ungated!(recursion_limit, CrateLevel, template!(NameValueStr: "N"), FutureWarnFollowing),
     ungated!(type_length_limit, CrateLevel, template!(NameValueStr: "N"), FutureWarnFollowing),
     gated!(
-        const_eval_limit, CrateLevel, template!(NameValueStr: "N"), ErrorFollowing,
-        const_eval_limit, experimental!(const_eval_limit)
-    ),
-    gated!(
         move_size_limit, CrateLevel, template!(NameValueStr: "N"), ErrorFollowing,
         large_assignments, experimental!(move_size_limit)
     ),
@@ -860,11 +857,11 @@ pub fn is_builtin_attr_name(name: Symbol) -> bool {
 /// Whether this builtin attribute is only used in the local crate.
 /// If so, it is not encoded in the crate metadata.
 pub fn is_builtin_only_local(name: Symbol) -> bool {
-    BUILTIN_ATTRIBUTE_MAP.get(&name).map_or(false, |attr| attr.only_local)
+    BUILTIN_ATTRIBUTE_MAP.get(&name).is_some_and(|attr| attr.only_local)
 }
 
 pub fn is_valid_for_get_attr(name: Symbol) -> bool {
-    BUILTIN_ATTRIBUTE_MAP.get(&name).map_or(false, |attr| match attr.duplicates {
+    BUILTIN_ATTRIBUTE_MAP.get(&name).is_some_and(|attr| match attr.duplicates {
         WarnFollowing | ErrorFollowing | ErrorPreceding | FutureWarnFollowing
         | FutureWarnPreceding => true,
         DuplicatesOk | WarnFollowingWordOnly => false,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_feature/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_feature/src/lib.rs
index 3ce16e15667..beb6307846d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_feature/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_feature/src/lib.rs
@@ -84,14 +84,13 @@ impl UnstableFeatures {
     pub fn from_environment(krate: Option<&str>) -> Self {
         // `true` if this is a feature-staged build, i.e., on the beta or stable channel.
         let disable_unstable_features =
-            option_env!("CFG_DISABLE_UNSTABLE_FEATURES").map(|s| s != "0").unwrap_or(false);
+            option_env!("CFG_DISABLE_UNSTABLE_FEATURES").is_some_and(|s| s != "0");
         // Returns whether `krate` should be counted as unstable
-        let is_unstable_crate = |var: &str| {
-            krate.map_or(false, |name| var.split(',').any(|new_krate| new_krate == name))
-        };
+        let is_unstable_crate =
+            |var: &str| krate.is_some_and(|name| var.split(',').any(|new_krate| new_krate == name));
         // `true` if we should enable unstable features for bootstrapping.
-        let bootstrap = std::env::var("RUSTC_BOOTSTRAP")
-            .map_or(false, |var| var == "1" || is_unstable_crate(&var));
+        let bootstrap =
+            std::env::var("RUSTC_BOOTSTRAP").is_ok_and(|var| var == "1" || is_unstable_crate(&var));
         match (disable_unstable_features, bootstrap) {
             (_, true) => UnstableFeatures::Cheat,
             (true, _) => UnstableFeatures::Disallow,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_feature/src/removed.rs b/compiler/rustc_feature/src/removed.rs
index 8bca24b2bf0..ed5d76b861a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_feature/src/removed.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_feature/src/removed.rs
@@ -59,8 +59,10 @@ declare_features! (
     /// Allows comparing raw pointers during const eval.
     (removed, const_compare_raw_pointers, "1.46.0", Some(53020), None,
      Some("cannot be allowed in const eval in any meaningful way")),
+    /// Allows limiting the evaluation steps of const expressions
+    (removed, const_eval_limit, "1.43.0", Some(67217), None, Some("removed the limit entirely")),
     /// Allows non-trivial generic constants which have to be manually propagated upwards.
-     (removed, const_evaluatable_checked, "1.48.0", Some(76560), None, Some("renamed to `generic_const_exprs`")),
+    (removed, const_evaluatable_checked, "1.48.0", Some(76560), None, Some("renamed to `generic_const_exprs`")),
     /// Allows the definition of `const` functions with some advanced features.
     (removed, const_fn, "1.54.0", Some(57563), None,
      Some("split into finer-grained feature gates")),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/errors.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/errors.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index e593ed1044a..00000000000
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/errors.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-use crate::LangItem;
-
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Encodable, Decodable)]
-pub struct LangItemError(pub LangItem);
-
-impl ToString for LangItemError {
-    fn to_string(&self) -> String {
-        format!("requires `{}` lang_item", self.0.name())
-    }
-}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir.rs
index 38cd5865cc3..e8447310917 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir.rs
@@ -787,7 +787,7 @@ pub struct WhereBoundPredicate<'hir> {
 impl<'hir> WhereBoundPredicate<'hir> {
     /// Returns `true` if `param_def_id` matches the `bounded_ty` of this predicate.
     pub fn is_param_bound(&self, param_def_id: DefId) -> bool {
-        self.bounded_ty.as_generic_param().map_or(false, |(def_id, _)| def_id == param_def_id)
+        self.bounded_ty.as_generic_param().is_some_and(|(def_id, _)| def_id == param_def_id)
     }
 }
 
@@ -2662,7 +2662,10 @@ pub enum OpaqueTyOrigin {
     /// `async fn`
     AsyncFn(LocalDefId),
     /// type aliases: `type Foo = impl Trait;`
-    TyAlias,
+    TyAlias {
+        /// associated types in impl blocks for traits.
+        in_assoc_ty: bool,
+    },
 }
 
 /// The various kinds of types recognized by the compiler.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/lang_items.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/lang_items.rs
index 1f08befb180..4b3bc816b95 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/lang_items.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/lang_items.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 //! * Functions called by the compiler itself.
 
 use crate::def_id::DefId;
-use crate::errors::LangItemError;
 use crate::{MethodKind, Target};
 
 use rustc_ast as ast;
@@ -42,13 +41,6 @@ impl LanguageItems {
         self.items[item as usize] = Some(def_id);
     }
 
-    /// Requires that a given `LangItem` was bound and returns the corresponding `DefId`.
-    /// If it wasn't bound, e.g. due to a missing `#[lang = "<it.name()>"]`,
-    /// returns an error encapsulating the `LangItem`.
-    pub fn require(&self, it: LangItem) -> Result<DefId, LangItemError> {
-        self.get(it).ok_or_else(|| LangItemError(it))
-    }
-
     pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = (LangItem, DefId)> + '_ {
         self.items
             .iter()
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/lib.rs
index 98d967cc0b8..616de57dc63 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/lib.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ pub mod def;
 pub mod def_path_hash_map;
 pub mod definitions;
 pub mod diagnostic_items;
-pub mod errors;
 pub use rustc_span::def_id;
 mod hir;
 pub mod hir_id;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/tests.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/tests.rs
index c7ac01b3334..a40a0178710 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/tests.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/tests.rs
@@ -10,13 +10,13 @@ fn def_path_hash_depends_on_crate_id() {
     // the crate-id of the defining crate. This is a desirable property
     // because the crate-id can be more easily changed than the DefPath
     // of an item, so, in the case of a crate-local DefPathHash collision,
-    // the user can simply "role the dice again" for all DefPathHashes in
+    // the user can simply "roll the dice again" for all DefPathHashes in
     // the crate by changing the crate disambiguator (e.g. via bumping the
     // crate's version number).
 
     create_session_if_not_set_then(Edition::Edition2024, |_| {
-        let id0 = StableCrateId::new(Symbol::intern("foo"), false, vec!["1".to_string()]);
-        let id1 = StableCrateId::new(Symbol::intern("foo"), false, vec!["2".to_string()]);
+        let id0 = StableCrateId::new(Symbol::intern("foo"), false, vec!["1".to_string()], "");
+        let id1 = StableCrateId::new(Symbol::intern("foo"), false, vec!["2".to_string()], "");
 
         let h0 = mk_test_hash(id0);
         let h1 = mk_test_hash(id1);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/messages.ftl
index 5e5c984a7ea..02d1dfcd113 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/messages.ftl
@@ -1,77 +1,144 @@
-hir_analysis_unrecognized_atomic_operation =
-    unrecognized atomic operation function: `{$op}`
-    .label = unrecognized atomic operation
+hir_analysis_ambiguous_lifetime_bound =
+    ambiguous lifetime bound, explicit lifetime bound required
 
-hir_analysis_wrong_number_of_generic_arguments_to_intrinsic =
-    intrinsic has wrong number of {$descr} parameters: found {$found}, expected {$expected}
-    .label = expected {$expected} {$descr} {$expected ->
-        [one] parameter
-        *[other] parameters
-    }
+hir_analysis_assoc_type_binding_not_allowed =
+    associated type bindings are not allowed here
+    .label = associated type not allowed here
 
-hir_analysis_unrecognized_intrinsic_function =
-    unrecognized intrinsic function: `{$name}`
-    .label = unrecognized intrinsic
+hir_analysis_associated_type_trait_uninferred_generic_params = cannot use the associated type of a trait with uninferred generic parameters
+    .suggestion = use a fully qualified path with inferred lifetimes
 
-hir_analysis_lifetimes_or_bounds_mismatch_on_trait =
-    lifetime parameters or bounds on {$item_kind} `{$ident}` do not match the trait declaration
-    .label = lifetimes do not match {$item_kind} in trait
-    .generics_label = lifetimes in impl do not match this {$item_kind} in trait
-    .where_label = this `where` clause might not match the one in the trait
-    .bounds_label = this bound might be missing in the impl
+hir_analysis_associated_type_trait_uninferred_generic_params_multipart_suggestion = use a fully qualified path with explicit lifetimes
 
 hir_analysis_async_trait_impl_should_be_async =
     method `{$method_name}` should be async because the method from the trait is async
     .trait_item_label = required because the trait method is async
 
+hir_analysis_auto_deref_reached_recursion_limit = reached the recursion limit while auto-dereferencing `{$ty}`
+    .label = deref recursion limit reached
+    .help = consider increasing the recursion limit by adding a `#![recursion_limit = "{$suggested_limit}"]` attribute to your crate (`{$crate_name}`)
+
+hir_analysis_cannot_capture_late_bound_const_in_anon_const =
+    cannot capture late-bound const parameter in a constant
+    .label = parameter defined here
+
+hir_analysis_cannot_capture_late_bound_ty_in_anon_const =
+    cannot capture late-bound type parameter in a constant
+    .label = parameter defined here
+
+hir_analysis_cast_thin_pointer_to_fat_pointer = cannot cast thin pointer `{$expr_ty}` to fat pointer `{$cast_ty}`
+
+hir_analysis_closure_implicit_hrtb = implicit types in closure signatures are forbidden when `for<...>` is present
+    .label = `for<...>` is here
+
+hir_analysis_const_bound_for_non_const_trait =
+    ~const can only be applied to `#[const_trait]` traits
+
+hir_analysis_const_impl_for_non_const_trait =
+    const `impl` for trait `{$trait_name}` which is not marked with `#[const_trait]`
+    .suggestion = mark `{$trait_name}` as const
+    .note = marking a trait with `#[const_trait]` ensures all default method bodies are `const`
+    .adding = adding a non-const method body in the future would be a breaking change
+
+hir_analysis_const_param_ty_impl_on_non_adt =
+    the trait `ConstParamTy` may not be implemented for this type
+    .label = type is not a structure or enumeration
+
+hir_analysis_const_specialize = cannot specialize on const impl with non-const impl
+
+hir_analysis_copy_impl_on_non_adt =
+    the trait `Copy` cannot be implemented for this type
+    .label = type is not a structure or enumeration
+
+hir_analysis_copy_impl_on_type_with_dtor =
+    the trait `Copy` cannot be implemented for this type; the type has a destructor
+    .label = `Copy` not allowed on types with destructors
+
+hir_analysis_drop_impl_negative = negative `Drop` impls are not supported
+
 hir_analysis_drop_impl_on_wrong_item =
     the `Drop` trait may only be implemented for local structs, enums, and unions
     .label = must be a struct, enum, or union in the current crate
 
+hir_analysis_drop_impl_reservation = reservation `Drop` impls are not supported
+
+hir_analysis_empty_specialization = specialization impl does not specialize any associated items
+    .note = impl is a specialization of this impl
+
+hir_analysis_enum_discriminant_overflowed = enum discriminant overflowed
+    .label = overflowed on value after {$discr}
+    .note = explicitly set `{$item_name} = {$wrapped_discr}` if that is desired outcome
+
+hir_analysis_expected_used_symbol = expected `used`, `used(compiler)` or `used(linker)`
+
 hir_analysis_field_already_declared =
     field `{$field_name}` is already declared
     .label = field already declared
     .previous_decl_label = `{$field_name}` first declared here
 
-hir_analysis_expected_used_symbol = expected `used`, `used(compiler)` or `used(linker)`
+hir_analysis_function_not_found_in_trait = function not found in this trait
 
-hir_analysis_const_param_ty_impl_on_non_adt =
-    the trait `ConstParamTy` may not be implemented for this type
-    .label = type is not a structure or enumeration
+hir_analysis_function_not_have_default_implementation = function doesn't have a default implementation
+    .note = required by this annotation
 
-hir_analysis_ambiguous_lifetime_bound =
-    ambiguous lifetime bound, explicit lifetime bound required
+hir_analysis_functions_names_duplicated = functions names are duplicated
+    .note = all `#[rustc_must_implement_one_of]` arguments must be unique
 
-hir_analysis_assoc_type_binding_not_allowed =
-    associated type bindings are not allowed here
-    .label = associated type not allowed here
+hir_analysis_impl_not_marked_default = `{$ident}` specializes an item from a parent `impl`, but that item is not marked `default`
+    .label = cannot specialize default item `{$ident}`
+    .ok_label = parent `impl` is here
+    .note = to specialize, `{$ident}` in the parent `impl` must be marked `default`
 
-hir_analysis_parenthesized_fn_trait_expansion =
-    parenthesized trait syntax expands to `{$expanded_type}`
+hir_analysis_impl_not_marked_default_err = `{$ident}` specializes an item from a parent `impl`, but that item is not marked `default`
+    .note = parent implementation is in crate `{$cname}`
 
-hir_analysis_typeof_reserved_keyword_used =
-    `typeof` is a reserved keyword but unimplemented
-    .suggestion = consider replacing `typeof(...)` with an actual type
-    .label = reserved keyword
+hir_analysis_invalid_union_field =
+    field must implement `Copy` or be wrapped in `ManuallyDrop<...>` to be used in a union
+    .note = union fields must not have drop side-effects, which is currently enforced via either `Copy` or `ManuallyDrop<...>`
 
-hir_analysis_value_of_associated_struct_already_specified =
-    the value of the associated type `{$item_name}` (from trait `{$def_path}`) is already specified
-    .label = re-bound here
-    .previous_bound_label = `{$item_name}` bound here first
+hir_analysis_invalid_union_field_sugg =
+    wrap the field type in `ManuallyDrop<...>`
 
-hir_analysis_unconstrained_opaque_type = unconstrained opaque type
-    .note = `{$name}` must be used in combination with a concrete type within the same {$what}
+hir_analysis_lifetimes_or_bounds_mismatch_on_trait =
+    lifetime parameters or bounds on {$item_kind} `{$ident}` do not match the trait declaration
+    .label = lifetimes do not match {$item_kind} in trait
+    .generics_label = lifetimes in impl do not match this {$item_kind} in trait
+    .where_label = this `where` clause might not match the one in the trait
+    .bounds_label = this bound might be missing in the impl
+
+hir_analysis_linkage_type =
+    invalid type for variable with `#[linkage]` attribute
+
+hir_analysis_main_function_async = `main` function is not allowed to be `async`
+    .label = `main` function is not allowed to be `async`
+
+hir_analysis_main_function_generic_parameters = `main` function is not allowed to have generic parameters
+    .label = `main` cannot have generic parameters
+
+hir_analysis_main_function_return_type_generic = `main` function return type is not allowed to have generic parameters
 
 hir_analysis_manual_implementation =
     manual implementations of `{$trait_name}` are experimental
     .label = manual implementations of `{$trait_name}` are experimental
     .help = add `#![feature(unboxed_closures)]` to the crate attributes to enable
 
-hir_analysis_substs_on_overridden_impl = could not resolve substs on overridden impl
+hir_analysis_missing_one_of_trait_item = not all trait items implemented, missing one of: `{$missing_items_msg}`
+    .label = missing one of `{$missing_items_msg}` in implementation
+    .note = required because of this annotation
 
-hir_analysis_trait_object_declared_with_no_traits =
-    at least one trait is required for an object type
-    .alias_span = this alias does not contain a trait
+hir_analysis_missing_tilde_const = missing `~const` qualifier for specialization
+
+hir_analysis_missing_trait_item = not all trait items implemented, missing: `{$missing_items_msg}`
+    .label = missing `{$missing_items_msg}` in implementation
+
+hir_analysis_missing_trait_item_label = `{$item}` from trait
+
+hir_analysis_missing_trait_item_suggestion = implement the missing item: `{$snippet}`
+
+hir_analysis_missing_trait_item_unstable = not all trait items implemented, missing: `{$missing_item_name}`
+    .note = default implementation of `{$missing_item_name}` is unstable
+    .some_note = use of unstable library feature '{$feature}': {$r}
+    .none_note = use of unstable library feature '{$feature}'
 
 hir_analysis_missing_type_params =
     the type {$parameterCount ->
@@ -95,98 +162,35 @@ hir_analysis_missing_type_params =
     } to {$parameters}
     .note = because of the default `Self` reference, type parameters must be specified on object types
 
-hir_analysis_copy_impl_on_type_with_dtor =
-    the trait `Copy` cannot be implemented for this type; the type has a destructor
-    .label = `Copy` not allowed on types with destructors
-
 hir_analysis_multiple_relaxed_default_bounds =
     type parameter has more than one relaxed default bound, only one is supported
 
-hir_analysis_copy_impl_on_non_adt =
-    the trait `Copy` cannot be implemented for this type
-    .label = type is not a structure or enumeration
-
-hir_analysis_const_impl_for_non_const_trait =
-    const `impl` for trait `{$trait_name}` which is not marked with `#[const_trait]`
-    .suggestion = mark `{$trait_name}` as const
-    .note = marking a trait with `#[const_trait]` ensures all default method bodies are `const`
-    .adding = adding a non-const method body in the future would be a breaking change
-
-hir_analysis_const_bound_for_non_const_trait =
-    ~const can only be applied to `#[const_trait]` traits
-
-hir_analysis_self_in_impl_self =
-    `Self` is not valid in the self type of an impl block
-    .note = replace `Self` with a different type
-
-hir_analysis_linkage_type =
-    invalid type for variable with `#[linkage]` attribute
-
-hir_analysis_auto_deref_reached_recursion_limit = reached the recursion limit while auto-dereferencing `{$ty}`
-    .label = deref recursion limit reached
-    .help = consider increasing the recursion limit by adding a `#![recursion_limit = "{$suggested_limit}"]` attribute to your crate (`{$crate_name}`)
-
-hir_analysis_where_clause_on_main = `main` function is not allowed to have a `where` clause
-    .label = `main` cannot have a `where` clause
-
-hir_analysis_track_caller_on_main = `main` function is not allowed to be `#[track_caller]`
-    .suggestion = remove this annotation
-
-hir_analysis_target_feature_on_main = `main` function is not allowed to have `#[target_feature]`
-
-hir_analysis_start_not_track_caller = `start` is not allowed to be `#[track_caller]`
-    .label = `start` is not allowed to be `#[track_caller]`
-
-hir_analysis_start_not_target_feature = `start` is not allowed to have `#[target_feature]`
-    .label = `start` is not allowed to have `#[target_feature]`
-
-hir_analysis_start_not_async = `start` is not allowed to be `async`
-    .label = `start` is not allowed to be `async`
-
-hir_analysis_start_function_where = start function is not allowed to have a `where` clause
-    .label = start function cannot have a `where` clause
-
-hir_analysis_start_function_parameters = start function is not allowed to have type parameters
-    .label = start function cannot have type parameters
-
-hir_analysis_main_function_return_type_generic = `main` function return type is not allowed to have generic parameters
+hir_analysis_must_be_name_of_associated_function = must be a name of an associated function
 
-hir_analysis_main_function_async = `main` function is not allowed to be `async`
-    .label = `main` function is not allowed to be `async`
+hir_analysis_must_implement_not_function = not a function
 
-hir_analysis_main_function_generic_parameters = `main` function is not allowed to have generic parameters
-    .label = `main` cannot have generic parameters
+hir_analysis_must_implement_not_function_note = all `#[rustc_must_implement_one_of]` arguments must be associated function names
 
-hir_analysis_variadic_function_compatible_convention = C-variadic function must have a compatible calling convention, like {$conventions}
-    .label = C-variadic function must have a compatible calling convention
+hir_analysis_must_implement_not_function_span_note = required by this annotation
 
-hir_analysis_cannot_capture_late_bound_ty_in_anon_const =
-    cannot capture late-bound type parameter in a constant
-    .label = parameter defined here
+hir_analysis_must_implement_one_of_attribute = the `#[rustc_must_implement_one_of]` attribute must be used with at least 2 args
 
-hir_analysis_cannot_capture_late_bound_const_in_anon_const =
-    cannot capture late-bound const parameter in a constant
-    .label = parameter defined here
+hir_analysis_paren_sugar_attribute = the `#[rustc_paren_sugar]` attribute is a temporary means of controlling which traits can use parenthetical notation
+    .help = add `#![feature(unboxed_closures)]` to the crate attributes to use it
 
-hir_analysis_variances_of = {$variances_of}
+hir_analysis_parenthesized_fn_trait_expansion =
+    parenthesized trait syntax expands to `{$expanded_type}`
 
 hir_analysis_pass_to_variadic_function = can't pass `{$ty}` to variadic function
     .suggestion = cast the value to `{$cast_ty}`
     .help = cast the value to `{$cast_ty}`
 
-hir_analysis_cast_thin_pointer_to_fat_pointer = cannot cast thin pointer `{$expr_ty}` to fat pointer `{$cast_ty}`
-
-hir_analysis_invalid_union_field =
-    field must implement `Copy` or be wrapped in `ManuallyDrop<...>` to be used in a union
-    .note = union fields must not have drop side-effects, which is currently enforced via either `Copy` or `ManuallyDrop<...>`
-
-hir_analysis_invalid_union_field_sugg =
-    wrap the field type in `ManuallyDrop<...>`
+hir_analysis_placeholder_not_allowed_item_signatures = the placeholder `_` is not allowed within types on item signatures for {$kind}
+    .label = not allowed in type signatures
 
-hir_analysis_return_type_notation_on_non_rpitit =
-    return type notation used on function that is not `async` and does not return `impl Trait`
-    .note = function returns `{$ty}`, which is not compatible with associated type return bounds
-    .label = this function must be `async` or return `impl Trait`
+hir_analysis_return_type_notation_conflicting_bound =
+    ambiguous associated function `{$assoc_name}` for `{$ty_name}`
+    .note = `{$assoc_name}` is declared in two supertraits: `{$first_bound}` and `{$second_bound}`
 
 hir_analysis_return_type_notation_equality_bound =
     return type notation is not allowed to use type equality
@@ -194,100 +198,96 @@ hir_analysis_return_type_notation_equality_bound =
 hir_analysis_return_type_notation_missing_method =
     cannot find associated function `{$assoc_name}` for `{$ty_name}`
 
-hir_analysis_return_type_notation_conflicting_bound =
-    ambiguous associated function `{$assoc_name}` for `{$ty_name}`
-    .note = `{$assoc_name}` is declared in two supertraits: `{$first_bound}` and `{$second_bound}`
-
-hir_analysis_placeholder_not_allowed_item_signatures = the placeholder `_` is not allowed within types on item signatures for {$kind}
-    .label = not allowed in type signatures
-
-hir_analysis_associated_type_trait_uninferred_generic_params = cannot use the associated type of a trait with uninferred generic parameters
-    .suggestion = use a fully qualified path with inferred lifetimes
-
-hir_analysis_associated_type_trait_uninferred_generic_params_multipart_suggestion = use a fully qualified path with explicit lifetimes
-
-hir_analysis_enum_discriminant_overflowed = enum discriminant overflowed
-    .label = overflowed on value after {$discr}
-    .note = explicitly set `{$item_name} = {$wrapped_discr}` if that is desired outcome
-
-hir_analysis_paren_sugar_attribute = the `#[rustc_paren_sugar]` attribute is a temporary means of controlling which traits can use parenthetical notation
-    .help = add `#![feature(unboxed_closures)]` to the crate attributes to use it
-
-hir_analysis_must_implement_one_of_attribute = the `#[rustc_must_implement_one_of]` attribute must be used with at least 2 args
-
-hir_analysis_must_be_name_of_associated_function = must be a name of an associated function
+hir_analysis_return_type_notation_on_non_rpitit =
+    return type notation used on function that is not `async` and does not return `impl Trait`
+    .note = function returns `{$ty}`, which is not compatible with associated type return bounds
+    .label = this function must be `async` or return `impl Trait`
 
-hir_analysis_function_not_have_default_implementation = function doesn't have a default implementation
-    .note = required by this annotation
+hir_analysis_self_in_impl_self =
+    `Self` is not valid in the self type of an impl block
+    .note = replace `Self` with a different type
 
-hir_analysis_must_implement_not_function = not a function
+hir_analysis_simd_ffi_highly_experimental = use of SIMD type{$snip} in FFI is highly experimental and may result in invalid code
+    .help = add `#![feature(simd_ffi)]` to the crate attributes to enable
 
-hir_analysis_must_implement_not_function_span_note = required by this annotation
+hir_analysis_specialization_trait = implementing `rustc_specialization_trait` traits is unstable
+    .help = add `#![feature(min_specialization)]` to the crate attributes to enable
 
-hir_analysis_must_implement_not_function_note = all `#[rustc_must_implement_one_of]` arguments must be associated function names
+hir_analysis_start_function_parameters = start function is not allowed to have type parameters
+    .label = start function cannot have type parameters
 
-hir_analysis_function_not_found_in_trait = function not found in this trait
+hir_analysis_start_function_where = start function is not allowed to have a `where` clause
+    .label = start function cannot have a `where` clause
 
-hir_analysis_functions_names_duplicated = functions names are duplicated
-    .note = all `#[rustc_must_implement_one_of]` arguments must be unique
+hir_analysis_start_not_async = `start` is not allowed to be `async`
+    .label = `start` is not allowed to be `async`
 
-hir_analysis_simd_ffi_highly_experimental = use of SIMD type{$snip} in FFI is highly experimental and may result in invalid code
-    .help = add `#![feature(simd_ffi)]` to the crate attributes to enable
+hir_analysis_start_not_target_feature = `start` is not allowed to have `#[target_feature]`
+    .label = `start` is not allowed to have `#[target_feature]`
 
-hir_analysis_impl_not_marked_default = `{$ident}` specializes an item from a parent `impl`, but that item is not marked `default`
-    .label = cannot specialize default item `{$ident}`
-    .ok_label = parent `impl` is here
-    .note = to specialize, `{$ident}` in the parent `impl` must be marked `default`
+hir_analysis_start_not_track_caller = `start` is not allowed to be `#[track_caller]`
+    .label = `start` is not allowed to be `#[track_caller]`
 
-hir_analysis_impl_not_marked_default_err = `{$ident}` specializes an item from a parent `impl`, but that item is not marked `default`
-    .note = parent implementation is in crate `{$cname}`
+hir_analysis_static_specialize = cannot specialize on `'static` lifetime
 
-hir_analysis_missing_trait_item = not all trait items implemented, missing: `{$missing_items_msg}`
-    .label = missing `{$missing_items_msg}` in implementation
+hir_analysis_substs_on_overridden_impl = could not resolve substs on overridden impl
 
-hir_analysis_missing_trait_item_suggestion = implement the missing item: `{$snippet}`
+hir_analysis_target_feature_on_main = `main` function is not allowed to have `#[target_feature]`
 
-hir_analysis_missing_trait_item_label = `{$item}` from trait
+hir_analysis_too_large_static = extern static is too large for the current architecture
 
-hir_analysis_missing_one_of_trait_item = not all trait items implemented, missing one of: `{$missing_items_msg}`
-    .label = missing one of `{$missing_items_msg}` in implementation
-    .note = required because of this annotation
+hir_analysis_track_caller_on_main = `main` function is not allowed to be `#[track_caller]`
+    .suggestion = remove this annotation
 
-hir_analysis_missing_trait_item_unstable = not all trait items implemented, missing: `{$missing_item_name}`
-    .note = default implementation of `{$missing_item_name}` is unstable
-    .some_note = use of unstable library feature '{$feature}': {$r}
-    .none_note = use of unstable library feature '{$feature}'
+hir_analysis_trait_object_declared_with_no_traits =
+    at least one trait is required for an object type
+    .alias_span = this alias does not contain a trait
 
 hir_analysis_transparent_enum_variant = transparent enum needs exactly one variant, but has {$number}
     .label = needs exactly one variant, but has {$number}
     .many_label = too many variants in `{$path}`
     .multi_label = variant here
 
-hir_analysis_transparent_non_zero_sized_enum = the variant of a transparent {$desc} needs at most one non-zero-sized field, but has {$field_count}
+hir_analysis_transparent_non_zero_sized = transparent {$desc} needs at most one non-zero-sized field, but has {$field_count}
     .label = needs at most one non-zero-sized field, but has {$field_count}
     .labels = this field is non-zero-sized
 
-hir_analysis_transparent_non_zero_sized = transparent {$desc} needs at most one non-zero-sized field, but has {$field_count}
+hir_analysis_transparent_non_zero_sized_enum = the variant of a transparent {$desc} needs at most one non-zero-sized field, but has {$field_count}
     .label = needs at most one non-zero-sized field, but has {$field_count}
     .labels = this field is non-zero-sized
 
-hir_analysis_too_large_static = extern static is too large for the current architecture
+hir_analysis_typeof_reserved_keyword_used =
+    `typeof` is a reserved keyword but unimplemented
+    .suggestion = consider replacing `typeof(...)` with an actual type
+    .label = reserved keyword
 
-hir_analysis_specialization_trait = implementing `rustc_specialization_trait` traits is unstable
-    .help = add `#![feature(min_specialization)]` to the crate attributes to enable
+hir_analysis_unconstrained_opaque_type = unconstrained opaque type
+    .note = `{$name}` must be used in combination with a concrete type within the same {$what}
 
-hir_analysis_closure_implicit_hrtb = implicit types in closure signatures are forbidden when `for<...>` is present
-    .label = `for<...>` is here
+hir_analysis_unrecognized_atomic_operation =
+    unrecognized atomic operation function: `{$op}`
+    .label = unrecognized atomic operation
 
-hir_analysis_empty_specialization = specialization impl does not specialize any associated items
-    .note = impl is a specialization of this impl
+hir_analysis_unrecognized_intrinsic_function =
+    unrecognized intrinsic function: `{$name}`
+    .label = unrecognized intrinsic
 
-hir_analysis_const_specialize = cannot specialize on const impl with non-const impl
+hir_analysis_value_of_associated_struct_already_specified =
+    the value of the associated type `{$item_name}` (from trait `{$def_path}`) is already specified
+    .label = re-bound here
+    .previous_bound_label = `{$item_name}` bound here first
 
-hir_analysis_static_specialize = cannot specialize on `'static` lifetime
+hir_analysis_variadic_function_compatible_convention = C-variadic function must have a compatible calling convention, like {$conventions}
+    .label = C-variadic function must have a compatible calling convention
 
-hir_analysis_missing_tilde_const = missing `~const` qualifier for specialization
+hir_analysis_variances_of = {$variances_of}
 
-hir_analysis_drop_impl_negative = negative `Drop` impls are not supported
+hir_analysis_where_clause_on_main = `main` function is not allowed to have a `where` clause
+    .label = `main` cannot have a `where` clause
 
-hir_analysis_drop_impl_reservation = reservation `Drop` impls are not supported
+hir_analysis_wrong_number_of_generic_arguments_to_intrinsic =
+    intrinsic has wrong number of {$descr} parameters: found {$found}, expected {$expected}
+    .label = expected {$expected} {$descr} {$expected ->
+        [one] parameter
+        *[other] parameters
+    }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/astconv/generics.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/astconv/generics.rs
index ed011b9086a..39d1d1f2de5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/astconv/generics.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/astconv/generics.rs
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ fn generic_arg_mismatch_err(
     arg: &GenericArg<'_>,
     param: &GenericParamDef,
     possible_ordering_error: bool,
-    help: Option<&str>,
+    help: Option<String>,
 ) -> ErrorGuaranteed {
     let sess = tcx.sess;
     let mut err = struct_span_err!(
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ pub fn create_substs_for_generic_args<'tcx, 'a>(
                                     arg,
                                     param,
                                     !args_iter.clone().is_sorted_by_key(|arg| arg.to_ord()),
-                                    Some(&format!(
+                                    Some(format!(
                                         "reorder the arguments: {}: `<{}>`",
                                         param_types_present
                                             .into_iter()
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/astconv/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/astconv/mod.rs
index 6ac1df6a079..3d78ea9aa9b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/astconv/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/astconv/mod.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use rustc_ast::TraitObjectSyntax;
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
 use rustc_errors::{
     struct_span_err, Applicability, Diagnostic, DiagnosticBuilder, ErrorGuaranteed, FatalError,
-    MultiSpan,
+    MultiSpan, StashKey,
 };
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def::{CtorOf, DefKind, Namespace, Res};
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@ use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Const, IsSuggestable, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeVisitableExt}
 use rustc_middle::ty::{DynKind, ToPredicate};
 use rustc_session::lint::builtin::{AMBIGUOUS_ASSOCIATED_ITEMS, BARE_TRAIT_OBJECTS};
 use rustc_span::edit_distance::find_best_match_for_name;
-use rustc_span::edition::Edition;
 use rustc_span::symbol::{kw, Ident, Symbol};
 use rustc_span::{sym, Span, DUMMY_SP};
 use rustc_target::spec::abi;
@@ -240,7 +239,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
                     var: ty::BoundVar::from_u32(index),
                     kind: ty::BrNamed(def_id, name),
                 };
-                tcx.mk_re_late_bound(debruijn, br)
+                ty::Region::new_late_bound(tcx, debruijn, br)
             }
 
             Some(rbv::ResolvedArg::EarlyBound(def_id)) => {
@@ -248,12 +247,12 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
                 let item_def_id = tcx.hir().ty_param_owner(def_id.expect_local());
                 let generics = tcx.generics_of(item_def_id);
                 let index = generics.param_def_id_to_index[&def_id];
-                tcx.mk_re_early_bound(ty::EarlyBoundRegion { def_id, index, name })
+                ty::Region::new_early_bound(tcx, ty::EarlyBoundRegion { def_id, index, name })
             }
 
             Some(rbv::ResolvedArg::Free(scope, id)) => {
                 let name = lifetime_name(id.expect_local());
-                tcx.mk_re_free(scope, ty::BrNamed(id, name))
+                ty::Region::new_free(tcx, scope, ty::BrNamed(id, name))
 
                 // (*) -- not late-bound, won't change
             }
@@ -270,7 +269,8 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
                     // elision. `resolve_lifetime` should have
                     // reported an error in this case -- but if
                     // not, let's error out.
-                    tcx.mk_re_error_with_message(
+                    ty::Region::new_error_with_message(
+                        tcx,
                         lifetime.ident.span,
                         "unelided lifetime in signature",
                     )
@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
                             self.astconv.ct_infer(ty, Some(param), inf.span).into()
                         } else {
                             self.inferred_params.push(inf.span);
-                            tcx.const_error(ty).into()
+                            tcx.const_error_misc(ty).into()
                         }
                     }
                     _ => unreachable!(),
@@ -486,7 +486,8 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
                             debug!(?param, "unelided lifetime in signature");
 
                             // This indicates an illegal lifetime in a non-assoc-trait position
-                            tcx.mk_re_error_with_message(
+                            ty::Region::new_error_with_message(
+                                tcx,
                                 self.span,
                                 "unelided lifetime in signature",
                             )
@@ -518,7 +519,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
                             .no_bound_vars()
                             .expect("const parameter types cannot be generic");
                         if let Err(guar) = ty.error_reported() {
-                            return tcx.const_error_with_guaranteed(ty, guar).into();
+                            return tcx.const_error(ty, guar).into();
                         }
                         if !infer_args && has_default {
                             tcx.const_param_default(param.def_id).subst(tcx, substs.unwrap()).into()
@@ -527,7 +528,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
                                 self.astconv.ct_infer(ty, Some(param), self.span).into()
                             } else {
                                 // We've already errored above about the mismatch.
-                                tcx.const_error(ty).into()
+                                tcx.const_error_misc(ty).into()
                             }
                         }
                     }
@@ -1160,7 +1161,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
             // those that do.
             self.one_bound_for_assoc_type(
                 || traits::supertraits(tcx, trait_ref),
-                trait_ref.print_only_trait_path(),
+                trait_ref.skip_binder().print_only_trait_name(),
                 binding.item_name,
                 path_span,
                 match binding.kind {
@@ -1220,15 +1221,15 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
             let substs =
                 candidate.skip_binder().substs.extend_to(tcx, assoc_item.def_id, |param, _| {
                     let subst = match param.kind {
-                        GenericParamDefKind::Lifetime => tcx
-                            .mk_re_late_bound(
-                                ty::INNERMOST,
-                                ty::BoundRegion {
-                                    var: ty::BoundVar::from_usize(num_bound_vars),
-                                    kind: ty::BoundRegionKind::BrNamed(param.def_id, param.name),
-                                },
-                            )
-                            .into(),
+                        GenericParamDefKind::Lifetime => ty::Region::new_late_bound(
+                            tcx,
+                            ty::INNERMOST,
+                            ty::BoundRegion {
+                                var: ty::BoundVar::from_usize(num_bound_vars),
+                                kind: ty::BoundRegionKind::BrNamed(param.def_id, param.name),
+                            },
+                        )
+                        .into(),
                         GenericParamDefKind::Type { .. } => tcx
                             .mk_bound(
                                 ty::INNERMOST,
@@ -1279,7 +1280,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
             // params (and trait ref's late bound params). This logic is very similar to
             // `Predicate::subst_supertrait`, and it's no coincidence why.
             let shifted_output = tcx.shift_bound_var_indices(num_bound_vars, output);
-            let subst_output = ty::EarlyBinder(shifted_output).subst(tcx, substs);
+            let subst_output = ty::EarlyBinder::bind(shifted_output).subst(tcx, substs);
 
             let bound_vars = tcx.late_bound_vars(binding.hir_id);
             ty::Binder::bind_with_vars(subst_output, bound_vars)
@@ -1387,7 +1388,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
                         term = match def_kind {
                             hir::def::DefKind::AssocTy => tcx.ty_error(reported).into(),
                             hir::def::DefKind::AssocConst => tcx
-                                .const_error_with_guaranteed(
+                                .const_error(
                                     tcx.type_of(assoc_item_def_id)
                                         .subst(tcx, projection_ty.skip_binder().substs),
                                     reported,
@@ -1805,7 +1806,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
                         } else {
                             err.emit()
                         };
-                        tcx.mk_re_error(e)
+                        ty::Region::new_error(tcx, e)
                     })
                 }
             })
@@ -2626,7 +2627,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
                     && tcx.all_impls(*trait_def_id)
                         .any(|impl_def_id| {
                             let trait_ref = tcx.impl_trait_ref(impl_def_id);
-                            trait_ref.map_or(false, |trait_ref| {
+                            trait_ref.is_some_and(|trait_ref| {
                                 let impl_ = trait_ref.subst(
                                     tcx,
                                     infcx.fresh_substs_for_item(DUMMY_SP, impl_def_id),
@@ -3655,7 +3656,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
             ..
         }) = tcx.hir().get_by_def_id(parent_id) && self_ty.hir_id == impl_self_ty.hir_id
         {
-            if !of_trait_ref.trait_def_id().map_or(false, |def_id| def_id.is_local()) {
+            if !of_trait_ref.trait_def_id().is_some_and(|def_id| def_id.is_local()) {
                 return;
             }
             let of_trait_span = of_trait_ref.path.span;
@@ -3694,7 +3695,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
                     .source_map()
                     .span_to_prev_source(self_ty.span)
                     .ok()
-                    .map_or(false, |s| s.trim_end().ends_with('<'));
+                    .is_some_and(|s| s.trim_end().ends_with('<'));
 
             let is_global = poly_trait_ref.trait_ref.path.is_global();
 
@@ -3718,7 +3719,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
                 ));
             }
 
-            if self_ty.span.edition() >= Edition::Edition2021 {
+            if self_ty.span.edition().rust_2021() {
                 let msg = "trait objects must include the `dyn` keyword";
                 let label = "add `dyn` keyword before this trait";
                 let mut diag =
@@ -3732,7 +3733,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
                 }
                 // check if the impl trait that we are considering is a impl of a local trait
                 self.maybe_lint_blanket_trait_impl(&self_ty, &mut diag);
-                diag.emit();
+                diag.stash(self_ty.span, StashKey::TraitMissingMethod);
             } else {
                 let msg = "trait objects without an explicit `dyn` are deprecated";
                 tcx.struct_span_lint_hir(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/autoderef.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/autoderef.rs
index 1cf93c86f4f..d6d1498d708 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/autoderef.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/autoderef.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 use crate::errors::AutoDerefReachedRecursionLimit;
 use crate::traits::query::evaluate_obligation::InferCtxtExt;
-use crate::traits::NormalizeExt;
 use crate::traits::{self, TraitEngine, TraitEngineExt};
 use rustc_infer::infer::InferCtxt;
 use rustc_middle::ty::TypeVisitableExt;
@@ -9,6 +8,7 @@ use rustc_session::Limit;
 use rustc_span::def_id::LocalDefId;
 use rustc_span::def_id::LOCAL_CRATE;
 use rustc_span::Span;
+use rustc_trait_selection::traits::StructurallyNormalizeExt;
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
 pub enum AutoderefKind {
@@ -66,14 +66,27 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Iterator for Autoderef<'a, 'tcx> {
         }
 
         // Otherwise, deref if type is derefable:
-        let (kind, new_ty) =
-            if let Some(mt) = self.state.cur_ty.builtin_deref(self.include_raw_pointers) {
-                (AutoderefKind::Builtin, mt.ty)
-            } else if let Some(ty) = self.overloaded_deref_ty(self.state.cur_ty) {
-                (AutoderefKind::Overloaded, ty)
+        let (kind, new_ty) = if let Some(ty::TypeAndMut { ty, .. }) =
+            self.state.cur_ty.builtin_deref(self.include_raw_pointers)
+        {
+            debug_assert_eq!(ty, self.infcx.resolve_vars_if_possible(ty));
+            // NOTE: we may still need to normalize the built-in deref in case
+            // we have some type like `&<Ty as Trait>::Assoc`, since users of
+            // autoderef expect this type to have been structurally normalized.
+            if self.infcx.tcx.trait_solver_next()
+                && let ty::Alias(ty::Projection, _) = ty.kind()
+            {
+                let (normalized_ty, obligations) = self.structurally_normalize(ty)?;
+                self.state.obligations.extend(obligations);
+                (AutoderefKind::Builtin, normalized_ty)
             } else {
-                return None;
-            };
+                (AutoderefKind::Builtin, ty)
+            }
+        } else if let Some(ty) = self.overloaded_deref_ty(self.state.cur_ty) {
+            (AutoderefKind::Overloaded, ty)
+        } else {
+            return None;
+        };
 
         if new_ty.references_error() {
             return None;
@@ -119,14 +132,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Autoderef<'a, 'tcx> {
 
     fn overloaded_deref_ty(&mut self, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> Option<Ty<'tcx>> {
         debug!("overloaded_deref_ty({:?})", ty);
-
         let tcx = self.infcx.tcx;
 
         // <ty as Deref>
         let trait_ref = ty::TraitRef::new(tcx, tcx.lang_items().deref_trait()?, [ty]);
-
         let cause = traits::ObligationCause::misc(self.span, self.body_id);
-
         let obligation = traits::Obligation::new(
             tcx,
             cause.clone(),
@@ -138,26 +148,48 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Autoderef<'a, 'tcx> {
             return None;
         }
 
-        let normalized_ty = self
+        let (normalized_ty, obligations) =
+            self.structurally_normalize(tcx.mk_projection(tcx.lang_items().deref_target()?, [ty]))?;
+        debug!("overloaded_deref_ty({:?}) = ({:?}, {:?})", ty, normalized_ty, obligations);
+        self.state.obligations.extend(obligations);
+
+        Some(self.infcx.resolve_vars_if_possible(normalized_ty))
+    }
+
+    #[instrument(level = "debug", skip(self), ret)]
+    pub fn structurally_normalize(
+        &self,
+        ty: Ty<'tcx>,
+    ) -> Option<(Ty<'tcx>, Vec<traits::PredicateObligation<'tcx>>)> {
+        let tcx = self.infcx.tcx;
+        let mut fulfill_cx = <dyn TraitEngine<'tcx>>::new_in_snapshot(tcx);
+
+        let cause = traits::ObligationCause::misc(self.span, self.body_id);
+        let normalized_ty = match self
             .infcx
             .at(&cause, self.param_env)
-            .normalize(tcx.mk_projection(tcx.lang_items().deref_target()?, trait_ref.substs));
-        let mut fulfillcx = <dyn TraitEngine<'tcx>>::new_in_snapshot(tcx);
-        let normalized_ty =
-            normalized_ty.into_value_registering_obligations(self.infcx, &mut *fulfillcx);
-        let errors = fulfillcx.select_where_possible(&self.infcx);
+            .structurally_normalize(ty, &mut *fulfill_cx)
+        {
+            Ok(normalized_ty) => normalized_ty,
+            Err(errors) => {
+                // This shouldn't happen, except for evaluate/fulfill mismatches,
+                // but that's not a reason for an ICE (`predicate_may_hold` is conservative
+                // by design).
+                debug!(?errors, "encountered errors while fulfilling");
+                return None;
+            }
+        };
+
+        let errors = fulfill_cx.select_where_possible(&self.infcx);
         if !errors.is_empty() {
             // This shouldn't happen, except for evaluate/fulfill mismatches,
             // but that's not a reason for an ICE (`predicate_may_hold` is conservative
             // by design).
-            debug!("overloaded_deref_ty: encountered errors {:?} while fulfilling", errors);
+            debug!(?errors, "encountered errors while fulfilling");
             return None;
         }
-        let obligations = fulfillcx.pending_obligations();
-        debug!("overloaded_deref_ty({:?}) = ({:?}, {:?})", ty, normalized_ty, obligations);
-        self.state.obligations.extend(obligations);
 
-        Some(self.infcx.resolve_vars_if_possible(normalized_ty))
+        Some((normalized_ty, fulfill_cx.pending_obligations()))
     }
 
     /// Returns the final type we ended up with, which may be an inference
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/check.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/check.rs
index c4d4e0d6d78..3b2c052e8f4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/check.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/check.rs
@@ -13,11 +13,12 @@ use rustc_hir::intravisit::Visitor;
 use rustc_hir::{ItemKind, Node, PathSegment};
 use rustc_infer::infer::opaque_types::ConstrainOpaqueTypeRegionVisitor;
 use rustc_infer::infer::outlives::env::OutlivesEnvironment;
-use rustc_infer::infer::{DefiningAnchor, RegionVariableOrigin, TyCtxtInferExt};
+use rustc_infer::infer::{RegionVariableOrigin, TyCtxtInferExt};
 use rustc_infer::traits::{Obligation, TraitEngineExt as _};
 use rustc_lint_defs::builtin::REPR_TRANSPARENT_EXTERNAL_PRIVATE_FIELDS;
 use rustc_middle::hir::nested_filter;
 use rustc_middle::middle::stability::EvalResult;
+use rustc_middle::traits::DefiningAnchor;
 use rustc_middle::ty::layout::{LayoutError, MAX_SIMD_LANES};
 use rustc_middle::ty::subst::GenericArgKind;
 use rustc_middle::ty::util::{Discr, IntTypeExt};
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ use rustc_target::abi::FieldIdx;
 use rustc_target::spec::abi::Abi;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::error_reporting::on_unimplemented::OnUnimplementedDirective;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::error_reporting::TypeErrCtxtExt as _;
+use rustc_trait_selection::traits::outlives_bounds::InferCtxtExt as _;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::{self, ObligationCtxt, TraitEngine, TraitEngineExt as _};
 
 use std::ops::ControlFlow;
@@ -222,7 +224,7 @@ fn check_opaque(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, id: hir::ItemId) {
     if check_opaque_for_cycles(tcx, item.owner_id.def_id, substs, span, &origin).is_err() {
         return;
     }
-    check_opaque_meets_bounds(tcx, item.owner_id.def_id, substs, span, &origin);
+    check_opaque_meets_bounds(tcx, item.owner_id.def_id, span, &origin);
 }
 
 /// Checks that an opaque type does not use `Self` or `T::Foo` projections that would result
@@ -391,13 +393,12 @@ pub(super) fn check_opaque_for_cycles<'tcx>(
 fn check_opaque_meets_bounds<'tcx>(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
     def_id: LocalDefId,
-    substs: SubstsRef<'tcx>,
     span: Span,
     origin: &hir::OpaqueTyOrigin,
 ) {
     let defining_use_anchor = match *origin {
         hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::FnReturn(did) | hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::AsyncFn(did) => did,
-        hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias => def_id,
+        hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias { .. } => tcx.impl_trait_parent(def_id),
     };
     let param_env = tcx.param_env(defining_use_anchor);
 
@@ -406,6 +407,8 @@ fn check_opaque_meets_bounds<'tcx>(
         .with_opaque_type_inference(DefiningAnchor::Bind(defining_use_anchor))
         .build();
     let ocx = ObligationCtxt::new(&infcx);
+
+    let substs = InternalSubsts::identity_for_item(tcx, def_id.to_def_id());
     let opaque_ty = tcx.mk_opaque(def_id.to_def_id(), substs);
 
     // `ReErased` regions appear in the "parent_substs" of closures/generators.
@@ -448,9 +451,18 @@ fn check_opaque_meets_bounds<'tcx>(
     match origin {
         // Checked when type checking the function containing them.
         hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::FnReturn(..) | hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::AsyncFn(..) => {}
+        // Nested opaque types occur only in associated types:
+        // ` type Opaque<T> = impl Trait<&'static T, AssocTy = impl Nested>; `
+        // They can only be referenced as `<Opaque<T> as Trait<&'static T>>::AssocTy`.
+        // We don't have to check them here because their well-formedness follows from the WF of
+        // the projection input types in the defining- and use-sites.
+        hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias { .. }
+            if tcx.def_kind(tcx.parent(def_id.to_def_id())) == DefKind::OpaqueTy => {}
         // Can have different predicates to their defining use
-        hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias => {
-            let outlives_env = OutlivesEnvironment::new(param_env);
+        hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias { .. } => {
+            let wf_tys = ocx.assumed_wf_types(param_env, span, def_id);
+            let implied_bounds = infcx.implied_bounds_tys(param_env, def_id, wf_tys);
+            let outlives_env = OutlivesEnvironment::with_bounds(param_env, implied_bounds);
             let _ = ocx.resolve_regions_and_report_errors(defining_use_anchor, &outlives_env);
         }
     }
@@ -789,16 +801,15 @@ fn check_impl_items_against_trait<'tcx>(
 
             let is_implemented = leaf_def
                 .as_ref()
-                .map_or(false, |node_item| node_item.item.defaultness(tcx).has_value());
+                .is_some_and(|node_item| node_item.item.defaultness(tcx).has_value());
 
             if !is_implemented && tcx.impl_defaultness(impl_id).is_final() {
                 missing_items.push(tcx.associated_item(trait_item_id));
             }
 
             // true if this item is specifically implemented in this impl
-            let is_implemented_here = leaf_def
-                .as_ref()
-                .map_or(false, |node_item| !node_item.defining_node.is_from_trait());
+            let is_implemented_here =
+                leaf_def.as_ref().is_some_and(|node_item| !node_item.defining_node.is_from_trait());
 
             if !is_implemented_here {
                 let full_impl_span =
@@ -1071,8 +1082,8 @@ pub(super) fn check_transparent<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, adt: ty::AdtDef<'tcx>)
         let layout = tcx.layout_of(param_env.and(ty));
         // We are currently checking the type this field came from, so it must be local
         let span = tcx.hir().span_if_local(field.did).unwrap();
-        let zst = layout.map_or(false, |layout| layout.is_zst());
-        let align1 = layout.map_or(false, |layout| layout.align.abi.bytes() == 1);
+        let zst = layout.is_ok_and(|layout| layout.is_zst());
+        let align1 = layout.is_ok_and(|layout| layout.align.abi.bytes() == 1);
         if !zst {
             return (span, zst, align1, None);
         }
@@ -1503,8 +1514,8 @@ fn opaque_type_cycle_error(
                     }
                     if tcx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.drop_tracking_mir
                         && let DefKind::Generator = tcx.def_kind(closure_def_id)
+                        && let Some(generator_layout) = tcx.mir_generator_witnesses(closure_def_id)
                     {
-                        let generator_layout = tcx.mir_generator_witnesses(closure_def_id);
                         for interior_ty in &generator_layout.field_tys {
                             label_match(interior_ty.ty, interior_ty.source_info.span);
                         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/compare_impl_item.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/compare_impl_item.rs
index 8bf1e0e84a4..31b89525f15 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/compare_impl_item.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/compare_impl_item.rs
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ use rustc_trait_selection::traits::outlives_bounds::InferCtxtExt as _;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::{
     self, ObligationCause, ObligationCauseCode, ObligationCtxt, Reveal,
 };
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::iter;
 
 /// Checks that a method from an impl conforms to the signature of
@@ -471,7 +472,8 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeFolder<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for RemapLateBound<'_, 'tcx> {
 
     fn fold_region(&mut self, r: ty::Region<'tcx>) -> ty::Region<'tcx> {
         if let ty::ReFree(fr) = *r {
-            self.tcx.mk_re_free(
+            ty::Region::new_free(
+                self.tcx,
                 fr.scope,
                 self.mapping.get(&fr.bound_region).copied().unwrap_or(fr.bound_region),
             )
@@ -684,7 +686,7 @@ pub(super) fn collect_return_position_impl_trait_in_trait_tys<'tcx>(
                 &cause,
                 hir.get_if_local(impl_m.def_id)
                     .and_then(|node| node.fn_decl())
-                    .map(|decl| (decl.output.span(), "return type in trait".to_owned())),
+                    .map(|decl| (decl.output.span(), Cow::from("return type in trait"))),
                 Some(infer::ValuePairs::Terms(ExpectedFound {
                     expected: trait_return_ty.into(),
                     found: impl_return_ty.into(),
@@ -785,23 +787,23 @@ pub(super) fn collect_return_position_impl_trait_in_trait_tys<'tcx>(
                     }
                     let Some(ty::ReEarlyBound(e)) = map.get(&region.into()).map(|r| r.expect_region().kind())
                     else {
-                        return tcx.mk_re_error_with_message(return_span, "expected ReFree to map to ReEarlyBound")
+                        return ty::Region::new_error_with_message(tcx, return_span, "expected ReFree to map to ReEarlyBound")
                     };
-                    tcx.mk_re_early_bound(ty::EarlyBoundRegion {
+                    ty::Region::new_early_bound(tcx, ty::EarlyBoundRegion {
                         def_id: e.def_id,
                         name: e.name,
                         index: (e.index as usize - num_trait_substs + num_impl_substs) as u32,
                     })
                 });
                 debug!(%ty);
-                collected_tys.insert(def_id, ty::EarlyBinder(ty));
+                collected_tys.insert(def_id, ty::EarlyBinder::bind(ty));
             }
             Err(err) => {
                 let reported = tcx.sess.delay_span_bug(
                     return_span,
                     format!("could not fully resolve: {ty} => {err:?}"),
                 );
-                collected_tys.insert(def_id, ty::EarlyBinder(tcx.ty_error(reported)));
+                collected_tys.insert(def_id, ty::EarlyBinder::bind(tcx.ty_error(reported)));
             }
         }
     }
@@ -901,7 +903,7 @@ fn report_trait_method_mismatch<'tcx>(
             if trait_m.fn_has_self_parameter =>
         {
             let ty = trait_sig.inputs()[0];
-            let sugg = match ExplicitSelf::determine(ty, |_| ty == impl_trait_ref.self_ty()) {
+            let sugg = match ExplicitSelf::determine(ty, |ty| ty == impl_trait_ref.self_ty()) {
                 ExplicitSelf::ByValue => "self".to_owned(),
                 ExplicitSelf::ByReference(_, hir::Mutability::Not) => "&self".to_owned(),
                 ExplicitSelf::ByReference(_, hir::Mutability::Mut) => "&mut self".to_owned(),
@@ -963,7 +965,7 @@ fn report_trait_method_mismatch<'tcx>(
     infcx.err_ctxt().note_type_err(
         &mut diag,
         &cause,
-        trait_err_span.map(|sp| (sp, "type in trait".to_owned())),
+        trait_err_span.map(|sp| (sp, Cow::from("type in trait"))),
         Some(infer::ValuePairs::Sigs(ExpectedFound { expected: trait_sig, found: impl_sig })),
         terr,
         false,
@@ -1731,7 +1733,7 @@ pub(super) fn compare_impl_const_raw(
         infcx.err_ctxt().note_type_err(
             &mut diag,
             &cause,
-            trait_c_span.map(|span| (span, "type in trait".to_owned())),
+            trait_c_span.map(|span| (span, Cow::from("type in trait"))),
             Some(infer::ValuePairs::Terms(ExpectedFound {
                 expected: trait_ty.into(),
                 found: impl_ty.into(),
@@ -1932,7 +1934,8 @@ pub(super) fn check_type_bounds<'tcx>(
                 let kind = ty::BoundRegionKind::BrNamed(param.def_id, param.name);
                 let bound_var = ty::BoundVariableKind::Region(kind);
                 bound_vars.push(bound_var);
-                tcx.mk_re_late_bound(
+                ty::Region::new_late_bound(
+                    tcx,
                     ty::INNERMOST,
                     ty::BoundRegion { var: ty::BoundVar::from_usize(bound_vars.len() - 1), kind },
                 )
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/dropck.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/dropck.rs
index 5ba1ca1c807..13d1abe2a65 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/dropck.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/dropck.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use rustc_errors::{struct_span_err, ErrorGuaranteed};
 use rustc_infer::infer::outlives::env::OutlivesEnvironment;
 use rustc_infer::infer::{RegionResolutionError, TyCtxtInferExt};
 use rustc_middle::ty::subst::SubstsRef;
-use rustc_middle::ty::util::IgnoreRegions;
+use rustc_middle::ty::util::CheckRegions;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::{self, ObligationCtxt};
 
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ fn ensure_drop_params_and_item_params_correspond<'tcx>(
     self_type_did: DefId,
     adt_to_impl_substs: SubstsRef<'tcx>,
 ) -> Result<(), ErrorGuaranteed> {
-    let Err(arg) = tcx.uses_unique_generic_params(adt_to_impl_substs, IgnoreRegions::No) else {
+    let Err(arg) = tcx.uses_unique_generic_params(adt_to_impl_substs, CheckRegions::OnlyEarlyBound) else {
         return Ok(())
     };
 
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ fn ensure_drop_predicates_are_implied_by_item_defn<'tcx>(
     // We don't need to normalize this param-env or anything, since we're only
     // substituting it with free params, so no additional param-env normalization
     // can occur on top of what has been done in the param_env query itself.
-    let param_env = ty::EarlyBinder(tcx.param_env(adt_def_id))
+    let param_env = ty::EarlyBinder::bind(tcx.param_env(adt_def_id))
         .subst(tcx, adt_to_impl_substs)
         .with_constness(tcx.constness(drop_impl_def_id));
 
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ fn ensure_drop_predicates_are_implied_by_item_defn<'tcx>(
                 }
                 RegionResolutionError::SubSupConflict(_, _, _, a, _, b, _) => format!("{b}: {a}"),
                 RegionResolutionError::UpperBoundUniverseConflict(a, _, _, _, b) => {
-                    format!("{b}: {a}", a = tcx.mk_re_var(a))
+                    format!("{b}: {a}", a = ty::Region::new_var(tcx, a))
                 }
             };
             guar = Some(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/intrinsic.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/intrinsic.rs
index e8785235c83..1f18017f00b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/intrinsic.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/intrinsic.rs
@@ -121,10 +121,11 @@ pub fn intrinsic_operation_unsafety(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, intrinsic_id: DefId) -> hir
     if has_safe_attr != is_in_list {
         tcx.sess.struct_span_err(
             tcx.def_span(intrinsic_id),
-            DiagnosticMessage::Str(format!(
-                    "intrinsic safety mismatch between list of intrinsics within the compiler and core library intrinsics for intrinsic `{}`",
-                    tcx.item_name(intrinsic_id)
-        ))).emit();
+            DiagnosticMessage::from(format!(
+                "intrinsic safety mismatch between list of intrinsics within the compiler and core library intrinsics for intrinsic `{}`",
+                tcx.item_name(intrinsic_id)
+            )
+        )).emit();
     }
 
     is_in_list
@@ -144,11 +145,13 @@ pub fn check_intrinsic_type(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, it: &hir::ForeignItem<'_>) {
     ]);
     let mk_va_list_ty = |mutbl| {
         tcx.lang_items().va_list().map(|did| {
-            let region = tcx.mk_re_late_bound(
+            let region = ty::Region::new_late_bound(
+                tcx,
                 ty::INNERMOST,
                 ty::BoundRegion { var: ty::BoundVar::from_u32(0), kind: ty::BrAnon(None) },
             );
-            let env_region = tcx.mk_re_late_bound(
+            let env_region = ty::Region::new_late_bound(
+                tcx,
                 ty::INNERMOST,
                 ty::BoundRegion { var: ty::BoundVar::from_u32(1), kind: ty::BrEnv },
             );
@@ -392,7 +395,12 @@ pub fn check_intrinsic_type(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, it: &hir::ForeignItem<'_>) {
                 let br = ty::BoundRegion { var: ty::BoundVar::from_u32(0), kind: ty::BrAnon(None) };
                 (
                     1,
-                    vec![tcx.mk_imm_ref(tcx.mk_re_late_bound(ty::INNERMOST, br), param(0))],
+                    vec![
+                        tcx.mk_imm_ref(
+                            ty::Region::new_late_bound(tcx, ty::INNERMOST, br),
+                            param(0),
+                        ),
+                    ],
                     tcx.mk_projection(discriminant_def_id, tcx.mk_substs(&[param(0).into()])),
                 )
             }
@@ -442,7 +450,8 @@ pub fn check_intrinsic_type(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, it: &hir::ForeignItem<'_>) {
 
             sym::raw_eq => {
                 let br = ty::BoundRegion { var: ty::BoundVar::from_u32(0), kind: ty::BrAnon(None) };
-                let param_ty = tcx.mk_imm_ref(tcx.mk_re_late_bound(ty::INNERMOST, br), param(0));
+                let param_ty =
+                    tcx.mk_imm_ref(ty::Region::new_late_bound(tcx, ty::INNERMOST, br), param(0));
                 (1, vec![param_ty; 2], tcx.types.bool)
             }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/mod.rs
index 08154cdae47..3971a4c01d6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/mod.rs
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ use rustc_errors::{pluralize, struct_span_err, Diagnostic, DiagnosticBuilder};
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefId, LocalDefId};
 use rustc_hir::intravisit::Visitor;
 use rustc_index::bit_set::BitSet;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{InternalSubsts, SubstsRef};
 use rustc_session::parse::feature_err;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/wfcheck.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/wfcheck.rs
index 862f0a9b0e2..fff417fcb29 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/wfcheck.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/wfcheck.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use rustc_infer::infer::outlives::env::{OutlivesEnvironment, RegionBoundPairs};
 use rustc_infer::infer::outlives::obligations::TypeOutlives;
 use rustc_infer::infer::{self, InferCtxt, TyCtxtInferExt};
 use rustc_middle::mir::ConstraintCategory;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::trait_def::TraitSpecializationKind;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{
     self, AdtKind, GenericParamDefKind, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeFoldable, TypeSuperVisitable,
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ fn check_item<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, item: &'tcx hir::Item<'tcx>) {
         hir::ItemKind::Impl(impl_) => {
             let is_auto = tcx
                 .impl_trait_ref(def_id)
-                .map_or(false, |trait_ref| tcx.trait_is_auto(trait_ref.skip_binder().def_id));
+                .is_some_and(|trait_ref| tcx.trait_is_auto(trait_ref.skip_binder().def_id));
             if let (hir::Defaultness::Default { .. }, true) = (impl_.defaultness, is_auto) {
                 let sp = impl_.of_trait.as_ref().map_or(item.span, |t| t.path.span);
                 let mut err =
@@ -556,11 +556,14 @@ fn gather_gat_bounds<'tcx, T: TypeFoldable<TyCtxt<'tcx>>>(
                 // Same for the region. In our example, 'a corresponds
                 // to the 'me parameter.
                 let region_param = gat_generics.param_at(*region_a_idx, tcx);
-                let region_param = tcx.mk_re_early_bound(ty::EarlyBoundRegion {
-                    def_id: region_param.def_id,
-                    index: region_param.index,
-                    name: region_param.name,
-                });
+                let region_param = ty::Region::new_early_bound(
+                    tcx,
+                    ty::EarlyBoundRegion {
+                        def_id: region_param.def_id,
+                        index: region_param.index,
+                        name: region_param.name,
+                    },
+                );
                 // The predicate we expect to see. (In our example,
                 // `Self: 'me`.)
                 let clause = ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::TypeOutlives(
@@ -593,18 +596,24 @@ fn gather_gat_bounds<'tcx, T: TypeFoldable<TyCtxt<'tcx>>>(
                 debug!("required clause: {region_a} must outlive {region_b}");
                 // Translate into the generic parameters of the GAT.
                 let region_a_param = gat_generics.param_at(*region_a_idx, tcx);
-                let region_a_param = tcx.mk_re_early_bound(ty::EarlyBoundRegion {
-                    def_id: region_a_param.def_id,
-                    index: region_a_param.index,
-                    name: region_a_param.name,
-                });
+                let region_a_param = ty::Region::new_early_bound(
+                    tcx,
+                    ty::EarlyBoundRegion {
+                        def_id: region_a_param.def_id,
+                        index: region_a_param.index,
+                        name: region_a_param.name,
+                    },
+                );
                 // Same for the region.
                 let region_b_param = gat_generics.param_at(*region_b_idx, tcx);
-                let region_b_param = tcx.mk_re_early_bound(ty::EarlyBoundRegion {
-                    def_id: region_b_param.def_id,
-                    index: region_b_param.index,
-                    name: region_b_param.name,
-                });
+                let region_b_param = ty::Region::new_early_bound(
+                    tcx,
+                    ty::EarlyBoundRegion {
+                        def_id: region_b_param.def_id,
+                        index: region_b_param.index,
+                        name: region_b_param.name,
+                    },
+                );
                 // The predicate we expect to see.
                 let clause = ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::RegionOutlives(
                     ty::OutlivesPredicate(region_a_param, region_b_param),
@@ -1398,7 +1407,7 @@ fn check_where_clauses<'tcx>(wfcx: &WfCheckingCtxt<'_, 'tcx>, span: Span, def_id
             }
             let mut param_count = CountParams::default();
             let has_region = pred.visit_with(&mut param_count).is_break();
-            let substituted_pred = ty::EarlyBinder(pred).subst(tcx, substs);
+            let substituted_pred = ty::EarlyBinder::bind(pred).subst(tcx, substs);
             // Don't check non-defaulted params, dependent defaults (including lifetimes)
             // or preds with multiple params.
             if substituted_pred.has_non_region_param() || param_count.params.len() > 1 || has_region
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/coherence/builtin.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/coherence/builtin.rs
index d05d8508408..a98d8e17153 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/coherence/builtin.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/coherence/builtin.rs
@@ -298,9 +298,7 @@ pub fn coerce_unsized_info<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, impl_did: LocalDefId) -> Coe
 
     let coerce_unsized_trait = tcx.require_lang_item(LangItem::CoerceUnsized, Some(span));
 
-    let unsize_trait = tcx.lang_items().require(LangItem::Unsize).unwrap_or_else(|err| {
-        tcx.sess.fatal(format!("`CoerceUnsized` implementation {}", err.to_string()));
-    });
+    let unsize_trait = tcx.require_lang_item(LangItem::Unsize, Some(span));
 
     let source = tcx.type_of(impl_did).subst_identity();
     let trait_ref = tcx.impl_trait_ref(impl_did).unwrap().subst_identity();
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/coherence/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/coherence/mod.rs
index cd2ec2bef20..4524b87a418 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/coherence/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/coherence/mod.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 use crate::errors;
 use rustc_errors::{error_code, struct_span_err};
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefId, LocalDefId};
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, TyCtxt, TypeVisitableExt};
 use rustc_span::sym;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/coherence/orphan.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/coherence/orphan.rs
index 272177dfbd0..23beacd2a8c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/coherence/orphan.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/coherence/orphan.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use rustc_errors::{struct_span_err, DelayDm};
 use rustc_errors::{Diagnostic, ErrorGuaranteed};
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_middle::ty::subst::InternalSubsts;
-use rustc_middle::ty::util::IgnoreRegions;
+use rustc_middle::ty::util::CheckRegions;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{
     self, AliasKind, ImplPolarity, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeSuperVisitable, TypeVisitable, TypeVisitableExt,
     TypeVisitor,
@@ -507,7 +507,7 @@ fn lint_auto_trait_impl<'tcx>(
     // Impls which completely cover a given root type are fine as they
     // disable auto impls entirely. So only lint if the substs
     // are not a permutation of the identity substs.
-    let Err(arg) = tcx.uses_unique_generic_params(substs, IgnoreRegions::Yes) else {
+    let Err(arg) = tcx.uses_unique_generic_params(substs, CheckRegions::No) else {
         // ok
         return;
     };
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect.rs
index b65817ee95e..2f7d465839c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect.rs
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ use rustc_hir::{GenericParamKind, Node};
 use rustc_infer::infer::{InferCtxt, TyCtxtInferExt};
 use rustc_infer::traits::ObligationCause;
 use rustc_middle::hir::nested_filter;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::util::{Discr, IntTypeExt};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, AdtKind, Const, IsSuggestable, ToPredicate, Ty, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_span::symbol::{kw, sym, Ident, Symbol};
@@ -73,7 +73,6 @@ pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
         fn_sig,
         impl_trait_ref,
         impl_polarity,
-        is_foreign_item,
         generator_kind,
         collect_mod_item_types,
         is_type_alias_impl_trait,
@@ -441,7 +440,7 @@ impl<'tcx> AstConv<'tcx> for ItemCtxt<'tcx> {
                                     self.tcx.replace_late_bound_regions_uncached(
                                         poly_trait_ref,
                                         |_| {
-                                            self.tcx.mk_re_early_bound(ty::EarlyBoundRegion {
+                                            ty::Region::new_early_bound(self.tcx, ty::EarlyBoundRegion {
                                                 def_id: item_def_id,
                                                 index: 0,
                                                 name: Symbol::intern(&lt_name),
@@ -820,7 +819,7 @@ fn convert_variant(
         recovered,
         adt_kind == AdtKind::Struct && tcx.has_attr(parent_did, sym::non_exhaustive)
             || variant_did
-                .map_or(false, |variant_did| tcx.has_attr(variant_did, sym::non_exhaustive)),
+                .is_some_and(|variant_did| tcx.has_attr(variant_did, sym::non_exhaustive)),
     )
 }
 
@@ -1026,7 +1025,7 @@ fn is_suggestable_infer_ty(ty: &hir::Ty<'_>) -> bool {
             is_suggestable_infer_ty(ty) || are_suggestable_generic_args(segment.args().args)
         }
         Path(hir::QPath::Resolved(ty_opt, hir::Path { segments, .. })) => {
-            ty_opt.map_or(false, is_suggestable_infer_ty)
+            ty_opt.is_some_and(is_suggestable_infer_ty)
                 || segments.iter().any(|segment| are_suggestable_generic_args(segment.args().args))
         }
         _ => false,
@@ -1125,7 +1124,7 @@ fn fn_sig(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: LocalDefId) -> ty::EarlyBinder<ty::PolyFnSig<
             bug!("unexpected sort of node in fn_sig(): {:?}", x);
         }
     };
-    ty::EarlyBinder(output)
+    ty::EarlyBinder::bind(output)
 }
 
 fn infer_return_ty_for_fn_sig<'tcx>(
@@ -1313,7 +1312,7 @@ fn impl_trait_ref(
                 check_impl_constness(tcx, impl_.constness, ast_trait_ref),
             )
         })
-        .map(ty::EarlyBinder)
+        .map(ty::EarlyBinder::bind)
 }
 
 fn check_impl_constness(
@@ -1466,10 +1465,6 @@ fn compute_sig_of_foreign_fn_decl<'tcx>(
     fty
 }
 
-fn is_foreign_item(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: LocalDefId) -> bool {
-    matches!(tcx.hir().get_by_def_id(def_id), Node::ForeignItem(..))
-}
-
 fn generator_kind(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: LocalDefId) -> Option<hir::GeneratorKind> {
     match tcx.hir().get_by_def_id(def_id) {
         Node::Expr(&rustc_hir::Expr {
@@ -1483,7 +1478,7 @@ fn generator_kind(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: LocalDefId) -> Option<hir::GeneratorK
 fn is_type_alias_impl_trait<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, def_id: LocalDefId) -> bool {
     match tcx.hir().get_by_def_id(def_id) {
         Node::Item(hir::Item { kind: hir::ItemKind::OpaqueTy(opaque), .. }) => {
-            matches!(opaque.origin, hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias)
+            matches!(opaque.origin, hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias { .. })
         }
         _ => bug!("tried getting opaque_ty_origin for non-opaque: {:?}", def_id),
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/generics_of.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/generics_of.rs
index ab2932bf969..ed60998ec8d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/generics_of.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/generics_of.rs
@@ -159,7 +159,10 @@ pub(super) fn generics_of(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: LocalDefId) -> ty::Generics {
                 }
                 Some(fn_def_id.to_def_id())
             }
-            ItemKind::OpaqueTy(hir::OpaqueTy { origin: hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias, .. }) => {
+            ItemKind::OpaqueTy(hir::OpaqueTy {
+                origin: hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias { .. },
+                ..
+            }) => {
                 let parent_id = tcx.hir().get_parent_item(hir_id);
                 assert_ne!(parent_id, hir::CRATE_OWNER_ID);
                 debug!("generics_of: parent of opaque ty {:?} is {:?}", def_id, parent_id);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/item_bounds.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/item_bounds.rs
index 948b903e509..b92d561fb86 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/item_bounds.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/item_bounds.rs
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ pub(super) fn explicit_item_bounds(
         Some(ty::ImplTraitInTraitData::Trait { opaque_def_id, .. }) => {
             let item = tcx.hir().get_by_def_id(opaque_def_id.expect_local()).expect_item();
             let opaque_ty = item.expect_opaque_ty();
-            return ty::EarlyBinder(opaque_type_bounds(
+            return ty::EarlyBinder::bind(opaque_type_bounds(
                 tcx,
                 opaque_def_id.expect_local(),
                 opaque_ty.bounds,
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ pub(super) fn explicit_item_bounds(
         }
         _ => bug!("item_bounds called on {:?}", def_id),
     };
-    ty::EarlyBinder(bounds)
+    ty::EarlyBinder::bind(bounds)
 }
 
 pub(super) fn item_bounds(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/predicates_of.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/predicates_of.rs
index e04658c8e77..70d950eddd8 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/predicates_of.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/predicates_of.rs
@@ -306,11 +306,14 @@ fn gather_explicit_predicates_of(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: LocalDefId) -> ty::Gen
 
             let Some(dup_index) = generics.param_def_id_to_index(tcx, dup_def) else { bug!() };
 
-            let dup_region = tcx.mk_re_early_bound(ty::EarlyBoundRegion {
-                def_id: dup_def,
-                index: dup_index,
-                name: duplicate.name.ident().name,
-            });
+            let dup_region = ty::Region::new_early_bound(
+                tcx,
+                ty::EarlyBoundRegion {
+                    def_id: dup_def,
+                    index: dup_index,
+                    name: duplicate.name.ident().name,
+                },
+            );
             predicates.push((
                 ty::Binder::dummy(ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::RegionOutlives(
                     ty::OutlivesPredicate(orig_region, dup_region),
@@ -427,6 +430,8 @@ pub(super) fn explicit_predicates_of<'tcx>(
             //   supertrait).
             if let ty::Alias(ty::Projection, projection) = ty.kind() {
                 projection.substs == trait_identity_substs
+                    // FIXME(return_type_notation): This check should be more robust
+                    && !tcx.is_impl_trait_in_trait(projection.def_id)
                     && tcx.associated_item(projection.def_id).container_id(tcx)
                         == def_id.to_def_id()
             } else {
@@ -721,7 +726,7 @@ pub(super) fn type_param_predicates(
                 | ItemKind::TyAlias(_, generics)
                 | ItemKind::OpaqueTy(OpaqueTy {
                     generics,
-                    origin: hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias,
+                    origin: hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias { .. },
                     ..
                 })
                 | ItemKind::Enum(_, generics)
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/resolve_bound_vars.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/resolve_bound_vars.rs
index 5c7f7f10b17..794812a5ce7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/resolve_bound_vars.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/resolve_bound_vars.rs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ use rustc_hir::{GenericArg, GenericParam, GenericParamKind, HirIdMap, LifetimeNa
 use rustc_middle::bug;
 use rustc_middle::hir::nested_filter;
 use rustc_middle::middle::resolve_bound_vars::*;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, TyCtxt, TypeSuperVisitable, TypeVisitor};
 use rustc_session::lint;
 use rustc_span::def_id::DefId;
@@ -232,8 +233,8 @@ impl<'a> fmt::Debug for TruncatedScopeDebug<'a> {
 
 type ScopeRef<'a> = &'a Scope<'a>;
 
-pub(crate) fn provide(providers: &mut ty::query::Providers) {
-    *providers = ty::query::Providers {
+pub(crate) fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
+    *providers = Providers {
         resolve_bound_vars,
 
         named_variable_map: |tcx, id| tcx.resolve_bound_vars(id).defs.get(&id),
@@ -526,7 +527,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for BoundVarContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                 });
             }
             hir::ItemKind::OpaqueTy(hir::OpaqueTy {
-                origin: hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias, ..
+                origin: hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias { .. },
+                ..
             }) => {
                 // Opaque types are visited when we visit the
                 // `TyKind::OpaqueDef`, so that they have the lifetimes from
@@ -707,7 +709,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for BoundVarContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                 let opaque_ty = self.tcx.hir().item(item_id);
                 match &opaque_ty.kind {
                     hir::ItemKind::OpaqueTy(hir::OpaqueTy {
-                        origin: hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias,
+                        origin: hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias { .. },
                         ..
                     }) => {
                         intravisit::walk_ty(self, ty);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/type_of.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/type_of.rs
index 8df0166f76b..65ab00fda81 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/type_of.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/type_of.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
 use rustc_errors::{Applicability, StashKey};
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::LocalDefId;
-use rustc_hir::intravisit;
-use rustc_hir::intravisit::Visitor;
-use rustc_hir::{HirId, Node};
-use rustc_middle::hir::nested_filter;
+use rustc_hir::HirId;
 use rustc_middle::ty::print::with_forced_trimmed_paths;
 use rustc_middle::ty::subst::InternalSubsts;
 use rustc_middle::ty::util::IntTypeExt;
@@ -14,7 +11,8 @@ use rustc_span::{Span, DUMMY_SP};
 
 use super::ItemCtxt;
 use super::{bad_placeholder, is_suggestable_infer_ty};
-use crate::errors::UnconstrainedOpaqueType;
+
+mod opaque;
 
 fn anon_const_type_of<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, def_id: LocalDefId) -> Ty<'tcx> {
     use hir::*;
@@ -164,7 +162,7 @@ fn anon_const_type_of<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, def_id: LocalDefId) -> Ty<'tcx> {
             let Some(type_dependent_def) = tables.type_dependent_def_id(parent_node_id) else {
                 return tcx.ty_error_with_message(
                     tcx.def_span(def_id),
-                    &format!("unable to find type-dependent def for {:?}", parent_node_id),
+                    format!("unable to find type-dependent def for {:?}", parent_node_id),
                 );
             };
             let idx = segment
@@ -205,14 +203,14 @@ fn anon_const_type_of<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, def_id: LocalDefId) -> Ty<'tcx> {
                     } else {
                         return tcx.ty_error_with_message(
                             tcx.def_span(def_id),
-                            &format!("unable to find const parent for {} in pat {:?}", hir_id, pat),
+                            format!("unable to find const parent for {} in pat {:?}", hir_id, pat),
                         );
                     }
                 }
                 _ => {
                     return tcx.ty_error_with_message(
                         tcx.def_span(def_id),
-                        &format!("unexpected const parent path {:?}", parent_node),
+                        format!("unexpected const parent path {:?}", parent_node),
                     );
                 }
             };
@@ -243,7 +241,7 @@ fn anon_const_type_of<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, def_id: LocalDefId) -> Ty<'tcx> {
                 None => {
                     return tcx.ty_error_with_message(
                         tcx.def_span(def_id),
-                        &format!("unexpected anon const res {:?} in path: {:?}", segment.res, path),
+                        format!("unexpected anon const res {:?} in path: {:?}", segment.res, path),
                     );
                 }
             };
@@ -253,7 +251,7 @@ fn anon_const_type_of<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, def_id: LocalDefId) -> Ty<'tcx> {
 
         _ => return tcx.ty_error_with_message(
             tcx.def_span(def_id),
-            &format!("unexpected const parent in type_of(): {parent_node:?}"),
+            format!("unexpected const parent in type_of(): {parent_node:?}"),
         ),
     };
 
@@ -279,7 +277,7 @@ fn anon_const_type_of<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, def_id: LocalDefId) -> Ty<'tcx> {
     } else {
         return tcx.ty_error_with_message(
             tcx.def_span(def_id),
-            &format!("const generic parameter not found in {generics:?} at position {arg_idx:?}"),
+            format!("const generic parameter not found in {generics:?} at position {arg_idx:?}"),
         );
     }
 }
@@ -325,7 +323,7 @@ pub(super) fn type_of(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: LocalDefId) -> ty::EarlyBinder<Ty
                 return map[&assoc_item.trait_item_def_id.unwrap()];
             }
             Err(_) => {
-                return ty::EarlyBinder(tcx.ty_error_with_message(
+                return ty::EarlyBinder::bind(tcx.ty_error_with_message(
                     DUMMY_SP,
                     "Could not collect return position impl trait in trait tys",
                 ));
@@ -426,9 +424,10 @@ pub(super) fn type_of(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: LocalDefId) -> ty::EarlyBinder<Ty
                     let substs = InternalSubsts::identity_for_item(tcx, def_id);
                     tcx.mk_adt(def, substs)
                 }
-                ItemKind::OpaqueTy(OpaqueTy { origin: hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias, .. }) => {
-                    find_opaque_ty_constraints_for_tait(tcx, def_id)
-                }
+                ItemKind::OpaqueTy(OpaqueTy {
+                    origin: hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias { .. },
+                    ..
+                }) => opaque::find_opaque_ty_constraints_for_tait(tcx, def_id),
                 // Opaque types desugared from `impl Trait`.
                 ItemKind::OpaqueTy(OpaqueTy {
                     origin:
@@ -442,7 +441,7 @@ pub(super) fn type_of(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: LocalDefId) -> ty::EarlyBinder<Ty
                             "tried to get type of this RPITIT with no definition"
                         );
                     }
-                    find_opaque_ty_constraints_for_rpit(tcx, def_id, owner)
+                    opaque::find_opaque_ty_constraints_for_rpit(tcx, def_id, owner)
                 }
                 ItemKind::Trait(..)
                 | ItemKind::TraitAlias(..)
@@ -498,304 +497,7 @@ pub(super) fn type_of(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: LocalDefId) -> ty::EarlyBinder<Ty
             bug!("unexpected sort of node in type_of(): {:?}", x);
         }
     };
-    ty::EarlyBinder(output)
-}
-
-#[instrument(skip(tcx), level = "debug")]
-/// Checks "defining uses" of opaque `impl Trait` types to ensure that they meet the restrictions
-/// laid for "higher-order pattern unification".
-/// This ensures that inference is tractable.
-/// In particular, definitions of opaque types can only use other generics as arguments,
-/// and they cannot repeat an argument. Example:
-///
-/// ```ignore (illustrative)
-/// type Foo<A, B> = impl Bar<A, B>;
-///
-/// // Okay -- `Foo` is applied to two distinct, generic types.
-/// fn a<T, U>() -> Foo<T, U> { .. }
-///
-/// // Not okay -- `Foo` is applied to `T` twice.
-/// fn b<T>() -> Foo<T, T> { .. }
-///
-/// // Not okay -- `Foo` is applied to a non-generic type.
-/// fn b<T>() -> Foo<T, u32> { .. }
-/// ```
-///
-fn find_opaque_ty_constraints_for_tait(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: LocalDefId) -> Ty<'_> {
-    use rustc_hir::{Expr, ImplItem, Item, TraitItem};
-
-    struct ConstraintLocator<'tcx> {
-        tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-
-        /// def_id of the opaque type whose defining uses are being checked
-        def_id: LocalDefId,
-
-        /// as we walk the defining uses, we are checking that all of them
-        /// define the same hidden type. This variable is set to `Some`
-        /// with the first type that we find, and then later types are
-        /// checked against it (we also carry the span of that first
-        /// type).
-        found: Option<ty::OpaqueHiddenType<'tcx>>,
-
-        /// In the presence of dead code, typeck may figure out a hidden type
-        /// while borrowck will not. We collect these cases here and check at
-        /// the end that we actually found a type that matches (modulo regions).
-        typeck_types: Vec<ty::OpaqueHiddenType<'tcx>>,
-    }
-
-    impl ConstraintLocator<'_> {
-        #[instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
-        fn check(&mut self, item_def_id: LocalDefId) {
-            // Don't try to check items that cannot possibly constrain the type.
-            if !self.tcx.has_typeck_results(item_def_id) {
-                debug!("no constraint: no typeck results");
-                return;
-            }
-            // Calling `mir_borrowck` can lead to cycle errors through
-            // const-checking, avoid calling it if we don't have to.
-            // ```rust
-            // type Foo = impl Fn() -> usize; // when computing type for this
-            // const fn bar() -> Foo {
-            //     || 0usize
-            // }
-            // const BAZR: Foo = bar(); // we would mir-borrowck this, causing cycles
-            // // because we again need to reveal `Foo` so we can check whether the
-            // // constant does not contain interior mutability.
-            // ```
-            let tables = self.tcx.typeck(item_def_id);
-            if let Some(guar) = tables.tainted_by_errors {
-                self.found =
-                    Some(ty::OpaqueHiddenType { span: DUMMY_SP, ty: self.tcx.ty_error(guar) });
-                return;
-            }
-            let Some(&typeck_hidden_ty) = tables.concrete_opaque_types.get(&self.def_id) else {
-                debug!("no constraints in typeck results");
-                return;
-            };
-            if self.typeck_types.iter().all(|prev| prev.ty != typeck_hidden_ty.ty) {
-                self.typeck_types.push(typeck_hidden_ty);
-            }
-
-            // Use borrowck to get the type with unerased regions.
-            let concrete_opaque_types = &self.tcx.mir_borrowck(item_def_id).concrete_opaque_types;
-            debug!(?concrete_opaque_types);
-            if let Some(&concrete_type) = concrete_opaque_types.get(&self.def_id) {
-                debug!(?concrete_type, "found constraint");
-                if let Some(prev) = &mut self.found {
-                    if concrete_type.ty != prev.ty && !(concrete_type, prev.ty).references_error() {
-                        let guar = prev.report_mismatch(&concrete_type, self.tcx);
-                        prev.ty = self.tcx.ty_error(guar);
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    self.found = Some(concrete_type);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    impl<'tcx> intravisit::Visitor<'tcx> for ConstraintLocator<'tcx> {
-        type NestedFilter = nested_filter::All;
-
-        fn nested_visit_map(&mut self) -> Self::Map {
-            self.tcx.hir()
-        }
-        fn visit_expr(&mut self, ex: &'tcx Expr<'tcx>) {
-            if let hir::ExprKind::Closure(closure) = ex.kind {
-                self.check(closure.def_id);
-            }
-            intravisit::walk_expr(self, ex);
-        }
-        fn visit_item(&mut self, it: &'tcx Item<'tcx>) {
-            trace!(?it.owner_id);
-            // The opaque type itself or its children are not within its reveal scope.
-            if it.owner_id.def_id != self.def_id {
-                self.check(it.owner_id.def_id);
-                intravisit::walk_item(self, it);
-            }
-        }
-        fn visit_impl_item(&mut self, it: &'tcx ImplItem<'tcx>) {
-            trace!(?it.owner_id);
-            // The opaque type itself or its children are not within its reveal scope.
-            if it.owner_id.def_id != self.def_id {
-                self.check(it.owner_id.def_id);
-                intravisit::walk_impl_item(self, it);
-            }
-        }
-        fn visit_trait_item(&mut self, it: &'tcx TraitItem<'tcx>) {
-            trace!(?it.owner_id);
-            self.check(it.owner_id.def_id);
-            intravisit::walk_trait_item(self, it);
-        }
-    }
-
-    let hir_id = tcx.hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(def_id);
-    let scope = tcx.hir().get_defining_scope(hir_id);
-    let mut locator = ConstraintLocator { def_id, tcx, found: None, typeck_types: vec![] };
-
-    debug!(?scope);
-
-    if scope == hir::CRATE_HIR_ID {
-        tcx.hir().walk_toplevel_module(&mut locator);
-    } else {
-        trace!("scope={:#?}", tcx.hir().get(scope));
-        match tcx.hir().get(scope) {
-            // We explicitly call `visit_*` methods, instead of using `intravisit::walk_*` methods
-            // This allows our visitor to process the defining item itself, causing
-            // it to pick up any 'sibling' defining uses.
-            //
-            // For example, this code:
-            // ```
-            // fn foo() {
-            //     type Blah = impl Debug;
-            //     let my_closure = || -> Blah { true };
-            // }
-            // ```
-            //
-            // requires us to explicitly process `foo()` in order
-            // to notice the defining usage of `Blah`.
-            Node::Item(it) => locator.visit_item(it),
-            Node::ImplItem(it) => locator.visit_impl_item(it),
-            Node::TraitItem(it) => locator.visit_trait_item(it),
-            other => bug!("{:?} is not a valid scope for an opaque type item", other),
-        }
-    }
-
-    let Some(hidden) = locator.found else {
-        let reported = tcx.sess.emit_err(UnconstrainedOpaqueType {
-            span: tcx.def_span(def_id),
-            name: tcx.item_name(tcx.local_parent(def_id).to_def_id()),
-            what: match tcx.hir().get(scope) {
-                _ if scope == hir::CRATE_HIR_ID => "module",
-                Node::Item(hir::Item { kind: hir::ItemKind::Mod(_), .. }) => "module",
-                Node::Item(hir::Item { kind: hir::ItemKind::Impl(_), .. }) => "impl",
-                _ => "item",
-            },
-        });
-        return tcx.ty_error(reported);
-    };
-
-    // Only check against typeck if we didn't already error
-    if !hidden.ty.references_error() {
-        for concrete_type in locator.typeck_types {
-            if tcx.erase_regions(concrete_type.ty) != tcx.erase_regions(hidden.ty)
-                && !(concrete_type, hidden).references_error()
-            {
-                hidden.report_mismatch(&concrete_type, tcx);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    hidden.ty
-}
-
-fn find_opaque_ty_constraints_for_rpit(
-    tcx: TyCtxt<'_>,
-    def_id: LocalDefId,
-    owner_def_id: LocalDefId,
-) -> Ty<'_> {
-    use rustc_hir::{Expr, ImplItem, Item, TraitItem};
-
-    struct ConstraintChecker<'tcx> {
-        tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-
-        /// def_id of the opaque type whose defining uses are being checked
-        def_id: LocalDefId,
-
-        found: ty::OpaqueHiddenType<'tcx>,
-    }
-
-    impl ConstraintChecker<'_> {
-        #[instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
-        fn check(&self, def_id: LocalDefId) {
-            // Use borrowck to get the type with unerased regions.
-            let concrete_opaque_types = &self.tcx.mir_borrowck(def_id).concrete_opaque_types;
-            debug!(?concrete_opaque_types);
-            for (&def_id, &concrete_type) in concrete_opaque_types {
-                if def_id != self.def_id {
-                    // Ignore constraints for other opaque types.
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                debug!(?concrete_type, "found constraint");
-
-                if concrete_type.ty != self.found.ty
-                    && !(concrete_type, self.found).references_error()
-                {
-                    self.found.report_mismatch(&concrete_type, self.tcx);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    impl<'tcx> intravisit::Visitor<'tcx> for ConstraintChecker<'tcx> {
-        type NestedFilter = nested_filter::OnlyBodies;
-
-        fn nested_visit_map(&mut self) -> Self::Map {
-            self.tcx.hir()
-        }
-        fn visit_expr(&mut self, ex: &'tcx Expr<'tcx>) {
-            if let hir::ExprKind::Closure(closure) = ex.kind {
-                self.check(closure.def_id);
-            }
-            intravisit::walk_expr(self, ex);
-        }
-        fn visit_item(&mut self, it: &'tcx Item<'tcx>) {
-            trace!(?it.owner_id);
-            // The opaque type itself or its children are not within its reveal scope.
-            if it.owner_id.def_id != self.def_id {
-                self.check(it.owner_id.def_id);
-                intravisit::walk_item(self, it);
-            }
-        }
-        fn visit_impl_item(&mut self, it: &'tcx ImplItem<'tcx>) {
-            trace!(?it.owner_id);
-            // The opaque type itself or its children are not within its reveal scope.
-            if it.owner_id.def_id != self.def_id {
-                self.check(it.owner_id.def_id);
-                intravisit::walk_impl_item(self, it);
-            }
-        }
-        fn visit_trait_item(&mut self, it: &'tcx TraitItem<'tcx>) {
-            trace!(?it.owner_id);
-            self.check(it.owner_id.def_id);
-            intravisit::walk_trait_item(self, it);
-        }
-    }
-
-    let concrete = tcx.mir_borrowck(owner_def_id).concrete_opaque_types.get(&def_id).copied();
-
-    if let Some(concrete) = concrete {
-        let scope = tcx.hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(owner_def_id);
-        debug!(?scope);
-        let mut locator = ConstraintChecker { def_id, tcx, found: concrete };
-
-        match tcx.hir().get(scope) {
-            Node::Item(it) => intravisit::walk_item(&mut locator, it),
-            Node::ImplItem(it) => intravisit::walk_impl_item(&mut locator, it),
-            Node::TraitItem(it) => intravisit::walk_trait_item(&mut locator, it),
-            other => bug!("{:?} is not a valid scope for an opaque type item", other),
-        }
-    }
-
-    concrete.map(|concrete| concrete.ty).unwrap_or_else(|| {
-        let table = tcx.typeck(owner_def_id);
-        if let Some(guar) = table.tainted_by_errors {
-            // Some error in the
-            // owner fn prevented us from populating
-            // the `concrete_opaque_types` table.
-            tcx.ty_error(guar)
-        } else {
-            table.concrete_opaque_types.get(&def_id).map(|ty| ty.ty).unwrap_or_else(|| {
-                // We failed to resolve the opaque type or it
-                // resolves to itself. We interpret this as the
-                // no values of the hidden type ever being constructed,
-                // so we can just make the hidden type be `!`.
-                // For backwards compatibility reasons, we fall back to
-                // `()` until we the diverging default is changed.
-                tcx.mk_diverging_default()
-            })
-        }
-    })
+    ty::EarlyBinder::bind(output)
 }
 
 fn infer_placeholder_type<'a>(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/type_of/opaque.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/type_of/opaque.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4d96a7ff4c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/type_of/opaque.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,343 @@
+use rustc_errors::StashKey;
+use rustc_hir::def_id::LocalDefId;
+use rustc_hir::intravisit::{self, Visitor};
+use rustc_hir::{self as hir, Expr, ImplItem, Item, Node, TraitItem};
+use rustc_middle::hir::nested_filter;
+use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeVisitableExt};
+use rustc_span::DUMMY_SP;
+
+use crate::errors::UnconstrainedOpaqueType;
+
+/// Checks "defining uses" of opaque `impl Trait` types to ensure that they meet the restrictions
+/// laid for "higher-order pattern unification".
+/// This ensures that inference is tractable.
+/// In particular, definitions of opaque types can only use other generics as arguments,
+/// and they cannot repeat an argument. Example:
+///
+/// ```ignore (illustrative)
+/// type Foo<A, B> = impl Bar<A, B>;
+///
+/// // Okay -- `Foo` is applied to two distinct, generic types.
+/// fn a<T, U>() -> Foo<T, U> { .. }
+///
+/// // Not okay -- `Foo` is applied to `T` twice.
+/// fn b<T>() -> Foo<T, T> { .. }
+///
+/// // Not okay -- `Foo` is applied to a non-generic type.
+/// fn b<T>() -> Foo<T, u32> { .. }
+/// ```
+#[instrument(skip(tcx), level = "debug")]
+pub(super) fn find_opaque_ty_constraints_for_tait(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: LocalDefId) -> Ty<'_> {
+    let hir_id = tcx.hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(def_id);
+    let scope = tcx.hir().get_defining_scope(hir_id);
+    let mut locator = TaitConstraintLocator { def_id, tcx, found: None, typeck_types: vec![] };
+
+    debug!(?scope);
+
+    if scope == hir::CRATE_HIR_ID {
+        tcx.hir().walk_toplevel_module(&mut locator);
+    } else {
+        trace!("scope={:#?}", tcx.hir().get(scope));
+        match tcx.hir().get(scope) {
+            // We explicitly call `visit_*` methods, instead of using `intravisit::walk_*` methods
+            // This allows our visitor to process the defining item itself, causing
+            // it to pick up any 'sibling' defining uses.
+            //
+            // For example, this code:
+            // ```
+            // fn foo() {
+            //     type Blah = impl Debug;
+            //     let my_closure = || -> Blah { true };
+            // }
+            // ```
+            //
+            // requires us to explicitly process `foo()` in order
+            // to notice the defining usage of `Blah`.
+            Node::Item(it) => locator.visit_item(it),
+            Node::ImplItem(it) => locator.visit_impl_item(it),
+            Node::TraitItem(it) => locator.visit_trait_item(it),
+            other => bug!("{:?} is not a valid scope for an opaque type item", other),
+        }
+    }
+
+    if let Some(hidden) = locator.found {
+        // Only check against typeck if we didn't already error
+        if !hidden.ty.references_error() {
+            for concrete_type in locator.typeck_types {
+                if concrete_type.ty != tcx.erase_regions(hidden.ty)
+                    && !(concrete_type, hidden).references_error()
+                {
+                    hidden.report_mismatch(&concrete_type, def_id, tcx).emit();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        hidden.ty
+    } else {
+        let reported = tcx.sess.emit_err(UnconstrainedOpaqueType {
+            span: tcx.def_span(def_id),
+            name: tcx.item_name(tcx.local_parent(def_id).to_def_id()),
+            what: match tcx.hir().get(scope) {
+                _ if scope == hir::CRATE_HIR_ID => "module",
+                Node::Item(hir::Item { kind: hir::ItemKind::Mod(_), .. }) => "module",
+                Node::Item(hir::Item { kind: hir::ItemKind::Impl(_), .. }) => "impl",
+                _ => "item",
+            },
+        });
+        tcx.ty_error(reported)
+    }
+}
+
+struct TaitConstraintLocator<'tcx> {
+    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+
+    /// def_id of the opaque type whose defining uses are being checked
+    def_id: LocalDefId,
+
+    /// as we walk the defining uses, we are checking that all of them
+    /// define the same hidden type. This variable is set to `Some`
+    /// with the first type that we find, and then later types are
+    /// checked against it (we also carry the span of that first
+    /// type).
+    found: Option<ty::OpaqueHiddenType<'tcx>>,
+
+    /// In the presence of dead code, typeck may figure out a hidden type
+    /// while borrowck will not. We collect these cases here and check at
+    /// the end that we actually found a type that matches (modulo regions).
+    typeck_types: Vec<ty::OpaqueHiddenType<'tcx>>,
+}
+
+impl TaitConstraintLocator<'_> {
+    #[instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
+    fn check(&mut self, item_def_id: LocalDefId) {
+        // Don't try to check items that cannot possibly constrain the type.
+        if !self.tcx.has_typeck_results(item_def_id) {
+            debug!("no constraint: no typeck results");
+            return;
+        }
+        // Calling `mir_borrowck` can lead to cycle errors through
+        // const-checking, avoid calling it if we don't have to.
+        // ```rust
+        // type Foo = impl Fn() -> usize; // when computing type for this
+        // const fn bar() -> Foo {
+        //     || 0usize
+        // }
+        // const BAZR: Foo = bar(); // we would mir-borrowck this, causing cycles
+        // // because we again need to reveal `Foo` so we can check whether the
+        // // constant does not contain interior mutability.
+        // ```
+        let tables = self.tcx.typeck(item_def_id);
+        if let Some(guar) = tables.tainted_by_errors {
+            self.found = Some(ty::OpaqueHiddenType { span: DUMMY_SP, ty: self.tcx.ty_error(guar) });
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let mut constrained = false;
+        for (&opaque_type_key, &hidden_type) in &tables.concrete_opaque_types {
+            if opaque_type_key.def_id != self.def_id {
+                continue;
+            }
+            constrained = true;
+            let concrete_type =
+                self.tcx.erase_regions(hidden_type.remap_generic_params_to_declaration_params(
+                    opaque_type_key,
+                    self.tcx,
+                    true,
+                ));
+            if self.typeck_types.iter().all(|prev| prev.ty != concrete_type.ty) {
+                self.typeck_types.push(concrete_type);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if !constrained {
+            debug!("no constraints in typeck results");
+            return;
+        };
+
+        // Use borrowck to get the type with unerased regions.
+        let concrete_opaque_types = &self.tcx.mir_borrowck(item_def_id).concrete_opaque_types;
+        debug!(?concrete_opaque_types);
+        if let Some(&concrete_type) = concrete_opaque_types.get(&self.def_id) {
+            debug!(?concrete_type, "found constraint");
+            if let Some(prev) = &mut self.found {
+                if concrete_type.ty != prev.ty && !(concrete_type, prev.ty).references_error() {
+                    let guar = prev.report_mismatch(&concrete_type, self.def_id, self.tcx).emit();
+                    prev.ty = self.tcx.ty_error(guar);
+                }
+            } else {
+                self.found = Some(concrete_type);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'tcx> intravisit::Visitor<'tcx> for TaitConstraintLocator<'tcx> {
+    type NestedFilter = nested_filter::All;
+
+    fn nested_visit_map(&mut self) -> Self::Map {
+        self.tcx.hir()
+    }
+    fn visit_expr(&mut self, ex: &'tcx Expr<'tcx>) {
+        if let hir::ExprKind::Closure(closure) = ex.kind {
+            self.check(closure.def_id);
+        }
+        intravisit::walk_expr(self, ex);
+    }
+    fn visit_item(&mut self, it: &'tcx Item<'tcx>) {
+        trace!(?it.owner_id);
+        // The opaque type itself or its children are not within its reveal scope.
+        if it.owner_id.def_id != self.def_id {
+            self.check(it.owner_id.def_id);
+            intravisit::walk_item(self, it);
+        }
+    }
+    fn visit_impl_item(&mut self, it: &'tcx ImplItem<'tcx>) {
+        trace!(?it.owner_id);
+        // The opaque type itself or its children are not within its reveal scope.
+        if it.owner_id.def_id != self.def_id {
+            self.check(it.owner_id.def_id);
+            intravisit::walk_impl_item(self, it);
+        }
+    }
+    fn visit_trait_item(&mut self, it: &'tcx TraitItem<'tcx>) {
+        trace!(?it.owner_id);
+        self.check(it.owner_id.def_id);
+        intravisit::walk_trait_item(self, it);
+    }
+}
+
+pub(super) fn find_opaque_ty_constraints_for_rpit<'tcx>(
+    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+    def_id: LocalDefId,
+    owner_def_id: LocalDefId,
+) -> Ty<'_> {
+    let tables = tcx.typeck(owner_def_id);
+
+    // Check that all of the opaques we inferred during HIR are compatible.
+    // FIXME: We explicitly don't check that the types inferred during HIR
+    // typeck are compatible with the one that we infer during borrowck,
+    // because that one actually sometimes has consts evaluated eagerly so
+    // using strict type equality will fail.
+    let mut hir_opaque_ty: Option<ty::OpaqueHiddenType<'tcx>> = None;
+    if tables.tainted_by_errors.is_none() {
+        for (&opaque_type_key, &hidden_type) in &tables.concrete_opaque_types {
+            if opaque_type_key.def_id != def_id {
+                continue;
+            }
+            let concrete_type = tcx.erase_regions(
+                hidden_type.remap_generic_params_to_declaration_params(opaque_type_key, tcx, true),
+            );
+            if let Some(prev) = &mut hir_opaque_ty {
+                if concrete_type.ty != prev.ty && !(concrete_type, prev.ty).references_error() {
+                    prev.report_mismatch(&concrete_type, def_id, tcx).stash(
+                        tcx.def_span(opaque_type_key.def_id),
+                        StashKey::OpaqueHiddenTypeMismatch,
+                    );
+                }
+            } else {
+                hir_opaque_ty = Some(concrete_type);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    let mir_opaque_ty = tcx.mir_borrowck(owner_def_id).concrete_opaque_types.get(&def_id).copied();
+    if let Some(mir_opaque_ty) = mir_opaque_ty {
+        let scope = tcx.hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(owner_def_id);
+        debug!(?scope);
+        let mut locator = RpitConstraintChecker { def_id, tcx, found: mir_opaque_ty };
+
+        match tcx.hir().get(scope) {
+            Node::Item(it) => intravisit::walk_item(&mut locator, it),
+            Node::ImplItem(it) => intravisit::walk_impl_item(&mut locator, it),
+            Node::TraitItem(it) => intravisit::walk_trait_item(&mut locator, it),
+            other => bug!("{:?} is not a valid scope for an opaque type item", other),
+        }
+
+        mir_opaque_ty.ty
+    } else {
+        if let Some(guar) = tables.tainted_by_errors {
+            // Some error in the owner fn prevented us from populating
+            // the `concrete_opaque_types` table.
+            tcx.ty_error(guar)
+        } else {
+            // Fall back to the RPIT we inferred during HIR typeck
+            if let Some(hir_opaque_ty) = hir_opaque_ty {
+                hir_opaque_ty.ty
+            } else {
+                // We failed to resolve the opaque type or it
+                // resolves to itself. We interpret this as the
+                // no values of the hidden type ever being constructed,
+                // so we can just make the hidden type be `!`.
+                // For backwards compatibility reasons, we fall back to
+                // `()` until we the diverging default is changed.
+                tcx.mk_diverging_default()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+struct RpitConstraintChecker<'tcx> {
+    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+
+    /// def_id of the opaque type whose defining uses are being checked
+    def_id: LocalDefId,
+
+    found: ty::OpaqueHiddenType<'tcx>,
+}
+
+impl RpitConstraintChecker<'_> {
+    #[instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
+    fn check(&self, def_id: LocalDefId) {
+        // Use borrowck to get the type with unerased regions.
+        let concrete_opaque_types = &self.tcx.mir_borrowck(def_id).concrete_opaque_types;
+        debug!(?concrete_opaque_types);
+        for (&def_id, &concrete_type) in concrete_opaque_types {
+            if def_id != self.def_id {
+                // Ignore constraints for other opaque types.
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            debug!(?concrete_type, "found constraint");
+
+            if concrete_type.ty != self.found.ty && !(concrete_type, self.found).references_error()
+            {
+                self.found.report_mismatch(&concrete_type, self.def_id, self.tcx).emit();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'tcx> intravisit::Visitor<'tcx> for RpitConstraintChecker<'tcx> {
+    type NestedFilter = nested_filter::OnlyBodies;
+
+    fn nested_visit_map(&mut self) -> Self::Map {
+        self.tcx.hir()
+    }
+    fn visit_expr(&mut self, ex: &'tcx Expr<'tcx>) {
+        if let hir::ExprKind::Closure(closure) = ex.kind {
+            self.check(closure.def_id);
+        }
+        intravisit::walk_expr(self, ex);
+    }
+    fn visit_item(&mut self, it: &'tcx Item<'tcx>) {
+        trace!(?it.owner_id);
+        // The opaque type itself or its children are not within its reveal scope.
+        if it.owner_id.def_id != self.def_id {
+            self.check(it.owner_id.def_id);
+            intravisit::walk_item(self, it);
+        }
+    }
+    fn visit_impl_item(&mut self, it: &'tcx ImplItem<'tcx>) {
+        trace!(?it.owner_id);
+        // The opaque type itself or its children are not within its reveal scope.
+        if it.owner_id.def_id != self.def_id {
+            self.check(it.owner_id.def_id);
+            intravisit::walk_impl_item(self, it);
+        }
+    }
+    fn visit_trait_item(&mut self, it: &'tcx TraitItem<'tcx>) {
+        trace!(?it.owner_id);
+        self.check(it.owner_id.def_id);
+        intravisit::walk_trait_item(self, it);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/hir_wf_check.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/hir_wf_check.rs
index 8269a6ddea5..e4c6e6e391a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/hir_wf_check.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/hir_wf_check.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use rustc_hir::intravisit::{self, Visitor};
 use rustc_hir::{ForeignItem, ForeignItemKind};
 use rustc_infer::infer::TyCtxtInferExt;
 use rustc_infer::traits::{ObligationCause, WellFormedLoc};
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Region, TyCtxt, TypeFoldable, TypeFolder};
 use rustc_span::def_id::LocalDefId;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::{self, ObligationCtxt};
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/impl_wf_check.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/impl_wf_check.rs
index f070b4f9bae..612d4ff3df8 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/impl_wf_check.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/impl_wf_check.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashSet;
 use rustc_errors::struct_span_err;
 use rustc_hir::def::DefKind;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::LocalDefId;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, TyCtxt, TypeVisitableExt};
 use rustc_span::{Span, Symbol};
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/lib.rs
index 3fe34f23aef..5cd2cd50c11 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/lib.rs
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::Node;
 use rustc_infer::infer::TyCtxtInferExt;
 use rustc_middle::middle;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_middle::util;
 use rustc_session::{config::EntryFnType, parse::feature_err};
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/outlives/explicit.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/outlives/explicit.rs
index 357deb07b8f..7ce48fe1c01 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/outlives/explicit.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/outlives/explicit.rs
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ impl<'tcx> ExplicitPredicatesMap<'tcx> {
                 }
             }
 
-            ty::EarlyBinder(required_predicates)
+            ty::EarlyBinder::bind(required_predicates)
         })
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/outlives/implicit_infer.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/outlives/implicit_infer.rs
index 0cd2fc1aa29..71dca918fc5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/outlives/implicit_infer.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/outlives/implicit_infer.rs
@@ -68,12 +68,13 @@ pub(super) fn infer_predicates(
             // Therefore mark `predicates_added` as true and which will ensure
             // we walk the crates again and re-calculate predicates for all
             // items.
-            let item_predicates_len: usize =
-                global_inferred_outlives.get(&item_did.to_def_id()).map_or(0, |p| p.0.len());
+            let item_predicates_len: usize = global_inferred_outlives
+                .get(&item_did.to_def_id())
+                .map_or(0, |p| p.as_ref().skip_binder().len());
             if item_required_predicates.len() > item_predicates_len {
                 predicates_added = true;
                 global_inferred_outlives
-                    .insert(item_did.to_def_id(), ty::EarlyBinder(item_required_predicates));
+                    .insert(item_did.to_def_id(), ty::EarlyBinder::bind(item_required_predicates));
             }
         }
 
@@ -137,7 +138,9 @@ fn insert_required_predicates_to_be_wf<'tcx>(
                 // 'a` holds for `Foo`.
                 debug!("Adt");
                 if let Some(unsubstituted_predicates) = global_inferred_outlives.get(&def.did()) {
-                    for (unsubstituted_predicate, &span) in &unsubstituted_predicates.0 {
+                    for (unsubstituted_predicate, &span) in
+                        unsubstituted_predicates.as_ref().skip_binder()
+                    {
                         // `unsubstituted_predicate` is `U: 'b` in the
                         // example above. So apply the substitution to
                         // get `T: 'a` (or `predicate`):
@@ -251,7 +254,7 @@ fn check_explicit_predicates<'tcx>(
     );
     let explicit_predicates = explicit_map.explicit_predicates_of(tcx, def_id);
 
-    for (outlives_predicate, &span) in &explicit_predicates.0 {
+    for (outlives_predicate, &span) in explicit_predicates.as_ref().skip_binder() {
         debug!("outlives_predicate = {:?}", &outlives_predicate);
 
         // Careful: If we are inferring the effects of a `dyn Trait<..>`
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/outlives/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/outlives/mod.rs
index 42612eed750..2106d6ff07d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/outlives/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/outlives/mod.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use hir::Node;
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::LocalDefId;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::subst::GenericArgKind;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, CratePredicatesMap, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_span::symbol::sym;
@@ -98,24 +98,27 @@ fn inferred_outlives_crate(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, (): ()) -> CratePredicatesMap<'_> {
     let predicates = global_inferred_outlives
         .iter()
         .map(|(&def_id, set)| {
-            let predicates = &*tcx.arena.alloc_from_iter(set.0.iter().filter_map(
-                |(ty::OutlivesPredicate(kind1, region2), &span)| {
-                    match kind1.unpack() {
-                        GenericArgKind::Type(ty1) => Some((
-                            ty::Clause::TypeOutlives(ty::OutlivesPredicate(ty1, *region2)),
-                            span,
-                        )),
-                        GenericArgKind::Lifetime(region1) => Some((
-                            ty::Clause::RegionOutlives(ty::OutlivesPredicate(region1, *region2)),
-                            span,
-                        )),
-                        GenericArgKind::Const(_) => {
-                            // Generic consts don't impose any constraints.
-                            None
+            let predicates =
+                &*tcx.arena.alloc_from_iter(set.as_ref().skip_binder().iter().filter_map(
+                    |(ty::OutlivesPredicate(kind1, region2), &span)| {
+                        match kind1.unpack() {
+                            GenericArgKind::Type(ty1) => Some((
+                                ty::Clause::TypeOutlives(ty::OutlivesPredicate(ty1, *region2)),
+                                span,
+                            )),
+                            GenericArgKind::Lifetime(region1) => Some((
+                                ty::Clause::RegionOutlives(ty::OutlivesPredicate(
+                                    region1, *region2,
+                                )),
+                                span,
+                            )),
+                            GenericArgKind::Const(_) => {
+                                // Generic consts don't impose any constraints.
+                                None
+                            }
                         }
-                    }
-                },
-            ));
+                    },
+                ));
             (def_id, predicates)
         })
         .collect();
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/structured_errors/wrong_number_of_generic_args.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/structured_errors/wrong_number_of_generic_args.rs
index 6d1a1634ab4..ee3457282d3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/structured_errors/wrong_number_of_generic_args.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/structured_errors/wrong_number_of_generic_args.rs
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> WrongNumberOfGenericArgs<'a, 'tcx> {
     ) -> String {
         let fn_sig = self.tcx.hir().get_if_local(self.def_id).and_then(hir::Node::fn_sig);
         let is_used_in_input = |def_id| {
-            fn_sig.map_or(false, |fn_sig| {
+            fn_sig.is_some_and(|fn_sig| {
                 fn_sig.decl.inputs.iter().any(|ty| match ty.kind {
                     hir::TyKind::Path(hir::QPath::Resolved(
                         None,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/variance/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/variance/mod.rs
index e735b048d73..3ebd9e134bf 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/variance/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/variance/mod.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 use rustc_arena::DroplessArena;
 use rustc_hir::def::DefKind;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefId, LocalDefId};
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, CrateVariancesMap, SubstsRef, Ty, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{TypeSuperVisitable, TypeVisitable};
 use std::ops::ControlFlow;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/messages.ftl
index aa664031a87..aab432eee57 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/messages.ftl
@@ -1,81 +1,94 @@
-hir_typeck_field_multiply_specified_in_initializer =
-    field `{$ident}` specified more than once
-    .label = used more than once
-    .previous_use_label = first use of `{$ident}`
+hir_typeck_add_missing_parentheses_in_range = you must surround the range in parentheses to call its `{$func_name}` function
 
-hir_typeck_functional_record_update_on_non_struct =
-    functional record update syntax requires a struct
+hir_typeck_add_return_type_add = try adding a return type
 
-hir_typeck_return_stmt_outside_of_fn_body =
-    return statement outside of function body
-    .encl_body_label = the return is part of this body...
-    .encl_fn_label = ...not the enclosing function body
+hir_typeck_add_return_type_missing_here = a return type might be missing here
 
-hir_typeck_yield_expr_outside_of_generator =
-    yield expression outside of generator literal
+hir_typeck_address_of_temporary_taken = cannot take address of a temporary
+    .label = temporary value
 
-hir_typeck_struct_expr_non_exhaustive =
-    cannot create non-exhaustive {$what} using struct expression
+hir_typeck_arg_mismatch_indeterminate = argument type mismatch was detected, but rustc had trouble determining where
+    .note = we would appreciate a bug report: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/new
 
-hir_typeck_method_call_on_unknown_type =
-    the type of this value must be known to call a method on a raw pointer on it
+hir_typeck_candidate_trait_note = `{$trait_name}` defines an item `{$item_name}`{$action_or_ty ->
+    [NONE] {""}
+    [implement] , perhaps you need to implement it
+    *[other] , perhaps you need to restrict type parameter `{$action_or_ty}` with it
+}
 
-hir_typeck_address_of_temporary_taken = cannot take address of a temporary
-    .label = temporary value
+hir_typeck_const_select_must_be_const = this argument must be a `const fn`
+    .help = consult the documentation on `const_eval_select` for more information
 
-hir_typeck_add_return_type_add = try adding a return type
+hir_typeck_const_select_must_be_fn = this argument must be a function item
+    .note = expected a function item, found {$ty}
+    .help = consult the documentation on `const_eval_select` for more information
 
-hir_typeck_add_return_type_missing_here = a return type might be missing here
+hir_typeck_convert_to_str = try converting the passed type into a `&str`
+
+hir_typeck_ctor_is_private = tuple struct constructor `{$def}` is private
 
 hir_typeck_expected_default_return_type = expected `()` because of default return type
 
 hir_typeck_expected_return_type = expected `{$expected}` because of return type
 
-hir_typeck_missing_parentheses_in_range = can't call method `{$method_name}` on type `{$ty_str}`
+hir_typeck_field_multiply_specified_in_initializer =
+    field `{$ident}` specified more than once
+    .label = used more than once
+    .previous_use_label = first use of `{$ident}`
 
-hir_typeck_add_missing_parentheses_in_range = you must surround the range in parentheses to call its `{$func_name}` function
+hir_typeck_fru_expr = this expression does not end in a comma...
+hir_typeck_fru_expr2 = ... so this is interpreted as a `..` range expression, instead of functional record update syntax
+hir_typeck_fru_note = this expression may have been misinterpreted as a `..` range expression
+hir_typeck_fru_suggestion =
+    to set the remaining fields{$expr ->
+        [NONE]{""}
+        *[other] {" "}from `{$expr}`
+    }, separate the last named field with a comma
 
-hir_typeck_lang_start_incorrect_number_params = incorrect number of parameters for the `start` lang item
-hir_typeck_lang_start_incorrect_number_params_note_expected_count = the `start` lang item should have four parameters, but found {$found_param_count}
+hir_typeck_functional_record_update_on_non_struct =
+    functional record update syntax requires a struct
 
+hir_typeck_help_set_edition_cargo = set `edition = "{$edition}"` in `Cargo.toml`
+hir_typeck_help_set_edition_standalone = pass `--edition {$edition}` to `rustc`
 hir_typeck_lang_start_expected_sig_note = the `start` lang item should have the signature `fn(fn() -> T, isize, *const *const u8, u8) -> isize`
 
+hir_typeck_lang_start_incorrect_number_params = incorrect number of parameters for the `start` lang item
+hir_typeck_lang_start_incorrect_number_params_note_expected_count = the `start` lang item should have four parameters, but found {$found_param_count}
+
 hir_typeck_lang_start_incorrect_param = parameter {$param_num} of the `start` lang item is incorrect
     .suggestion = change the type from `{$found_ty}` to `{$expected_ty}`
 
 hir_typeck_lang_start_incorrect_ret_ty = the return type of the `start` lang item is incorrect
     .suggestion = change the type from `{$found_ty}` to `{$expected_ty}`
 
-hir_typeck_help_set_edition_cargo = set `edition = "{$edition}"` in `Cargo.toml`
-hir_typeck_help_set_edition_standalone = pass `--edition {$edition}` to `rustc`
-hir_typeck_note_edition_guide = for more on editions, read https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide
+hir_typeck_method_call_on_unknown_raw_pointee =
+    cannot call a method on a raw pointer with an unknown pointee type
 
-hir_typeck_convert_to_str = try converting the passed type into a `&str`
-
-hir_typeck_op_trait_generic_params = `{$method_name}` must not have any generic parameters
+hir_typeck_missing_parentheses_in_range = can't call method `{$method_name}` on type `{$ty_str}`
 
-hir_typeck_fru_note = this expression may have been misinterpreted as a `..` range expression
-hir_typeck_fru_expr = this expression does not end in a comma...
-hir_typeck_fru_expr2 = ... so this is interpreted as a `..` range expression, instead of functional record update syntax
-hir_typeck_fru_suggestion =
-    to set the remaining fields{$expr ->
-        [NONE]{""}
-        *[other] {" "}from `{$expr}`
-    }, separate the last named field with a comma
+hir_typeck_no_associated_item = no {$item_kind} named `{$item_name}` found for {$ty_prefix} `{$ty_str}`{$trait_missing_method ->
+    [true] {""}
+    *[other] {" "}in the current scope
+}
 
-hir_typeck_const_select_must_be_const = this argument must be a `const fn`
-    .help = consult the documentation on `const_eval_select` for more information
+hir_typeck_note_edition_guide = for more on editions, read https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide
 
-hir_typeck_const_select_must_be_fn = this argument must be a function item
-    .note = expected a function item, found {$ty}
-    .help = consult the documentation on `const_eval_select` for more information
+hir_typeck_op_trait_generic_params = `{$method_name}` must not have any generic parameters
 
-hir_typeck_union_pat_multiple_fields = union patterns should have exactly one field
-hir_typeck_union_pat_dotdot = `..` cannot be used in union patterns
+hir_typeck_return_stmt_outside_of_fn_body =
+    return statement outside of function body
+    .encl_body_label = the return is part of this body...
+    .encl_fn_label = ...not the enclosing function body
 
-hir_typeck_arg_mismatch_indeterminate = argument type mismatch was detected, but rustc had trouble determining where
-    .note = we would appreciate a bug report: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/new
+hir_typeck_struct_expr_non_exhaustive =
+    cannot create non-exhaustive {$what} using struct expression
 
 hir_typeck_suggest_boxing_note = for more on the distinction between the stack and the heap, read https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch15-01-box.html, https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/std/box.html, and https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/index.html
 
 hir_typeck_suggest_boxing_when_appropriate = store this in the heap by calling `Box::new`
+
+hir_typeck_union_pat_dotdot = `..` cannot be used in union patterns
+
+hir_typeck_union_pat_multiple_fields = union patterns should have exactly one field
+hir_typeck_yield_expr_outside_of_generator =
+    yield expression outside of generator literal
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/callee.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/callee.rs
index 655ab94eb48..4389ad6ef26 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/callee.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/callee.rs
@@ -420,20 +420,14 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                         .steal_diagnostic(segment.ident.span, StashKey::CallIntoMethod)
                 {
                     // Try suggesting `foo(a)` -> `a.foo()` if possible.
-                    if let Some(ty) =
-                        self.suggest_call_as_method(
-                            &mut diag,
-                            segment,
-                            arg_exprs,
-                            call_expr,
-                            expected
-                        )
-                    {
-                        diag.emit();
-                        return ty;
-                    } else {
-                        diag.emit();
-                    }
+                    self.suggest_call_as_method(
+                        &mut diag,
+                        segment,
+                        arg_exprs,
+                        call_expr,
+                        expected
+                    );
+                    diag.emit();
                 }
 
                 let err = self.report_invalid_callee(call_expr, callee_expr, callee_ty, arg_exprs);
@@ -496,9 +490,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         arg_exprs: &'tcx [hir::Expr<'tcx>],
         call_expr: &'tcx hir::Expr<'tcx>,
         expected: Expectation<'tcx>,
-    ) -> Option<Ty<'tcx>> {
+    ) {
         if let [callee_expr, rest @ ..] = arg_exprs {
-            let callee_ty = self.typeck_results.borrow().expr_ty_adjusted_opt(callee_expr)?;
+            let Some(callee_ty) = self.typeck_results.borrow().expr_ty_adjusted_opt(callee_expr) else {
+                return;
+            };
 
             // First, do a probe with `IsSuggestion(true)` to avoid emitting
             // any strange errors. If it's successful, then we'll do a true
@@ -513,7 +509,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                 ProbeScope::AllTraits,
                 expected.only_has_type(self),
             ) else {
-                return None;
+                return;
             };
 
             let pick = self.confirm_method(
@@ -525,7 +521,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                 segment,
             );
             if pick.illegal_sized_bound.is_some() {
-                return None;
+                return;
             }
 
             let up_to_rcvr_span = segment.ident.span.until(callee_expr.span);
@@ -567,22 +563,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                     sugg,
                     Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
                 );
-
-                // Let's check the method fully now
-                let return_ty = self.check_method_argument_types(
-                    segment.ident.span,
-                    call_expr,
-                    Ok(pick.callee),
-                    rest,
-                    TupleArgumentsFlag::DontTupleArguments,
-                    expected,
-                );
-
-                return Some(return_ty);
             }
         }
-
-        None
     }
 
     fn report_invalid_callee(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/cast.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/cast.rs
index a92f368e083..98c683f0200 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/cast.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/cast.rs
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> CastCheck<'tcx> {
                         .sess
                         .source_map()
                         .span_to_snippet(self.expr_span)
-                        .map_or(false, |snip| snip.starts_with('('));
+                        .is_ok_and(|snip| snip.starts_with('('));
 
                     // Very crude check to see whether the expression must be wrapped
                     // in parentheses for the suggestion to work (issue #89497).
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/check.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/check.rs
index bf8259ff70f..bfabd44bb57 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/check.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/check.rs
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ pub(super) fn check_fn<'a, 'tcx>(
     fn_def_id: LocalDefId,
     body: &'tcx hir::Body<'tcx>,
     can_be_generator: Option<hir::Movability>,
+    params_can_be_unsized: bool,
 ) -> Option<GeneratorTypes<'tcx>> {
     let fn_id = fcx.tcx.hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(fn_def_id);
 
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ pub(super) fn check_fn<'a, 'tcx>(
         // The check for a non-trivial pattern is a hack to avoid duplicate warnings
         // for simple cases like `fn foo(x: Trait)`,
         // where we would error once on the parameter as a whole, and once on the binding `x`.
-        if param.pat.simple_ident().is_none() && !tcx.features().unsized_fn_params {
+        if param.pat.simple_ident().is_none() && !params_can_be_unsized {
             fcx.require_type_is_sized(param_ty, param.pat.span, traits::SizedArgumentType(ty_span));
         }
 
@@ -103,24 +104,8 @@ pub(super) fn check_fn<'a, 'tcx>(
 
     fcx.typeck_results.borrow_mut().liberated_fn_sigs_mut().insert(fn_id, fn_sig);
 
-    if let ty::Dynamic(_, _, ty::Dyn) = declared_ret_ty.kind() {
-        // FIXME: We need to verify that the return type is `Sized` after the return expression has
-        // been evaluated so that we have types available for all the nodes being returned, but that
-        // requires the coerced evaluated type to be stored. Moving `check_return_expr` before this
-        // causes unsized errors caused by the `declared_ret_ty` to point at the return expression,
-        // while keeping the current ordering we will ignore the tail expression's type because we
-        // don't know it yet. We can't do `check_expr_kind` while keeping `check_return_expr`
-        // because we will trigger "unreachable expression" lints unconditionally.
-        // Because of all of this, we perform a crude check to know whether the simplest `!Sized`
-        // case that a newcomer might make, returning a bare trait, and in that case we populate
-        // the tail expression's type so that the suggestion will be correct, but ignore all other
-        // possible cases.
-        fcx.check_expr(&body.value);
-        fcx.require_type_is_sized(declared_ret_ty, decl.output.span(), traits::SizedReturnType);
-    } else {
-        fcx.require_type_is_sized(declared_ret_ty, decl.output.span(), traits::SizedReturnType);
-        fcx.check_return_expr(&body.value, false);
-    }
+    fcx.require_type_is_sized(declared_ret_ty, decl.output.span(), traits::SizedReturnType);
+    fcx.check_return_expr(&body.value, false);
 
     // We insert the deferred_generator_interiors entry after visiting the body.
     // This ensures that all nested generators appear before the entry of this generator.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/closure.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/closure.rs
index 7046269c2de..9659a0ec13d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/closure.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/closure.rs
@@ -89,6 +89,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             expr_def_id,
             body,
             closure.movability,
+            // Closure "rust-call" ABI doesn't support unsized params
+            false,
         );
 
         let parent_substs = InternalSubsts::identity_for_item(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/coercion.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/coercion.rs
index cfe8d59f737..905781ec8f5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/coercion.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/coercion.rs
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ use rustc_span::{self, BytePos, DesugaringKind, Span};
 use rustc_target::spec::abi::Abi;
 use rustc_trait_selection::infer::InferCtxtExt as _;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::error_reporting::TypeErrCtxtExt as _;
+use rustc_trait_selection::traits::query::evaluate_obligation::InferCtxtExt;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::{
     self, NormalizeExt, ObligationCause, ObligationCauseCode, ObligationCtxt,
 };
@@ -144,12 +145,28 @@ impl<'f, 'tcx> Coerce<'f, 'tcx> {
         debug!("unify(a: {:?}, b: {:?}, use_lub: {})", a, b, self.use_lub);
         self.commit_if_ok(|_| {
             let at = self.at(&self.cause, self.fcx.param_env);
-            if self.use_lub {
+
+            let res = if self.use_lub {
                 at.lub(DefineOpaqueTypes::Yes, b, a)
             } else {
                 at.sup(DefineOpaqueTypes::Yes, b, a)
                     .map(|InferOk { value: (), obligations }| InferOk { value: a, obligations })
+            };
+
+            // In the new solver, lazy norm may allow us to shallowly equate
+            // more types, but we emit possibly impossible-to-satisfy obligations.
+            // Filter these cases out to make sure our coercion is more accurate.
+            if self.tcx.trait_solver_next() {
+                if let Ok(res) = &res {
+                    for obligation in &res.obligations {
+                        if !self.predicate_may_hold(&obligation) {
+                            return Err(TypeError::Mismatch);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
             }
+
+            res
         })
     }
 
@@ -791,6 +808,8 @@ impl<'f, 'tcx> Coerce<'f, 'tcx> {
         G: FnOnce(Ty<'tcx>) -> Vec<Adjustment<'tcx>>,
     {
         self.commit_if_ok(|snapshot| {
+            let outer_universe = self.infcx.universe();
+
             let result = if let ty::FnPtr(fn_ty_b) = b.kind()
                 && let (hir::Unsafety::Normal, hir::Unsafety::Unsafe) =
                     (fn_ty_a.unsafety(), fn_ty_b.unsafety())
@@ -807,7 +826,7 @@ impl<'f, 'tcx> Coerce<'f, 'tcx> {
             // want the coerced type to be the actual supertype of these two,
             // but for now, we want to just error to ensure we don't lock
             // ourselves into a specific behavior with NLL.
-            self.leak_check(false, snapshot)?;
+            self.leak_check(outer_universe, Some(snapshot))?;
 
             result
         })
@@ -1814,7 +1833,7 @@ impl<'tcx, 'exprs, E: AsCoercionSite> CoerceMany<'tcx, 'exprs, E> {
             .span_to_snippet(return_sp)
             .unwrap_or_else(|_| "dyn Trait".to_string());
         let mut snippet_iter = snippet.split_whitespace();
-        let has_impl = snippet_iter.next().map_or(false, |s| s == "impl");
+        let has_impl = snippet_iter.next().is_some_and(|s| s == "impl");
         // Only suggest `Box<dyn Trait>` if `Trait` in `impl Trait` is object safe.
         let mut is_object_safe = false;
         if let hir::FnRetTy::Return(ty) = fn_output
@@ -1834,7 +1853,7 @@ impl<'tcx, 'exprs, E: AsCoercionSite> CoerceMany<'tcx, 'exprs, E> {
                     bound
                         .trait_ref()
                         .and_then(|t| t.trait_def_id())
-                        .map_or(false, |def_id| {
+                        .is_some_and(|def_id| {
                             fcx.tcx.check_is_object_safe(def_id)
                         })
                 })
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/demand.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/demand.rs
index 2defca54aff..b50630e636b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/demand.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/demand.rs
@@ -1748,8 +1748,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             |err: &mut Diagnostic,
              found_to_exp_is_fallible: bool,
              exp_to_found_is_fallible: bool| {
-                let exp_is_lhs =
-                    expected_ty_expr.map(|e| self.tcx.hir().is_lhs(e.hir_id)).unwrap_or(false);
+                let exp_is_lhs = expected_ty_expr.is_some_and(|e| self.tcx.hir().is_lhs(e.hir_id));
 
                 if exp_is_lhs {
                     return;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/errors.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/errors.rs
index ce30bbeca0b..4222205c841 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/errors.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/errors.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 //! Errors emitted by `rustc_hir_typeck`.
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+
 use crate::fluent_generated as fluent;
 use rustc_errors::{AddToDiagnostic, Applicability, Diagnostic, MultiSpan, SubdiagnosticMessage};
 use rustc_macros::{Diagnostic, Subdiagnostic};
@@ -47,8 +49,8 @@ pub struct StructExprNonExhaustive {
 }
 
 #[derive(Diagnostic)]
-#[diag(hir_typeck_method_call_on_unknown_type, code = "E0699")]
-pub struct MethodCallOnUnknownType {
+#[diag(hir_typeck_method_call_on_unknown_raw_pointee, code = "E0699")]
+pub struct MethodCallOnUnknownRawPointee {
     #[primary_span]
     pub span: Span,
 }
@@ -295,3 +297,33 @@ pub enum SuggestBoxing {
         end: Span,
     },
 }
+
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(hir_typeck_no_associated_item, code = "E0599")]
+pub struct NoAssociatedItem {
+    #[primary_span]
+    pub span: Span,
+    pub item_kind: &'static str,
+    pub item_name: Ident,
+    pub ty_prefix: Cow<'static, str>,
+    pub ty_str: String,
+    pub trait_missing_method: bool,
+}
+
+#[derive(Subdiagnostic)]
+#[note(hir_typeck_candidate_trait_note)]
+pub struct CandidateTraitNote {
+    #[primary_span]
+    pub span: Span,
+    pub trait_name: String,
+    pub item_name: Ident,
+    pub action_or_ty: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(hir_typeck_ctor_is_private, code = "E0603")]
+pub struct CtorIsPrivate {
+    #[primary_span]
+    pub span: Span,
+    pub def: String,
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/expr.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/expr.rs
index bba049c3819..19ff77d8349 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/expr.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/expr.rs
@@ -497,7 +497,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                 .borrow()
                 .adjustments()
                 .get(base.hir_id)
-                .map_or(false, |x| x.iter().any(|adj| matches!(adj.kind, Adjust::Deref(_))))
+                .is_some_and(|x| x.iter().any(|adj| matches!(adj.kind, Adjust::Deref(_))))
         });
         if !is_named {
             self.tcx.sess.emit_err(AddressOfTemporaryTaken { span: oprnd.span });
@@ -721,7 +721,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                 // ICE this expression in particular (see #43162).
                 if let ExprKind::Path(QPath::Resolved(_, path)) = e.kind {
                     if path.segments.len() == 1 && path.segments[0].ident.name == sym::rust {
-                        fatally_break_rust(self.tcx.sess);
+                        fatally_break_rust(self.tcx);
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -1245,6 +1245,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                         error,
                         Some((rcvr, args)),
                         expected,
+                        false,
                     ) {
                         err.emit();
                     }
@@ -2468,7 +2469,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         {
             self.suggest_method_call(
                 &mut err,
-                &format!("a method `{field}` also exists, call it with parentheses"),
+                format!("a method `{field}` also exists, call it with parentheses"),
                 field,
                 expr_t,
                 expr,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/expr_use_visitor.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/expr_use_visitor.rs
index 94b6a0f8f47..e14e8ac2ce0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/expr_use_visitor.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/expr_use_visitor.rs
@@ -438,12 +438,19 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ExprUseVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
                         // to borrow discr.
                         needs_to_be_read = true;
                     }
-                    PatKind::Or(_)
-                    | PatKind::Box(_)
-                    | PatKind::Slice(..)
-                    | PatKind::Ref(..)
-                    | PatKind::Wild => {
-                        // If the PatKind is Or, Box, Slice or Ref, the decision is made later
+                    PatKind::Slice(lhs, wild, rhs) => {
+                        // We don't need to test the length if the pattern is `[..]`
+                        if matches!((lhs, wild, rhs), (&[], Some(_), &[]))
+                            // Arrays have a statically known size, so
+                            // there is no need to read their length
+                            || discr_place.place.base_ty.is_array()
+                        {
+                        } else {
+                            needs_to_be_read = true;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    PatKind::Or(_) | PatKind::Box(_) | PatKind::Ref(..) | PatKind::Wild => {
+                        // If the PatKind is Or, Box, or Ref, the decision is made later
                         // as these patterns contains subpatterns
                         // If the PatKind is Wild, the decision is made based on the other patterns being
                         // examined
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/_impl.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/_impl.rs
index 9e78e6acba5..38ddb7e7604 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/_impl.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/_impl.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 use crate::callee::{self, DeferredCallResolution};
+use crate::errors::CtorIsPrivate;
 use crate::method::{self, MethodCallee, SelfSource};
 use crate::rvalue_scopes;
 use crate::{BreakableCtxt, Diverges, Expectation, FnCtxt, LocalTy, RawTy};
 use rustc_data_structures::captures::Captures;
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashSet;
-use rustc_errors::{Applicability, Diagnostic, ErrorGuaranteed, MultiSpan};
+use rustc_errors::{Applicability, Diagnostic, ErrorGuaranteed, MultiSpan, StashKey};
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def::{CtorOf, DefKind, Res};
 use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
@@ -35,7 +36,9 @@ use rustc_span::symbol::{kw, sym, Ident};
 use rustc_span::Span;
 use rustc_target::abi::FieldIdx;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::error_reporting::TypeErrCtxtExt as _;
-use rustc_trait_selection::traits::{self, NormalizeExt, ObligationCauseCode, ObligationCtxt};
+use rustc_trait_selection::traits::{
+    self, NormalizeExt, ObligationCauseCode, ObligationCtxt, StructurallyNormalizeExt,
+};
 
 use std::collections::hash_map::Entry;
 use std::slice;
@@ -853,6 +856,13 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         let item_name = item_segment.ident;
         let result = self
             .resolve_fully_qualified_call(span, item_name, ty.normalized, qself.span, hir_id)
+            .and_then(|r| {
+                // lint bare trait if the method is found in the trait
+                if span.edition().rust_2021() && let Some(mut diag) = self.tcx.sess.diagnostic().steal_diagnostic(qself.span, StashKey::TraitMissingMethod) {
+                    diag.emit();
+                }
+                Ok(r)
+            })
             .or_else(|error| {
                 let guar = self
                     .tcx
@@ -863,17 +873,30 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                     _ => Err(guar),
                 };
 
+                let trait_missing_method =
+                    matches!(error, method::MethodError::NoMatch(_)) && ty.normalized.is_trait();
                 // If we have a path like `MyTrait::missing_method`, then don't register
                 // a WF obligation for `dyn MyTrait` when method lookup fails. Otherwise,
                 // register a WF obligation so that we can detect any additional
                 // errors in the self type.
-                if !(matches!(error, method::MethodError::NoMatch(_)) && ty.normalized.is_trait()) {
+                if !trait_missing_method {
                     self.register_wf_obligation(
                         ty.raw.into(),
                         qself.span,
                         traits::WellFormed(None),
                     );
                 }
+
+                // emit or cancel the diagnostic for bare traits
+                if span.edition().rust_2021() && let Some(mut diag) = self.tcx.sess.diagnostic().steal_diagnostic(qself.span, StashKey::TraitMissingMethod) {
+                    if trait_missing_method {
+                        // cancel the diag for bare traits when meeting `MyTrait::missing_method`
+                        diag.cancel();
+                    } else {
+                        diag.emit();
+                    }
+                }
+
                 if item_name.name != kw::Empty {
                     if let Some(mut e) = self.report_method_error(
                         span,
@@ -883,10 +906,12 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                         error,
                         None,
                         Expectation::NoExpectation,
+                        trait_missing_method && span.edition().rust_2021(), // emits missing method for trait only after edition 2021
                     ) {
                         e.emit();
                     }
                 }
+
                 result
             });
 
@@ -993,8 +1018,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             .typeck_results
             .borrow()
             .expr_ty_adjusted_opt(rcvr)
-            .and_then(|ty| expected.map(|expected_ty| expected_ty.peel_refs() == ty.peel_refs()))
-            .unwrap_or(false);
+            .zip(expected)
+            .is_some_and(|(ty, expected_ty)| expected_ty.peel_refs() == ty.peel_refs());
 
         let prev_call_mutates_and_returns_unit = || {
             self.typeck_results
@@ -1002,14 +1027,13 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                 .type_dependent_def_id(expr.hir_id)
                 .map(|def_id| self.tcx.fn_sig(def_id).skip_binder().skip_binder())
                 .and_then(|sig| sig.inputs_and_output.split_last())
-                .map(|(output, inputs)| {
+                .is_some_and(|(output, inputs)| {
                     output.is_unit()
                         && inputs
                             .get(0)
                             .and_then(|self_ty| self_ty.ref_mutability())
-                            .map_or(false, rustc_ast::Mutability::is_mut)
+                            .is_some_and(rustc_ast::Mutability::is_mut)
                 })
-                .unwrap_or(false)
         };
 
         if !(rcvr_has_the_expected_type || prev_call_mutates_and_returns_unit()) {
@@ -1176,16 +1200,20 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             }
         }
 
-        let has_self = path_segs
-            .last()
-            .map(|PathSeg(def_id, _)| tcx.generics_of(*def_id).has_self)
-            .unwrap_or(false);
+        let has_self =
+            path_segs.last().is_some_and(|PathSeg(def_id, _)| tcx.generics_of(*def_id).has_self);
 
         let (res, self_ctor_substs) = if let Res::SelfCtor(impl_def_id) = res {
             let ty = self.handle_raw_ty(span, tcx.at(span).type_of(impl_def_id).subst_identity());
             match ty.normalized.ty_adt_def() {
                 Some(adt_def) if adt_def.has_ctor() => {
                     let (ctor_kind, ctor_def_id) = adt_def.non_enum_variant().ctor.unwrap();
+                    // Check the visibility of the ctor.
+                    let vis = tcx.visibility(ctor_def_id);
+                    if !vis.is_accessible_from(tcx.parent_module(hir_id).to_def_id(), tcx) {
+                        tcx.sess
+                            .emit_err(CtorIsPrivate { span, def: tcx.def_path_str(adt_def.did()) });
+                    }
                     let new_res = Res::Def(DefKind::Ctor(CtorOf::Struct, ctor_kind), ctor_def_id);
                     let user_substs = Self::user_substs_for_adt(ty);
                     user_self_ty = user_substs.user_self_ty;
@@ -1358,7 +1386,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         // the referenced item.
         let ty = tcx.type_of(def_id);
         assert!(!substs.has_escaping_bound_vars());
-        assert!(!ty.0.has_escaping_bound_vars());
+        assert!(!ty.skip_binder().has_escaping_bound_vars());
         let ty_substituted = self.normalize(span, ty.subst(tcx, substs));
 
         if let Some(UserSelfTy { impl_def_id, self_ty }) = user_self_ty {
@@ -1438,10 +1466,33 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
     }
 
     /// Resolves `typ` by a single level if `typ` is a type variable.
+    ///
+    /// When the new solver is enabled, this will also attempt to normalize
+    /// the type if it's a projection (note that it will not deeply normalize
+    /// projections within the type, just the outermost layer of the type).
+    ///
     /// If no resolution is possible, then an error is reported.
     /// Numeric inference variables may be left unresolved.
     pub fn structurally_resolved_type(&self, sp: Span, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
-        let ty = self.resolve_vars_with_obligations(ty);
+        let mut ty = self.resolve_vars_with_obligations(ty);
+
+        if self.tcx.trait_solver_next()
+            && let ty::Alias(ty::Projection, _) = ty.kind()
+        {
+            match self
+                .at(&self.misc(sp), self.param_env)
+                .structurally_normalize(ty, &mut **self.fulfillment_cx.borrow_mut())
+            {
+                Ok(normalized_ty) => {
+                    ty = normalized_ty;
+                },
+                Err(errors) => {
+                    let guar = self.err_ctxt().report_fulfillment_errors(&errors);
+                    return self.tcx.ty_error(guar);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         if !ty.is_ty_var() {
             ty
         } else {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/checks.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/checks.rs
index c7011b23a7d..72c42f8e789 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/checks.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/checks.rs
@@ -876,7 +876,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         let mut errors = errors.into_iter().peekable();
         let mut only_extras_so_far = errors
             .peek()
-            .map_or(false, |first| matches!(first, Error::Extra(arg_idx) if arg_idx.index() == 0));
+            .is_some_and(|first| matches!(first, Error::Extra(arg_idx) if arg_idx.index() == 0));
         let mut suggestions = vec![];
         while let Some(error) = errors.next() {
             only_extras_so_far &= matches!(error, Error::Extra(_));
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/suggestions.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/suggestions.rs
index c4add4dbdfb..e19b0664461 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/suggestions.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/suggestions.rs
@@ -874,7 +874,15 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         let found = self.resolve_vars_with_obligations(found);
 
         let in_loop = self.is_loop(id)
-            || self.tcx.hir().parent_iter(id).any(|(parent_id, _)| self.is_loop(parent_id));
+            || self
+                .tcx
+                .hir()
+                .parent_iter(id)
+                .take_while(|(_, node)| {
+                    // look at parents until we find the first body owner
+                    node.body_id().is_none()
+                })
+                .any(|(parent_id, _)| self.is_loop(parent_id));
 
         let in_local_statement = self.is_local_statement(id)
             || self
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/generator_interior/drop_ranges/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/generator_interior/drop_ranges/mod.rs
index cd3966a1214..ecafbd668e2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/generator_interior/drop_ranges/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/generator_interior/drop_ranges/mod.rs
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ impl DropRanges {
             .get(&TrackedValue::Temporary(hir_id))
             .or(self.tracked_value_map.get(&TrackedValue::Variable(hir_id)))
             .cloned()
-            .map_or(false, |tracked_value_id| {
+            .is_some_and(|tracked_value_id| {
                 self.expect_node(location.into()).drop_state.contains(tracked_value_id)
             })
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/generator_interior/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/generator_interior/mod.rs
index 019fb86f55c..fb28233bfb1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/generator_interior/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/generator_interior/mod.rs
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InteriorVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
 
                     self.fcx
                         .need_type_info_err_in_generator(self.kind, span, unresolved_term)
-                        .span_note(yield_data.span, &*note)
+                        .span_note(yield_data.span, note)
                         .emit();
                 }
             } else {
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ pub fn resolve_interior<'a, 'tcx>(
                     },
                     _ => mk_bound_region(ty::BrAnon(None)),
                 };
-                let r = fcx.tcx.mk_re_late_bound(current_depth, br);
+                let r = ty::Region::new_late_bound(fcx.tcx, current_depth, br);
                 r
             });
             captured_tys.insert(ty).then(|| {
@@ -295,7 +295,11 @@ pub fn resolve_interior<'a, 'tcx>(
                     let var = ty::BoundVar::from_usize(bound_vars.len());
                     bound_vars.push(ty::BoundVariableKind::Region(kind));
                     counter += 1;
-                    fcx.tcx.mk_re_late_bound(ty::INNERMOST, ty::BoundRegion { var, kind })
+                    ty::Region::new_late_bound(
+                        fcx.tcx,
+                        ty::INNERMOST,
+                        ty::BoundRegion { var, kind },
+                    )
                 },
                 types: &mut |b| bug!("unexpected bound ty in binder: {b:?}"),
                 consts: &mut |b, ty| bug!("unexpected bound ct in binder: {b:?} {ty}"),
@@ -686,7 +690,7 @@ fn check_must_not_suspend_def(
                 // Add optional reason note
                 if let Some(note) = attr.value_str() {
                     // FIXME(guswynn): consider formatting this better
-                    lint.span_note(data.source_span, note.as_str());
+                    lint.span_note(data.source_span, note.to_string());
                 }
 
                 // Add some quick suggestions on what to do
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/inherited.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/inherited.rs
index 4110b176b41..294c3bb78a5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/inherited.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/inherited.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::LocalDefId;
 use rustc_hir::HirIdMap;
-use rustc_infer::infer::{DefiningAnchor, InferCtxt, InferOk, TyCtxtInferExt};
+use rustc_infer::infer::{InferCtxt, InferOk, TyCtxtInferExt};
+use rustc_middle::traits::DefiningAnchor;
 use rustc_middle::ty::visit::TypeVisitableExt;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_span::def_id::LocalDefIdMap;
@@ -130,7 +131,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Inherited<'tcx> {
         // (*) binder skipped
         if let ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Trait(tpred)) = obligation.predicate.kind().skip_binder()
             && let Some(ty) = self.shallow_resolve(tpred.self_ty()).ty_vid().map(|t| self.root_var(t))
-            && self.tcx.lang_items().sized_trait().map_or(false, |st| st != tpred.trait_ref.def_id)
+            && self.tcx.lang_items().sized_trait().is_some_and(|st| st != tpred.trait_ref.def_id)
         {
             let new_self_ty = self.tcx.types.unit;
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/lib.rs
index dcc323493f4..b97b55d8f7e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/lib.rs
@@ -68,11 +68,10 @@ use rustc_hir::{HirIdMap, Node};
 use rustc_hir_analysis::astconv::AstConv;
 use rustc_hir_analysis::check::check_abi;
 use rustc_infer::infer::type_variable::{TypeVariableOrigin, TypeVariableOriginKind};
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::traits;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_session::config;
-use rustc_session::Session;
 use rustc_span::def_id::{DefId, LocalDefId};
 use rustc_span::{sym, Span};
 
@@ -213,7 +212,7 @@ fn typeck_with_fallback<'tcx>(
         let fn_sig = tcx.liberate_late_bound_regions(def_id.to_def_id(), fn_sig);
         let fn_sig = fcx.normalize(body.value.span, fn_sig);
 
-        check_fn(&mut fcx, fn_sig, decl, def_id, body, None);
+        check_fn(&mut fcx, fn_sig, decl, def_id, body, None, tcx.features().unsized_fn_params);
     } else {
         let expected_type = if let Some(&hir::Ty { kind: hir::TyKind::Infer, span, .. }) = body_ty {
             Some(fcx.next_ty_var(TypeVariableOrigin {
@@ -438,8 +437,8 @@ enum TupleArgumentsFlag {
     TupleArguments,
 }
 
-fn fatally_break_rust(sess: &Session) {
-    let handler = sess.diagnostic();
+fn fatally_break_rust(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>) {
+    let handler = tcx.sess.diagnostic();
     handler.span_bug_no_panic(
         MultiSpan::new(),
         "It looks like you're trying to break rust; would you like some ICE?",
@@ -451,7 +450,7 @@ fn fatally_break_rust(sess: &Session) {
     );
     handler.note_without_error(format!(
         "rustc {} running on {}",
-        option_env!("CFG_VERSION").unwrap_or("unknown_version"),
+        tcx.sess.cfg_version,
         config::host_triple(),
     ));
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/mem_categorization.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/mem_categorization.rs
index f5fca14eca8..78171e0b20e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/mem_categorization.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/mem_categorization.rs
@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> MemCategorizationContext<'a, 'tcx> {
             }
 
             Res::Local(var_id) => {
-                if self.upvars.map_or(false, |upvars| upvars.contains_key(&var_id)) {
+                if self.upvars.is_some_and(|upvars| upvars.contains_key(&var_id)) {
                     self.cat_upvar(hir_id, var_id)
                 } else {
                     Ok(PlaceWithHirId::new(hir_id, expr_ty, PlaceBase::Local(var_id), Vec::new()))
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/confirm.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/confirm.rs
index 9155a3d8daa..98529b66602 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/confirm.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/confirm.rs
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ConfirmContext<'a, 'tcx> {
         let Some((ty, n)) = autoderef.nth(pick.autoderefs) else {
             return self.tcx.ty_error_with_message(
                 rustc_span::DUMMY_SP,
-                &format!("failed autoderef {}", pick.autoderefs),
+                format!("failed autoderef {}", pick.autoderefs),
             );
         };
         assert_eq!(n, pick.autoderefs);
@@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ConfirmContext<'a, 'tcx> {
             self_ty, method_self_ty, self.span, pick
         );
         let cause = self.cause(
-            self.span,
+            self.self_expr.span,
             ObligationCauseCode::UnifyReceiver(Box::new(UnifyReceiverContext {
                 assoc_item: pick.item,
                 param_env: self.param_env,
@@ -482,13 +482,22 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ConfirmContext<'a, 'tcx> {
             Ok(InferOk { obligations, value: () }) => {
                 self.register_predicates(obligations);
             }
-            Err(_) => {
-                span_bug!(
-                    self.span,
-                    "{} was a subtype of {} but now is not?",
-                    self_ty,
-                    method_self_ty
-                );
+            Err(terr) => {
+                // FIXME(arbitrary_self_types): We probably should limit the
+                // situations where this can occur by adding additional restrictions
+                // to the feature, like the self type can't reference method substs.
+                if self.tcx.features().arbitrary_self_types {
+                    self.err_ctxt()
+                        .report_mismatched_types(&cause, method_self_ty, self_ty, terr)
+                        .emit();
+                } else {
+                    span_bug!(
+                        self.span,
+                        "{} was a subtype of {} but now is not?",
+                        self_ty,
+                        method_self_ty
+                    );
+                }
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/mod.rs
index 5963a1632c5..6f4d674ba10 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/mod.rs
@@ -13,11 +13,12 @@ pub use self::MethodError::*;
 use crate::errors::OpMethodGenericParams;
 use crate::FnCtxt;
 use rustc_data_structures::sync::Lrc;
-use rustc_errors::{Applicability, Diagnostic};
+use rustc_errors::{Applicability, Diagnostic, SubdiagnosticMessage};
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def::{CtorOf, DefKind, Namespace};
 use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc_infer::infer::{self, InferOk};
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::traits::ObligationCause;
 use rustc_middle::ty::subst::{InternalSubsts, SubstsRef};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, GenericParamDefKind, Ty, TypeVisitableExt};
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ use rustc_trait_selection::traits::{self, NormalizeExt};
 
 use self::probe::{IsSuggestion, ProbeScope};
 
-pub fn provide(providers: &mut ty::query::Providers) {
+pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
     probe::provide(providers);
 }
 
@@ -129,7 +130,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
     pub(crate) fn suggest_method_call(
         &self,
         err: &mut Diagnostic,
-        msg: &str,
+        msg: impl Into<SubdiagnosticMessage> + std::fmt::Debug,
         method_name: Ident,
         self_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
         call_expr: &hir::Expr<'tcx>,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/probe.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/probe.rs
index 483e17460b3..9f3d35a77dc 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/probe.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/probe.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use super::CandidateSource;
 use super::MethodError;
 use super::NoMatchData;
 
-use crate::errors::MethodCallOnUnknownType;
+use crate::errors::MethodCallOnUnknownRawPointee;
 use crate::FnCtxt;
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashSet;
 use rustc_errors::Applicability;
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ use rustc_infer::infer::canonical::{Canonical, QueryResponse};
 use rustc_infer::infer::DefineOpaqueTypes;
 use rustc_infer::infer::{self, InferOk, TyCtxtInferExt};
 use rustc_middle::middle::stability;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::fast_reject::{simplify_type, TreatParams};
 use rustc_middle::ty::AssocItem;
 use rustc_middle::ty::GenericParamDefKind;
@@ -437,7 +438,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                 // so we do a future-compat lint here for the 2015 edition
                 // (see https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/46906)
                 if self.tcx.sess.rust_2018() {
-                    self.tcx.sess.emit_err(MethodCallOnUnknownType { span });
+                    self.tcx.sess.emit_err(MethodCallOnUnknownRawPointee { span });
                 } else {
                     self.tcx.struct_span_lint_hir(
                         lint::builtin::TYVAR_BEHIND_RAW_POINTER,
@@ -495,7 +496,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
-pub fn provide(providers: &mut ty::query::Providers) {
+pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
     providers.method_autoderef_steps = method_autoderef_steps;
 }
 
@@ -1193,7 +1194,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ProbeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                     pick.autoderefs += 1;
                     pick.autoref_or_ptr_adjustment = Some(AutorefOrPtrAdjustment::Autoref {
                         mutbl,
-                        unsize: pick.autoref_or_ptr_adjustment.map_or(false, |a| a.get_unsize()),
+                        unsize: pick.autoref_or_ptr_adjustment.is_some_and(|a| a.get_unsize()),
                     })
                 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/suggest.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/suggest.rs
index 486c217707e..9ee967dc7a9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/suggest.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/suggest.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 //! found or is otherwise invalid.
 
 use crate::errors;
+use crate::errors::CandidateTraitNote;
+use crate::errors::NoAssociatedItem;
 use crate::Expectation;
 use crate::FnCtxt;
 use rustc_ast::ast::Mutability;
@@ -38,6 +40,7 @@ use rustc_trait_selection::traits::query::evaluate_obligation::InferCtxtExt as _
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::{
     FulfillmentError, Obligation, ObligationCause, ObligationCauseCode,
 };
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 
 use super::probe::{AutorefOrPtrAdjustment, IsSuggestion, Mode, ProbeScope};
 use super::{CandidateSource, MethodError, NoMatchData};
@@ -112,6 +115,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         error: MethodError<'tcx>,
         args: Option<(&'tcx hir::Expr<'tcx>, &'tcx [hir::Expr<'tcx>])>,
         expected: Expectation<'tcx>,
+        trait_missing_method: bool,
     ) -> Option<DiagnosticBuilder<'_, ErrorGuaranteed>> {
         // Avoid suggestions when we don't know what's going on.
         if rcvr_ty.references_error() {
@@ -136,6 +140,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                     sugg_span,
                     &mut no_match_data,
                     expected,
+                    trait_missing_method,
                 );
             }
 
@@ -278,12 +283,17 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         sugg_span: Span,
         no_match_data: &mut NoMatchData<'tcx>,
         expected: Expectation<'tcx>,
+        trait_missing_method: bool,
     ) -> Option<DiagnosticBuilder<'_, ErrorGuaranteed>> {
         let mode = no_match_data.mode;
         let tcx = self.tcx;
         let rcvr_ty = self.resolve_vars_if_possible(rcvr_ty);
-        let (ty_str, ty_file) = tcx.short_ty_string(rcvr_ty);
-        let short_ty_str = with_forced_trimmed_paths!(rcvr_ty.to_string());
+        let ((mut ty_str, ty_file), short_ty_str) = if trait_missing_method
+            && let ty::Dynamic(predicates, _, _) = rcvr_ty.kind() {
+                ((predicates.to_string(), None), with_forced_trimmed_paths!(predicates.to_string()))
+            } else {
+                (tcx.short_ty_string(rcvr_ty), with_forced_trimmed_paths!(rcvr_ty.to_string()))
+            };
         let is_method = mode == Mode::MethodCall;
         let unsatisfied_predicates = &no_match_data.unsatisfied_predicates;
         let similar_candidate = no_match_data.similar_candidate;
@@ -346,7 +356,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             }
         }
 
-        let is_write = sugg_span.ctxt().outer_expn_data().macro_def_id.map_or(false, |def_id| {
+        let is_write = sugg_span.ctxt().outer_expn_data().macro_def_id.is_some_and(|def_id| {
             tcx.is_diagnostic_item(sym::write_macro, def_id)
                 || tcx.is_diagnostic_item(sym::writeln_macro, def_id)
         }) && item_name.name == Symbol::intern("write_fmt");
@@ -355,25 +365,28 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         {
             self.suggest_missing_writer(rcvr_ty, args)
         } else {
-            struct_span_err!(
-                tcx.sess,
+            tcx.sess.create_err(NoAssociatedItem {
                 span,
-                E0599,
-                "no {} named `{}` found for {} `{}` in the current scope",
                 item_kind,
                 item_name,
-                rcvr_ty.prefix_string(self.tcx),
-                ty_str_reported,
-            )
+                ty_prefix: if trait_missing_method {
+                    // FIXME(mu001999) E0599 maybe not suitable here because it is for types
+                    Cow::from("trait")
+                } else {
+                    rcvr_ty.prefix_string(self.tcx)
+                },
+                ty_str: ty_str_reported,
+                trait_missing_method,
+            })
         };
         if tcx.sess.source_map().is_multiline(sugg_span) {
             err.span_label(sugg_span.with_hi(span.lo()), "");
         }
-        let ty_str = if short_ty_str.len() < ty_str.len() && ty_str.len() > 10 {
-            short_ty_str
-        } else {
-            ty_str
-        };
+
+        if short_ty_str.len() < ty_str.len() && ty_str.len() > 10 {
+            ty_str = short_ty_str;
+        }
+
         if let Some(file) = ty_file {
             err.note(format!("the full type name has been written to '{}'", file.display(),));
         }
@@ -460,6 +473,12 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         let mut custom_span_label = false;
 
         let static_candidates = &mut no_match_data.static_candidates;
+
+        // `static_candidates` may have same candidates appended by
+        // inherent and extension, which may result in incorrect
+        // diagnostic.
+        static_candidates.dedup();
+
         if !static_candidates.is_empty() {
             err.note(
                 "found the following associated functions; to be used as methods, \
@@ -1067,6 +1086,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                 &static_candidates,
                 unsatisfied_bounds,
                 expected.only_has_type(self),
+                trait_missing_method,
             );
         }
 
@@ -1508,7 +1528,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
 
                     let span_included = match parent_expr.kind {
                         hir::ExprKind::Struct(_, eps, _) => {
-                            eps.len() > 0 && eps.last().map_or(false, |ep| ep.span.contains(span))
+                            eps.len() > 0 && eps.last().is_some_and(|ep| ep.span.contains(span))
                         }
                         // `..=` desugars into `::std::ops::RangeInclusive::new(...)`.
                         hir::ExprKind::Call(ref func, ..) => func.span.contains(span),
@@ -1767,7 +1787,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                                 ProbeScope::TraitsInScope,
                                 return_type,
                             )
-                            .map_or(false, |pick| {
+                            .is_ok_and(|pick| {
                                 !never_mention_traits
                                     .iter()
                                     .flatten()
@@ -2375,6 +2395,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         static_candidates: &[CandidateSource],
         unsatisfied_bounds: bool,
         return_type: Option<Ty<'tcx>>,
+        trait_missing_method: bool,
     ) {
         let mut alt_rcvr_sugg = false;
         if let (SelfSource::MethodCall(rcvr), false) = (source, unsatisfied_bounds) {
@@ -2453,7 +2474,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                         // implement the `AsRef` trait.
                         let skip = skippable.contains(&did)
                             || (("Pin::new" == *pre) && (sym::as_ref == item_name.name))
-                            || inputs_len.map_or(false, |inputs_len| pick.item.kind == ty::AssocKind::Fn && self.tcx.fn_sig(pick.item.def_id).skip_binder().skip_binder().inputs().len() != inputs_len);
+                            || inputs_len.is_some_and(|inputs_len| pick.item.kind == ty::AssocKind::Fn && self.tcx.fn_sig(pick.item.def_id).skip_binder().skip_binder().inputs().len() != inputs_len);
                         // Make sure the method is defined for the *actual* receiver: we don't
                         // want to treat `Box<Self>` as a receiver if it only works because of
                         // an autoderef to `&self`
@@ -2598,11 +2619,14 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                 },
                 _ => None,
             };
-            err.help(if param_type.is_some() {
-                "items from traits can only be used if the type parameter is bounded by the trait"
-            } else {
-                "items from traits can only be used if the trait is implemented and in scope"
-            });
+            if !trait_missing_method {
+                err.help(if param_type.is_some() {
+                    "items from traits can only be used if the type parameter is bounded by the trait"
+                } else {
+                    "items from traits can only be used if the trait is implemented and in scope"
+                });
+            }
+
             let candidates_len = candidates.len();
             let message = |action| {
                 format!(
@@ -2633,47 +2657,62 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                                 Nothing,
                             }
                             let ast_generics = hir.get_generics(id.owner.def_id).unwrap();
-                            let (sp, mut introducer) = if let Some(span) =
-                                ast_generics.bounds_span_for_suggestions(def_id)
-                            {
-                                (span, Introducer::Plus)
-                            } else if let Some(colon_span) = param.colon_span {
-                                (colon_span.shrink_to_hi(), Introducer::Nothing)
-                            } else {
-                                (param.span.shrink_to_hi(), Introducer::Colon)
-                            };
-                            if matches!(
-                                param.kind,
-                                hir::GenericParamKind::Type { synthetic: true, .. },
-                            ) {
-                                introducer = Introducer::Plus
-                            }
                             let trait_def_ids: FxHashSet<DefId> = ast_generics
                                 .bounds_for_param(def_id)
                                 .flat_map(|bp| bp.bounds.iter())
                                 .filter_map(|bound| bound.trait_ref()?.trait_def_id())
                                 .collect();
-                            if !candidates.iter().any(|t| trait_def_ids.contains(&t.def_id)) {
-                                err.span_suggestions(
-                                    sp,
-                                    message(format!(
-                                        "restrict type parameter `{}` with",
-                                        param.name.ident(),
-                                    )),
+                            if candidates.iter().any(|t| trait_def_ids.contains(&t.def_id)) {
+                                return;
+                            }
+                            let msg = message(format!(
+                                "restrict type parameter `{}` with",
+                                param.name.ident(),
+                            ));
+                            let bounds_span = ast_generics.bounds_span_for_suggestions(def_id);
+                            if rcvr_ty.is_ref() && param.is_impl_trait() && bounds_span.is_some() {
+                                err.multipart_suggestions(
+                                    msg,
                                     candidates.iter().map(|t| {
-                                        format!(
-                                            "{} {}",
-                                            match introducer {
-                                                Introducer::Plus => " +",
-                                                Introducer::Colon => ":",
-                                                Introducer::Nothing => "",
-                                            },
-                                            self.tcx.def_path_str(t.def_id),
-                                        )
+                                        vec![
+                                            (param.span.shrink_to_lo(), "(".to_string()),
+                                            (
+                                                bounds_span.unwrap(),
+                                                format!(" + {})", self.tcx.def_path_str(t.def_id)),
+                                            ),
+                                        ]
                                     }),
                                     Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
                                 );
+                                return;
                             }
+
+                            let (sp, introducer) = if let Some(span) = bounds_span {
+                                (span, Introducer::Plus)
+                            } else if let Some(colon_span) = param.colon_span {
+                                (colon_span.shrink_to_hi(), Introducer::Nothing)
+                            } else if param.is_impl_trait() {
+                                (param.span.shrink_to_hi(), Introducer::Plus)
+                            } else {
+                                (param.span.shrink_to_hi(), Introducer::Colon)
+                            };
+
+                            err.span_suggestions(
+                                sp,
+                                msg,
+                                candidates.iter().map(|t| {
+                                    format!(
+                                        "{} {}",
+                                        match introducer {
+                                            Introducer::Plus => " +",
+                                            Introducer::Colon => ":",
+                                            Introducer::Nothing => "",
+                                        },
+                                        self.tcx.def_path_str(t.def_id)
+                                    )
+                                }),
+                                Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
+                            );
                             return;
                         }
                         Node::Item(hir::Item {
@@ -2722,7 +2761,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                             let imp = self.tcx.impl_trait_ref(imp_did).unwrap().subst_identity();
                             let imp_simp =
                                 simplify_type(self.tcx, imp.self_ty(), TreatParams::ForLookup);
-                            imp_simp.map_or(false, |s| s == simp_rcvr_ty)
+                            imp_simp.is_some_and(|s| s == simp_rcvr_ty)
                         })
                     {
                         explicitly_negative.push(candidate);
@@ -2736,27 +2775,28 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                 (candidates, Vec::new())
             };
 
-            let action = if let Some(param) = param_type {
-                format!("restrict type parameter `{}` with", param)
-            } else {
-                // FIXME: it might only need to be imported into scope, not implemented.
-                "implement".to_string()
-            };
             match &potential_candidates[..] {
                 [] => {}
                 [trait_info] if trait_info.def_id.is_local() => {
-                    err.span_note(
-                        self.tcx.def_span(trait_info.def_id),
-                        format!(
-                            "`{}` defines an item `{}`, perhaps you need to {} it",
-                            self.tcx.def_path_str(trait_info.def_id),
-                            item_name,
-                            action
-                        ),
-                    );
+                    err.subdiagnostic(CandidateTraitNote {
+                        span: self.tcx.def_span(trait_info.def_id),
+                        trait_name: self.tcx.def_path_str(trait_info.def_id),
+                        item_name,
+                        action_or_ty: if trait_missing_method {
+                            "NONE".to_string()
+                        } else {
+                            param_type.map_or_else(
+                                || "implement".to_string(), // FIXME: it might only need to be imported into scope, not implemented.
+                                ToString::to_string,
+                            )
+                        },
+                    });
                 }
                 trait_infos => {
-                    let mut msg = message(action);
+                    let mut msg = message(param_type.map_or_else(
+                        || "implement".to_string(), // FIXME: it might only need to be imported into scope, not implemented.
+                        |param| format!("restrict type parameter `{}` with", param),
+                    ));
                     for (i, trait_info) in trait_infos.iter().enumerate() {
                         msg.push_str(&format!(
                             "\ncandidate #{}: `{}`",
@@ -2859,7 +2899,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             match ty.kind() {
                 ty::Adt(def, _) => def.did().is_local(),
                 ty::Foreign(did) => did.is_local(),
-                ty::Dynamic(tr, ..) => tr.principal().map_or(false, |d| d.def_id().is_local()),
+                ty::Dynamic(tr, ..) => tr.principal().is_some_and(|d| d.def_id().is_local()),
                 ty::Param(_) => true,
 
                 // Everything else (primitive types, etc.) is effectively
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/op.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/op.rs
index af351a3fa10..b8bf2b69120 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/op.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/op.rs
@@ -549,9 +549,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         let to_owned_msg = "create an owned `String` from a string reference";
 
         let string_type = self.tcx.lang_items().string();
-        let is_std_string = |ty: Ty<'tcx>| {
-            ty.ty_adt_def().map_or(false, |ty_def| Some(ty_def.did()) == string_type)
-        };
+        let is_std_string =
+            |ty: Ty<'tcx>| ty.ty_adt_def().is_some_and(|ty_def| Some(ty_def.did()) == string_type);
 
         match (lhs_ty.kind(), rhs_ty.kind()) {
             (&Ref(_, l_ty, _), &Ref(_, r_ty, _)) // &str or &String + &str, &String or &&str
@@ -760,8 +759,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             span,
             traits::BinOp {
                 rhs_span: opt_rhs_expr.map(|expr| expr.span),
-                is_lit: opt_rhs_expr
-                    .map_or(false, |expr| matches!(expr.kind, hir::ExprKind::Lit(_))),
+                is_lit: opt_rhs_expr.is_some_and(|expr| matches!(expr.kind, hir::ExprKind::Lit(_))),
                 output_ty: expected.only_has_type(self),
             },
         );
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/place_op.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/place_op.rs
index f217c5c1e1c..e2b1dc007ba 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/place_op.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/place_op.rs
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                         // If this is a union field, also throw an error for `DerefMut` of `ManuallyDrop` (see RFC 2514).
                         // This helps avoid accidental drops.
                         if inside_union
-                            && source.ty_adt_def().map_or(false, |adt| adt.is_manually_drop())
+                            && source.ty_adt_def().is_some_and(|adt| adt.is_manually_drop())
                         {
                             let mut err = self.tcx.sess.struct_span_err(
                                 expr.span,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/upvar.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/upvar.rs
index 543194ac9d6..9458099f56f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/upvar.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/upvar.rs
@@ -972,15 +972,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         let mut obligations_should_hold = Vec::new();
         // Checks if a root variable implements any of the auto traits
         for check_trait in auto_traits_def_id.iter() {
-            obligations_should_hold.push(
-                check_trait
-                    .map(|check_trait| {
-                        self.infcx
-                            .type_implements_trait(check_trait, [ty], self.param_env)
-                            .must_apply_modulo_regions()
-                    })
-                    .unwrap_or(false),
-            );
+            obligations_should_hold.push(check_trait.is_some_and(|check_trait| {
+                self.infcx
+                    .type_implements_trait(check_trait, [ty], self.param_env)
+                    .must_apply_modulo_regions()
+            }));
         }
 
         let mut problematic_captures = FxHashMap::default();
@@ -996,15 +992,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             // Checks if a capture implements any of the auto traits
             let mut obligations_holds_for_capture = Vec::new();
             for check_trait in auto_traits_def_id.iter() {
-                obligations_holds_for_capture.push(
-                    check_trait
-                        .map(|check_trait| {
-                            self.infcx
-                                .type_implements_trait(check_trait, [ty], self.param_env)
-                                .must_apply_modulo_regions()
-                        })
-                        .unwrap_or(false),
-                );
+                obligations_holds_for_capture.push(check_trait.is_some_and(|check_trait| {
+                    self.infcx
+                        .type_implements_trait(check_trait, [ty], self.param_env)
+                        .must_apply_modulo_regions()
+                }));
             }
 
             let mut capture_problems = FxHashSet::default();
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/writeback.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/writeback.rs
index cf95d4f04bb..964acc4eb77 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/writeback.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/writeback.rs
@@ -5,11 +5,10 @@
 use crate::FnCtxt;
 use hir::def_id::LocalDefId;
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashMap;
-use rustc_errors::ErrorGuaranteed;
+use rustc_errors::{ErrorGuaranteed, StashKey};
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::intravisit::{self, Visitor};
 use rustc_infer::infer::error_reporting::TypeAnnotationNeeded::E0282;
-use rustc_infer::infer::InferCtxt;
 use rustc_middle::hir::place::Place as HirPlace;
 use rustc_middle::mir::FakeReadCause;
 use rustc_middle::ty::adjustment::{Adjust, Adjustment, PointerCast};
@@ -83,10 +82,6 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         wbcx.typeck_results.treat_byte_string_as_slice =
             mem::take(&mut self.typeck_results.borrow_mut().treat_byte_string_as_slice);
 
-        if let Some(e) = self.tainted_by_errors() {
-            wbcx.typeck_results.tainted_by_errors = Some(e);
-        }
-
         debug!("writeback: typeck results for {:?} are {:#?}", item_def_id, wbcx.typeck_results);
 
         self.tcx.arena.alloc(wbcx.typeck_results)
@@ -119,12 +114,21 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> WritebackCx<'cx, 'tcx> {
     ) -> WritebackCx<'cx, 'tcx> {
         let owner = body.id().hir_id.owner;
 
-        WritebackCx {
+        let mut wbcx = WritebackCx {
             fcx,
             typeck_results: ty::TypeckResults::new(owner),
             body,
             rustc_dump_user_substs,
+        };
+
+        // HACK: We specifically don't want the (opaque) error from tainting our
+        // inference context. That'll prevent us from doing opaque type inference
+        // later on in borrowck, which affects diagnostic spans pretty negatively.
+        if let Some(e) = fcx.tainted_by_errors() {
+            wbcx.typeck_results.tainted_by_errors = Some(e);
         }
+
+        wbcx
     }
 
     fn tcx(&self) -> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
@@ -237,7 +241,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> WritebackCx<'cx, 'tcx> {
                     // error has been emitted. (#64638)
                     self.fcx.tcx.ty_error_with_message(
                         e.span,
-                        &format!("bad index {:?} for base: `{:?}`", index, base),
+                        format!("bad index {:?} for base: `{:?}`", index, base),
                     )
                 });
                 let index_ty = self.fcx.resolve_vars_if_possible(index_ty);
@@ -579,13 +583,22 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> WritebackCx<'cx, 'tcx> {
                 continue;
             }
 
-            let hidden_type = hidden_type.remap_generic_params_to_declaration_params(
-                opaque_type_key,
-                self.fcx.infcx.tcx,
-                true,
-            );
-
-            self.typeck_results.concrete_opaque_types.insert(opaque_type_key.def_id, hidden_type);
+            // Here we only detect impl trait definition conflicts when they
+            // are equal modulo regions.
+            if let Some(last_opaque_ty) = self
+                .typeck_results
+                .concrete_opaque_types
+                .insert(opaque_type_key, hidden_type)
+                && last_opaque_ty.ty != hidden_type.ty
+            {
+                assert!(!self.tcx().trait_solver_next());
+                hidden_type
+                    .report_mismatch(&last_opaque_ty, opaque_type_key.def_id, self.tcx())
+                    .stash(
+                        self.tcx().def_span(opaque_type_key.def_id),
+                        StashKey::OpaqueHiddenTypeMismatch,
+                    );
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -692,15 +705,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> WritebackCx<'cx, 'tcx> {
             fcx_typeck_results.offset_of_data().items_in_stable_order()
         {
             let hir_id = hir::HirId { owner: common_hir_owner, local_id };
-
-            if cfg!(debug_assertions) && container.has_infer() {
-                span_bug!(
-                    hir_id.to_span(self.fcx.tcx),
-                    "writeback: `{:?}` has inference variables",
-                    container
-                );
-            };
-
+            let container = self.resolve(container, &hir_id);
             self.typeck_results.offset_of_data_mut().insert(hir_id, (container, indices.clone()));
         }
     }
@@ -745,8 +750,7 @@ impl Locatable for hir::HirId {
 /// The Resolver. This is the type folding engine that detects
 /// unresolved types and so forth.
 struct Resolver<'cx, 'tcx> {
-    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-    infcx: &'cx InferCtxt<'tcx>,
+    fcx: &'cx FnCtxt<'cx, 'tcx>,
     span: &'cx dyn Locatable,
     body: &'tcx hir::Body<'tcx>,
 
@@ -760,18 +764,18 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> Resolver<'cx, 'tcx> {
         span: &'cx dyn Locatable,
         body: &'tcx hir::Body<'tcx>,
     ) -> Resolver<'cx, 'tcx> {
-        Resolver { tcx: fcx.tcx, infcx: fcx, span, body, replaced_with_error: None }
+        Resolver { fcx, span, body, replaced_with_error: None }
     }
 
     fn report_error(&self, p: impl Into<ty::GenericArg<'tcx>>) -> ErrorGuaranteed {
-        match self.tcx.sess.has_errors() {
+        match self.fcx.tcx.sess.has_errors() {
             Some(e) => e,
             None => self
-                .infcx
+                .fcx
                 .err_ctxt()
                 .emit_inference_failure_err(
-                    self.tcx.hir().body_owner_def_id(self.body.id()),
-                    self.span.to_span(self.tcx),
+                    self.fcx.tcx.hir().body_owner_def_id(self.body.id()),
+                    self.span.to_span(self.fcx.tcx),
                     p.into(),
                     E0282,
                     false,
@@ -803,40 +807,46 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeFolder<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for EraseEarlyRegions<'tcx> {
 
 impl<'cx, 'tcx> TypeFolder<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for Resolver<'cx, 'tcx> {
     fn interner(&self) -> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
-        self.tcx
+        self.fcx.tcx
     }
 
     fn fold_ty(&mut self, t: Ty<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
-        match self.infcx.fully_resolve(t) {
+        match self.fcx.fully_resolve(t) {
+            Ok(t) if self.fcx.tcx.trait_solver_next() => {
+                // We must normalize erasing regions here, since later lints
+                // expect that types that show up in the typeck are fully
+                // normalized.
+                self.fcx.tcx.try_normalize_erasing_regions(self.fcx.param_env, t).unwrap_or(t)
+            }
             Ok(t) => {
                 // Do not anonymize late-bound regions
                 // (e.g. keep `for<'a>` named `for<'a>`).
                 // This allows NLL to generate error messages that
                 // refer to the higher-ranked lifetime names written by the user.
-                EraseEarlyRegions { tcx: self.tcx }.fold_ty(t)
+                EraseEarlyRegions { tcx: self.fcx.tcx }.fold_ty(t)
             }
             Err(_) => {
                 debug!("Resolver::fold_ty: input type `{:?}` not fully resolvable", t);
                 let e = self.report_error(t);
                 self.replaced_with_error = Some(e);
-                self.interner().ty_error(e)
+                self.fcx.tcx.ty_error(e)
             }
         }
     }
 
     fn fold_region(&mut self, r: ty::Region<'tcx>) -> ty::Region<'tcx> {
         debug_assert!(!r.is_late_bound(), "Should not be resolving bound region.");
-        self.tcx.lifetimes.re_erased
+        self.fcx.tcx.lifetimes.re_erased
     }
 
     fn fold_const(&mut self, ct: ty::Const<'tcx>) -> ty::Const<'tcx> {
-        match self.infcx.fully_resolve(ct) {
-            Ok(ct) => self.tcx.erase_regions(ct),
+        match self.fcx.fully_resolve(ct) {
+            Ok(ct) => self.fcx.tcx.erase_regions(ct),
             Err(_) => {
                 debug!("Resolver::fold_const: input const `{:?}` not fully resolvable", ct);
                 let e = self.report_error(ct);
                 self.replaced_with_error = Some(e);
-                self.interner().const_error_with_guaranteed(ct.ty(), e)
+                self.fcx.tcx.const_error(ct.ty(), e)
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_incremental/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_incremental/messages.ftl
index b760620e3d4..9fa4e0fb27c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_incremental/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_incremental/messages.ftl
@@ -1,118 +1,118 @@
-incremental_unrecognized_depnode = unrecognized `DepNode` variant: {$name}
+incremental_assert_loaded =
+    we asserted that an existing incremental cache directory should be successfully loaded, but it was not
 
-incremental_missing_depnode = missing `DepNode` variant
+incremental_assert_not_loaded =
+    we asserted that the incremental cache should not be loaded, but it was loaded
 
-incremental_missing_if_this_changed = no `#[rustc_if_this_changed]` annotation detected
+incremental_assertion_auto =
+    `except` specified DepNodes that can not be affected for "{$name}": "{$e}"
 
-incremental_no_path = no path from `{$source}` to `{$target}`
+incremental_associated_value_expected = expected an associated value
 
-incremental_ok = OK
+incremental_associated_value_expected_for = associated value expected for `{$ident}`
 
-incremental_unknown_reuse_kind = unknown cgu-reuse-kind `{$kind}` specified
+incremental_canonicalize_path = incremental compilation: error canonicalizing path `{$path}`: {$err}
 
-incremental_missing_query_depgraph =
-    found CGU-reuse attribute but `-Zquery-dep-graph` was not specified
+incremental_cargo_help_1 =
+    incremental compilation can be disabled by setting the environment variable CARGO_INCREMENTAL=0 (see https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/profiles.html#incremental)
+incremental_cargo_help_2 =
+    the entire build directory can be changed to a different filesystem by setting the environment variable CARGO_TARGET_DIR to a different path (see https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/config.html#buildtarget-dir)
 
-incremental_malformed_cgu_name =
-    found malformed codegen unit name `{$user_path}`. codegen units names must always start with the name of the crate (`{$crate_name}` in this case).
+incremental_copy_workproduct_to_cache =
+    error copying object file `{$from}` to incremental directory as `{$to}`: {$err}
 
-incremental_no_module_named =
-    no module named `{$user_path}` (mangled: {$cgu_name}). available modules: {$cgu_names}
+incremental_create_dep_graph = failed to create dependency graph at `{$path}`: {$err}
 
-incremental_field_associated_value_expected = associated value expected for `{$name}`
+incremental_create_incr_comp_dir =
+    could not create incremental compilation {$tag} directory `{$path}`: {$err}
 
-incremental_no_field = no field `{$name}`
+incremental_create_lock =
+    incremental compilation: could not create session directory lock file: {$lock_err}
+incremental_create_new = failed to create {$name} at `{$path}`: {$err}
 
-incremental_assertion_auto =
-    `except` specified DepNodes that can not be affected for "{$name}": "{$e}"
+incremental_decode_incr_cache = could not decode incremental cache: {$err}
 
-incremental_undefined_clean_dirty_assertions_item =
-    clean/dirty auto-assertions not yet defined for Node::Item.node={$kind}
+incremental_delete_full = error deleting incremental compilation session directory `{$path}`: {$err}
 
-incremental_undefined_clean_dirty_assertions =
-    clean/dirty auto-assertions not yet defined for {$kind}
+incremental_delete_incompatible =
+    failed to delete invalidated or incompatible incremental compilation session directory contents `{$path}`: {$err}
 
-incremental_repeated_depnode_label = dep-node label `{$label}` is repeated
+incremental_delete_lock =
+    error deleting lock file for incremental compilation session directory `{$path}`: {$err}
 
-incremental_unrecognized_depnode_label = dep-node label `{$label}` not recognized
+incremental_delete_old = unable to delete old {$name} at `{$path}`: {$err}
 
-incremental_not_dirty = `{$dep_node_str}` should be dirty but is not
+incremental_delete_partial = failed to delete partly initialized session dir `{$path}`: {$err}
 
-incremental_not_clean = `{$dep_node_str}` should be clean but is not
+incremental_delete_workproduct = file-system error deleting outdated file `{$path}`: {$err}
 
-incremental_not_loaded = `{$dep_node_str}` should have been loaded from disk but it was not
+incremental_field_associated_value_expected = associated value expected for `{$name}`
 
-incremental_unknown_item = unknown item `{$name}`
+incremental_finalize = error finalizing incremental compilation session directory `{$path}`: {$err}
 
-incremental_no_cfg = no cfg attribute
+incremental_finalized_gc_failed =
+    failed to garbage collect finalized incremental compilation session directory `{$path}`: {$err}
 
-incremental_associated_value_expected_for = associated value expected for `{$ident}`
+incremental_hard_link_failed =
+    hard linking files in the incremental compilation cache failed. copying files instead. consider moving the cache directory to a file system which supports hard linking in session dir `{$path}`
 
-incremental_associated_value_expected = expected an associated value
+incremental_invalid_gc_failed =
+    failed to garbage collect invalid incremental compilation session directory `{$path}`: {$err}
 
-incremental_unchecked_clean = found unchecked `#[rustc_clean]` attribute
+incremental_load_dep_graph = could not load dep-graph from `{$path}`: {$err}
 
-incremental_delete_old = unable to delete old {$name} at `{$path}`: {$err}
+incremental_lock_unsupported =
+    the filesystem for the incremental path at {$session_dir} does not appear to support locking, consider changing the incremental path to a filesystem that supports locking or disable incremental compilation
+incremental_malformed_cgu_name =
+    found malformed codegen unit name `{$user_path}`. codegen units names must always start with the name of the crate (`{$crate_name}` in this case).
 
-incremental_create_new = failed to create {$name} at `{$path}`: {$err}
+incremental_missing_depnode = missing `DepNode` variant
 
-incremental_write_new = failed to write {$name} to `{$path}`: {$err}
+incremental_missing_if_this_changed = no `#[rustc_if_this_changed]` annotation detected
 
-incremental_canonicalize_path = incremental compilation: error canonicalizing path `{$path}`: {$err}
+incremental_missing_query_depgraph =
+    found CGU-reuse attribute but `-Zquery-dep-graph` was not specified
 
-incremental_create_incr_comp_dir =
-    could not create incremental compilation {$tag} directory `{$path}`: {$err}
+incremental_move_dep_graph = failed to move dependency graph from `{$from}` to `{$to}`: {$err}
 
-incremental_create_lock =
-    incremental compilation: could not create session directory lock file: {$lock_err}
-incremental_lock_unsupported =
-    the filesystem for the incremental path at {$session_dir} does not appear to support locking, consider changing the incremental path to a filesystem that supports locking or disable incremental compilation
-incremental_cargo_help_1 =
-    incremental compilation can be disabled by setting the environment variable CARGO_INCREMENTAL=0 (see https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/profiles.html#incremental)
-incremental_cargo_help_2 =
-    the entire build directory can be changed to a different filesystem by setting the environment variable CARGO_TARGET_DIR to a different path (see https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/config.html#buildtarget-dir)
+incremental_no_cfg = no cfg attribute
 
-incremental_delete_lock =
-    error deleting lock file for incremental compilation session directory `{$path}`: {$err}
+incremental_no_field = no field `{$name}`
 
-incremental_hard_link_failed =
-    hard linking files in the incremental compilation cache failed. copying files instead. consider moving the cache directory to a file system which supports hard linking in session dir `{$path}`
+incremental_no_module_named =
+    no module named `{$user_path}` (mangled: {$cgu_name}). available modules: {$cgu_names}
 
-incremental_delete_partial = failed to delete partly initialized session dir `{$path}`: {$err}
+incremental_no_path = no path from `{$source}` to `{$target}`
 
-incremental_delete_full = error deleting incremental compilation session directory `{$path}`: {$err}
+incremental_not_clean = `{$dep_node_str}` should be clean but is not
 
-incremental_finalize = error finalizing incremental compilation session directory `{$path}`: {$err}
+incremental_not_dirty = `{$dep_node_str}` should be dirty but is not
 
-incremental_invalid_gc_failed =
-    failed to garbage collect invalid incremental compilation session directory `{$path}`: {$err}
+incremental_not_loaded = `{$dep_node_str}` should have been loaded from disk but it was not
 
-incremental_finalized_gc_failed =
-    failed to garbage collect finalized incremental compilation session directory `{$path}`: {$err}
+incremental_ok = OK
+
+incremental_repeated_depnode_label = dep-node label `{$label}` is repeated
 
 incremental_session_gc_failed =
     failed to garbage collect incremental compilation session directory `{$path}`: {$err}
 
-incremental_assert_not_loaded =
-    we asserted that the incremental cache should not be loaded, but it was loaded
-
-incremental_assert_loaded =
-    we asserted that an existing incremental cache directory should be successfully loaded, but it was not
+incremental_unchecked_clean = found unchecked `#[rustc_clean]` attribute
 
-incremental_delete_incompatible =
-    failed to delete invalidated or incompatible incremental compilation session directory contents `{$path}`: {$err}
+incremental_undefined_clean_dirty_assertions =
+    clean/dirty auto-assertions not yet defined for {$kind}
 
-incremental_load_dep_graph = could not load dep-graph from `{$path}`: {$err}
+incremental_undefined_clean_dirty_assertions_item =
+    clean/dirty auto-assertions not yet defined for Node::Item.node={$kind}
 
-incremental_decode_incr_cache = could not decode incremental cache: {$err}
+incremental_unknown_item = unknown item `{$name}`
 
-incremental_write_dep_graph = failed to write dependency graph to `{$path}`: {$err}
+incremental_unknown_reuse_kind = unknown cgu-reuse-kind `{$kind}` specified
 
-incremental_move_dep_graph = failed to move dependency graph from `{$from}` to `{$to}`: {$err}
+incremental_unrecognized_depnode = unrecognized `DepNode` variant: {$name}
 
-incremental_create_dep_graph = failed to create dependency graph at `{$path}`: {$err}
+incremental_unrecognized_depnode_label = dep-node label `{$label}` not recognized
 
-incremental_copy_workproduct_to_cache =
-    error copying object file `{$from}` to incremental directory as `{$to}`: {$err}
+incremental_write_dep_graph = failed to write dependency graph to `{$path}`: {$err}
 
-incremental_delete_workproduct = file-system error deleting outdated file `{$path}`: {$err}
+incremental_write_new = failed to write {$name} to `{$path}`: {$err}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/file_format.rs b/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/file_format.rs
index dc981c6179e..25bf83f64a0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/file_format.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/file_format.rs
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ use rustc_data_structures::memmap::Mmap;
 use rustc_serialize::opaque::{FileEncodeResult, FileEncoder};
 use rustc_serialize::Encoder;
 use rustc_session::Session;
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::env;
 use std::fs;
 use std::io::{self, Read};
@@ -25,17 +26,12 @@ const FILE_MAGIC: &[u8] = b"RSIC";
 /// Change this if the header format changes.
 const HEADER_FORMAT_VERSION: u16 = 0;
 
-/// A version string that hopefully is always different for compiler versions
-/// with different encodings of incremental compilation artifacts. Contains
-/// the Git commit hash.
-const RUSTC_VERSION: Option<&str> = option_env!("CFG_VERSION");
-
-pub(crate) fn write_file_header(stream: &mut FileEncoder, nightly_build: bool) {
+pub(crate) fn write_file_header(stream: &mut FileEncoder, sess: &Session) {
     stream.emit_raw_bytes(FILE_MAGIC);
     stream
         .emit_raw_bytes(&[(HEADER_FORMAT_VERSION >> 0) as u8, (HEADER_FORMAT_VERSION >> 8) as u8]);
 
-    let rustc_version = rustc_version(nightly_build);
+    let rustc_version = rustc_version(sess.is_nightly_build(), sess.cfg_version);
     assert_eq!(rustc_version.len(), (rustc_version.len() as u8) as usize);
     stream.emit_raw_bytes(&[rustc_version.len() as u8]);
     stream.emit_raw_bytes(rustc_version.as_bytes());
@@ -73,7 +69,7 @@ where
         }
     };
 
-    write_file_header(&mut encoder, sess.is_nightly_build());
+    write_file_header(&mut encoder, sess);
 
     match encode(encoder) {
         Ok(position) => {
@@ -100,9 +96,10 @@ where
 /// - Returns `Err(..)` if some kind of IO error occurred while reading the
 ///   file.
 pub fn read_file(
-    report_incremental_info: bool,
     path: &Path,
-    nightly_build: bool,
+    report_incremental_info: bool,
+    is_nightly_build: bool,
+    cfg_version: &'static str,
 ) -> io::Result<Option<(Mmap, usize)>> {
     let file = match fs::File::open(path) {
         Ok(file) => file,
@@ -152,7 +149,7 @@ pub fn read_file(
         let mut buffer = vec![0; rustc_version_str_len];
         file.read_exact(&mut buffer)?;
 
-        if buffer != rustc_version(nightly_build).as_bytes() {
+        if buffer != rustc_version(is_nightly_build, cfg_version).as_bytes() {
             report_format_mismatch(report_incremental_info, path, "Different compiler version");
             return Ok(None);
         }
@@ -174,17 +171,15 @@ fn report_format_mismatch(report_incremental_info: bool, file: &Path, message: &
     }
 }
 
-fn rustc_version(nightly_build: bool) -> String {
+/// A version string that hopefully is always different for compiler versions
+/// with different encodings of incremental compilation artifacts. Contains
+/// the Git commit hash.
+fn rustc_version(nightly_build: bool, cfg_version: &'static str) -> Cow<'static, str> {
     if nightly_build {
-        if let Some(val) = env::var_os("RUSTC_FORCE_RUSTC_VERSION") {
-            return val.to_string_lossy().into_owned();
+        if let Ok(val) = env::var("RUSTC_FORCE_RUSTC_VERSION") {
+            return val.into();
         }
     }
 
-    RUSTC_VERSION
-        .expect(
-            "Cannot use rustc without explicit version for \
-                          incremental compilation",
-        )
-        .to_string()
+    cfg_version.into()
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/load.rs b/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/load.rs
index ec7fcbdf884..a4407a93ff3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/load.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/load.rs
@@ -73,12 +73,22 @@ impl<T: Default> LoadResult<T> {
     }
 }
 
-fn load_data(
-    report_incremental_info: bool,
+fn load_data(path: &Path, sess: &Session) -> LoadResult<(Mmap, usize)> {
+    load_data_no_sess(
+        path,
+        sess.opts.unstable_opts.incremental_info,
+        sess.is_nightly_build(),
+        sess.cfg_version,
+    )
+}
+
+fn load_data_no_sess(
     path: &Path,
-    nightly_build: bool,
+    report_incremental_info: bool,
+    is_nightly_build: bool,
+    cfg_version: &'static str,
 ) -> LoadResult<(Mmap, usize)> {
-    match file_format::read_file(report_incremental_info, path, nightly_build) {
+    match file_format::read_file(path, report_incremental_info, is_nightly_build, cfg_version) {
         Ok(Some(data_and_pos)) => LoadResult::Ok { data: data_and_pos },
         Ok(None) => {
             // The file either didn't exist or was produced by an incompatible
@@ -138,14 +148,13 @@ pub fn load_dep_graph(sess: &Session) -> DepGraphFuture {
     let expected_hash = sess.opts.dep_tracking_hash(false);
 
     let mut prev_work_products = FxHashMap::default();
-    let nightly_build = sess.is_nightly_build();
 
     // If we are only building with -Zquery-dep-graph but without an actual
     // incr. comp. session directory, we skip this. Otherwise we'd fail
     // when trying to load work products.
     if sess.incr_comp_session_dir_opt().is_some() {
         let work_products_path = work_products_path(sess);
-        let load_result = load_data(report_incremental_info, &work_products_path, nightly_build);
+        let load_result = load_data(&work_products_path, sess);
 
         if let LoadResult::Ok { data: (work_products_data, start_pos) } = load_result {
             // Decode the list of work_products
@@ -173,10 +182,13 @@ pub fn load_dep_graph(sess: &Session) -> DepGraphFuture {
         }
     }
 
+    let is_nightly_build = sess.is_nightly_build();
+    let cfg_version = sess.cfg_version;
+
     MaybeAsync::Async(std::thread::spawn(move || {
         let _prof_timer = prof.generic_activity("incr_comp_load_dep_graph");
 
-        match load_data(report_incremental_info, &path, nightly_build) {
+        match load_data_no_sess(&path, report_incremental_info, is_nightly_build, cfg_version) {
             LoadResult::DataOutOfDate => LoadResult::DataOutOfDate,
             LoadResult::LoadDepGraph(path, err) => LoadResult::LoadDepGraph(path, err),
             LoadResult::DecodeIncrCache(err) => LoadResult::DecodeIncrCache(err),
@@ -218,11 +230,7 @@ pub fn load_query_result_cache(sess: &Session) -> Option<OnDiskCache<'_>> {
 
     let _prof_timer = sess.prof.generic_activity("incr_comp_load_query_result_cache");
 
-    match load_data(
-        sess.opts.unstable_opts.incremental_info,
-        &query_cache_path(sess),
-        sess.is_nightly_build(),
-    ) {
+    match load_data(&query_cache_path(sess), sess) {
         LoadResult::Ok { data: (bytes, start_pos) } => {
             Some(OnDiskCache::new(sess, bytes, start_pos))
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/save.rs b/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/save.rs
index 1441e64e41f..7376be6be8b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/save.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_incremental/src/persist/save.rs
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ pub fn build_dep_graph(
         }
     };
 
-    file_format::write_file_header(&mut encoder, sess.is_nightly_build());
+    file_format::write_file_header(&mut encoder, sess);
 
     // First encode the commandline arguments hash
     sess.opts.dep_tracking_hash(false).encode(&mut encoder);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_index/src/bit_set.rs b/compiler/rustc_index/src/bit_set.rs
index a1ab9c8c5ec..15bc3b4e388 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_index/src/bit_set.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_index/src/bit_set.rs
@@ -1544,7 +1544,7 @@ impl<T: Idx> GrowableBitSet<T> {
     #[inline]
     pub fn contains(&self, elem: T) -> bool {
         let (word_index, mask) = word_index_and_mask(elem);
-        self.bit_set.words.get(word_index).map_or(false, |word| (word & mask) != 0)
+        self.bit_set.words.get(word_index).is_some_and(|word| (word & mask) != 0)
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -1818,7 +1818,7 @@ impl<R: Idx, C: Idx> SparseBitMatrix<R, C> {
     /// if the matrix represents (transitive) reachability, can
     /// `row` reach `column`?
     pub fn contains(&self, row: R, column: C) -> bool {
-        self.row(row).map_or(false, |r| r.contains(column))
+        self.row(row).is_some_and(|r| r.contains(column))
     }
 
     /// Adds the bits from row `read` to the bits from row `write`, and
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_index/src/interval.rs b/compiler/rustc_index/src/interval.rs
index 7ed4860c274..d3cf267dc9d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_index/src/interval.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_index/src/interval.rs
@@ -181,6 +181,30 @@ impl<I: Idx> IntervalSet<I> {
         self.map.is_empty()
     }
 
+    /// Equivalent to `range.iter().find(|i| !self.contains(i))`.
+    pub fn first_unset_in(&self, range: impl RangeBounds<I> + Clone) -> Option<I> {
+        let start = inclusive_start(range.clone());
+        let Some(end) = inclusive_end(self.domain, range) else {
+            // empty range
+            return None;
+        };
+        if start > end {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let Some(last) = self.map.partition_point(|r| r.0 <= start).checked_sub(1) else {
+            // All ranges in the map start after the new range's end
+            return Some(I::new(start as usize));
+        };
+        let (_, prev_end) = self.map[last];
+        if start > prev_end {
+            Some(I::new(start as usize))
+        } else if prev_end < end {
+            Some(I::new(prev_end as usize + 1))
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Returns the maximum (last) element present in the set from `range`.
     pub fn last_set_in(&self, range: impl RangeBounds<I> + Clone) -> Option<I> {
         let start = inclusive_start(range.clone());
@@ -224,7 +248,7 @@ impl<I: Idx> IntervalSet<I> {
     fn check_invariants(&self) -> bool {
         let mut current: Option<u32> = None;
         for (start, end) in &self.map {
-            if start > end || current.map_or(false, |x| x + 1 >= *start) {
+            if start > end || current.is_some_and(|x| x + 1 >= *start) {
                 return false;
             }
             current = Some(*end);
@@ -297,6 +321,6 @@ impl<R: Idx, C: Step + Idx> SparseIntervalMatrix<R, C> {
     }
 
     pub fn contains(&self, row: R, point: C) -> bool {
-        self.row(row).map_or(false, |r| r.contains(point))
+        self.row(row).is_some_and(|r| r.contains(point))
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_infer/messages.ftl
index fdc4ff0896f..f44c4a7c1e3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/messages.ftl
@@ -1,285 +1,72 @@
-infer_opaque_hidden_type =
-    opaque type's hidden type cannot be another opaque type from the same scope
-    .label = one of the two opaque types used here has to be outside its defining scope
-    .opaque_type = opaque type whose hidden type is being assigned
-    .hidden_type = opaque type being used as hidden type
-
-infer_type_annotations_needed = {$source_kind ->
-    [closure] type annotations needed for the closure `{$source_name}`
-    [normal] type annotations needed for `{$source_name}`
-    *[other] type annotations needed
-}
-    .label = type must be known at this point
-
-infer_label_bad = {$bad_kind ->
-    *[other] cannot infer type
-    [more_info] cannot infer {$prefix_kind ->
-        *[type] type for {$prefix}
-        [const_with_param] the value of const parameter
-        [const] the value of the constant
-    } `{$name}`{$has_parent ->
-        [true] {" "}declared on the {$parent_prefix} `{$parent_name}`
-        *[false] {""}
-    }
-}
-
-infer_source_kind_subdiag_let = {$kind ->
-    [with_pattern] consider giving `{$name}` an explicit type
-    [closure] consider giving this closure parameter an explicit type
-    *[other] consider giving this pattern a type
-}{$x_kind ->
-    [has_name] , where the {$prefix_kind ->
-        *[type] type for {$prefix}
-        [const_with_param] value of const parameter
-        [const] value of the constant
-    } `{$arg_name}` is specified
-    [underscore] , where the placeholders `_` are specified
-    *[empty] {""}
-}
-
-infer_source_kind_subdiag_generic_label =
-    cannot infer {$is_type ->
-    [true] type
-    *[false] the value
-    } of the {$is_type ->
-    [true] type
-    *[false] const
-    } {$parent_exists ->
-    [true] parameter `{$param_name}` declared on the {$parent_prefix} `{$parent_name}`
-    *[false] parameter {$param_name}
-    }
-
-infer_source_kind_subdiag_generic_suggestion =
-    consider specifying the generic {$arg_count ->
-    [one] argument
-    *[other] arguments
-    }
-
-infer_source_kind_fully_qualified =
-    try using a fully qualified path to specify the expected types
-
-infer_source_kind_closure_return =
-    try giving this closure an explicit return type
-
-# generator_kind  may need to be translated
-infer_need_type_info_in_generator =
-    type inside {$generator_kind ->
-    [async_block] `async` block
-    [async_closure] `async` closure
-    [async_fn] `async fn` body
-    *[generator] generator
-    } must be known in this context
-
-
-infer_subtype = ...so that the {$requirement ->
-    [method_compat] method type is compatible with trait
-    [type_compat] associated type is compatible with trait
-    [const_compat] const is compatible with trait
-    [expr_assignable] expression is assignable
-    [if_else_different] `if` and `else` have incompatible types
-    [no_else] `if` missing an `else` returns `()`
-    [fn_main_correct_type] `main` function has the correct type
-    [fn_start_correct_type] `#[start]` function has the correct type
-    [intrinsic_correct_type] intrinsic has the correct type
-    [method_correct_type] method receiver has the correct type
-    *[other] types are compatible
-}
-infer_subtype_2 = ...so that {$requirement ->
-    [method_compat] method type is compatible with trait
-    [type_compat] associated type is compatible with trait
-    [const_compat] const is compatible with trait
-    [expr_assignable] expression is assignable
-    [if_else_different] `if` and `else` have incompatible types
-    [no_else] `if` missing an `else` returns `()`
-    [fn_main_correct_type] `main` function has the correct type
-    [fn_start_correct_type] `#[start]` function has the correct type
-    [intrinsic_correct_type] intrinsic has the correct type
-    [method_correct_type] method receiver has the correct type
-    *[other] types are compatible
-}
-
-infer_reborrow = ...so that reference does not outlive borrowed content
-infer_reborrow_upvar = ...so that closure can access `{$name}`
-infer_relate_object_bound = ...so that it can be closed over into an object
-infer_reference_outlives_referent = ...so that the reference type `{$name}` does not outlive the data it points at
-infer_relate_param_bound = ...so that the type `{$name}` will meet its required lifetime bounds{$continues ->
-    [true] ...
+infer_actual_impl_expl_but_actually_implemented_for_ty = ...but `{$trait_path}` is actually implemented for the type `{$ty}`{$has_lifetime ->
+    [true] , for some specific lifetime `'{$lifetime}`
     *[false] {""}
 }
-infer_relate_param_bound_2 = ...that is required by this bound
-infer_relate_region_param_bound = ...so that the declared lifetime parameter bounds are satisfied
-infer_compare_impl_item_obligation = ...so that the definition in impl matches the definition from the trait
-infer_ascribe_user_type_prove_predicate = ...so that the where clause holds
-
-infer_nothing = {""}
-
-infer_lifetime_mismatch = lifetime mismatch
-
-infer_declared_different = this parameter and the return type are declared with different lifetimes...
-infer_data_returned = ...but data{$label_var1_exists ->
-    [true] {" "}from `{$label_var1}`
-    *[false] {""}
-} is returned here
-
-infer_data_lifetime_flow = ...but data with one lifetime flows into the other here
-infer_declared_multiple = this type is declared with multiple lifetimes...
-infer_types_declared_different = these two types are declared with different lifetimes...
-infer_data_flows = ...but data{$label_var1_exists ->
-    [true] {" "}from `{$label_var1}`
-    *[false] -> {""}
-} flows{$label_var2_exists ->
-    [true] {" "}into `{$label_var2}`
-    *[false] -> {""}
-} here
-
-infer_lifetime_param_suggestion = consider introducing a named lifetime parameter{$is_impl ->
-    [true] {" "}and update trait if needed
+infer_actual_impl_expl_but_actually_implements_trait = ...but it actually implements `{$trait_path}`{$has_lifetime ->
+    [true] , for some specific lifetime `'{$lifetime}`
     *[false] {""}
 }
-infer_lifetime_param_suggestion_elided = each elided lifetime in input position becomes a distinct lifetime
-
-infer_region_explanation = {$pref_kind ->
-    *[should_not_happen] [{$pref_kind}]
-    [ref_valid_for] ...the reference is valid for
-    [content_valid_for] ...but the borrowed content is only valid for
-    [type_obj_valid_for] object type is valid for
-    [source_pointer_valid_for] source pointer is only valid for
-    [type_satisfy] type must satisfy
-    [type_outlive] type must outlive
-    [lf_param_instantiated_with] lifetime parameter instantiated with
-    [lf_param_must_outlive] but lifetime parameter must outlive
-    [lf_instantiated_with] lifetime instantiated with
-    [lf_must_outlive] but lifetime must outlive
-    [pointer_valid_for] the pointer is valid for
-    [data_valid_for] but the referenced data is only valid for
-    [empty] {""}
-}{$pref_kind ->
-    [empty] {""}
-    *[other] {" "}
-}{$desc_kind ->
-    *[should_not_happen] [{$desc_kind}]
-    [restatic] the static lifetime
-    [revar] lifetime {$desc_arg}
-    [as_defined] the lifetime `{$desc_arg}` as defined here
-    [as_defined_anon] the anonymous lifetime as defined here
-    [defined_here] the anonymous lifetime defined here
-    [defined_here_reg] the lifetime `{$desc_arg}` as defined here
-}{$suff_kind ->
-    *[should_not_happen] [{$suff_kind}]
-    [empty]{""}
-    [continues] ...
-    [req_by_binding] {" "}as required by this binding
+infer_actual_impl_expl_but_actually_ty_implements = ...but `{$ty}` actually implements `{$trait_path}`{$has_lifetime ->
+    [true] , for some specific lifetime `'{$lifetime}`
+    *[false] {""}
 }
 
-infer_outlives_content = lifetime of reference outlives lifetime of borrowed content...
-infer_outlives_bound = lifetime of the source pointer does not outlive lifetime bound of the object type
-infer_fulfill_req_lifetime = the type `{$ty}` does not fulfill the required lifetime
-infer_lf_bound_not_satisfied = lifetime bound not satisfied
-infer_borrowed_too_long = a value of type `{$ty}` is borrowed for too long
-infer_ref_longer_than_data = in type `{$ty}`, reference has a longer lifetime than the data it references
-
-infer_mismatched_static_lifetime = incompatible lifetime on type
-infer_does_not_outlive_static_from_impl = ...does not necessarily outlive the static lifetime introduced by the compatible `impl`
-infer_implicit_static_lifetime_note = this has an implicit `'static` lifetime requirement
-infer_implicit_static_lifetime_suggestion = consider relaxing the implicit `'static` requirement
-infer_msl_introduces_static = introduces a `'static` lifetime requirement
-infer_msl_unmet_req = because this has an unmet lifetime requirement
-infer_msl_trait_note = this has an implicit `'static` lifetime requirement
-infer_msl_trait_sugg = consider relaxing the implicit `'static` requirement
-infer_suggest_add_let_for_letchains = consider adding `let`
-
-infer_explicit_lifetime_required_with_ident = explicit lifetime required in the type of `{$simple_ident}`
-    .label = lifetime `{$named}` required
-
-infer_explicit_lifetime_required_with_param_type = explicit lifetime required in parameter type
-    .label = lifetime `{$named}` required
-
-infer_explicit_lifetime_required_sugg_with_ident = add explicit lifetime `{$named}` to the type of `{$simple_ident}`
-
-infer_explicit_lifetime_required_sugg_with_param_type = add explicit lifetime `{$named}` to type
-
-infer_actual_impl_expl_expected_signature_two = {$leading_ellipsis ->
-    [true] ...
-    *[false] {""}
-}closure with signature `{$ty_or_sig}` must implement `{$trait_path}`, for any two lifetimes `'{$lifetime_1}` and `'{$lifetime_2}`...
-infer_actual_impl_expl_expected_signature_any = {$leading_ellipsis ->
+infer_actual_impl_expl_expected_other_any = {$leading_ellipsis ->
     [true] ...
     *[false] {""}
-}closure with signature `{$ty_or_sig}` must implement `{$trait_path}`, for any lifetime `'{$lifetime_1}`...
-infer_actual_impl_expl_expected_signature_some = {$leading_ellipsis ->
+}`{$ty_or_sig}` must implement `{$trait_path}`, for any lifetime `'{$lifetime_1}`...
+infer_actual_impl_expl_expected_other_nothing = {$leading_ellipsis ->
     [true] ...
     *[false] {""}
-}closure with signature `{$ty_or_sig}` must implement `{$trait_path}`, for some specific lifetime `'{$lifetime_1}`...
-infer_actual_impl_expl_expected_signature_nothing = {$leading_ellipsis ->
+}`{$ty_or_sig}` must implement `{$trait_path}`
+
+infer_actual_impl_expl_expected_other_some = {$leading_ellipsis ->
     [true] ...
     *[false] {""}
-}closure with signature `{$ty_or_sig}` must implement `{$trait_path}`
-infer_actual_impl_expl_expected_passive_two = {$leading_ellipsis ->
+}`{$ty_or_sig}` must implement `{$trait_path}`, for some specific lifetime `'{$lifetime_1}`...
+infer_actual_impl_expl_expected_other_two = {$leading_ellipsis ->
     [true] ...
     *[false] {""}
-}`{$trait_path}` would have to be implemented for the type `{$ty_or_sig}`, for any two lifetimes `'{$lifetime_1}` and `'{$lifetime_2}`...
+}`{$ty_or_sig}` must implement `{$trait_path}`, for any two lifetimes `'{$lifetime_1}` and `'{$lifetime_2}`...
 infer_actual_impl_expl_expected_passive_any = {$leading_ellipsis ->
     [true] ...
     *[false] {""}
 }`{$trait_path}` would have to be implemented for the type `{$ty_or_sig}`, for any lifetime `'{$lifetime_1}`...
-infer_actual_impl_expl_expected_passive_some = {$leading_ellipsis ->
-    [true] ...
-    *[false] {""}
-}`{$trait_path}` would have to be implemented for the type `{$ty_or_sig}`, for some specific lifetime `'{$lifetime_1}`...
 infer_actual_impl_expl_expected_passive_nothing = {$leading_ellipsis ->
     [true] ...
     *[false] {""}
 }`{$trait_path}` would have to be implemented for the type `{$ty_or_sig}`
-infer_actual_impl_expl_expected_other_two = {$leading_ellipsis ->
+infer_actual_impl_expl_expected_passive_some = {$leading_ellipsis ->
     [true] ...
     *[false] {""}
-}`{$ty_or_sig}` must implement `{$trait_path}`, for any two lifetimes `'{$lifetime_1}` and `'{$lifetime_2}`...
-infer_actual_impl_expl_expected_other_any = {$leading_ellipsis ->
+}`{$trait_path}` would have to be implemented for the type `{$ty_or_sig}`, for some specific lifetime `'{$lifetime_1}`...
+infer_actual_impl_expl_expected_passive_two = {$leading_ellipsis ->
     [true] ...
     *[false] {""}
-}`{$ty_or_sig}` must implement `{$trait_path}`, for any lifetime `'{$lifetime_1}`...
-infer_actual_impl_expl_expected_other_some = {$leading_ellipsis ->
+}`{$trait_path}` would have to be implemented for the type `{$ty_or_sig}`, for any two lifetimes `'{$lifetime_1}` and `'{$lifetime_2}`...
+infer_actual_impl_expl_expected_signature_any = {$leading_ellipsis ->
     [true] ...
     *[false] {""}
-}`{$ty_or_sig}` must implement `{$trait_path}`, for some specific lifetime `'{$lifetime_1}`...
-infer_actual_impl_expl_expected_other_nothing = {$leading_ellipsis ->
+}closure with signature `{$ty_or_sig}` must implement `{$trait_path}`, for any lifetime `'{$lifetime_1}`...
+infer_actual_impl_expl_expected_signature_nothing = {$leading_ellipsis ->
     [true] ...
     *[false] {""}
-}`{$ty_or_sig}` must implement `{$trait_path}`
-
-infer_actual_impl_expl_but_actually_implements_trait = ...but it actually implements `{$trait_path}`{$has_lifetime ->
-    [true] , for some specific lifetime `'{$lifetime}`
-    *[false] {""}
-}
-infer_actual_impl_expl_but_actually_implemented_for_ty = ...but `{$trait_path}` is actually implemented for the type `{$ty}`{$has_lifetime ->
-    [true] , for some specific lifetime `'{$lifetime}`
+}closure with signature `{$ty_or_sig}` must implement `{$trait_path}`
+infer_actual_impl_expl_expected_signature_some = {$leading_ellipsis ->
+    [true] ...
     *[false] {""}
-}
-infer_actual_impl_expl_but_actually_ty_implements = ...but `{$ty}` actually implements `{$trait_path}`{$has_lifetime ->
-    [true] , for some specific lifetime `'{$lifetime}`
+}closure with signature `{$ty_or_sig}` must implement `{$trait_path}`, for some specific lifetime `'{$lifetime_1}`...
+infer_actual_impl_expl_expected_signature_two = {$leading_ellipsis ->
+    [true] ...
     *[false] {""}
-}
-
-infer_trait_placeholder_mismatch = implementation of `{$trait_def_id}` is not general enough
-    .label_satisfy = doesn't satisfy where-clause
-    .label_where = due to a where-clause on `{$def_id}`...
-    .label_dup = implementation of `{$trait_def_id}` is not general enough
-
-infer_trait_impl_diff = `impl` item signature doesn't match `trait` item signature
-    .found = found `{$found}`
-    .expected = expected `{$expected}`
-    .expected_found = expected signature `{$expected}`
-               {"   "}found signature `{$found}`
-
-infer_tid_rel_help = verify the lifetime relationships in the `trait` and `impl` between the `self` argument, the other inputs and its output
-infer_tid_consider_borrowing = consider borrowing this type parameter in the trait
-infer_tid_param_help = the lifetime requirements from the `impl` do not correspond to the requirements in the `trait`
+}closure with signature `{$ty_or_sig}` must implement `{$trait_path}`, for any two lifetimes `'{$lifetime_1}` and `'{$lifetime_2}`...
+infer_ascribe_user_type_prove_predicate = ...so that the where clause holds
 
-infer_dtcs_has_lifetime_req_label = this has an implicit `'static` lifetime requirement
-infer_dtcs_introduces_requirement = calling this method introduces the `impl`'s `'static` requirement
-infer_dtcs_has_req_note = the used `impl` has a `'static` requirement
-infer_dtcs_suggestion = consider relaxing the implicit `'static` requirement
+infer_await_both_futures = consider `await`ing on both `Future`s
+infer_await_future = consider `await`ing on the `Future`
+infer_await_note = calling an async function returns a future
 
+infer_borrowed_too_long = a value of type `{$ty}` is borrowed for too long
 infer_but_calling_introduces = {$has_param_name ->
     [true] `{$param_name}`
     *[false] `fn` parameter
@@ -314,6 +101,77 @@ infer_but_needs_to_satisfy = {$has_param_name ->
     .used_here = ...is used here...
     .introduced_by_bound = `'static` lifetime requirement introduced by this bound
 
+infer_compare_impl_item_obligation = ...so that the definition in impl matches the definition from the trait
+infer_consider_specifying_length = consider specifying the actual array length
+infer_data_flows = ...but data{$label_var1_exists ->
+    [true] {" "}from `{$label_var1}`
+    *[false] -> {""}
+} flows{$label_var2_exists ->
+    [true] {" "}into `{$label_var2}`
+    *[false] -> {""}
+} here
+
+infer_data_lifetime_flow = ...but data with one lifetime flows into the other here
+infer_data_returned = ...but data{$label_var1_exists ->
+    [true] {" "}from `{$label_var1}`
+    *[false] {""}
+} is returned here
+
+infer_declared_different = this parameter and the return type are declared with different lifetimes...
+infer_declared_multiple = this type is declared with multiple lifetimes...
+infer_does_not_outlive_static_from_impl = ...does not necessarily outlive the static lifetime introduced by the compatible `impl`
+infer_dtcs_has_lifetime_req_label = this has an implicit `'static` lifetime requirement
+infer_dtcs_has_req_note = the used `impl` has a `'static` requirement
+infer_dtcs_introduces_requirement = calling this method introduces the `impl`'s `'static` requirement
+infer_dtcs_suggestion = consider relaxing the implicit `'static` requirement
+
+infer_explicit_lifetime_required_sugg_with_ident = add explicit lifetime `{$named}` to the type of `{$simple_ident}`
+
+infer_explicit_lifetime_required_sugg_with_param_type = add explicit lifetime `{$named}` to type
+
+infer_explicit_lifetime_required_with_ident = explicit lifetime required in the type of `{$simple_ident}`
+    .label = lifetime `{$named}` required
+
+infer_explicit_lifetime_required_with_param_type = explicit lifetime required in parameter type
+    .label = lifetime `{$named}` required
+
+infer_fn_consider_casting = consider casting the fn item to a fn pointer: `{$casting}`
+
+infer_fn_uniq_types = different fn items have unique types, even if their signatures are the same
+infer_fps_cast = consider casting to a fn pointer
+infer_fps_cast_both = consider casting both fn items to fn pointers using `as {$expected_sig}`
+
+infer_fps_items_are_distinct = fn items are distinct from fn pointers
+infer_fps_remove_ref = consider removing the reference
+infer_fps_use_ref = consider using a reference
+infer_fulfill_req_lifetime = the type `{$ty}` does not fulfill the required lifetime
+infer_implicit_static_lifetime_note = this has an implicit `'static` lifetime requirement
+infer_implicit_static_lifetime_suggestion = consider relaxing the implicit `'static` requirement
+infer_label_bad = {$bad_kind ->
+    *[other] cannot infer type
+    [more_info] cannot infer {$prefix_kind ->
+        *[type] type for {$prefix}
+        [const_with_param] the value of const parameter
+        [const] the value of the constant
+    } `{$name}`{$has_parent ->
+        [true] {" "}declared on the {$parent_prefix} `{$parent_name}`
+        *[false] {""}
+    }
+}
+
+infer_lf_bound_not_satisfied = lifetime bound not satisfied
+infer_lifetime_mismatch = lifetime mismatch
+
+infer_lifetime_param_suggestion = consider introducing a named lifetime parameter{$is_impl ->
+    [true] {" "}and update trait if needed
+    *[false] {""}
+}
+infer_lifetime_param_suggestion_elided = each elided lifetime in input position becomes a distinct lifetime
+
+infer_meant_byte_literal = if you meant to write a byte literal, prefix with `b`
+infer_meant_char_literal = if you meant to write a `char` literal, use single quotes
+infer_meant_str_literal = if you meant to write a `str` literal, use double quotes
+infer_mismatched_static_lifetime = incompatible lifetime on type
 infer_more_targeted = {$has_param_name ->
     [true] `{$param_name}`
     *[false] `fn` parameter
@@ -322,72 +180,215 @@ infer_more_targeted = {$has_param_name ->
     *[false] an anonymous lifetime `'_`
 } but calling `{$ident}` introduces an implicit `'static` lifetime requirement
 
-infer_ril_introduced_here = `'static` requirement introduced here
-infer_ril_introduced_by = requirement introduced by this return type
-infer_ril_because_of = because of this returned expression
-infer_ril_static_introduced_by = "`'static` lifetime requirement introduced by the return type
+infer_msl_introduces_static = introduces a `'static` lifetime requirement
+infer_msl_trait_note = this has an implicit `'static` lifetime requirement
+infer_msl_trait_sugg = consider relaxing the implicit `'static` requirement
+infer_msl_unmet_req = because this has an unmet lifetime requirement
+infer_need_type_info_in_generator =
+    type inside {$generator_kind ->
+    [async_block] `async` block
+    [async_closure] `async` closure
+    [async_fn] `async fn` body
+    *[generator] generator
+    } must be known in this context
 
-infer_where_remove = remove the `where` clause
-infer_where_copy_predicates = copy the `where` clause predicates from the trait
 
-infer_srs_remove_and_box = consider removing this semicolon and boxing the expressions
-infer_srs_remove = consider removing this semicolon
-infer_srs_add = consider returning the local binding `{$ident}`
-infer_srs_add_one = consider returning one of these bindings
+infer_nothing = {""}
 
-infer_await_both_futures = consider `await`ing on both `Future`s
-infer_await_future = consider `await`ing on the `Future`
-infer_await_note = calling an async function returns a future
+infer_oc_cant_coerce = cannot coerce intrinsics to function pointers
+infer_oc_closure_selfref = closure/generator type that references itself
+infer_oc_const_compat = const not compatible with trait
+infer_oc_fn_main_correct_type = `main` function has wrong type
+infer_oc_fn_start_correct_type = `#[start]` function has wrong type
+infer_oc_generic = mismatched types
 
+infer_oc_if_else_different = `if` and `else` have incompatible types
+infer_oc_intrinsic_correct_type = intrinsic has wrong type
+infer_oc_match_compat = `match` arms have incompatible types
+infer_oc_method_compat = method not compatible with trait
+infer_oc_method_correct_type = mismatched `self` parameter type
+infer_oc_no_diverge = `else` clause of `let...else` does not diverge
+infer_oc_no_else = `if` may be missing an `else` clause
+infer_oc_try_compat = `?` operator has incompatible types
+infer_oc_type_compat = type not compatible with trait
+infer_opaque_captures_lifetime = hidden type for `{$opaque_ty}` captures lifetime that does not appear in bounds
+    .label = opaque type defined here
+
+infer_opaque_hidden_type =
+    opaque type's hidden type cannot be another opaque type from the same scope
+    .label = one of the two opaque types used here has to be outside its defining scope
+    .opaque_type = opaque type whose hidden type is being assigned
+    .hidden_type = opaque type being used as hidden type
+
+infer_outlives_bound = lifetime of the source pointer does not outlive lifetime bound of the object type
+infer_outlives_content = lifetime of reference outlives lifetime of borrowed content...
 infer_prlf_defined_with_sub = the lifetime `{$sub_symbol}` defined here...
 infer_prlf_defined_without_sub = the lifetime defined here...
-infer_prlf_must_outlive_with_sup = ...must outlive the lifetime `{$sup_symbol}` defined here
-infer_prlf_must_outlive_without_sup = ...must outlive the lifetime defined here
 infer_prlf_known_limitation = this is a known limitation that will be removed in the future (see issue #100013 <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/100013> for more information)
 
-infer_opaque_captures_lifetime = hidden type for `{$opaque_ty}` captures lifetime that does not appear in bounds
-    .label = opaque type defined here
+infer_prlf_must_outlive_with_sup = ...must outlive the lifetime `{$sup_symbol}` defined here
+infer_prlf_must_outlive_without_sup = ...must outlive the lifetime defined here
+infer_reborrow = ...so that reference does not outlive borrowed content
+infer_reborrow_upvar = ...so that closure can access `{$name}`
+infer_ref_longer_than_data = in type `{$ty}`, reference has a longer lifetime than the data it references
 
-infer_fps_use_ref = consider using a reference
-infer_fps_remove_ref = consider removing the reference
-infer_fps_cast = consider casting to a fn pointer
-infer_fps_items_are_distinct = fn items are distinct from fn pointers
-infer_fps_cast_both = consider casting both fn items to fn pointers using `as {$expected_sig}`
+infer_reference_outlives_referent = ...so that the reference type `{$name}` does not outlive the data it points at
+infer_region_explanation = {$pref_kind ->
+    *[should_not_happen] [{$pref_kind}]
+    [ref_valid_for] ...the reference is valid for
+    [content_valid_for] ...but the borrowed content is only valid for
+    [type_obj_valid_for] object type is valid for
+    [source_pointer_valid_for] source pointer is only valid for
+    [type_satisfy] type must satisfy
+    [type_outlive] type must outlive
+    [lf_param_instantiated_with] lifetime parameter instantiated with
+    [lf_param_must_outlive] but lifetime parameter must outlive
+    [lf_instantiated_with] lifetime instantiated with
+    [lf_must_outlive] but lifetime must outlive
+    [pointer_valid_for] the pointer is valid for
+    [data_valid_for] but the referenced data is only valid for
+    [empty] {""}
+}{$pref_kind ->
+    [empty] {""}
+    *[other] {" "}
+}{$desc_kind ->
+    *[should_not_happen] [{$desc_kind}]
+    [restatic] the static lifetime
+    [revar] lifetime {$desc_arg}
+    [as_defined] the lifetime `{$desc_arg}` as defined here
+    [as_defined_anon] the anonymous lifetime as defined here
+    [defined_here] the anonymous lifetime defined here
+    [defined_here_reg] the lifetime `{$desc_arg}` as defined here
+}{$suff_kind ->
+    *[should_not_happen] [{$suff_kind}]
+    [empty]{""}
+    [continues] ...
+    [req_by_binding] {" "}as required by this binding
+}
 
-infer_fn_uniq_types = different fn items have unique types, even if their signatures are the same
-infer_fn_consider_casting = consider casting the fn item to a fn pointer: `{$casting}`
+infer_relate_object_bound = ...so that it can be closed over into an object
+infer_relate_param_bound = ...so that the type `{$name}` will meet its required lifetime bounds{$continues ->
+    [true] ...
+    *[false] {""}
+}
+infer_relate_param_bound_2 = ...that is required by this bound
+infer_relate_region_param_bound = ...so that the declared lifetime parameter bounds are satisfied
+infer_ril_because_of = because of this returned expression
+infer_ril_introduced_by = requirement introduced by this return type
+infer_ril_introduced_here = `'static` requirement introduced here
+infer_ril_static_introduced_by = "`'static` lifetime requirement introduced by the return type
 
 infer_sarwa_option = you can convert from `&Option<T>` to `Option<&T>` using `.as_ref()`
 infer_sarwa_result = you can convert from `&Result<T, E>` to `Result<&T, &E>` using `.as_ref()`
 
-infer_suggest_accessing_field = you might have meant to use field `{$name}` whose type is `{$ty}`
+infer_sbfrit_box_return_expr = if you change the return type to expect trait objects, box the returned expressions
 
 infer_sbfrit_change_return_type = you could change the return type to be a boxed trait object
-infer_sbfrit_box_return_expr = if you change the return type to expect trait objects, box the returned expressions
+infer_source_kind_closure_return =
+    try giving this closure an explicit return type
 
-infer_stp_wrap_one = try wrapping the pattern in `{$variant}`
+# generator_kind  may need to be translated
+infer_source_kind_fully_qualified =
+    try using a fully qualified path to specify the expected types
+
+infer_source_kind_subdiag_generic_label =
+    cannot infer {$is_type ->
+    [true] type
+    *[false] the value
+    } of the {$is_type ->
+    [true] type
+    *[false] const
+    } {$parent_exists ->
+    [true] parameter `{$param_name}` declared on the {$parent_prefix} `{$parent_name}`
+    *[false] parameter {$param_name}
+    }
+
+infer_source_kind_subdiag_generic_suggestion =
+    consider specifying the generic {$arg_count ->
+    [one] argument
+    *[other] arguments
+    }
+
+infer_source_kind_subdiag_let = {$kind ->
+    [with_pattern] consider giving `{$name}` an explicit type
+    [closure] consider giving this closure parameter an explicit type
+    *[other] consider giving this pattern a type
+}{$x_kind ->
+    [has_name] , where the {$prefix_kind ->
+        *[type] type for {$prefix}
+        [const_with_param] value of const parameter
+        [const] value of the constant
+    } `{$arg_name}` is specified
+    [underscore] , where the placeholders `_` are specified
+    *[empty] {""}
+}
+
+infer_srs_add = consider returning the local binding `{$ident}`
+infer_srs_add_one = consider returning one of these bindings
+
+infer_srs_remove = consider removing this semicolon
+infer_srs_remove_and_box = consider removing this semicolon and boxing the expressions
 infer_stp_wrap_many = try wrapping the pattern in a variant of `{$path}`
 
-infer_tuple_trailing_comma = use a trailing comma to create a tuple with one element
+infer_stp_wrap_one = try wrapping the pattern in `{$variant}`
+infer_subtype = ...so that the {$requirement ->
+    [method_compat] method type is compatible with trait
+    [type_compat] associated type is compatible with trait
+    [const_compat] const is compatible with trait
+    [expr_assignable] expression is assignable
+    [if_else_different] `if` and `else` have incompatible types
+    [no_else] `if` missing an `else` returns `()`
+    [fn_main_correct_type] `main` function has the correct type
+    [fn_start_correct_type] `#[start]` function has the correct type
+    [intrinsic_correct_type] intrinsic has the correct type
+    [method_correct_type] method receiver has the correct type
+    *[other] types are compatible
+}
+infer_subtype_2 = ...so that {$requirement ->
+    [method_compat] method type is compatible with trait
+    [type_compat] associated type is compatible with trait
+    [const_compat] const is compatible with trait
+    [expr_assignable] expression is assignable
+    [if_else_different] `if` and `else` have incompatible types
+    [no_else] `if` missing an `else` returns `()`
+    [fn_main_correct_type] `main` function has the correct type
+    [fn_start_correct_type] `#[start]` function has the correct type
+    [intrinsic_correct_type] intrinsic has the correct type
+    [method_correct_type] method receiver has the correct type
+    *[other] types are compatible
+}
 
-infer_oc_method_compat = method not compatible with trait
-infer_oc_type_compat = type not compatible with trait
-infer_oc_const_compat = const not compatible with trait
-infer_oc_try_compat = `?` operator has incompatible types
-infer_oc_match_compat = `match` arms have incompatible types
-infer_oc_if_else_different = `if` and `else` have incompatible types
-infer_oc_no_else = `if` may be missing an `else` clause
-infer_oc_no_diverge = `else` clause of `let...else` does not diverge
-infer_oc_fn_main_correct_type = `main` function has wrong type
-infer_oc_fn_start_correct_type = `#[start]` function has wrong type
-infer_oc_intrinsic_correct_type = intrinsic has wrong type
-infer_oc_method_correct_type = mismatched `self` parameter type
-infer_oc_closure_selfref = closure/generator type that references itself
-infer_oc_cant_coerce = cannot coerce intrinsics to function pointers
-infer_oc_generic = mismatched types
+infer_suggest_accessing_field = you might have meant to use field `{$name}` whose type is `{$ty}`
+
+infer_suggest_add_let_for_letchains = consider adding `let`
+
+infer_tid_consider_borrowing = consider borrowing this type parameter in the trait
+infer_tid_param_help = the lifetime requirements from the `impl` do not correspond to the requirements in the `trait`
+
+infer_tid_rel_help = verify the lifetime relationships in the `trait` and `impl` between the `self` argument, the other inputs and its output
+infer_trait_impl_diff = `impl` item signature doesn't match `trait` item signature
+    .found = found `{$found}`
+    .expected = expected `{$expected}`
+    .expected_found = expected signature `{$expected}`
+               {"   "}found signature `{$found}`
+
+infer_trait_placeholder_mismatch = implementation of `{$trait_def_id}` is not general enough
+    .label_satisfy = doesn't satisfy where-clause
+    .label_where = due to a where-clause on `{$def_id}`...
+    .label_dup = implementation of `{$trait_def_id}` is not general enough
 
-infer_meant_byte_literal = if you meant to write a byte literal, prefix with `b`
-infer_meant_char_literal = if you meant to write a `char` literal, use single quotes
-infer_meant_str_literal = if you meant to write a `str` literal, use double quotes
-infer_consider_specifying_length = consider specifying the actual array length
 infer_try_cannot_convert = `?` operator cannot convert from `{$found}` to `{$expected}`
+
+infer_tuple_trailing_comma = use a trailing comma to create a tuple with one element
+
+infer_type_annotations_needed = {$source_kind ->
+    [closure] type annotations needed for the closure `{$source_name}`
+    [normal] type annotations needed for `{$source_name}`
+    *[other] type annotations needed
+}
+    .label = type must be known at this point
+
+infer_types_declared_different = these two types are declared with different lifetimes...
+infer_where_copy_predicates = copy the `where` clause predicates from the trait
+
+infer_where_remove = remove the `where` clause
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/at.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/at.rs
index 0c8854e962a..6b2dd0a2b4f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/at.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/at.rs
@@ -70,8 +70,8 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
             tcx: self.tcx,
             defining_use_anchor: self.defining_use_anchor,
             considering_regions: self.considering_regions,
+            skip_leak_check: self.skip_leak_check,
             inner: self.inner.clone(),
-            skip_leak_check: self.skip_leak_check.clone(),
             lexical_region_resolutions: self.lexical_region_resolutions.clone(),
             selection_cache: self.selection_cache.clone(),
             evaluation_cache: self.evaluation_cache.clone(),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/canonicalizer.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/canonicalizer.rs
index 427d05c8b4d..bf53a73f398 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/canonicalizer.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/canonicalizer.rs
@@ -771,7 +771,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> Canonicalizer<'cx, 'tcx> {
     ) -> ty::Region<'tcx> {
         let var = self.canonical_var(info, r.into());
         let br = ty::BoundRegion { var, kind: ty::BrAnon(None) };
-        self.interner().mk_re_late_bound(self.binder_index, br)
+        ty::Region::new_late_bound(self.interner(), self.binder_index, br)
     }
 
     /// Given a type variable `ty_var` of the given kind, first check
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/mod.rs
index 2abdd5b0aec..c8c318c3f02 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/mod.rs
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
             CanonicalVarKind::PlaceholderRegion(ty::PlaceholderRegion { universe, bound }) => {
                 let universe_mapped = universe_map(universe);
                 let placeholder_mapped = ty::PlaceholderRegion { universe: universe_mapped, bound };
-                self.tcx.mk_re_placeholder(placeholder_mapped).into()
+                ty::Region::new_placeholder(self.tcx, placeholder_mapped).into()
             }
 
             CanonicalVarKind::Const(ui, ty) => self
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/query_response.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/query_response.rs
index 3605e10fecd..2cf8d8c702d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/query_response.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/query_response.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ use crate::infer::canonical::{
 use crate::infer::nll_relate::{TypeRelating, TypeRelatingDelegate};
 use crate::infer::region_constraints::{Constraint, RegionConstraintData};
 use crate::infer::{DefineOpaqueTypes, InferCtxt, InferOk, InferResult, NllRegionVariableOrigin};
-use crate::traits::query::{Fallible, NoSolution};
+use crate::traits::query::NoSolution;
 use crate::traits::{Obligation, ObligationCause, PredicateObligation};
 use crate::traits::{PredicateObligations, TraitEngine, TraitEngineExt};
 use rustc_data_structures::captures::Captures;
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
         inference_vars: CanonicalVarValues<'tcx>,
         answer: T,
         fulfill_cx: &mut dyn TraitEngine<'tcx>,
-    ) -> Fallible<CanonicalQueryResponse<'tcx, T>>
+    ) -> Result<CanonicalQueryResponse<'tcx, T>, NoSolution>
     where
         T: Debug + TypeFoldable<TyCtxt<'tcx>>,
         Canonical<'tcx, QueryResponse<'tcx, T>>: ArenaAllocatable<'tcx>,
@@ -153,20 +153,22 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
 
     /// Used by the new solver as that one takes the opaque types at the end of a probe
     /// to deal with multiple candidates without having to recompute them.
-    pub fn clone_opaque_types_for_query_response(&self) -> Vec<(Ty<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>)> {
+    pub fn clone_opaque_types_for_query_response(
+        &self,
+    ) -> Vec<(ty::OpaqueTypeKey<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>)> {
         self.inner
             .borrow()
             .opaque_type_storage
             .opaque_types
             .iter()
-            .map(|(k, v)| (self.tcx.mk_opaque(k.def_id.to_def_id(), k.substs), v.hidden_type.ty))
+            .map(|(k, v)| (*k, v.hidden_type.ty))
             .collect()
     }
 
-    fn take_opaque_types_for_query_response(&self) -> Vec<(Ty<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>)> {
+    fn take_opaque_types_for_query_response(&self) -> Vec<(ty::OpaqueTypeKey<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>)> {
         std::mem::take(&mut self.inner.borrow_mut().opaque_type_storage.opaque_types)
             .into_iter()
-            .map(|(k, v)| (self.tcx.mk_opaque(k.def_id.to_def_id(), k.substs), v.hidden_type.ty))
+            .map(|(k, v)| (k, v.hidden_type.ty))
             .collect()
     }
 
@@ -507,8 +509,22 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
             let a = substitute_value(self.tcx, &result_subst, a);
             let b = substitute_value(self.tcx, &result_subst, b);
             debug!(?a, ?b, "constrain opaque type");
-            obligations
-                .extend(self.at(cause, param_env).eq(DefineOpaqueTypes::Yes, a, b)?.obligations);
+            // We use equate here instead of, for example, just registering the
+            // opaque type's hidden value directly, because we may be instantiating
+            // a query response that was canonicalized in an InferCtxt that had
+            // a different defining anchor. In that case, we may have inferred
+            // `NonLocalOpaque := LocalOpaque` but can only instantiate it in
+            // the other direction as `LocalOpaque := NonLocalOpaque`. Using eq
+            // here allows us to try both directions (in `InferCtxt::handle_opaque_type`).
+            obligations.extend(
+                self.at(cause, param_env)
+                    .eq(
+                        DefineOpaqueTypes::Yes,
+                        self.tcx.mk_opaque(a.def_id.to_def_id(), a.substs),
+                        b,
+                    )?
+                    .obligations,
+            );
         }
 
         Ok(InferOk { value: result_subst, obligations })
@@ -652,14 +668,15 @@ pub fn make_query_region_constraints<'tcx>(
             let constraint = match *k {
                 // Swap regions because we are going from sub (<=) to outlives
                 // (>=).
-                Constraint::VarSubVar(v1, v2) => {
-                    ty::OutlivesPredicate(tcx.mk_re_var(v2).into(), tcx.mk_re_var(v1))
-                }
+                Constraint::VarSubVar(v1, v2) => ty::OutlivesPredicate(
+                    ty::Region::new_var(tcx, v2).into(),
+                    ty::Region::new_var(tcx, v1),
+                ),
                 Constraint::VarSubReg(v1, r2) => {
-                    ty::OutlivesPredicate(r2.into(), tcx.mk_re_var(v1))
+                    ty::OutlivesPredicate(r2.into(), ty::Region::new_var(tcx, v1))
                 }
                 Constraint::RegSubVar(r1, v2) => {
-                    ty::OutlivesPredicate(tcx.mk_re_var(v2).into(), r1)
+                    ty::OutlivesPredicate(ty::Region::new_var(tcx, v2).into(), r1)
                 }
                 Constraint::RegSubReg(r1, r2) => ty::OutlivesPredicate(r2.into(), r1),
             };
@@ -703,7 +720,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeRelatingDelegate<'tcx> for QueryTypeRelatingDelegate<'_, 'tcx> {
     }
 
     fn next_placeholder_region(&mut self, placeholder: ty::PlaceholderRegion) -> ty::Region<'tcx> {
-        self.infcx.tcx.mk_re_placeholder(placeholder)
+        ty::Region::new_placeholder(self.infcx.tcx, placeholder)
     }
 
     fn generalize_existential(&mut self, universe: ty::UniverseIndex) -> ty::Region<'tcx> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/combine.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/combine.rs
index 08eec0707c0..b6b935de68c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/combine.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/combine.rs
@@ -26,24 +26,17 @@ use super::equate::Equate;
 use super::glb::Glb;
 use super::lub::Lub;
 use super::sub::Sub;
-use super::type_variable::TypeVariableValue;
-use super::{DefineOpaqueTypes, InferCtxt, MiscVariable, TypeTrace};
+use super::{DefineOpaqueTypes, InferCtxt, TypeTrace};
+use crate::infer::generalize::{self, CombineDelegate, Generalization};
 use crate::traits::{Obligation, PredicateObligations};
-use rustc_data_structures::sso::SsoHashMap;
-use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc_middle::infer::canonical::OriginalQueryValues;
 use rustc_middle::infer::unify_key::{ConstVarValue, ConstVariableValue};
 use rustc_middle::infer::unify_key::{ConstVariableOrigin, ConstVariableOriginKind};
-use rustc_middle::traits::ObligationCause;
 use rustc_middle::ty::error::{ExpectedFound, TypeError};
-use rustc_middle::ty::relate::{self, Relate, RelateResult, TypeRelation};
-use rustc_middle::ty::subst::SubstsRef;
-use rustc_middle::ty::{
-    self, AliasKind, FallibleTypeFolder, InferConst, ToPredicate, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeFoldable,
-    TypeSuperFoldable, TypeVisitableExt,
-};
+use rustc_middle::ty::relate::{RelateResult, TypeRelation};
+use rustc_middle::ty::{self, AliasKind, InferConst, ToPredicate, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeVisitableExt};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{IntType, UintType};
-use rustc_span::{Span, DUMMY_SP};
+use rustc_span::DUMMY_SP;
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct CombineFields<'infcx, 'tcx> {
@@ -55,13 +48,6 @@ pub struct CombineFields<'infcx, 'tcx> {
     pub define_opaque_types: DefineOpaqueTypes,
 }
 
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
-pub enum RelationDir {
-    SubtypeOf,
-    SupertypeOf,
-    EqTo,
-}
-
 impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
     pub fn super_combine_tys<R>(
         &self,
@@ -127,10 +113,7 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
                 bug!()
             }
 
-            (_, ty::Alias(AliasKind::Projection | AliasKind::Inherent, _))
-            | (ty::Alias(AliasKind::Projection | AliasKind::Inherent, _), _)
-                if self.tcx.trait_solver_next() =>
-            {
+            (_, ty::Alias(..)) | (ty::Alias(..), _) if self.tcx.trait_solver_next() => {
                 relation.register_type_relate_obligation(a, b);
                 Ok(a)
             }
@@ -152,7 +135,7 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
                 Ok(a)
             }
 
-            _ => ty::relate::super_relate_tys(relation, a, b),
+            _ => ty::relate::structurally_relate_tys(relation, a, b),
         }
     }
 
@@ -209,13 +192,13 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
             // HACK: equating both sides with `[const error]` eagerly prevents us
             // from leaving unconstrained inference vars during things like impl
             // matching in the solver.
-            let a_error = self.tcx.const_error_with_guaranteed(a.ty(), guar);
+            let a_error = self.tcx.const_error(a.ty(), guar);
             if let ty::ConstKind::Infer(InferConst::Var(vid)) = a.kind() {
-                return self.unify_const_variable(vid, a_error);
+                return self.unify_const_variable(vid, a_error, relation.param_env());
             }
-            let b_error = self.tcx.const_error_with_guaranteed(b.ty(), guar);
+            let b_error = self.tcx.const_error(b.ty(), guar);
             if let ty::ConstKind::Infer(InferConst::Var(vid)) = b.kind() {
-                return self.unify_const_variable(vid, b_error);
+                return self.unify_const_variable(vid, b_error, relation.param_env());
             }
 
             return Ok(if relation.a_is_expected() { a_error } else { b_error });
@@ -237,11 +220,11 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
             }
 
             (ty::ConstKind::Infer(InferConst::Var(vid)), _) => {
-                return self.unify_const_variable(vid, b);
+                return self.unify_const_variable(vid, b, relation.param_env());
             }
 
             (_, ty::ConstKind::Infer(InferConst::Var(vid))) => {
-                return self.unify_const_variable(vid, a);
+                return self.unify_const_variable(vid, a, relation.param_env());
             }
             (ty::ConstKind::Unevaluated(..), _) | (_, ty::ConstKind::Unevaluated(..))
                 if self.tcx.lazy_normalization() =>
@@ -252,7 +235,7 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
             _ => {}
         }
 
-        ty::relate::super_relate_consts(relation, a, b)
+        ty::relate::structurally_relate_consts(relation, a, b)
     }
 
     /// Unifies the const variable `target_vid` with the given constant.
@@ -294,24 +277,17 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
         &self,
         target_vid: ty::ConstVid<'tcx>,
         ct: ty::Const<'tcx>,
+        param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
     ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Const<'tcx>> {
-        let (for_universe, span) = {
-            let mut inner = self.inner.borrow_mut();
-            let variable_table = &mut inner.const_unification_table();
-            let var_value = variable_table.probe_value(target_vid);
-            match var_value.val {
-                ConstVariableValue::Known { value } => {
-                    bug!("instantiating {:?} which has a known value {:?}", target_vid, value)
-                }
-                ConstVariableValue::Unknown { universe } => (universe, var_value.origin.span),
-            }
-        };
-        let value = ct.try_fold_with(&mut ConstInferUnifier {
-            infcx: self,
-            span,
-            for_universe,
+        let span =
+            self.inner.borrow_mut().const_unification_table().probe_value(target_vid).origin.span;
+        let Generalization { value, needs_wf: _ } = generalize::generalize(
+            self,
+            &mut CombineDelegate { infcx: self, span, param_env },
+            ct,
             target_vid,
-        })?;
+            ty::Variance::Invariant,
+        )?;
 
         self.inner.borrow_mut().const_unification_table().union_value(
             target_vid,
@@ -392,12 +368,10 @@ impl<'infcx, 'tcx> CombineFields<'infcx, 'tcx> {
     pub fn instantiate(
         &mut self,
         a_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
-        dir: RelationDir,
+        ambient_variance: ty::Variance,
         b_vid: ty::TyVid,
         a_is_expected: bool,
     ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ()> {
-        use self::RelationDir::*;
-
         // Get the actual variable that b_vid has been inferred to
         debug_assert!(self.infcx.inner.borrow_mut().type_variables().probe(b_vid).is_unknown());
 
@@ -412,7 +386,18 @@ impl<'infcx, 'tcx> CombineFields<'infcx, 'tcx> {
         // `'?2` and `?3` are fresh region/type inference
         // variables. (Down below, we will relate `a_ty <: b_ty`,
         // adding constraints like `'x: '?2` and `?1 <: ?3`.)
-        let Generalization { ty: b_ty, needs_wf } = self.generalize(a_ty, b_vid, dir)?;
+        let Generalization { value: b_ty, needs_wf } = generalize::generalize(
+            self.infcx,
+            &mut CombineDelegate {
+                infcx: self.infcx,
+                param_env: self.param_env,
+                span: self.trace.span(),
+            },
+            a_ty,
+            b_vid,
+            ambient_variance,
+        )?;
+
         debug!(?b_ty);
         self.infcx.inner.borrow_mut().type_variables().instantiate(b_vid, b_ty);
 
@@ -431,78 +416,23 @@ impl<'infcx, 'tcx> CombineFields<'infcx, 'tcx> {
         // relations wind up attributed to the same spans. We need
         // to associate causes/spans with each of the relations in
         // the stack to get this right.
-        match dir {
-            EqTo => self.equate(a_is_expected).relate(a_ty, b_ty),
-            SubtypeOf => self.sub(a_is_expected).relate(a_ty, b_ty),
-            SupertypeOf => self.sub(a_is_expected).relate_with_variance(
+        match ambient_variance {
+            ty::Variance::Invariant => self.equate(a_is_expected).relate(a_ty, b_ty),
+            ty::Variance::Covariant => self.sub(a_is_expected).relate(a_ty, b_ty),
+            ty::Variance::Contravariant => self.sub(a_is_expected).relate_with_variance(
                 ty::Contravariant,
                 ty::VarianceDiagInfo::default(),
                 a_ty,
                 b_ty,
             ),
+            ty::Variance::Bivariant => {
+                unreachable!("no code should be generalizing bivariantly (currently)")
+            }
         }?;
 
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    /// Attempts to generalize `ty` for the type variable `for_vid`.
-    /// This checks for cycle -- that is, whether the type `ty`
-    /// references `for_vid`. The `dir` is the "direction" for which we
-    /// a performing the generalization (i.e., are we producing a type
-    /// that can be used as a supertype etc).
-    ///
-    /// Preconditions:
-    ///
-    /// - `for_vid` is a "root vid"
-    #[instrument(skip(self), level = "trace", ret)]
-    fn generalize(
-        &self,
-        ty: Ty<'tcx>,
-        for_vid: ty::TyVid,
-        dir: RelationDir,
-    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, Generalization<'tcx>> {
-        // Determine the ambient variance within which `ty` appears.
-        // The surrounding equation is:
-        //
-        //     ty [op] ty2
-        //
-        // where `op` is either `==`, `<:`, or `:>`. This maps quite
-        // naturally.
-        let ambient_variance = match dir {
-            RelationDir::EqTo => ty::Invariant,
-            RelationDir::SubtypeOf => ty::Covariant,
-            RelationDir::SupertypeOf => ty::Contravariant,
-        };
-
-        trace!(?ambient_variance);
-
-        let for_universe = match self.infcx.inner.borrow_mut().type_variables().probe(for_vid) {
-            v @ TypeVariableValue::Known { .. } => {
-                bug!("instantiating {:?} which has a known value {:?}", for_vid, v,)
-            }
-            TypeVariableValue::Unknown { universe } => universe,
-        };
-
-        trace!(?for_universe);
-        trace!(?self.trace);
-
-        let mut generalize = Generalizer {
-            infcx: self.infcx,
-            cause: &self.trace.cause,
-            for_vid_sub_root: self.infcx.inner.borrow_mut().type_variables().sub_root_var(for_vid),
-            for_universe,
-            ambient_variance,
-            needs_wf: false,
-            root_ty: ty,
-            param_env: self.param_env,
-            cache: SsoHashMap::new(),
-        };
-
-        let ty = generalize.relate(ty, ty)?;
-        let needs_wf = generalize.needs_wf;
-        Ok(Generalization { ty, needs_wf })
-    }
-
     pub fn register_obligations(&mut self, obligations: PredicateObligations<'tcx>) {
         self.obligations.extend(obligations.into_iter());
     }
@@ -514,313 +444,6 @@ impl<'infcx, 'tcx> CombineFields<'infcx, 'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
-struct Generalizer<'cx, 'tcx> {
-    infcx: &'cx InferCtxt<'tcx>,
-
-    /// The span, used when creating new type variables and things.
-    cause: &'cx ObligationCause<'tcx>,
-
-    /// The vid of the type variable that is in the process of being
-    /// instantiated; if we find this within the type we are folding,
-    /// that means we would have created a cyclic type.
-    for_vid_sub_root: ty::TyVid,
-
-    /// The universe of the type variable that is in the process of
-    /// being instantiated. Any fresh variables that we create in this
-    /// process should be in that same universe.
-    for_universe: ty::UniverseIndex,
-
-    /// Track the variance as we descend into the type.
-    ambient_variance: ty::Variance,
-
-    /// See the field `needs_wf` in `Generalization`.
-    needs_wf: bool,
-
-    /// The root type that we are generalizing. Used when reporting cycles.
-    root_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
-
-    param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
-
-    cache: SsoHashMap<Ty<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>>,
-}
-
-/// Result from a generalization operation. This includes
-/// not only the generalized type, but also a bool flag
-/// indicating whether further WF checks are needed.
-#[derive(Debug)]
-struct Generalization<'tcx> {
-    ty: Ty<'tcx>,
-
-    /// If true, then the generalized type may not be well-formed,
-    /// even if the source type is well-formed, so we should add an
-    /// additional check to enforce that it is. This arises in
-    /// particular around 'bivariant' type parameters that are only
-    /// constrained by a where-clause. As an example, imagine a type:
-    ///
-    ///     struct Foo<A, B> where A: Iterator<Item = B> {
-    ///         data: A
-    ///     }
-    ///
-    /// here, `A` will be covariant, but `B` is
-    /// unconstrained. However, whatever it is, for `Foo` to be WF, it
-    /// must be equal to `A::Item`. If we have an input `Foo<?A, ?B>`,
-    /// then after generalization we will wind up with a type like
-    /// `Foo<?C, ?D>`. When we enforce that `Foo<?A, ?B> <: Foo<?C,
-    /// ?D>` (or `>:`), we will wind up with the requirement that `?A
-    /// <: ?C`, but no particular relationship between `?B` and `?D`
-    /// (after all, we do not know the variance of the normalized form
-    /// of `A::Item` with respect to `A`). If we do nothing else, this
-    /// may mean that `?D` goes unconstrained (as in #41677). So, in
-    /// this scenario where we create a new type variable in a
-    /// bivariant context, we set the `needs_wf` flag to true. This
-    /// will force the calling code to check that `WF(Foo<?C, ?D>)`
-    /// holds, which in turn implies that `?C::Item == ?D`. So once
-    /// `?C` is constrained, that should suffice to restrict `?D`.
-    needs_wf: bool,
-}
-
-impl<'tcx> TypeRelation<'tcx> for Generalizer<'_, 'tcx> {
-    fn tcx(&self) -> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
-        self.infcx.tcx
-    }
-
-    fn param_env(&self) -> ty::ParamEnv<'tcx> {
-        self.param_env
-    }
-
-    fn tag(&self) -> &'static str {
-        "Generalizer"
-    }
-
-    fn a_is_expected(&self) -> bool {
-        true
-    }
-
-    fn binders<T>(
-        &mut self,
-        a: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
-        b: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
-    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<'tcx, T>>
-    where
-        T: Relate<'tcx>,
-    {
-        Ok(a.rebind(self.relate(a.skip_binder(), b.skip_binder())?))
-    }
-
-    fn relate_item_substs(
-        &mut self,
-        item_def_id: DefId,
-        a_subst: SubstsRef<'tcx>,
-        b_subst: SubstsRef<'tcx>,
-    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, SubstsRef<'tcx>> {
-        if self.ambient_variance == ty::Variance::Invariant {
-            // Avoid fetching the variance if we are in an invariant
-            // context; no need, and it can induce dependency cycles
-            // (e.g., #41849).
-            relate::relate_substs(self, a_subst, b_subst)
-        } else {
-            let tcx = self.tcx();
-            let opt_variances = tcx.variances_of(item_def_id);
-            relate::relate_substs_with_variances(
-                self,
-                item_def_id,
-                &opt_variances,
-                a_subst,
-                b_subst,
-                true,
-            )
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn relate_with_variance<T: Relate<'tcx>>(
-        &mut self,
-        variance: ty::Variance,
-        _info: ty::VarianceDiagInfo<'tcx>,
-        a: T,
-        b: T,
-    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, T> {
-        let old_ambient_variance = self.ambient_variance;
-        self.ambient_variance = self.ambient_variance.xform(variance);
-
-        let result = self.relate(a, b);
-        self.ambient_variance = old_ambient_variance;
-        result
-    }
-
-    fn tys(&mut self, t: Ty<'tcx>, t2: Ty<'tcx>) -> RelateResult<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>> {
-        assert_eq!(t, t2); // we are abusing TypeRelation here; both LHS and RHS ought to be ==
-
-        if let Some(&result) = self.cache.get(&t) {
-            return Ok(result);
-        }
-        debug!("generalize: t={:?}", t);
-
-        // Check to see whether the type we are generalizing references
-        // any other type variable related to `vid` via
-        // subtyping. This is basically our "occurs check", preventing
-        // us from creating infinitely sized types.
-        let result = match *t.kind() {
-            ty::Infer(ty::TyVar(vid)) => {
-                let vid = self.infcx.inner.borrow_mut().type_variables().root_var(vid);
-                let sub_vid = self.infcx.inner.borrow_mut().type_variables().sub_root_var(vid);
-                if sub_vid == self.for_vid_sub_root {
-                    // If sub-roots are equal, then `for_vid` and
-                    // `vid` are related via subtyping.
-                    Err(TypeError::CyclicTy(self.root_ty))
-                } else {
-                    let probe = self.infcx.inner.borrow_mut().type_variables().probe(vid);
-                    match probe {
-                        TypeVariableValue::Known { value: u } => {
-                            debug!("generalize: known value {:?}", u);
-                            self.relate(u, u)
-                        }
-                        TypeVariableValue::Unknown { universe } => {
-                            match self.ambient_variance {
-                                // Invariant: no need to make a fresh type variable.
-                                ty::Invariant => {
-                                    if self.for_universe.can_name(universe) {
-                                        return Ok(t);
-                                    }
-                                }
-
-                                // Bivariant: make a fresh var, but we
-                                // may need a WF predicate. See
-                                // comment on `needs_wf` field for
-                                // more info.
-                                ty::Bivariant => self.needs_wf = true,
-
-                                // Co/contravariant: this will be
-                                // sufficiently constrained later on.
-                                ty::Covariant | ty::Contravariant => (),
-                            }
-
-                            let origin =
-                                *self.infcx.inner.borrow_mut().type_variables().var_origin(vid);
-                            let new_var_id = self
-                                .infcx
-                                .inner
-                                .borrow_mut()
-                                .type_variables()
-                                .new_var(self.for_universe, origin);
-                            let u = self.tcx().mk_ty_var(new_var_id);
-
-                            // Record that we replaced `vid` with `new_var_id` as part of a generalization
-                            // operation. This is needed to detect cyclic types. To see why, see the
-                            // docs in the `type_variables` module.
-                            self.infcx.inner.borrow_mut().type_variables().sub(vid, new_var_id);
-                            debug!("generalize: replacing original vid={:?} with new={:?}", vid, u);
-                            Ok(u)
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            ty::Infer(ty::IntVar(_) | ty::FloatVar(_)) => {
-                // No matter what mode we are in,
-                // integer/floating-point types must be equal to be
-                // relatable.
-                Ok(t)
-            }
-            ty::Alias(ty::Opaque, ty::AliasTy { def_id, substs, .. }) => {
-                let s = self.relate(substs, substs)?;
-                Ok(if s == substs { t } else { self.infcx.tcx.mk_opaque(def_id, s) })
-            }
-            _ => relate::super_relate_tys(self, t, t),
-        }?;
-
-        self.cache.insert(t, result);
-        Ok(result)
-    }
-
-    fn regions(
-        &mut self,
-        r: ty::Region<'tcx>,
-        r2: ty::Region<'tcx>,
-    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Region<'tcx>> {
-        assert_eq!(r, r2); // we are abusing TypeRelation here; both LHS and RHS ought to be ==
-
-        debug!("generalize: regions r={:?}", r);
-
-        match *r {
-            // Never make variables for regions bound within the type itself,
-            // nor for erased regions.
-            ty::ReLateBound(..) | ty::ReErased => {
-                return Ok(r);
-            }
-
-            ty::ReError(_) => {
-                return Ok(r);
-            }
-
-            ty::RePlaceholder(..)
-            | ty::ReVar(..)
-            | ty::ReStatic
-            | ty::ReEarlyBound(..)
-            | ty::ReFree(..) => {
-                // see common code below
-            }
-        }
-
-        // If we are in an invariant context, we can re-use the region
-        // as is, unless it happens to be in some universe that we
-        // can't name. (In the case of a region *variable*, we could
-        // use it if we promoted it into our universe, but we don't
-        // bother.)
-        if let ty::Invariant = self.ambient_variance {
-            let r_universe = self.infcx.universe_of_region(r);
-            if self.for_universe.can_name(r_universe) {
-                return Ok(r);
-            }
-        }
-
-        // FIXME: This is non-ideal because we don't give a
-        // very descriptive origin for this region variable.
-        Ok(self.infcx.next_region_var_in_universe(MiscVariable(self.cause.span), self.for_universe))
-    }
-
-    fn consts(
-        &mut self,
-        c: ty::Const<'tcx>,
-        c2: ty::Const<'tcx>,
-    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Const<'tcx>> {
-        assert_eq!(c, c2); // we are abusing TypeRelation here; both LHS and RHS ought to be ==
-
-        match c.kind() {
-            ty::ConstKind::Infer(InferConst::Var(vid)) => {
-                let mut inner = self.infcx.inner.borrow_mut();
-                let variable_table = &mut inner.const_unification_table();
-                let var_value = variable_table.probe_value(vid);
-                match var_value.val {
-                    ConstVariableValue::Known { value: u } => {
-                        drop(inner);
-                        self.relate(u, u)
-                    }
-                    ConstVariableValue::Unknown { universe } => {
-                        if self.for_universe.can_name(universe) {
-                            Ok(c)
-                        } else {
-                            let new_var_id = variable_table.new_key(ConstVarValue {
-                                origin: var_value.origin,
-                                val: ConstVariableValue::Unknown { universe: self.for_universe },
-                            });
-                            Ok(self.tcx().mk_const(new_var_id, c.ty()))
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            ty::ConstKind::Unevaluated(ty::UnevaluatedConst { def, substs }) => {
-                let substs = self.relate_with_variance(
-                    ty::Variance::Invariant,
-                    ty::VarianceDiagInfo::default(),
-                    substs,
-                    substs,
-                )?;
-                Ok(self.tcx().mk_const(ty::UnevaluatedConst { def, substs }, c.ty()))
-            }
-            _ => relate::super_relate_consts(self, c, c),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 pub trait ObligationEmittingRelation<'tcx>: TypeRelation<'tcx> {
     /// Register obligations that must hold in order for this relation to hold
     fn register_obligations(&mut self, obligations: PredicateObligations<'tcx>);
@@ -873,135 +496,3 @@ fn float_unification_error<'tcx>(
     let (ty::FloatVarValue(a), ty::FloatVarValue(b)) = v;
     TypeError::FloatMismatch(ExpectedFound::new(a_is_expected, a, b))
 }
-
-struct ConstInferUnifier<'cx, 'tcx> {
-    infcx: &'cx InferCtxt<'tcx>,
-
-    span: Span,
-
-    for_universe: ty::UniverseIndex,
-
-    /// The vid of the const variable that is in the process of being
-    /// instantiated; if we find this within the const we are folding,
-    /// that means we would have created a cyclic const.
-    target_vid: ty::ConstVid<'tcx>,
-}
-
-impl<'tcx> FallibleTypeFolder<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for ConstInferUnifier<'_, 'tcx> {
-    type Error = TypeError<'tcx>;
-
-    fn interner(&self) -> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
-        self.infcx.tcx
-    }
-
-    #[instrument(level = "debug", skip(self), ret)]
-    fn try_fold_ty(&mut self, t: Ty<'tcx>) -> Result<Ty<'tcx>, TypeError<'tcx>> {
-        match t.kind() {
-            &ty::Infer(ty::TyVar(vid)) => {
-                let vid = self.infcx.inner.borrow_mut().type_variables().root_var(vid);
-                let probe = self.infcx.inner.borrow_mut().type_variables().probe(vid);
-                match probe {
-                    TypeVariableValue::Known { value: u } => {
-                        debug!("ConstOccursChecker: known value {:?}", u);
-                        u.try_fold_with(self)
-                    }
-                    TypeVariableValue::Unknown { universe } => {
-                        if self.for_universe.can_name(universe) {
-                            return Ok(t);
-                        }
-
-                        let origin =
-                            *self.infcx.inner.borrow_mut().type_variables().var_origin(vid);
-                        let new_var_id = self
-                            .infcx
-                            .inner
-                            .borrow_mut()
-                            .type_variables()
-                            .new_var(self.for_universe, origin);
-                        Ok(self.interner().mk_ty_var(new_var_id))
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            ty::Infer(ty::IntVar(_) | ty::FloatVar(_)) => Ok(t),
-            _ => t.try_super_fold_with(self),
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[instrument(level = "debug", skip(self), ret)]
-    fn try_fold_region(
-        &mut self,
-        r: ty::Region<'tcx>,
-    ) -> Result<ty::Region<'tcx>, TypeError<'tcx>> {
-        debug!("ConstInferUnifier: r={:?}", r);
-
-        match *r {
-            // Never make variables for regions bound within the type itself,
-            // nor for erased regions.
-            ty::ReLateBound(..) | ty::ReErased | ty::ReError(_) => {
-                return Ok(r);
-            }
-
-            ty::RePlaceholder(..)
-            | ty::ReVar(..)
-            | ty::ReStatic
-            | ty::ReEarlyBound(..)
-            | ty::ReFree(..) => {
-                // see common code below
-            }
-        }
-
-        let r_universe = self.infcx.universe_of_region(r);
-        if self.for_universe.can_name(r_universe) {
-            return Ok(r);
-        } else {
-            // FIXME: This is non-ideal because we don't give a
-            // very descriptive origin for this region variable.
-            Ok(self.infcx.next_region_var_in_universe(MiscVariable(self.span), self.for_universe))
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[instrument(level = "debug", skip(self), ret)]
-    fn try_fold_const(&mut self, c: ty::Const<'tcx>) -> Result<ty::Const<'tcx>, TypeError<'tcx>> {
-        match c.kind() {
-            ty::ConstKind::Infer(InferConst::Var(vid)) => {
-                // Check if the current unification would end up
-                // unifying `target_vid` with a const which contains
-                // an inference variable which is unioned with `target_vid`.
-                //
-                // Not doing so can easily result in stack overflows.
-                if self
-                    .infcx
-                    .inner
-                    .borrow_mut()
-                    .const_unification_table()
-                    .unioned(self.target_vid, vid)
-                {
-                    return Err(TypeError::CyclicConst(c));
-                }
-
-                let var_value =
-                    self.infcx.inner.borrow_mut().const_unification_table().probe_value(vid);
-                match var_value.val {
-                    ConstVariableValue::Known { value: u } => u.try_fold_with(self),
-                    ConstVariableValue::Unknown { universe } => {
-                        if self.for_universe.can_name(universe) {
-                            Ok(c)
-                        } else {
-                            let new_var_id =
-                                self.infcx.inner.borrow_mut().const_unification_table().new_key(
-                                    ConstVarValue {
-                                        origin: var_value.origin,
-                                        val: ConstVariableValue::Unknown {
-                                            universe: self.for_universe,
-                                        },
-                                    },
-                                );
-                            Ok(self.interner().mk_const(new_var_id, c.ty()))
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            _ => c.try_super_fold_with(self),
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/equate.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/equate.rs
index f90f7674b55..42dfe4f6bb8 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/equate.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/equate.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use crate::infer::DefineOpaqueTypes;
 use crate::traits::PredicateObligations;
 
-use super::combine::{CombineFields, ObligationEmittingRelation, RelationDir};
+use super::combine::{CombineFields, ObligationEmittingRelation};
 use super::Subtype;
 
 use rustc_middle::ty::relate::{self, Relate, RelateResult, TypeRelation};
@@ -88,11 +88,11 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeRelation<'tcx> for Equate<'_, '_, 'tcx> {
             }
 
             (&ty::Infer(TyVar(a_id)), _) => {
-                self.fields.instantiate(b, RelationDir::EqTo, a_id, self.a_is_expected)?;
+                self.fields.instantiate(b, ty::Invariant, a_id, self.a_is_expected)?;
             }
 
             (_, &ty::Infer(TyVar(b_id))) => {
-                self.fields.instantiate(a, RelationDir::EqTo, b_id, self.a_is_expected)?;
+                self.fields.instantiate(a, ty::Invariant, b_id, self.a_is_expected)?;
             }
 
             (
@@ -104,7 +104,8 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeRelation<'tcx> for Equate<'_, '_, 'tcx> {
             (&ty::Alias(ty::Opaque, ty::AliasTy { def_id, .. }), _)
             | (_, &ty::Alias(ty::Opaque, ty::AliasTy { def_id, .. }))
                 if self.fields.define_opaque_types == DefineOpaqueTypes::Yes
-                    && def_id.is_local() =>
+                    && def_id.is_local()
+                    && !self.tcx().trait_solver_next() =>
             {
                 self.fields.obligations.extend(
                     infcx
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/mod.rs
index ce70f39cc40..f8a253c8949 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/mod.rs
@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ use rustc_middle::ty::{
 };
 use rustc_span::{sym, symbol::kw, BytePos, DesugaringKind, Pos, Span};
 use rustc_target::spec::abi;
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::ops::{ControlFlow, Deref};
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 use std::{cmp, fmt, iter};
@@ -1470,7 +1471,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
         &self,
         diag: &mut Diagnostic,
         cause: &ObligationCause<'tcx>,
-        secondary_span: Option<(Span, String)>,
+        secondary_span: Option<(Span, Cow<'static, str>)>,
         mut values: Option<ValuePairs<'tcx>>,
         terr: TypeError<'tcx>,
         swap_secondary_and_primary: bool,
@@ -1629,7 +1630,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
             }
         };
 
-        let mut label_or_note = |span: Span, msg: &str| {
+        let mut label_or_note = |span: Span, msg: Cow<'static, str>| {
             if (prefer_label && is_simple_error) || &[span] == diag.span.primary_spans() {
                 diag.span_label(span, msg);
             } else {
@@ -1643,15 +1644,15 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                     ..
                 })) = values
                 {
-                    format!("expected this to be `{}`", expected)
+                    Cow::from(format!("expected this to be `{}`", expected))
                 } else {
-                    terr.to_string(self.tcx).to_string()
+                    terr.to_string(self.tcx)
                 };
-                label_or_note(sp, &terr);
-                label_or_note(span, &msg);
+                label_or_note(sp, terr);
+                label_or_note(span, msg);
             } else {
-                label_or_note(span, &terr.to_string(self.tcx));
-                label_or_note(sp, &msg);
+                label_or_note(span, terr.to_string(self.tcx));
+                label_or_note(sp, msg);
             }
         } else {
             if let Some(values) = values
@@ -1663,12 +1664,12 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                 let expected = with_forced_trimmed_paths!(e.sort_string(self.tcx));
                 let found = with_forced_trimmed_paths!(f.sort_string(self.tcx));
                 if expected == found {
-                    label_or_note(span, &terr.to_string(self.tcx));
+                    label_or_note(span, terr.to_string(self.tcx));
                 } else {
-                    label_or_note(span, &format!("expected {expected}, found {found}"));
+                    label_or_note(span, Cow::from(format!("expected {expected}, found {found}")));
                 }
             } else {
-                label_or_note(span, &terr.to_string(self.tcx));
+                label_or_note(span, terr.to_string(self.tcx));
             }
         }
 
@@ -1825,7 +1826,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                         s
                     };
                     if !(values.expected.is_simple_text() && values.found.is_simple_text())
-                        || (exp_found.map_or(false, |ef| {
+                        || (exp_found.is_some_and(|ef| {
                             // This happens when the type error is a subset of the expectation,
                             // like when you have two references but one is `usize` and the other
                             // is `f32`. In those cases we still want to show the `note`. If the
@@ -1877,7 +1878,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
         let exp_found = match terr {
             // `terr` has more accurate type information than `exp_found` in match expressions.
             ty::error::TypeError::Sorts(terr)
-                if exp_found.map_or(false, |ef| terr.found == ef.found) =>
+                if exp_found.is_some_and(|ef| terr.found == ef.found) =>
             {
                 Some(terr)
             }
@@ -1961,7 +1962,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                     if let Ok(code) = self.tcx.sess().source_map().span_to_snippet(span)
                         && let Some(code) = code.strip_prefix('\'').and_then(|s| s.strip_suffix('\''))
                         && !code.starts_with("\\u") // forbid all Unicode escapes
-                        && code.chars().next().map_or(false, |c| c.is_ascii()) // forbids literal Unicode characters beyond ASCII
+                        && code.chars().next().is_some_and(|c| c.is_ascii()) // forbids literal Unicode characters beyond ASCII
                     {
                         suggestions.push(TypeErrorAdditionalDiags::MeantByteLiteral { span, code: escape_literal(code) })
                     }
@@ -2329,7 +2330,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                         .source_map()
                         .span_to_prev_source(p.span.shrink_to_hi())
                         .ok()
-                        .map_or(false, |s| *s.as_bytes().last().unwrap() == b'&')
+                        .is_some_and(|s| *s.as_bytes().last().unwrap() == b'&')
                     {
                         add_lt_suggs
                             .push(Some(
@@ -2723,7 +2724,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeRelation<'tcx> for SameTypeModuloInfer<'_, 'tcx> {
             | (ty::Infer(ty::InferTy::TyVar(_)), _)
             | (_, ty::Infer(ty::InferTy::TyVar(_))) => Ok(a),
             (ty::Infer(_), _) | (_, ty::Infer(_)) => Err(TypeError::Mismatch),
-            _ => relate::super_relate_tys(self, a, b),
+            _ => relate::structurally_relate_tys(self, a, b),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/need_type_info.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/need_type_info.rs
index 5000b0139df..f3b2ec4c5e3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/need_type_info.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/need_type_info.rs
@@ -671,7 +671,7 @@ impl<'tcx> InferSource<'tcx> {
                 receiver.span.from_expansion()
             }
             InferSourceKind::ClosureReturn { data, should_wrap_expr, .. } => {
-                data.span().from_expansion() || should_wrap_expr.map_or(false, Span::from_expansion)
+                data.span().from_expansion() || should_wrap_expr.is_some_and(Span::from_expansion)
             }
         };
         source_from_expansion || self.span.from_expansion()
@@ -984,7 +984,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FindInferSourceVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
     ) -> impl Iterator<Item = InsertableGenericArgs<'tcx>> + 'a {
         let tcx = self.infcx.tcx;
         let have_turbofish = path.segments.iter().any(|segment| {
-            segment.args.map_or(false, |args| args.args.iter().any(|arg| arg.is_ty_or_const()))
+            segment.args.is_some_and(|args| args.args.iter().any(|arg| arg.is_ty_or_const()))
         });
         // The last segment of a path often has `Res::Err` and the
         // correct `Res` is the one of the whole path.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/placeholder_error.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/placeholder_error.rs
index c9c1f0aeaac..0b3bc1ce6b3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/placeholder_error.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/placeholder_error.rs
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ impl<'tcx> NiceRegionError<'_, 'tcx> {
                 sup_placeholder @ Region(Interned(RePlaceholder(_), _)),
                 _,
             )) => self.try_report_trait_placeholder_mismatch(
-                Some(self.tcx().mk_re_var(*vid)),
+                Some(ty::Region::new_var(self.tcx(), *vid)),
                 cause,
                 Some(*sub_placeholder),
                 Some(*sup_placeholder),
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ impl<'tcx> NiceRegionError<'_, 'tcx> {
                 _,
                 _,
             )) => self.try_report_trait_placeholder_mismatch(
-                Some(self.tcx().mk_re_var(*vid)),
+                Some(ty::Region::new_var(self.tcx(), *vid)),
                 cause,
                 Some(*sub_placeholder),
                 None,
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ impl<'tcx> NiceRegionError<'_, 'tcx> {
                 sup_placeholder @ Region(Interned(RePlaceholder(_), _)),
                 _,
             )) => self.try_report_trait_placeholder_mismatch(
-                Some(self.tcx().mk_re_var(*vid)),
+                Some(ty::Region::new_var(self.tcx(), *vid)),
                 cause,
                 None,
                 Some(*sup_placeholder),
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ impl<'tcx> NiceRegionError<'_, 'tcx> {
                 sup_placeholder @ Region(Interned(RePlaceholder(_), _)),
                 _,
             )) => self.try_report_trait_placeholder_mismatch(
-                Some(self.tcx().mk_re_var(*vid)),
+                Some(ty::Region::new_var(self.tcx(), *vid)),
                 cause,
                 None,
                 Some(*sup_placeholder),
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ impl<'tcx> NiceRegionError<'_, 'tcx> {
                 SubregionOrigin::Subtype(box TypeTrace { cause, values }),
                 sup_placeholder @ Region(Interned(RePlaceholder(_), _)),
             )) => self.try_report_trait_placeholder_mismatch(
-                Some(self.tcx().mk_re_var(*vid)),
+                Some(ty::Region::new_var(self.tcx(), *vid)),
                 cause,
                 None,
                 Some(*sup_placeholder),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/note_and_explain.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/note_and_explain.rs
index 064811bd29d..d1f110472c9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/note_and_explain.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/note_and_explain.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ use super::TypeErrCtxt;
 use rustc_errors::Applicability::{MachineApplicable, MaybeIncorrect};
 use rustc_errors::{pluralize, Diagnostic, MultiSpan};
 use rustc_hir as hir;
+use rustc_hir::def::DefKind;
 use rustc_middle::traits::ObligationCauseCode;
 use rustc_middle::ty::error::ExpectedFound;
 use rustc_middle::ty::print::Printer;
@@ -233,13 +234,13 @@ impl<T> Trait<T> for X {
                         );
                     }
                     (_, ty::Alias(ty::Projection | ty::Inherent, proj_ty)) if !tcx.is_impl_trait_in_trait(proj_ty.def_id) => {
-                        let msg = format!(
+                        let msg = || format!(
                             "consider constraining the associated type `{}` to `{}`",
                             values.found, values.expected,
                         );
                         if !(self.suggest_constraining_opaque_associated_type(
                             diag,
-                            &msg,
+                            msg,
                             proj_ty,
                             values.expected,
                         ) || self.suggest_constraint(
@@ -249,13 +250,22 @@ impl<T> Trait<T> for X {
                             proj_ty,
                             values.expected,
                         )) {
-                            diag.help(msg);
+                            diag.help(msg());
                             diag.note(
                                 "for more information, visit \
                                 https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-03-advanced-traits.html",
                             );
                         }
                     }
+                    (ty::Alias(ty::Opaque, alias), _) | (_, ty::Alias(ty::Opaque, alias)) if alias.def_id.is_local() && matches!(tcx.def_kind(body_owner_def_id), DefKind::AssocFn | DefKind::AssocConst) => {
+                        if tcx.is_type_alias_impl_trait(alias.def_id) {
+                            if !tcx.opaque_types_defined_by(body_owner_def_id.expect_local()).contains(&alias.def_id.expect_local()) {
+                                diag.span_note(tcx.def_span(body_owner_def_id), "\
+                                    this item must have the opaque type in its signature \
+                                    in order to be able to register hidden types");
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
                     (ty::FnPtr(_), ty::FnDef(def, _))
                     if let hir::def::DefKind::Fn = tcx.def_kind(def) => {
                         diag.note(
@@ -298,7 +308,7 @@ impl<T> Trait<T> for X {
     fn suggest_constraint(
         &self,
         diag: &mut Diagnostic,
-        msg: &str,
+        msg: impl Fn() -> String,
         body_owner_def_id: DefId,
         proj_ty: &ty::AliasTy<'tcx>,
         ty: Ty<'tcx>,
@@ -330,7 +340,7 @@ impl<T> Trait<T> for X {
                         assoc,
                         assoc_substs,
                         ty,
-                        msg,
+                        &msg,
                         false,
                     ) {
                         return true;
@@ -364,10 +374,12 @@ impl<T> Trait<T> for X {
     ) {
         let tcx = self.tcx;
 
-        let msg = format!(
-            "consider constraining the associated type `{}` to `{}`",
-            values.expected, values.found
-        );
+        let msg = || {
+            format!(
+                "consider constraining the associated type `{}` to `{}`",
+                values.expected, values.found
+            )
+        };
         let body_owner = tcx.hir().get_if_local(body_owner_def_id);
         let current_method_ident = body_owner.and_then(|n| n.ident()).map(|i| i.name);
 
@@ -418,10 +430,11 @@ impl<T> Trait<T> for X {
             if callable_scope {
                 diag.help(format!(
                     "{} or calling a method that returns `{}`",
-                    msg, values.expected
+                    msg(),
+                    values.expected
                 ));
             } else {
-                diag.help(msg);
+                diag.help(msg());
             }
             diag.note(
                 "for more information, visit \
@@ -453,7 +466,7 @@ fn foo(&self) -> Self::T { String::new() }
     fn suggest_constraining_opaque_associated_type(
         &self,
         diag: &mut Diagnostic,
-        msg: &str,
+        msg: impl Fn() -> String,
         proj_ty: &ty::AliasTy<'tcx>,
         ty: Ty<'tcx>,
     ) -> bool {
@@ -625,7 +638,7 @@ fn foo(&self) -> Self::T { String::new() }
         assoc: ty::AssocItem,
         assoc_substs: &[ty::GenericArg<'tcx>],
         ty: Ty<'tcx>,
-        msg: &str,
+        msg: impl Fn() -> String,
         is_bound_surely_present: bool,
     ) -> bool {
         // FIXME: we would want to call `resolve_vars_if_possible` on `ty` before suggesting.
@@ -668,7 +681,7 @@ fn foo(&self) -> Self::T { String::new() }
         assoc: ty::AssocItem,
         assoc_substs: &[ty::GenericArg<'tcx>],
         ty: Ty<'tcx>,
-        msg: &str,
+        msg: impl Fn() -> String,
     ) -> bool {
         let tcx = self.tcx;
 
@@ -683,7 +696,7 @@ fn foo(&self) -> Self::T { String::new() }
                 let item_args = self.format_generic_args(assoc_substs);
                 (span.shrink_to_hi(), format!("<{}{} = {}>", assoc.ident(tcx), item_args, ty))
             };
-            diag.span_suggestion_verbose(span, msg, sugg, MaybeIncorrect);
+            diag.span_suggestion_verbose(span, msg(), sugg, MaybeIncorrect);
             return true;
         }
         false
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/generalize.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/generalize.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d4a1dacde10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/generalize.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,479 @@
+use rustc_data_structures::sso::SsoHashMap;
+use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
+use rustc_middle::infer::unify_key::{ConstVarValue, ConstVariableValue};
+use rustc_middle::ty::error::TypeError;
+use rustc_middle::ty::relate::{self, Relate, RelateResult, TypeRelation};
+use rustc_middle::ty::{self, InferConst, Term, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeVisitableExt};
+use rustc_span::Span;
+
+use crate::infer::nll_relate::TypeRelatingDelegate;
+use crate::infer::type_variable::TypeVariableValue;
+use crate::infer::{InferCtxt, RegionVariableOrigin};
+
+/// Attempts to generalize `term` for the type variable `for_vid`.
+/// This checks for cycles -- that is, whether the type `term`
+/// references `for_vid`.
+pub(super) fn generalize<'tcx, D: GeneralizerDelegate<'tcx>, T: Into<Term<'tcx>> + Relate<'tcx>>(
+    infcx: &InferCtxt<'tcx>,
+    delegate: &mut D,
+    term: T,
+    for_vid: impl Into<ty::TermVid<'tcx>>,
+    ambient_variance: ty::Variance,
+) -> RelateResult<'tcx, Generalization<T>> {
+    let (for_universe, root_vid) = match for_vid.into() {
+        ty::TermVid::Ty(ty_vid) => (
+            infcx.probe_ty_var(ty_vid).unwrap_err(),
+            ty::TermVid::Ty(infcx.inner.borrow_mut().type_variables().sub_root_var(ty_vid)),
+        ),
+        ty::TermVid::Const(ct_vid) => (
+            infcx.probe_const_var(ct_vid).unwrap_err(),
+            ty::TermVid::Const(infcx.inner.borrow_mut().const_unification_table().find(ct_vid)),
+        ),
+    };
+
+    let mut generalizer = Generalizer {
+        infcx,
+        delegate,
+        ambient_variance,
+        root_vid,
+        for_universe,
+        root_term: term.into(),
+        needs_wf: false,
+        cache: Default::default(),
+    };
+
+    assert!(!term.has_escaping_bound_vars());
+    let value = generalizer.relate(term, term)?;
+    let needs_wf = generalizer.needs_wf;
+    Ok(Generalization { value, needs_wf })
+}
+
+/// Abstracts the handling of region vars between HIR and MIR/NLL typechecking
+/// in the generalizer code.
+pub trait GeneralizerDelegate<'tcx> {
+    fn param_env(&self) -> ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>;
+
+    fn forbid_inference_vars() -> bool;
+
+    fn generalize_region(&mut self, universe: ty::UniverseIndex) -> ty::Region<'tcx>;
+}
+
+pub struct CombineDelegate<'cx, 'tcx> {
+    pub infcx: &'cx InferCtxt<'tcx>,
+    pub param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
+    pub span: Span,
+}
+
+impl<'tcx> GeneralizerDelegate<'tcx> for CombineDelegate<'_, 'tcx> {
+    fn param_env(&self) -> ty::ParamEnv<'tcx> {
+        self.param_env
+    }
+
+    fn forbid_inference_vars() -> bool {
+        false
+    }
+
+    fn generalize_region(&mut self, universe: ty::UniverseIndex) -> ty::Region<'tcx> {
+        // FIXME: This is non-ideal because we don't give a
+        // very descriptive origin for this region variable.
+        self.infcx
+            .next_region_var_in_universe(RegionVariableOrigin::MiscVariable(self.span), universe)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'tcx, T> GeneralizerDelegate<'tcx> for T
+where
+    T: TypeRelatingDelegate<'tcx>,
+{
+    fn param_env(&self) -> ty::ParamEnv<'tcx> {
+        <Self as TypeRelatingDelegate<'tcx>>::param_env(self)
+    }
+
+    fn forbid_inference_vars() -> bool {
+        <Self as TypeRelatingDelegate<'tcx>>::forbid_inference_vars()
+    }
+
+    fn generalize_region(&mut self, universe: ty::UniverseIndex) -> ty::Region<'tcx> {
+        <Self as TypeRelatingDelegate<'tcx>>::generalize_existential(self, universe)
+    }
+}
+
+/// The "generalizer" is used when handling inference variables.
+///
+/// The basic strategy for handling a constraint like `?A <: B` is to
+/// apply a "generalization strategy" to the term `B` -- this replaces
+/// all the lifetimes in the term `B` with fresh inference variables.
+/// (You can read more about the strategy in this [blog post].)
+///
+/// As an example, if we had `?A <: &'x u32`, we would generalize `&'x
+/// u32` to `&'0 u32` where `'0` is a fresh variable. This becomes the
+/// value of `A`. Finally, we relate `&'0 u32 <: &'x u32`, which
+/// establishes `'0: 'x` as a constraint.
+///
+/// [blog post]: https://is.gd/0hKvIr
+struct Generalizer<'me, 'tcx, D> {
+    infcx: &'me InferCtxt<'tcx>,
+
+    /// This is used to abstract the behaviors of the three previous
+    /// generalizer-like implementations (`Generalizer`, `TypeGeneralizer`,
+    /// and `ConstInferUnifier`). See [`GeneralizerDelegate`] for more
+    /// information.
+    delegate: &'me mut D,
+
+    /// After we generalize this type, we are going to relate it to
+    /// some other type. What will be the variance at this point?
+    ambient_variance: ty::Variance,
+
+    /// The vid of the type variable that is in the process of being
+    /// instantiated. If we find this within the value we are folding,
+    /// that means we would have created a cyclic value.
+    root_vid: ty::TermVid<'tcx>,
+
+    /// The universe of the type variable that is in the process of being
+    /// instantiated. If we find anything that this universe cannot name,
+    /// we reject the relation.
+    for_universe: ty::UniverseIndex,
+
+    /// The root term (const or type) we're generalizing. Used for cycle errors.
+    root_term: Term<'tcx>,
+
+    cache: SsoHashMap<Ty<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>>,
+
+    /// See the field `needs_wf` in `Generalization`.
+    needs_wf: bool,
+}
+
+impl<'tcx, D> Generalizer<'_, 'tcx, D> {
+    /// Create an error that corresponds to the term kind in `root_term`
+    fn cyclic_term_error(&self) -> TypeError<'tcx> {
+        match self.root_term.unpack() {
+            ty::TermKind::Ty(ty) => TypeError::CyclicTy(ty),
+            ty::TermKind::Const(ct) => TypeError::CyclicConst(ct),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'tcx, D> TypeRelation<'tcx> for Generalizer<'_, 'tcx, D>
+where
+    D: GeneralizerDelegate<'tcx>,
+{
+    fn tcx(&self) -> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
+        self.infcx.tcx
+    }
+
+    fn param_env(&self) -> ty::ParamEnv<'tcx> {
+        self.delegate.param_env()
+    }
+
+    fn tag(&self) -> &'static str {
+        "Generalizer"
+    }
+
+    fn a_is_expected(&self) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+
+    fn relate_item_substs(
+        &mut self,
+        item_def_id: DefId,
+        a_subst: ty::SubstsRef<'tcx>,
+        b_subst: ty::SubstsRef<'tcx>,
+    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::SubstsRef<'tcx>> {
+        if self.ambient_variance == ty::Variance::Invariant {
+            // Avoid fetching the variance if we are in an invariant
+            // context; no need, and it can induce dependency cycles
+            // (e.g., #41849).
+            relate::relate_substs(self, a_subst, b_subst)
+        } else {
+            let tcx = self.tcx();
+            let opt_variances = tcx.variances_of(item_def_id);
+            relate::relate_substs_with_variances(
+                self,
+                item_def_id,
+                opt_variances,
+                a_subst,
+                b_subst,
+                true,
+            )
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[instrument(level = "debug", skip(self, variance, b), ret)]
+    fn relate_with_variance<T: Relate<'tcx>>(
+        &mut self,
+        variance: ty::Variance,
+        _info: ty::VarianceDiagInfo<'tcx>,
+        a: T,
+        b: T,
+    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, T> {
+        let old_ambient_variance = self.ambient_variance;
+        self.ambient_variance = self.ambient_variance.xform(variance);
+        debug!(?self.ambient_variance, "new ambient variance");
+        let r = self.relate(a, b)?;
+        self.ambient_variance = old_ambient_variance;
+        Ok(r)
+    }
+
+    #[instrument(level = "debug", skip(self, t2), ret)]
+    fn tys(&mut self, t: Ty<'tcx>, t2: Ty<'tcx>) -> RelateResult<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>> {
+        assert_eq!(t, t2); // we are misusing TypeRelation here; both LHS and RHS ought to be ==
+
+        if let Some(&result) = self.cache.get(&t) {
+            return Ok(result);
+        }
+
+        // Check to see whether the type we are generalizing references
+        // any other type variable related to `vid` via
+        // subtyping. This is basically our "occurs check", preventing
+        // us from creating infinitely sized types.
+        let g = match *t.kind() {
+            ty::Infer(ty::TyVar(_)) | ty::Infer(ty::IntVar(_)) | ty::Infer(ty::FloatVar(_))
+                if D::forbid_inference_vars() =>
+            {
+                bug!("unexpected inference variable encountered in NLL generalization: {t}");
+            }
+
+            ty::Infer(ty::FreshTy(_) | ty::FreshIntTy(_) | ty::FreshFloatTy(_)) => {
+                bug!("unexpected infer type: {t}")
+            }
+
+            ty::Infer(ty::TyVar(vid)) => {
+                let mut inner = self.infcx.inner.borrow_mut();
+                let vid = inner.type_variables().root_var(vid);
+                let sub_vid = inner.type_variables().sub_root_var(vid);
+
+                if ty::TermVid::Ty(sub_vid) == self.root_vid {
+                    // If sub-roots are equal, then `root_vid` and
+                    // `vid` are related via subtyping.
+                    Err(self.cyclic_term_error())
+                } else {
+                    let probe = inner.type_variables().probe(vid);
+                    match probe {
+                        TypeVariableValue::Known { value: u } => {
+                            drop(inner);
+                            self.relate(u, u)
+                        }
+                        TypeVariableValue::Unknown { universe } => {
+                            match self.ambient_variance {
+                                // Invariant: no need to make a fresh type variable
+                                // if we can name the universe.
+                                ty::Invariant => {
+                                    if self.for_universe.can_name(universe) {
+                                        return Ok(t);
+                                    }
+                                }
+
+                                // Bivariant: make a fresh var, but we
+                                // may need a WF predicate. See
+                                // comment on `needs_wf` field for
+                                // more info.
+                                ty::Bivariant => self.needs_wf = true,
+
+                                // Co/contravariant: this will be
+                                // sufficiently constrained later on.
+                                ty::Covariant | ty::Contravariant => (),
+                            }
+
+                            let origin = *inner.type_variables().var_origin(vid);
+                            let new_var_id =
+                                inner.type_variables().new_var(self.for_universe, origin);
+                            let u = self.tcx().mk_ty_var(new_var_id);
+
+                            // Record that we replaced `vid` with `new_var_id` as part of a generalization
+                            // operation. This is needed to detect cyclic types. To see why, see the
+                            // docs in the `type_variables` module.
+                            inner.type_variables().sub(vid, new_var_id);
+                            debug!("replacing original vid={:?} with new={:?}", vid, u);
+                            Ok(u)
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            ty::Infer(ty::IntVar(_) | ty::FloatVar(_)) => {
+                // No matter what mode we are in,
+                // integer/floating-point types must be equal to be
+                // relatable.
+                Ok(t)
+            }
+
+            ty::Placeholder(placeholder) => {
+                if self.for_universe.can_name(placeholder.universe) {
+                    Ok(t)
+                } else {
+                    debug!(
+                        "root universe {:?} cannot name placeholder in universe {:?}",
+                        self.for_universe, placeholder.universe
+                    );
+                    Err(TypeError::Mismatch)
+                }
+            }
+
+            _ => relate::structurally_relate_tys(self, t, t),
+        }?;
+
+        self.cache.insert(t, g);
+        Ok(g)
+    }
+
+    #[instrument(level = "debug", skip(self, r2), ret)]
+    fn regions(
+        &mut self,
+        r: ty::Region<'tcx>,
+        r2: ty::Region<'tcx>,
+    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Region<'tcx>> {
+        assert_eq!(r, r2); // we are misusing TypeRelation here; both LHS and RHS ought to be ==
+
+        match *r {
+            // Never make variables for regions bound within the type itself,
+            // nor for erased regions.
+            ty::ReLateBound(..) | ty::ReErased => {
+                return Ok(r);
+            }
+
+            // It doesn't really matter for correctness if we generalize ReError,
+            // since we're already on a doomed compilation path.
+            ty::ReError(_) => {
+                return Ok(r);
+            }
+
+            ty::RePlaceholder(..)
+            | ty::ReVar(..)
+            | ty::ReStatic
+            | ty::ReEarlyBound(..)
+            | ty::ReFree(..) => {
+                // see common code below
+            }
+        }
+
+        // If we are in an invariant context, we can re-use the region
+        // as is, unless it happens to be in some universe that we
+        // can't name.
+        if let ty::Invariant = self.ambient_variance {
+            let r_universe = self.infcx.universe_of_region(r);
+            if self.for_universe.can_name(r_universe) {
+                return Ok(r);
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(self.delegate.generalize_region(self.for_universe))
+    }
+
+    #[instrument(level = "debug", skip(self, c2), ret)]
+    fn consts(
+        &mut self,
+        c: ty::Const<'tcx>,
+        c2: ty::Const<'tcx>,
+    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Const<'tcx>> {
+        assert_eq!(c, c2); // we are misusing TypeRelation here; both LHS and RHS ought to be ==
+
+        match c.kind() {
+            ty::ConstKind::Infer(InferConst::Var(_)) if D::forbid_inference_vars() => {
+                bug!("unexpected inference variable encountered in NLL generalization: {:?}", c);
+            }
+            ty::ConstKind::Infer(InferConst::Var(vid)) => {
+                // If root const vids are equal, then `root_vid` and
+                // `vid` are related and we'd be inferring an infinitely
+                // deep const.
+                if ty::TermVid::Const(
+                    self.infcx.inner.borrow_mut().const_unification_table().find(vid),
+                ) == self.root_vid
+                {
+                    return Err(self.cyclic_term_error());
+                }
+
+                let mut inner = self.infcx.inner.borrow_mut();
+                let variable_table = &mut inner.const_unification_table();
+                let var_value = variable_table.probe_value(vid);
+                match var_value.val {
+                    ConstVariableValue::Known { value: u } => {
+                        drop(inner);
+                        self.relate(u, u)
+                    }
+                    ConstVariableValue::Unknown { universe } => {
+                        if self.for_universe.can_name(universe) {
+                            Ok(c)
+                        } else {
+                            let new_var_id = variable_table.new_key(ConstVarValue {
+                                origin: var_value.origin,
+                                val: ConstVariableValue::Unknown { universe: self.for_universe },
+                            });
+                            Ok(self.tcx().mk_const(new_var_id, c.ty()))
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            // FIXME: remove this branch once `structurally_relate_consts` is fully
+            // structural.
+            ty::ConstKind::Unevaluated(ty::UnevaluatedConst { def, substs }) => {
+                let substs = self.relate_with_variance(
+                    ty::Variance::Invariant,
+                    ty::VarianceDiagInfo::default(),
+                    substs,
+                    substs,
+                )?;
+                Ok(self.tcx().mk_const(ty::UnevaluatedConst { def, substs }, c.ty()))
+            }
+            ty::ConstKind::Placeholder(placeholder) => {
+                if self.for_universe.can_name(placeholder.universe) {
+                    Ok(c)
+                } else {
+                    debug!(
+                        "root universe {:?} cannot name placeholder in universe {:?}",
+                        self.for_universe, placeholder.universe
+                    );
+                    Err(TypeError::Mismatch)
+                }
+            }
+            _ => relate::structurally_relate_consts(self, c, c),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[instrument(level = "debug", skip(self), ret)]
+    fn binders<T>(
+        &mut self,
+        a: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+        _: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
+    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<'tcx, T>>
+    where
+        T: Relate<'tcx>,
+    {
+        let result = self.relate(a.skip_binder(), a.skip_binder())?;
+        Ok(a.rebind(result))
+    }
+}
+
+/// Result from a generalization operation. This includes
+/// not only the generalized type, but also a bool flag
+/// indicating whether further WF checks are needed.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Generalization<T> {
+    pub value: T,
+
+    /// If true, then the generalized type may not be well-formed,
+    /// even if the source type is well-formed, so we should add an
+    /// additional check to enforce that it is. This arises in
+    /// particular around 'bivariant' type parameters that are only
+    /// constrained by a where-clause. As an example, imagine a type:
+    ///
+    ///     struct Foo<A, B> where A: Iterator<Item = B> {
+    ///         data: A
+    ///     }
+    ///
+    /// here, `A` will be covariant, but `B` is
+    /// unconstrained. However, whatever it is, for `Foo` to be WF, it
+    /// must be equal to `A::Item`. If we have an input `Foo<?A, ?B>`,
+    /// then after generalization we will wind up with a type like
+    /// `Foo<?C, ?D>`. When we enforce that `Foo<?A, ?B> <: Foo<?C,
+    /// ?D>` (or `>:`), we will wind up with the requirement that `?A
+    /// <: ?C`, but no particular relationship between `?B` and `?D`
+    /// (after all, we do not know the variance of the normalized form
+    /// of `A::Item` with respect to `A`). If we do nothing else, this
+    /// may mean that `?D` goes unconstrained (as in #41677). So, in
+    /// this scenario where we create a new type variable in a
+    /// bivariant context, we set the `needs_wf` flag to true. This
+    /// will force the calling code to check that `WF(Foo<?C, ?D>)`
+    /// holds, which in turn implies that `?C::Item == ?D`. So once
+    /// `?C` is constrained, that should suffice to restrict `?D`.
+    pub needs_wf: bool,
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/higher_ranked/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/higher_ranked/mod.rs
index c304cd25c9c..974bc2f1153 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/higher_ranked/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/higher_ranked/mod.rs
@@ -82,8 +82,10 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
 
         let delegate = FnMutDelegate {
             regions: &mut |br: ty::BoundRegion| {
-                self.tcx
-                    .mk_re_placeholder(ty::PlaceholderRegion { universe: next_universe, bound: br })
+                ty::Region::new_placeholder(
+                    self.tcx,
+                    ty::PlaceholderRegion { universe: next_universe, bound: br },
+                )
             },
             types: &mut |bound_ty: ty::BoundTy| {
                 self.tcx.mk_placeholder(ty::PlaceholderType {
@@ -103,13 +105,15 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
         self.tcx.replace_bound_vars_uncached(binder, delegate)
     }
 
-    /// See [RegionConstraintCollector::leak_check][1].
+    /// See [RegionConstraintCollector::leak_check][1]. We only check placeholder
+    /// leaking into `outer_universe`, i.e. placeholders which cannot be named by that
+    /// universe.
     ///
     /// [1]: crate::infer::region_constraints::RegionConstraintCollector::leak_check
     pub fn leak_check(
         &self,
-        overly_polymorphic: bool,
-        snapshot: &CombinedSnapshot<'tcx>,
+        outer_universe: ty::UniverseIndex,
+        only_consider_snapshot: Option<&CombinedSnapshot<'tcx>>,
     ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ()> {
         // If the user gave `-Zno-leak-check`, or we have been
         // configured to skip the leak check, then skip the leak check
@@ -117,15 +121,15 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
         // subtyping errors that it would have caught will now be
         // caught later on, during region checking. However, we
         // continue to use it for a transition period.
-        if self.tcx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.no_leak_check || self.skip_leak_check.get() {
+        if self.tcx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.no_leak_check || self.skip_leak_check {
             return Ok(());
         }
 
         self.inner.borrow_mut().unwrap_region_constraints().leak_check(
             self.tcx,
-            overly_polymorphic,
+            outer_universe,
             self.universe(),
-            snapshot,
+            only_consider_snapshot,
         )
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/lattice.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/lattice.rs
index 7f4c141b97a..7190d33d299 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/lattice.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/lattice.rs
@@ -108,9 +108,12 @@ where
             &ty::Alias(ty::Opaque, ty::AliasTy { def_id: a_def_id, .. }),
             &ty::Alias(ty::Opaque, ty::AliasTy { def_id: b_def_id, .. }),
         ) if a_def_id == b_def_id => infcx.super_combine_tys(this, a, b),
+
         (&ty::Alias(ty::Opaque, ty::AliasTy { def_id, .. }), _)
         | (_, &ty::Alias(ty::Opaque, ty::AliasTy { def_id, .. }))
-            if this.define_opaque_types() == DefineOpaqueTypes::Yes && def_id.is_local() =>
+            if this.define_opaque_types() == DefineOpaqueTypes::Yes
+                && def_id.is_local()
+                && !this.tcx().trait_solver_next() =>
         {
             this.register_obligations(
                 infcx
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/lexical_region_resolve/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/lexical_region_resolve/mod.rs
index 8482ae2aa38..485e34fe2bf 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/lexical_region_resolve/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/lexical_region_resolve/mod.rs
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> LexicalResolver<'cx, 'tcx> {
                     // name the placeholder, then the placeholder is
                     // larger; otherwise, the only ancestor is `'static`.
                     Err(placeholder) if empty_ui.can_name(placeholder.universe) => {
-                        self.tcx().mk_re_placeholder(placeholder)
+                        ty::Region::new_placeholder(self.tcx(), placeholder)
                     }
                     Err(_) => self.tcx().lifetimes.re_static,
                 };
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/mod.rs
index 9a95a9c8375..447d4c9f84b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/mod.rs
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use rustc_middle::infer::unify_key::{ConstVarValue, ConstVariableValue};
 use rustc_middle::infer::unify_key::{ConstVariableOrigin, ConstVariableOriginKind, ToType};
 use rustc_middle::mir::interpret::{ErrorHandled, EvalToValTreeResult};
 use rustc_middle::mir::ConstraintCategory;
-use rustc_middle::traits::select;
+use rustc_middle::traits::{select, DefiningAnchor};
 use rustc_middle::ty::error::{ExpectedFound, TypeError};
 use rustc_middle::ty::fold::BoundVarReplacerDelegate;
 use rustc_middle::ty::fold::{TypeFoldable, TypeFolder, TypeSuperFoldable};
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ pub mod error_reporting;
 pub mod free_regions;
 mod freshen;
 mod fudge;
+mod generalize;
 mod glb;
 mod higher_ranked;
 pub mod lattice;
@@ -230,17 +231,6 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtInner<'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum DefiningAnchor {
-    /// `DefId` of the item.
-    Bind(LocalDefId),
-    /// When opaque types are not resolved, we `Bubble` up, meaning
-    /// return the opaque/hidden type pair from query, for caller of query to handle it.
-    Bubble,
-    /// Used to catch type mismatch errors when handling opaque types.
-    Error,
-}
-
 pub struct InferCtxt<'tcx> {
     pub tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
 
@@ -261,14 +251,13 @@ pub struct InferCtxt<'tcx> {
     /// solving is left to borrowck instead.
     pub considering_regions: bool,
 
-    pub inner: RefCell<InferCtxtInner<'tcx>>,
-
     /// If set, this flag causes us to skip the 'leak check' during
     /// higher-ranked subtyping operations. This flag is a temporary one used
     /// to manage the removal of the leak-check: for the time being, we still run the
-    /// leak-check, but we issue warnings. This flag can only be set to true
-    /// when entering a snapshot.
-    skip_leak_check: Cell<bool>,
+    /// leak-check, but we issue warnings.
+    skip_leak_check: bool,
+
+    pub inner: RefCell<InferCtxtInner<'tcx>>,
 
     /// Once region inference is done, the values for each variable.
     lexical_region_resolutions: RefCell<Option<LexicalRegionResolutions<'tcx>>>,
@@ -553,6 +542,7 @@ pub struct InferCtxtBuilder<'tcx> {
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
     defining_use_anchor: DefiningAnchor,
     considering_regions: bool,
+    skip_leak_check: bool,
     /// Whether we are in coherence mode.
     intercrate: bool,
 }
@@ -567,6 +557,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxtInferExt<'tcx> for TyCtxt<'tcx> {
             tcx: self,
             defining_use_anchor: DefiningAnchor::Error,
             considering_regions: true,
+            skip_leak_check: false,
             intercrate: false,
         }
     }
@@ -594,6 +585,11 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtBuilder<'tcx> {
         self
     }
 
+    pub fn skip_leak_check(mut self, skip_leak_check: bool) -> Self {
+        self.skip_leak_check = skip_leak_check;
+        self
+    }
+
     /// Given a canonical value `C` as a starting point, create an
     /// inference context that contains each of the bound values
     /// within instantiated as a fresh variable. The `f` closure is
@@ -615,11 +611,18 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtBuilder<'tcx> {
     }
 
     pub fn build(&mut self) -> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
-        let InferCtxtBuilder { tcx, defining_use_anchor, considering_regions, intercrate } = *self;
+        let InferCtxtBuilder {
+            tcx,
+            defining_use_anchor,
+            considering_regions,
+            skip_leak_check,
+            intercrate,
+        } = *self;
         InferCtxt {
             tcx,
             defining_use_anchor,
             considering_regions,
+            skip_leak_check,
             inner: RefCell::new(InferCtxtInner::new()),
             lexical_region_resolutions: RefCell::new(None),
             selection_cache: Default::default(),
@@ -629,7 +632,6 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtBuilder<'tcx> {
             tainted_by_errors: Cell::new(None),
             err_count_on_creation: tcx.sess.err_count(),
             in_snapshot: Cell::new(false),
-            skip_leak_check: Cell::new(false),
             universe: Cell::new(ty::UniverseIndex::ROOT),
             intercrate,
         }
@@ -825,32 +827,9 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
         r
     }
 
-    /// If `should_skip` is true, then execute `f` then unroll any bindings it creates.
-    #[instrument(skip(self, f), level = "debug")]
-    pub fn probe_maybe_skip_leak_check<R, F>(&self, should_skip: bool, f: F) -> R
-    where
-        F: FnOnce(&CombinedSnapshot<'tcx>) -> R,
-    {
-        let snapshot = self.start_snapshot();
-        let was_skip_leak_check = self.skip_leak_check.get();
-        if should_skip {
-            self.skip_leak_check.set(true);
-        }
-        let r = f(&snapshot);
-        self.rollback_to("probe", snapshot);
-        self.skip_leak_check.set(was_skip_leak_check);
-        r
-    }
-
-    /// Scan the constraints produced since `snapshot` began and returns:
-    ///
-    /// - `None` -- if none of them involves "region outlives" constraints.
-    /// - `Some(true)` -- if there are `'a: 'b` constraints where `'a` or `'b` is a placeholder.
-    /// - `Some(false)` -- if there are `'a: 'b` constraints but none involve placeholders.
-    pub fn region_constraints_added_in_snapshot(
-        &self,
-        snapshot: &CombinedSnapshot<'tcx>,
-    ) -> Option<bool> {
+    /// Scan the constraints produced since `snapshot` and check whether
+    /// we added any region constraints.
+    pub fn region_constraints_added_in_snapshot(&self, snapshot: &CombinedSnapshot<'tcx>) -> bool {
         self.inner
             .borrow_mut()
             .unwrap_region_constraints()
@@ -1075,7 +1054,7 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
     ) -> ty::Region<'tcx> {
         let region_var =
             self.inner.borrow_mut().unwrap_region_constraints().new_region_var(universe, origin);
-        self.tcx.mk_re_var(region_var)
+        ty::Region::new_var(self.tcx, region_var)
     }
 
     /// Return the universe that the region `r` was created in. For
@@ -1533,7 +1512,7 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
             if let Some(ct) = tcx.thir_abstract_const(unevaluated.def)? {
                 let ct = tcx.expand_abstract_consts(ct.subst(tcx, substs));
                 if let Err(e) = ct.error_reported() {
-                    return Err(ErrorHandled::Reported(e));
+                    return Err(ErrorHandled::Reported(e.into()));
                 } else if ct.has_non_region_infer() || ct.has_non_region_param() {
                     return Err(ErrorHandled::TooGeneric);
                 } else {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/nll_relate/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/nll_relate/mod.rs
index 88a0a81e276..d3fd01b9642 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/nll_relate/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/nll_relate/mod.rs
@@ -21,21 +21,20 @@
 //!   thing we relate in chalk are basically domain goals and their
 //!   constituents)
 
-use crate::infer::InferCtxt;
-use crate::infer::{ConstVarValue, ConstVariableValue};
-use crate::infer::{TypeVariableOrigin, TypeVariableOriginKind};
-use crate::traits::{Obligation, PredicateObligations};
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashMap;
 use rustc_middle::traits::ObligationCause;
-use rustc_middle::ty::error::TypeError;
 use rustc_middle::ty::fold::FnMutDelegate;
-use rustc_middle::ty::relate::{self, Relate, RelateResult, TypeRelation};
+use rustc_middle::ty::relate::{Relate, RelateResult, TypeRelation};
 use rustc_middle::ty::visit::TypeVisitableExt;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, InferConst, Ty, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_span::{Span, Symbol};
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 
-use super::combine::ObligationEmittingRelation;
+use crate::infer::combine::ObligationEmittingRelation;
+use crate::infer::generalize::{self, Generalization};
+use crate::infer::InferCtxt;
+use crate::infer::{TypeVariableOrigin, TypeVariableOriginKind};
+use crate::traits::{Obligation, PredicateObligations};
 
 pub struct TypeRelating<'me, 'tcx, D>
 where
@@ -198,7 +197,7 @@ where
             _ => (),
         }
 
-        let generalized_ty = self.generalize_value(value_ty, vid)?;
+        let generalized_ty = self.generalize(value_ty, vid)?;
         debug!("relate_ty_var: generalized_ty = {:?}", generalized_ty);
 
         if D::forbid_inference_vars() {
@@ -217,26 +216,15 @@ where
         result
     }
 
-    fn generalize_value<T: Relate<'tcx>>(
-        &mut self,
-        value: T,
-        for_vid: ty::TyVid,
-    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, T> {
-        let universe = self.infcx.probe_ty_var(for_vid).unwrap_err();
-
-        if value.has_escaping_bound_vars() {
-            bug!("trying to instantiate {for_vid:?} with escaping bound vars: {value:?}");
-        }
-
-        let mut generalizer = TypeGeneralizer {
-            infcx: self.infcx,
-            delegate: &mut self.delegate,
-            ambient_variance: self.ambient_variance,
-            for_vid_sub_root: self.infcx.inner.borrow_mut().type_variables().sub_root_var(for_vid),
-            universe,
-        };
-
-        generalizer.relate(value, value)
+    fn generalize(&mut self, ty: Ty<'tcx>, for_vid: ty::TyVid) -> RelateResult<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>> {
+        let Generalization { value: ty, needs_wf: _ } = generalize::generalize(
+            self.infcx,
+            &mut self.delegate,
+            ty,
+            for_vid,
+            self.ambient_variance,
+        )?;
+        Ok(ty)
     }
 
     fn relate_opaques(&mut self, a: Ty<'tcx>, b: Ty<'tcx>) -> RelateResult<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>> {
@@ -503,16 +491,22 @@ where
             (
                 &ty::Alias(ty::Opaque, ty::AliasTy { def_id: a_def_id, .. }),
                 &ty::Alias(ty::Opaque, ty::AliasTy { def_id: b_def_id, .. }),
-            ) if a_def_id == b_def_id => infcx.super_combine_tys(self, a, b).or_else(|err| {
-                self.tcx().sess.delay_span_bug(
-                    self.delegate.span(),
-                    "failure to relate an opaque to itself should result in an error later on",
-                );
-                if a_def_id.is_local() { self.relate_opaques(a, b) } else { Err(err) }
-            }),
+            ) if a_def_id == b_def_id || infcx.tcx.trait_solver_next() => {
+                infcx.super_combine_tys(self, a, b).or_else(|err| {
+                    // This behavior is only there for the old solver, the new solver
+                    // shouldn't ever fail. Instead, it unconditionally emits an
+                    // alias-relate goal.
+                    assert!(!self.tcx().trait_solver_next());
+                    self.tcx().sess.delay_span_bug(
+                        self.delegate.span(),
+                        "failure to relate an opaque to itself should result in an error later on",
+                    );
+                    if a_def_id.is_local() { self.relate_opaques(a, b) } else { Err(err) }
+                })
+            }
             (&ty::Alias(ty::Opaque, ty::AliasTy { def_id, .. }), _)
             | (_, &ty::Alias(ty::Opaque, ty::AliasTy { def_id, .. }))
-                if def_id.is_local() =>
+                if def_id.is_local() && !self.tcx().trait_solver_next() =>
             {
                 self.relate_opaques(a, b)
             }
@@ -716,235 +710,3 @@ where
         })]);
     }
 }
-
-/// The "type generalizer" is used when handling inference variables.
-///
-/// The basic strategy for handling a constraint like `?A <: B` is to
-/// apply a "generalization strategy" to the type `B` -- this replaces
-/// all the lifetimes in the type `B` with fresh inference
-/// variables. (You can read more about the strategy in this [blog
-/// post].)
-///
-/// As an example, if we had `?A <: &'x u32`, we would generalize `&'x
-/// u32` to `&'0 u32` where `'0` is a fresh variable. This becomes the
-/// value of `A`. Finally, we relate `&'0 u32 <: &'x u32`, which
-/// establishes `'0: 'x` as a constraint.
-///
-/// [blog post]: https://is.gd/0hKvIr
-struct TypeGeneralizer<'me, 'tcx, D>
-where
-    D: TypeRelatingDelegate<'tcx>,
-{
-    infcx: &'me InferCtxt<'tcx>,
-
-    delegate: &'me mut D,
-
-    /// After we generalize this type, we are going to relate it to
-    /// some other type. What will be the variance at this point?
-    ambient_variance: ty::Variance,
-
-    /// The vid of the type variable that is in the process of being
-    /// instantiated. If we find this within the value we are folding,
-    /// that means we would have created a cyclic value.
-    for_vid_sub_root: ty::TyVid,
-
-    /// The universe of the type variable that is in the process of being
-    /// instantiated. If we find anything that this universe cannot name,
-    /// we reject the relation.
-    universe: ty::UniverseIndex,
-}
-
-impl<'tcx, D> TypeRelation<'tcx> for TypeGeneralizer<'_, 'tcx, D>
-where
-    D: TypeRelatingDelegate<'tcx>,
-{
-    fn tcx(&self) -> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
-        self.infcx.tcx
-    }
-
-    fn param_env(&self) -> ty::ParamEnv<'tcx> {
-        self.delegate.param_env()
-    }
-
-    fn tag(&self) -> &'static str {
-        "nll::generalizer"
-    }
-
-    fn a_is_expected(&self) -> bool {
-        true
-    }
-
-    fn relate_with_variance<T: Relate<'tcx>>(
-        &mut self,
-        variance: ty::Variance,
-        _info: ty::VarianceDiagInfo<'tcx>,
-        a: T,
-        b: T,
-    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, T> {
-        debug!(
-            "TypeGeneralizer::relate_with_variance(variance={:?}, a={:?}, b={:?})",
-            variance, a, b
-        );
-
-        let old_ambient_variance = self.ambient_variance;
-        self.ambient_variance = self.ambient_variance.xform(variance);
-
-        debug!(
-            "TypeGeneralizer::relate_with_variance: ambient_variance = {:?}",
-            self.ambient_variance
-        );
-
-        let r = self.relate(a, b)?;
-
-        self.ambient_variance = old_ambient_variance;
-
-        debug!("TypeGeneralizer::relate_with_variance: r={:?}", r);
-
-        Ok(r)
-    }
-
-    fn tys(&mut self, a: Ty<'tcx>, _: Ty<'tcx>) -> RelateResult<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>> {
-        use crate::infer::type_variable::TypeVariableValue;
-
-        debug!("TypeGeneralizer::tys(a={:?})", a);
-
-        match *a.kind() {
-            ty::Infer(ty::TyVar(_)) | ty::Infer(ty::IntVar(_)) | ty::Infer(ty::FloatVar(_))
-                if D::forbid_inference_vars() =>
-            {
-                bug!("unexpected inference variable encountered in NLL generalization: {:?}", a);
-            }
-
-            ty::Infer(ty::TyVar(vid)) => {
-                let mut inner = self.infcx.inner.borrow_mut();
-                let variables = &mut inner.type_variables();
-                let vid = variables.root_var(vid);
-                let sub_vid = variables.sub_root_var(vid);
-                if sub_vid == self.for_vid_sub_root {
-                    // If sub-roots are equal, then `for_vid` and
-                    // `vid` are related via subtyping.
-                    debug!("TypeGeneralizer::tys: occurs check failed");
-                    Err(TypeError::Mismatch)
-                } else {
-                    match variables.probe(vid) {
-                        TypeVariableValue::Known { value: u } => {
-                            drop(variables);
-                            self.relate(u, u)
-                        }
-                        TypeVariableValue::Unknown { universe: _universe } => {
-                            if self.ambient_variance == ty::Bivariant {
-                                // FIXME: we may need a WF predicate (related to #54105).
-                            }
-
-                            let origin = *variables.var_origin(vid);
-
-                            // Replacing with a new variable in the universe `self.universe`,
-                            // it will be unified later with the original type variable in
-                            // the universe `_universe`.
-                            let new_var_id = variables.new_var(self.universe, origin);
-
-                            let u = self.tcx().mk_ty_var(new_var_id);
-                            debug!("generalize: replacing original vid={:?} with new={:?}", vid, u);
-                            Ok(u)
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            ty::Infer(ty::IntVar(_) | ty::FloatVar(_)) => {
-                // No matter what mode we are in,
-                // integer/floating-point types must be equal to be
-                // relatable.
-                Ok(a)
-            }
-
-            ty::Placeholder(placeholder) => {
-                if self.universe.cannot_name(placeholder.universe) {
-                    debug!(
-                        "TypeGeneralizer::tys: root universe {:?} cannot name\
-                         placeholder in universe {:?}",
-                        self.universe, placeholder.universe
-                    );
-                    Err(TypeError::Mismatch)
-                } else {
-                    Ok(a)
-                }
-            }
-
-            _ => relate::super_relate_tys(self, a, a),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn regions(
-        &mut self,
-        a: ty::Region<'tcx>,
-        _: ty::Region<'tcx>,
-    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Region<'tcx>> {
-        debug!("TypeGeneralizer::regions(a={:?})", a);
-
-        if let ty::ReLateBound(..) = *a {
-            return Ok(a);
-        }
-
-        // For now, we just always create a fresh region variable to
-        // replace all the regions in the source type. In the main
-        // type checker, we special case the case where the ambient
-        // variance is `Invariant` and try to avoid creating a fresh
-        // region variable, but since this comes up so much less in
-        // NLL (only when users use `_` etc) it is much less
-        // important.
-        //
-        // As an aside, since these new variables are created in
-        // `self.universe` universe, this also serves to enforce the
-        // universe scoping rules.
-        //
-        // FIXME(#54105) -- if the ambient variance is bivariant,
-        // though, we may however need to check well-formedness or
-        // risk a problem like #41677 again.
-        let replacement_region_vid = self.delegate.generalize_existential(self.universe);
-
-        Ok(replacement_region_vid)
-    }
-
-    fn consts(
-        &mut self,
-        a: ty::Const<'tcx>,
-        _: ty::Const<'tcx>,
-    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Const<'tcx>> {
-        match a.kind() {
-            ty::ConstKind::Infer(InferConst::Var(_)) if D::forbid_inference_vars() => {
-                bug!("unexpected inference variable encountered in NLL generalization: {:?}", a);
-            }
-            ty::ConstKind::Infer(InferConst::Var(vid)) => {
-                let mut inner = self.infcx.inner.borrow_mut();
-                let variable_table = &mut inner.const_unification_table();
-                let var_value = variable_table.probe_value(vid);
-                match var_value.val.known() {
-                    Some(u) => self.relate(u, u),
-                    None => {
-                        let new_var_id = variable_table.new_key(ConstVarValue {
-                            origin: var_value.origin,
-                            val: ConstVariableValue::Unknown { universe: self.universe },
-                        });
-                        Ok(self.tcx().mk_const(new_var_id, a.ty()))
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            ty::ConstKind::Unevaluated(..) if self.tcx().lazy_normalization() => Ok(a),
-            _ => relate::super_relate_consts(self, a, a),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn binders<T>(
-        &mut self,
-        a: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
-        _: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>,
-    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Binder<'tcx, T>>
-    where
-        T: Relate<'tcx>,
-    {
-        debug!("TypeGeneralizer::binders(a={:?})", a);
-        let result = self.relate(a.skip_binder(), a.skip_binder())?;
-        Ok(a.rebind(result))
-    }
-}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/opaque_types.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/opaque_types.rs
index 362b22b23a8..105a3f08c82 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/opaque_types.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/opaque_types.rs
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 use super::type_variable::{TypeVariableOrigin, TypeVariableOriginKind};
 use super::{DefineOpaqueTypes, InferResult};
 use crate::errors::OpaqueHiddenTypeDiag;
-use crate::infer::{DefiningAnchor, InferCtxt, InferOk};
-use crate::traits;
+use crate::infer::{InferCtxt, InferOk};
+use crate::traits::{self, PredicateObligation};
 use hir::def_id::{DefId, LocalDefId};
 use hir::OpaqueTyOrigin;
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxIndexMap;
 use rustc_data_structures::sync::Lrc;
 use rustc_hir as hir;
-use rustc_middle::traits::ObligationCause;
+use rustc_middle::traits::{DefiningAnchor, ObligationCause};
 use rustc_middle::ty::error::{ExpectedFound, TypeError};
 use rustc_middle::ty::fold::BottomUpFolder;
 use rustc_middle::ty::GenericArgKind;
@@ -48,12 +48,18 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
         span: Span,
         param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
     ) -> InferOk<'tcx, T> {
+        // We handle opaque types differently in the new solver.
+        if self.tcx.trait_solver_next() {
+            return InferOk { value, obligations: vec![] };
+        }
+
         if !value.has_opaque_types() {
             return InferOk { value, obligations: vec![] };
         }
+
         let mut obligations = vec![];
         let replace_opaque_type = |def_id: DefId| {
-            def_id.as_local().map_or(false, |def_id| self.opaque_type_origin(def_id).is_some())
+            def_id.as_local().is_some_and(|def_id| self.opaque_type_origin(def_id).is_some())
         };
         let value = value.fold_with(&mut BottomUpFolder {
             tcx: self.tcx,
@@ -149,7 +155,7 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
                     // no one encounters it in practice.
                     // It does occur however in `fn fut() -> impl Future<Output = i32> { async { 42 } }`,
                     // where it is of no concern, so we only check for TAITs.
-                    if let Some(OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias) =
+                    if let Some(OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias { .. }) =
                         b_def_id.as_local().and_then(|b_def_id| self.opaque_type_origin(b_def_id))
                     {
                         self.tcx.sess.emit_err(OpaqueHiddenTypeDiag {
@@ -381,8 +387,12 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
             // Anonymous `impl Trait`
             hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::FnReturn(parent) => parent == parent_def_id,
             // Named `type Foo = impl Bar;`
-            hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias => {
-                may_define_opaque_type(self.tcx, parent_def_id, opaque_hir_id)
+            hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias { in_assoc_ty } => {
+                if in_assoc_ty {
+                    self.tcx.opaque_types_defined_by(parent_def_id).contains(&def_id)
+                } else {
+                    may_define_opaque_type(self.tcx, parent_def_id, opaque_hir_id)
+                }
             }
         };
         in_definition_scope.then_some(origin)
@@ -517,29 +527,80 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
         origin: hir::OpaqueTyOrigin,
         a_is_expected: bool,
     ) -> InferResult<'tcx, ()> {
-        let tcx = self.tcx;
-        let OpaqueTypeKey { def_id, substs } = opaque_type_key;
-
         // Ideally, we'd get the span where *this specific `ty` came
         // from*, but right now we just use the span from the overall
         // value being folded. In simple cases like `-> impl Foo`,
         // these are the same span, but not in cases like `-> (impl
         // Foo, impl Bar)`.
         let span = cause.span;
+        let mut obligations = if self.intercrate {
+            // During intercrate we do not define opaque types but instead always
+            // force ambiguity unless the hidden type is known to not implement
+            // our trait.
+            vec![traits::Obligation::new(
+                self.tcx,
+                cause.clone(),
+                param_env,
+                ty::PredicateKind::Ambiguous,
+            )]
+        } else {
+            let prev = self.inner.borrow_mut().opaque_types().register(
+                opaque_type_key,
+                OpaqueHiddenType { ty: hidden_ty, span },
+                origin,
+            );
+            if let Some(prev) = prev {
+                self.at(&cause, param_env)
+                    .eq_exp(DefineOpaqueTypes::Yes, a_is_expected, prev, hidden_ty)?
+                    .obligations
+            } else {
+                Vec::new()
+            }
+        };
 
-        let mut obligations = vec![];
-        let prev = self.inner.borrow_mut().opaque_types().register(
-            OpaqueTypeKey { def_id, substs },
-            OpaqueHiddenType { ty: hidden_ty, span },
-            origin,
+        self.add_item_bounds_for_hidden_type(
+            opaque_type_key,
+            cause,
+            param_env,
+            hidden_ty,
+            &mut obligations,
         );
-        if let Some(prev) = prev {
-            obligations = self
-                .at(&cause, param_env)
-                .eq_exp(DefineOpaqueTypes::Yes, a_is_expected, prev, hidden_ty)?
-                .obligations;
-        }
 
+        Ok(InferOk { value: (), obligations })
+    }
+
+    /// Registers an opaque's hidden type -- only should be used when the opaque
+    /// can be defined. For something more fallible -- checks the anchors, tries
+    /// to unify opaques in both dirs, etc. -- use `InferCtxt::handle_opaque_type`.
+    pub fn register_hidden_type_in_new_solver(
+        &self,
+        opaque_type_key: OpaqueTypeKey<'tcx>,
+        param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
+        hidden_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
+    ) -> InferResult<'tcx, ()> {
+        assert!(self.tcx.trait_solver_next());
+        let origin = self
+            .opaque_type_origin(opaque_type_key.def_id)
+            .expect("should be called for defining usages only");
+        self.register_hidden_type(
+            opaque_type_key,
+            ObligationCause::dummy(),
+            param_env,
+            hidden_ty,
+            origin,
+            true,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn add_item_bounds_for_hidden_type(
+        &self,
+        OpaqueTypeKey { def_id, substs }: OpaqueTypeKey<'tcx>,
+        cause: ObligationCause<'tcx>,
+        param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
+        hidden_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
+        obligations: &mut Vec<PredicateObligation<'tcx>>,
+    ) {
+        let tcx = self.tcx;
         let item_bounds = tcx.explicit_item_bounds(def_id);
 
         for (predicate, _) in item_bounds.subst_iter_copied(tcx, substs) {
@@ -552,14 +613,15 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
                     // FIXME(inherent_associated_types): Extend this to support `ty::Inherent`, too.
                     ty::Alias(ty::Projection, projection_ty)
                         if !projection_ty.has_escaping_bound_vars()
-                            && !tcx.is_impl_trait_in_trait(projection_ty.def_id) =>
+                            && !tcx.is_impl_trait_in_trait(projection_ty.def_id)
+                            && !tcx.trait_solver_next() =>
                     {
                         self.infer_projection(
                             param_env,
                             projection_ty,
                             cause.clone(),
                             0,
-                            &mut obligations,
+                            obligations,
                         )
                     }
                     // Replace all other mentions of the same opaque type with the hidden type,
@@ -585,10 +647,10 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
                 predicate.kind().skip_binder()
             {
                 if projection.term.references_error() {
-                    // No point on adding these obligations since there's a type error involved.
-                    return Ok(InferOk { value: (), obligations: vec![] });
+                    // No point on adding any obligations since there's a type error involved.
+                    obligations.clear();
+                    return;
                 }
-                trace!("{:#?}", projection.term);
             }
             // Require that the predicate holds for the concrete type.
             debug!(?predicate);
@@ -599,7 +661,6 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
                 predicate,
             ));
         }
-        Ok(InferOk { value: (), obligations })
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/test_type_match.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/test_type_match.rs
index 75ce0f83fd6..cd2462d3c31 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/test_type_match.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/test_type_match.rs
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeRelation<'tcx> for Match<'tcx> {
         } else if pattern == value {
             Ok(pattern)
         } else {
-            relate::super_relate_tys(self, pattern, value)
+            relate::structurally_relate_tys(self, pattern, value)
         }
     }
 
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeRelation<'tcx> for Match<'tcx> {
         if pattern == value {
             Ok(pattern)
         } else {
-            relate::super_relate_consts(self, pattern, value)
+            relate::structurally_relate_consts(self, pattern, value)
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/verify.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/verify.rs
index c2bf0f3db25..59ae2ce6c60 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/verify.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/verify.rs
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> VerifyBoundCx<'cx, 'tcx> {
     ) -> impl Iterator<Item = ty::Region<'tcx>> {
         let tcx = self.tcx;
         let bounds = tcx.item_bounds(alias_ty.def_id);
-        trace!("{:#?}", bounds.0);
+        trace!("{:#?}", bounds.skip_binder());
         bounds
             .subst_iter(tcx, alias_ty.substs)
             .filter_map(|p| p.to_opt_type_outlives())
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/region_constraints/leak_check.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/region_constraints/leak_check.rs
index 89cfc9ea3d1..dd65f66ccd1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/region_constraints/leak_check.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/region_constraints/leak_check.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ use crate::infer::CombinedSnapshot;
 use rustc_data_structures::{
     fx::FxIndexMap,
     graph::{scc::Sccs, vec_graph::VecGraph},
-    undo_log::UndoLogs,
 };
 use rustc_index::Idx;
 use rustc_middle::ty::error::TypeError;
@@ -13,7 +12,9 @@ impl<'tcx> RegionConstraintCollector<'_, 'tcx> {
     /// Searches new universes created during `snapshot`, looking for
     /// placeholders that may "leak" out from the universes they are contained
     /// in. If any leaking placeholders are found, then an `Err` is returned
-    /// (typically leading to the snapshot being reversed).
+    /// (typically leading to the snapshot being reversed). This algorithm
+    /// only looks at placeholders which cannot be named by `outer_universe`,
+    /// as this is the universe we're currently checking for a leak.
     ///
     /// The leak check *used* to be the only way we had to handle higher-ranked
     /// obligations. Now that we have integrated universes into the region
@@ -55,6 +56,12 @@ impl<'tcx> RegionConstraintCollector<'_, 'tcx> {
     ///   * if they must also be equal to a placeholder P, and U cannot name P, report an error, as that
     ///     indicates `P: R` and `R` is in an incompatible universe
     ///
+    /// To improve performance and for the old trait solver caching to be sound, this takes
+    /// an optional snapshot in which case we only look at region constraints added in that
+    /// snapshot. If we were to not do that the `leak_check` during evaluation can rely on
+    /// region constraints added outside of that evaluation. As that is not reflected in the
+    /// cache key this would be unsound.
+    ///
     /// # Historical note
     ///
     /// Older variants of the leak check used to report errors for these
@@ -62,36 +69,21 @@ impl<'tcx> RegionConstraintCollector<'_, 'tcx> {
     ///
     /// * R: P1, even if R cannot name P1, because R = 'static is a valid sol'n
     /// * R: P1, R: P2, as above
+    #[instrument(level = "debug", skip(self, tcx, only_consider_snapshot), ret)]
     pub fn leak_check(
         &mut self,
         tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-        overly_polymorphic: bool,
+        outer_universe: ty::UniverseIndex,
         max_universe: ty::UniverseIndex,
-        snapshot: &CombinedSnapshot<'tcx>,
+        only_consider_snapshot: Option<&CombinedSnapshot<'tcx>>,
     ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ()> {
-        debug!(
-            "leak_check(max_universe={:?}, snapshot.universe={:?}, overly_polymorphic={:?})",
-            max_universe, snapshot.universe, overly_polymorphic
-        );
-
-        assert!(UndoLogs::<super::UndoLog<'_>>::in_snapshot(&self.undo_log));
-
-        let universe_at_start_of_snapshot = snapshot.universe;
-        if universe_at_start_of_snapshot == max_universe {
+        if outer_universe == max_universe {
             return Ok(());
         }
 
-        let mini_graph =
-            &MiniGraph::new(tcx, self.undo_log.region_constraints(), &self.storage.data.verifys);
+        let mini_graph = &MiniGraph::new(tcx, &self, only_consider_snapshot);
 
-        let mut leak_check = LeakCheck::new(
-            tcx,
-            universe_at_start_of_snapshot,
-            max_universe,
-            overly_polymorphic,
-            mini_graph,
-            self,
-        );
+        let mut leak_check = LeakCheck::new(tcx, outer_universe, max_universe, mini_graph, self);
         leak_check.assign_placeholder_values()?;
         leak_check.propagate_scc_value()?;
         Ok(())
@@ -100,9 +92,7 @@ impl<'tcx> RegionConstraintCollector<'_, 'tcx> {
 
 struct LeakCheck<'me, 'tcx> {
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-    universe_at_start_of_snapshot: ty::UniverseIndex,
-    /// Only used when reporting region errors.
-    overly_polymorphic: bool,
+    outer_universe: ty::UniverseIndex,
     mini_graph: &'me MiniGraph<'tcx>,
     rcc: &'me RegionConstraintCollector<'me, 'tcx>,
 
@@ -130,17 +120,15 @@ struct LeakCheck<'me, 'tcx> {
 impl<'me, 'tcx> LeakCheck<'me, 'tcx> {
     fn new(
         tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-        universe_at_start_of_snapshot: ty::UniverseIndex,
+        outer_universe: ty::UniverseIndex,
         max_universe: ty::UniverseIndex,
-        overly_polymorphic: bool,
         mini_graph: &'me MiniGraph<'tcx>,
         rcc: &'me RegionConstraintCollector<'me, 'tcx>,
     ) -> Self {
         let dummy_scc_universe = SccUniverse { universe: max_universe, region: None };
         Self {
             tcx,
-            universe_at_start_of_snapshot,
-            overly_polymorphic,
+            outer_universe,
             mini_graph,
             rcc,
             scc_placeholders: IndexVec::from_elem_n(None, mini_graph.sccs.num_sccs()),
@@ -165,7 +153,7 @@ impl<'me, 'tcx> LeakCheck<'me, 'tcx> {
 
             // Detect those SCCs that directly contain a placeholder
             if let ty::RePlaceholder(placeholder) = **region {
-                if self.universe_at_start_of_snapshot.cannot_name(placeholder.universe) {
+                if self.outer_universe.cannot_name(placeholder.universe) {
                     self.assign_scc_value(scc, placeholder)?;
                 }
             }
@@ -280,7 +268,7 @@ impl<'me, 'tcx> LeakCheck<'me, 'tcx> {
         placeholder1: ty::PlaceholderRegion,
         placeholder2: ty::PlaceholderRegion,
     ) -> TypeError<'tcx> {
-        self.error(placeholder1, self.tcx.mk_re_placeholder(placeholder2))
+        self.error(placeholder1, ty::Region::new_placeholder(self.tcx, placeholder2))
     }
 
     fn error(
@@ -289,11 +277,7 @@ impl<'me, 'tcx> LeakCheck<'me, 'tcx> {
         other_region: ty::Region<'tcx>,
     ) -> TypeError<'tcx> {
         debug!("error: placeholder={:?}, other_region={:?}", placeholder, other_region);
-        if self.overly_polymorphic {
-            TypeError::RegionsOverlyPolymorphic(placeholder.bound.kind, other_region)
-        } else {
-            TypeError::RegionsInsufficientlyPolymorphic(placeholder.bound.kind, other_region)
-        }
+        TypeError::RegionsInsufficientlyPolymorphic(placeholder.bound.kind, other_region)
     }
 }
 
@@ -379,56 +363,70 @@ struct MiniGraph<'tcx> {
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> MiniGraph<'tcx> {
-    fn new<'a>(
+    fn new(
         tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-        undo_log: impl Iterator<Item = &'a UndoLog<'tcx>>,
-        verifys: &[Verify<'tcx>],
-    ) -> Self
-    where
-        'tcx: 'a,
-    {
+        region_constraints: &RegionConstraintCollector<'_, 'tcx>,
+        only_consider_snapshot: Option<&CombinedSnapshot<'tcx>>,
+    ) -> Self {
         let mut nodes = FxIndexMap::default();
         let mut edges = Vec::new();
 
         // Note that if `R2: R1`, we get a callback `r1, r2`, so `target` is first parameter.
-        Self::iterate_undo_log(tcx, undo_log, verifys, |target, source| {
-            let source_node = Self::add_node(&mut nodes, source);
-            let target_node = Self::add_node(&mut nodes, target);
-            edges.push((source_node, target_node));
-        });
+        Self::iterate_region_constraints(
+            tcx,
+            region_constraints,
+            only_consider_snapshot,
+            |target, source| {
+                let source_node = Self::add_node(&mut nodes, source);
+                let target_node = Self::add_node(&mut nodes, target);
+                edges.push((source_node, target_node));
+            },
+        );
         let graph = VecGraph::new(nodes.len(), edges);
         let sccs = Sccs::new(&graph);
         Self { nodes, sccs }
     }
 
     /// Invokes `each_edge(R1, R2)` for each edge where `R2: R1`
-    fn iterate_undo_log<'a>(
+    fn iterate_region_constraints(
         tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-        undo_log: impl Iterator<Item = &'a UndoLog<'tcx>>,
-        verifys: &[Verify<'tcx>],
+        region_constraints: &RegionConstraintCollector<'_, 'tcx>,
+        only_consider_snapshot: Option<&CombinedSnapshot<'tcx>>,
         mut each_edge: impl FnMut(ty::Region<'tcx>, ty::Region<'tcx>),
-    ) where
-        'tcx: 'a,
-    {
-        for undo_entry in undo_log {
-            match undo_entry {
-                &AddConstraint(Constraint::VarSubVar(a, b)) => {
-                    each_edge(tcx.mk_re_var(a), tcx.mk_re_var(b));
-                }
-                &AddConstraint(Constraint::RegSubVar(a, b)) => {
-                    each_edge(a, tcx.mk_re_var(b));
-                }
-                &AddConstraint(Constraint::VarSubReg(a, b)) => {
-                    each_edge(tcx.mk_re_var(a), b);
-                }
-                &AddConstraint(Constraint::RegSubReg(a, b)) => {
-                    each_edge(a, b);
+    ) {
+        let mut each_constraint = |constraint| match constraint {
+            &Constraint::VarSubVar(a, b) => {
+                each_edge(ty::Region::new_var(tcx, a), ty::Region::new_var(tcx, b));
+            }
+            &Constraint::RegSubVar(a, b) => {
+                each_edge(a, ty::Region::new_var(tcx, b));
+            }
+            &Constraint::VarSubReg(a, b) => {
+                each_edge(ty::Region::new_var(tcx, a), b);
+            }
+            &Constraint::RegSubReg(a, b) => {
+                each_edge(a, b);
+            }
+        };
+
+        if let Some(snapshot) = only_consider_snapshot {
+            for undo_entry in
+                region_constraints.undo_log.region_constraints_in_snapshot(&snapshot.undo_snapshot)
+            {
+                match undo_entry {
+                    AddConstraint(constraint) => {
+                        each_constraint(constraint);
+                    }
+                    &AddVerify(i) => span_bug!(
+                        region_constraints.data().verifys[i].origin.span(),
+                        "we never add verifications while doing higher-ranked things",
+                    ),
+                    &AddCombination(..) | &AddVar(..) => {}
                 }
-                &AddVerify(i) => span_bug!(
-                    verifys[i].origin.span(),
-                    "we never add verifications while doing higher-ranked things",
-                ),
-                &AddCombination(..) | &AddVar(..) => {}
+            }
+        } else {
+            for (constraint, _origin) in &region_constraints.data().constraints {
+                each_constraint(constraint)
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/region_constraints/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/region_constraints/mod.rs
index c7a307b89e4..613da8a0b45 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/region_constraints/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/region_constraints/mod.rs
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ impl<'tcx> RegionConstraintCollector<'_, 'tcx> {
         data
     }
 
-    pub(super) fn data(&self) -> &RegionConstraintData<'tcx> {
+    pub fn data(&self) -> &RegionConstraintData<'tcx> {
         &self.data
     }
 
@@ -610,13 +610,13 @@ impl<'tcx> RegionConstraintCollector<'_, 'tcx> {
         let resolved = ut
             .probe_value(root_vid)
             .get_value_ignoring_universes()
-            .unwrap_or_else(|| tcx.mk_re_var(root_vid));
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| ty::Region::new_var(tcx, root_vid));
 
         // Don't resolve a variable to a region that it cannot name.
         if self.var_universe(vid).can_name(self.universe(resolved)) {
             resolved
         } else {
-            tcx.mk_re_var(vid)
+            ty::Region::new_var(tcx, vid)
         }
     }
 
@@ -637,7 +637,7 @@ impl<'tcx> RegionConstraintCollector<'_, 'tcx> {
     ) -> Region<'tcx> {
         let vars = TwoRegions { a, b };
         if let Some(&c) = self.combine_map(t).get(&vars) {
-            return tcx.mk_re_var(c);
+            return ty::Region::new_var(tcx, c);
         }
         let a_universe = self.universe(a);
         let b_universe = self.universe(b);
@@ -645,7 +645,7 @@ impl<'tcx> RegionConstraintCollector<'_, 'tcx> {
         let c = self.new_region_var(c_universe, MiscVariable(origin.span()));
         self.combine_map(t).insert(vars, c);
         self.undo_log.push(AddCombination(t, vars));
-        let new_r = tcx.mk_re_var(c);
+        let new_r = ty::Region::new_var(tcx, c);
         for old_r in [a, b] {
             match t {
                 Glb => self.make_subregion(origin.clone(), new_r, old_r),
@@ -683,15 +683,10 @@ impl<'tcx> RegionConstraintCollector<'_, 'tcx> {
     }
 
     /// See `InferCtxt::region_constraints_added_in_snapshot`.
-    pub fn region_constraints_added_in_snapshot(&self, mark: &Snapshot<'tcx>) -> Option<bool> {
+    pub fn region_constraints_added_in_snapshot(&self, mark: &Snapshot<'tcx>) -> bool {
         self.undo_log
             .region_constraints_in_snapshot(mark)
-            .map(|&elt| match elt {
-                AddConstraint(constraint) => Some(constraint.involves_placeholders()),
-                _ => None,
-            })
-            .max()
-            .unwrap_or(None)
+            .any(|&elt| matches!(elt, AddConstraint(_)))
     }
 
     #[inline]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/sub.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/sub.rs
index 3766c250a9c..ceafafb5582 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/sub.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/sub.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use super::combine::{CombineFields, RelationDir};
+use super::combine::CombineFields;
 use super::{DefineOpaqueTypes, ObligationEmittingRelation, SubregionOrigin};
 
 use crate::traits::{Obligation, PredicateObligations};
@@ -108,11 +108,11 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeRelation<'tcx> for Sub<'_, '_, 'tcx> {
                 Ok(a)
             }
             (&ty::Infer(TyVar(a_id)), _) => {
-                self.fields.instantiate(b, RelationDir::SupertypeOf, a_id, !self.a_is_expected)?;
+                self.fields.instantiate(b, ty::Contravariant, a_id, !self.a_is_expected)?;
                 Ok(a)
             }
             (_, &ty::Infer(TyVar(b_id))) => {
-                self.fields.instantiate(a, RelationDir::SubtypeOf, b_id, self.a_is_expected)?;
+                self.fields.instantiate(a, ty::Covariant, b_id, self.a_is_expected)?;
                 Ok(a)
             }
 
@@ -131,7 +131,8 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeRelation<'tcx> for Sub<'_, '_, 'tcx> {
             (&ty::Alias(ty::Opaque, ty::AliasTy { def_id, .. }), _)
             | (_, &ty::Alias(ty::Opaque, ty::AliasTy { def_id, .. }))
                 if self.fields.define_opaque_types == DefineOpaqueTypes::Yes
-                    && def_id.is_local() =>
+                    && def_id.is_local()
+                    && !self.tcx().trait_solver_next() =>
             {
                 self.fields.obligations.extend(
                     infcx
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/undo_log.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/undo_log.rs
index 955c54e8515..25d06b21ec8 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/undo_log.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/undo_log.rs
@@ -138,11 +138,9 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtInner<'tcx> {
         }
 
         if self.undo_log.num_open_snapshots == 1 {
-            // The root snapshot. It's safe to clear the undo log because
-            // there's no snapshot further out that we might need to roll back
-            // to.
+            // After the root snapshot the undo log should be empty.
             assert!(snapshot.undo_len == 0);
-            self.undo_log.logs.clear();
+            assert!(self.undo_log.logs.is_empty());
         }
 
         self.undo_log.num_open_snapshots -= 1;
@@ -183,15 +181,6 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtUndoLogs<'tcx> {
         self.logs[s.undo_len..].iter().any(|log| matches!(log, UndoLog::OpaqueTypes(..)))
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn region_constraints(
-        &self,
-    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = &'_ region_constraints::UndoLog<'tcx>> + Clone {
-        self.logs.iter().filter_map(|log| match log {
-            UndoLog::RegionConstraintCollector(log) => Some(log),
-            _ => None,
-        })
-    }
-
     fn assert_open_snapshot(&self, snapshot: &Snapshot<'tcx>) {
         // Failures here may indicate a failure to follow a stack discipline.
         assert!(self.logs.len() >= snapshot.undo_len);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_interface/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_interface/messages.ftl
index 37994899a20..be1a75f020b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_interface/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_interface/messages.ftl
@@ -1,33 +1,43 @@
-interface_ferris_identifier =
-    Ferris cannot be used as an identifier
-    .suggestion = try using their name instead
+interface_cant_emit_mir =
+    could not emit MIR: {$error}
 
 interface_emoji_identifier =
     identifiers cannot contain emoji: `{$ident}`
 
-interface_mixed_bin_crate =
-    cannot mix `bin` crate type with others
-
-interface_mixed_proc_macro_crate =
-    cannot mix `proc-macro` crate type with others
-
 interface_error_writing_dependencies =
     error writing dependencies to `{$path}`: {$error}
 
-interface_input_file_would_be_overwritten =
-    the input file "{$path}" would be overwritten by the generated executable
+interface_failed_writing_file =
+    failed to write file {$path}: {$error}"
+
+interface_ferris_identifier =
+    Ferris cannot be used as an identifier
+    .suggestion = try using their name instead
 
 interface_generated_file_conflicts_with_directory =
     the generated executable for the input file "{$input_path}" conflicts with the existing directory "{$dir_path}"
 
-interface_temps_dir_error =
-    failed to find or create the directory specified by `--temps-dir`
+interface_ignoring_extra_filename = ignoring -C extra-filename flag due to -o flag
+
+interface_ignoring_out_dir = ignoring --out-dir flag due to -o flag
+
+interface_input_file_would_be_overwritten =
+    the input file "{$path}" would be overwritten by the generated executable
+
+interface_mixed_bin_crate =
+    cannot mix `bin` crate type with others
+
+interface_mixed_proc_macro_crate =
+    cannot mix `proc-macro` crate type with others
+
+interface_multiple_output_types_adaption =
+    due to multiple output types requested, the explicitly specified output file name will be adapted for each output type
 
 interface_out_dir_error =
     failed to find or create the directory specified by `--out-dir`
 
-interface_cant_emit_mir =
-    could not emit MIR: {$error}
+interface_proc_macro_crate_panic_abort =
+    building proc macro crate with `panic=abort` may crash the compiler should the proc-macro panic
 
 interface_rustc_error_fatal =
     fatal error triggered by #[rustc_error]
@@ -35,18 +45,8 @@ interface_rustc_error_fatal =
 interface_rustc_error_unexpected_annotation =
     unexpected annotation used with `#[rustc_error(...)]`!
 
-interface_failed_writing_file =
-    failed to write file {$path}: {$error}"
-
-interface_proc_macro_crate_panic_abort =
-    building proc macro crate with `panic=abort` may crash the compiler should the proc-macro panic
+interface_temps_dir_error =
+    failed to find or create the directory specified by `--temps-dir`
 
 interface_unsupported_crate_type_for_target =
     dropping unsupported crate type `{$crate_type}` for target `{$target_triple}`
-
-interface_multiple_output_types_adaption =
-    due to multiple output types requested, the explicitly specified output file name will be adapted for each output type
-
-interface_ignoring_extra_filename = ignoring -C extra-filename flag due to -o flag
-
-interface_ignoring_out_dir = ignoring --out-dir flag due to -o flag
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/interface.rs b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/interface.rs
index 51354c2b127..39d56897999 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/interface.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/interface.rs
@@ -3,12 +3,13 @@ use crate::util;
 use rustc_ast::token;
 use rustc_ast::{self as ast, LitKind, MetaItemKind};
 use rustc_codegen_ssa::traits::CodegenBackend;
+use rustc_data_structures::defer;
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
 use rustc_data_structures::sync::Lrc;
-use rustc_data_structures::OnDrop;
 use rustc_errors::registry::Registry;
 use rustc_errors::{ErrorGuaranteed, Handler};
 use rustc_lint::LintStore;
+use rustc_middle::query::{ExternProviders, Providers};
 use rustc_middle::{bug, ty};
 use rustc_parse::maybe_new_parser_from_source_str;
 use rustc_query_impl::QueryCtxt;
@@ -37,8 +38,7 @@ pub struct Compiler {
     pub(crate) sess: Lrc<Session>,
     codegen_backend: Lrc<Box<dyn CodegenBackend>>,
     pub(crate) register_lints: Option<Box<dyn Fn(&Session, &mut LintStore) + Send + Sync>>,
-    pub(crate) override_queries:
-        Option<fn(&Session, &mut ty::query::Providers, &mut ty::query::ExternProviders)>,
+    pub(crate) override_queries: Option<fn(&Session, &mut Providers, &mut ExternProviders)>,
 }
 
 impl Compiler {
@@ -60,6 +60,11 @@ impl Compiler {
     }
 }
 
+#[allow(rustc::bad_opt_access)]
+pub fn set_thread_safe_mode(sopts: &config::UnstableOptions) {
+    rustc_data_structures::sync::set_dyn_thread_safe_mode(sopts.threads > 1);
+}
+
 /// Converts strings provided as `--cfg [cfgspec]` into a `crate_cfg`.
 pub fn parse_cfgspecs(cfgspecs: Vec<String>) -> FxHashSet<(String, Option<String>)> {
     rustc_span::create_default_session_if_not_set_then(move |_| {
@@ -75,7 +80,7 @@ pub fn parse_cfgspecs(cfgspecs: Vec<String>) -> FxHashSet<(String, Option<String
                     ($reason: expr) => {
                         early_error(
                             ErrorOutputType::default(),
-                            &format!(concat!("invalid `--cfg` argument: `{}` (", $reason, ")"), s),
+                            format!(concat!("invalid `--cfg` argument: `{}` (", $reason, ")"), s),
                         );
                     };
                 }
@@ -134,10 +139,7 @@ pub fn parse_check_cfg(specs: Vec<String>) -> CheckCfg {
                 ($reason: expr) => {
                     early_error(
                         ErrorOutputType::default(),
-                        &format!(
-                            concat!("invalid `--check-cfg` argument: `{}` (", $reason, ")"),
-                            s
-                        ),
+                        format!(concat!("invalid `--check-cfg` argument: `{}` (", $reason, ")"), s),
                     )
                 };
             }
@@ -270,8 +272,7 @@ pub struct Config {
     /// the list of queries.
     ///
     /// The second parameter is local providers and the third parameter is external providers.
-    pub override_queries:
-        Option<fn(&Session, &mut ty::query::Providers, &mut ty::query::ExternProviders)>,
+    pub override_queries: Option<fn(&Session, &mut Providers, &mut ExternProviders)>,
 
     /// This is a callback from the driver that is called to create a codegen backend.
     pub make_codegen_backend:
@@ -324,7 +325,7 @@ pub fn run_compiler<R: Send>(config: Config, f: impl FnOnce(&Compiler) -> R + Se
 
             rustc_span::set_source_map(compiler.sess.parse_sess.clone_source_map(), move || {
                 let r = {
-                    let _sess_abort_error = OnDrop(|| {
+                    let _sess_abort_error = defer(|| {
                         compiler.sess.finish_diagnostics(registry);
                     });
 
@@ -347,7 +348,7 @@ pub fn try_print_query_stack(handler: &Handler, num_frames: Option<usize>) {
     // state if it was responsible for triggering the panic.
     let i = ty::tls::with_context_opt(|icx| {
         if let Some(icx) = icx {
-            print_query_stack(QueryCtxt { tcx: icx.tcx }, icx.query, handler, num_frames)
+            print_query_stack(QueryCtxt::new(icx.tcx), icx.query, handler, num_frames)
         } else {
             0
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/passes.rs b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/passes.rs
index 48401eabd1e..42d8d228091 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/passes.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/passes.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use rustc_lint::{unerased_lint_store, BufferedEarlyLint, EarlyCheckNode, LintSto
 use rustc_metadata::creader::CStore;
 use rustc_middle::arena::Arena;
 use rustc_middle::dep_graph::DepGraph;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::{ExternProviders, Providers};
+use rustc_middle::query::{ExternProviders, Providers};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, GlobalCtxt, RegisteredTools, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_mir_build as mir_build;
 use rustc_parse::{parse_crate_from_file, parse_crate_from_source_str, validate_attr};
@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ pub fn register_plugins<'a>(
         crate_name,
         sess.crate_types().contains(&CrateType::Executable),
         sess.opts.cg.metadata.clone(),
+        sess.cfg_version,
     );
     sess.stable_crate_id.set(stable_crate_id).expect("not yet initialized");
     rustc_incremental::prepare_session_directory(sess, crate_name, stable_crate_id)?;
@@ -486,6 +487,11 @@ fn write_out_deps(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, outputs: &OutputFilenames, out_filenames: &[P
             files.push(normalize_path(profile_sample.as_path().to_path_buf()));
         }
 
+        // Debugger visualizer files
+        for debugger_visualizer in tcx.debugger_visualizers(LOCAL_CRATE) {
+            files.push(normalize_path(debugger_visualizer.path.clone().unwrap()));
+        }
+
         if sess.binary_dep_depinfo() {
             if let Some(ref backend) = sess.opts.unstable_opts.codegen_backend {
                 if backend.contains('.') {
@@ -691,6 +697,8 @@ pub fn create_global_ctxt<'tcx>(
         callback(sess, &mut local_providers, &mut extern_providers);
     }
 
+    let incremental = dep_graph.is_fully_enabled();
+
     sess.time("setup_global_ctxt", || {
         gcx_cell.get_or_init(move || {
             TyCtxt::create_global_ctxt(
@@ -700,9 +708,13 @@ pub fn create_global_ctxt<'tcx>(
                 hir_arena,
                 untracked,
                 dep_graph,
-                query_result_on_disk_cache,
                 rustc_query_impl::query_callbacks(arena),
-                rustc_query_impl::query_system_fns(local_providers, extern_providers),
+                rustc_query_impl::query_system(
+                    local_providers,
+                    extern_providers,
+                    query_result_on_disk_cache,
+                    incremental,
+                ),
             )
         })
     })
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/proc_macro_decls.rs b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/proc_macro_decls.rs
index 1c58caa0353..2c8014d8b3a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/proc_macro_decls.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/proc_macro_decls.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use rustc_ast::attr;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::LocalDefId;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
 use rustc_span::symbol::sym;
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/queries.rs b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/queries.rs
index 6483d51a0b9..c441a8ffd6f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/queries.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/queries.rs
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ impl Linker {
 
         if sess.opts.unstable_opts.no_link {
             let rlink_file = self.prepare_outputs.with_extension(config::RLINK_EXT);
-            CodegenResults::serialize_rlink(&rlink_file, &codegen_results)
+            CodegenResults::serialize_rlink(sess, &rlink_file, &codegen_results)
                 .map_err(|error| sess.emit_fatal(FailedWritingFile { path: &rlink_file, error }))?;
             return Ok(());
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/tests.rs b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/tests.rs
index 1bae771e373..28e719a40e5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/tests.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/tests.rs
@@ -52,7 +52,8 @@ fn mk_session(matches: getopts::Matches) -> (Session, CfgSpecs) {
         output_file: None,
         temps_dir,
     };
-    let sess = build_session(sessopts, io, None, registry, vec![], Default::default(), None, None);
+    let sess =
+        build_session(sessopts, io, None, registry, vec![], Default::default(), None, None, "");
     (sess, cfg)
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/util.rs b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/util.rs
index 8d37b1053d8..cb19750203e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/util.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/util.rs
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ pub fn create_session(
     ) {
         Ok(bundle) => bundle,
         Err(e) => {
-            early_error(sopts.error_format, &format!("failed to load fluent bundle: {e}"));
+            early_error(sopts.error_format, format!("failed to load fluent bundle: {e}"));
         }
     };
 
@@ -104,6 +104,7 @@ pub fn create_session(
         lint_caps,
         file_loader,
         target_override,
+        rustc_version_str().unwrap_or("unknown"),
     );
 
     codegen_backend.init(&sess);
@@ -220,13 +221,13 @@ pub(crate) fn run_in_thread_pool_with_globals<F: FnOnce() -> R + Send, R: Send>(
 fn load_backend_from_dylib(path: &Path) -> MakeBackendFn {
     let lib = unsafe { Library::new(path) }.unwrap_or_else(|err| {
         let err = format!("couldn't load codegen backend {path:?}: {err}");
-        early_error(ErrorOutputType::default(), &err);
+        early_error(ErrorOutputType::default(), err);
     });
 
     let backend_sym = unsafe { lib.get::<MakeBackendFn>(b"__rustc_codegen_backend") }
         .unwrap_or_else(|e| {
             let err = format!("couldn't load codegen backend: {e}");
-            early_error(ErrorOutputType::default(), &err);
+            early_error(ErrorOutputType::default(), err);
         });
 
     // Intentionally leak the dynamic library. We can't ever unload it
@@ -320,7 +321,7 @@ fn get_codegen_sysroot(maybe_sysroot: &Option<PathBuf>, backend_name: &str) -> M
             "failed to find a `codegen-backends` folder \
                            in the sysroot candidates:\n* {candidates}"
         );
-        early_error(ErrorOutputType::default(), &err);
+        early_error(ErrorOutputType::default(), err);
     });
     info!("probing {} for a codegen backend", sysroot.display());
 
@@ -331,7 +332,7 @@ fn get_codegen_sysroot(maybe_sysroot: &Option<PathBuf>, backend_name: &str) -> M
             sysroot.display(),
             e
         );
-        early_error(ErrorOutputType::default(), &err);
+        early_error(ErrorOutputType::default(), err);
     });
 
     let mut file: Option<PathBuf> = None;
@@ -359,7 +360,7 @@ fn get_codegen_sysroot(maybe_sysroot: &Option<PathBuf>, backend_name: &str) -> M
                 prev.display(),
                 path.display()
             );
-            early_error(ErrorOutputType::default(), &err);
+            early_error(ErrorOutputType::default(), err);
         }
         file = Some(path.clone());
     }
@@ -368,7 +369,7 @@ fn get_codegen_sysroot(maybe_sysroot: &Option<PathBuf>, backend_name: &str) -> M
         Some(ref s) => load_backend_from_dylib(s),
         None => {
             let err = format!("unsupported builtin codegen backend `{backend_name}`");
-            early_error(ErrorOutputType::default(), &err);
+            early_error(ErrorOutputType::default(), err);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lexer/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_lexer/src/lib.rs
index c07dc19a0ac..d511d2b1280 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lexer/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lexer/src/lib.rs
@@ -582,34 +582,38 @@ impl Cursor<'_> {
         let mut base = Base::Decimal;
         if first_digit == '0' {
             // Attempt to parse encoding base.
-            let has_digits = match self.first() {
+            match self.first() {
                 'b' => {
                     base = Base::Binary;
                     self.bump();
-                    self.eat_decimal_digits()
+                    if !self.eat_decimal_digits() {
+                        return Int { base, empty_int: true };
+                    }
                 }
                 'o' => {
                     base = Base::Octal;
                     self.bump();
-                    self.eat_decimal_digits()
+                    if !self.eat_decimal_digits() {
+                        return Int { base, empty_int: true };
+                    }
                 }
                 'x' => {
                     base = Base::Hexadecimal;
                     self.bump();
-                    self.eat_hexadecimal_digits()
+                    if !self.eat_hexadecimal_digits() {
+                        return Int { base, empty_int: true };
+                    }
                 }
-                // Not a base prefix.
-                '0'..='9' | '_' | '.' | 'e' | 'E' => {
+                // Not a base prefix; consume additional digits.
+                '0'..='9' | '_' => {
                     self.eat_decimal_digits();
-                    true
                 }
+
+                // Also not a base prefix; nothing more to do here.
+                '.' | 'e' | 'E' => {}
+
                 // Just a 0.
                 _ => return Int { base, empty_int: false },
-            };
-            // Base prefix was provided, but there were no digits
-            // after it, e.g. "0x".
-            if !has_digits {
-                return Int { base, empty_int: true };
             }
         } else {
             // No base prefix, parse number in the usual way.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_lint/messages.ftl
index 71cf644eb50..98fe3821947 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/messages.ftl
@@ -5,6 +5,204 @@ lint_array_into_iter =
     .use_explicit_into_iter_suggestion =
         or use `IntoIterator::into_iter(..)` instead of `.into_iter()` to explicitly iterate by value
 
+lint_atomic_ordering_fence = memory fences cannot have `Relaxed` ordering
+    .help = consider using ordering modes `Acquire`, `Release`, `AcqRel` or `SeqCst`
+
+lint_atomic_ordering_invalid = `{$method}`'s failure ordering may not be `Release` or `AcqRel`, since a failed `{$method}` does not result in a write
+    .label = invalid failure ordering
+    .help = consider using `Acquire` or `Relaxed` failure ordering instead
+
+lint_atomic_ordering_load = atomic loads cannot have `Release` or `AcqRel` ordering
+    .help = consider using ordering modes `Acquire`, `SeqCst` or `Relaxed`
+
+lint_atomic_ordering_store = atomic stores cannot have `Acquire` or `AcqRel` ordering
+    .help = consider using ordering modes `Release`, `SeqCst` or `Relaxed`
+
+lint_bad_attribute_argument = bad attribute argument
+
+lint_bad_opt_access = {$msg}
+
+lint_builtin_allow_internal_unsafe =
+    `allow_internal_unsafe` allows defining macros using unsafe without triggering the `unsafe_code` lint at their call site
+
+lint_builtin_anonymous_params = anonymous parameters are deprecated and will be removed in the next edition
+    .suggestion = try naming the parameter or explicitly ignoring it
+
+lint_builtin_asm_labels = avoid using named labels in inline assembly
+
+lint_builtin_box_pointers = type uses owned (Box type) pointers: {$ty}
+
+lint_builtin_clashing_extern_diff_name = `{$this}` redeclares `{$orig}` with a different signature
+    .previous_decl_label = `{$orig}` previously declared here
+    .mismatch_label = this signature doesn't match the previous declaration
+
+lint_builtin_clashing_extern_same_name = `{$this}` redeclared with a different signature
+    .previous_decl_label = `{$orig}` previously declared here
+    .mismatch_label = this signature doesn't match the previous declaration
+lint_builtin_const_no_mangle = const items should never be `#[no_mangle]`
+    .suggestion = try a static value
+
+lint_builtin_decl_unsafe_fn = declaration of an `unsafe` function
+lint_builtin_decl_unsafe_method = declaration of an `unsafe` method
+lint_builtin_deprecated_attr_default_suggestion = remove this attribute
+
+lint_builtin_deprecated_attr_link = use of deprecated attribute `{$name}`: {$reason}. See {$link}
+    .msg_suggestion = {$msg}
+    .default_suggestion = remove this attribute
+lint_builtin_deprecated_attr_used = use of deprecated attribute `{$name}`: no longer used.
+lint_builtin_deref_nullptr = dereferencing a null pointer
+    .label = this code causes undefined behavior when executed
+
+lint_builtin_ellipsis_inclusive_range_patterns = `...` range patterns are deprecated
+    .suggestion = use `..=` for an inclusive range
+
+lint_builtin_explicit_outlives = outlives requirements can be inferred
+    .suggestion = remove {$count ->
+        [one] this bound
+        *[other] these bounds
+    }
+
+lint_builtin_export_name_fn = declaration of a function with `export_name`
+lint_builtin_export_name_method = declaration of a method with `export_name`
+
+lint_builtin_export_name_static = declaration of a static with `export_name`
+lint_builtin_impl_unsafe_method = implementation of an `unsafe` method
+
+lint_builtin_incomplete_features = the feature `{$name}` is incomplete and may not be safe to use and/or cause compiler crashes
+    .note = see issue #{$n} <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/{$n}> for more information
+    .help = consider using `min_{$name}` instead, which is more stable and complete
+
+lint_builtin_keyword_idents = `{$kw}` is a keyword in the {$next} edition
+    .suggestion = you can use a raw identifier to stay compatible
+
+lint_builtin_link_section_fn = declaration of a function with `link_section`
+
+lint_builtin_link_section_static = declaration of a static with `link_section`
+
+lint_builtin_missing_copy_impl = type could implement `Copy`; consider adding `impl Copy`
+
+lint_builtin_missing_debug_impl =
+    type does not implement `{$debug}`; consider adding `#[derive(Debug)]` or a manual implementation
+
+lint_builtin_missing_doc = missing documentation for {$article} {$desc}
+
+lint_builtin_mutable_transmutes =
+    transmuting &T to &mut T is undefined behavior, even if the reference is unused, consider instead using an UnsafeCell
+
+lint_builtin_no_mangle_fn = declaration of a `no_mangle` function
+lint_builtin_no_mangle_generic = functions generic over types or consts must be mangled
+    .suggestion = remove this attribute
+
+lint_builtin_no_mangle_method = declaration of a `no_mangle` method
+lint_builtin_no_mangle_static = declaration of a `no_mangle` static
+lint_builtin_non_shorthand_field_patterns = the `{$ident}:` in this pattern is redundant
+    .suggestion = use shorthand field pattern
+
+lint_builtin_overridden_symbol_name =
+    the linker's behavior with multiple libraries exporting duplicate symbol names is undefined and Rust cannot provide guarantees when you manually override them
+
+lint_builtin_overridden_symbol_section =
+    the program's behavior with overridden link sections on items is unpredictable and Rust cannot provide guarantees when you manually override them
+
+lint_builtin_special_module_name_used_lib = found module declaration for lib.rs
+    .note = lib.rs is the root of this crate's library target
+    .help = to refer to it from other targets, use the library's name as the path
+
+lint_builtin_special_module_name_used_main = found module declaration for main.rs
+    .note = a binary crate cannot be used as library
+
+lint_builtin_trivial_bounds = {$predicate_kind_name} bound {$predicate} does not depend on any type or lifetime parameters
+
+lint_builtin_type_alias_bounds_help = use fully disambiguated paths (i.e., `<T as Trait>::Assoc`) to refer to associated types in type aliases
+
+lint_builtin_type_alias_generic_bounds = bounds on generic parameters are not enforced in type aliases
+    .suggestion = the bound will not be checked when the type alias is used, and should be removed
+
+lint_builtin_type_alias_where_clause = where clauses are not enforced in type aliases
+    .suggestion = the clause will not be checked when the type alias is used, and should be removed
+
+lint_builtin_unexpected_cli_config_name = unexpected `{$name}` as condition name
+    .help = was set with `--cfg` but isn't in the `--check-cfg` expected names
+
+lint_builtin_unexpected_cli_config_value = unexpected condition value `{$value}` for condition name `{$name}`
+    .help = was set with `--cfg` but isn't in the `--check-cfg` expected values
+
+lint_builtin_unnameable_test_items = cannot test inner items
+
+lint_builtin_unpermitted_type_init_label = this code causes undefined behavior when executed
+lint_builtin_unpermitted_type_init_label_suggestion = help: use `MaybeUninit<T>` instead, and only call `assume_init` after initialization is done
+
+lint_builtin_unpermitted_type_init_uninit = the type `{$ty}` does not permit being left uninitialized
+
+lint_builtin_unpermitted_type_init_zeroed = the type `{$ty}` does not permit zero-initialization
+lint_builtin_unreachable_pub = unreachable `pub` {$what}
+    .suggestion = consider restricting its visibility
+    .help = or consider exporting it for use by other crates
+
+lint_builtin_unsafe_block = usage of an `unsafe` block
+
+lint_builtin_unsafe_impl = implementation of an `unsafe` trait
+
+lint_builtin_unsafe_trait = declaration of an `unsafe` trait
+
+lint_builtin_unstable_features = unstable feature
+
+lint_builtin_unused_doc_comment = unused doc comment
+    .label = rustdoc does not generate documentation for {$kind}
+    .plain_help = use `//` for a plain comment
+    .block_help = use `/* */` for a plain comment
+
+lint_builtin_while_true = denote infinite loops with `loop {"{"} ... {"}"}`
+    .suggestion = use `loop`
+
+lint_cast_ref_to_mut = casting `&T` to `&mut T` is undefined behavior, even if the reference is unused, consider instead using an `UnsafeCell`
+
+lint_check_name_deprecated = lint name `{$lint_name}` is deprecated and does not have an effect anymore. Use: {$new_name}
+
+lint_check_name_unknown = unknown lint: `{$lint_name}`
+    .help = did you mean: `{$suggestion}`
+
+lint_check_name_unknown_tool = unknown lint tool: `{$tool_name}`
+
+lint_check_name_warning = {$msg}
+
+lint_command_line_source = `forbid` lint level was set on command line
+
+lint_confusable_identifier_pair = identifier pair considered confusable between `{$existing_sym}` and `{$sym}`
+    .label = this is where the previous identifier occurred
+
+lint_cstring_ptr = getting the inner pointer of a temporary `CString`
+    .as_ptr_label = this pointer will be invalid
+    .unwrap_label = this `CString` is deallocated at the end of the statement, bind it to a variable to extend its lifetime
+    .note = pointers do not have a lifetime; when calling `as_ptr` the `CString` will be deallocated at the end of the statement because nothing is referencing it as far as the type system is concerned
+    .help = for more information, see https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/destructors.html
+
+lint_default_hash_types = prefer `{$preferred}` over `{$used}`, it has better performance
+    .note = a `use rustc_data_structures::fx::{$preferred}` may be necessary
+
+lint_default_source = `forbid` lint level is the default for {$id}
+
+lint_deprecated_lint_name =
+    lint name `{$name}` is deprecated and may not have an effect in the future.
+    .suggestion = change it to
+
+lint_diag_out_of_impl =
+    diagnostics should only be created in `IntoDiagnostic`/`AddToDiagnostic` impls
+
+lint_drop_glue =
+    types that do not implement `Drop` can still have drop glue, consider instead using `{$needs_drop}` to detect whether a type is trivially dropped
+
+lint_drop_trait_constraints =
+    bounds on `{$predicate}` are most likely incorrect, consider instead using `{$needs_drop}` to detect whether a type can be trivially dropped
+
+lint_dropping_copy_types = calls to `std::mem::drop` with a value that implements `Copy` does nothing
+    .label = argument has type `{$arg_ty}`
+    .note = use `let _ = ...` to ignore the expression or result
+
+lint_dropping_references = calls to `std::mem::drop` with a reference instead of an owned value does nothing
+    .label = argument has type `{$arg_ty}`
+    .note = use `let _ = ...` to ignore the expression or result
+
 lint_enum_intrinsics_mem_discriminant =
     the return value of `mem::discriminant` is unspecified when called with a non-enum type
     .note = the argument to `discriminant` should be a reference to an enum, but it was passed a reference to a `{$ty_param}`, which is not an enum.
@@ -24,49 +222,12 @@ lint_for_loops_over_fallibles =
     .use_while_let = to check pattern in a loop use `while let`
     .use_question_mark = consider unwrapping the `Result` with `?` to iterate over its contents
 
-lint_map_unit_fn = `Iterator::map` call that discard the iterator's values
-    .note = `Iterator::map`, like many of the methods on `Iterator`, gets executed lazily, meaning that its effects won't be visible until it is iterated
-    .function_label = this function returns `()`, which is likely not what you wanted
-    .argument_label = called `Iterator::map` with callable that returns `()`
-    .map_label = after this call to map, the resulting iterator is `impl Iterator<Item = ()>`, which means the only information carried by the iterator is the number of items
-    .suggestion = you might have meant to use `Iterator::for_each`
-
-lint_non_binding_let_on_sync_lock =
-    non-binding let on a synchronization lock
-
-lint_non_binding_let_on_drop_type =
-    non-binding let on a type that implements `Drop`
-
-lint_non_binding_let_suggestion =
-    consider binding to an unused variable to avoid immediately dropping the value
-
-lint_non_binding_let_multi_suggestion =
-    consider immediately dropping the value
-
-lint_deprecated_lint_name =
-    lint name `{$name}` is deprecated and may not have an effect in the future.
-    .suggestion = change it to
-
-lint_renamed_or_removed_lint = {$msg}
-    .suggestion = use the new name
-
-lint_suspicious_double_ref_op =
-    using `.{$call}()` on a double reference, which returns `{$ty}` instead of {$op ->
-        *[should_not_happen] [{$op}]
-        [deref] dereferencing
-        [borrow] borrowing
-        [clone] cloning
-    } the inner type
-
-lint_unknown_lint =
-    unknown lint: `{$name}`
-    .suggestion = did you mean
-
-lint_ignored_unless_crate_specified = {$level}({$name}) is ignored unless specified at crate level
-
-lint_unknown_gated_lint =
-    unknown lint: `{$name}`
-    .note = the `{$name}` lint is unstable
+lint_forgetting_copy_types = calls to `std::mem::forget` with a value that implements `Copy` does nothing
+    .label = argument has type `{$arg_ty}`
+    .note = use `let _ = ...` to ignore the expression or result
+lint_forgetting_references = calls to `std::mem::forget` with a reference instead of an owned value does nothing
+    .label = argument has type `{$arg_ty}`
+    .note = use `let _ = ...` to ignore the expression or result
 
 lint_hidden_unicode_codepoints = unicode codepoint changing visible direction of text present in {$label}
     .label = this {$label} contains {$count ->
@@ -81,56 +242,119 @@ lint_hidden_unicode_codepoints = unicode codepoint changing visible direction of
     .suggestion_escape = if you want to keep them but make them visible in your source code, you can escape them
     .no_suggestion_note_escape = if you want to keep them but make them visible in your source code, you can escape them: {$escaped}
 
-lint_default_hash_types = prefer `{$preferred}` over `{$used}`, it has better performance
-    .note = a `use rustc_data_structures::fx::{$preferred}` may be necessary
+lint_identifier_non_ascii_char = identifier contains non-ASCII characters
 
-lint_query_instability = using `{$query}` can result in unstable query results
-    .note = if you believe this case to be fine, allow this lint and add a comment explaining your rationale
+lint_identifier_uncommon_codepoints = identifier contains uncommon Unicode codepoints
 
-lint_tykind_kind = usage of `ty::TyKind::<kind>`
-    .suggestion = try using `ty::<kind>` directly
+lint_ignored_unless_crate_specified = {$level}({$name}) is ignored unless specified at crate level
 
-lint_tykind = usage of `ty::TyKind`
-    .help = try using `Ty` instead
+lint_improper_ctypes = `extern` {$desc} uses type `{$ty}`, which is not FFI-safe
+    .label = not FFI-safe
+    .note = the type is defined here
 
-lint_ty_qualified = usage of qualified `ty::{$ty}`
-    .suggestion = try importing it and using it unqualified
+lint_improper_ctypes_128bit = 128-bit integers don't currently have a known stable ABI
 
-lint_lintpass_by_hand = implementing `LintPass` by hand
-    .help = try using `declare_lint_pass!` or `impl_lint_pass!` instead
+lint_improper_ctypes_array_help = consider passing a pointer to the array
 
-lint_non_existent_doc_keyword = found non-existing keyword `{$keyword}` used in `#[doc(keyword = "...")]`
-    .help = only existing keywords are allowed in core/std
+lint_improper_ctypes_array_reason = passing raw arrays by value is not FFI-safe
+lint_improper_ctypes_box = box cannot be represented as a single pointer
 
-lint_diag_out_of_impl =
-    diagnostics should only be created in `IntoDiagnostic`/`AddToDiagnostic` impls
+lint_improper_ctypes_char_help = consider using `u32` or `libc::wchar_t` instead
 
-lint_untranslatable_diag = diagnostics should be created using translatable messages
+lint_improper_ctypes_char_reason = the `char` type has no C equivalent
+lint_improper_ctypes_dyn = trait objects have no C equivalent
 
-lint_trivial_untranslatable_diag = diagnostic with static strings only
+lint_improper_ctypes_enum_phantomdata = this enum contains a PhantomData field
 
-lint_bad_opt_access = {$msg}
+lint_improper_ctypes_enum_repr_help =
+    consider adding a `#[repr(C)]`, `#[repr(transparent)]`, or integer `#[repr(...)]` attribute to this enum
 
-lint_cstring_ptr = getting the inner pointer of a temporary `CString`
-    .as_ptr_label = this pointer will be invalid
-    .unwrap_label = this `CString` is deallocated at the end of the statement, bind it to a variable to extend its lifetime
-    .note = pointers do not have a lifetime; when calling `as_ptr` the `CString` will be deallocated at the end of the statement because nothing is referencing it as far as the type system is concerned
-    .help = for more information, see https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/destructors.html
+lint_improper_ctypes_enum_repr_reason = enum has no representation hint
+lint_improper_ctypes_fnptr_help = consider using an `extern fn(...) -> ...` function pointer instead
 
-lint_multiple_supertrait_upcastable = `{$ident}` is object-safe and has multiple supertraits
+lint_improper_ctypes_fnptr_reason = this function pointer has Rust-specific calling convention
+lint_improper_ctypes_non_exhaustive = this enum is non-exhaustive
+lint_improper_ctypes_non_exhaustive_variant = this enum has non-exhaustive variants
 
-lint_identifier_non_ascii_char = identifier contains non-ASCII characters
+lint_improper_ctypes_only_phantomdata = composed only of `PhantomData`
 
-lint_identifier_uncommon_codepoints = identifier contains uncommon Unicode codepoints
+lint_improper_ctypes_opaque = opaque types have no C equivalent
 
-lint_confusable_identifier_pair = identifier pair considered confusable between `{$existing_sym}` and `{$sym}`
-    .label = this is where the previous identifier occurred
+lint_improper_ctypes_slice_help = consider using a raw pointer instead
+
+lint_improper_ctypes_slice_reason = slices have no C equivalent
+lint_improper_ctypes_str_help = consider using `*const u8` and a length instead
+
+lint_improper_ctypes_str_reason = string slices have no C equivalent
+lint_improper_ctypes_struct_fieldless_help = consider adding a member to this struct
+
+lint_improper_ctypes_struct_fieldless_reason = this struct has no fields
+lint_improper_ctypes_struct_layout_help = consider adding a `#[repr(C)]` or `#[repr(transparent)]` attribute to this struct
+
+lint_improper_ctypes_struct_layout_reason = this struct has unspecified layout
+lint_improper_ctypes_struct_non_exhaustive = this struct is non-exhaustive
+lint_improper_ctypes_struct_zst = this struct contains only zero-sized fields
+
+lint_improper_ctypes_tuple_help = consider using a struct instead
+
+lint_improper_ctypes_tuple_reason = tuples have unspecified layout
+lint_improper_ctypes_union_fieldless_help = consider adding a member to this union
+
+lint_improper_ctypes_union_fieldless_reason = this union has no fields
+lint_improper_ctypes_union_layout_help = consider adding a `#[repr(C)]` or `#[repr(transparent)]` attribute to this union
+
+lint_improper_ctypes_union_layout_reason = this union has unspecified layout
+lint_improper_ctypes_union_non_exhaustive = this union is non-exhaustive
+
+# FIXME: we should ordinalize $valid_up_to when we add support for doing so
+lint_invalid_from_utf8_checked = calls to `{$method}` with a invalid literal always return an error
+    .label = the literal was valid UTF-8 up to the {$valid_up_to} bytes
+
+# FIXME: we should ordinalize $valid_up_to when we add support for doing so
+lint_invalid_from_utf8_unchecked = calls to `{$method}` with a invalid literal are undefined behavior
+    .label = the literal was valid UTF-8 up to the {$valid_up_to} bytes
+
+lint_lintpass_by_hand = implementing `LintPass` by hand
+    .help = try using `declare_lint_pass!` or `impl_lint_pass!` instead
+
+lint_malformed_attribute = malformed lint attribute input
+
+lint_map_unit_fn = `Iterator::map` call that discard the iterator's values
+    .note = `Iterator::map`, like many of the methods on `Iterator`, gets executed lazily, meaning that its effects won't be visible until it is iterated
+    .function_label = this function returns `()`, which is likely not what you wanted
+    .argument_label = called `Iterator::map` with callable that returns `()`
+    .map_label = after this call to map, the resulting iterator is `impl Iterator<Item = ()>`, which means the only information carried by the iterator is the number of items
+    .suggestion = you might have meant to use `Iterator::for_each`
 
 lint_mixed_script_confusables =
     the usage of Script Group `{$set}` in this crate consists solely of mixed script confusables
     .includes_note = the usage includes {$includes}
     .note = please recheck to make sure their usages are indeed what you want
 
+lint_multiple_supertrait_upcastable = `{$ident}` is object-safe and has multiple supertraits
+
+lint_node_source = `forbid` level set here
+    .note = {$reason}
+
+lint_non_binding_let_multi_suggestion =
+    consider immediately dropping the value
+
+lint_non_binding_let_on_drop_type =
+    non-binding let on a type that implements `Drop`
+
+lint_non_binding_let_on_sync_lock =
+    non-binding let on a synchronization lock
+
+lint_non_binding_let_suggestion =
+    consider binding to an unused variable to avoid immediately dropping the value
+
+lint_non_camel_case_type = {$sort} `{$name}` should have an upper camel case name
+    .suggestion = convert the identifier to upper camel case
+    .label = should have an UpperCamelCase name
+
+lint_non_existent_doc_keyword = found non-existing keyword `{$keyword}` used in `#[doc(keyword = "...")]`
+    .help = only existing keywords are allowed in core/std
+
 lint_non_fmt_panic = panic message is not a string literal
     .note = this usage of `{$name}!()` is deprecated; it will be a hard error in Rust 2021
     .more_info_note = for more information, see <https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/edition-guide/rust-2021/panic-macro-consistency.html>
@@ -144,6 +368,14 @@ lint_non_fmt_panic = panic message is not a string literal
         *[false] use
     } std::panic::panic_any instead
 
+lint_non_fmt_panic_braces =
+    panic message contains {$count ->
+        [one] a brace
+        *[other] braces
+    }
+    .note = this message is not used as a format string, but will be in Rust 2021
+    .suggestion = add a "{"{"}{"}"}" format string to use the message literally
+
 lint_non_fmt_panic_unused =
     panic message contains {$count ->
         [one] an unused
@@ -159,18 +391,6 @@ lint_non_fmt_panic_unused =
     }
     .add_fmt_suggestion = or add a "{"{"}{"}"}" format string to use the message literally
 
-lint_non_fmt_panic_braces =
-    panic message contains {$count ->
-        [one] a brace
-        *[other] braces
-    }
-    .note = this message is not used as a format string, but will be in Rust 2021
-    .suggestion = add a "{"{"}{"}"}" format string to use the message literally
-
-lint_non_camel_case_type = {$sort} `{$name}` should have an upper camel case name
-    .suggestion = convert the identifier to upper camel case
-    .label = should have an UpperCamelCase name
-
 lint_non_snake_case = {$sort} `{$name}` should have a snake case name
     .rename_or_convert_suggestion = rename the identifier or convert it to a snake case raw identifier
     .cannot_convert_note = `{$sc}` cannot be used as a raw identifier
@@ -187,29 +407,13 @@ lint_noop_method_call = call to `.{$method}()` on a reference in this situation
     .label = unnecessary method call
     .note = the type `{$receiver_ty}` which `{$method}` is being called on is the same as the type returned from `{$method}`, so the method call does not do anything and can be removed
 
-lint_pass_by_value = passing `{$ty}` by reference
-    .suggestion = try passing by value
-
-lint_redundant_semicolons =
-    unnecessary trailing {$multiple ->
-        [true] semicolons
-        *[false] semicolon
-    }
-    .suggestion = remove {$multiple ->
-        [true] these semicolons
-        *[false] this semicolon
-    }
-
-lint_drop_trait_constraints =
-    bounds on `{$predicate}` are most likely incorrect, consider instead using `{$needs_drop}` to detect whether a type can be trivially dropped
-
-lint_drop_glue =
-    types that do not implement `Drop` can still have drop glue, consider instead using `{$needs_drop}` to detect whether a type is trivially dropped
-
-lint_range_endpoint_out_of_range = range endpoint is out of range for `{$ty}`
+lint_only_cast_u8_to_char = only `u8` can be cast into `char`
+    .suggestion = use a `char` literal instead
 
-lint_range_use_inclusive_range = use an inclusive range instead
+lint_opaque_hidden_inferred_bound = opaque type `{$ty}` does not satisfy its associated type bounds
+    .specifically = this associated type bound is unsatisfied for `{$proj_ty}`
 
+lint_opaque_hidden_inferred_bound_sugg = add this bound
 
 lint_overflowing_bin_hex = literal out of range for `{$ty}`
     .negative_note = the literal `{$lit}` (decimal `{$dec}`) does not fit into the type `{$ty}`
@@ -222,96 +426,92 @@ lint_overflowing_int = literal out of range for `{$ty}`
     .note = the literal `{$lit}` does not fit into the type `{$ty}` whose range is `{$min}..={$max}`
     .help = consider using the type `{$suggestion_ty}` instead
 
-lint_only_cast_u8_to_char = only `u8` can be cast into `char`
-    .suggestion = use a `char` literal instead
-
-lint_overflowing_uint = literal out of range for `{$ty}`
-    .note = the literal `{$lit}` does not fit into the type `{$ty}` whose range is `{$min}..={$max}`
-
 lint_overflowing_literal = literal out of range for `{$ty}`
     .note = the literal `{$lit}` does not fit into the type `{$ty}` and will be converted to `{$ty}::INFINITY`
 
-lint_unused_comparisons = comparison is useless due to type limits
-
-lint_improper_ctypes = `extern` {$desc} uses type `{$ty}`, which is not FFI-safe
-    .label = not FFI-safe
-    .note = the type is defined here
-
-lint_improper_ctypes_opaque = opaque types have no C equivalent
+lint_overflowing_uint = literal out of range for `{$ty}`
+    .note = the literal `{$lit}` does not fit into the type `{$ty}` whose range is `{$min}..={$max}`
 
-lint_improper_ctypes_fnptr_reason = this function pointer has Rust-specific calling convention
-lint_improper_ctypes_fnptr_help = consider using an `extern fn(...) -> ...` function pointer instead
+lint_overruled_attribute = {$lint_level}({$lint_source}) incompatible with previous forbid
+    .label = overruled by previous forbid
 
-lint_improper_ctypes_tuple_reason = tuples have unspecified layout
-lint_improper_ctypes_tuple_help = consider using a struct instead
+lint_pass_by_value = passing `{$ty}` by reference
+    .suggestion = try passing by value
 
-lint_improper_ctypes_str_reason = string slices have no C equivalent
-lint_improper_ctypes_str_help = consider using `*const u8` and a length instead
+lint_path_statement_drop = path statement drops value
+    .suggestion = use `drop` to clarify the intent
 
-lint_improper_ctypes_dyn = trait objects have no C equivalent
+lint_path_statement_no_effect = path statement with no effect
 
-lint_improper_ctypes_slice_reason = slices have no C equivalent
-lint_improper_ctypes_slice_help = consider using a raw pointer instead
+lint_query_instability = using `{$query}` can result in unstable query results
+    .note = if you believe this case to be fine, allow this lint and add a comment explaining your rationale
 
-lint_improper_ctypes_128bit = 128-bit integers don't currently have a known stable ABI
+lint_range_endpoint_out_of_range = range endpoint is out of range for `{$ty}`
 
-lint_improper_ctypes_char_reason = the `char` type has no C equivalent
-lint_improper_ctypes_char_help = consider using `u32` or `libc::wchar_t` instead
+lint_range_use_inclusive_range = use an inclusive range instead
 
-lint_improper_ctypes_non_exhaustive = this enum is non-exhaustive
-lint_improper_ctypes_non_exhaustive_variant = this enum has non-exhaustive variants
 
-lint_improper_ctypes_enum_repr_reason = enum has no representation hint
-lint_improper_ctypes_enum_repr_help =
-    consider adding a `#[repr(C)]`, `#[repr(transparent)]`, or integer `#[repr(...)]` attribute to this enum
+lint_reason_must_be_string_literal = reason must be a string literal
 
-lint_improper_ctypes_struct_fieldless_reason = this struct has no fields
-lint_improper_ctypes_struct_fieldless_help = consider adding a member to this struct
+lint_reason_must_come_last = reason in lint attribute must come last
 
-lint_improper_ctypes_union_fieldless_reason = this union has no fields
-lint_improper_ctypes_union_fieldless_help = consider adding a member to this union
+lint_redundant_semicolons =
+    unnecessary trailing {$multiple ->
+        [true] semicolons
+        *[false] semicolon
+    }
+    .suggestion = remove {$multiple ->
+        [true] these semicolons
+        *[false] this semicolon
+    }
 
-lint_improper_ctypes_struct_non_exhaustive = this struct is non-exhaustive
-lint_improper_ctypes_union_non_exhaustive = this union is non-exhaustive
+lint_renamed_or_removed_lint = {$msg}
+    .suggestion = use the new name
 
-lint_improper_ctypes_struct_layout_reason = this struct has unspecified layout
-lint_improper_ctypes_struct_layout_help = consider adding a `#[repr(C)]` or `#[repr(transparent)]` attribute to this struct
+lint_requested_level = requested on the command line with `{$level} {$lint_name}`
 
-lint_improper_ctypes_union_layout_reason = this union has unspecified layout
-lint_improper_ctypes_union_layout_help = consider adding a `#[repr(C)]` or `#[repr(transparent)]` attribute to this union
+lint_supertrait_as_deref_target = `{$t}` implements `Deref` with supertrait `{$target_principal}` as target
+    .label = target type is set here
 
-lint_improper_ctypes_box = box cannot be represented as a single pointer
+lint_suspicious_double_ref_op =
+    using `.{$call}()` on a double reference, which returns `{$ty}` instead of {$op ->
+        *[should_not_happen] [{$op}]
+        [deref] dereferencing
+        [borrow] borrowing
+        [clone] cloning
+    } the inner type
 
-lint_improper_ctypes_enum_phantomdata = this enum contains a PhantomData field
+lint_trivial_untranslatable_diag = diagnostic with static strings only
 
-lint_improper_ctypes_struct_zst = this struct contains only zero-sized fields
+lint_ty_qualified = usage of qualified `ty::{$ty}`
+    .suggestion = try importing it and using it unqualified
 
-lint_improper_ctypes_array_reason = passing raw arrays by value is not FFI-safe
-lint_improper_ctypes_array_help = consider passing a pointer to the array
+lint_tykind = usage of `ty::TyKind`
+    .help = try using `Ty` instead
 
-lint_improper_ctypes_only_phantomdata = composed only of `PhantomData`
+lint_tykind_kind = usage of `ty::TyKind::<kind>`
+    .suggestion = try using `ty::<kind>` directly
 
-lint_variant_size_differences =
-    enum variant is more than three times larger ({$largest} bytes) than the next largest
+lint_ungated_async_fn_track_caller = `#[track_caller]` on async functions is a no-op
+     .label = this function will not propagate the caller location
 
-lint_atomic_ordering_load = atomic loads cannot have `Release` or `AcqRel` ordering
-    .help = consider using ordering modes `Acquire`, `SeqCst` or `Relaxed`
+lint_unknown_gated_lint =
+    unknown lint: `{$name}`
+    .note = the `{$name}` lint is unstable
 
-lint_atomic_ordering_store = atomic stores cannot have `Acquire` or `AcqRel` ordering
-    .help = consider using ordering modes `Release`, `SeqCst` or `Relaxed`
+lint_unknown_lint =
+    unknown lint: `{$name}`
+    .suggestion = did you mean
 
-lint_atomic_ordering_fence = memory fences cannot have `Relaxed` ordering
-    .help = consider using ordering modes `Acquire`, `Release`, `AcqRel` or `SeqCst`
+lint_unknown_tool_in_scoped_lint = unknown tool name `{$tool_name}` found in scoped lint: `{$tool_name}::{$lint_name}`
+    .help = add `#![register_tool({$tool_name})]` to the crate root
 
-lint_atomic_ordering_invalid = `{$method}`'s failure ordering may not be `Release` or `AcqRel`, since a failed `{$method}` does not result in a write
-    .label = invalid failure ordering
-    .help = consider using `Acquire` or `Relaxed` failure ordering instead
+lint_unsupported_group = `{$lint_group}` lint group is not supported with ´--force-warn´
 
-lint_unused_op = unused {$op} that must be used
-    .label = the {$op} produces a value
-    .suggestion = use `let _ = ...` to ignore the resulting value
+lint_untranslatable_diag = diagnostics should be created using translatable messages
 
-lint_unused_result = unused result of type `{$ty}`
+lint_unused_allocation = unnecessary allocation, use `&` instead
+lint_unused_allocation_mut = unnecessary allocation, use `&mut` instead
 
 lint_unused_closure =
     unused {$pre}{$count ->
@@ -320,203 +520,28 @@ lint_unused_closure =
     }{$post} that must be used
     .note = closures are lazy and do nothing unless called
 
-lint_unused_generator =
-    unused {$pre}{$count ->
-        [one] generator
-        *[other] generator
-    }{$post} that must be used
-    .note = generators are lazy and do nothing unless resumed
+lint_unused_comparisons = comparison is useless due to type limits
 
 lint_unused_def = unused {$pre}`{$def}`{$post} that must be used
     .suggestion = use `let _ = ...` to ignore the resulting value
 
-lint_path_statement_drop = path statement drops value
-    .suggestion = use `drop` to clarify the intent
-
-lint_path_statement_no_effect = path statement with no effect
-
 lint_unused_delim = unnecessary {$delim} around {$item}
     .suggestion = remove these {$delim}
 
-lint_unused_import_braces = braces around {$node} is unnecessary
-
-lint_unused_allocation = unnecessary allocation, use `&` instead
-lint_unused_allocation_mut = unnecessary allocation, use `&mut` instead
-
-lint_builtin_while_true = denote infinite loops with `loop {"{"} ... {"}"}`
-    .suggestion = use `loop`
-
-lint_builtin_box_pointers = type uses owned (Box type) pointers: {$ty}
-
-lint_builtin_non_shorthand_field_patterns = the `{$ident}:` in this pattern is redundant
-    .suggestion = use shorthand field pattern
-
-lint_builtin_overridden_symbol_name =
-    the linker's behavior with multiple libraries exporting duplicate symbol names is undefined and Rust cannot provide guarantees when you manually override them
-
-lint_builtin_overridden_symbol_section =
-    the program's behavior with overridden link sections on items is unpredictable and Rust cannot provide guarantees when you manually override them
-
-lint_builtin_allow_internal_unsafe =
-    `allow_internal_unsafe` allows defining macros using unsafe without triggering the `unsafe_code` lint at their call site
-
-lint_builtin_unsafe_block = usage of an `unsafe` block
-
-lint_builtin_unsafe_trait = declaration of an `unsafe` trait
-
-lint_builtin_unsafe_impl = implementation of an `unsafe` trait
-
-lint_builtin_no_mangle_fn = declaration of a `no_mangle` function
-lint_builtin_export_name_fn = declaration of a function with `export_name`
-lint_builtin_link_section_fn = declaration of a function with `link_section`
-
-lint_builtin_no_mangle_static = declaration of a `no_mangle` static
-lint_builtin_export_name_static = declaration of a static with `export_name`
-lint_builtin_link_section_static = declaration of a static with `link_section`
-
-lint_builtin_no_mangle_method = declaration of a `no_mangle` method
-lint_builtin_export_name_method = declaration of a method with `export_name`
-
-lint_builtin_decl_unsafe_fn = declaration of an `unsafe` function
-lint_builtin_decl_unsafe_method = declaration of an `unsafe` method
-lint_builtin_impl_unsafe_method = implementation of an `unsafe` method
-
-lint_builtin_missing_doc = missing documentation for {$article} {$desc}
-
-lint_builtin_missing_copy_impl = type could implement `Copy`; consider adding `impl Copy`
-
-lint_builtin_missing_debug_impl =
-    type does not implement `{$debug}`; consider adding `#[derive(Debug)]` or a manual implementation
-
-lint_builtin_anonymous_params = anonymous parameters are deprecated and will be removed in the next edition
-    .suggestion = try naming the parameter or explicitly ignoring it
-
-lint_builtin_deprecated_attr_link = use of deprecated attribute `{$name}`: {$reason}. See {$link}
-    .msg_suggestion = {$msg}
-    .default_suggestion = remove this attribute
-lint_builtin_deprecated_attr_used = use of deprecated attribute `{$name}`: no longer used.
-lint_builtin_deprecated_attr_default_suggestion = remove this attribute
-
-lint_builtin_unused_doc_comment = unused doc comment
-    .label = rustdoc does not generate documentation for {$kind}
-    .plain_help = use `//` for a plain comment
-    .block_help = use `/* */` for a plain comment
-
-lint_builtin_no_mangle_generic = functions generic over types or consts must be mangled
-    .suggestion = remove this attribute
-
-lint_builtin_const_no_mangle = const items should never be `#[no_mangle]`
-    .suggestion = try a static value
-
-lint_builtin_mutable_transmutes =
-    transmuting &T to &mut T is undefined behavior, even if the reference is unused, consider instead using an UnsafeCell
-
-lint_builtin_unstable_features = unstable feature
-
-lint_ungated_async_fn_track_caller = `#[track_caller]` on async functions is a no-op
-     .label = this function will not propagate the caller location
-
-lint_builtin_unreachable_pub = unreachable `pub` {$what}
-    .suggestion = consider restricting its visibility
-    .help = or consider exporting it for use by other crates
-
-lint_builtin_unexpected_cli_config_name = unexpected `{$name}` as condition name
-    .help = was set with `--cfg` but isn't in the `--check-cfg` expected names
-
-lint_builtin_unexpected_cli_config_value = unexpected condition value `{$value}` for condition name `{$name}`
-    .help = was set with `--cfg` but isn't in the `--check-cfg` expected values
-
-lint_builtin_type_alias_bounds_help = use fully disambiguated paths (i.e., `<T as Trait>::Assoc`) to refer to associated types in type aliases
-
-lint_builtin_type_alias_where_clause = where clauses are not enforced in type aliases
-    .suggestion = the clause will not be checked when the type alias is used, and should be removed
-
-lint_builtin_type_alias_generic_bounds = bounds on generic parameters are not enforced in type aliases
-    .suggestion = the bound will not be checked when the type alias is used, and should be removed
-
-lint_builtin_trivial_bounds = {$predicate_kind_name} bound {$predicate} does not depend on any type or lifetime parameters
-
-lint_builtin_ellipsis_inclusive_range_patterns = `...` range patterns are deprecated
-    .suggestion = use `..=` for an inclusive range
-
-lint_builtin_unnameable_test_items = cannot test inner items
-
-lint_builtin_keyword_idents = `{$kw}` is a keyword in the {$next} edition
-    .suggestion = you can use a raw identifier to stay compatible
-
-lint_builtin_explicit_outlives = outlives requirements can be inferred
-    .suggestion = remove {$count ->
-        [one] this bound
-        *[other] these bounds
-    }
-
-lint_builtin_incomplete_features = the feature `{$name}` is incomplete and may not be safe to use and/or cause compiler crashes
-    .note = see issue #{$n} <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/{$n}> for more information
-    .help = consider using `min_{$name}` instead, which is more stable and complete
-
-lint_builtin_unpermitted_type_init_zeroed = the type `{$ty}` does not permit zero-initialization
-lint_builtin_unpermitted_type_init_uninit = the type `{$ty}` does not permit being left uninitialized
-
-lint_builtin_unpermitted_type_init_label = this code causes undefined behavior when executed
-lint_builtin_unpermitted_type_init_label_suggestion = help: use `MaybeUninit<T>` instead, and only call `assume_init` after initialization is done
-
-lint_builtin_clashing_extern_same_name = `{$this}` redeclared with a different signature
-    .previous_decl_label = `{$orig}` previously declared here
-    .mismatch_label = this signature doesn't match the previous declaration
-lint_builtin_clashing_extern_diff_name = `{$this}` redeclares `{$orig}` with a different signature
-    .previous_decl_label = `{$orig}` previously declared here
-    .mismatch_label = this signature doesn't match the previous declaration
-
-lint_builtin_deref_nullptr = dereferencing a null pointer
-    .label = this code causes undefined behavior when executed
-
-lint_builtin_asm_labels = avoid using named labels in inline assembly
-
-lint_builtin_special_module_name_used_lib = found module declaration for lib.rs
-    .note = lib.rs is the root of this crate's library target
-    .help = to refer to it from other targets, use the library's name as the path
-
-lint_builtin_special_module_name_used_main = found module declaration for main.rs
-    .note = a binary crate cannot be used as library
-
-lint_supertrait_as_deref_target = `{$t}` implements `Deref` with supertrait `{$target_principal}` as target
-    .label = target type is set here
-
-lint_overruled_attribute = {$lint_level}({$lint_source}) incompatible with previous forbid
-    .label = overruled by previous forbid
-
-lint_default_source = `forbid` lint level is the default for {$id}
-
-lint_node_source = `forbid` level set here
-    .note = {$reason}
-
-lint_command_line_source = `forbid` lint level was set on command line
-
-lint_malformed_attribute = malformed lint attribute input
-
-lint_bad_attribute_argument = bad attribute argument
-
-lint_reason_must_be_string_literal = reason must be a string literal
-
-lint_reason_must_come_last = reason in lint attribute must come last
-
-lint_unknown_tool_in_scoped_lint = unknown tool name `{$tool_name}` found in scoped lint: `{$tool_name}::{$lint_name}`
-    .help = add `#![register_tool({$tool_name})]` to the crate root
-
-lint_unsupported_group = `{$lint_group}` lint group is not supported with ´--force-warn´
-
-lint_requested_level = requested on the command line with `{$level} {$lint_name}`
-
-lint_check_name_unknown = unknown lint: `{$lint_name}`
-    .help = did you mean: `{$suggestion}`
-
-lint_check_name_unknown_tool = unknown lint tool: `{$tool_name}`
+lint_unused_generator =
+    unused {$pre}{$count ->
+        [one] generator
+        *[other] generator
+    }{$post} that must be used
+    .note = generators are lazy and do nothing unless resumed
 
-lint_check_name_warning = {$msg}
+lint_unused_import_braces = braces around {$node} is unnecessary
 
-lint_check_name_deprecated = lint name `{$lint_name}` is deprecated and does not have an effect anymore. Use: {$new_name}
+lint_unused_op = unused {$op} that must be used
+    .label = the {$op} produces a value
+    .suggestion = use `let _ = ...` to ignore the resulting value
 
-lint_opaque_hidden_inferred_bound = opaque type `{$ty}` does not satisfy its associated type bounds
-    .specifically = this associated type bound is unsatisfied for `{$proj_ty}`
+lint_unused_result = unused result of type `{$ty}`
 
-lint_opaque_hidden_inferred_bound_sugg = add this bound
+lint_variant_size_differences =
+    enum variant is more than three times larger ({$largest} bytes) than the next largest
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/builtin.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/builtin.rs
index 0b21a6889f2..213e8db66a0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/builtin.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/builtin.rs
@@ -611,7 +611,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for MissingDoc {
 
 declare_lint! {
     /// The `missing_copy_implementations` lint detects potentially-forgotten
-    /// implementations of [`Copy`].
+    /// implementations of [`Copy`] for public types.
     ///
     /// [`Copy`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Copy.html
     ///
@@ -647,7 +647,9 @@ declare_lint_pass!(MissingCopyImplementations => [MISSING_COPY_IMPLEMENTATIONS])
 
 impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for MissingCopyImplementations {
     fn check_item(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'_>, item: &hir::Item<'_>) {
-        if !cx.effective_visibilities.is_reachable(item.owner_id.def_id) {
+        if !(cx.effective_visibilities.is_reachable(item.owner_id.def_id)
+            && cx.tcx.local_visibility(item.owner_id.def_id).is_public())
+        {
             return;
         }
         let (def, ty) = match item.kind {
@@ -727,7 +729,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for MissingCopyImplementations {
 
 declare_lint! {
     /// The `missing_debug_implementations` lint detects missing
-    /// implementations of [`fmt::Debug`].
+    /// implementations of [`fmt::Debug`] for public types.
     ///
     /// [`fmt::Debug`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/trait.Debug.html
     ///
@@ -766,7 +768,9 @@ impl_lint_pass!(MissingDebugImplementations => [MISSING_DEBUG_IMPLEMENTATIONS]);
 
 impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for MissingDebugImplementations {
     fn check_item(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'_>, item: &hir::Item<'_>) {
-        if !cx.effective_visibilities.is_reachable(item.owner_id.def_id) {
+        if !(cx.effective_visibilities.is_reachable(item.owner_id.def_id)
+            && cx.tcx.local_visibility(item.owner_id.def_id).is_public())
+        {
             return;
         }
 
@@ -957,7 +961,7 @@ fn warn_if_doc(cx: &EarlyContext<'_>, node_span: Span, node_kind: &str, attrs: &
                 Some(sugared_span.map_or(attr.span, |span| span.with_hi(attr.span.hi())));
         }
 
-        if attrs.peek().map_or(false, |next_attr| next_attr.is_doc_comment()) {
+        if attrs.peek().is_some_and(|next_attr| next_attr.is_doc_comment()) {
             continue;
         }
 
@@ -1886,8 +1890,8 @@ declare_lint_pass!(
 struct UnderMacro(bool);
 
 impl KeywordIdents {
-    fn check_tokens(&mut self, cx: &EarlyContext<'_>, tokens: TokenStream) {
-        for tt in tokens.into_trees() {
+    fn check_tokens(&mut self, cx: &EarlyContext<'_>, tokens: &TokenStream) {
+        for tt in tokens.trees() {
             match tt {
                 // Only report non-raw idents.
                 TokenTree::Token(token, _) => {
@@ -1948,10 +1952,10 @@ impl KeywordIdents {
 
 impl EarlyLintPass for KeywordIdents {
     fn check_mac_def(&mut self, cx: &EarlyContext<'_>, mac_def: &ast::MacroDef) {
-        self.check_tokens(cx, mac_def.body.tokens.clone());
+        self.check_tokens(cx, &mac_def.body.tokens);
     }
     fn check_mac(&mut self, cx: &EarlyContext<'_>, mac: &ast::MacCall) {
-        self.check_tokens(cx, mac.args.tokens.clone());
+        self.check_tokens(cx, &mac.args.tokens);
     }
     fn check_ident(&mut self, cx: &EarlyContext<'_>, ident: Ident) {
         self.check_ident_token(cx, UnderMacro(false), ident);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/cast_ref_to_mut.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/cast_ref_to_mut.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..84308d48c10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/cast_ref_to_mut.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+use rustc_ast::Mutability;
+use rustc_hir::{Expr, ExprKind, MutTy, TyKind, UnOp};
+use rustc_middle::ty;
+use rustc_span::sym;
+
+use crate::{lints::CastRefToMutDiag, LateContext, LateLintPass, LintContext};
+
+declare_lint! {
+    /// The `cast_ref_to_mut` lint checks for casts of `&T` to `&mut T`
+    /// without using interior mutability.
+    ///
+    /// ### Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust,compile_fail
+    /// fn x(r: &i32) {
+    ///     unsafe {
+    ///         *(r as *const i32 as *mut i32) += 1;
+    ///     }
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// {{produces}}
+    ///
+    /// ### Explanation
+    ///
+    /// Casting `&T` to `&mut T` without using interior mutability is undefined behavior,
+    /// as it's a violation of Rust reference aliasing requirements.
+    ///
+    /// `UnsafeCell` is the only way to obtain aliasable data that is considered
+    /// mutable.
+    CAST_REF_TO_MUT,
+    Deny,
+    "casts of `&T` to `&mut T` without interior mutability"
+}
+
+declare_lint_pass!(CastRefToMut => [CAST_REF_TO_MUT]);
+
+impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for CastRefToMut {
+    fn check_expr(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, expr: &'tcx Expr<'tcx>) {
+        let ExprKind::Unary(UnOp::Deref, e) = &expr.kind else { return; };
+
+        let e = e.peel_blocks();
+        let e = if let ExprKind::Cast(e, t) = e.kind
+            && let TyKind::Ptr(MutTy { mutbl: Mutability::Mut, .. }) = t.kind {
+            e
+        } else if let ExprKind::MethodCall(_, expr, [], _) = e.kind
+            && let Some(def_id) = cx.typeck_results().type_dependent_def_id(e.hir_id)
+            && cx.tcx.is_diagnostic_item(sym::ptr_cast_mut, def_id) {
+            expr
+        } else {
+            return;
+        };
+
+        let e = e.peel_blocks();
+        let e = if let ExprKind::Cast(e, t) = e.kind
+            && let TyKind::Ptr(MutTy { mutbl: Mutability::Not, .. }) = t.kind {
+            e
+        } else if let ExprKind::Call(path, [arg]) = e.kind
+            && let ExprKind::Path(ref qpath) = path.kind
+            && let Some(def_id) = cx.qpath_res(qpath, path.hir_id).opt_def_id()
+            && cx.tcx.is_diagnostic_item(sym::ptr_from_ref, def_id) {
+            arg
+        } else {
+            return;
+        };
+
+        let e = e.peel_blocks();
+        if let ty::Ref(..) = cx.typeck_results().node_type(e.hir_id).kind() {
+            cx.emit_spanned_lint(CAST_REF_TO_MUT, expr.span, CastRefToMutDiag);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/context.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/context.rs
index 53d7cf74cde..947530a1b65 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/context.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/context.rs
@@ -49,9 +49,9 @@ use std::cell::Cell;
 use std::iter;
 use std::slice;
 
-type EarlyLintPassFactory = dyn Fn() -> EarlyLintPassObject + sync::Send + sync::Sync;
+type EarlyLintPassFactory = dyn Fn() -> EarlyLintPassObject + sync::DynSend + sync::DynSync;
 type LateLintPassFactory =
-    dyn for<'tcx> Fn(TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> LateLintPassObject<'tcx> + sync::Send + sync::Sync;
+    dyn for<'tcx> Fn(TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> LateLintPassObject<'tcx> + sync::DynSend + sync::DynSync;
 
 /// Information about the registered lints.
 ///
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ impl LintStore {
 
     pub fn register_early_pass(
         &mut self,
-        pass: impl Fn() -> EarlyLintPassObject + 'static + sync::Send + sync::Sync,
+        pass: impl Fn() -> EarlyLintPassObject + 'static + sync::DynSend + sync::DynSync,
     ) {
         self.early_passes.push(Box::new(pass));
     }
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ impl LintStore {
     /// * See [rust-clippy#5518](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/pull/5518)
     pub fn register_pre_expansion_pass(
         &mut self,
-        pass: impl Fn() -> EarlyLintPassObject + 'static + sync::Send + sync::Sync,
+        pass: impl Fn() -> EarlyLintPassObject + 'static + sync::DynSend + sync::DynSync,
     ) {
         self.pre_expansion_passes.push(Box::new(pass));
     }
@@ -191,8 +191,8 @@ impl LintStore {
         &mut self,
         pass: impl for<'tcx> Fn(TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> LateLintPassObject<'tcx>
         + 'static
-        + sync::Send
-        + sync::Sync,
+        + sync::DynSend
+        + sync::DynSync,
     ) {
         self.late_passes.push(Box::new(pass));
     }
@@ -201,8 +201,8 @@ impl LintStore {
         &mut self,
         pass: impl for<'tcx> Fn(TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> LateLintPassObject<'tcx>
         + 'static
-        + sync::Send
-        + sync::Sync,
+        + sync::DynSend
+        + sync::DynSync,
     ) {
         self.late_module_passes.push(Box::new(pass));
     }
@@ -952,6 +952,10 @@ pub trait LintContext: Sized {
                     db.span_label(first_reexport_span, format!("the name `{}` in the {} namespace is first re-exported here", name, namespace));
                     db.span_label(duplicate_reexport_span, format!("but the name `{}` in the {} namespace is also re-exported here", name, namespace));
                 }
+                BuiltinLintDiagnostics::HiddenGlobReexports { name, namespace, glob_reexport_span, private_item_span } => {
+                    db.span_label(glob_reexport_span, format!("the name `{}` in the {} namespace is supposed to be publicly re-exported here", name, namespace));
+                    db.span_label(private_item_span, "but the private item here shadows it");
+                }
             }
             // Rewrap `db`, and pass control to the user.
             decorate(db)
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/drop_forget_useless.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/drop_forget_useless.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ed2b384805e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/drop_forget_useless.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+use rustc_hir::{Arm, Expr, ExprKind, Node};
+use rustc_span::sym;
+
+use crate::{
+    lints::{DropCopyDiag, DropRefDiag, ForgetCopyDiag, ForgetRefDiag},
+    LateContext, LateLintPass, LintContext,
+};
+
+declare_lint! {
+    /// The `dropping_references` lint checks for calls to `std::mem::drop` with a reference
+    /// instead of an owned value.
+    ///
+    /// ### Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # fn operation_that_requires_mutex_to_be_unlocked() {} // just to make it compile
+    /// # let mutex = std::sync::Mutex::new(1); // just to make it compile
+    /// let mut lock_guard = mutex.lock();
+    /// std::mem::drop(&lock_guard); // Should have been drop(lock_guard), mutex
+    /// // still locked
+    /// operation_that_requires_mutex_to_be_unlocked();
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// {{produces}}
+    ///
+    /// ### Explanation
+    ///
+    /// Calling `drop` on a reference will only drop the
+    /// reference itself, which is a no-op. It will not call the `drop` method (from
+    /// the `Drop` trait implementation) on the underlying referenced value, which
+    /// is likely what was intended.
+    pub DROPPING_REFERENCES,
+    Warn,
+    "calls to `std::mem::drop` with a reference instead of an owned value"
+}
+
+declare_lint! {
+    /// The `forgetting_references` lint checks for calls to `std::mem::forget` with a reference
+    /// instead of an owned value.
+    ///
+    /// ### Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// let x = Box::new(1);
+    /// std::mem::forget(&x); // Should have been forget(x), x will still be dropped
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// {{produces}}
+    ///
+    /// ### Explanation
+    ///
+    /// Calling `forget` on a reference will only forget the
+    /// reference itself, which is a no-op. It will not forget the underlying
+    /// referenced value, which is likely what was intended.
+    pub FORGETTING_REFERENCES,
+    Warn,
+    "calls to `std::mem::forget` with a reference instead of an owned value"
+}
+
+declare_lint! {
+    /// The `dropping_copy_types` lint checks for calls to `std::mem::drop` with a value
+    /// that derives the Copy trait.
+    ///
+    /// ### Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// let x: i32 = 42; // i32 implements Copy
+    /// std::mem::drop(x); // A copy of x is passed to the function, leaving the
+    ///                    // original unaffected
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// {{produces}}
+    ///
+    /// ### Explanation
+    ///
+    /// Calling `std::mem::drop` [does nothing for types that
+    /// implement Copy](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn.drop.html), since the
+    /// value will be copied and moved into the function on invocation.
+    pub DROPPING_COPY_TYPES,
+    Warn,
+    "calls to `std::mem::drop` with a value that implements Copy"
+}
+
+declare_lint! {
+    /// The `forgetting_copy_types` lint checks for calls to `std::mem::forget` with a value
+    /// that derives the Copy trait.
+    ///
+    /// ### Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// let x: i32 = 42; // i32 implements Copy
+    /// std::mem::forget(x); // A copy of x is passed to the function, leaving the
+    ///                      // original unaffected
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// {{produces}}
+    ///
+    /// ### Explanation
+    ///
+    /// Calling `std::mem::forget` [does nothing for types that
+    /// implement Copy](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn.drop.html) since the
+    /// value will be copied and moved into the function on invocation.
+    ///
+    /// An alternative, but also valid, explanation is that Copy types do not
+    /// implement the Drop trait, which means they have no destructors. Without a
+    /// destructor, there is nothing for `std::mem::forget` to ignore.
+    pub FORGETTING_COPY_TYPES,
+    Warn,
+    "calls to `std::mem::forget` with a value that implements Copy"
+}
+
+declare_lint_pass!(DropForgetUseless => [DROPPING_REFERENCES, FORGETTING_REFERENCES, DROPPING_COPY_TYPES, FORGETTING_COPY_TYPES]);
+
+impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for DropForgetUseless {
+    fn check_expr(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, expr: &'tcx Expr<'tcx>) {
+        if let ExprKind::Call(path, [arg]) = expr.kind
+            && let ExprKind::Path(ref qpath) = path.kind
+            && let Some(def_id) = cx.qpath_res(qpath, path.hir_id).opt_def_id()
+            && let Some(fn_name) = cx.tcx.get_diagnostic_name(def_id)
+        {
+            let arg_ty = cx.typeck_results().expr_ty(arg);
+            let is_copy = arg_ty.is_copy_modulo_regions(cx.tcx, cx.param_env);
+            let drop_is_single_call_in_arm = is_single_call_in_arm(cx, arg, expr);
+            match fn_name {
+                sym::mem_drop if arg_ty.is_ref() && !drop_is_single_call_in_arm => {
+                    cx.emit_spanned_lint(DROPPING_REFERENCES, expr.span, DropRefDiag { arg_ty, label: arg.span });
+                },
+                sym::mem_forget if arg_ty.is_ref() => {
+                    cx.emit_spanned_lint(FORGETTING_REFERENCES, expr.span, ForgetRefDiag { arg_ty, label: arg.span });
+                },
+                sym::mem_drop if is_copy && !drop_is_single_call_in_arm => {
+                    cx.emit_spanned_lint(DROPPING_COPY_TYPES, expr.span, DropCopyDiag { arg_ty, label: arg.span });
+                }
+                sym::mem_forget if is_copy => {
+                    cx.emit_spanned_lint(FORGETTING_COPY_TYPES, expr.span, ForgetCopyDiag { arg_ty, label: arg.span });
+                }
+                _ => return,
+            };
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Dropping returned value of a function, as in the following snippet is considered idiomatic, see
+// rust-lang/rust-clippy#9482 for examples.
+//
+// ```
+// match <var> {
+//     <pat> => drop(fn_with_side_effect_and_returning_some_value()),
+//     ..
+// }
+// ```
+fn is_single_call_in_arm<'tcx>(
+    cx: &LateContext<'tcx>,
+    arg: &'tcx Expr<'_>,
+    drop_expr: &'tcx Expr<'_>,
+) -> bool {
+    if matches!(arg.kind, ExprKind::Call(..) | ExprKind::MethodCall(..)) {
+        let parent_node = cx.tcx.hir().find_parent(drop_expr.hir_id);
+        if let Some(Node::Arm(Arm { body, .. })) = &parent_node {
+            return body.hir_id == drop_expr.hir_id;
+        }
+    }
+    false
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/errors.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/errors.rs
index bbae3d368f4..68167487a1b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/errors.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/errors.rs
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ impl AddToDiagnostic for OverruledAttributeSub {
                 diag.span_label(span, fluent::lint_node_source);
                 if let Some(rationale) = reason {
                     #[allow(rustc::untranslatable_diagnostic)]
-                    diag.note(rationale.as_str());
+                    diag.note(rationale.to_string());
                 }
             }
             OverruledAttributeSub::CommandLineSource => {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/expect.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/expect.rs
index e9eb14ea188..b1266b58a61 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/expect.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/expect.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use crate::lints::{Expectation, ExpectationNote};
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
 use rustc_session::lint::builtin::UNFULFILLED_LINT_EXPECTATIONS;
 use rustc_session::lint::LintExpectationId;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/internal.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/internal.rs
index 0082aaa4a38..6f773e04a97 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/internal.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/internal.rs
@@ -383,9 +383,8 @@ impl LateLintPass<'_> for Diagnostics {
         debug!(?span, ?def_id, ?substs);
         let has_attr = ty::Instance::resolve(cx.tcx, cx.param_env, def_id, substs)
             .ok()
-            .and_then(|inst| inst)
-            .map(|inst| cx.tcx.has_attr(inst.def_id(), sym::rustc_lint_diagnostics))
-            .unwrap_or(false);
+            .flatten()
+            .is_some_and(|inst| cx.tcx.has_attr(inst.def_id(), sym::rustc_lint_diagnostics));
         if !has_attr {
             return;
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/invalid_from_utf8.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/invalid_from_utf8.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3291286ad67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/invalid_from_utf8.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+use std::str::Utf8Error;
+
+use rustc_ast::{BorrowKind, LitKind};
+use rustc_hir::{Expr, ExprKind};
+use rustc_span::source_map::Spanned;
+use rustc_span::sym;
+
+use crate::lints::InvalidFromUtf8Diag;
+use crate::{LateContext, LateLintPass, LintContext};
+
+declare_lint! {
+    /// The `invalid_from_utf8_unchecked` lint checks for calls to
+    /// `std::str::from_utf8_unchecked` and `std::str::from_utf8_unchecked_mut`
+    /// with an invalid UTF-8 literal.
+    ///
+    /// ### Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust,compile_fail
+    /// # #[allow(unused)]
+    /// unsafe {
+    ///     std::str::from_utf8_unchecked(b"Ru\x82st");
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// {{produces}}
+    ///
+    /// ### Explanation
+    ///
+    /// Creating such a `str` would result in undefined behavior as per documentation
+    /// for `std::str::from_utf8_unchecked` and `std::str::from_utf8_unchecked_mut`.
+    pub INVALID_FROM_UTF8_UNCHECKED,
+    Deny,
+    "using a non UTF-8 literal in `std::str::from_utf8_unchecked`"
+}
+
+declare_lint! {
+    /// The `invalid_from_utf8` lint checks for calls to
+    /// `std::str::from_utf8` and `std::str::from_utf8_mut`
+    /// with an invalid UTF-8 literal.
+    ///
+    /// ### Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # #[allow(unused)]
+    /// std::str::from_utf8(b"Ru\x82st");
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// {{produces}}
+    ///
+    /// ### Explanation
+    ///
+    /// Trying to create such a `str` would always return an error as per documentation
+    /// for `std::str::from_utf8` and `std::str::from_utf8_mut`.
+    pub INVALID_FROM_UTF8,
+    Warn,
+    "using a non UTF-8 literal in `std::str::from_utf8`"
+}
+
+declare_lint_pass!(InvalidFromUtf8 => [INVALID_FROM_UTF8_UNCHECKED, INVALID_FROM_UTF8]);
+
+impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for InvalidFromUtf8 {
+    fn check_expr(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, expr: &'tcx Expr<'tcx>) {
+        if let ExprKind::Call(path, [arg]) = expr.kind
+            && let ExprKind::Path(ref qpath) = path.kind
+            && let Some(def_id) = cx.qpath_res(qpath, path.hir_id).opt_def_id()
+            && let Some(diag_item) = cx.tcx.get_diagnostic_name(def_id)
+            && [sym::str_from_utf8, sym::str_from_utf8_mut,
+                sym::str_from_utf8_unchecked, sym::str_from_utf8_unchecked_mut].contains(&diag_item)
+        {
+            let lint = |utf8_error: Utf8Error| {
+                let label = arg.span;
+                let method = diag_item.as_str().strip_prefix("str_").unwrap();
+                let method = format!("std::str::{method}");
+                let valid_up_to = utf8_error.valid_up_to();
+                let is_unchecked_variant = diag_item.as_str().contains("unchecked");
+
+                cx.emit_spanned_lint(
+                    if is_unchecked_variant { INVALID_FROM_UTF8_UNCHECKED } else { INVALID_FROM_UTF8 },
+                    expr.span,
+                    if is_unchecked_variant {
+                        InvalidFromUtf8Diag::Unchecked { method,  valid_up_to, label }
+                    } else {
+                        InvalidFromUtf8Diag::Checked { method,  valid_up_to, label }
+                    }
+                )
+            };
+
+            match &arg.kind {
+                ExprKind::Lit(Spanned { node: lit, .. }) => {
+                    if let LitKind::ByteStr(bytes, _) = &lit
+                        && let Err(utf8_error) = std::str::from_utf8(bytes)
+                    {
+                        lint(utf8_error);
+                    }
+                },
+                ExprKind::AddrOf(BorrowKind::Ref, _, Expr { kind: ExprKind::Array(args), .. }) => {
+                    let elements = args.iter().map(|e|{
+                        match &e.kind {
+                            ExprKind::Lit(Spanned { node: lit, .. }) => match lit {
+                                LitKind::Byte(b) => Some(*b),
+                                LitKind::Int(b, _) => Some(*b as u8),
+                                _ => None
+                            }
+                            _ => None
+                        }
+                    }).collect::<Option<Vec<_>>>();
+
+                    if let Some(elements) = elements
+                        && let Err(utf8_error) = std::str::from_utf8(&elements)
+                    {
+                        lint(utf8_error);
+                    }
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/late.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/late.rs
index b42878a02ee..8a4a451f8a8 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/late.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/late.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 use crate::{passes::LateLintPassObject, LateContext, LateLintPass, LintStore};
 use rustc_ast as ast;
-use rustc_data_structures::sync::join;
+use rustc_data_structures::sync::{join, DynSend};
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::LocalDefId;
 use rustc_hir::intravisit as hir_visit;
@@ -240,8 +240,10 @@ impl<'tcx, T: LateLintPass<'tcx>> hir_visit::Visitor<'tcx> for LateContextAndPas
     }
 
     fn visit_arm(&mut self, a: &'tcx hir::Arm<'tcx>) {
-        lint_callback!(self, check_arm, a);
-        hir_visit::walk_arm(self, a);
+        self.with_lint_attrs(a.hir_id, |cx| {
+            lint_callback!(cx, check_arm, a);
+            hir_visit::walk_arm(cx, a);
+        })
     }
 
     fn visit_generic_param(&mut self, p: &'tcx hir::GenericParam<'tcx>) {
@@ -429,7 +431,7 @@ fn late_lint_crate_inner<'tcx, T: LateLintPass<'tcx>>(
 /// Performs lint checking on a crate.
 pub fn check_crate<'tcx, T: LateLintPass<'tcx> + 'tcx>(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-    builtin_lints: impl FnOnce() -> T + Send,
+    builtin_lints: impl FnOnce() -> T + Send + DynSend,
 ) {
     join(
         || {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/levels.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/levels.rs
index a43c09a7939..8376835f52c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/levels.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/levels.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use rustc_middle::lint::{
     reveal_actual_level, struct_lint_level, LevelAndSource, LintExpectation, LintLevelSource,
     ShallowLintLevelMap,
 };
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{RegisteredTools, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_session::lint::builtin::{RENAMED_AND_REMOVED_LINTS, UNKNOWN_LINTS, UNUSED_ATTRIBUTES};
 use rustc_session::lint::{
@@ -242,7 +242,9 @@ impl LintLevelsProvider for LintLevelQueryMap<'_> {
 
 struct QueryMapExpectationsWrapper<'tcx> {
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+    /// HirId of the currently investigated element.
     cur: HirId,
+    /// Level map for `cur`.
     specs: ShallowLintLevelMap,
     expectations: Vec<(LintExpectationId, LintExpectation)>,
     unstable_to_stable_ids: FxHashMap<LintExpectationId, LintExpectationId>,
@@ -255,11 +257,11 @@ impl LintLevelsProvider for QueryMapExpectationsWrapper<'_> {
         self.specs.specs.get(&self.cur.local_id).unwrap_or(&self.empty)
     }
     fn insert(&mut self, id: LintId, lvl: LevelAndSource) {
-        let specs = self.specs.specs.get_mut_or_insert_default(self.cur.local_id);
-        specs.clear();
-        specs.insert(id, lvl);
+        self.specs.specs.get_mut_or_insert_default(self.cur.local_id).insert(id, lvl);
     }
     fn get_lint_level(&self, lint: &'static Lint, _: &Session) -> LevelAndSource {
+        // We cannot use `tcx.lint_level_at_node` because we want to know in which order the
+        // attributes have been inserted, in particular whether an `expect` follows a `forbid`.
         self.specs.lint_level_id_at_node(self.tcx, LintId::of(lint), self.cur)
     }
     fn push_expectation(&mut self, id: LintExpectationId, expectation: LintExpectation) {
@@ -355,7 +357,9 @@ impl<'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LintLevelsBuilder<'_, LintLevelQueryMap<'tcx>> {
 
 impl<'tcx> LintLevelsBuilder<'_, QueryMapExpectationsWrapper<'tcx>> {
     fn add_id(&mut self, hir_id: HirId) {
+        // Change both the `HirId` and the associated specs.
         self.provider.cur = hir_id;
+        self.provider.specs.specs.clear();
         self.add(self.provider.tcx.hir().attrs(hir_id), hir_id == hir::CRATE_HIR_ID, Some(hir_id));
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/lib.rs
index 319eb2ea445..5e3f057d428 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/lib.rs
@@ -50,8 +50,10 @@ extern crate tracing;
 
 mod array_into_iter;
 pub mod builtin;
+mod cast_ref_to_mut;
 mod context;
 mod deref_into_dyn_supertrait;
+mod drop_forget_useless;
 mod early;
 mod enum_intrinsics_non_enums;
 mod errors;
@@ -59,6 +61,7 @@ mod expect;
 mod for_loops_over_fallibles;
 pub mod hidden_unicode_codepoints;
 mod internal;
+mod invalid_from_utf8;
 mod late;
 mod let_underscore;
 mod levels;
@@ -85,7 +88,7 @@ use rustc_errors::{DiagnosticMessage, SubdiagnosticMessage};
 use rustc_fluent_macro::fluent_messages;
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::LocalDefId;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
 use rustc_session::lint::builtin::{
     BARE_TRAIT_OBJECTS, ELIDED_LIFETIMES_IN_PATHS, EXPLICIT_OUTLIVES_REQUIREMENTS,
@@ -95,11 +98,14 @@ use rustc_span::Span;
 
 use array_into_iter::ArrayIntoIter;
 use builtin::*;
+use cast_ref_to_mut::*;
 use deref_into_dyn_supertrait::*;
+use drop_forget_useless::*;
 use enum_intrinsics_non_enums::EnumIntrinsicsNonEnums;
 use for_loops_over_fallibles::*;
 use hidden_unicode_codepoints::*;
 use internal::*;
+use invalid_from_utf8::*;
 use let_underscore::*;
 use map_unit_fn::*;
 use methods::*;
@@ -201,13 +207,16 @@ late_lint_methods!(
         [
             ForLoopsOverFallibles: ForLoopsOverFallibles,
             DerefIntoDynSupertrait: DerefIntoDynSupertrait,
+            DropForgetUseless: DropForgetUseless,
             HardwiredLints: HardwiredLints,
             ImproperCTypesDeclarations: ImproperCTypesDeclarations,
             ImproperCTypesDefinitions: ImproperCTypesDefinitions,
+            InvalidFromUtf8: InvalidFromUtf8,
             VariantSizeDifferences: VariantSizeDifferences,
             BoxPointers: BoxPointers,
             PathStatements: PathStatements,
             LetUnderscore: LetUnderscore,
+            CastRefToMut: CastRefToMut,
             // Depends on referenced function signatures in expressions
             UnusedResults: UnusedResults,
             NonUpperCaseGlobals: NonUpperCaseGlobals,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/lints.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/lints.rs
index d7bacc6485f..fd15f795202 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/lints.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/lints.rs
@@ -662,6 +662,67 @@ pub struct ForLoopsOverFalliblesSuggestion<'a> {
     pub end_span: Span,
 }
 
+// drop_forget_useless.rs
+#[derive(LintDiagnostic)]
+#[diag(lint_dropping_references)]
+#[note]
+pub struct DropRefDiag<'a> {
+    pub arg_ty: Ty<'a>,
+    #[label]
+    pub label: Span,
+}
+
+#[derive(LintDiagnostic)]
+#[diag(lint_dropping_copy_types)]
+#[note]
+pub struct DropCopyDiag<'a> {
+    pub arg_ty: Ty<'a>,
+    #[label]
+    pub label: Span,
+}
+
+#[derive(LintDiagnostic)]
+#[diag(lint_forgetting_references)]
+#[note]
+pub struct ForgetRefDiag<'a> {
+    pub arg_ty: Ty<'a>,
+    #[label]
+    pub label: Span,
+}
+
+#[derive(LintDiagnostic)]
+#[diag(lint_forgetting_copy_types)]
+#[note]
+pub struct ForgetCopyDiag<'a> {
+    pub arg_ty: Ty<'a>,
+    #[label]
+    pub label: Span,
+}
+
+// invalid_from_utf8.rs
+#[derive(LintDiagnostic)]
+pub enum InvalidFromUtf8Diag {
+    #[diag(lint_invalid_from_utf8_unchecked)]
+    Unchecked {
+        method: String,
+        valid_up_to: usize,
+        #[label]
+        label: Span,
+    },
+    #[diag(lint_invalid_from_utf8_checked)]
+    Checked {
+        method: String,
+        valid_up_to: usize,
+        #[label]
+        label: Span,
+    },
+}
+
+// cast_ref_to_mut.rs
+#[derive(LintDiagnostic)]
+#[diag(lint_cast_ref_to_mut)]
+pub struct CastRefToMutDiag;
+
 // hidden_unicode_codepoints.rs
 #[derive(LintDiagnostic)]
 #[diag(lint_hidden_unicode_codepoints)]
@@ -1490,7 +1551,7 @@ impl<'a> DecorateLint<'a, ()> for UnusedDef<'_, '_> {
         diag.set_arg("def", self.cx.tcx.def_path_str(self.def_id));
         // check for #[must_use = "..."]
         if let Some(note) = self.note {
-            diag.note(note.as_str());
+            diag.note(note.to_string());
         }
         if let Some(sugg) = self.suggestion {
             diag.subdiagnostic(sugg);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/non_fmt_panic.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/non_fmt_panic.rs
index 5bb1abfd2ec..b218cc5789d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/non_fmt_panic.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/non_fmt_panic.rs
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ fn check_panic<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, f: &'tcx hir::Expr<'tcx>, arg: &'tc
             // No clue where this argument is coming from.
             return lint;
         }
-        if arg_macro.map_or(false, |id| cx.tcx.is_diagnostic_item(sym::format_macro, id)) {
+        if arg_macro.is_some_and(|id| cx.tcx.is_diagnostic_item(sym::format_macro, id)) {
             // A case of `panic!(format!(..))`.
             lint.note(fluent::lint_supports_fmt_note);
             if let Some((open, close, _)) = find_delimiters(cx, arg_span) {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/types.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/types.rs
index 125b4dc5503..4bf4fda8292 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/types.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/types.rs
@@ -677,7 +677,7 @@ pub fn transparent_newtype_field<'a, 'tcx>(
     let param_env = tcx.param_env(variant.def_id);
     variant.fields.iter().find(|field| {
         let field_ty = tcx.type_of(field.did).subst_identity();
-        let is_zst = tcx.layout_of(param_env.and(field_ty)).map_or(false, |layout| layout.is_zst());
+        let is_zst = tcx.layout_of(param_env.and(field_ty)).is_ok_and(|layout| layout.is_zst());
         !is_zst
     })
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/unused.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/unused.rs
index eb175e96997..8f75fa11dd9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/unused.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/unused.rs
@@ -103,8 +103,10 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for UnusedResults {
             && let ty = cx.typeck_results().expr_ty(&await_expr)
             && let ty::Alias(ty::Opaque, ty::AliasTy { def_id: future_def_id, .. }) = ty.kind()
             && cx.tcx.ty_is_opaque_future(ty)
-            // FIXME: This also includes non-async fns that return `impl Future`.
             && let async_fn_def_id = cx.tcx.parent(*future_def_id)
+            && matches!(cx.tcx.def_kind(async_fn_def_id), DefKind::Fn | DefKind::AssocFn)
+            // Check that this `impl Future` actually comes from an `async fn`
+            && cx.tcx.asyncness(async_fn_def_id).is_async()
             && check_must_use_def(
                 cx,
                 async_fn_def_id,
@@ -662,8 +664,8 @@ trait UnusedDelimLint {
             _ => return,
         };
         let keep_space = (
-            left_pos.map_or(false, |s| s >= value.span.lo()),
-            right_pos.map_or(false, |s| s <= value.span.hi()),
+            left_pos.is_some_and(|s| s >= value.span.lo()),
+            right_pos.is_some_and(|s| s <= value.span.hi()),
         );
         self.emit_unused_delims(cx, value.span, spans, ctx.into(), keep_space);
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint_defs/src/builtin.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint_defs/src/builtin.rs
index 6e9dc880a7d..eb246c3f93e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint_defs/src/builtin.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint_defs/src/builtin.rs
@@ -3272,6 +3272,43 @@ declare_lint! {
     "ambiguous glob re-exports",
 }
 
+declare_lint! {
+    /// The `hidden_glob_reexports` lint detects cases where glob re-export items are shadowed by
+    /// private items.
+    ///
+    /// ### Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust,compile_fail
+    /// #![deny(hidden_glob_reexports)]
+    ///
+    /// pub mod upstream {
+    ///     mod inner { pub struct Foo {}; pub struct Bar {}; }
+    ///     pub use self::inner::*;
+    ///     struct Foo {} // private item shadows `inner::Foo`
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// // mod downstream {
+    /// //     fn test() {
+    /// //         let _ = crate::upstream::Foo; // inaccessible
+    /// //     }
+    /// // }
+    ///
+    /// pub fn main() {}
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// {{produces}}
+    ///
+    /// ### Explanation
+    ///
+    /// This was previously accepted without any errors or warnings but it could silently break a
+    /// crate's downstream user code. If the `struct Foo` was added, `dep::inner::Foo` would
+    /// silently become inaccessible and trigger a "`struct `Foo` is private`" visibility error at
+    /// the downstream use site.
+    pub HIDDEN_GLOB_REEXPORTS,
+    Warn,
+    "name introduced by a private item shadows a name introduced by a public glob re-export",
+}
+
 declare_lint_pass! {
     /// Does nothing as a lint pass, but registers some `Lint`s
     /// that are used by other parts of the compiler.
@@ -3304,6 +3341,7 @@ declare_lint_pass! {
         FORBIDDEN_LINT_GROUPS,
         FUNCTION_ITEM_REFERENCES,
         FUZZY_PROVENANCE_CASTS,
+        HIDDEN_GLOB_REEXPORTS,
         ILL_FORMED_ATTRIBUTE_INPUT,
         ILLEGAL_FLOATING_POINT_LITERAL_PATTERN,
         IMPLIED_BOUNDS_ENTAILMENT,
@@ -3319,6 +3357,7 @@ declare_lint_pass! {
         LARGE_ASSIGNMENTS,
         LATE_BOUND_LIFETIME_ARGUMENTS,
         LEGACY_DERIVE_HELPERS,
+        LONG_RUNNING_CONST_EVAL,
         LOSSY_PROVENANCE_CASTS,
         MACRO_EXPANDED_MACRO_EXPORTS_ACCESSED_BY_ABSOLUTE_PATHS,
         MACRO_USE_EXTERN_CRATE,
@@ -3389,6 +3428,43 @@ declare_lint_pass! {
 }
 
 declare_lint! {
+    /// The `long_running_const_eval` lint is emitted when const
+    /// eval is running for a long time to ensure rustc terminates
+    /// even if you accidentally wrote an infinite loop.
+    ///
+    /// ### Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust,compile_fail
+    /// const FOO: () = loop {};
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// {{produces}}
+    ///
+    /// ### Explanation
+    ///
+    /// Loops allow const evaluation to compute arbitrary code, but may also
+    /// cause infinite loops or just very long running computations.
+    /// Users can enable long running computations by allowing the lint
+    /// on individual constants or for entire crates.
+    ///
+    /// ### Unconditional warnings
+    ///
+    /// Note that regardless of whether the lint is allowed or set to warn,
+    /// the compiler will issue warnings if constant evaluation runs significantly
+    /// longer than this lint's limit. These warnings are also shown to downstream
+    /// users from crates.io or similar registries. If you are above the lint's limit,
+    /// both you and downstream users might be exposed to these warnings.
+    /// They might also appear on compiler updates, as the compiler makes minor changes
+    /// about how complexity is measured: staying below the limit ensures that there
+    /// is enough room, and given that the lint is disabled for people who use your
+    /// dependency it means you will be the only one to get the warning and can put
+    /// out an update in your own time.
+    pub LONG_RUNNING_CONST_EVAL,
+    Deny,
+    "detects long const eval operations"
+}
+
+declare_lint! {
     /// The `unused_doc_comments` lint detects doc comments that aren't used
     /// by `rustdoc`.
     ///
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint_defs/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint_defs/src/lib.rs
index e27e322db88..5a5031b7919 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint_defs/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint_defs/src/lib.rs
@@ -540,6 +540,16 @@ pub enum BuiltinLintDiagnostics {
         /// Span where the same name is also re-exported.
         duplicate_reexport_span: Span,
     },
+    HiddenGlobReexports {
+        /// The name of the local binding which shadows the glob re-export.
+        name: String,
+        /// The namespace for which the shadowing occurred in.
+        namespace: String,
+        /// The glob reexport that is shadowed by the local binding.
+        glob_reexport_span: Span,
+        /// The local binding that shadows the glob reexport.
+        private_item_span: Span,
+    },
 }
 
 /// Lints that are buffered up early on in the `Session` before the
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_llvm/llvm-wrapper/LLVMWrapper.h b/compiler/rustc_llvm/llvm-wrapper/LLVMWrapper.h
index 05890628378..af6f4d5eaf9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_llvm/llvm-wrapper/LLVMWrapper.h
+++ b/compiler/rustc_llvm/llvm-wrapper/LLVMWrapper.h
@@ -96,6 +96,7 @@ enum LLVMRustAttribute {
   AllocatedPointer = 38,
   AllocAlign = 39,
 #endif
+  SanitizeSafeStack = 40,
 };
 
 typedef struct OpaqueRustString *RustStringRef;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_llvm/llvm-wrapper/PassWrapper.cpp b/compiler/rustc_llvm/llvm-wrapper/PassWrapper.cpp
index 5ec3b95225d..c43a0272477 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_llvm/llvm-wrapper/PassWrapper.cpp
+++ b/compiler/rustc_llvm/llvm-wrapper/PassWrapper.cpp
@@ -745,6 +745,9 @@ LLVMRustOptimize(
         if (InstrProfileOutput) {
           Options.InstrProfileOutput = InstrProfileOutput;
         }
+        // cargo run tests in multhreading mode by default
+        // so use atomics for coverage counters
+        Options.Atomic = true;
         MPM.addPass(InstrProfiling(Options, false));
       }
     );
@@ -1460,63 +1463,6 @@ LLVMRustGetBitcodeSliceFromObjectData(const char *data,
   return BitcodeOrError->getBufferStart();
 }
 
-// Rewrite all `DICompileUnit` pointers to the `DICompileUnit` specified. See
-// the comment in `back/lto.rs` for why this exists.
-extern "C" void
-LLVMRustThinLTOGetDICompileUnit(LLVMModuleRef Mod,
-                                DICompileUnit **A,
-                                DICompileUnit **B) {
-  Module *M = unwrap(Mod);
-  DICompileUnit **Cur = A;
-  DICompileUnit **Next = B;
-  for (DICompileUnit *CU : M->debug_compile_units()) {
-    *Cur = CU;
-    Cur = Next;
-    Next = nullptr;
-    if (Cur == nullptr)
-      break;
-  }
-}
-
-// Rewrite all `DICompileUnit` pointers to the `DICompileUnit` specified. See
-// the comment in `back/lto.rs` for why this exists.
-extern "C" void
-LLVMRustThinLTOPatchDICompileUnit(LLVMModuleRef Mod, DICompileUnit *Unit) {
-  Module *M = unwrap(Mod);
-
-  // If the original source module didn't have a `DICompileUnit` then try to
-  // merge all the existing compile units. If there aren't actually any though
-  // then there's not much for us to do so return.
-  if (Unit == nullptr) {
-    for (DICompileUnit *CU : M->debug_compile_units()) {
-      Unit = CU;
-      break;
-    }
-    if (Unit == nullptr)
-      return;
-  }
-
-  // Use LLVM's built-in `DebugInfoFinder` to find a bunch of debuginfo and
-  // process it recursively. Note that we used to specifically iterate over
-  // instructions to ensure we feed everything into it, but `processModule`
-  // started doing this the same way in LLVM 7 (commit d769eb36ab2b8).
-  DebugInfoFinder Finder;
-  Finder.processModule(*M);
-
-  // After we've found all our debuginfo, rewrite all subprograms to point to
-  // the same `DICompileUnit`.
-  for (auto &F : Finder.subprograms()) {
-    F->replaceUnit(Unit);
-  }
-
-  // Erase any other references to other `DICompileUnit` instances, the verifier
-  // will later ensure that we don't actually have any other stale references to
-  // worry about.
-  auto *MD = M->getNamedMetadata("llvm.dbg.cu");
-  MD->clearOperands();
-  MD->addOperand(Unit);
-}
-
 // Computes the LTO cache key for the provided 'ModId' in the given 'Data',
 // storing the result in 'KeyOut'.
 // Currently, this cache key is a SHA-1 hash of anything that could affect
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_llvm/llvm-wrapper/RustWrapper.cpp b/compiler/rustc_llvm/llvm-wrapper/RustWrapper.cpp
index 49acd71b3e1..ea04899ab68 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_llvm/llvm-wrapper/RustWrapper.cpp
+++ b/compiler/rustc_llvm/llvm-wrapper/RustWrapper.cpp
@@ -234,6 +234,8 @@ static Attribute::AttrKind fromRust(LLVMRustAttribute Kind) {
   case AllocAlign:
     return Attribute::AllocAlign;
 #endif
+  case SanitizeSafeStack:
+    return Attribute::SafeStack;
   }
   report_fatal_error("bad AttributeKind");
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_macros/src/query.rs b/compiler/rustc_macros/src/query.rs
index a8b25ff66d7..d0d41c614d6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_macros/src/query.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_macros/src/query.rs
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ fn add_query_desc_cached_impl(
         quote! {
             #[allow(unused_variables, unused_braces, rustc::pass_by_value)]
             #[inline]
-            pub fn #name<'tcx>(#tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, #key: &crate::ty::query::query_keys::#name<'tcx>) -> bool {
+            pub fn #name<'tcx>(#tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, #key: &crate::query::queries::#name::Key<'tcx>) -> bool {
                 #expr
             }
         }
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ fn add_query_desc_cached_impl(
             // we're taking `key` by reference, but some rustc types usually prefer being passed by value
             #[allow(rustc::pass_by_value)]
             #[inline]
-            pub fn #name<'tcx>(_: TyCtxt<'tcx>, _: &crate::ty::query::query_keys::#name<'tcx>) -> bool {
+            pub fn #name<'tcx>(_: TyCtxt<'tcx>, _: &crate::query::queries::#name::Key<'tcx>) -> bool {
                 false
             }
         }
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ fn add_query_desc_cached_impl(
 
     let desc = quote! {
         #[allow(unused_variables)]
-        pub fn #name<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, key: crate::ty::query::query_keys::#name<'tcx>) -> String {
+        pub fn #name<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, key: crate::query::queries::#name::Key<'tcx>) -> String {
             let (#tcx, #key) = (tcx, key);
             ::rustc_middle::ty::print::with_no_trimmed_paths!(
                 format!(#desc)
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_metadata/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_metadata/messages.ftl
index 79b8b417257..6d8601b9e2b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_metadata/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_metadata/messages.ftl
@@ -1,288 +1,288 @@
-metadata_rlib_required =
-    crate `{$crate_name}` required to be available in rlib format, but was not found in this form
-
-metadata_lib_required =
-    crate `{$crate_name}` required to be available in {$kind} format, but was not found in this form
+metadata_as_needed_compatibility =
+    linking modifier `as-needed` is only compatible with `dylib` and `framework` linking kinds
 
-metadata_rustc_lib_required =
-    crate `{$crate_name}` required to be available in {$kind} format, but was not found in this form
-    .note = only .rmeta files are distributed for `rustc_private` crates other than `rustc_driver`
-    .help = try adding `extern crate rustc_driver;` at the top level of this crate
+metadata_bad_panic_strategy =
+    the linked panic runtime `{$runtime}` is not compiled with this crate's panic strategy `{$strategy}`
 
-metadata_crate_dep_multiple =
-    cannot satisfy dependencies so `{$crate_name}` only shows up once
-    .help = having upstream crates all available in one format will likely make this go away
+metadata_bundle_needs_static =
+    linking modifier `bundle` is only compatible with `static` linking kind
 
-metadata_two_panic_runtimes =
-    cannot link together two panic runtimes: {$prev_name} and {$cur_name}
+metadata_cannot_find_crate =
+    can't find crate for `{$crate_name}`{$add_info}
 
-metadata_bad_panic_strategy =
-    the linked panic runtime `{$runtime}` is not compiled with this crate's panic strategy `{$strategy}`
+metadata_cant_find_crate =
+    can't find crate
 
-metadata_required_panic_strategy =
-    the crate `{$crate_name}` requires panic strategy `{$found_strategy}` which is incompatible with this crate's strategy of `{$desired_strategy}`
+metadata_compiler_missing_profiler =
+    the compiler may have been built without the profiler runtime
 
-metadata_incompatible_panic_in_drop_strategy =
-    the crate `{$crate_name}` is compiled with the panic-in-drop strategy `{$found_strategy}` which is incompatible with this crate's strategy of `{$desired_strategy}`
+metadata_conflicting_alloc_error_handler =
+    the `#[alloc_error_handler]` in {$other_crate_name} conflicts with allocation error handler in: {$crate_name}
 
-metadata_multiple_names_in_link =
-    multiple `name` arguments in a single `#[link]` attribute
+metadata_conflicting_global_alloc =
+    the `#[global_allocator]` in {$other_crate_name} conflicts with global allocator in: {$crate_name}
 
-metadata_multiple_kinds_in_link =
-    multiple `kind` arguments in a single `#[link]` attribute
+metadata_consider_building_std =
+    consider building the standard library from source with `cargo build -Zbuild-std`
 
-metadata_link_name_form =
-    link name must be of the form `name = "string"`
+metadata_consider_downloading_target =
+    consider downloading the target with `rustup target add {$locator_triple}`
 
-metadata_link_kind_form =
-    link kind must be of the form `kind = "string"`
+metadata_crate_dep_multiple =
+    cannot satisfy dependencies so `{$crate_name}` only shows up once
+    .help = having upstream crates all available in one format will likely make this go away
 
-metadata_link_modifiers_form =
-    link modifiers must be of the form `modifiers = "string"`
+metadata_crate_location_unknown_type =
+    extern location for {$crate_name} is of an unknown type: {$path}
 
-metadata_link_cfg_form =
-    link cfg must be of the form `cfg(/* predicate */)`
+metadata_crate_not_panic_runtime =
+    the crate `{$crate_name}` is not a panic runtime
 
-metadata_wasm_import_form =
-    wasm import module must be of the form `wasm_import_module = "string"`
+metadata_dl_error =
+    {$err}
 
 metadata_empty_link_name =
     link name must not be empty
     .label = empty link name
 
-metadata_link_framework_apple =
-    link kind `framework` is only supported on Apple targets
+metadata_empty_renaming_target =
+    an empty renaming target was specified for library `{$lib_name}`
 
-metadata_framework_only_windows =
-    link kind `raw-dylib` is only supported on Windows targets
+metadata_extern_location_not_exist =
+    extern location for {$crate_name} does not exist: {$location}
 
-metadata_unknown_link_kind =
-    unknown link kind `{$kind}`, expected one of: static, dylib, framework, raw-dylib
-    .label = unknown link kind
+metadata_extern_location_not_file =
+    extern location for {$crate_name} is not a file: {$location}
 
-metadata_multiple_link_modifiers =
-    multiple `modifiers` arguments in a single `#[link]` attribute
+metadata_fail_create_file_encoder =
+    failed to create file encoder: {$err}
 
-metadata_multiple_cfgs =
-    multiple `cfg` arguments in a single `#[link]` attribute
+metadata_fail_seek_file =
+    failed to seek the file: {$err}
 
-metadata_link_cfg_single_predicate =
-    link cfg must have a single predicate argument
+metadata_fail_write_file =
+    failed to write to the file: {$err}
 
-metadata_multiple_wasm_import =
-    multiple `wasm_import_module` arguments in a single `#[link]` attribute
+metadata_failed_create_encoded_metadata =
+    failed to create encoded metadata from file: {$err}
 
-metadata_unexpected_link_arg =
-    unexpected `#[link]` argument, expected one of: name, kind, modifiers, cfg, wasm_import_module, import_name_type
+metadata_failed_create_file =
+    failed to create the file {$filename}: {$err}
 
-metadata_invalid_link_modifier =
-    invalid linking modifier syntax, expected '+' or '-' prefix before one of: bundle, verbatim, whole-archive, as-needed
+metadata_failed_create_tempdir =
+    couldn't create a temp dir: {$err}
 
-metadata_multiple_modifiers =
-    multiple `{$modifier}` modifiers in a single `modifiers` argument
+metadata_failed_write_error =
+    failed to write {$filename}: {$err}
 
-metadata_bundle_needs_static =
-    linking modifier `bundle` is only compatible with `static` linking kind
+metadata_found_crate_versions =
+    the following crate versions were found:{$found_crates}
 
-metadata_whole_archive_needs_static =
-    linking modifier `whole-archive` is only compatible with `static` linking kind
+metadata_found_staticlib =
+    found staticlib `{$crate_name}` instead of rlib or dylib{$add_info}
+    .help = please recompile that crate using --crate-type lib
 
-metadata_as_needed_compatibility =
-    linking modifier `as-needed` is only compatible with `dylib` and `framework` linking kinds
+metadata_framework_only_windows =
+    link kind `raw-dylib` is only supported on Windows targets
 
-metadata_unknown_link_modifier =
-    unknown linking modifier `{$modifier}`, expected one of: bundle, verbatim, whole-archive, as-needed
+metadata_global_alloc_required =
+    no global memory allocator found but one is required; link to std or add `#[global_allocator]` to a static item that implements the GlobalAlloc trait
+
+metadata_import_name_type_form =
+    import name type must be of the form `import_name_type = "string"`
+
+metadata_import_name_type_raw =
+    import name type can only be used with link kind `raw-dylib`
+
+metadata_import_name_type_x86 =
+    import name type is only supported on x86
+
+metadata_incompatible_panic_in_drop_strategy =
+    the crate `{$crate_name}` is compiled with the panic-in-drop strategy `{$found_strategy}` which is incompatible with this crate's strategy of `{$desired_strategy}`
+
+metadata_incompatible_rustc =
+    found crate `{$crate_name}` compiled by an incompatible version of rustc{$add_info}
+    .help = please recompile that crate using this compiler ({$rustc_version}) (consider running `cargo clean` first)
 
 metadata_incompatible_wasm_link =
     `wasm_import_module` is incompatible with other arguments in `#[link]` attributes
 
-metadata_link_requires_name =
-    `#[link]` attribute requires a `name = "string"` argument
-    .label = missing `name` argument
+metadata_install_missing_components =
+    maybe you need to install the missing components with: `rustup component add rust-src rustc-dev llvm-tools-preview`
 
-metadata_raw_dylib_no_nul =
-    link name must not contain NUL characters if link kind is `raw-dylib`
+metadata_invalid_link_modifier =
+    invalid linking modifier syntax, expected '+' or '-' prefix before one of: bundle, verbatim, whole-archive, as-needed
 
-metadata_link_ordinal_raw_dylib =
-    `#[link_ordinal]` is only supported if link kind is `raw-dylib`
+metadata_invalid_meta_files =
+    found invalid metadata files for crate `{$crate_name}`{$add_info}
+
+metadata_lib_filename_form =
+    file name should be lib*.rlib or {$dll_prefix}*{$dll_suffix}
 
 metadata_lib_framework_apple =
     library kind `framework` is only supported on Apple targets
 
-metadata_empty_renaming_target =
-    an empty renaming target was specified for library `{$lib_name}`
+metadata_lib_required =
+    crate `{$crate_name}` required to be available in {$kind} format, but was not found in this form
 
-metadata_renaming_no_link =
-    renaming of the library `{$lib_name}` was specified, however this crate contains no `#[link(...)]` attributes referencing this library
+metadata_link_cfg_form =
+    link cfg must be of the form `cfg(/* predicate */)`
 
-metadata_multiple_renamings =
-    multiple renamings were specified for library `{$lib_name}`
+metadata_link_cfg_single_predicate =
+    link cfg must have a single predicate argument
 
-metadata_no_link_mod_override =
-    overriding linking modifiers from command line is not supported
+metadata_link_framework_apple =
+    link kind `framework` is only supported on Apple targets
 
-metadata_unsupported_abi_i686 =
-    ABI not supported by `#[link(kind = "raw-dylib")]` on i686
+metadata_link_kind_form =
+    link kind must be of the form `kind = "string"`
 
-metadata_unsupported_abi =
-    ABI not supported by `#[link(kind = "raw-dylib")]` on this architecture
+metadata_link_modifiers_form =
+    link modifiers must be of the form `modifiers = "string"`
 
-metadata_fail_create_file_encoder =
-    failed to create file encoder: {$err}
+metadata_link_name_form =
+    link name must be of the form `name = "string"`
 
-metadata_fail_seek_file =
-    failed to seek the file: {$err}
+metadata_link_ordinal_raw_dylib =
+    `#[link_ordinal]` is only supported if link kind is `raw-dylib`
 
-metadata_fail_write_file =
-    failed to write to the file: {$err}
+metadata_link_requires_name =
+    `#[link]` attribute requires a `name = "string"` argument
+    .label = missing `name` argument
 
-metadata_crate_not_panic_runtime =
-    the crate `{$crate_name}` is not a panic runtime
+metadata_missing_native_library =
+    could not find native static library `{$libname}`, perhaps an -L flag is missing?
 
-metadata_no_panic_strategy =
-    the crate `{$crate_name}` does not have the panic strategy `{$strategy}`
+metadata_multiple_candidates =
+    multiple candidates for `{$flavor}` dependency `{$crate_name}` found
 
-metadata_profiler_builtins_needs_core =
-    `profiler_builtins` crate (required by compiler options) is not compatible with crate attribute `#![no_core]`
+metadata_multiple_cfgs =
+    multiple `cfg` arguments in a single `#[link]` attribute
 
-metadata_not_profiler_runtime =
-    the crate `{$crate_name}` is not a profiler runtime
+metadata_multiple_import_name_type =
+    multiple `import_name_type` arguments in a single `#[link]` attribute
 
-metadata_no_multiple_global_alloc =
-    cannot define multiple global allocators
-    .label = cannot define a new global allocator
+metadata_multiple_kinds_in_link =
+    multiple `kind` arguments in a single `#[link]` attribute
 
-metadata_prev_global_alloc =
-    previous global allocator defined here
+metadata_multiple_link_modifiers =
+    multiple `modifiers` arguments in a single `#[link]` attribute
 
-metadata_no_multiple_alloc_error_handler =
-    cannot define multiple allocation error handlers
-    .label = cannot define a new allocation error handler
+metadata_multiple_modifiers =
+    multiple `{$modifier}` modifiers in a single `modifiers` argument
 
-metadata_prev_alloc_error_handler =
-    previous allocation error handler defined here
+metadata_multiple_names_in_link =
+    multiple `name` arguments in a single `#[link]` attribute
 
-metadata_conflicting_global_alloc =
-    the `#[global_allocator]` in {$other_crate_name} conflicts with global allocator in: {$crate_name}
+metadata_multiple_renamings =
+    multiple renamings were specified for library `{$lib_name}`
 
-metadata_conflicting_alloc_error_handler =
-    the `#[alloc_error_handler]` in {$other_crate_name} conflicts with allocation error handler in: {$crate_name}
+metadata_multiple_wasm_import =
+    multiple `wasm_import_module` arguments in a single `#[link]` attribute
 
-metadata_global_alloc_required =
-    no global memory allocator found but one is required; link to std or add `#[global_allocator]` to a static item that implements the GlobalAlloc trait
+metadata_newer_crate_version =
+    found possibly newer version of crate `{$crate_name}`{$add_info}
+    .note = perhaps that crate needs to be recompiled?
 
-metadata_no_transitive_needs_dep =
-    the crate `{$crate_name}` cannot depend on a crate that needs {$needs_crate_name}, but it depends on `{$deps_crate_name}`
+metadata_no_crate_with_triple =
+    couldn't find crate `{$crate_name}` with expected target triple {$locator_triple}{$add_info}
 
-metadata_failed_write_error =
-    failed to write {$filename}: {$err}
+metadata_no_dylib_plugin =
+    plugin `{$crate_name}` only found in rlib format, but must be available in dylib format
 
-metadata_missing_native_library =
-    could not find native static library `{$libname}`, perhaps an -L flag is missing?
+metadata_no_link_mod_override =
+    overriding linking modifiers from command line is not supported
 
-metadata_only_provide_library_name = only provide the library name `{$suggested_name}`, not the full filename
+metadata_no_multiple_alloc_error_handler =
+    cannot define multiple allocation error handlers
+    .label = cannot define a new allocation error handler
 
-metadata_failed_create_tempdir =
-    couldn't create a temp dir: {$err}
+metadata_no_multiple_global_alloc =
+    cannot define multiple global allocators
+    .label = cannot define a new global allocator
 
-metadata_failed_create_file =
-    failed to create the file {$filename}: {$err}
+metadata_no_panic_strategy =
+    the crate `{$crate_name}` does not have the panic strategy `{$strategy}`
 
-metadata_failed_create_encoded_metadata =
-    failed to create encoded metadata from file: {$err}
+metadata_no_transitive_needs_dep =
+    the crate `{$crate_name}` cannot depend on a crate that needs {$needs_crate_name}, but it depends on `{$deps_crate_name}`
 
 metadata_non_ascii_name =
     cannot load a crate with a non-ascii name `{$crate_name}`
 
-metadata_extern_location_not_exist =
-    extern location for {$crate_name} does not exist: {$location}
-
-metadata_extern_location_not_file =
-    extern location for {$crate_name} is not a file: {$location}
-
-metadata_multiple_candidates =
-    multiple candidates for `{$flavor}` dependency `{$crate_name}` found
+metadata_not_profiler_runtime =
+    the crate `{$crate_name}` is not a profiler runtime
 
-metadata_symbol_conflicts_current =
-    the current crate is indistinguishable from one of its dependencies: it has the same crate-name `{$crate_name}` and was compiled with the same `-C metadata` arguments. This will result in symbol conflicts between the two.
+metadata_only_provide_library_name = only provide the library name `{$suggested_name}`, not the full filename
 
-metadata_symbol_conflicts_others =
-    found two different crates with name `{$crate_name}` that are not distinguished by differing `-C metadata`. This will result in symbol conflicts between the two.
+metadata_prev_alloc_error_handler =
+    previous allocation error handler defined here
 
-metadata_stable_crate_id_collision =
-    found crates (`{$crate_name0}` and `{$crate_name1}`) with colliding StableCrateId values.
+metadata_prev_global_alloc =
+    previous global allocator defined here
 
-metadata_dl_error =
-    {$err}
+metadata_profiler_builtins_needs_core =
+    `profiler_builtins` crate (required by compiler options) is not compatible with crate attribute `#![no_core]`
 
-metadata_newer_crate_version =
-    found possibly newer version of crate `{$crate_name}`{$add_info}
-    .note = perhaps that crate needs to be recompiled?
+metadata_raw_dylib_no_nul =
+    link name must not contain NUL characters if link kind is `raw-dylib`
 
-metadata_found_crate_versions =
-    the following crate versions were found:{$found_crates}
+metadata_renaming_no_link =
+    renaming of the library `{$lib_name}` was specified, however this crate contains no `#[link(...)]` attributes referencing this library
 
-metadata_no_crate_with_triple =
-    couldn't find crate `{$crate_name}` with expected target triple {$locator_triple}{$add_info}
+metadata_required_panic_strategy =
+    the crate `{$crate_name}` requires panic strategy `{$found_strategy}` which is incompatible with this crate's strategy of `{$desired_strategy}`
 
-metadata_found_staticlib =
-    found staticlib `{$crate_name}` instead of rlib or dylib{$add_info}
-    .help = please recompile that crate using --crate-type lib
+metadata_rlib_required =
+    crate `{$crate_name}` required to be available in rlib format, but was not found in this form
 
-metadata_incompatible_rustc =
-    found crate `{$crate_name}` compiled by an incompatible version of rustc{$add_info}
-    .help = please recompile that crate using this compiler ({$rustc_version}) (consider running `cargo clean` first)
+metadata_rustc_lib_required =
+    crate `{$crate_name}` required to be available in {$kind} format, but was not found in this form
+    .note = only .rmeta files are distributed for `rustc_private` crates other than `rustc_driver`
+    .help = try adding `extern crate rustc_driver;` at the top level of this crate
 
-metadata_invalid_meta_files =
-    found invalid metadata files for crate `{$crate_name}`{$add_info}
+metadata_stable_crate_id_collision =
+    found crates (`{$crate_name0}` and `{$crate_name1}`) with colliding StableCrateId values.
 
-metadata_cannot_find_crate =
-    can't find crate for `{$crate_name}`{$add_info}
+metadata_std_required =
+    `std` is required by `{$current_crate}` because it does not declare `#![no_std]`
 
-metadata_no_dylib_plugin =
-    plugin `{$crate_name}` only found in rlib format, but must be available in dylib format
+metadata_symbol_conflicts_current =
+    the current crate is indistinguishable from one of its dependencies: it has the same crate-name `{$crate_name}` and was compiled with the same `-C metadata` arguments. This will result in symbol conflicts between the two.
 
-metadata_target_not_installed =
-    the `{$locator_triple}` target may not be installed
+metadata_symbol_conflicts_others =
+    found two different crates with name `{$crate_name}` that are not distinguished by differing `-C metadata`. This will result in symbol conflicts between the two.
 
 metadata_target_no_std_support =
     the `{$locator_triple}` target may not support the standard library
 
-metadata_consider_downloading_target =
-    consider downloading the target with `rustup target add {$locator_triple}`
-
-metadata_std_required =
-    `std` is required by `{$current_crate}` because it does not declare `#![no_std]`
-
-metadata_consider_building_std =
-    consider building the standard library from source with `cargo build -Zbuild-std`
-
-metadata_compiler_missing_profiler =
-    the compiler may have been built without the profiler runtime
+metadata_target_not_installed =
+    the `{$locator_triple}` target may not be installed
 
-metadata_install_missing_components =
-    maybe you need to install the missing components with: `rustup component add rust-src rustc-dev llvm-tools-preview`
+metadata_two_panic_runtimes =
+    cannot link together two panic runtimes: {$prev_name} and {$cur_name}
 
-metadata_cant_find_crate =
-    can't find crate
+metadata_unexpected_link_arg =
+    unexpected `#[link]` argument, expected one of: name, kind, modifiers, cfg, wasm_import_module, import_name_type
 
-metadata_crate_location_unknown_type =
-    extern location for {$crate_name} is of an unknown type: {$path}
+metadata_unknown_import_name_type =
+    unknown import name type `{$import_name_type}`, expected one of: decorated, noprefix, undecorated
 
-metadata_lib_filename_form =
-    file name should be lib*.rlib or {$dll_prefix}*{$dll_suffix}
+metadata_unknown_link_kind =
+    unknown link kind `{$kind}`, expected one of: static, dylib, framework, raw-dylib
+    .label = unknown link kind
 
-metadata_multiple_import_name_type =
-    multiple `import_name_type` arguments in a single `#[link]` attribute
+metadata_unknown_link_modifier =
+    unknown linking modifier `{$modifier}`, expected one of: bundle, verbatim, whole-archive, as-needed
 
-metadata_import_name_type_form =
-    import name type must be of the form `import_name_type = "string"`
+metadata_unsupported_abi =
+    ABI not supported by `#[link(kind = "raw-dylib")]` on this architecture
 
-metadata_import_name_type_x86 =
-    import name type is only supported on x86
+metadata_unsupported_abi_i686 =
+    ABI not supported by `#[link(kind = "raw-dylib")]` on i686
 
-metadata_unknown_import_name_type =
-    unknown import name type `{$import_name_type}`, expected one of: decorated, noprefix, undecorated
+metadata_wasm_import_form =
+    wasm import module must be of the form `wasm_import_module = "string"`
 
-metadata_import_name_type_raw =
-    import name type can only be used with link kind `raw-dylib`
+metadata_whole_archive_needs_static =
+    linking modifier `whole-archive` is only compatible with `static` linking kind
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/creader.rs b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/creader.rs
index e6e7d25773e..b3976d756eb 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/creader.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/creader.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use crate::errors;
 use crate::locator::{CrateError, CrateLocator, CratePaths};
 use crate::rmeta::{CrateDep, CrateMetadata, CrateNumMap, CrateRoot, MetadataBlob};
 
-use rustc_ast::expand::allocator::AllocatorKind;
+use rustc_ast::expand::allocator::{alloc_error_handler_name, global_fn_name, AllocatorKind};
 use rustc_ast::{self as ast, *};
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashSet;
 use rustc_data_structures::svh::Svh;
@@ -148,11 +148,15 @@ impl CStore {
         assert_eq!(self.metas.len(), self.stable_crate_ids.len());
         let num = CrateNum::new(self.stable_crate_ids.len());
         if let Some(&existing) = self.stable_crate_ids.get(&root.stable_crate_id()) {
-            let crate_name0 = root.name();
-            if let Some(crate_name1) = self.metas[existing].as_ref().map(|data| data.name()) {
+            // Check for (potential) conflicts with the local crate
+            if existing == LOCAL_CRATE {
+                Err(CrateError::SymbolConflictsCurrent(root.name()))
+            } else if let Some(crate_name1) = self.metas[existing].as_ref().map(|data| data.name())
+            {
+                let crate_name0 = root.name();
                 Err(CrateError::StableCrateIdCollision(crate_name0, crate_name1))
             } else {
-                Err(CrateError::SymbolConflictsCurrent(crate_name0))
+                Err(CrateError::NotFound(root.name()))
             }
         } else {
             self.metas.push(None);
@@ -361,6 +365,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> CrateLoader<'a, 'tcx> {
         lib: Library,
         dep_kind: CrateDepKind,
         name: Symbol,
+        private_dep: Option<bool>,
     ) -> Result<CrateNum, CrateError> {
         let _prof_timer = self.sess.prof.generic_activity("metadata_register_crate");
 
@@ -368,8 +373,13 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> CrateLoader<'a, 'tcx> {
         let crate_root = metadata.get_root();
         let host_hash = host_lib.as_ref().map(|lib| lib.metadata.get_root().hash());
 
-        let private_dep =
-            self.sess.opts.externs.get(name.as_str()).map_or(false, |e| e.is_private_dep);
+        let private_dep = self
+            .sess
+            .opts
+            .externs
+            .get(name.as_str())
+            .map_or(private_dep.unwrap_or(false), |e| e.is_private_dep)
+            && private_dep.unwrap_or(true);
 
         // Claim this crate number and cache it
         let cnum = self.cstore.intern_stable_crate_id(&crate_root)?;
@@ -514,15 +524,16 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> CrateLoader<'a, 'tcx> {
         if !name.as_str().is_ascii() {
             return Err(CrateError::NonAsciiName(name));
         }
-        let (root, hash, host_hash, extra_filename, path_kind) = match dep {
+        let (root, hash, host_hash, extra_filename, path_kind, private_dep) = match dep {
             Some((root, dep)) => (
                 Some(root),
                 Some(dep.hash),
                 dep.host_hash,
                 Some(&dep.extra_filename[..]),
                 PathKind::Dependency,
+                Some(dep.is_private),
             ),
-            None => (None, None, None, None, PathKind::Crate),
+            None => (None, None, None, None, PathKind::Crate, None),
         };
         let result = if let Some(cnum) = self.existing_match(name, hash, path_kind) {
             (LoadResult::Previous(cnum), None)
@@ -558,10 +569,13 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> CrateLoader<'a, 'tcx> {
                     dep_kind = CrateDepKind::MacrosOnly;
                 }
                 data.update_dep_kind(|data_dep_kind| cmp::max(data_dep_kind, dep_kind));
+                if let Some(private_dep) = private_dep {
+                    data.update_and_private_dep(private_dep);
+                }
                 Ok(cnum)
             }
             (LoadResult::Loaded(library), host_library) => {
-                self.register_crate(host_library, root, library, dep_kind, name)
+                self.register_crate(host_library, root, library, dep_kind, name, private_dep)
             }
             _ => panic!(),
         }
@@ -943,7 +957,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> CrateLoader<'a, 'tcx> {
                     lint::builtin::UNUSED_CRATE_DEPENDENCIES,
                     span,
                     ast::CRATE_NODE_ID,
-                    &format!(
+                    format!(
                         "external crate `{}` unused in `{}`: remove the dependency or add `use {} as _;`",
                         name,
                         self.tcx.crate_name(LOCAL_CRATE),
@@ -1044,7 +1058,7 @@ fn global_allocator_spans(krate: &ast::Crate) -> Vec<Span> {
         }
     }
 
-    let name = Symbol::intern(&AllocatorKind::Global.fn_name(sym::alloc));
+    let name = Symbol::intern(&global_fn_name(sym::alloc));
     let mut f = Finder { name, spans: Vec::new() };
     visit::walk_crate(&mut f, krate);
     f.spans
@@ -1066,7 +1080,7 @@ fn alloc_error_handler_spans(krate: &ast::Crate) -> Vec<Span> {
         }
     }
 
-    let name = Symbol::intern(&AllocatorKind::Global.fn_name(sym::oom));
+    let name = Symbol::intern(alloc_error_handler_name(AllocatorKind::Global));
     let mut f = Finder { name, spans: Vec::new() };
     visit::walk_crate(&mut f, krate);
     f.spans
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/locator.rs b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/locator.rs
index c6af8d63289..a89d7b464e2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/locator.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/locator.rs
@@ -220,7 +220,6 @@ use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
 use rustc_data_structures::memmap::Mmap;
 use rustc_data_structures::owned_slice::slice_owned;
 use rustc_data_structures::svh::Svh;
-use rustc_data_structures::sync::MetadataRef;
 use rustc_errors::{DiagnosticArgValue, FatalError, IntoDiagnosticArg};
 use rustc_fs_util::try_canonicalize;
 use rustc_session::config::{self, CrateType};
@@ -246,6 +245,7 @@ pub(crate) struct CrateLocator<'a> {
     only_needs_metadata: bool,
     sysroot: &'a Path,
     metadata_loader: &'a dyn MetadataLoader,
+    cfg_version: &'static str,
 
     // Immutable per-search configuration.
     crate_name: Symbol,
@@ -323,6 +323,7 @@ impl<'a> CrateLocator<'a> {
             only_needs_metadata,
             sysroot: &sess.sysroot,
             metadata_loader,
+            cfg_version: sess.cfg_version,
             crate_name,
             exact_paths: if hash.is_none() {
                 sess.opts
@@ -566,7 +567,7 @@ impl<'a> CrateLocator<'a> {
         let mut err_data: Option<Vec<PathBuf>> = None;
         for (lib, kind) in m {
             info!("{} reading metadata from: {}", flavor, lib.display());
-            if flavor == CrateFlavor::Rmeta && lib.metadata().map_or(false, |m| m.len() == 0) {
+            if flavor == CrateFlavor::Rmeta && lib.metadata().is_ok_and(|m| m.len() == 0) {
                 // Empty files will cause get_metadata_section to fail. Rmeta
                 // files can be empty, for example with binaries (which can
                 // often appear with `cargo check` when checking a library as
@@ -601,7 +602,7 @@ impl<'a> CrateLocator<'a> {
                     }
                 };
             // If we see multiple hashes, emit an error about duplicate candidates.
-            if slot.as_ref().map_or(false, |s| s.0 != hash) {
+            if slot.as_ref().is_some_and(|s| s.0 != hash) {
                 if let Some(candidates) = err_data {
                     return Err(CrateError::MultipleCandidates(
                         self.crate_name,
@@ -655,7 +656,7 @@ impl<'a> CrateLocator<'a> {
     }
 
     fn crate_matches(&mut self, metadata: &MetadataBlob, libpath: &Path) -> Option<Svh> {
-        let rustc_version = rustc_version();
+        let rustc_version = rustc_version(self.cfg_version);
         let found_version = metadata.get_rustc_version();
         if found_version != rustc_version {
             info!("Rejecting via version: expected {} got {}", rustc_version, found_version);
@@ -665,31 +666,30 @@ impl<'a> CrateLocator<'a> {
             return None;
         }
 
-        let root = metadata.get_root();
-        if root.is_proc_macro_crate() != self.is_proc_macro {
+        let header = metadata.get_header();
+        if header.is_proc_macro_crate != self.is_proc_macro {
             info!(
                 "Rejecting via proc macro: expected {} got {}",
-                self.is_proc_macro,
-                root.is_proc_macro_crate(),
+                self.is_proc_macro, header.is_proc_macro_crate,
             );
             return None;
         }
 
-        if self.exact_paths.is_empty() && self.crate_name != root.name() {
+        if self.exact_paths.is_empty() && self.crate_name != header.name {
             info!("Rejecting via crate name");
             return None;
         }
 
-        if root.triple() != &self.triple {
-            info!("Rejecting via crate triple: expected {} got {}", self.triple, root.triple());
+        if header.triple != self.triple {
+            info!("Rejecting via crate triple: expected {} got {}", self.triple, header.triple);
             self.crate_rejections.via_triple.push(CrateMismatch {
                 path: libpath.to_path_buf(),
-                got: root.triple().to_string(),
+                got: header.triple.to_string(),
             });
             return None;
         }
 
-        let hash = root.hash();
+        let hash = header.hash;
         if let Some(expected_hash) = self.hash {
             if hash != expected_hash {
                 info!("Rejecting via hash: expected {} got {}", expected_hash, hash);
@@ -782,7 +782,7 @@ fn get_metadata_section<'p>(
     if !filename.exists() {
         return Err(MetadataError::NotPresent(filename));
     }
-    let raw_bytes: MetadataRef = match flavor {
+    let raw_bytes = match flavor {
         CrateFlavor::Rlib => {
             loader.get_rlib_metadata(target, filename).map_err(MetadataError::LoadFailure)?
         }
@@ -843,7 +843,7 @@ fn get_metadata_section<'p>(
             slice_owned(mmap, Deref::deref)
         }
     };
-    let blob = MetadataBlob::new(raw_bytes);
+    let blob = MetadataBlob(raw_bytes);
     if blob.is_compatible() {
         Ok(blob)
     } else {
@@ -960,6 +960,7 @@ pub(crate) enum CrateError {
     DlSym(String),
     LocatorCombined(Box<CombinedLocatorError>),
     NonDylibPlugin(Symbol),
+    NotFound(Symbol),
 }
 
 enum MetadataError<'a> {
@@ -1097,7 +1098,7 @@ impl CrateError {
                         crate_name,
                         add_info,
                         found_crates,
-                        rustc_version: rustc_version(),
+                        rustc_version: rustc_version(sess.cfg_version),
                     });
                 } else if !locator.crate_rejections.via_invalid.is_empty() {
                     let mut crate_rejections = Vec::new();
@@ -1130,6 +1131,18 @@ impl CrateError {
             CrateError::NonDylibPlugin(crate_name) => {
                 sess.emit_err(errors::NoDylibPlugin { span, crate_name });
             }
+            CrateError::NotFound(crate_name) => {
+                sess.emit_err(errors::CannotFindCrate {
+                    span,
+                    crate_name,
+                    add_info: String::new(),
+                    missing_core,
+                    current_crate: sess.opts.crate_name.clone().unwrap_or("<unknown>".to_string()),
+                    is_nightly_build: sess.is_nightly_build(),
+                    profiler_runtime: Symbol::intern(&sess.opts.unstable_opts.profiler_runtime),
+                    locator_triple: sess.opts.target_triple.clone(),
+                });
+            }
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/decoder.rs b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/decoder.rs
index a310cbb8029..8f883bdcf12 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/decoder.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/decoder.rs
@@ -7,8 +7,9 @@ use crate::rmeta::*;
 use rustc_ast as ast;
 use rustc_data_structures::captures::Captures;
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashMap;
+use rustc_data_structures::owned_slice::OwnedSlice;
 use rustc_data_structures::svh::Svh;
-use rustc_data_structures::sync::{AppendOnlyVec, Lock, Lrc, OnceCell};
+use rustc_data_structures::sync::{AppendOnlyVec, AtomicBool, Lock, Lrc, OnceCell};
 use rustc_data_structures::unhash::UnhashMap;
 use rustc_expand::base::{SyntaxExtension, SyntaxExtensionKind};
 use rustc_expand::proc_macro::{AttrProcMacro, BangProcMacro, DeriveProcMacro};
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@ use rustc_hir::definitions::{DefKey, DefPath, DefPathData, DefPathHash};
 use rustc_hir::diagnostic_items::DiagnosticItems;
 use rustc_index::{Idx, IndexVec};
 use rustc_middle::metadata::ModChild;
+use rustc_middle::middle::debugger_visualizer::DebuggerVisualizerFile;
 use rustc_middle::middle::exported_symbols::{ExportedSymbol, SymbolExportInfo};
 use rustc_middle::mir::interpret::{AllocDecodingSession, AllocDecodingState};
 use rustc_middle::ty::codec::TyDecoder;
@@ -38,6 +40,7 @@ use proc_macro::bridge::client::ProcMacro;
 use std::iter::TrustedLen;
 use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
 use std::path::Path;
+use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
 use std::{io, iter, mem};
 
 pub(super) use cstore_impl::provide;
@@ -50,7 +53,7 @@ mod cstore_impl;
 /// A `MetadataBlob` internally is just a reference counted pointer to
 /// the actual data, so cloning it is cheap.
 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub(crate) struct MetadataBlob(Lrc<MetadataRef>);
+pub(crate) struct MetadataBlob(pub(crate) OwnedSlice);
 
 impl std::ops::Deref for MetadataBlob {
     type Target = [u8];
@@ -72,6 +75,7 @@ pub(crate) struct CrateMetadata {
     blob: MetadataBlob,
 
     // --- Some data pre-decoded from the metadata blob, usually for performance ---
+    /// Data about the top-level items in a crate, as well as various crate-level metadata.
     root: CrateRoot,
     /// Trait impl data.
     /// FIXME: Used only from queries and can use query cache,
@@ -109,9 +113,10 @@ pub(crate) struct CrateMetadata {
     dep_kind: Lock<CrateDepKind>,
     /// Filesystem location of this crate.
     source: Lrc<CrateSource>,
-    /// Whether or not this crate should be consider a private dependency
-    /// for purposes of the 'exported_private_dependencies' lint
-    private_dep: bool,
+    /// Whether or not this crate should be consider a private dependency.
+    /// Used by the 'exported_private_dependencies' lint, and for determining
+    /// whether to emit suggestions that reference this crate.
+    private_dep: AtomicBool,
     /// The hash for the host proc macro. Used to support `-Z dual-proc-macro`.
     host_hash: Option<Svh>,
 
@@ -447,7 +452,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Decodable<DecodeContext<'a, 'tcx>> for SyntaxContext {
                 You need to explicitly pass `(crate_metadata_ref, tcx)` to `decode` instead of just `crate_metadata_ref`.");
         };
 
-        let cname = cdata.root.name;
+        let cname = cdata.root.name();
         rustc_span::hygiene::decode_syntax_context(decoder, &cdata.hygiene_context, |_, id| {
             debug!("SpecializedDecoder<SyntaxContext>: decoding {}", id);
             cdata
@@ -562,7 +567,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Decodable<DecodeContext<'a, 'tcx>> for Span {
                 let cnum = u32::decode(decoder);
                 panic!(
                     "Decoding of crate {:?} tried to access proc-macro dep {:?}",
-                    decoder.cdata().root.name,
+                    decoder.cdata().root.header.name,
                     cnum
                 );
             }
@@ -660,10 +665,6 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, I: Idx, T> Decodable<DecodeContext<'a, 'tcx>> for LazyTable<I, T>
 implement_ty_decoder!(DecodeContext<'a, 'tcx>);
 
 impl MetadataBlob {
-    pub(crate) fn new(metadata_ref: MetadataRef) -> MetadataBlob {
-        MetadataBlob(Lrc::new(metadata_ref))
-    }
-
     pub(crate) fn is_compatible(&self) -> bool {
         self.blob().starts_with(METADATA_HEADER)
     }
@@ -673,6 +674,16 @@ impl MetadataBlob {
             .decode(self)
     }
 
+    pub(crate) fn get_header(&self) -> CrateHeader {
+        let slice = &self.blob()[..];
+        let offset = METADATA_HEADER.len();
+
+        let pos_bytes = slice[offset..][..4].try_into().unwrap();
+        let pos = u32::from_be_bytes(pos_bytes) as usize;
+
+        LazyValue::<CrateHeader>::from_position(NonZeroUsize::new(pos).unwrap()).decode(self)
+    }
+
     pub(crate) fn get_root(&self) -> CrateRoot {
         let slice = &self.blob()[..];
         let offset = METADATA_HEADER.len();
@@ -686,18 +697,19 @@ impl MetadataBlob {
     pub(crate) fn list_crate_metadata(&self, out: &mut dyn io::Write) -> io::Result<()> {
         let root = self.get_root();
         writeln!(out, "Crate info:")?;
-        writeln!(out, "name {}{}", root.name, root.extra_filename)?;
-        writeln!(out, "hash {} stable_crate_id {:?}", root.hash, root.stable_crate_id)?;
+        writeln!(out, "name {}{}", root.name(), root.extra_filename)?;
+        writeln!(out, "hash {} stable_crate_id {:?}", root.hash(), root.stable_crate_id)?;
         writeln!(out, "proc_macro {:?}", root.proc_macro_data.is_some())?;
         writeln!(out, "=External Dependencies=")?;
 
         for (i, dep) in root.crate_deps.decode(self).enumerate() {
-            let CrateDep { name, extra_filename, hash, host_hash, kind } = dep;
+            let CrateDep { name, extra_filename, hash, host_hash, kind, is_private } = dep;
             let number = i + 1;
 
             writeln!(
                 out,
-                "{number} {name}{extra_filename} hash {hash} host_hash {host_hash:?} kind {kind:?}"
+                "{number} {name}{extra_filename} hash {hash} host_hash {host_hash:?} kind {kind:?} {privacy}",
+                privacy = if is_private { "private" } else { "public" }
             )?;
         }
         write!(out, "\n")?;
@@ -711,21 +723,17 @@ impl CrateRoot {
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn name(&self) -> Symbol {
-        self.name
+        self.header.name
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn hash(&self) -> Svh {
-        self.hash
+        self.header.hash
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn stable_crate_id(&self) -> StableCrateId {
         self.stable_crate_id
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn triple(&self) -> &TargetTriple {
-        &self.triple
-    }
-
     pub(crate) fn decode_crate_deps<'a>(
         &self,
         metadata: &'a MetadataBlob,
@@ -796,7 +804,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> CrateMetadataRef<'a> {
             bug!(
                 "CrateMetadata::def_kind({:?}): id not found, in crate {:?} with number {}",
                 item_id,
-                self.root.name,
+                self.root.name(),
                 self.cnum,
             )
         })
@@ -853,10 +861,15 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> CrateMetadataRef<'a> {
         } else {
             tcx.arena.alloc_from_iter(lazy.decode((self, tcx)))
         };
-        ty::EarlyBinder(&*output)
+        ty::EarlyBinder::bind(&*output)
     }
 
-    fn get_variant(self, kind: &DefKind, index: DefIndex, parent_did: DefId) -> ty::VariantDef {
+    fn get_variant(
+        self,
+        kind: DefKind,
+        index: DefIndex,
+        parent_did: DefId,
+    ) -> (VariantIdx, ty::VariantDef) {
         let adt_kind = match kind {
             DefKind::Variant => ty::AdtKind::Enum,
             DefKind::Struct => ty::AdtKind::Struct,
@@ -870,22 +883,25 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> CrateMetadataRef<'a> {
             if adt_kind == ty::AdtKind::Enum { Some(self.local_def_id(index)) } else { None };
         let ctor = data.ctor.map(|(kind, index)| (kind, self.local_def_id(index)));
 
-        ty::VariantDef::new(
-            self.item_name(index),
-            variant_did,
-            ctor,
-            data.discr,
-            self.get_associated_item_or_field_def_ids(index)
-                .map(|did| ty::FieldDef {
-                    did,
-                    name: self.item_name(did.index),
-                    vis: self.get_visibility(did.index),
-                })
-                .collect(),
-            adt_kind,
-            parent_did,
-            false,
-            data.is_non_exhaustive,
+        (
+            data.idx,
+            ty::VariantDef::new(
+                self.item_name(index),
+                variant_did,
+                ctor,
+                data.discr,
+                self.get_associated_item_or_field_def_ids(index)
+                    .map(|did| ty::FieldDef {
+                        did,
+                        name: self.item_name(did.index),
+                        vis: self.get_visibility(did.index),
+                    })
+                    .collect(),
+                adt_kind,
+                parent_did,
+                false,
+                data.is_non_exhaustive,
+            ),
         )
     }
 
@@ -901,7 +917,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> CrateMetadataRef<'a> {
         };
         let repr = self.root.tables.repr_options.get(self, item_id).unwrap().decode(self);
 
-        let variants = if let ty::AdtKind::Enum = adt_kind {
+        let mut variants: Vec<_> = if let ty::AdtKind::Enum = adt_kind {
             self.root
                 .tables
                 .module_children_non_reexports
@@ -912,15 +928,22 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> CrateMetadataRef<'a> {
                     let kind = self.def_kind(index);
                     match kind {
                         DefKind::Ctor(..) => None,
-                        _ => Some(self.get_variant(&kind, index, did)),
+                        _ => Some(self.get_variant(kind, index, did)),
                     }
                 })
                 .collect()
         } else {
-            std::iter::once(self.get_variant(&kind, item_id, did)).collect()
+            std::iter::once(self.get_variant(kind, item_id, did)).collect()
         };
 
-        tcx.mk_adt_def(did, adt_kind, variants, repr)
+        variants.sort_by_key(|(idx, _)| *idx);
+
+        tcx.mk_adt_def(
+            did,
+            adt_kind,
+            variants.into_iter().map(|(_, variant)| variant).collect(),
+            repr,
+        )
     }
 
     fn get_visibility(self, id: DefIndex) -> Visibility<DefId> {
@@ -946,7 +969,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> CrateMetadataRef<'a> {
             .decode((self, sess))
     }
 
-    fn get_debugger_visualizers(self) -> Vec<rustc_span::DebuggerVisualizerFile> {
+    fn get_debugger_visualizers(self) -> Vec<DebuggerVisualizerFile> {
         self.root.debugger_visualizers.decode(self).collect::<Vec<_>>()
     }
 
@@ -1047,7 +1070,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> CrateMetadataRef<'a> {
             .expect("argument names not encoded for a function")
             .decode((self, sess))
             .nth(0)
-            .map_or(false, |ident| ident.name == kw::SelfLower)
+            .is_some_and(|ident| ident.name == kw::SelfLower)
     }
 
     fn get_associated_item_or_field_def_ids(
@@ -1239,14 +1262,6 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> CrateMetadataRef<'a> {
         }
     }
 
-    fn is_foreign_item(self, id: DefIndex) -> bool {
-        if let Some(parent) = self.def_key(id).parent {
-            matches!(self.def_kind(parent), DefKind::ForeignMod)
-        } else {
-            false
-        }
-    }
-
     #[inline]
     fn def_key(self, index: DefIndex) -> DefKey {
         *self
@@ -1457,28 +1472,30 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> CrateMetadataRef<'a> {
                     ..
                 } = source_file_to_import;
 
-                // If this file is under $sysroot/lib/rustlib/src/ but has not been remapped
-                // during rust bootstrapping by `remap-debuginfo = true`, and the user
-                // wish to simulate that behaviour by -Z simulate-remapped-rust-src-base,
+                // If this file is under $sysroot/lib/rustlib/src/
+                // and the user wish to simulate remapping with -Z simulate-remapped-rust-src-base,
                 // then we change `name` to a similar state as if the rust was bootstrapped
                 // with `remap-debuginfo = true`.
                 // This is useful for testing so that tests about the effects of
                 // `try_to_translate_virtual_to_real` don't have to worry about how the
                 // compiler is bootstrapped.
                 if let Some(virtual_dir) = &sess.opts.unstable_opts.simulate_remapped_rust_src_base
-                {
-                    if let Some(real_dir) = &sess.opts.real_rust_source_base_dir {
-                        for subdir in ["library", "compiler"] {
-                            if let rustc_span::FileName::Real(ref mut old_name) = name {
-                                if let rustc_span::RealFileName::LocalPath(local) = old_name {
-                                    if let Ok(rest) = local.strip_prefix(real_dir.join(subdir)) {
-                                        *old_name = rustc_span::RealFileName::Remapped {
-                                            local_path: None,
-                                            virtual_name: virtual_dir.join(subdir).join(rest),
-                                        };
-                                    }
-                                }
-                            }
+                && let Some(real_dir) = &sess.opts.real_rust_source_base_dir
+                && let rustc_span::FileName::Real(ref mut old_name) = name {
+                    let relative_path = match old_name {
+                        rustc_span::RealFileName::LocalPath(local) => local.strip_prefix(real_dir).ok(),
+                        rustc_span::RealFileName::Remapped { virtual_name, .. } => {
+                            option_env!("CFG_VIRTUAL_RUST_SOURCE_BASE_DIR").and_then(|virtual_dir| virtual_name.strip_prefix(virtual_dir).ok())
+                        }
+                    };
+                    debug!(?relative_path, ?virtual_dir, "simulate_remapped_rust_src_base");
+                    for subdir in ["library", "compiler"] {
+                        if let Some(rest) = relative_path.and_then(|p| p.strip_prefix(subdir).ok()) {
+                            *old_name = rustc_span::RealFileName::Remapped {
+                                local_path: None, // FIXME: maybe we should preserve this?
+                                virtual_name: virtual_dir.join(subdir).join(rest),
+                            };
+                            break;
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -1610,7 +1627,7 @@ impl CrateMetadata {
             dependencies,
             dep_kind: Lock::new(dep_kind),
             source: Lrc::new(source),
-            private_dep,
+            private_dep: AtomicBool::new(private_dep),
             host_hash,
             extern_crate: Lock::new(None),
             hygiene_context: Default::default(),
@@ -1658,6 +1675,10 @@ impl CrateMetadata {
         self.dep_kind.with_lock(|dep_kind| *dep_kind = f(*dep_kind))
     }
 
+    pub(crate) fn update_and_private_dep(&self, private_dep: bool) {
+        self.private_dep.fetch_and(private_dep, Ordering::SeqCst);
+    }
+
     pub(crate) fn required_panic_strategy(&self) -> Option<PanicStrategy> {
         self.root.required_panic_strategy
     }
@@ -1695,11 +1716,11 @@ impl CrateMetadata {
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn name(&self) -> Symbol {
-        self.root.name
+        self.root.header.name
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn hash(&self) -> Svh {
-        self.root.hash
+        self.root.header.hash
     }
 
     fn num_def_ids(&self) -> usize {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/decoder/cstore_impl.rs b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/decoder/cstore_impl.rs
index 4a3b783c636..a15307e4345 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/decoder/cstore_impl.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/decoder/cstore_impl.rs
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ use rustc_middle::metadata::ModChild;
 use rustc_middle::middle::exported_symbols::ExportedSymbol;
 use rustc_middle::middle::stability::DeprecationEntry;
 use rustc_middle::query::LocalCrate;
+use rustc_middle::query::{ExternProviders, Providers};
 use rustc_middle::ty::fast_reject::SimplifiedType;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::{ExternProviders, Providers};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_session::cstore::CrateStore;
 use rustc_session::{Session, StableCrateId};
@@ -114,8 +114,8 @@ macro_rules! provide_one {
     ($tcx:ident, $def_id:ident, $other:ident, $cdata:ident, $name:ident => $compute:block) => {
         fn $name<'tcx>(
             $tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-            def_id_arg: ty::query::query_keys::$name<'tcx>,
-        ) -> ty::query::query_provided::$name<'tcx> {
+            def_id_arg: rustc_middle::query::queries::$name::Key<'tcx>,
+        ) -> rustc_middle::query::queries::$name::ProvidedValue<'tcx> {
             let _prof_timer =
                 $tcx.prof.generic_activity(concat!("metadata_decode_entry_", stringify!($name)));
 
@@ -280,13 +280,18 @@ provide! { tcx, def_id, other, cdata,
     }
     associated_item => { cdata.get_associated_item(def_id.index, tcx.sess) }
     inherent_impls => { cdata.get_inherent_implementations_for_type(tcx, def_id.index) }
-    is_foreign_item => { cdata.is_foreign_item(def_id.index) }
     item_attrs => { tcx.arena.alloc_from_iter(cdata.get_item_attrs(def_id.index, tcx.sess)) }
     is_mir_available => { cdata.is_item_mir_available(def_id.index) }
     is_ctfe_mir_available => { cdata.is_ctfe_mir_available(def_id.index) }
 
     dylib_dependency_formats => { cdata.get_dylib_dependency_formats(tcx) }
-    is_private_dep => { cdata.private_dep }
+    is_private_dep => {
+        // Parallel compiler needs to synchronize type checking and linting (which use this flag)
+        // so that they happen strictly crate loading. Otherwise, the full list of available
+        // impls aren't loaded yet.
+        use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
+        cdata.private_dep.load(Ordering::Acquire)
+    }
     is_panic_runtime => { cdata.root.panic_runtime }
     is_compiler_builtins => { cdata.root.compiler_builtins }
     has_global_allocator => { cdata.root.has_global_allocator }
@@ -318,13 +323,13 @@ provide! { tcx, def_id, other, cdata,
     }
     native_libraries => { cdata.get_native_libraries(tcx.sess).collect() }
     foreign_modules => { cdata.get_foreign_modules(tcx.sess).map(|m| (m.def_id, m)).collect() }
-    crate_hash => { cdata.root.hash }
+    crate_hash => { cdata.root.header.hash }
     crate_host_hash => { cdata.host_hash }
-    crate_name => { cdata.root.name }
+    crate_name => { cdata.root.header.name }
 
     extra_filename => { cdata.root.extra_filename.clone() }
 
-    traits_in_crate => { tcx.arena.alloc_from_iter(cdata.get_traits()) }
+    traits => { tcx.arena.alloc_from_iter(cdata.get_traits()) }
     trait_impls_in_crate => { tcx.arena.alloc_from_iter(cdata.get_trait_impls()) }
     implementations_of_trait => { cdata.get_implementations_of_trait(tcx, other) }
     crate_incoherent_impls => { cdata.get_incoherent_impls(tcx, other) }
@@ -582,7 +587,7 @@ impl CrateStore for CStore {
     }
 
     fn crate_name(&self, cnum: CrateNum) -> Symbol {
-        self.get_crate_data(cnum).root.name
+        self.get_crate_data(cnum).root.header.name
     }
 
     fn stable_crate_id(&self, cnum: CrateNum) -> StableCrateId {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/def_path_hash_map.rs b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/def_path_hash_map.rs
index 05402a58701..4f280bb9d80 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/def_path_hash_map.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/def_path_hash_map.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 use crate::rmeta::DecodeContext;
 use crate::rmeta::EncodeContext;
-use rustc_data_structures::owned_slice::slice_owned;
 use rustc_data_structures::owned_slice::OwnedSlice;
 use rustc_hir::def_path_hash_map::{Config as HashMapConfig, DefPathHashMap};
 use rustc_middle::parameterized_over_tcx;
@@ -47,7 +46,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Decodable<DecodeContext<'a, 'tcx>> for DefPathHashMapRef<'static>
     fn decode(d: &mut DecodeContext<'a, 'tcx>) -> DefPathHashMapRef<'static> {
         let len = d.read_usize();
         let pos = d.position();
-        let o = slice_owned(d.blob().clone(), |blob| &blob[pos..pos + len]);
+        let o = d.blob().clone().0.slice(|blob| &blob[pos..pos + len]);
 
         // Although we already have the data we need via the `OwnedSlice`, we still need
         // to advance the `DecodeContext`'s position so it's in a valid state after
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/encoder.rs b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/encoder.rs
index 29cf432b8f9..6ceb61e793e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/encoder.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/encoder.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use rustc_data_structures::fingerprint::Fingerprint;
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashMap, FxIndexSet};
 use rustc_data_structures::memmap::{Mmap, MmapMut};
 use rustc_data_structures::stable_hasher::{Hash128, HashStable, StableHasher};
-use rustc_data_structures::sync::{join, par_iter, Lrc, ParallelIterator};
+use rustc_data_structures::sync::{join, par_for_each_in, Lrc};
 use rustc_data_structures::temp_dir::MaybeTempDir;
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def::DefKind;
@@ -19,16 +19,17 @@ use rustc_hir::definitions::DefPathData;
 use rustc_hir::intravisit::{self, Visitor};
 use rustc_hir::lang_items::LangItem;
 use rustc_middle::hir::nested_filter;
+use rustc_middle::middle::debugger_visualizer::DebuggerVisualizerFile;
 use rustc_middle::middle::dependency_format::Linkage;
 use rustc_middle::middle::exported_symbols::{
     metadata_symbol_name, ExportedSymbol, SymbolExportInfo,
 };
 use rustc_middle::mir::interpret;
 use rustc_middle::query::LocalCrate;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::traits::specialization_graph;
 use rustc_middle::ty::codec::TyEncoder;
 use rustc_middle::ty::fast_reject::{self, SimplifiedType, TreatParams};
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, SymbolName, Ty, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_middle::util::common::to_readable_str;
 use rustc_serialize::{opaque, Decodable, Decoder, Encodable, Encoder};
@@ -36,9 +37,7 @@ use rustc_session::config::{CrateType, OptLevel};
 use rustc_session::cstore::{ForeignModule, LinkagePreference, NativeLib};
 use rustc_span::hygiene::{ExpnIndex, HygieneEncodeContext, MacroKind};
 use rustc_span::symbol::{sym, Symbol};
-use rustc_span::{
-    self, DebuggerVisualizerFile, ExternalSource, FileName, SourceFile, Span, SyntaxContext,
-};
+use rustc_span::{self, ExternalSource, FileName, SourceFile, Span, SyntaxContext};
 use std::borrow::Borrow;
 use std::collections::hash_map::Entry;
 use std::hash::Hash;
@@ -663,10 +662,13 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> EncodeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
         let root = stat!("final", || {
             let attrs = tcx.hir().krate_attrs();
             self.lazy(CrateRoot {
-                name: tcx.crate_name(LOCAL_CRATE),
+                header: CrateHeader {
+                    name: tcx.crate_name(LOCAL_CRATE),
+                    triple: tcx.sess.opts.target_triple.clone(),
+                    hash: tcx.crate_hash(LOCAL_CRATE),
+                    is_proc_macro_crate: proc_macro_data.is_some(),
+                },
                 extra_filename: tcx.sess.opts.cg.extra_filename.clone(),
-                triple: tcx.sess.opts.target_triple.clone(),
-                hash: tcx.crate_hash(LOCAL_CRATE),
                 stable_crate_id: tcx.def_path_hash(LOCAL_CRATE.as_def_id()).stable_crate_id(),
                 required_panic_strategy: tcx.required_panic_strategy(LOCAL_CRATE),
                 panic_in_drop_strategy: tcx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.panic_in_drop,
@@ -1375,9 +1377,10 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> EncodeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
             // Therefore, the loop over variants will encode its fields as the adt's children.
         }
 
-        for variant in adt_def.variants().iter() {
+        for (idx, variant) in adt_def.variants().iter_enumerated() {
             let data = VariantData {
                 discr: variant.discr,
+                idx,
                 ctor: variant.ctor.map(|(kind, def_id)| (kind, def_id.index)),
                 is_non_exhaustive: variant.is_field_list_non_exhaustive(),
             };
@@ -1515,8 +1518,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> EncodeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
             if encode_opt {
                 record!(self.tables.optimized_mir[def_id.to_def_id()] <- tcx.optimized_mir(def_id));
 
-                if tcx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.drop_tracking_mir && let DefKind::Generator = self.tcx.def_kind(def_id) {
-                    record!(self.tables.mir_generator_witnesses[def_id.to_def_id()] <- tcx.mir_generator_witnesses(def_id));
+                if tcx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.drop_tracking_mir
+                    && let DefKind::Generator = self.tcx.def_kind(def_id)
+                    && let Some(witnesses) = tcx.mir_generator_witnesses(def_id)
+                {
+                    record!(self.tables.mir_generator_witnesses[def_id.to_def_id()] <- witnesses);
                 }
             }
             if encode_const {
@@ -1641,9 +1647,10 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> EncodeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
             }
             hir::ItemKind::OpaqueTy(ref opaque) => {
                 self.encode_explicit_item_bounds(def_id);
-                self.tables
-                    .is_type_alias_impl_trait
-                    .set(def_id.index, matches!(opaque.origin, hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias));
+                self.tables.is_type_alias_impl_trait.set(
+                    def_id.index,
+                    matches!(opaque.origin, hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias { .. }),
+                );
             }
             hir::ItemKind::Impl(hir::Impl { defaultness, constness, .. }) => {
                 self.tables.impl_defaultness.set_some(def_id.index, *defaultness);
@@ -1723,7 +1730,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> EncodeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
             ty::Closure(_, substs) => {
                 let constness = self.tcx.constness(def_id.to_def_id());
                 self.tables.constness.set_some(def_id.to_def_id().index, constness);
-                record!(self.tables.fn_sig[def_id.to_def_id()] <- ty::EarlyBinder(substs.as_closure().sig()));
+                record!(self.tables.fn_sig[def_id.to_def_id()] <- ty::EarlyBinder::bind(substs.as_closure().sig()));
             }
 
             _ => bug!("closure that is neither generator nor closure"),
@@ -1850,7 +1857,16 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> EncodeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
 
     fn encode_debugger_visualizers(&mut self) -> LazyArray<DebuggerVisualizerFile> {
         empty_proc_macro!(self);
-        self.lazy_array(self.tcx.debugger_visualizers(LOCAL_CRATE).iter())
+        self.lazy_array(
+            self.tcx
+                .debugger_visualizers(LOCAL_CRATE)
+                .iter()
+                // Erase the path since it may contain privacy sensitive data
+                // that we don't want to end up in crate metadata.
+                // The path is only needed for the local crate because of
+                // `--emit dep-info`.
+                .map(DebuggerVisualizerFile::path_erased),
+        )
     }
 
     fn encode_crate_deps(&mut self) -> LazyArray<CrateDep> {
@@ -1867,6 +1883,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> EncodeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                     host_hash: self.tcx.crate_host_hash(cnum),
                     kind: self.tcx.dep_kind(cnum),
                     extra_filename: self.tcx.extra_filename(cnum).clone(),
+                    is_private: self.tcx.is_private_dep(cnum),
                 };
                 (cnum, dep)
             })
@@ -1925,7 +1942,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> EncodeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
 
     fn encode_traits(&mut self) -> LazyArray<DefIndex> {
         empty_proc_macro!(self);
-        self.lazy_array(self.tcx.traits_in_crate(LOCAL_CRATE).iter().map(|def_id| def_id.index))
+        self.lazy_array(self.tcx.traits(LOCAL_CRATE).iter().map(|def_id| def_id.index))
     }
 
     /// Encodes an index, mapping each trait to its (local) implementations.
@@ -2129,7 +2146,7 @@ fn prefetch_mir(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>) {
         return;
     }
 
-    par_iter(tcx.mir_keys(())).for_each(|&def_id| {
+    par_for_each_in(tcx.mir_keys(()), |&def_id| {
         let (encode_const, encode_opt) = should_encode_mir(tcx, def_id);
 
         if encode_const {
@@ -2271,7 +2288,7 @@ fn encode_metadata_impl(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, path: &Path) {
     };
 
     // Encode the rustc version string in a predictable location.
-    rustc_version().encode(&mut ecx);
+    rustc_version(tcx.sess.cfg_version).encode(&mut ecx);
 
     // Encode all the entries and extra information in the crate,
     // culminating in the `CrateRoot` which points to all of it.
@@ -2316,7 +2333,7 @@ pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
                 .get(&def_id)
                 .expect("no traits in scope for a doc link")
         },
-        traits_in_crate: |tcx, LocalCrate| {
+        traits: |tcx, LocalCrate| {
             let mut traits = Vec::new();
             for id in tcx.hir().items() {
                 if matches!(tcx.def_kind(id.owner_id), DefKind::Trait | DefKind::TraitAlias) {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/mod.rs
index e2f6acb186b..2da888f4468 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/mod.rs
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ use crate::creader::CrateMetadataRef;
 use decoder::Metadata;
 use def_path_hash_map::DefPathHashMapRef;
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashMap;
+use rustc_middle::middle::debugger_visualizer::DebuggerVisualizerFile;
 use table::TableBuilder;
 
 use rustc_ast as ast;
 use rustc_attr as attr;
 use rustc_data_structures::svh::Svh;
-use rustc_data_structures::sync::MetadataRef;
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def::{CtorKind, DefKind, DocLinkResMap};
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{CrateNum, DefId, DefIndex, DefPathHash, StableCrateId};
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ use rustc_middle::middle::codegen_fn_attrs::CodegenFnAttrs;
 use rustc_middle::middle::exported_symbols::{ExportedSymbol, SymbolExportInfo};
 use rustc_middle::middle::resolve_bound_vars::ObjectLifetimeDefault;
 use rustc_middle::mir;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::fast_reject::SimplifiedType;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, ReprOptions, Ty, UnusedGenericParams};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{DeducedParamAttrs, GeneratorDiagnosticData, ParameterizedOverTcx, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_serialize::opaque::FileEncoder;
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ use rustc_span::edition::Edition;
 use rustc_span::hygiene::{ExpnIndex, MacroKind};
 use rustc_span::symbol::{Ident, Symbol};
 use rustc_span::{self, ExpnData, ExpnHash, ExpnId, Span};
+use rustc_target::abi::VariantIdx;
 use rustc_target::spec::{PanicStrategy, TargetTriple};
 
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
@@ -48,14 +49,14 @@ mod def_path_hash_map;
 mod encoder;
 mod table;
 
-pub(crate) fn rustc_version() -> String {
-    format!("rustc {}", option_env!("CFG_VERSION").unwrap_or("unknown version"))
+pub(crate) fn rustc_version(cfg_version: &'static str) -> String {
+    format!("rustc {}", cfg_version)
 }
 
 /// Metadata encoding version.
 /// N.B., increment this if you change the format of metadata such that
 /// the rustc version can't be found to compare with `rustc_version()`.
-const METADATA_VERSION: u8 = 7;
+const METADATA_VERSION: u8 = 8;
 
 /// Metadata header which includes `METADATA_VERSION`.
 ///
@@ -198,7 +199,27 @@ pub(crate) struct ProcMacroData {
     macros: LazyArray<DefIndex>,
 }
 
-/// Serialized metadata for a crate.
+/// Serialized crate metadata.
+///
+/// This contains just enough information to determine if we should load the `CrateRoot` or not.
+/// Prefer [`CrateRoot`] whenever possible to avoid ICEs when using `omit-git-hash` locally.
+/// See #76720 for more details.
+///
+/// If you do modify this struct, also bump the [`METADATA_VERSION`] constant.
+#[derive(MetadataEncodable, MetadataDecodable)]
+pub(crate) struct CrateHeader {
+    pub(crate) triple: TargetTriple,
+    pub(crate) hash: Svh,
+    pub(crate) name: Symbol,
+    /// Whether this is the header for a proc-macro crate.
+    ///
+    /// This is separate from [`ProcMacroData`] to avoid having to update [`METADATA_VERSION`] every
+    /// time ProcMacroData changes.
+    pub(crate) is_proc_macro_crate: bool,
+}
+
+/// Serialized `.rmeta` data for a crate.
+///
 /// When compiling a proc-macro crate, we encode many of
 /// the `LazyArray<T>` fields as `Lazy::empty()`. This serves two purposes:
 ///
@@ -216,10 +237,10 @@ pub(crate) struct ProcMacroData {
 /// to being unused.
 #[derive(MetadataEncodable, MetadataDecodable)]
 pub(crate) struct CrateRoot {
-    name: Symbol,
-    triple: TargetTriple,
+    /// A header used to detect if this is the right crate to load.
+    header: CrateHeader,
+
     extra_filename: String,
-    hash: Svh,
     stable_crate_id: StableCrateId,
     required_panic_strategy: Option<PanicStrategy>,
     panic_in_drop_strategy: PanicStrategy,
@@ -245,7 +266,7 @@ pub(crate) struct CrateRoot {
     proc_macro_data: Option<ProcMacroData>,
 
     tables: LazyTables,
-    debugger_visualizers: LazyArray<rustc_span::DebuggerVisualizerFile>,
+    debugger_visualizers: LazyArray<DebuggerVisualizerFile>,
 
     exported_symbols: LazyArray<(ExportedSymbol<'static>, SymbolExportInfo)>,
 
@@ -301,6 +322,7 @@ pub(crate) struct CrateDep {
     pub host_hash: Option<Svh>,
     pub kind: CrateDepKind,
     pub extra_filename: String,
+    pub is_private: bool,
 }
 
 #[derive(MetadataEncodable, MetadataDecodable)]
@@ -430,6 +452,7 @@ define_tables! {
 
 #[derive(TyEncodable, TyDecodable)]
 struct VariantData {
+    idx: VariantIdx,
     discr: ty::VariantDiscr,
     /// If this is unit or tuple-variant/struct, then this is the index of the ctor id.
     ctor: Option<(CtorKind, DefIndex)>,
@@ -463,6 +486,7 @@ trivially_parameterized_over_tcx! {
     RawDefId,
     TraitImpls,
     IncoherentImpls,
+    CrateHeader,
     CrateRoot,
     CrateDep,
     AttrFlags,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/table.rs b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/table.rs
index dda30bce2c0..f002d7f97b9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/table.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/table.rs
@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ where
     /// Given the metadata, extract out the value at a particular index (if any).
     #[inline(never)]
     pub(super) fn get<'a, 'tcx, M: Metadata<'a, 'tcx>>(&self, metadata: M, i: I) -> T::Value<'tcx> {
-        debug!("LazyTable::lookup: index={:?} len={:?}", i, self.encoded_size);
+        trace!("LazyTable::lookup: index={:?} len={:?}", i, self.encoded_size);
 
         let start = self.position.get();
         let bytes = &metadata.blob()[start..start + self.encoded_size];
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/Cargo.toml b/compiler/rustc_middle/Cargo.toml
index a7d97bd3cf5..7c56af1da41 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/Cargo.toml
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/Cargo.toml
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ chalk-ir = "0.87.0"
 derive_more = "0.99.17"
 either = "1.5.0"
 gsgdt = "0.1.2"
+field-offset = "0.3.5"
 measureme = "10.0.0"
 polonius-engine = "0.13.0"
 rustc_apfloat = { path = "../rustc_apfloat" }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_middle/messages.ftl
index c6bbf2ef0cd..3d581daa925 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/messages.ftl
@@ -1,43 +1,45 @@
+middle_cannot_be_normalized =
+    unable to determine layout for `{$ty}` because `{$failure_ty}` cannot be normalized
+
+middle_conflict_types =
+    this expression supplies two conflicting concrete types for the same opaque type
+
+middle_const_eval_non_int =
+    constant evaluation of enum discriminant resulted in non-integer
+
+middle_const_not_used_in_type_alias =
+    const parameter `{$ct}` is part of concrete type but not used in parameter list for the `impl Trait` type alias
+
+middle_cycle =
+    a cycle occurred during layout computation
+
 middle_drop_check_overflow =
     overflow while adding drop-check rules for {$ty}
     .note = overflowed on {$overflow_ty}
 
+middle_limit_invalid =
+    `limit` must be a non-negative integer
+    .label = {$error_str}
+
 middle_opaque_hidden_type_mismatch =
     concrete type differs from previous defining opaque type use
     .label = expected `{$self_ty}`, got `{$other_ty}`
 
-middle_conflict_types =
-    this expression supplies two conflicting concrete types for the same opaque type
-
 middle_previous_use_here =
     previous use here
 
-middle_limit_invalid =
-    `limit` must be a non-negative integer
-    .label = {$error_str}
-
 middle_recursion_limit_reached =
     reached the recursion limit finding the struct tail for `{$ty}`
     .help = consider increasing the recursion limit by adding a `#![recursion_limit = "{$suggested_limit}"]`
 
-middle_const_eval_non_int =
-    constant evaluation of enum discriminant resulted in non-integer
+middle_requires_lang_item = requires `{$name}` lang_item
+
+middle_strict_coherence_needs_negative_coherence =
+    to use `strict_coherence` on this trait, the `with_negative_coherence` feature must be enabled
+    .label = due to this attribute
 
 middle_unknown_layout =
     the type `{$ty}` has an unknown layout
 
 middle_values_too_big =
     values of the type `{$ty}` are too big for the current architecture
-
-middle_cannot_be_normalized =
-    unable to determine layout for `{$ty}` because `{$failure_ty}` cannot be normalized
-
-middle_cycle =
-    a cycle occurred during layout computation
-
-middle_strict_coherence_needs_negative_coherence =
-    to use `strict_coherence` on this trait, the `with_negative_coherence` feature must be enabled
-    .label = due to this attribute
-
-middle_const_not_used_in_type_alias =
-    const parameter `{$ct}` is part of concrete type but not used in parameter list for the `impl Trait` type alias
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/arena.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/arena.rs
index 6a1a2a061dd..a149a61ec13 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/arena.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/arena.rs
@@ -121,6 +121,7 @@ macro_rules! arena_types {
                 >,
             [] bit_set_u32: rustc_index::bit_set::BitSet<u32>,
             [] external_constraints: rustc_middle::traits::solve::ExternalConstraintsData<'tcx>,
+            [] predefined_opaques_in_body: rustc_middle::traits::solve::PredefinedOpaquesData<'tcx>,
             [decode] doc_link_resolutions: rustc_hir::def::DocLinkResMap,
             [] closure_kind_origin: (rustc_span::Span, rustc_middle::hir::place::Place<'tcx>),
             [] mod_child: rustc_middle::metadata::ModChild,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/error.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/error.rs
index dc4aa18640f..046186d274c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/error.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/error.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use rustc_macros::Diagnostic;
-use rustc_span::Span;
+use rustc_span::{Span, Symbol};
 
 use crate::ty::Ty;
 
@@ -74,6 +74,14 @@ pub(crate) struct StrictCoherenceNeedsNegativeCoherence {
 }
 
 #[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(middle_requires_lang_item)]
+pub(crate) struct RequiresLangItem {
+    #[primary_span]
+    pub span: Option<Span>,
+    pub name: Symbol,
+}
+
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
 #[diag(middle_const_not_used_in_type_alias)]
 pub(super) struct ConstNotUsedTraitAlias {
     pub ct: String,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/hir/map/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/hir/map/mod.rs
index 15d672c1408..d1ddc8fc1fd 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/hir/map/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/hir/map/mod.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 use crate::hir::{ModuleItems, Owner};
+use crate::middle::debugger_visualizer::DebuggerVisualizerFile;
 use crate::query::LocalCrate;
 use crate::ty::TyCtxt;
 use rustc_ast as ast;
 use rustc_data_structures::fingerprint::Fingerprint;
 use rustc_data_structures::stable_hasher::{HashStable, StableHasher};
 use rustc_data_structures::svh::Svh;
-use rustc_data_structures::sync::{par_for_each_in, Send, Sync};
+use rustc_data_structures::sync::{par_for_each_in, DynSend, DynSync};
 use rustc_hir::def::{DefKind, Res};
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefId, LocalDefId, CRATE_DEF_ID, LOCAL_CRATE};
 use rustc_hir::definitions::{DefKey, DefPath, DefPathData, DefPathHash};
@@ -150,11 +151,6 @@ impl<'hir> Map<'hir> {
         self.tcx.hir_module_items(module).items()
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn par_for_each_item(self, f: impl Fn(ItemId) + Sync + Send) {
-        par_for_each_in(&self.tcx.hir_crate_items(()).items[..], |id| f(*id));
-    }
-
     pub fn def_key(self, def_id: LocalDefId) -> DefKey {
         // Accessing the DefKey is ok, since it is part of DefPathHash.
         self.tcx.definitions_untracked().def_key(def_id)
@@ -414,7 +410,7 @@ impl<'hir> Map<'hir> {
     /// item (possibly associated), a closure, or a `hir::AnonConst`.
     pub fn body_owner(self, BodyId { hir_id }: BodyId) -> HirId {
         let parent = self.parent_id(hir_id);
-        assert!(self.find(parent).map_or(false, |n| is_body_owner(n, hir_id)), "{hir_id:?}");
+        assert!(self.find(parent).is_some_and(|n| is_body_owner(n, hir_id)), "{hir_id:?}");
         parent
     }
 
@@ -502,7 +498,7 @@ impl<'hir> Map<'hir> {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn par_body_owners(self, f: impl Fn(LocalDefId) + Sync + Send) {
+    pub fn par_body_owners(self, f: impl Fn(LocalDefId) + DynSend + DynSync) {
         par_for_each_in(&self.tcx.hir_crate_items(()).body_owners[..], |&def_id| f(def_id));
     }
 
@@ -640,7 +636,7 @@ impl<'hir> Map<'hir> {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn par_for_each_module(self, f: impl Fn(LocalDefId) + Sync + Send) {
+    pub fn par_for_each_module(self, f: impl Fn(LocalDefId) + DynSend + DynSync) {
         let crate_items = self.tcx.hir_crate_items(());
         par_for_each_in(&crate_items.submodules[..], |module| f(module.def_id))
     }
@@ -1170,11 +1166,26 @@ pub(super) fn crate_hash(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, _: LocalCrate) -> Svh {
 
     source_file_names.sort_unstable();
 
+    // We have to take care of debugger visualizers explicitly. The HIR (and
+    // thus `hir_body_hash`) contains the #[debugger_visualizer] attributes but
+    // these attributes only store the file path to the visualizer file, not
+    // their content. Yet that content is exported into crate metadata, so any
+    // changes to it need to be reflected in the crate hash.
+    let debugger_visualizers: Vec<_> = tcx
+        .debugger_visualizers(LOCAL_CRATE)
+        .iter()
+        // We ignore the path to the visualizer file since it's not going to be
+        // encoded in crate metadata and we already hash the full contents of
+        // the file.
+        .map(DebuggerVisualizerFile::path_erased)
+        .collect();
+
     let crate_hash: Fingerprint = tcx.with_stable_hashing_context(|mut hcx| {
         let mut stable_hasher = StableHasher::new();
         hir_body_hash.hash_stable(&mut hcx, &mut stable_hasher);
         upstream_crates.hash_stable(&mut hcx, &mut stable_hasher);
         source_file_names.hash_stable(&mut hcx, &mut stable_hasher);
+        debugger_visualizers.hash_stable(&mut hcx, &mut stable_hasher);
         if tcx.sess.opts.incremental_relative_spans() {
             let definitions = tcx.definitions_untracked();
             let mut owner_spans: Vec<_> = krate
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/hir/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/hir/mod.rs
index 7770a5e4764..45a07fdd293 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/hir/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/hir/mod.rs
@@ -6,10 +6,11 @@ pub mod map;
 pub mod nested_filter;
 pub mod place;
 
-use crate::ty::query::Providers;
+use crate::query::Providers;
 use crate::ty::{EarlyBinder, ImplSubject, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_data_structures::stable_hasher::{HashStable, StableHasher};
-use rustc_data_structures::sync::{par_for_each_in, Send, Sync};
+use rustc_data_structures::sync::{par_for_each_in, DynSend, DynSync};
+use rustc_hir::def::DefKind;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefId, LocalDefId};
 use rustc_hir::*;
 use rustc_query_system::ich::StableHashingContext;
@@ -77,19 +78,19 @@ impl ModuleItems {
         self.owners().map(|id| id.def_id)
     }
 
-    pub fn par_items(&self, f: impl Fn(ItemId) + Send + Sync) {
+    pub fn par_items(&self, f: impl Fn(ItemId) + DynSend + DynSync) {
         par_for_each_in(&self.items[..], |&id| f(id))
     }
 
-    pub fn par_trait_items(&self, f: impl Fn(TraitItemId) + Send + Sync) {
+    pub fn par_trait_items(&self, f: impl Fn(TraitItemId) + DynSend + DynSync) {
         par_for_each_in(&self.trait_items[..], |&id| f(id))
     }
 
-    pub fn par_impl_items(&self, f: impl Fn(ImplItemId) + Send + Sync) {
+    pub fn par_impl_items(&self, f: impl Fn(ImplItemId) + DynSend + DynSync) {
         par_for_each_in(&self.impl_items[..], |&id| f(id))
     }
 
-    pub fn par_foreign_items(&self, f: impl Fn(ForeignItemId) + Send + Sync) {
+    pub fn par_foreign_items(&self, f: impl Fn(ForeignItemId) + DynSend + DynSync) {
         par_for_each_in(&self.foreign_items[..], |&id| f(id))
     }
 }
@@ -110,6 +111,12 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
             None => self.type_of(def_id).map_bound(ImplSubject::Inherent),
         }
     }
+
+    /// Returns `true` if this is a foreign item (i.e., linked via `extern { ... }`).
+    pub fn is_foreign_item(self, def_id: impl Into<DefId>) -> bool {
+        self.opt_parent(def_id.into())
+            .is_some_and(|parent| matches!(self.def_kind(parent), DefKind::ForeignMod))
+    }
 }
 
 pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/infer/canonical.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/infer/canonical.rs
index c4e41e00520..29dae67bfca 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/infer/canonical.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/infer/canonical.rs
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ pub struct QueryResponse<'tcx, R> {
     /// should get its hidden type inferred. So we bubble the opaque type
     /// and the type it was compared against upwards and let the query caller
     /// handle it.
-    pub opaque_types: Vec<(Ty<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>)>,
+    pub opaque_types: Vec<(ty::OpaqueTypeKey<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>)>,
     pub value: R,
 }
 
@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ impl<'tcx> CanonicalVarValues<'tcx> {
                                 var: ty::BoundVar::from_usize(i),
                                 kind: ty::BrAnon(None),
                             };
-                            tcx.mk_re_late_bound(ty::INNERMOST, br).into()
+                            ty::Region::new_late_bound(tcx, ty::INNERMOST, br).into()
                         }
                         CanonicalVarKind::Const(_, ty)
                         | CanonicalVarKind::PlaceholderConst(_, ty) => tcx
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/lib.rs
index e9172e767e0..22ee2a8c5e5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/lib.rs
@@ -85,12 +85,7 @@ mod tests;
 mod macros;
 
 #[macro_use]
-pub mod query;
-
-#[macro_use]
 pub mod arena;
-#[macro_use]
-pub mod dep_graph;
 pub(crate) mod error;
 pub mod hir;
 pub mod infer;
@@ -104,6 +99,11 @@ pub mod ty;
 pub mod util;
 mod values;
 
+#[macro_use]
+pub mod query;
+#[macro_use]
+pub mod dep_graph;
+
 // Allows macros to refer to this crate as `::rustc_middle`
 extern crate self as rustc_middle;
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/lint.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/lint.rs
index c266584ac28..caf3fc26039 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/lint.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/lint.rs
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ pub fn explain_lint_level_source(
         }
         LintLevelSource::Node { name: lint_attr_name, span, reason, .. } => {
             if let Some(rationale) = reason {
-                err.note(rationale.as_str());
+                err.note(rationale.to_string());
             }
             err.span_note_once(span, "the lint level is defined here");
             if lint_attr_name.as_str() != name {
@@ -468,8 +468,7 @@ pub fn struct_lint_level(
 pub fn in_external_macro(sess: &Session, span: Span) -> bool {
     let expn_data = span.ctxt().outer_expn_data();
     match expn_data.kind {
-        ExpnKind::Inlined
-        | ExpnKind::Root
+        ExpnKind::Root
         | ExpnKind::Desugaring(
             DesugaringKind::ForLoop | DesugaringKind::WhileLoop | DesugaringKind::OpaqueTy,
         ) => false,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/debugger_visualizer.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/debugger_visualizer.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a0497d805da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/debugger_visualizer.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+use rustc_data_structures::sync::Lrc;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+#[derive(HashStable)]
+#[derive(Copy, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Clone, Ord, Eq, Hash, Debug, Encodable, Decodable)]
+pub enum DebuggerVisualizerType {
+    Natvis,
+    GdbPrettyPrinter,
+}
+
+/// A single debugger visualizer file.
+#[derive(HashStable)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Encodable, Decodable)]
+pub struct DebuggerVisualizerFile {
+    /// The complete debugger visualizer source.
+    pub src: Lrc<[u8]>,
+    /// Indicates which visualizer type this targets.
+    pub visualizer_type: DebuggerVisualizerType,
+    /// The file path to the visualizer file. This is used for reporting
+    /// visualizer files in dep-info. Before it is written to crate metadata,
+    /// the path is erased to `None`, so as not to emit potentially privacy
+    /// sensitive data.
+    pub path: Option<PathBuf>,
+}
+
+impl DebuggerVisualizerFile {
+    pub fn new(src: Lrc<[u8]>, visualizer_type: DebuggerVisualizerType, path: PathBuf) -> Self {
+        DebuggerVisualizerFile { src, visualizer_type, path: Some(path) }
+    }
+
+    pub fn path_erased(&self) -> Self {
+        DebuggerVisualizerFile {
+            src: self.src.clone(),
+            visualizer_type: self.visualizer_type,
+            path: None,
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/lang_items.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/lang_items.rs
index 343ea1f00f5..9a633e04ce7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/lang_items.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/lang_items.rs
@@ -18,12 +18,8 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
     /// Returns the `DefId` for a given `LangItem`.
     /// If not found, fatally aborts compilation.
     pub fn require_lang_item(self, lang_item: LangItem, span: Option<Span>) -> DefId {
-        self.lang_items().require(lang_item).unwrap_or_else(|err| {
-            if let Some(span) = span {
-                self.sess.span_fatal(span, err.to_string())
-            } else {
-                self.sess.fatal(err.to_string())
-            }
+        self.lang_items().get(lang_item).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+            self.sess.emit_fatal(crate::error::RequiresLangItem { span, name: lang_item.name() });
         })
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/limits.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/limits.rs
index 12aef66bcf9..d4f023958d6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/limits.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/limits.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 //! Registering limits:
 //! * recursion_limit,
-//! * move_size_limit,
-//! * type_length_limit, and
-//! * const_eval_limit
+//! * move_size_limit, and
+//! * type_length_limit
 //!
 //! There are various parts of the compiler that must impose arbitrary limits
 //! on how deeply they recurse to prevent stack overflow. Users can override
@@ -11,7 +10,7 @@
 
 use crate::bug;
 use crate::error::LimitInvalid;
-use crate::ty;
+use crate::query::Providers;
 use rustc_ast::Attribute;
 use rustc_session::Session;
 use rustc_session::{Limit, Limits};
@@ -19,7 +18,7 @@ use rustc_span::symbol::{sym, Symbol};
 
 use std::num::IntErrorKind;
 
-pub fn provide(providers: &mut ty::query::Providers) {
+pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
     providers.limits = |tcx, ()| Limits {
         recursion_limit: get_recursion_limit(tcx.hir().krate_attrs(), tcx.sess),
         move_size_limit: get_limit(
@@ -34,12 +33,6 @@ pub fn provide(providers: &mut ty::query::Providers) {
             sym::type_length_limit,
             1048576,
         ),
-        const_eval_limit: get_limit(
-            tcx.hir().krate_attrs(),
-            tcx.sess,
-            sym::const_eval_limit,
-            2_000_000,
-        ),
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/mod.rs
index 9c25f3009ba..85c5af9ca13 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/mod.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 pub mod codegen_fn_attrs;
+pub mod debugger_visualizer;
 pub mod dependency_format;
 pub mod exported_symbols;
 pub mod lang_items;
@@ -32,6 +33,6 @@ pub mod region;
 pub mod resolve_bound_vars;
 pub mod stability;
 
-pub fn provide(providers: &mut crate::ty::query::Providers) {
+pub fn provide(providers: &mut crate::query::Providers) {
     limits::provide(providers);
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/privacy.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/privacy.rs
index 967fed687b6..f45cf788dd9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/privacy.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/privacy.rs
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ impl EffectiveVisibility {
         self.at_level(level).is_public()
     }
 
-    pub fn from_vis(vis: Visibility) -> EffectiveVisibility {
+    pub const fn from_vis(vis: Visibility) -> EffectiveVisibility {
         EffectiveVisibility {
             direct: vis,
             reexported: vis,
@@ -72,6 +72,18 @@ impl EffectiveVisibility {
             reachable_through_impl_trait: vis,
         }
     }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn min(mut self, lhs: EffectiveVisibility, tcx: TyCtxt<'_>) -> Self {
+        for l in Level::all_levels() {
+            let rhs_vis = self.at_level_mut(l);
+            let lhs_vis = *lhs.at_level(l);
+            if rhs_vis.is_at_least(lhs_vis, tcx) {
+                *rhs_vis = lhs_vis;
+            };
+        }
+        self
+    }
 }
 
 /// Holds a map of effective visibilities for reachable HIR nodes.
@@ -82,8 +94,7 @@ pub struct EffectiveVisibilities<Id = LocalDefId> {
 
 impl EffectiveVisibilities {
     pub fn is_public_at_level(&self, id: LocalDefId, level: Level) -> bool {
-        self.effective_vis(id)
-            .map_or(false, |effective_vis| effective_vis.is_public_at_level(level))
+        self.effective_vis(id).is_some_and(|effective_vis| effective_vis.is_public_at_level(level))
     }
 
     /// See `Level::Reachable`.
@@ -137,24 +148,6 @@ impl EffectiveVisibilities {
         };
     }
 
-    pub fn set_public_at_level(
-        &mut self,
-        id: LocalDefId,
-        lazy_private_vis: impl FnOnce() -> Visibility,
-        level: Level,
-    ) {
-        let mut effective_vis = self
-            .effective_vis(id)
-            .copied()
-            .unwrap_or_else(|| EffectiveVisibility::from_vis(lazy_private_vis()));
-        for l in Level::all_levels() {
-            if l <= level {
-                *effective_vis.at_level_mut(l) = Visibility::Public;
-            }
-        }
-        self.map.insert(id, effective_vis);
-    }
-
     pub fn check_invariants(&self, tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, early: bool) {
         if !cfg!(debug_assertions) {
             return;
@@ -219,7 +212,7 @@ impl<Id: Eq + Hash> EffectiveVisibilities<Id> {
     pub fn update(
         &mut self,
         id: Id,
-        nominal_vis: Visibility,
+        nominal_vis: Option<Visibility>,
         lazy_private_vis: impl FnOnce() -> Visibility,
         inherited_effective_vis: EffectiveVisibility,
         level: Level,
@@ -243,12 +236,11 @@ impl<Id: Eq + Hash> EffectiveVisibilities<Id> {
                 if !(inherited_effective_vis_at_prev_level == inherited_effective_vis_at_level
                     && level != l)
                 {
-                    calculated_effective_vis =
-                        if nominal_vis.is_at_least(inherited_effective_vis_at_level, tcx) {
-                            inherited_effective_vis_at_level
-                        } else {
-                            nominal_vis
-                        };
+                    calculated_effective_vis = if let Some(nominal_vis) = nominal_vis && !nominal_vis.is_at_least(inherited_effective_vis_at_level, tcx) {
+                        nominal_vis
+                    } else {
+                        inherited_effective_vis_at_level
+                    }
                 }
                 // effective visibility can't be decreased at next update call for the
                 // same id
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/stability.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/stability.rs
index 89fc864319d..60844c17e47 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/stability.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/stability.rs
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ pub fn report_unstable(
     suggestion: Option<(Span, String, String, Applicability)>,
     is_soft: bool,
     span: Span,
-    soft_handler: impl FnOnce(&'static Lint, Span, &str),
+    soft_handler: impl FnOnce(&'static Lint, Span, String),
 ) {
     let msg = match reason {
         Some(r) => format!("use of unstable library feature '{}': {}", feature, r),
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ pub fn report_unstable(
     };
 
     if is_soft {
-        soft_handler(SOFT_UNSTABLE, span, &msg)
+        soft_handler(SOFT_UNSTABLE, span, msg)
     } else {
         let mut err =
             feature_err_issue(&sess.parse_sess, feature, span, GateIssue::Library(issue), msg);
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ pub fn deprecation_message_and_lint(
 
 pub fn early_report_deprecation(
     lint_buffer: &mut LintBuffer,
-    message: &str,
+    message: String,
     suggestion: Option<Symbol>,
     lint: &'static Lint,
     span: Span,
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ pub fn early_report_deprecation(
 
 fn late_report_deprecation(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'_>,
-    message: &str,
+    message: String,
     suggestion: Option<Symbol>,
     lint: &'static Lint,
     span: Span,
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
                 let parent_def_id = self.hir().get_parent_item(id);
                 let skip = self
                     .lookup_deprecation_entry(parent_def_id.to_def_id())
-                    .map_or(false, |parent_depr| parent_depr.same_origin(&depr_entry));
+                    .is_some_and(|parent_depr| parent_depr.same_origin(&depr_entry));
 
                 // #[deprecated] doesn't emit a notice if we're not on the
                 // topmost deprecation. For example, if a struct is deprecated,
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
 
                         late_report_deprecation(
                             self,
-                            &deprecation_message(
+                            deprecation_message(
                                 is_in_effect,
                                 depr_attr.since,
                                 depr_attr.note,
@@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
         allow_unstable: AllowUnstable,
         unmarked: impl FnOnce(Span, DefId),
     ) -> bool {
-        let soft_handler = |lint, span, msg: &_| {
+        let soft_handler = |lint, span, msg: String| {
             self.struct_span_lint_hir(lint, id.unwrap_or(hir::CRATE_HIR_ID), span, msg, |lint| lint)
         };
         let eval_result =
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/basic_blocks.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/basic_blocks.rs
index 1319ddbb877..9d70dbfa072 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/basic_blocks.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/basic_blocks.rs
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ struct Cache {
     switch_sources: OnceCell<SwitchSources>,
     is_cyclic: OnceCell<bool>,
     postorder: OnceCell<Vec<BasicBlock>>,
+    dominators: OnceCell<Dominators<BasicBlock>>,
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> BasicBlocks<'tcx> {
@@ -41,8 +42,8 @@ impl<'tcx> BasicBlocks<'tcx> {
         *self.cache.is_cyclic.get_or_init(|| graph::is_cyclic(self))
     }
 
-    pub fn dominators(&self) -> Dominators<BasicBlock> {
-        dominators(&self)
+    pub fn dominators(&self) -> &Dominators<BasicBlock> {
+        self.cache.dominators.get_or_init(|| dominators(self))
     }
 
     /// Returns predecessors for each basic block.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/error.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/error.rs
index e45284ca506..357bcca4419 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/error.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/error.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 use super::{AllocId, AllocRange, ConstAlloc, Pointer, Scalar};
 
 use crate::mir::interpret::ConstValue;
-use crate::ty::{layout, query::TyCtxtAt, tls, Ty, ValTree};
+use crate::query::TyCtxtAt;
+use crate::ty::{layout, tls, Ty, ValTree};
 
 use rustc_data_structures::sync::Lock;
 use rustc_errors::{pluralize, struct_span_err, DiagnosticBuilder, ErrorGuaranteed};
@@ -15,15 +16,49 @@ use std::{any::Any, backtrace::Backtrace, fmt};
 pub enum ErrorHandled {
     /// Already reported an error for this evaluation, and the compilation is
     /// *guaranteed* to fail. Warnings/lints *must not* produce `Reported`.
-    Reported(ErrorGuaranteed),
+    Reported(ReportedErrorInfo),
     /// Don't emit an error, the evaluation failed because the MIR was generic
     /// and the substs didn't fully monomorphize it.
     TooGeneric,
 }
 
 impl From<ErrorGuaranteed> for ErrorHandled {
-    fn from(err: ErrorGuaranteed) -> ErrorHandled {
-        ErrorHandled::Reported(err)
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(error: ErrorGuaranteed) -> ErrorHandled {
+        ErrorHandled::Reported(error.into())
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, HashStable, TyEncodable, TyDecodable)]
+pub struct ReportedErrorInfo {
+    error: ErrorGuaranteed,
+    is_tainted_by_errors: bool,
+}
+
+impl ReportedErrorInfo {
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn tainted_by_errors(error: ErrorGuaranteed) -> ReportedErrorInfo {
+        ReportedErrorInfo { is_tainted_by_errors: true, error }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if evaluation failed because MIR was tainted by errors.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn is_tainted_by_errors(self) -> bool {
+        self.is_tainted_by_errors
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<ErrorGuaranteed> for ReportedErrorInfo {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(error: ErrorGuaranteed) -> ReportedErrorInfo {
+        ReportedErrorInfo { is_tainted_by_errors: false, error }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Into<ErrorGuaranteed> for ReportedErrorInfo {
+    #[inline]
+    fn into(self) -> ErrorGuaranteed {
+        self.error
     }
 }
 
@@ -89,7 +124,7 @@ fn print_backtrace(backtrace: &Backtrace) {
 
 impl From<ErrorGuaranteed> for InterpErrorInfo<'_> {
     fn from(err: ErrorGuaranteed) -> Self {
-        InterpError::InvalidProgram(InvalidProgramInfo::AlreadyReported(err)).into()
+        InterpError::InvalidProgram(InvalidProgramInfo::AlreadyReported(err.into())).into()
     }
 }
 
@@ -125,7 +160,7 @@ pub enum InvalidProgramInfo<'tcx> {
     /// Resolution can fail if we are in a too generic context.
     TooGeneric,
     /// Abort in case errors are already reported.
-    AlreadyReported(ErrorGuaranteed),
+    AlreadyReported(ReportedErrorInfo),
     /// An error occurred during layout computation.
     Layout(layout::LayoutError<'tcx>),
     /// An error occurred during FnAbi computation: the passed --target lacks FFI support
@@ -144,7 +179,7 @@ impl fmt::Display for InvalidProgramInfo<'_> {
         use InvalidProgramInfo::*;
         match self {
             TooGeneric => write!(f, "encountered overly generic constant"),
-            AlreadyReported(ErrorGuaranteed { .. }) => {
+            AlreadyReported(_) => {
                 write!(
                     f,
                     "an error has already been reported elsewhere (this should not usually be printed)"
@@ -430,10 +465,6 @@ impl fmt::Display for UnsupportedOpInfo {
 pub enum ResourceExhaustionInfo {
     /// The stack grew too big.
     StackFrameLimitReached,
-    /// The program ran for too long.
-    ///
-    /// The exact limit is set by the `const_eval_limit` attribute.
-    StepLimitReached,
     /// There is not enough memory (on the host) to perform an allocation.
     MemoryExhausted,
     /// The address space (of the target) is full.
@@ -447,9 +478,6 @@ impl fmt::Display for ResourceExhaustionInfo {
             StackFrameLimitReached => {
                 write!(f, "reached the configured maximum number of stack frames")
             }
-            StepLimitReached => {
-                write!(f, "exceeded interpreter step limit (see `#[const_eval_limit]`)")
-            }
             MemoryExhausted => {
                 write!(f, "tried to allocate more memory than available to compiler")
             }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/mod.rs
index e5a9766c84d..3620385fab1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/mod.rs
@@ -120,8 +120,8 @@ use crate::ty::{self, Instance, Ty, TyCtxt};
 pub use self::error::{
     struct_error, CheckInAllocMsg, ErrorHandled, EvalToAllocationRawResult, EvalToConstValueResult,
     EvalToValTreeResult, InterpError, InterpErrorInfo, InterpResult, InvalidProgramInfo,
-    MachineStopType, ResourceExhaustionInfo, ScalarSizeMismatch, UndefinedBehaviorInfo,
-    UninitBytesAccess, UnsupportedOpInfo,
+    MachineStopType, ReportedErrorInfo, ResourceExhaustionInfo, ScalarSizeMismatch,
+    UndefinedBehaviorInfo, UninitBytesAccess, UnsupportedOpInfo,
 };
 
 pub use self::value::{get_slice_bytes, ConstAlloc, ConstValue, Scalar};
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/queries.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/queries.rs
index ed4ee93e97d..f53dc8cb0ec 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/queries.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/queries.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 use super::{ErrorHandled, EvalToConstValueResult, EvalToValTreeResult, GlobalId};
 
 use crate::mir;
+use crate::query::{TyCtxtAt, TyCtxtEnsure};
 use crate::ty::subst::InternalSubsts;
 use crate::ty::visit::TypeVisitableExt;
-use crate::ty::{self, query::TyCtxtAt, query::TyCtxtEnsure, TyCtxt};
+use crate::ty::{self, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_hir::def::DefKind;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc_session::lint;
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
                 self.const_eval_global_id(param_env, cid, span)
             }
             Ok(None) => Err(ErrorHandled::TooGeneric),
-            Err(error_reported) => Err(ErrorHandled::Reported(error_reported)),
+            Err(err) => Err(ErrorHandled::Reported(err.into())),
         }
     }
 
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
                 })
             }
             Ok(None) => Err(ErrorHandled::TooGeneric),
-            Err(error_reported) => Err(ErrorHandled::Reported(error_reported)),
+            Err(err) => Err(ErrorHandled::Reported(err.into())),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/mod.rs
index 55991facd89..5c27bdec575 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/mod.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 //! [rustc dev guide]: https://rustc-dev-guide.rust-lang.org/mir/index.html
 
 use crate::mir::interpret::{
-    AllocRange, ConstAllocation, ConstValue, ErrorHandled, GlobalAlloc, LitToConstInput, Scalar,
+    AllocRange, ConstAllocation, ConstValue, ErrorHandled, GlobalAlloc, Scalar,
 };
 use crate::mir::visit::MirVisitable;
 use crate::ty::codec::{TyDecoder, TyEncoder};
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ impl<'tcx> HasLocalDecls<'tcx> for Body<'tcx> {
 /// pass will be named after the type, and it will consist of a main
 /// loop that goes over each available MIR and applies `run_pass`.
 pub trait MirPass<'tcx> {
-    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+    fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
         let name = std::any::type_name::<Self>();
         if let Some((_, tail)) = name.rsplit_once(':') { tail } else { name }
     }
@@ -476,7 +476,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Body<'tcx> {
     /// Returns the return type; it always return first element from `local_decls` array.
     #[inline]
     pub fn bound_return_ty(&self) -> ty::EarlyBinder<Ty<'tcx>> {
-        ty::EarlyBinder(self.local_decls[RETURN_PLACE].ty)
+        ty::EarlyBinder::bind(self.local_decls[RETURN_PLACE].ty)
     }
 
     /// Gets the location of the terminator for the given block.
@@ -1111,6 +1111,10 @@ pub struct VarDebugInfo<'tcx> {
     /// originated from (starting from 1). Note, if MIR inlining is enabled, then this is the
     /// argument number in the original function before it was inlined.
     pub argument_index: Option<u16>,
+
+    /// The data represents `name` dereferenced `references` times,
+    /// and not the direct value.
+    pub references: u8,
 }
 
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -1550,8 +1554,11 @@ impl<V, T> ProjectionElem<V, T> {
     /// Returns `true` if this is accepted inside `VarDebugInfoContents::Place`.
     pub fn can_use_in_debuginfo(&self) -> bool {
         match self {
-            Self::Deref | Self::Downcast(_, _) | Self::Field(_, _) => true,
-            Self::ConstantIndex { .. }
+            Self::ConstantIndex { from_end: false, .. }
+            | Self::Deref
+            | Self::Downcast(_, _)
+            | Self::Field(_, _) => true,
+            Self::ConstantIndex { from_end: true, .. }
             | Self::Index(_)
             | Self::OpaqueCast(_)
             | Self::Subslice { .. } => false,
@@ -1639,18 +1646,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Place<'tcx> {
             return self;
         }
 
-        let mut v: Vec<PlaceElem<'tcx>>;
-
-        let new_projections = if self.projection.is_empty() {
-            more_projections
-        } else {
-            v = Vec::with_capacity(self.projection.len() + more_projections.len());
-            v.extend(self.projection);
-            v.extend(more_projections);
-            &v
-        };
-
-        Place { local: self.local, projection: tcx.mk_place_elems(new_projections) }
+        self.as_ref().project_deeper(more_projections, tcx)
     }
 }
 
@@ -1721,6 +1717,27 @@ impl<'tcx> PlaceRef<'tcx> {
             (base, *proj)
         })
     }
+
+    /// Generates a new place by appending `more_projections` to the existing ones
+    /// and interning the result.
+    pub fn project_deeper(
+        self,
+        more_projections: &[PlaceElem<'tcx>],
+        tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+    ) -> Place<'tcx> {
+        let mut v: Vec<PlaceElem<'tcx>>;
+
+        let new_projections = if self.projection.is_empty() {
+            more_projections
+        } else {
+            v = Vec::with_capacity(self.projection.len() + more_projections.len());
+            v.extend(self.projection);
+            v.extend(more_projections);
+            &v
+        };
+
+        Place { local: self.local, projection: tcx.mk_place_elems(new_projections) }
+    }
 }
 
 impl Debug for Place<'_> {
@@ -2313,7 +2330,7 @@ impl<'tcx> ConstantKind<'tcx> {
                 if let Some(val) = c.kind().try_eval_for_mir(tcx, param_env) {
                     match val {
                         Ok(val) => Self::Val(val, c.ty()),
-                        Err(_) => Self::Ty(tcx.const_error(self.ty())),
+                        Err(guar) => Self::Ty(tcx.const_error(self.ty(), guar)),
                     }
                 } else {
                     self
@@ -2325,9 +2342,7 @@ impl<'tcx> ConstantKind<'tcx> {
                 match tcx.const_eval_resolve(param_env, uneval, None) {
                     Ok(val) => Self::Val(val, ty),
                     Err(ErrorHandled::TooGeneric) => self,
-                    Err(ErrorHandled::Reported(guar)) => {
-                        Self::Ty(tcx.const_error_with_guaranteed(ty, guar))
-                    }
+                    Err(ErrorHandled::Reported(guar)) => Self::Ty(tcx.const_error(ty, guar.into())),
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -2446,51 +2461,6 @@ impl<'tcx> ConstantKind<'tcx> {
         Self::Val(val, ty)
     }
 
-    #[instrument(skip(tcx), level = "debug", ret)]
-    pub fn from_inline_const(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, def_id: LocalDefId) -> Self {
-        let hir_id = tcx.hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(def_id);
-        let body_id = match tcx.hir().get(hir_id) {
-            hir::Node::AnonConst(ac) => ac.body,
-            _ => span_bug!(
-                tcx.def_span(def_id.to_def_id()),
-                "from_inline_const can only process anonymous constants"
-            ),
-        };
-        let expr = &tcx.hir().body(body_id).value;
-        let ty = tcx.typeck(def_id).node_type(hir_id);
-
-        let lit_input = match expr.kind {
-            hir::ExprKind::Lit(ref lit) => Some(LitToConstInput { lit: &lit.node, ty, neg: false }),
-            hir::ExprKind::Unary(hir::UnOp::Neg, ref expr) => match expr.kind {
-                hir::ExprKind::Lit(ref lit) => {
-                    Some(LitToConstInput { lit: &lit.node, ty, neg: true })
-                }
-                _ => None,
-            },
-            _ => None,
-        };
-        if let Some(lit_input) = lit_input {
-            // If an error occurred, ignore that it's a literal and leave reporting the error up to
-            // mir.
-            match tcx.at(expr.span).lit_to_mir_constant(lit_input) {
-                Ok(c) => return c,
-                Err(_) => {}
-            }
-        }
-
-        let typeck_root_def_id = tcx.typeck_root_def_id(def_id.to_def_id());
-        let parent_substs =
-            tcx.erase_regions(InternalSubsts::identity_for_item(tcx, typeck_root_def_id));
-        let substs =
-            ty::InlineConstSubsts::new(tcx, ty::InlineConstSubstsParts { parent_substs, ty })
-                .substs;
-
-        let uneval = UnevaluatedConst { def: def_id.to_def_id(), substs, promoted: None };
-        debug_assert!(!uneval.has_free_regions());
-
-        Self::Unevaluated(uneval, ty)
-    }
-
     /// Literals are converted to `ConstantKindVal`, const generic parameters are eagerly
     /// converted to a constant, everything else becomes `Unevaluated`.
     #[instrument(skip(tcx), level = "debug", ret)]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/mono.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/mono.rs
index ff54ec56a29..f31b343c947 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/mono.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/mono.rs
@@ -334,10 +334,7 @@ impl<'tcx> CodegenUnit<'tcx> {
     }
 
     pub fn modify_size_estimate(&mut self, delta: usize) {
-        assert!(self.size_estimate.is_some());
-        if let Some(size_estimate) = self.size_estimate {
-            self.size_estimate = Some(size_estimate + delta);
-        }
+        *self.size_estimate.as_mut().unwrap() += delta;
     }
 
     pub fn contains_item(&self, item: &MonoItem<'tcx>) -> bool {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/pretty.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/pretty.rs
index fa8a339631e..62c3d8cf239 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/pretty.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/pretty.rs
@@ -551,8 +551,13 @@ fn write_scope_tree(
         }
 
         let indented_debug_info = format!(
-            "{0:1$}debug {2} => {3:?};",
-            INDENT, indent, var_debug_info.name, var_debug_info.value,
+            "{0:1$}debug {2} => {3:&<4$}{5:?};",
+            INDENT,
+            indent,
+            var_debug_info.name,
+            "",
+            var_debug_info.references as usize,
+            var_debug_info.value,
         );
 
         writeln!(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/query.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/query.rs
index 53fd2dd23a7..a15c419da7a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/query.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/query.rs
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ impl<'tcx> ClosureOutlivesSubjectTy<'tcx> {
             ty::ReVar(vid) => {
                 let br =
                     ty::BoundRegion { var: ty::BoundVar::new(vid.index()), kind: ty::BrAnon(None) };
-                tcx.mk_re_late_bound(depth, br)
+                ty::Region::new_late_bound(tcx, depth, br)
             }
             _ => bug!("unexpected region in ClosureOutlivesSubjectTy: {r:?}"),
         });
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/syntax.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/syntax.rs
index 33b7fe0c2dc..3e474c1d377 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/syntax.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/syntax.rs
@@ -220,6 +220,11 @@ pub enum BorrowKind {
     /// immutable, but not aliasable. This solves the problem. For
     /// simplicity, we don't give users the way to express this
     /// borrow, it's just used when translating closures.
+    ///
+    // FIXME(#112072): This is wrong. Unique borrows are mutable borrows except
+    // that they do not require their pointee to be marked as a mutable.
+    // They should still be treated as mutable borrows in every other way,
+    // e.g. for variance or overlap checking.
     Unique,
 
     /// Data is mutable and not aliasable.
@@ -603,7 +608,11 @@ pub enum TerminatorKind<'tcx> {
     /// > The drop glue is executed if, among all statements executed within this `Body`, an assignment to
     /// > the place or one of its "parents" occurred more recently than a move out of it. This does not
     /// > consider indirect assignments.
-    Drop { place: Place<'tcx>, target: BasicBlock, unwind: UnwindAction },
+    ///
+    /// The `replace` flag indicates whether this terminator was created as part of an assignment.
+    /// This should only be used for diagnostic purposes, and does not have any operational
+    /// meaning.
+    Drop { place: Place<'tcx>, target: BasicBlock, unwind: UnwindAction, replace: bool },
 
     /// Roughly speaking, evaluates the `func` operand and the arguments, and starts execution of
     /// the referred to function. The operand types must match the argument types of the function.
@@ -749,6 +758,29 @@ pub enum TerminatorKind<'tcx> {
     },
 }
 
+impl TerminatorKind<'_> {
+    /// Returns a simple string representation of a `TerminatorKind` variant, independent of any
+    /// values it might hold (e.g. `TerminatorKind::Call` always returns `"Call"`).
+    pub const fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            TerminatorKind::Goto { .. } => "Goto",
+            TerminatorKind::SwitchInt { .. } => "SwitchInt",
+            TerminatorKind::Resume => "Resume",
+            TerminatorKind::Terminate => "Terminate",
+            TerminatorKind::Return => "Return",
+            TerminatorKind::Unreachable => "Unreachable",
+            TerminatorKind::Drop { .. } => "Drop",
+            TerminatorKind::Call { .. } => "Call",
+            TerminatorKind::Assert { .. } => "Assert",
+            TerminatorKind::Yield { .. } => "Yield",
+            TerminatorKind::GeneratorDrop => "GeneratorDrop",
+            TerminatorKind::FalseEdge { .. } => "FalseEdge",
+            TerminatorKind::FalseUnwind { .. } => "FalseUnwind",
+            TerminatorKind::InlineAsm { .. } => "InlineAsm",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// Action to be taken when a stack unwind happens.
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, TyEncodable, TyDecodable, Hash, HashStable)]
 #[derive(TypeFoldable, TypeVisitable)]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/terminator.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/terminator.rs
index 2c6126cdd29..561ef371b09 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/terminator.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/terminator.rs
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ pub struct Terminator<'tcx> {
     pub kind: TerminatorKind<'tcx>,
 }
 
-pub type Successors<'a> = impl Iterator<Item = BasicBlock> + 'a;
+pub type Successors<'a> = impl DoubleEndedIterator<Item = BasicBlock> + 'a;
 pub type SuccessorsMut<'a> =
     iter::Chain<std::option::IntoIter<&'a mut BasicBlock>, slice::IterMut<'a, BasicBlock>>;
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/traversal.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/traversal.rs
index 7d247eeb656..99ead14139a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/traversal.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/traversal.rs
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Postorder<'a, 'tcx> {
         //      B     C
         //      |     |
         //      |     |
-        //      D     |
+        //      |     D
         //       \   /
         //        \ /
         //         E
@@ -159,26 +159,26 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Postorder<'a, 'tcx> {
         //
         // When the first call to `traverse_successor` happens, the following happens:
         //
-        //     [(B, [D]),  // `B` taken from the successors of `A`, pushed to the
-        //                 // top of the stack along with the successors of `B`
-        //      (A, [C])]
+        //     [(C, [D]),  // `C` taken from the successors of `A`, pushed to the
+        //                 // top of the stack along with the successors of `C`
+        //      (A, [B])]
         //
-        //     [(D, [E]),  // `D` taken from successors of `B`, pushed to stack
-        //      (B, []),
-        //      (A, [C])]
+        //     [(D, [E]),  // `D` taken from successors of `C`, pushed to stack
+        //      (C, []),
+        //      (A, [B])]
         //
         //     [(E, []),   // `E` taken from successors of `D`, pushed to stack
         //      (D, []),
-        //      (B, []),
-        //      (A, [C])]
+        //      (C, []),
+        //      (A, [B])]
         //
         // Now that the top of the stack has no successors we can traverse, each item will
-        // be popped off during iteration until we get back to `A`. This yields [E, D, B].
+        // be popped off during iteration until we get back to `A`. This yields [E, D, C].
         //
-        // When we yield `B` and call `traverse_successor`, we push `C` to the stack, but
+        // When we yield `C` and call `traverse_successor`, we push `B` to the stack, but
         // since we've already visited `E`, that child isn't added to the stack. The last
-        // two iterations yield `C` and finally `A` for a final traversal of [E, D, B, C, A]
-        while let Some(&mut (_, ref mut iter)) = self.visit_stack.last_mut() && let Some(bb) = iter.next() {
+        // two iterations yield `B` and finally `A` for a final traversal of [E, D, C, B, A]
+        while let Some(&mut (_, ref mut iter)) = self.visit_stack.last_mut() && let Some(bb) = iter.next_back() {
             if self.visited.insert(bb) {
                 if let Some(term) = &self.basic_blocks[bb].terminator {
                     self.visit_stack.push((bb, term.successors()));
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/visit.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/visit.rs
index 6718605ed0b..8d44e929afd 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/visit.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/visit.rs
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
 
 use crate::mir::*;
 use crate::ty::subst::SubstsRef;
-use crate::ty::{CanonicalUserTypeAnnotation, Ty};
+use crate::ty::{self, CanonicalUserTypeAnnotation, Ty};
 use rustc_span::Span;
 
 macro_rules! make_mir_visitor {
@@ -504,6 +504,7 @@ macro_rules! make_mir_visitor {
                         place,
                         target: _,
                         unwind: _,
+                        replace: _,
                     } => {
                         self.visit_place(
                             place,
@@ -649,8 +650,8 @@ macro_rules! make_mir_visitor {
                             BorrowKind::Shallow => PlaceContext::NonMutatingUse(
                                 NonMutatingUseContext::ShallowBorrow
                             ),
-                            BorrowKind::Unique => PlaceContext::NonMutatingUse(
-                                NonMutatingUseContext::UniqueBorrow
+                            BorrowKind::Unique => PlaceContext::MutatingUse(
+                                MutatingUseContext::Borrow
                             ),
                             BorrowKind::Mut { .. } =>
                                 PlaceContext::MutatingUse(MutatingUseContext::Borrow),
@@ -782,12 +783,12 @@ macro_rules! make_mir_visitor {
 
             fn super_ascribe_user_ty(&mut self,
                                      place: & $($mutability)? Place<'tcx>,
-                                     _variance: $(& $mutability)? ty::Variance,
+                                     variance: $(& $mutability)? ty::Variance,
                                      user_ty: & $($mutability)? UserTypeProjection,
                                      location: Location) {
                 self.visit_place(
                     place,
-                    PlaceContext::NonUse(NonUseContext::AscribeUserTy),
+                    PlaceContext::NonUse(NonUseContext::AscribeUserTy($(* &$mutability *)? variance)),
                     location
                 );
                 self.visit_user_type_projection(user_ty);
@@ -842,6 +843,7 @@ macro_rules! make_mir_visitor {
                     source_info,
                     value,
                     argument_index: _,
+                    references: _,
                 } = var_debug_info;
 
                 self.visit_source_info(source_info);
@@ -880,12 +882,11 @@ macro_rules! make_mir_visitor {
             ) {
                 let Constant {
                     span,
-                    user_ty,
+                    user_ty: _, // no visit method for this
                     literal,
                 } = constant;
 
                 self.visit_span($(& $mutability)? *span);
-                drop(user_ty); // no visit method for this
                 match literal {
                     ConstantKind::Ty(ct) => self.visit_ty_const($(&$mutability)? *ct, location),
                     ConstantKind::Val(_, ty) => self.visit_ty($(& $mutability)? *ty, TyContext::Location(location)),
@@ -1264,8 +1265,6 @@ pub enum NonMutatingUseContext {
     SharedBorrow,
     /// Shallow borrow.
     ShallowBorrow,
-    /// Unique borrow.
-    UniqueBorrow,
     /// AddressOf for *const pointer.
     AddressOf,
     /// PlaceMention statement.
@@ -1320,7 +1319,7 @@ pub enum NonUseContext {
     /// Ending a storage live range.
     StorageDead,
     /// User type annotation assertions for NLL.
-    AscribeUserTy,
+    AscribeUserTy(ty::Variance),
     /// The data of a user variable, for debug info.
     VarDebugInfo,
 }
@@ -1344,9 +1343,7 @@ impl PlaceContext {
         matches!(
             self,
             PlaceContext::NonMutatingUse(
-                NonMutatingUseContext::SharedBorrow
-                    | NonMutatingUseContext::ShallowBorrow
-                    | NonMutatingUseContext::UniqueBorrow
+                NonMutatingUseContext::SharedBorrow | NonMutatingUseContext::ShallowBorrow
             ) | PlaceContext::MutatingUse(MutatingUseContext::Borrow)
         )
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/erase.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/erase.rs
index 28a9c1eef1a..fd02a16130f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/erase.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/erase.rs
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ pub fn erase<T: EraseType>(src: T) -> Erase<T> {
     };
 
     Erased::<<T as EraseType>::Result> {
-        // SAFETY: Is it safe to transmute to MaybeUninit for types with the same sizes.
+        // SAFETY: It is safe to transmute to MaybeUninit for types with the same sizes.
         data: unsafe { transmute_copy(&src) },
     }
 }
@@ -172,6 +172,10 @@ impl EraseType for ty::Binder<'_, ty::FnSig<'_>> {
     type Result = [u8; size_of::<ty::Binder<'static, ty::FnSig<'static>>>()];
 }
 
+impl EraseType for ty::Binder<'_, &'_ ty::List<Ty<'_>>> {
+    type Result = [u8; size_of::<ty::Binder<'static, &'static ty::List<Ty<'static>>>>()];
+}
+
 impl<T0, T1> EraseType for (&'_ T0, &'_ T1) {
     type Result = [u8; size_of::<(&'static (), &'static ())>()];
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs
index 9fad2816b0d..0b31c9bbf81 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs
@@ -4,13 +4,98 @@
 //! ["Queries: demand-driven compilation"](https://rustc-dev-guide.rust-lang.org/query.html).
 //! This chapter includes instructions for adding new queries.
 
-use crate::ty::{self, print::describe_as_module, TyCtxt};
+#![allow(unused_parens)]
+
+use crate::dep_graph;
+use crate::dep_graph::DepKind;
+use crate::infer::canonical::{self, Canonical};
+use crate::lint::LintExpectation;
+use crate::metadata::ModChild;
+use crate::middle::codegen_fn_attrs::CodegenFnAttrs;
+use crate::middle::debugger_visualizer::DebuggerVisualizerFile;
+use crate::middle::exported_symbols::{ExportedSymbol, SymbolExportInfo};
+use crate::middle::lib_features::LibFeatures;
+use crate::middle::privacy::EffectiveVisibilities;
+use crate::middle::resolve_bound_vars::{ObjectLifetimeDefault, ResolveBoundVars, ResolvedArg};
+use crate::middle::stability::{self, DeprecationEntry};
+use crate::mir;
+use crate::mir::interpret::GlobalId;
+use crate::mir::interpret::{
+    ConstValue, EvalToAllocationRawResult, EvalToConstValueResult, EvalToValTreeResult,
+};
+use crate::mir::interpret::{LitToConstError, LitToConstInput};
+use crate::mir::mono::CodegenUnit;
+use crate::query::erase::{erase, restore, Erase};
+use crate::query::plumbing::{query_ensure, query_get_at, DynamicQuery};
+use crate::thir;
+use crate::traits::query::{
+    CanonicalPredicateGoal, CanonicalProjectionGoal, CanonicalTyGoal,
+    CanonicalTypeOpAscribeUserTypeGoal, CanonicalTypeOpEqGoal, CanonicalTypeOpNormalizeGoal,
+    CanonicalTypeOpProvePredicateGoal, CanonicalTypeOpSubtypeGoal, NoSolution,
+};
+use crate::traits::query::{
+    DropckConstraint, DropckOutlivesResult, MethodAutoderefStepsResult, NormalizationResult,
+    OutlivesBound,
+};
+use crate::traits::specialization_graph;
+use crate::traits::{
+    CanonicalChalkEnvironmentAndGoal, CodegenObligationError, EvaluationResult, ImplSource,
+    ObjectSafetyViolation, ObligationCause, OverflowError, WellFormedLoc,
+};
+use crate::ty::fast_reject::SimplifiedType;
+use crate::ty::layout::ValidityRequirement;
+use crate::ty::subst::{GenericArg, SubstsRef};
+use crate::ty::util::AlwaysRequiresDrop;
+use crate::ty::GeneratorDiagnosticData;
+use crate::ty::TyCtxtFeed;
+use crate::ty::{
+    self, print::describe_as_module, CrateInherentImpls, ParamEnvAnd, Ty, TyCtxt,
+    UnusedGenericParams,
+};
+use rustc_arena::TypedArena;
+use rustc_ast as ast;
+use rustc_ast::expand::allocator::AllocatorKind;
+use rustc_attr as attr;
+use rustc_data_structures::fingerprint::Fingerprint;
+use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashMap, FxIndexMap, FxIndexSet};
+use rustc_data_structures::steal::Steal;
+use rustc_data_structures::svh::Svh;
+use rustc_data_structures::sync::Lrc;
+use rustc_data_structures::sync::WorkerLocal;
+use rustc_data_structures::unord::UnordSet;
+use rustc_errors::ErrorGuaranteed;
+use rustc_hir as hir;
+use rustc_hir::def::{DefKind, DocLinkResMap};
+use rustc_hir::def_id::{
+    CrateNum, DefId, DefIdMap, DefIdSet, LocalDefId, LocalDefIdMap, LocalDefIdSet,
+};
+use rustc_hir::lang_items::{LangItem, LanguageItems};
+use rustc_hir::{Crate, ItemLocalId, TraitCandidate};
+use rustc_index::IndexVec;
+use rustc_query_system::ich::StableHashingContext;
+use rustc_query_system::query::{try_get_cached, CacheSelector, QueryCache, QueryMode, QueryState};
+use rustc_session::config::{EntryFnType, OptLevel, OutputFilenames, SymbolManglingVersion};
+use rustc_session::cstore::{CrateDepKind, CrateSource};
+use rustc_session::cstore::{ExternCrate, ForeignModule, LinkagePreference, NativeLib};
+use rustc_session::lint::LintExpectationId;
+use rustc_session::Limits;
 use rustc_span::def_id::LOCAL_CRATE;
+use rustc_span::symbol::Symbol;
+use rustc_span::{Span, DUMMY_SP};
+use rustc_target::abi;
+use rustc_target::spec::PanicStrategy;
+use std::mem;
+use std::ops::Deref;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::sync::Arc;
 
 pub mod erase;
 mod keys;
-pub mod on_disk_cache;
 pub use keys::{AsLocalKey, Key, LocalCrate};
+pub mod on_disk_cache;
+#[macro_use]
+pub mod plumbing;
+pub use plumbing::{IntoQueryParam, TyCtxtAt, TyCtxtEnsure, TyCtxtEnsureWithValue};
 
 // Each of these queries corresponds to a function pointer field in the
 // `Providers` struct for requesting a value of that type, and a method
@@ -236,6 +321,15 @@ rustc_queries! {
         cache_on_disk_if { key.is_local() }
     }
 
+    query opaque_types_defined_by(
+        key: LocalDefId
+    ) -> &'tcx [LocalDefId] {
+        desc {
+            |tcx| "computing the opaque types defined by `{}`",
+            tcx.def_path_str(key.to_def_id())
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Returns the list of bounds that can be used for
     /// `SelectionCandidate::ProjectionCandidate(_)` and
     /// `ProjectionTyCandidate::TraitDef`.
@@ -437,7 +531,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
         }
     }
 
-    query mir_generator_witnesses(key: DefId) -> &'tcx mir::GeneratorLayout<'tcx> {
+    query mir_generator_witnesses(key: DefId) -> &'tcx Option<mir::GeneratorLayout<'tcx>> {
         arena_cache
         desc { |tcx| "generator witness types for `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(key) }
         cache_on_disk_if { key.is_local() }
@@ -636,12 +730,6 @@ rustc_queries! {
         desc { |tcx| "checking if item is promotable: `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(key) }
     }
 
-    /// Returns `true` if this is a foreign item (i.e., linked via `extern { ... }`).
-    query is_foreign_item(key: DefId) -> bool {
-        desc { |tcx| "checking if `{}` is a foreign item", tcx.def_path_str(key) }
-        separate_provide_extern
-    }
-
     /// Returns `Some(generator_kind)` if the node pointed to by `def_id` is a generator.
     query generator_kind(def_id: DefId) -> Option<hir::GeneratorKind> {
         desc { |tcx| "looking up generator kind of `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(def_id) }
@@ -993,14 +1081,6 @@ rustc_queries! {
         desc { "destructuring MIR constant"}
     }
 
-    /// Dereference a constant reference or raw pointer and turn the result into a constant
-    /// again.
-    query deref_mir_constant(
-        key: ty::ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, mir::ConstantKind<'tcx>>
-    ) -> mir::ConstantKind<'tcx> {
-        desc { "dereferencing MIR constant" }
-    }
-
     query const_caller_location(key: (rustc_span::Symbol, u32, u32)) -> ConstValue<'tcx> {
         desc { "getting a &core::panic::Location referring to a span" }
     }
@@ -1012,10 +1092,6 @@ rustc_queries! {
         desc { "converting literal to const" }
     }
 
-    query lit_to_mir_constant(key: LitToConstInput<'tcx>) -> Result<mir::ConstantKind<'tcx>, LitToConstError> {
-        desc { "converting literal to mir constant" }
-    }
-
     query check_match(key: LocalDefId) -> Result<(), rustc_errors::ErrorGuaranteed> {
         desc { |tcx| "match-checking `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(key) }
         cache_on_disk_if { true }
@@ -1188,7 +1264,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
 
     query codegen_select_candidate(
         key: (ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>, ty::PolyTraitRef<'tcx>)
-    ) -> Result<&'tcx ImplSource<'tcx, ()>, traits::CodegenObligationError> {
+    ) -> Result<&'tcx ImplSource<'tcx, ()>, CodegenObligationError> {
         cache_on_disk_if { true }
         desc { |tcx| "computing candidate for `{}`", key.1 }
     }
@@ -1209,7 +1285,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
         desc { |tcx| "building specialization graph of trait `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(trait_id) }
         cache_on_disk_if { true }
     }
-    query object_safety_violations(trait_id: DefId) -> &'tcx [traits::ObjectSafetyViolation] {
+    query object_safety_violations(trait_id: DefId) -> &'tcx [ObjectSafetyViolation] {
         desc { |tcx| "determining object safety of trait `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(trait_id) }
     }
     query check_is_object_safe(trait_id: DefId) -> bool {
@@ -1700,12 +1776,18 @@ rustc_queries! {
         desc { "looking at the source for a crate" }
         separate_provide_extern
     }
+
     /// Returns the debugger visualizers defined for this crate.
-    query debugger_visualizers(_: CrateNum) -> &'tcx Vec<rustc_span::DebuggerVisualizerFile> {
+    /// NOTE: This query has to be marked `eval_always` because it reads data
+    ///       directly from disk that is not tracked anywhere else. I.e. it
+    ///       represents a genuine input to the query system.
+    query debugger_visualizers(_: CrateNum) -> &'tcx Vec<DebuggerVisualizerFile> {
         arena_cache
         desc { "looking up the debugger visualizers for this crate" }
         separate_provide_extern
+        eval_always
     }
+
     query postorder_cnums(_: ()) -> &'tcx [CrateNum] {
         eval_always
         desc { "generating a postorder list of CrateNums" }
@@ -1747,8 +1829,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
     }
 
     /// A list of all traits in a crate, used by rustdoc and error reporting.
-    /// NOTE: Not named just `traits` due to a naming conflict.
-    query traits_in_crate(_: CrateNum) -> &'tcx [DefId] {
+    query traits(_: CrateNum) -> &'tcx [DefId] {
         desc { "fetching all traits in a crate" }
         separate_provide_extern
     }
@@ -1862,12 +1943,12 @@ rustc_queries! {
     /// `infcx.predicate_must_hold()` instead.
     query evaluate_obligation(
         goal: CanonicalPredicateGoal<'tcx>
-    ) -> Result<traits::EvaluationResult, traits::OverflowError> {
+    ) -> Result<EvaluationResult, OverflowError> {
         desc { "evaluating trait selection obligation `{}`", goal.value.value }
     }
 
     query evaluate_goal(
-        goal: traits::CanonicalChalkEnvironmentAndGoal<'tcx>
+        goal: CanonicalChalkEnvironmentAndGoal<'tcx>
     ) -> Result<
         &'tcx Canonical<'tcx, canonical::QueryResponse<'tcx, ()>>,
         NoSolution
@@ -2037,8 +2118,8 @@ rustc_queries! {
     /// all of the cases that the normal `ty::Ty`-based wfcheck does. This is fine,
     /// because the `ty::Ty`-based wfcheck is always run.
     query diagnostic_hir_wf_check(
-        key: (ty::Predicate<'tcx>, traits::WellFormedLoc)
-    ) -> &'tcx Option<traits::ObligationCause<'tcx>> {
+        key: (ty::Predicate<'tcx>, WellFormedLoc)
+    ) -> &'tcx Option<ObligationCause<'tcx>> {
         arena_cache
         eval_always
         no_hash
@@ -2093,3 +2174,6 @@ rustc_queries! {
         desc { "check whether two const param are definitely not equal to eachother"}
     }
 }
+
+rustc_query_append! { define_callbacks! }
+rustc_feedable_queries! { define_feedable! }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/query.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/plumbing.rs
index 07d47cae5ee..97edfc2fca2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/query.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/plumbing.rs
@@ -1,89 +1,26 @@
-#![allow(unused_parens)]
-
 use crate::dep_graph;
 use crate::dep_graph::DepKind;
-use crate::infer::canonical::{self, Canonical};
-use crate::lint::LintExpectation;
-use crate::metadata::ModChild;
-use crate::middle::codegen_fn_attrs::CodegenFnAttrs;
-use crate::middle::exported_symbols::{ExportedSymbol, SymbolExportInfo};
-use crate::middle::lib_features::LibFeatures;
-use crate::middle::privacy::EffectiveVisibilities;
-use crate::middle::resolve_bound_vars::{ObjectLifetimeDefault, ResolveBoundVars, ResolvedArg};
-use crate::middle::stability::{self, DeprecationEntry};
-use crate::mir;
-use crate::mir::interpret::GlobalId;
-use crate::mir::interpret::{
-    ConstValue, EvalToAllocationRawResult, EvalToConstValueResult, EvalToValTreeResult,
-};
-use crate::mir::interpret::{LitToConstError, LitToConstInput};
-use crate::mir::mono::CodegenUnit;
-
-use crate::query::erase::{erase, restore, Erase};
 use crate::query::on_disk_cache::CacheEncoder;
 use crate::query::on_disk_cache::EncodedDepNodeIndex;
 use crate::query::on_disk_cache::OnDiskCache;
-use crate::query::{AsLocalKey, Key};
-use crate::thir;
-use crate::traits::query::{
-    CanonicalPredicateGoal, CanonicalProjectionGoal, CanonicalTyGoal,
-    CanonicalTypeOpAscribeUserTypeGoal, CanonicalTypeOpEqGoal, CanonicalTypeOpNormalizeGoal,
-    CanonicalTypeOpProvePredicateGoal, CanonicalTypeOpSubtypeGoal, NoSolution,
+use crate::query::{
+    DynamicQueries, ExternProviders, Providers, QueryArenas, QueryCaches, QueryEngine, QueryStates,
 };
-use crate::traits::query::{
-    DropckConstraint, DropckOutlivesResult, MethodAutoderefStepsResult, NormalizationResult,
-    OutlivesBound,
-};
-use crate::traits::specialization_graph;
-use crate::traits::{self, ImplSource};
-use crate::ty::context::TyCtxtFeed;
-use crate::ty::fast_reject::SimplifiedType;
-use crate::ty::layout::ValidityRequirement;
-use crate::ty::subst::{GenericArg, SubstsRef};
-use crate::ty::util::AlwaysRequiresDrop;
-use crate::ty::GeneratorDiagnosticData;
-use crate::ty::{self, CrateInherentImpls, ParamEnvAnd, Ty, TyCtxt, UnusedGenericParams};
+use crate::ty::TyCtxt;
+use field_offset::FieldOffset;
 use measureme::StringId;
-use rustc_arena::TypedArena;
-use rustc_ast as ast;
-use rustc_ast::expand::allocator::AllocatorKind;
-use rustc_attr as attr;
-use rustc_data_structures::fingerprint::Fingerprint;
-use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashMap, FxIndexMap, FxIndexSet};
-use rustc_data_structures::steal::Steal;
-use rustc_data_structures::svh::Svh;
+use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashMap;
 use rustc_data_structures::sync::AtomicU64;
-use rustc_data_structures::sync::Lrc;
-use rustc_data_structures::sync::WorkerLocal;
-use rustc_data_structures::unord::UnordSet;
-use rustc_errors::ErrorGuaranteed;
-use rustc_hir as hir;
-use rustc_hir::def::{DefKind, DocLinkResMap};
-use rustc_hir::def_id::{
-    CrateNum, DefId, DefIdMap, DefIdSet, LocalDefId, LocalDefIdMap, LocalDefIdSet,
-};
+use rustc_hir::def::DefKind;
+use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefId, LocalDefId};
 use rustc_hir::hir_id::OwnerId;
-use rustc_hir::lang_items::{LangItem, LanguageItems};
-use rustc_hir::{Crate, ItemLocalId, TraitCandidate};
-use rustc_index::IndexVec;
-use rustc_query_system::ich::StableHashingContext;
+use rustc_query_system::dep_graph::DepNodeIndex;
+use rustc_query_system::dep_graph::SerializedDepNodeIndex;
 pub(crate) use rustc_query_system::query::QueryJobId;
 use rustc_query_system::query::*;
-use rustc_session::config::{EntryFnType, OptLevel, OutputFilenames, SymbolManglingVersion};
-use rustc_session::cstore::{CrateDepKind, CrateSource};
-use rustc_session::cstore::{ExternCrate, ForeignModule, LinkagePreference, NativeLib};
-use rustc_session::lint::LintExpectationId;
-use rustc_session::Limits;
-use rustc_span::symbol::Symbol;
+use rustc_query_system::HandleCycleError;
 use rustc_span::{Span, DUMMY_SP};
-use rustc_target::abi;
-use rustc_target::spec::PanicStrategy;
-
-use std::marker::PhantomData;
-use std::mem;
 use std::ops::Deref;
-use std::path::PathBuf;
-use std::sync::Arc;
 
 pub struct QueryKeyStringCache {
     pub def_id_cache: FxHashMap<DefId, StringId>,
@@ -95,19 +32,34 @@ impl QueryKeyStringCache {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
-pub struct QueryStruct<'tcx> {
-    pub try_collect_active_jobs: fn(TyCtxt<'tcx>, &mut QueryMap<DepKind>) -> Option<()>,
-    pub alloc_self_profile_query_strings: fn(TyCtxt<'tcx>, &mut QueryKeyStringCache),
-    pub encode_query_results:
-        Option<fn(TyCtxt<'tcx>, &mut CacheEncoder<'_, 'tcx>, &mut EncodedDepNodeIndex)>,
+pub struct DynamicQuery<'tcx, C: QueryCache> {
+    pub name: &'static str,
+    pub eval_always: bool,
+    pub dep_kind: DepKind,
+    pub handle_cycle_error: HandleCycleError,
+    pub query_state: FieldOffset<QueryStates<'tcx>, QueryState<C::Key, DepKind>>,
+    pub query_cache: FieldOffset<QueryCaches<'tcx>, C>,
+    pub cache_on_disk: fn(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, key: &C::Key) -> bool,
+    pub execute_query: fn(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, k: C::Key) -> C::Value,
+    pub compute: fn(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, key: C::Key) -> C::Value,
+    pub can_load_from_disk: bool,
+    pub try_load_from_disk: fn(
+        tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+        key: &C::Key,
+        prev_index: SerializedDepNodeIndex,
+        index: DepNodeIndex,
+    ) -> Option<C::Value>,
+    pub loadable_from_disk:
+        fn(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, key: &C::Key, index: SerializedDepNodeIndex) -> bool,
+    pub hash_result: HashResult<C::Value>,
+    pub value_from_cycle_error: fn(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, cycle: &[QueryInfo<DepKind>]) -> C::Value,
+    pub format_value: fn(&C::Value) -> String,
 }
 
 pub struct QuerySystemFns<'tcx> {
     pub engine: QueryEngine,
     pub local_providers: Providers,
     pub extern_providers: ExternProviders,
-    pub query_structs: Vec<QueryStruct<'tcx>>,
     pub encode_query_results: fn(
         tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
         encoder: &mut CacheEncoder<'_, 'tcx>,
@@ -120,6 +72,7 @@ pub struct QuerySystem<'tcx> {
     pub states: QueryStates<'tcx>,
     pub arenas: QueryArenas<'tcx>,
     pub caches: QueryCaches<'tcx>,
+    pub dynamic_queries: DynamicQueries<'tcx>,
 
     /// This provides access to the incremental compilation on-disk cache for query results.
     /// Do not access this directly. It is only meant to be used by
@@ -130,23 +83,6 @@ pub struct QuerySystem<'tcx> {
     pub fns: QuerySystemFns<'tcx>,
 
     pub jobs: AtomicU64,
-
-    // Since we erase query value types we tell the typesystem about them with `PhantomData`.
-    _phantom_values: QueryPhantomValues<'tcx>,
-}
-
-impl<'tcx> QuerySystem<'tcx> {
-    pub fn new(fns: QuerySystemFns<'tcx>, on_disk_cache: Option<OnDiskCache<'tcx>>) -> Self {
-        QuerySystem {
-            states: Default::default(),
-            arenas: Default::default(),
-            caches: Default::default(),
-            on_disk_cache,
-            fns,
-            jobs: AtomicU64::new(1),
-            _phantom_values: Default::default(),
-        }
-    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
@@ -203,7 +139,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
 }
 
 #[inline]
-fn query_get_at<'tcx, Cache>(
+pub fn query_get_at<'tcx, Cache>(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
     execute_query: fn(TyCtxt<'tcx>, Span, Cache::Key, QueryMode) -> Option<Cache::Value>,
     query_cache: &Cache,
@@ -221,7 +157,7 @@ where
 }
 
 #[inline]
-fn query_ensure<'tcx, Cache>(
+pub fn query_ensure<'tcx, Cache>(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
     execute_query: fn(TyCtxt<'tcx>, Span, Cache::Key, QueryMode) -> Option<Cache::Value>,
     query_cache: &Cache,
@@ -275,8 +211,8 @@ macro_rules! separate_provide_extern_decl {
     ([(separate_provide_extern) $($rest:tt)*][$name:ident]) => {
         for<'tcx> fn(
             TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-            query_keys::$name<'tcx>,
-        ) -> query_provided::$name<'tcx>
+            queries::$name::Key<'tcx>,
+        ) -> queries::$name::ProvidedValue<'tcx>
     };
     ([$other:tt $($modifiers:tt)*][$($args:tt)*]) => {
         separate_provide_extern_decl!([$($modifiers)*][$($args)*])
@@ -306,60 +242,37 @@ macro_rules! define_callbacks {
      $($(#[$attr:meta])*
         [$($modifiers:tt)*] fn $name:ident($($K:tt)*) -> $V:ty,)*) => {
 
-        // HACK(eddyb) this is like the `impl QueryConfig for queries::$name`
-        // below, but using type aliases instead of associated types, to bypass
-        // the limitations around normalizing under HRTB - for example, this:
-        // `for<'tcx> fn(...) -> <queries::$name<'tcx> as QueryConfig<TyCtxt<'tcx>>>::Value`
-        // doesn't currently normalize to `for<'tcx> fn(...) -> query_values::$name<'tcx>`.
-        // This is primarily used by the `provide!` macro in `rustc_metadata`.
-        #[allow(nonstandard_style, unused_lifetimes)]
-        pub mod query_keys {
-            use super::*;
-
-            $(pub type $name<'tcx> = $($K)*;)*
-        }
-        #[allow(nonstandard_style, unused_lifetimes)]
-        pub mod query_keys_local {
-            use super::*;
-
-            $(pub type $name<'tcx> = local_key_if_separate_extern!([$($modifiers)*] $($K)*);)*
-        }
-        #[allow(nonstandard_style, unused_lifetimes)]
-        pub mod query_values {
-            use super::*;
+        #[allow(unused_lifetimes)]
+        pub mod queries {
+            $(pub mod $name {
+                use super::super::*;
 
-            $(pub type $name<'tcx> = $V;)*
-        }
+                pub type Key<'tcx> = $($K)*;
+                pub type Value<'tcx> = $V;
 
-        /// This module specifies the type returned from query providers and the type used for
-        /// decoding. For regular queries this is the declared returned type `V`, but
-        /// `arena_cache` will use `<V as Deref>::Target` instead.
-        #[allow(nonstandard_style, unused_lifetimes)]
-        pub mod query_provided {
-            use super::*;
+                pub type LocalKey<'tcx> = local_key_if_separate_extern!([$($modifiers)*] $($K)*);
 
-            $(
-                pub type $name<'tcx> = query_if_arena!([$($modifiers)*] (<$V as Deref>::Target) ($V));
-            )*
-        }
-
-        /// This module has a function per query which takes a `query_provided` value and coverts
-        /// it to a regular `V` value by allocating it on an arena if the query has the
-        /// `arena_cache` modifier. This will happen when computing the query using a provider or
-        /// decoding a stored result.
-        #[allow(nonstandard_style, unused_lifetimes)]
-        pub mod query_provided_to_value {
-            use super::*;
+                /// This type alias specifies the type returned from query providers and the type
+                /// used for decoding. For regular queries this is the declared returned type `V`,
+                /// but `arena_cache` will use `<V as Deref>::Target` instead.
+                pub type ProvidedValue<'tcx> = query_if_arena!(
+                    [$($modifiers)*]
+                    (<$V as Deref>::Target)
+                    ($V)
+                );
 
-            $(
+                /// This function takes `ProvidedValue` and coverts it to an erased `Value` by
+                /// allocating it on an arena if the query has the `arena_cache` modifier. The
+                /// value is then erased and returned. This will happen when computing the query
+                /// using a provider or decoding a stored result.
                 #[inline(always)]
-                pub fn $name<'tcx>(
+                pub fn provided_to_erased<'tcx>(
                     _tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-                    value: query_provided::$name<'tcx>,
-                ) -> Erase<query_values::$name<'tcx>> {
+                    value: ProvidedValue<'tcx>,
+                ) -> Erase<Value<'tcx>> {
                     erase(query_if_arena!([$($modifiers)*]
                         {
-                            if mem::needs_drop::<query_provided::$name<'tcx>>() {
+                            if mem::needs_drop::<ProvidedValue<'tcx>>() {
                                 &*_tcx.query_system.arenas.$name.alloc(value)
                             } else {
                                 &*_tcx.arena.dropless.alloc(value)
@@ -368,47 +281,41 @@ macro_rules! define_callbacks {
                         (value)
                     ))
                 }
-            )*
-        }
-        #[allow(nonstandard_style, unused_lifetimes)]
-        pub mod query_storage {
-            use super::*;
 
-            $(
-                pub type $name<'tcx> = <<$($K)* as Key>::CacheSelector as CacheSelector<'tcx, Erase<$V>>>::Cache;
-            )*
+                pub type Storage<'tcx> = <
+                    <$($K)* as keys::Key>::CacheSelector as CacheSelector<'tcx, Erase<$V>>
+                >::Cache;
+
+                // Ensure that keys grow no larger than 64 bytes
+                #[cfg(all(target_arch = "x86_64", target_pointer_width = "64"))]
+                const _: () = {
+                    if mem::size_of::<Key<'static>>() > 64 {
+                        panic!("{}", concat!(
+                            "the query `",
+                            stringify!($name),
+                            "` has a key type `",
+                            stringify!($($K)*),
+                            "` that is too large"
+                        ));
+                    }
+                };
+
+                // Ensure that values grow no larger than 64 bytes
+                #[cfg(all(target_arch = "x86_64", target_pointer_width = "64"))]
+                const _: () = {
+                    if mem::size_of::<Value<'static>>() > 64 {
+                        panic!("{}", concat!(
+                            "the query `",
+                            stringify!($name),
+                            "` has a value type `",
+                            stringify!($V),
+                            "` that is too large"
+                        ));
+                    }
+                };
+            })*
         }
 
-        $(
-            // Ensure that keys grow no larger than 64 bytes
-            #[cfg(all(target_arch = "x86_64", target_pointer_width = "64"))]
-            const _: () = {
-                if mem::size_of::<query_keys::$name<'static>>() > 64 {
-                    panic!("{}", concat!(
-                        "the query `",
-                        stringify!($name),
-                        "` has a key type `",
-                        stringify!($($K)*),
-                        "` that is too large"
-                    ));
-                }
-            };
-
-            // Ensure that values grow no larger than 64 bytes
-            #[cfg(all(target_arch = "x86_64", target_pointer_width = "64"))]
-            const _: () = {
-                if mem::size_of::<query_values::$name<'static>>() > 64 {
-                    panic!("{}", concat!(
-                        "the query `",
-                        stringify!($name),
-                        "` has a value type `",
-                        stringify!($V),
-                        "` that is too large"
-                    ));
-                }
-            };
-        )*
-
         pub struct QueryArenas<'tcx> {
             $($(#[$attr])* pub $name: query_if_arena!([$($modifiers)*]
                 (WorkerLocal<TypedArena<<$V as Deref>::Target>>)
@@ -428,13 +335,8 @@ macro_rules! define_callbacks {
         }
 
         #[derive(Default)]
-        pub struct QueryPhantomValues<'tcx> {
-            $($(#[$attr])* pub $name: PhantomData<query_values::$name<'tcx>>,)*
-        }
-
-        #[derive(Default)]
         pub struct QueryCaches<'tcx> {
-            $($(#[$attr])* pub $name: query_storage::$name<'tcx>,)*
+            $($(#[$attr])* pub $name: queries::$name::Storage<'tcx>,)*
         }
 
         impl<'tcx> TyCtxtEnsure<'tcx> {
@@ -490,6 +392,12 @@ macro_rules! define_callbacks {
             })*
         }
 
+        pub struct DynamicQueries<'tcx> {
+            $(
+                pub $name: DynamicQuery<'tcx, queries::$name::Storage<'tcx>>,
+            )*
+        }
+
         #[derive(Default)]
         pub struct QueryStates<'tcx> {
             $(
@@ -500,8 +408,8 @@ macro_rules! define_callbacks {
         pub struct Providers {
             $(pub $name: for<'tcx> fn(
                 TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-                query_keys_local::$name<'tcx>,
-            ) -> query_provided::$name<'tcx>,)*
+                queries::$name::LocalKey<'tcx>,
+            ) -> queries::$name::ProvidedValue<'tcx>,)*
         }
 
         pub struct ExternProviders {
@@ -546,7 +454,7 @@ macro_rules! define_callbacks {
             $(pub $name: for<'tcx> fn(
                 TyCtxt<'tcx>,
                 Span,
-                query_keys::$name<'tcx>,
+                queries::$name::Key<'tcx>,
                 QueryMode,
             ) -> Option<Erase<$V>>,)*
         }
@@ -570,11 +478,11 @@ macro_rules! define_feedable {
         $(impl<'tcx, K: IntoQueryParam<$($K)*> + Copy> TyCtxtFeed<'tcx, K> {
             $(#[$attr])*
             #[inline(always)]
-            pub fn $name(self, value: query_provided::$name<'tcx>) {
+            pub fn $name(self, value: queries::$name::ProvidedValue<'tcx>) {
                 let key = self.key().into_query_param();
 
                 let tcx = self.tcx;
-                let erased = query_provided_to_value::$name(tcx, value);
+                let erased = queries::$name::provided_to_erased(tcx, value);
                 let value = restore::<$V>(erased);
                 let cache = &tcx.query_system.caches.$name;
 
@@ -586,12 +494,20 @@ macro_rules! define_feedable {
                             let (value_hash, old_hash): (Fingerprint, Fingerprint) = tcx.with_stable_hashing_context(|mut hcx|
                                 (hasher(&mut hcx, &value), hasher(&mut hcx, &old))
                             );
-                            assert_eq!(
-                                old_hash, value_hash,
-                                "Trying to feed an already recorded value for query {} key={key:?}:\nold value: {old:?}\nnew value: {value:?}",
-                                stringify!($name),
-                            )
+                            if old_hash != value_hash {
+                                // We have an inconsistency. This can happen if one of the two
+                                // results is tainted by errors. In this case, delay a bug to
+                                // ensure compilation is doomed, and keep the `old` value.
+                                tcx.sess.delay_span_bug(DUMMY_SP, format!(
+                                    "Trying to feed an already recorded value for query {} key={key:?}:\n\
+                                    old value: {old:?}\nnew value: {value:?}",
+                                    stringify!($name),
+                                ));
+                            }
                         } else {
+                            // The query is `no_hash`, so we have no way to perform a sanity check.
+                            // If feeding the same value multiple times needs to be supported,
+                            // the query should not be marked `no_hash`.
                             bug!(
                                 "Trying to feed an already recorded value for query {} key={key:?}:\nold value: {old:?}\nnew value: {value:?}",
                                 stringify!($name),
@@ -627,9 +543,6 @@ macro_rules! define_feedable {
 // Queries marked with `fatal_cycle` do not need the latter implementation,
 // as they will raise an fatal error on query cycles instead.
 
-rustc_query_append! { define_callbacks! }
-rustc_feedable_queries! { define_feedable! }
-
 mod sealed {
     use super::{DefId, LocalDefId, OwnerId};
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/traits/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/traits/mod.rs
index 449c453555e..0a903a76974 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/traits/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/traits/mod.rs
@@ -281,9 +281,6 @@ pub enum ObligationCauseCode<'tcx> {
     /// A type like `Box<Foo<'a> + 'b>` is WF only if `'b: 'a`.
     ObjectTypeBound(Ty<'tcx>, ty::Region<'tcx>),
 
-    /// Obligation incurred due to an object cast.
-    ObjectCastObligation(/* Concrete type */ Ty<'tcx>, /* Object type */ Ty<'tcx>),
-
     /// Obligation incurred due to a coercion.
     Coercion {
         source: Ty<'tcx>,
@@ -704,9 +701,9 @@ impl<'tcx, N> ImplSource<'tcx, N> {
     }
 
     pub fn borrow_nested_obligations(&self) -> &[N] {
-        match &self {
-            ImplSource::UserDefined(i) => &i.nested[..],
-            ImplSource::Param(n, _) => &n,
+        match self {
+            ImplSource::UserDefined(i) => &i.nested,
+            ImplSource::Param(n, _) => n,
             ImplSource::Builtin(i) => &i.nested,
             ImplSource::AutoImpl(d) => &d.nested,
             ImplSource::Closure(c) => &c.nested,
@@ -720,6 +717,23 @@ impl<'tcx, N> ImplSource<'tcx, N> {
         }
     }
 
+    pub fn borrow_nested_obligations_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [N] {
+        match self {
+            ImplSource::UserDefined(i) => &mut i.nested,
+            ImplSource::Param(n, _) => n,
+            ImplSource::Builtin(i) => &mut i.nested,
+            ImplSource::AutoImpl(d) => &mut d.nested,
+            ImplSource::Closure(c) => &mut c.nested,
+            ImplSource::Generator(c) => &mut c.nested,
+            ImplSource::Future(c) => &mut c.nested,
+            ImplSource::Object(d) => &mut d.nested,
+            ImplSource::FnPointer(d) => &mut d.nested,
+            ImplSource::TraitAlias(d) => &mut d.nested,
+            ImplSource::TraitUpcasting(d) => &mut d.nested,
+            ImplSource::ConstDestruct(i) => &mut i.nested,
+        }
+    }
+
     pub fn map<M, F>(self, f: F) -> ImplSource<'tcx, M>
     where
         F: FnMut(N) -> M,
@@ -1094,3 +1108,14 @@ pub enum CodegenObligationError {
     Unimplemented,
     FulfillmentError,
 }
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, Hash, TypeFoldable, TypeVisitable)]
+pub enum DefiningAnchor {
+    /// `DefId` of the item.
+    Bind(LocalDefId),
+    /// When opaque types are not resolved, we `Bubble` up, meaning
+    /// return the opaque/hidden type pair from query, for caller of query to handle it.
+    Bubble,
+    /// Used to catch type mismatch errors when handling opaque types.
+    Error,
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/traits/query.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/traits/query.rs
index c4f8718754f..eae5a280e11 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/traits/query.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/traits/query.rs
@@ -95,8 +95,6 @@ pub type CanonicalTypeOpNormalizeGoal<'tcx, T> =
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, HashStable, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct NoSolution;
 
-pub type Fallible<T> = Result<T, NoSolution>;
-
 impl<'tcx> From<TypeError<'tcx>> for NoSolution {
     fn from(_: TypeError<'tcx>) -> NoSolution {
         NoSolution
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/traits/solve.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/traits/solve.rs
index 6b7b910a59b..2c5b64a59cd 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/traits/solve.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/traits/solve.rs
@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@ use rustc_query_system::cache::Cache;
 
 use crate::infer::canonical::{CanonicalVarValues, QueryRegionConstraints};
 use crate::traits::query::NoSolution;
-use crate::traits::Canonical;
+use crate::traits::{Canonical, DefiningAnchor};
 use crate::ty::{
     self, FallibleTypeFolder, ToPredicate, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeFoldable, TypeFolder, TypeVisitable,
     TypeVisitor,
 };
 
-pub type EvaluationCache<'tcx> = Cache<CanonicalGoal<'tcx>, QueryResult<'tcx>>;
+pub type EvaluationCache<'tcx> = Cache<CanonicalInput<'tcx>, QueryResult<'tcx>>;
 
 /// A goal is a statement, i.e. `predicate`, we want to prove
 /// given some assumptions, i.e. `param_env`.
@@ -96,7 +96,31 @@ pub enum MaybeCause {
     Overflow,
 }
 
-pub type CanonicalGoal<'tcx, T = ty::Predicate<'tcx>> = Canonical<'tcx, Goal<'tcx, T>>;
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, Hash, TypeFoldable, TypeVisitable)]
+pub struct QueryInput<'tcx, T> {
+    pub goal: Goal<'tcx, T>,
+    pub anchor: DefiningAnchor,
+    pub predefined_opaques_in_body: PredefinedOpaques<'tcx>,
+}
+
+/// Additional constraints returned on success.
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Hash, Default)]
+pub struct PredefinedOpaquesData<'tcx> {
+    pub opaque_types: Vec<(ty::OpaqueTypeKey<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>)>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Copy, Clone, Hash)]
+pub struct PredefinedOpaques<'tcx>(pub(crate) Interned<'tcx, PredefinedOpaquesData<'tcx>>);
+
+impl<'tcx> std::ops::Deref for PredefinedOpaques<'tcx> {
+    type Target = PredefinedOpaquesData<'tcx>;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+pub type CanonicalInput<'tcx, T = ty::Predicate<'tcx>> = Canonical<'tcx, QueryInput<'tcx, T>>;
 
 pub type CanonicalResponse<'tcx> = Canonical<'tcx, Response<'tcx>>;
 
@@ -124,7 +148,7 @@ impl<'tcx> std::ops::Deref for ExternalConstraints<'tcx> {
 pub struct ExternalConstraintsData<'tcx> {
     // FIXME: implement this.
     pub region_constraints: QueryRegionConstraints<'tcx>,
-    pub opaque_types: Vec<(Ty<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>)>,
+    pub opaque_types: Vec<(ty::OpaqueTypeKey<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>)>,
 }
 
 // FIXME: Having to clone `region_constraints` for folding feels bad and
@@ -165,3 +189,40 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeVisitable<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for ExternalConstraints<'tcx> {
         ControlFlow::Continue(())
     }
 }
+
+// FIXME: Having to clone `region_constraints` for folding feels bad and
+// probably isn't great wrt performance.
+//
+// Not sure how to fix this, maybe we should also intern `opaque_types` and
+// `region_constraints` here or something.
+impl<'tcx> TypeFoldable<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for PredefinedOpaques<'tcx> {
+    fn try_fold_with<F: FallibleTypeFolder<TyCtxt<'tcx>>>(
+        self,
+        folder: &mut F,
+    ) -> Result<Self, F::Error> {
+        Ok(FallibleTypeFolder::interner(folder).mk_predefined_opaques_in_body(
+            PredefinedOpaquesData {
+                opaque_types: self
+                    .opaque_types
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|opaque| opaque.try_fold_with(folder))
+                    .collect::<Result<_, F::Error>>()?,
+            },
+        ))
+    }
+
+    fn fold_with<F: TypeFolder<TyCtxt<'tcx>>>(self, folder: &mut F) -> Self {
+        TypeFolder::interner(folder).mk_predefined_opaques_in_body(PredefinedOpaquesData {
+            opaque_types: self.opaque_types.iter().map(|opaque| opaque.fold_with(folder)).collect(),
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'tcx> TypeVisitable<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for PredefinedOpaques<'tcx> {
+    fn visit_with<V: TypeVisitor<TyCtxt<'tcx>>>(
+        &self,
+        visitor: &mut V,
+    ) -> std::ops::ControlFlow<V::BreakTy> {
+        self.opaque_types.visit_with(visitor)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/_match.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/_match.rs
index 468c2c818b2..cbc68fde9d9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/_match.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/_match.rs
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeRelation<'tcx> for Match<'tcx> {
 
             (&ty::Error(guar), _) | (_, &ty::Error(guar)) => Ok(self.tcx().ty_error(guar)),
 
-            _ => relate::super_relate_tys(self, a, b),
+            _ => relate::structurally_relate_tys(self, a, b),
         }
     }
 
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeRelation<'tcx> for Match<'tcx> {
             _ => {}
         }
 
-        relate::super_relate_consts(self, a, b)
+        relate::structurally_relate_consts(self, a, b)
     }
 
     fn binders<T>(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/abstract_const.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/abstract_const.rs
index 972c417cbba..a39631da936 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/abstract_const.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/abstract_const.rs
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
             fn fold_const(&mut self, c: Const<'tcx>) -> Const<'tcx> {
                 let ct = match c.kind() {
                     ty::ConstKind::Unevaluated(uv) => match self.tcx.thir_abstract_const(uv.def) {
-                        Err(e) => self.tcx.const_error_with_guaranteed(c.ty(), e),
+                        Err(e) => self.tcx.const_error(c.ty(), e),
                         Ok(Some(bac)) => {
                             let substs = self.tcx.erase_regions(uv.substs);
                             let bac = bac.subst(self.tcx, substs);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/adt.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/adt.rs
index ad9891a5dca..e067d2a984f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/adt.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/adt.rs
@@ -111,12 +111,30 @@ impl Ord for AdtDefData {
     }
 }
 
-/// There should be only one AdtDef for each `did`, therefore
-/// it is fine to implement `PartialEq` only based on `did`.
 impl PartialEq for AdtDefData {
     #[inline]
     fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
-        self.did == other.did
+        // There should be only one `AdtDefData` for each `def_id`, therefore
+        // it is fine to implement `PartialEq` only based on `def_id`.
+        //
+        // Below, we exhaustively destructure `self` and `other` so that if the
+        // definition of `AdtDefData` changes, a compile-error will be produced,
+        // reminding us to revisit this assumption.
+
+        let Self { did: self_def_id, variants: _, flags: _, repr: _ } = self;
+        let Self { did: other_def_id, variants: _, flags: _, repr: _ } = other;
+
+        let res = self_def_id == other_def_id;
+
+        // Double check that implicit assumption detailed above.
+        if cfg!(debug_assertions) && res {
+            let deep = self.flags == other.flags
+                && self.repr == other.repr
+                && self.variants == other.variants;
+            assert!(deep, "AdtDefData for the same def-id has differing data");
+        }
+
+        res
     }
 }
 
@@ -555,7 +573,7 @@ impl<'tcx> AdtDef<'tcx> {
     /// Due to normalization being eager, this applies even if
     /// the associated type is behind a pointer (e.g., issue #31299).
     pub fn sized_constraint(self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> ty::EarlyBinder<&'tcx [Ty<'tcx>]> {
-        ty::EarlyBinder(tcx.adt_sized_constraint(self.did()))
+        ty::EarlyBinder::bind(tcx.adt_sized_constraint(self.did()))
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/closure.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/closure.rs
index f29bf92b0ed..be7b2b7ec67 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/closure.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/closure.rs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ use crate::{mir, ty};
 
 use std::fmt::Write;
 
+use crate::query::Providers;
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashMap, FxIndexMap};
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefId, LocalDefId};
 use rustc_hir::{self as hir, LangItem};
@@ -457,6 +458,6 @@ impl BorrowKind {
     }
 }
 
-pub fn provide(providers: &mut ty::query::Providers) {
-    *providers = ty::query::Providers { closure_typeinfo, ..*providers }
+pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
+    *providers = Providers { closure_typeinfo, ..*providers }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/codec.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/codec.rs
index 7fc75674da5..76f52bc34ed 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/codec.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/codec.rs
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ impl<'tcx, D: TyDecoder<I = TyCtxt<'tcx>>> Decodable<D> for mir::Place<'tcx> {
 
 impl<'tcx, D: TyDecoder<I = TyCtxt<'tcx>>> Decodable<D> for ty::Region<'tcx> {
     fn decode(decoder: &mut D) -> Self {
-        decoder.interner().mk_region_from_kind(Decodable::decode(decoder))
+        ty::Region::new_from_kind(decoder.interner(), Decodable::decode(decoder))
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/consts.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/consts.rs
index e7107c28bf4..aecb46556b0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/consts.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/consts.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def::{DefKind, Res};
 use rustc_hir::def_id::LocalDefId;
 use rustc_macros::HashStable;
-use std::fmt;
 
 mod int;
 mod kind;
@@ -21,15 +20,6 @@ pub use valtree::*;
 #[rustc_pass_by_value]
 pub struct Const<'tcx>(pub(super) Interned<'tcx, ConstData<'tcx>>);
 
-impl<'tcx> fmt::Debug for Const<'tcx> {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        // This reflects what `Const` looked liked before `Interned` was
-        // introduced. We print it like this to avoid having to update expected
-        // output in a lot of tests.
-        write!(f, "Const {{ ty: {:?}, kind: {:?} }}", self.ty(), self.kind())
-    }
-}
-
 /// Typed constant value.
 #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, HashStable, TyEncodable, TyDecodable)]
 pub struct ConstData<'tcx> {
@@ -142,9 +132,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Const<'tcx> {
                         ty::ConstKind::Bound(debruijn, ty::BoundVar::from_u32(index)),
                         param_ty,
                     )),
-                    Some(rbv::ResolvedArg::Error(guar)) => {
-                        Some(tcx.const_error_with_guaranteed(param_ty, guar))
-                    }
+                    Some(rbv::ResolvedArg::Error(guar)) => Some(tcx.const_error(param_ty, guar)),
                     arg => bug!("unexpected bound var resolution for {:?}: {arg:?}", expr.hir_id),
                 }
             }
@@ -228,7 +216,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Const<'tcx> {
         if let Some(val) = self.kind().try_eval_for_typeck(tcx, param_env) {
             match val {
                 Ok(val) => tcx.mk_const(val, self.ty()),
-                Err(guar) => tcx.const_error_with_guaranteed(self.ty(), guar),
+                Err(guar) => tcx.const_error(self.ty(), guar),
             }
         } else {
             // Either the constant isn't evaluatable or ValTree creation failed.
@@ -266,5 +254,5 @@ pub fn const_param_default(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: LocalDefId) -> ty::EarlyBind
             "`const_param_default` expected a generic parameter with a constant"
         ),
     };
-    ty::EarlyBinder(Const::from_anon_const(tcx, default_def_id))
+    ty::EarlyBinder::bind(Const::from_anon_const(tcx, default_def_id))
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/consts/kind.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/consts/kind.rs
index 1ac2cd13982..1dd4f8a2437 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/consts/kind.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/consts/kind.rs
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ impl<'tcx> UnevaluatedConst<'tcx> {
 }
 
 /// Represents a constant in Rust.
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Ord, TyEncodable, TyDecodable)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Ord, TyEncodable, TyDecodable)]
 #[derive(Hash, HashStable, TypeFoldable, TypeVisitable)]
 #[derive(derive_more::From)]
 pub enum ConstKind<'tcx> {
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ impl<'tcx> ConstKind<'tcx> {
 }
 
 /// An inference variable for a const, for use in const generics.
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Ord, TyEncodable, TyDecodable, Hash)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Ord, TyEncodable, TyDecodable, Hash)]
 pub enum InferConst<'tcx> {
     /// Infer the value of the const.
     Var(ty::ConstVid<'tcx>),
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ impl<'tcx> ConstKind<'tcx> {
                         // can leak through `val` into the const we return.
                         Ok(val) => Some(Ok(EvalResult::ValTree(val?))),
                         Err(ErrorHandled::TooGeneric) => None,
-                        Err(ErrorHandled::Reported(e)) => Some(Err(e)),
+                        Err(ErrorHandled::Reported(e)) => Some(Err(e.into())),
                     }
                 }
                 EvalMode::Mir => {
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ impl<'tcx> ConstKind<'tcx> {
                         // can leak through `val` into the const we return.
                         Ok(val) => Some(Ok(EvalResult::ConstVal(val))),
                         Err(ErrorHandled::TooGeneric) => None,
-                        Err(ErrorHandled::Reported(e)) => Some(Err(e)),
+                        Err(ErrorHandled::Reported(e)) => Some(Err(e.into())),
                     }
                 }
             }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context.rs
index 8aea2d8aedf..b05e791211d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context.rs
@@ -14,15 +14,16 @@ use crate::middle::resolve_bound_vars;
 use crate::middle::stability;
 use crate::mir::interpret::{self, Allocation, ConstAllocation};
 use crate::mir::{Body, Local, Place, PlaceElem, ProjectionKind, Promoted};
-use crate::query::on_disk_cache::OnDiskCache;
+use crate::query::plumbing::QuerySystem;
 use crate::query::LocalCrate;
+use crate::query::Providers;
+use crate::query::{IntoQueryParam, TyCtxtAt};
 use crate::thir::Thir;
 use crate::traits;
 use crate::traits::solve;
-use crate::traits::solve::{ExternalConstraints, ExternalConstraintsData};
-use crate::ty::query::QuerySystem;
-use crate::ty::query::QuerySystemFns;
-use crate::ty::query::{self, TyCtxtAt};
+use crate::traits::solve::{
+    ExternalConstraints, ExternalConstraintsData, PredefinedOpaques, PredefinedOpaquesData,
+};
 use crate::ty::{
     self, AdtDef, AdtDefData, AdtKind, Binder, Const, ConstData, FloatTy, FloatVar, FloatVid,
     GenericParamDefKind, ImplPolarity, InferTy, IntTy, IntVar, IntVid, List, ParamConst, ParamTy,
@@ -81,10 +82,6 @@ use std::iter;
 use std::mem;
 use std::ops::{Bound, Deref};
 
-use super::query::IntoQueryParam;
-
-const TINY_CONST_EVAL_LIMIT: Limit = Limit(20);
-
 #[allow(rustc::usage_of_ty_tykind)]
 impl<'tcx> Interner for TyCtxt<'tcx> {
     type AdtDef = ty::AdtDef<'tcx>;
@@ -116,6 +113,16 @@ impl<'tcx> Interner for TyCtxt<'tcx> {
     type FreeRegion = ty::FreeRegion;
     type RegionVid = ty::RegionVid;
     type PlaceholderRegion = ty::PlaceholderRegion;
+
+    fn ty_and_mut_to_parts(
+        TypeAndMut { ty, mutbl }: TypeAndMut<'tcx>,
+    ) -> (Self::Ty, Self::Mutability) {
+        (ty, mutbl)
+    }
+
+    fn mutability_is_mut(mutbl: Self::Mutability) -> bool {
+        mutbl.is_mut()
+    }
 }
 
 type InternedSet<'tcx, T> = ShardedHashMap<InternedInSet<'tcx, T>, ()>;
@@ -143,6 +150,7 @@ pub struct CtxtInterners<'tcx> {
     layout: InternedSet<'tcx, LayoutS>,
     adt_def: InternedSet<'tcx, AdtDefData>,
     external_constraints: InternedSet<'tcx, ExternalConstraintsData<'tcx>>,
+    predefined_opaques_in_body: InternedSet<'tcx, PredefinedOpaquesData<'tcx>>,
     fields: InternedSet<'tcx, List<FieldIdx>>,
 }
 
@@ -167,6 +175,7 @@ impl<'tcx> CtxtInterners<'tcx> {
             layout: Default::default(),
             adt_def: Default::default(),
             external_constraints: Default::default(),
+            predefined_opaques_in_body: Default::default(),
             fields: Default::default(),
         }
     }
@@ -496,7 +505,7 @@ pub struct GlobalCtxt<'tcx> {
     ///
     /// FIXME(Centril): consider `dyn LintStoreMarker` once
     /// we can upcast to `Any` for some additional type safety.
-    pub lint_store: Lrc<dyn Any + sync::Sync + sync::Send>,
+    pub lint_store: Lrc<dyn Any + sync::DynSync + sync::DynSend>,
 
     pub dep_graph: DepGraph,
 
@@ -513,7 +522,7 @@ pub struct GlobalCtxt<'tcx> {
 
     untracked: Untracked,
 
-    pub query_system: query::QuerySystem<'tcx>,
+    pub query_system: QuerySystem<'tcx>,
     pub(crate) query_kinds: &'tcx [DepKindStruct<'tcx>],
 
     // Internal caches for metadata decoding. No need to track deps on this.
@@ -648,14 +657,13 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
     /// reference to the context, to allow formatting values that need it.
     pub fn create_global_ctxt(
         s: &'tcx Session,
-        lint_store: Lrc<dyn Any + sync::Send + sync::Sync>,
+        lint_store: Lrc<dyn Any + sync::DynSend + sync::DynSync>,
         arena: &'tcx WorkerLocal<Arena<'tcx>>,
         hir_arena: &'tcx WorkerLocal<hir::Arena<'tcx>>,
         untracked: Untracked,
         dep_graph: DepGraph,
-        on_disk_cache: Option<OnDiskCache<'tcx>>,
         query_kinds: &'tcx [DepKindStruct<'tcx>],
-        query_system_fns: QuerySystemFns<'tcx>,
+        query_system: QuerySystem<'tcx>,
     ) -> GlobalCtxt<'tcx> {
         let data_layout = s.target.parse_data_layout().unwrap_or_else(|err| {
             s.emit_fatal(err);
@@ -677,7 +685,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
             lifetimes: common_lifetimes,
             consts: common_consts,
             untracked,
-            query_system: QuerySystem::new(query_system_fns, on_disk_cache),
+            query_system,
             query_kinds,
             ty_rcache: Default::default(),
             pred_rcache: Default::default(),
@@ -704,48 +712,24 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
     /// Constructs a `TyKind::Error` type and registers a `delay_span_bug` with the given `msg` to
     /// ensure it gets used.
     #[track_caller]
-    pub fn ty_error_with_message<S: Into<MultiSpan>>(self, span: S, msg: &str) -> Ty<'tcx> {
+    pub fn ty_error_with_message<S: Into<MultiSpan>>(
+        self,
+        span: S,
+        msg: impl Into<DiagnosticMessage>,
+    ) -> Ty<'tcx> {
         let reported = self.sess.delay_span_bug(span, msg);
         self.mk_ty_from_kind(Error(reported))
     }
 
-    /// Constructs a `RegionKind::ReError` lifetime.
-    #[track_caller]
-    pub fn mk_re_error(self, reported: ErrorGuaranteed) -> Region<'tcx> {
-        self.intern_region(ty::ReError(reported))
-    }
-
-    /// Constructs a `RegionKind::ReError` lifetime and registers a `delay_span_bug` to ensure it
-    /// gets used.
-    #[track_caller]
-    pub fn mk_re_error_misc(self) -> Region<'tcx> {
-        self.mk_re_error_with_message(
-            DUMMY_SP,
-            "RegionKind::ReError constructed but no error reported",
-        )
-    }
-
-    /// Constructs a `RegionKind::ReError` lifetime and registers a `delay_span_bug` with the given
-    /// `msg` to ensure it gets used.
-    #[track_caller]
-    pub fn mk_re_error_with_message<S: Into<MultiSpan>>(self, span: S, msg: &str) -> Region<'tcx> {
-        let reported = self.sess.delay_span_bug(span, msg);
-        self.mk_re_error(reported)
-    }
-
     /// Like [TyCtxt::ty_error] but for constants, with current `ErrorGuaranteed`
     #[track_caller]
-    pub fn const_error_with_guaranteed(
-        self,
-        ty: Ty<'tcx>,
-        reported: ErrorGuaranteed,
-    ) -> Const<'tcx> {
+    pub fn const_error(self, ty: Ty<'tcx>, reported: ErrorGuaranteed) -> Const<'tcx> {
         self.mk_const(ty::ConstKind::Error(reported), ty)
     }
 
     /// Like [TyCtxt::ty_error] but for constants.
     #[track_caller]
-    pub fn const_error(self, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> Const<'tcx> {
+    pub fn const_error_misc(self, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> Const<'tcx> {
         self.const_error_with_message(
             ty,
             DUMMY_SP,
@@ -759,7 +743,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
         self,
         ty: Ty<'tcx>,
         span: S,
-        msg: &str,
+        msg: &'static str,
     ) -> Const<'tcx> {
         let reported = self.sess.delay_span_bug(span, msg);
         self.mk_const(ty::ConstKind::Error(reported), ty)
@@ -1192,18 +1176,10 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
         self.limits(()).move_size_limit
     }
 
-    pub fn const_eval_limit(self) -> Limit {
-        if self.sess.opts.unstable_opts.tiny_const_eval_limit {
-            TINY_CONST_EVAL_LIMIT
-        } else {
-            self.limits(()).const_eval_limit
-        }
-    }
-
     pub fn all_traits(self) -> impl Iterator<Item = DefId> + 'tcx {
         iter::once(LOCAL_CRATE)
             .chain(self.crates(()).iter().copied())
-            .flat_map(move |cnum| self.traits_in_crate(cnum).iter().copied())
+            .flat_map(move |cnum| self.traits(cnum).iter().copied())
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -1515,15 +1491,17 @@ macro_rules! direct_interners {
 
 // Functions with a `mk_` prefix are intended for use outside this file and
 // crate. Functions with an `intern_` prefix are intended for use within this
-// file only, and have a corresponding `mk_` function.
+// crate only, and have a corresponding `mk_` function.
 direct_interners! {
-    region: intern_region(RegionKind<'tcx>): Region -> Region<'tcx>,
+    region: pub(crate) intern_region(RegionKind<'tcx>): Region -> Region<'tcx>,
     const_: intern_const(ConstData<'tcx>): Const -> Const<'tcx>,
     const_allocation: pub mk_const_alloc(Allocation): ConstAllocation -> ConstAllocation<'tcx>,
     layout: pub mk_layout(LayoutS): Layout -> Layout<'tcx>,
     adt_def: pub mk_adt_def_from_data(AdtDefData): AdtDef -> AdtDef<'tcx>,
     external_constraints: pub mk_external_constraints(ExternalConstraintsData<'tcx>):
         ExternalConstraints -> ExternalConstraints<'tcx>,
+    predefined_opaques_in_body: pub mk_predefined_opaques_in_body(PredefinedOpaquesData<'tcx>):
+        PredefinedOpaques -> PredefinedOpaques<'tcx>,
 }
 
 macro_rules! slice_interners {
@@ -1990,7 +1968,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
     pub fn mk_param_from_def(self, param: &ty::GenericParamDef) -> GenericArg<'tcx> {
         match param.kind {
             GenericParamDefKind::Lifetime => {
-                self.mk_re_early_bound(param.to_early_bound_region_data()).into()
+                ty::Region::new_early_bound(self, param.to_early_bound_region_data()).into()
             }
             GenericParamDefKind::Type { .. } => self.mk_ty_param(param.index, param.name).into(),
             GenericParamDefKind::Const { .. } => self
@@ -2030,65 +2008,6 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
         self.mk_alias(ty::Opaque, self.mk_alias_ty(def_id, substs))
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn mk_re_early_bound(self, early_bound_region: ty::EarlyBoundRegion) -> Region<'tcx> {
-        self.intern_region(ty::ReEarlyBound(early_bound_region))
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn mk_re_late_bound(
-        self,
-        debruijn: ty::DebruijnIndex,
-        bound_region: ty::BoundRegion,
-    ) -> Region<'tcx> {
-        // Use a pre-interned one when possible.
-        if let ty::BoundRegion { var, kind: ty::BrAnon(None) } = bound_region
-            && let Some(inner) = self.lifetimes.re_late_bounds.get(debruijn.as_usize())
-            && let Some(re) = inner.get(var.as_usize()).copied()
-        {
-            re
-        } else {
-            self.intern_region(ty::ReLateBound(debruijn, bound_region))
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn mk_re_free(self, scope: DefId, bound_region: ty::BoundRegionKind) -> Region<'tcx> {
-        self.intern_region(ty::ReFree(ty::FreeRegion { scope, bound_region }))
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn mk_re_var(self, v: ty::RegionVid) -> Region<'tcx> {
-        // Use a pre-interned one when possible.
-        self.lifetimes
-            .re_vars
-            .get(v.as_usize())
-            .copied()
-            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.intern_region(ty::ReVar(v)))
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn mk_re_placeholder(self, placeholder: ty::PlaceholderRegion) -> Region<'tcx> {
-        self.intern_region(ty::RePlaceholder(placeholder))
-    }
-
-    // Avoid this in favour of more specific `mk_re_*` methods, where possible,
-    // to avoid the cost of the `match`.
-    pub fn mk_region_from_kind(self, kind: ty::RegionKind<'tcx>) -> Region<'tcx> {
-        match kind {
-            ty::ReEarlyBound(region) => self.mk_re_early_bound(region),
-            ty::ReLateBound(debruijn, region) => self.mk_re_late_bound(debruijn, region),
-            ty::ReFree(ty::FreeRegion { scope, bound_region }) => {
-                self.mk_re_free(scope, bound_region)
-            }
-            ty::ReStatic => self.lifetimes.re_static,
-            ty::ReVar(vid) => self.mk_re_var(vid),
-            ty::RePlaceholder(region) => self.mk_re_placeholder(region),
-            ty::ReErased => self.lifetimes.re_erased,
-            ty::ReError(reported) => self.mk_re_error(reported),
-        }
-    }
-
     pub fn mk_place_field(self, place: Place<'tcx>, f: FieldIdx, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> Place<'tcx> {
         self.mk_place_elem(place, PlaceElem::Field(f, ty))
     }
@@ -2345,7 +2264,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
     }
 
     pub fn is_late_bound(self, id: HirId) -> bool {
-        self.is_late_bound_map(id.owner).map_or(false, |set| set.contains(&id.local_id))
+        self.is_late_bound_map(id.owner).is_some_and(|set| set.contains(&id.local_id))
     }
 
     pub fn late_bound_vars(self, id: HirId) -> &'tcx List<ty::BoundVariableKind> {
@@ -2441,7 +2360,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxtAt<'tcx> {
     /// Constructs a `TyKind::Error` type and registers a `delay_span_bug` with the given `msg` to
     /// ensure it gets used.
     #[track_caller]
-    pub fn ty_error_with_message(self, msg: &str) -> Ty<'tcx> {
+    pub fn ty_error_with_message(self, msg: impl Into<DiagnosticMessage>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
         self.tcx.ty_error_with_message(self.span, msg)
     }
 }
@@ -2461,7 +2380,7 @@ pub struct DeducedParamAttrs {
     pub read_only: bool,
 }
 
-pub fn provide(providers: &mut ty::query::Providers) {
+pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
     providers.maybe_unused_trait_imports =
         |tcx, ()| &tcx.resolutions(()).maybe_unused_trait_imports;
     providers.names_imported_by_glob_use = |tcx, id| {
@@ -2478,7 +2397,7 @@ pub fn provide(providers: &mut ty::query::Providers) {
         |tcx, LocalCrate| attr::contains_name(tcx.hir().krate_attrs(), sym::compiler_builtins);
     providers.has_panic_handler = |tcx, LocalCrate| {
         // We want to check if the panic handler was defined in this crate
-        tcx.lang_items().panic_impl().map_or(false, |did| did.is_local())
+        tcx.lang_items().panic_impl().is_some_and(|did| did.is_local())
     };
     providers.source_span = |tcx, def_id| tcx.untracked.source_span.get(def_id).unwrap_or(DUMMY_SP);
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context/tls.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context/tls.rs
index fb0d909307e..9de77b9fda1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context/tls.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context/tls.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use super::{GlobalCtxt, TyCtxt};
 
 use crate::dep_graph::TaskDepsRef;
-use crate::ty::query;
+use crate::query::plumbing::QueryJobId;
 use rustc_data_structures::sync::{self, Lock};
 use rustc_errors::Diagnostic;
 #[cfg(not(parallel_compiler))]
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ pub struct ImplicitCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
 
     /// The current query job, if any. This is updated by `JobOwner::start` in
     /// `ty::query::plumbing` when executing a query.
-    pub query: Option<query::QueryJobId>,
+    pub query: Option<QueryJobId>,
 
     /// Where to store diagnostics for the current query job, if any.
     /// This is updated by `JobOwner::start` in `ty::query::plumbing` when executing a query.
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ where
 {
     TLV.with(|tlv| {
         let old = tlv.replace(erase(context));
-        let _reset = rustc_data_structures::OnDrop(move || tlv.set(old));
+        let _reset = rustc_data_structures::defer(move || tlv.set(old));
         f()
     })
 }
@@ -94,8 +94,8 @@ where
         f(None)
     } else {
         // We could get an `ImplicitCtxt` pointer from another thread.
-        // Ensure that `ImplicitCtxt` is `Sync`.
-        sync::assert_sync::<ImplicitCtxt<'_, '_>>();
+        // Ensure that `ImplicitCtxt` is `DynSync`.
+        sync::assert_dyn_sync::<ImplicitCtxt<'_, '_>>();
 
         unsafe { f(Some(downcast(context))) }
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/diagnostics.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/diagnostics.rs
index 6a29063b80d..9c91b778403 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/diagnostics.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/diagnostics.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 //! Diagnostics related methods for `Ty`.
 
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::ops::ControlFlow;
 
 use crate::ty::{
@@ -384,22 +385,18 @@ pub fn suggest_constraining_type_params<'a>(
 
     if suggestions.len() == 1 {
         let (span, suggestion, msg) = suggestions.pop().unwrap();
-
-        let s;
         let msg = match msg {
             SuggestChangingConstraintsMessage::RestrictBoundFurther => {
-                "consider further restricting this bound"
+                Cow::from("consider further restricting this bound")
             }
             SuggestChangingConstraintsMessage::RestrictType { ty } => {
-                s = format!("consider restricting type parameter `{}`", ty);
-                &s
+                Cow::from(format!("consider restricting type parameter `{}`", ty))
             }
             SuggestChangingConstraintsMessage::RestrictTypeFurther { ty } => {
-                s = format!("consider further restricting type parameter `{}`", ty);
-                &s
+                Cow::from(format!("consider further restricting type parameter `{}`", ty))
             }
             SuggestChangingConstraintsMessage::RemovingQSized => {
-                "consider removing the `?Sized` bound to make the type parameter `Sized`"
+                Cow::from("consider removing the `?Sized` bound to make the type parameter `Sized`")
             }
         };
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/erase_regions.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/erase_regions.rs
index ad930d1e6b6..7895993ccff 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/erase_regions.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/erase_regions.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
+use crate::query::Providers;
 use crate::ty::fold::{TypeFoldable, TypeFolder, TypeSuperFoldable};
 use crate::ty::{self, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeFlags, TypeVisitableExt};
 
-pub(super) fn provide(providers: &mut ty::query::Providers) {
-    *providers = ty::query::Providers { erase_regions_ty, ..*providers };
+pub(super) fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
+    *providers = Providers { erase_regions_ty, ..*providers };
 }
 
 fn erase_regions_ty<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/error.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/error.rs
index 49ab9b79e96..66293f19eef 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/error.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/error.rs
@@ -45,7 +45,6 @@ pub enum TypeError<'tcx> {
 
     RegionsDoesNotOutlive(Region<'tcx>, Region<'tcx>),
     RegionsInsufficientlyPolymorphic(BoundRegionKind, Region<'tcx>),
-    RegionsOverlyPolymorphic(BoundRegionKind, Region<'tcx>),
     RegionsPlaceholderMismatch,
 
     Sorts(ExpectedFound<Ty<'tcx>>),
@@ -74,7 +73,6 @@ impl TypeError<'_> {
         match self {
             TypeError::RegionsDoesNotOutlive(_, _)
             | TypeError::RegionsInsufficientlyPolymorphic(_, _)
-            | TypeError::RegionsOverlyPolymorphic(_, _)
             | TypeError::RegionsPlaceholderMismatch => true,
             _ => false,
         }
@@ -98,11 +96,6 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeError<'tcx> {
             }
         }
 
-        let br_string = |br: ty::BoundRegionKind| match br {
-            ty::BrNamed(_, name) => format!(" {}", name),
-            _ => String::new(),
-        };
-
         match self {
             CyclicTy(_) => "cyclic type of infinite size".into(),
             CyclicConst(_) => "encountered a self-referencing constant".into(),
@@ -144,11 +137,6 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeError<'tcx> {
             RegionsInsufficientlyPolymorphic(..) => {
                 "one type is more general than the other".into()
             }
-            RegionsOverlyPolymorphic(br, _) => format!(
-                "expected concrete lifetime, found bound lifetime parameter{}",
-                br_string(br)
-            )
-            .into(),
             RegionsPlaceholderMismatch => "one type is more general than the other".into(),
             ArgumentSorts(values, _) | Sorts(values) => {
                 let expected = values.expected.sort_string(tcx);
@@ -228,7 +216,6 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeError<'tcx> {
             | FieldMisMatch(..)
             | RegionsDoesNotOutlive(..)
             | RegionsInsufficientlyPolymorphic(..)
-            | RegionsOverlyPolymorphic(..)
             | RegionsPlaceholderMismatch
             | Traits(_)
             | ProjectionMismatched(_)
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/fold.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/fold.rs
index 25890eb15cd..149ce29b8d9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/fold.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/fold.rs
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ where
                     // debruijn index. Then we adjust it to the
                     // correct depth.
                     assert_eq!(debruijn1, ty::INNERMOST);
-                    self.tcx.mk_re_late_bound(debruijn, br)
+                    ty::Region::new_late_bound(self.tcx, debruijn, br)
                 } else {
                     region
                 }
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
         T: TypeFoldable<TyCtxt<'tcx>>,
     {
         self.replace_late_bound_regions_uncached(value, |br| {
-            self.mk_re_free(all_outlive_scope, br.kind)
+            ty::Region::new_free(self, all_outlive_scope, br.kind)
         })
     }
 
@@ -341,7 +341,8 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
             value,
             FnMutDelegate {
                 regions: &mut |r: ty::BoundRegion| {
-                    self.mk_re_late_bound(
+                    ty::Region::new_late_bound(
+                        self,
                         ty::INNERMOST,
                         ty::BoundRegion { var: shift_bv(r.var), kind: r.kind },
                     )
@@ -383,7 +384,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
                     .or_insert_with(|| ty::BoundVariableKind::Region(ty::BrAnon(None)))
                     .expect_region();
                 let br = ty::BoundRegion { var, kind };
-                self.tcx.mk_re_late_bound(ty::INNERMOST, br)
+                ty::Region::new_late_bound(self.tcx, ty::INNERMOST, br)
             }
             fn replace_ty(&mut self, bt: ty::BoundTy) -> Ty<'tcx> {
                 let entry = self.map.entry(bt.var);
@@ -451,7 +452,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeFolder<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for Shifter<'tcx> {
         match *r {
             ty::ReLateBound(debruijn, br) if debruijn >= self.current_index => {
                 let debruijn = debruijn.shifted_in(self.amount);
-                self.tcx.mk_re_late_bound(debruijn, br)
+                ty::Region::new_late_bound(self.tcx, debruijn, br)
             }
             _ => r,
         }
@@ -492,7 +493,7 @@ pub fn shift_region<'tcx>(
 ) -> ty::Region<'tcx> {
     match *region {
         ty::ReLateBound(debruijn, br) if amount > 0 => {
-            tcx.mk_re_late_bound(debruijn.shifted_in(amount), br)
+            ty::Region::new_late_bound(tcx, debruijn.shifted_in(amount), br)
         }
         _ => region,
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/generics.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/generics.rs
index baef4ffeda7..30f92b91cb7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/generics.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/generics.rs
@@ -100,10 +100,10 @@ impl GenericParamDef {
         preceding_substs: &[ty::GenericArg<'tcx>],
     ) -> ty::GenericArg<'tcx> {
         match &self.kind {
-            ty::GenericParamDefKind::Lifetime => tcx.mk_re_error_misc().into(),
+            ty::GenericParamDefKind::Lifetime => ty::Region::new_error_misc(tcx).into(),
             ty::GenericParamDefKind::Type { .. } => tcx.ty_error_misc().into(),
             ty::GenericParamDefKind::Const { .. } => {
-                tcx.const_error(tcx.type_of(self.def_id).subst(tcx, preceding_substs)).into()
+                tcx.const_error_misc(tcx.type_of(self.def_id).subst(tcx, preceding_substs)).into()
             }
         }
     }
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Generics {
             .iter()
             .rev()
             .take_while(|param| {
-                param.default_value(tcx).map_or(false, |default| {
+                param.default_value(tcx).is_some_and(|default| {
                     default.subst(tcx, substs) == substs[param.index as usize]
                 })
             })
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ impl<'tcx> GenericPredicates<'tcx> {
         substs: SubstsRef<'tcx>,
     ) -> impl Iterator<Item = (Predicate<'tcx>, Span)> + DoubleEndedIterator + ExactSizeIterator
     {
-        EarlyBinder(self.predicates).subst_iter_copied(tcx, substs)
+        EarlyBinder::bind(self.predicates).subst_iter_copied(tcx, substs)
     }
 
     #[instrument(level = "debug", skip(self, tcx))]
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ impl<'tcx> GenericPredicates<'tcx> {
         }
         instantiated
             .predicates
-            .extend(self.predicates.iter().map(|(p, _)| EarlyBinder(*p).subst(tcx, substs)));
+            .extend(self.predicates.iter().map(|(p, _)| EarlyBinder::bind(*p).subst(tcx, substs)));
         instantiated.spans.extend(self.predicates.iter().map(|(_, sp)| *sp));
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/inhabitedness/inhabited_predicate.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/inhabitedness/inhabited_predicate.rs
index ac42d6e0510..d48672b2baa 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/inhabitedness/inhabited_predicate.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/inhabitedness/inhabited_predicate.rs
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ impl<'tcx> InhabitedPredicate<'tcx> {
     fn subst_opt(self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, substs: ty::SubstsRef<'tcx>) -> Option<Self> {
         match self {
             Self::ConstIsZero(c) => {
-                let c = ty::EarlyBinder(c).subst(tcx, substs);
+                let c = ty::EarlyBinder::bind(c).subst(tcx, substs);
                 let pred = match c.kind().try_to_target_usize(tcx) {
                     Some(0) => Self::True,
                     Some(1..) => Self::False,
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ impl<'tcx> InhabitedPredicate<'tcx> {
                 Some(pred)
             }
             Self::GenericType(t) => {
-                Some(ty::EarlyBinder(t).subst(tcx, substs).inhabited_predicate(tcx))
+                Some(ty::EarlyBinder::bind(t).subst(tcx, substs).inhabited_predicate(tcx))
             }
             Self::And(&[a, b]) => match a.subst_opt(tcx, substs) {
                 None => b.subst_opt(tcx, substs).map(|b| a.and(tcx, b)),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/inhabitedness/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/inhabitedness/mod.rs
index 9e672004cf9..4223502848e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/inhabitedness/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/inhabitedness/mod.rs
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 //! This code should only compile in modules where the uninhabitedness of `Foo`
 //! is visible.
 
+use crate::query::Providers;
 use crate::ty::context::TyCtxt;
 use crate::ty::{self, DefId, Ty, VariantDef, Visibility};
 
@@ -52,9 +53,8 @@ pub mod inhabited_predicate;
 
 pub use inhabited_predicate::InhabitedPredicate;
 
-pub(crate) fn provide(providers: &mut ty::query::Providers) {
-    *providers =
-        ty::query::Providers { inhabited_predicate_adt, inhabited_predicate_type, ..*providers };
+pub(crate) fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
+    *providers = Providers { inhabited_predicate_adt, inhabited_predicate_type, ..*providers };
 }
 
 /// Returns an `InhabitedPredicate` that is generic over type parameters and
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/instance.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/instance.rs
index 8c69894f5ba..e641d1ef1be 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/instance.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/instance.rs
@@ -659,7 +659,7 @@ fn polymorphize<'tcx>(
     } else {
         None
     };
-    let has_upvars = upvars_ty.map_or(false, |ty| !ty.tuple_fields().is_empty());
+    let has_upvars = upvars_ty.is_some_and(|ty| !ty.tuple_fields().is_empty());
     debug!("polymorphize: upvars_ty={:?} has_upvars={:?}", upvars_ty, has_upvars);
 
     struct PolymorphizationFolder<'tcx> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/layout.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/layout.rs
index 47cf48f46cf..b5a743cfe34 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/layout.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/layout.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use crate::fluent_generated as fluent;
 use crate::middle::codegen_fn_attrs::CodegenFnAttrFlags;
+use crate::query::TyCtxtAt;
 use crate::ty::normalize_erasing_regions::NormalizationError;
 use crate::ty::{self, ReprOptions, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeVisitableExt};
 use rustc_errors::{DiagnosticBuilder, Handler, IntoDiagnostic};
@@ -268,7 +269,7 @@ pub struct LayoutCx<'tcx, C> {
 impl<'tcx> LayoutCalculator for LayoutCx<'tcx, TyCtxt<'tcx>> {
     type TargetDataLayoutRef = &'tcx TargetDataLayout;
 
-    fn delay_bug(&self, txt: &str) {
+    fn delay_bug(&self, txt: String) {
         self.tcx.sess.delay_span_bug(DUMMY_SP, txt);
     }
 
@@ -543,20 +544,20 @@ impl<'tcx> HasTyCtxt<'tcx> for TyCtxt<'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tcx> HasDataLayout for ty::query::TyCtxtAt<'tcx> {
+impl<'tcx> HasDataLayout for TyCtxtAt<'tcx> {
     #[inline]
     fn data_layout(&self) -> &TargetDataLayout {
         &self.data_layout
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tcx> HasTargetSpec for ty::query::TyCtxtAt<'tcx> {
+impl<'tcx> HasTargetSpec for TyCtxtAt<'tcx> {
     fn target_spec(&self) -> &Target {
         &self.sess.target
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tcx> HasTyCtxt<'tcx> for ty::query::TyCtxtAt<'tcx> {
+impl<'tcx> HasTyCtxt<'tcx> for TyCtxtAt<'tcx> {
     #[inline]
     fn tcx(&self) -> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
         **self
@@ -683,7 +684,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LayoutOfHelpers<'tcx> for LayoutCx<'tcx, TyCtxt<'tcx>> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tcx> LayoutOfHelpers<'tcx> for LayoutCx<'tcx, ty::query::TyCtxtAt<'tcx>> {
+impl<'tcx> LayoutOfHelpers<'tcx> for LayoutCx<'tcx, TyCtxtAt<'tcx>> {
     type LayoutOfResult = Result<TyAndLayout<'tcx>, LayoutError<'tcx>>;
 
     #[inline]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/list.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/list.rs
index 30f036e471c..71911a5a618 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/list.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/list.rs
@@ -199,6 +199,12 @@ impl<'a, T: Copy> IntoIterator for &'a List<T> {
 
 unsafe impl<T: Sync> Sync for List<T> {}
 
+// We need this since `List` uses extern type `OpaqueListContents`.
+#[cfg(parallel_compiler)]
+use rustc_data_structures::sync::DynSync;
+#[cfg(parallel_compiler)]
+unsafe impl<T: DynSync> DynSync for List<T> {}
+
 // Safety:
 // Layouts of `Equivalent<T>` and `List<T>` are the same, modulo opaque tail,
 // thus aligns of `Equivalent<T>` and `List<T>` must be the same.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/mod.rs
index f882f54d628..72341e656e2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/mod.rs
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ use crate::error::{OpaqueHiddenTypeMismatch, TypeMismatchReason};
 use crate::metadata::ModChild;
 use crate::middle::privacy::EffectiveVisibilities;
 use crate::mir::{Body, GeneratorLayout};
+use crate::query::Providers;
 use crate::traits::{self, Reveal};
 use crate::ty;
 use crate::ty::fast_reject::SimplifiedType;
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ use rustc_data_structures::intern::Interned;
 use rustc_data_structures::stable_hasher::{HashStable, StableHasher};
 use rustc_data_structures::steal::Steal;
 use rustc_data_structures::tagged_ptr::CopyTaggedPtr;
-use rustc_errors::ErrorGuaranteed;
+use rustc_errors::{DiagnosticBuilder, ErrorGuaranteed, StashKey};
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def::{CtorKind, CtorOf, DefKind, DocLinkResMap, LifetimeRes, Res};
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{CrateNum, DefId, DefIdMap, LocalDefId, LocalDefIdMap};
@@ -52,7 +53,6 @@ use rustc_span::symbol::{kw, sym, Ident, Symbol};
 use rustc_span::{ExpnId, ExpnKind, Span};
 use rustc_target::abi::{Align, FieldIdx, Integer, IntegerType, VariantIdx};
 pub use rustc_target::abi::{ReprFlags, ReprOptions};
-use rustc_type_ir::WithCachedTypeInfo;
 pub use subst::*;
 pub use vtable::*;
 
@@ -121,7 +121,6 @@ pub mod inhabitedness;
 pub mod layout;
 pub mod normalize_erasing_regions;
 pub mod print;
-pub mod query;
 pub mod relate;
 pub mod subst;
 pub mod trait_def;
@@ -145,6 +144,7 @@ mod opaque_types;
 mod parameterized;
 mod rvalue_scopes;
 mod structural_impls;
+#[cfg_attr(not(bootstrap), allow(hidden_glob_reexports))]
 mod sty;
 mod typeck_results;
 
@@ -764,7 +764,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Predicate<'tcx> {
         let shifted_pred =
             tcx.shift_bound_var_indices(trait_bound_vars.len(), bound_pred.skip_binder());
         // 2) Self: Bar1<'a, '^0.1> -> T: Bar1<'^0.0, '^0.1>
-        let new = EarlyBinder(shifted_pred).subst(tcx, trait_ref.skip_binder().substs);
+        let new = EarlyBinder::bind(shifted_pred).subst(tcx, trait_ref.skip_binder().substs);
         // 3) ['x] + ['b] -> ['x, 'b]
         let bound_vars =
             tcx.mk_bound_variable_kinds_from_iter(trait_bound_vars.iter().chain(pred_bound_vars));
@@ -996,17 +996,11 @@ impl<'tcx> Term<'tcx> {
         }
     }
 
-    /// This function returns the inner `AliasTy` if this term is a projection.
-    ///
-    /// FIXME: rename `AliasTy` to `AliasTerm` and make sure we correctly
-    /// deal with constants.
-    pub fn to_projection_term(&self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> Option<AliasTy<'tcx>> {
+    /// This function returns the inner `AliasTy` for a `ty::Alias` or `ConstKind::Unevaluated`.
+    pub fn to_alias_ty(&self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> Option<AliasTy<'tcx>> {
         match self.unpack() {
-            TermKind::Ty(ty) => match ty.kind() {
-                ty::Alias(kind, alias_ty) => match kind {
-                    AliasKind::Projection | AliasKind::Inherent => Some(*alias_ty),
-                    AliasKind::Opaque => None,
-                },
+            TermKind::Ty(ty) => match *ty.kind() {
+                ty::Alias(_kind, alias_ty) => Some(alias_ty),
                 _ => None,
             },
             TermKind::Const(ct) => match ct.kind() {
@@ -1070,6 +1064,24 @@ impl ParamTerm {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
+pub enum TermVid<'tcx> {
+    Ty(ty::TyVid),
+    Const(ty::ConstVid<'tcx>),
+}
+
+impl From<ty::TyVid> for TermVid<'_> {
+    fn from(value: ty::TyVid) -> Self {
+        TermVid::Ty(value)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'tcx> From<ty::ConstVid<'tcx>> for TermVid<'tcx> {
+    fn from(value: ty::ConstVid<'tcx>) -> Self {
+        TermVid::Const(value)
+    }
+}
+
 /// This kind of predicate has no *direct* correspondent in the
 /// syntax, but it roughly corresponds to the syntactic forms:
 ///
@@ -1421,14 +1433,26 @@ pub struct OpaqueHiddenType<'tcx> {
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> OpaqueHiddenType<'tcx> {
-    pub fn report_mismatch(&self, other: &Self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> ErrorGuaranteed {
+    pub fn report_mismatch(
+        &self,
+        other: &Self,
+        opaque_def_id: LocalDefId,
+        tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+    ) -> DiagnosticBuilder<'tcx, ErrorGuaranteed> {
+        if let Some(diag) = tcx
+            .sess
+            .diagnostic()
+            .steal_diagnostic(tcx.def_span(opaque_def_id), StashKey::OpaqueHiddenTypeMismatch)
+        {
+            diag.cancel();
+        }
         // Found different concrete types for the opaque type.
         let sub_diag = if self.span == other.span {
             TypeMismatchReason::ConflictType { span: self.span }
         } else {
             TypeMismatchReason::PreviousUse { span: self.span }
         };
-        tcx.sess.emit_err(OpaqueHiddenTypeMismatch {
+        tcx.sess.create_err(OpaqueHiddenTypeMismatch {
             self_ty: self.ty,
             other_ty: other.ty,
             other_span: other.span,
@@ -1472,7 +1496,7 @@ impl<'tcx> OpaqueHiddenType<'tcx> {
 /// identified by both a universe, as well as a name residing within that universe. Distinct bound
 /// regions/types/consts within the same universe simply have an unknown relationship to one
 /// another.
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
 #[derive(HashStable, TyEncodable, TyDecodable)]
 pub struct Placeholder<T> {
     pub universe: UniverseIndex,
@@ -1864,7 +1888,20 @@ impl PartialEq for VariantDef {
 
         let Self { def_id: lhs_def_id, ctor: _, name: _, discr: _, fields: _, flags: _ } = &self;
         let Self { def_id: rhs_def_id, ctor: _, name: _, discr: _, fields: _, flags: _ } = other;
-        lhs_def_id == rhs_def_id
+
+        let res = lhs_def_id == rhs_def_id;
+
+        // Double check that implicit assumption detailed above.
+        if cfg!(debug_assertions) && res {
+            let deep = self.ctor == other.ctor
+                && self.name == other.name
+                && self.discr == other.discr
+                && self.fields == other.fields
+                && self.flags == other.flags;
+            assert!(deep, "VariantDef for the same def-id has differing data");
+        }
+
+        res
     }
 }
 
@@ -1919,7 +1956,15 @@ impl PartialEq for FieldDef {
 
         let Self { did: rhs_did, name: _, vis: _ } = other;
 
-        lhs_did == rhs_did
+        let res = lhs_did == rhs_did;
+
+        // Double check that implicit assumption detailed above.
+        if cfg!(debug_assertions) && res {
+            let deep = self.name == other.name && self.vis == other.vis;
+            assert!(deep, "FieldDef for the same def-id has differing data");
+        }
+
+        res
     }
 }
 
@@ -2169,8 +2214,8 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
         let impl_trait_ref2 = self.impl_trait_ref(def_id2);
         // If either trait impl references an error, they're allowed to overlap,
         // as one of them essentially doesn't exist.
-        if impl_trait_ref1.map_or(false, |tr| tr.subst_identity().references_error())
-            || impl_trait_ref2.map_or(false, |tr| tr.subst_identity().references_error())
+        if impl_trait_ref1.is_some_and(|tr| tr.subst_identity().references_error())
+            || impl_trait_ref2.is_some_and(|tr| tr.subst_identity().references_error())
         {
             return Some(ImplOverlapKind::Permitted { marker: false });
         }
@@ -2191,7 +2236,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
 
         let is_marker_overlap = {
             let is_marker_impl = |trait_ref: Option<EarlyBinder<TraitRef<'_>>>| -> bool {
-                trait_ref.map_or(false, |tr| self.trait_def(tr.skip_binder().def_id).is_marker)
+                trait_ref.is_some_and(|tr| self.trait_def(tr.skip_binder().def_id).is_marker)
             };
             is_marker_impl(impl_trait_ref1) && is_marker_impl(impl_trait_ref2)
         };
@@ -2443,9 +2488,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
             && if self.features().collapse_debuginfo {
                 span.in_macro_expansion_with_collapse_debuginfo()
             } else {
-                // Inlined spans should not be collapsed as that leads to all of the
-                // inlined code being attributed to the inline callsite.
-                span.from_expansion() && !span.is_inlined()
+                span.from_expansion()
             }
     }
 
@@ -2476,6 +2519,18 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Returns the `DefId` of the item within which the `impl Trait` is declared.
+    /// For type-alias-impl-trait this is the `type` alias.
+    /// For impl-trait-in-assoc-type this is the assoc type.
+    /// For return-position-impl-trait this is the function.
+    pub fn impl_trait_parent(self, mut def_id: LocalDefId) -> LocalDefId {
+        // Find the surrounding item (type alias or assoc type)
+        while let DefKind::OpaqueTy = self.def_kind(def_id) {
+            def_id = self.local_parent(def_id);
+        }
+        def_id
+    }
+
     pub fn impl_method_has_trait_impl_trait_tys(self, def_id: DefId) -> bool {
         if self.def_kind(def_id) != DefKind::AssocFn {
             return false;
@@ -2520,7 +2575,7 @@ pub fn is_impl_trait_defn(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> Option<LocalDefId>
                 hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::FnReturn(parent) | hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::AsyncFn(parent) => {
                     Some(parent)
                 }
-                hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias => None,
+                hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias { .. } => None,
             };
         }
     }
@@ -2578,7 +2633,7 @@ pub fn ast_uint_ty(uty: UintTy) -> ast::UintTy {
     }
 }
 
-pub fn provide(providers: &mut ty::query::Providers) {
+pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
     closure::provide(providers);
     context::provide(providers);
     erase_regions::provide(providers);
@@ -2587,7 +2642,7 @@ pub fn provide(providers: &mut ty::query::Providers) {
     print::provide(providers);
     super::util::bug::provide(providers);
     super::middle::provide(providers);
-    *providers = ty::query::Providers {
+    *providers = Providers {
         trait_impls_of: trait_def::trait_impls_of_provider,
         incoherent_impls: trait_def::incoherent_impls_provider,
         const_param_default: consts::const_param_default,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/normalize_erasing_regions.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/normalize_erasing_regions.rs
index 9332b0430ff..a0c8d299f48 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/normalize_erasing_regions.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/normalize_erasing_regions.rs
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
     ///
     /// This should only be used outside of type inference. For example,
     /// it assumes that normalization will succeed.
-    #[tracing::instrument(level = "debug", skip(self, param_env))]
+    #[tracing::instrument(level = "debug", skip(self, param_env), ret)]
     pub fn normalize_erasing_regions<T>(self, param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>, value: T) -> T
     where
         T: TypeFoldable<TyCtxt<'tcx>>,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/opaque_types.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/opaque_types.rs
index 72710b78c93..d1ed7be3d2e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/opaque_types.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/opaque_types.rs
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeFolder<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for ReverseMapper<'tcx> {
                     )
                     .emit();
 
-                self.interner().mk_re_error(e)
+                ty::Region::new_error(self.interner(), e)
             }
         }
     }
@@ -207,14 +207,16 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeFolder<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for ReverseMapper<'tcx> {
                     Some(GenericArgKind::Const(c1)) => c1,
                     Some(u) => panic!("const mapped to unexpected kind: {:?}", u),
                     None => {
-                        if !self.ignore_errors {
-                            self.tcx.sess.emit_err(ConstNotUsedTraitAlias {
+                        let guar = self
+                            .tcx
+                            .sess
+                            .create_err(ConstNotUsedTraitAlias {
                                 ct: ct.to_string(),
                                 span: self.span,
-                            });
-                        }
+                            })
+                            .emit_unless(self.ignore_errors);
 
-                        self.interner().const_error(ct.ty())
+                        self.interner().const_error(ct.ty(), guar)
                     }
                 }
             }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/parameterized.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/parameterized.rs
index 810c388ebbe..a2e77d9cdfe 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/parameterized.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/parameterized.rs
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ trivially_parameterized_over_tcx! {
     std::string::String,
     crate::metadata::ModChild,
     crate::middle::codegen_fn_attrs::CodegenFnAttrs,
+    crate::middle::debugger_visualizer::DebuggerVisualizerFile,
     crate::middle::exported_symbols::SymbolExportInfo,
     crate::middle::resolve_bound_vars::ObjectLifetimeDefault,
     crate::mir::ConstQualifs,
@@ -91,7 +92,6 @@ trivially_parameterized_over_tcx! {
     rustc_session::cstore::ForeignModule,
     rustc_session::cstore::LinkagePreference,
     rustc_session::cstore::NativeLib,
-    rustc_span::DebuggerVisualizerFile,
     rustc_span::ExpnData,
     rustc_span::ExpnHash,
     rustc_span::ExpnId,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/print/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/print/mod.rs
index 64e7480e626..2de0a3f75dc 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/print/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/print/mod.rs
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ pub trait Printer<'tcx>: Sized {
                         impl_trait_ref.map(|i| i.subst(self.tcx(), substs)),
                     )
                 } else {
-                    (self_ty.0, impl_trait_ref.map(|i| i.0))
+                    (self_ty.subst_identity(), impl_trait_ref.map(|i| i.subst_identity()))
                 };
                 self.print_impl_path(def_id, substs, self_ty, impl_trait_ref)
             }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/print/pretty.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/print/pretty.rs
index 926172ff828..6156fdf7eac 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/print/pretty.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/print/pretty.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use crate::mir::interpret::{AllocRange, GlobalAlloc, Pointer, Provenance, Scalar};
-use crate::ty::query::IntoQueryParam;
+use crate::query::IntoQueryParam;
+use crate::query::Providers;
 use crate::ty::{
     self, ConstInt, ParamConst, ScalarInt, Term, TermKind, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeFoldable,
     TypeSuperFoldable, TypeSuperVisitable, TypeVisitable, TypeVisitableExt,
@@ -183,7 +184,7 @@ impl<'tcx> RegionHighlightMode<'tcx> {
 
     /// Convenience wrapper for `highlighting_region`.
     pub fn highlighting_region_vid(&mut self, vid: ty::RegionVid, number: usize) {
-        self.highlighting_region(self.tcx.mk_re_var(vid), number)
+        self.highlighting_region(ty::Region::new_var(self.tcx, vid), number)
     }
 
     /// Returns `Some(n)` with the number to use for the given region, if any.
@@ -684,29 +685,30 @@ pub trait PrettyPrinter<'tcx>:
             }
             ty::FnPtr(ref bare_fn) => p!(print(bare_fn)),
             ty::Infer(infer_ty) => {
-                let verbose = self.should_print_verbose();
+                if self.should_print_verbose() {
+                    p!(write("{:?}", ty.kind()));
+                    return Ok(self);
+                }
+
                 if let ty::TyVar(ty_vid) = infer_ty {
                     if let Some(name) = self.ty_infer_name(ty_vid) {
                         p!(write("{}", name))
                     } else {
-                        if verbose {
-                            p!(write("{:?}", infer_ty))
-                        } else {
-                            p!(write("{}", infer_ty))
-                        }
+                        p!(write("{}", infer_ty))
                     }
                 } else {
-                    if verbose { p!(write("{:?}", infer_ty)) } else { p!(write("{}", infer_ty)) }
+                    p!(write("{}", infer_ty))
                 }
             }
-            ty::Error(_) => p!("[type error]"),
+            ty::Error(_) => p!("{{type error}}"),
             ty::Param(ref param_ty) => p!(print(param_ty)),
             ty::Bound(debruijn, bound_ty) => match bound_ty.kind {
-                ty::BoundTyKind::Anon => self.pretty_print_bound_var(debruijn, bound_ty.var)?,
+                ty::BoundTyKind::Anon => {
+                    rustc_type_ir::debug_bound_var(&mut self, debruijn, bound_ty.var)?
+                }
                 ty::BoundTyKind::Param(_, s) => match self.should_print_verbose() {
-                    true if debruijn == ty::INNERMOST => p!(write("^{}", s)),
-                    true => p!(write("^{}_{}", debruijn.index(), s)),
-                    false => p!(write("{}", s)),
+                    true => p!(write("{:?}", ty.kind())),
+                    false => p!(write("{s}")),
                 },
             },
             ty::Adt(def, substs) => {
@@ -739,10 +741,11 @@ pub trait PrettyPrinter<'tcx>:
                 }
             }
             ty::Placeholder(placeholder) => match placeholder.bound.kind {
-                ty::BoundTyKind::Anon => {
-                    self.pretty_print_placeholder_var(placeholder.universe, placeholder.bound.var)?
-                }
-                ty::BoundTyKind::Param(_, name) => p!(write("{}", name)),
+                ty::BoundTyKind::Anon => p!(write("{placeholder:?}")),
+                ty::BoundTyKind::Param(_, name) => match self.should_print_verbose() {
+                    true => p!(write("{:?}", ty.kind())),
+                    false => p!(write("{name}")),
+                },
             },
             ty::Alias(ty::Opaque, ty::AliasTy { def_id, substs, .. }) => {
                 // We use verbose printing in 'NO_QUERIES' mode, to
@@ -1163,28 +1166,20 @@ pub trait PrettyPrinter<'tcx>:
         traits.entry(trait_ref).or_default().extend(proj_ty);
     }
 
-    fn pretty_print_bound_var(
-        &mut self,
-        debruijn: ty::DebruijnIndex,
-        var: ty::BoundVar,
-    ) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
-        if debruijn == ty::INNERMOST {
-            write!(self, "^{}", var.index())
-        } else {
-            write!(self, "^{}_{}", debruijn.index(), var.index())
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn pretty_print_placeholder_var(
-        &mut self,
-        ui: ty::UniverseIndex,
-        var: ty::BoundVar,
-    ) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
-        if ui == ty::UniverseIndex::ROOT {
-            write!(self, "!{}", var.index())
-        } else {
-            write!(self, "!{}_{}", ui.index(), var.index())
-        }
+    fn pretty_print_inherent_projection(
+        self,
+        alias_ty: &ty::AliasTy<'tcx>,
+    ) -> Result<Self::Path, Self::Error> {
+        let def_key = self.tcx().def_key(alias_ty.def_id);
+        self.path_generic_args(
+            |cx| {
+                cx.path_append(
+                    |cx| cx.path_qualified(alias_ty.self_ty(), None),
+                    &def_key.disambiguated_data,
+                )
+            },
+            &alias_ty.substs[1..],
+        )
     }
 
     fn ty_infer_name(&self, _: ty::TyVid) -> Option<Symbol> {
@@ -1320,7 +1315,7 @@ pub trait PrettyPrinter<'tcx>:
         define_scoped_cx!(self);
 
         if self.should_print_verbose() {
-            p!(write("Const({:?}: {:?})", ct.kind(), ct.ty()));
+            p!(write("{:?}", ct));
             return Ok(self);
         }
 
@@ -1379,13 +1374,13 @@ pub trait PrettyPrinter<'tcx>:
             }
 
             ty::ConstKind::Bound(debruijn, bound_var) => {
-                self.pretty_print_bound_var(debruijn, bound_var)?
+                rustc_type_ir::debug_bound_var(&mut self, debruijn, bound_var)?
             }
-            ty::ConstKind::Placeholder(placeholder) => p!(write("Placeholder({:?})", placeholder)),
+            ty::ConstKind::Placeholder(placeholder) => p!(write("{placeholder:?}")),
             // FIXME(generic_const_exprs):
             // write out some legible representation of an abstract const?
-            ty::ConstKind::Expr(_) => p!("[const expr]"),
-            ty::ConstKind::Error(_) => p!("[const error]"),
+            ty::ConstKind::Expr(_) => p!("{{const expr}}"),
+            ty::ConstKind::Error(_) => p!("{{const error}}"),
         };
         Ok(self)
     }
@@ -2308,7 +2303,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ty::TypeFolder<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for RegionFolder<'a, 'tcx> {
         };
         if let ty::ReLateBound(debruijn1, br) = *region {
             assert_eq!(debruijn1, ty::INNERMOST);
-            self.tcx.mk_re_late_bound(self.current_index, br)
+            ty::Region::new_late_bound(self.tcx, self.current_index, br)
         } else {
             region
         }
@@ -2420,7 +2415,8 @@ impl<'tcx> FmtPrinter<'_, 'tcx> {
                         if let Some(lt_idx) = lifetime_idx {
                             if lt_idx > binder_level_idx {
                                 let kind = ty::BrNamed(CRATE_DEF_ID.to_def_id(), name);
-                                return tcx.mk_re_late_bound(
+                                return ty::Region::new_late_bound(
+                                    tcx,
                                     ty::INNERMOST,
                                     ty::BoundRegion { var: br.var, kind },
                                 );
@@ -2435,7 +2431,8 @@ impl<'tcx> FmtPrinter<'_, 'tcx> {
                         if let Some(lt_idx) = lifetime_idx {
                             if lt_idx > binder_level_idx {
                                 let kind = ty::BrNamed(def_id, name);
-                                return tcx.mk_re_late_bound(
+                                return ty::Region::new_late_bound(
+                                    tcx,
                                     ty::INNERMOST,
                                     ty::BoundRegion { var: br.var, kind },
                                 );
@@ -2448,7 +2445,8 @@ impl<'tcx> FmtPrinter<'_, 'tcx> {
                         if let Some(lt_idx) = lifetime_idx {
                             if lt_idx > binder_level_idx {
                                 let kind = br.kind;
-                                return tcx.mk_re_late_bound(
+                                return ty::Region::new_late_bound(
+                                    tcx,
                                     ty::INNERMOST,
                                     ty::BoundRegion { var: br.var, kind },
                                 );
@@ -2463,7 +2461,11 @@ impl<'tcx> FmtPrinter<'_, 'tcx> {
                     start_or_continue(&mut self, "for<", ", ");
                     do_continue(&mut self, name);
                 }
-                tcx.mk_re_late_bound(ty::INNERMOST, ty::BoundRegion { var: br.var, kind })
+                ty::Region::new_late_bound(
+                    tcx,
+                    ty::INNERMOST,
+                    ty::BoundRegion { var: br.var, kind },
+                )
             };
             let mut folder = RegionFolder {
                 tcx,
@@ -2842,7 +2844,11 @@ define_print_and_forward_display! {
     }
 
     ty::AliasTy<'tcx> {
-        p!(print_def_path(self.def_id, self.substs));
+        if let DefKind::Impl { of_trait: false } = cx.tcx().def_kind(cx.tcx().parent(self.def_id)) {
+            p!(pretty_print_inherent_projection(self))
+        } else {
+            p!(print_def_path(self.def_id, self.substs));
+        }
     }
 
     ty::ClosureKind {
@@ -3054,8 +3060,8 @@ fn trimmed_def_paths(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, (): ()) -> FxHashMap<DefId, Symbol> {
     map
 }
 
-pub fn provide(providers: &mut ty::query::Providers) {
-    *providers = ty::query::Providers { trimmed_def_paths, ..*providers };
+pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
+    *providers = Providers { trimmed_def_paths, ..*providers };
 }
 
 #[derive(Default)]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/relate.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/relate.rs
index da43475941e..8bcae3d9ab7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/relate.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/relate.rs
@@ -388,24 +388,24 @@ impl<'tcx> Relate<'tcx> for Ty<'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
-/// The main "type relation" routine. Note that this does not handle
-/// inference artifacts, so you should filter those out before calling
-/// it.
-pub fn super_relate_tys<'tcx, R: TypeRelation<'tcx>>(
+/// Relates `a` and `b` structurally, calling the relation for all nested values.
+/// Any semantic equality, e.g. of projections, and inference variables have to be
+/// handled by the caller.
+pub fn structurally_relate_tys<'tcx, R: TypeRelation<'tcx>>(
     relation: &mut R,
     a: Ty<'tcx>,
     b: Ty<'tcx>,
 ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>> {
     let tcx = relation.tcx();
-    debug!("super_relate_tys: a={:?} b={:?}", a, b);
+    debug!("structurally_relate_tys: a={:?} b={:?}", a, b);
     match (a.kind(), b.kind()) {
         (&ty::Infer(_), _) | (_, &ty::Infer(_)) => {
             // The caller should handle these cases!
-            bug!("var types encountered in super_relate_tys")
+            bug!("var types encountered in structurally_relate_tys")
         }
 
         (ty::Bound(..), _) | (_, ty::Bound(..)) => {
-            bug!("bound types encountered in super_relate_tys")
+            bug!("bound types encountered in structurally_relate_tys")
         }
 
         (&ty::Error(guar), _) | (_, &ty::Error(guar)) => Ok(tcx.ty_error(guar)),
@@ -575,34 +575,26 @@ pub fn super_relate_tys<'tcx, R: TypeRelation<'tcx>>(
     }
 }
 
-/// The main "const relation" routine. Note that this does not handle
-/// inference artifacts, so you should filter those out before calling
-/// it.
-pub fn super_relate_consts<'tcx, R: TypeRelation<'tcx>>(
+/// Relates `a` and `b` structurally, calling the relation for all nested values.
+/// Any semantic equality, e.g. of unevaluated consts, and inference variables have
+/// to be handled by the caller.
+///
+/// FIXME: This is not totally structual, which probably should be fixed.
+/// See the HACKs below.
+pub fn structurally_relate_consts<'tcx, R: TypeRelation<'tcx>>(
     relation: &mut R,
     mut a: ty::Const<'tcx>,
     mut b: ty::Const<'tcx>,
 ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Const<'tcx>> {
-    debug!("{}.super_relate_consts(a = {:?}, b = {:?})", relation.tag(), a, b);
+    debug!("{}.structurally_relate_consts(a = {:?}, b = {:?})", relation.tag(), a, b);
     let tcx = relation.tcx();
 
-    // HACK(const_generics): We still need to eagerly evaluate consts when
-    // relating them because during `normalize_param_env_or_error`,
-    // we may relate an evaluated constant in a obligation against
-    // an unnormalized (i.e. unevaluated) const in the param-env.
-    // FIXME(generic_const_exprs): Once we always lazily unify unevaluated constants
-    // these `eval` calls can be removed.
-    if !tcx.features().generic_const_exprs {
-        a = a.eval(tcx, relation.param_env());
-        b = b.eval(tcx, relation.param_env());
-    }
-
     if tcx.features().generic_const_exprs {
         a = tcx.expand_abstract_consts(a);
         b = tcx.expand_abstract_consts(b);
     }
 
-    debug!("{}.super_relate_consts(normed_a = {:?}, normed_b = {:?})", relation.tag(), a, b);
+    debug!("{}.structurally_relate_consts(normed_a = {:?}, normed_b = {:?})", relation.tag(), a, b);
 
     // Currently, the values that can be unified are primitive types,
     // and those that derive both `PartialEq` and `Eq`, corresponding
@@ -610,7 +602,7 @@ pub fn super_relate_consts<'tcx, R: TypeRelation<'tcx>>(
     let is_match = match (a.kind(), b.kind()) {
         (ty::ConstKind::Infer(_), _) | (_, ty::ConstKind::Infer(_)) => {
             // The caller should handle these cases!
-            bug!("var types encountered in super_relate_consts: {:?} {:?}", a, b)
+            bug!("var types encountered in structurally_relate_consts: {:?} {:?}", a, b)
         }
 
         (ty::ConstKind::Error(_), _) => return Ok(a),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/structural_impls.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/structural_impls.rs
index 29a3bc8bb97..a965450d27d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/structural_impls.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/structural_impls.rs
@@ -88,7 +88,35 @@ impl fmt::Debug for ty::FreeRegion {
 
 impl<'tcx> fmt::Debug for ty::FnSig<'tcx> {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        write!(f, "({:?}; c_variadic: {})->{:?}", self.inputs(), self.c_variadic, self.output())
+        let ty::FnSig { inputs_and_output: _, c_variadic, unsafety, abi } = self;
+
+        write!(f, "{}", unsafety.prefix_str())?;
+        match abi {
+            rustc_target::spec::abi::Abi::Rust => (),
+            abi => write!(f, "extern \"{abi:?}\" ")?,
+        };
+
+        write!(f, "fn(")?;
+        let inputs = self.inputs();
+        match inputs.len() {
+            0 if *c_variadic => write!(f, "...)")?,
+            0 => write!(f, ")")?,
+            _ => {
+                for ty in &self.inputs()[0..(self.inputs().len() - 1)] {
+                    write!(f, "{ty:?}, ")?;
+                }
+                write!(f, "{:?}", self.inputs().last().unwrap())?;
+                if *c_variadic {
+                    write!(f, "...")?;
+                }
+                write!(f, ")")?;
+            }
+        }
+
+        match self.output().kind() {
+            ty::Tuple(list) if list.is_empty() => Ok(()),
+            _ => write!(f, " -> {:?}", self.output()),
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -192,6 +220,61 @@ impl<'tcx> fmt::Debug for AliasTy<'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
+impl<'tcx> fmt::Debug for ty::InferConst<'tcx> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            InferConst::Var(var) => write!(f, "{var:?}"),
+            InferConst::Fresh(var) => write!(f, "Fresh({var:?})"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'tcx> fmt::Debug for ty::Const<'tcx> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        // This reflects what `Const` looked liked before `Interned` was
+        // introduced. We print it like this to avoid having to update expected
+        // output in a lot of tests.
+        write!(f, "Const {{ ty: {:?}, kind: {:?} }}", self.ty(), self.kind())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'tcx> fmt::Debug for ty::ConstKind<'tcx> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        use ty::ConstKind::*;
+        match self {
+            Param(param) => write!(f, "{param:?}"),
+            Infer(var) => write!(f, "{var:?}"),
+            Bound(debruijn, var) => rustc_type_ir::debug_bound_var(f, *debruijn, *var),
+            Placeholder(placeholder) => write!(f, "{placeholder:?}"),
+            Unevaluated(uv) => {
+                f.debug_tuple("Unevaluated").field(&uv.substs).field(&uv.def).finish()
+            }
+            Value(valtree) => write!(f, "{valtree:?}"),
+            Error(_) => write!(f, "{{const error}}"),
+            Expr(expr) => write!(f, "{expr:?}"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for ty::BoundTy {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        match self.kind {
+            ty::BoundTyKind::Anon => write!(f, "{:?}", self.var),
+            ty::BoundTyKind::Param(_, sym) => write!(f, "{sym:?}"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: fmt::Debug> fmt::Debug for ty::Placeholder<T> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        if self.universe == ty::UniverseIndex::ROOT {
+            write!(f, "!{:?}", self.bound)
+        } else {
+            write!(f, "!{}_{:?}", self.universe.index(), self.bound)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // Atomic structs
 //
@@ -204,6 +287,7 @@ CloneLiftImpls! {
     (),
     bool,
     usize,
+    u8,
     u16,
     u32,
     u64,
@@ -255,6 +339,7 @@ TrivialTypeTraversalAndLiftImpls! {
     crate::ty::AliasRelationDirection,
     crate::ty::Placeholder<crate::ty::BoundRegion>,
     crate::ty::Placeholder<crate::ty::BoundTy>,
+    crate::ty::Placeholder<ty::BoundVar>,
     crate::ty::ClosureKind,
     crate::ty::FreeRegion,
     crate::ty::InferTy,
@@ -271,7 +356,6 @@ TrivialTypeTraversalAndLiftImpls! {
     interpret::Scalar,
     rustc_target::abi::Size,
     ty::BoundVar,
-    ty::Placeholder<ty::BoundVar>,
 }
 
 TrivialTypeTraversalAndLiftImpls! {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/sty.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/sty.rs
index 8d0737e1eee..d19a7bcde79 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/sty.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/sty.rs
@@ -15,14 +15,14 @@ use hir::def::DefKind;
 use polonius_engine::Atom;
 use rustc_data_structures::captures::Captures;
 use rustc_data_structures::intern::Interned;
-use rustc_errors::{DiagnosticArgValue, IntoDiagnosticArg};
+use rustc_errors::{DiagnosticArgValue, ErrorGuaranteed, IntoDiagnosticArg, MultiSpan};
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc_hir::LangItem;
 use rustc_index::Idx;
 use rustc_macros::HashStable;
 use rustc_span::symbol::{kw, sym, Symbol};
-use rustc_span::Span;
+use rustc_span::{Span, DUMMY_SP};
 use rustc_target::abi::{FieldIdx, VariantIdx, FIRST_VARIANT};
 use rustc_target::spec::abi::{self, Abi};
 use std::borrow::Cow;
@@ -568,7 +568,7 @@ impl<'tcx> GeneratorSubsts<'tcx> {
         let layout = tcx.generator_layout(def_id).unwrap();
         layout.variant_fields.iter().map(move |variant| {
             variant.iter().map(move |field| {
-                ty::EarlyBinder(layout.field_tys[*field].ty).subst(tcx, self.substs)
+                ty::EarlyBinder::bind(layout.field_tys[*field].ty).subst(tcx, self.substs)
             })
         })
     }
@@ -1265,7 +1265,7 @@ impl<'tcx> AliasTy<'tcx> {
 
     /// Extracts the underlying trait reference and own substs from this projection.
     /// For example, if this is a projection of `<T as StreamingIterator>::Item<'a>`,
-    /// then this function would return a `T: Iterator` trait reference and `['a]` as the own substs
+    /// then this function would return a `T: StreamingIterator` trait reference and `['a]` as the own substs
     pub fn trait_ref_and_own_substs(
         self,
         tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
@@ -1459,6 +1459,103 @@ impl ParamConst {
 #[rustc_pass_by_value]
 pub struct Region<'tcx>(pub Interned<'tcx, RegionKind<'tcx>>);
 
+impl<'tcx> Region<'tcx> {
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn new_early_bound(
+        tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+        early_bound_region: ty::EarlyBoundRegion,
+    ) -> Region<'tcx> {
+        tcx.intern_region(ty::ReEarlyBound(early_bound_region))
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn new_late_bound(
+        tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+        debruijn: ty::DebruijnIndex,
+        bound_region: ty::BoundRegion,
+    ) -> Region<'tcx> {
+        // Use a pre-interned one when possible.
+        if let ty::BoundRegion { var, kind: ty::BrAnon(None) } = bound_region
+            && let Some(inner) = tcx.lifetimes.re_late_bounds.get(debruijn.as_usize())
+            && let Some(re) = inner.get(var.as_usize()).copied()
+        {
+            re
+        } else {
+            tcx.intern_region(ty::ReLateBound(debruijn, bound_region))
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn new_free(
+        tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+        scope: DefId,
+        bound_region: ty::BoundRegionKind,
+    ) -> Region<'tcx> {
+        tcx.intern_region(ty::ReFree(ty::FreeRegion { scope, bound_region }))
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn new_var(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, v: ty::RegionVid) -> Region<'tcx> {
+        // Use a pre-interned one when possible.
+        tcx.lifetimes
+            .re_vars
+            .get(v.as_usize())
+            .copied()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| tcx.intern_region(ty::ReVar(v)))
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn new_placeholder(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, placeholder: ty::PlaceholderRegion) -> Region<'tcx> {
+        tcx.intern_region(ty::RePlaceholder(placeholder))
+    }
+
+    /// Constructs a `RegionKind::ReError` region.
+    #[track_caller]
+    pub fn new_error(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, reported: ErrorGuaranteed) -> Region<'tcx> {
+        tcx.intern_region(ty::ReError(reported))
+    }
+
+    /// Constructs a `RegionKind::ReError` region and registers a `delay_span_bug` to ensure it
+    /// gets used.
+    #[track_caller]
+    pub fn new_error_misc(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> Region<'tcx> {
+        Region::new_error_with_message(
+            tcx,
+            DUMMY_SP,
+            "RegionKind::ReError constructed but no error reported",
+        )
+    }
+
+    /// Constructs a `RegionKind::ReError` region and registers a `delay_span_bug` with the given
+    /// `msg` to ensure it gets used.
+    #[track_caller]
+    pub fn new_error_with_message<S: Into<MultiSpan>>(
+        tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+        span: S,
+        msg: &'static str,
+    ) -> Region<'tcx> {
+        let reported = tcx.sess.delay_span_bug(span, msg);
+        Region::new_error(tcx, reported)
+    }
+
+    /// Avoid this in favour of more specific `new_*` methods, where possible,
+    /// to avoid the cost of the `match`.
+    pub fn new_from_kind(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, kind: RegionKind<'tcx>) -> Region<'tcx> {
+        match kind {
+            ty::ReEarlyBound(region) => Region::new_early_bound(tcx, region),
+            ty::ReLateBound(debruijn, region) => Region::new_late_bound(tcx, debruijn, region),
+            ty::ReFree(ty::FreeRegion { scope, bound_region }) => {
+                Region::new_free(tcx, scope, bound_region)
+            }
+            ty::ReStatic => tcx.lifetimes.re_static,
+            ty::ReVar(vid) => Region::new_var(tcx, vid),
+            ty::RePlaceholder(region) => Region::new_placeholder(tcx, region),
+            ty::ReErased => tcx.lifetimes.re_erased,
+            ty::ReError(reported) => Region::new_error(tcx, reported),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl<'tcx> Deref for Region<'tcx> {
     type Target = RegionKind<'tcx>;
 
@@ -1511,10 +1608,11 @@ impl Atom for RegionVid {
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
     #[derive(HashStable)]
+    #[debug_format = "{}"]
     pub struct BoundVar {}
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Debug, TyEncodable, TyDecodable)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, TyEncodable, TyDecodable)]
 #[derive(HashStable)]
 pub struct BoundTy {
     pub var: BoundVar,
@@ -1708,7 +1806,9 @@ impl<'tcx> Region<'tcx> {
             ty::ReErased => {
                 flags = flags | TypeFlags::HAS_RE_ERASED;
             }
-            ty::ReError(_) => {}
+            ty::ReError(_) => {
+                flags = flags | TypeFlags::HAS_FREE_REGIONS;
+            }
         }
 
         debug!("type_flags({:?}) = {:?}", self, flags);
@@ -2364,15 +2464,13 @@ impl<'tcx> Ty<'tcx> {
 
             ty::Tuple(tys) => tys.iter().all(|ty| ty.is_trivially_sized(tcx)),
 
-            ty::Adt(def, _substs) => def.sized_constraint(tcx).0.is_empty(),
+            ty::Adt(def, _substs) => def.sized_constraint(tcx).skip_binder().is_empty(),
 
-            ty::Alias(..) | ty::Param(_) => false,
+            ty::Alias(..) | ty::Param(_) | ty::Placeholder(..) => false,
 
             ty::Infer(ty::TyVar(_)) => false,
 
-            ty::Bound(..)
-            | ty::Placeholder(..)
-            | ty::Infer(ty::FreshTy(_) | ty::FreshIntTy(_) | ty::FreshFloatTy(_)) => {
+            ty::Bound(..) | ty::Infer(ty::FreshTy(_) | ty::FreshIntTy(_) | ty::FreshFloatTy(_)) => {
                 bug!("`is_trivially_sized` applied to unexpected type: {:?}", self)
             }
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/subst.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/subst.rs
index 43f95635ab0..8685a22d9ca 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/subst.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/subst.rs
@@ -538,13 +538,17 @@ impl<'tcx, T: TypeVisitable<TyCtxt<'tcx>>> TypeVisitable<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for &'tcx
 /// [`subst_identity`](EarlyBinder::subst_identity) or [`skip_binder`](EarlyBinder::skip_binder).
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Debug)]
 #[derive(Encodable, Decodable, HashStable)]
-pub struct EarlyBinder<T>(pub T);
+pub struct EarlyBinder<T>(T);
 
 /// For early binders, you should first call `subst` before using any visitors.
 impl<'tcx, T> !TypeFoldable<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for ty::EarlyBinder<T> {}
 impl<'tcx, T> !TypeVisitable<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for ty::EarlyBinder<T> {}
 
 impl<T> EarlyBinder<T> {
+    pub fn bind(inner: T) -> EarlyBinder<T> {
+        EarlyBinder(inner)
+    }
+
     pub fn as_ref(&self) -> EarlyBinder<&T> {
         EarlyBinder(&self.0)
     }
@@ -582,6 +586,9 @@ impl<T> EarlyBinder<T> {
     /// arguments of an `FnSig`). Otherwise, consider using
     /// [`subst_identity`](EarlyBinder::subst_identity).
     ///
+    /// To skip the binder on `x: &EarlyBinder<T>` to obtain `&T`, leverage
+    /// [`EarlyBinder::as_ref`](EarlyBinder::as_ref): `x.as_ref().skip_binder()`.
+    ///
     /// See also [`Binder::skip_binder`](super::Binder::skip_binder), which is
     /// the analogous operation on [`super::Binder`].
     pub fn skip_binder(self) -> T {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/typeck_results.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/typeck_results.rs
index 5a0571f4bb7..8cbffa14850 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/typeck_results.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/typeck_results.rs
@@ -151,11 +151,11 @@ pub struct TypeckResults<'tcx> {
     /// this field will be set to `Some(ErrorGuaranteed)`.
     pub tainted_by_errors: Option<ErrorGuaranteed>,
 
-    /// All the opaque types that have hidden types set
-    /// by this function. We also store the
-    /// type here, so that mir-borrowck can use it as a hint for figuring out hidden types,
-    /// even if they are only set in dead code (which doesn't show up in MIR).
-    pub concrete_opaque_types: FxIndexMap<LocalDefId, ty::OpaqueHiddenType<'tcx>>,
+    /// All the opaque types that have hidden types set by this function.
+    /// We also store the type here, so that the compiler can use it as a hint
+    /// for figuring out hidden types, even if they are only set in dead code
+    /// (which doesn't show up in MIR).
+    pub concrete_opaque_types: FxIndexMap<ty::OpaqueTypeKey<'tcx>, ty::OpaqueHiddenType<'tcx>>,
 
     /// Tracks the minimum captures required for a closure;
     /// see `MinCaptureInformationMap` for more details.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/util.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/util.rs
index e5b2d342452..dce2f5545f5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/util.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/util.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 use crate::middle::codegen_fn_attrs::CodegenFnAttrFlags;
 use crate::mir;
+use crate::query::Providers;
 use crate::ty::layout::IntegerExt;
 use crate::ty::{
     self, FallibleTypeFolder, ToPredicate, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeFoldable, TypeFolder, TypeSuperFoldable,
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ use rustc_data_structures::stable_hasher::{Hash64, HashStable, StableHasher};
 use rustc_errors::ErrorGuaranteed;
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def::{CtorOf, DefKind, Res};
-use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefId, LocalDefId};
+use rustc_hir::def_id::{CrateNum, DefId, LocalDefId};
 use rustc_index::bit_set::GrowableBitSet;
 use rustc_index::{Idx, IndexVec};
 use rustc_macros::HashStable;
@@ -34,9 +35,14 @@ pub struct Discr<'tcx> {
 
 /// Used as an input to [`TyCtxt::uses_unique_generic_params`].
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum IgnoreRegions {
-    Yes,
+pub enum CheckRegions {
     No,
+    /// Only permit early bound regions. This is useful for Adts which
+    /// can never have late bound regions.
+    OnlyEarlyBound,
+    /// Permit both late bound and early bound regions. Use this for functions,
+    /// which frequently have late bound regions.
+    Bound,
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
@@ -468,21 +474,28 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
     pub fn uses_unique_generic_params(
         self,
         substs: SubstsRef<'tcx>,
-        ignore_regions: IgnoreRegions,
+        ignore_regions: CheckRegions,
     ) -> Result<(), NotUniqueParam<'tcx>> {
         let mut seen = GrowableBitSet::default();
+        let mut seen_late = FxHashSet::default();
         for arg in substs {
             match arg.unpack() {
-                GenericArgKind::Lifetime(lt) => {
-                    if ignore_regions == IgnoreRegions::No {
-                        let ty::ReEarlyBound(p) = lt.kind() else {
-                            return Err(NotUniqueParam::NotParam(lt.into()))
-                        };
+                GenericArgKind::Lifetime(lt) => match (ignore_regions, lt.kind()) {
+                    (CheckRegions::Bound, ty::ReLateBound(di, reg)) => {
+                        if !seen_late.insert((di, reg)) {
+                            return Err(NotUniqueParam::DuplicateParam(lt.into()));
+                        }
+                    }
+                    (CheckRegions::OnlyEarlyBound | CheckRegions::Bound, ty::ReEarlyBound(p)) => {
                         if !seen.insert(p.index) {
                             return Err(NotUniqueParam::DuplicateParam(lt.into()));
                         }
                     }
-                }
+                    (CheckRegions::OnlyEarlyBound | CheckRegions::Bound, _) => {
+                        return Err(NotUniqueParam::NotParam(lt.into()));
+                    }
+                    (CheckRegions::No, _) => {}
+                },
                 GenericArgKind::Type(t) => match t.kind() {
                     ty::Param(p) => {
                         if !seen.insert(p.index) {
@@ -505,6 +518,42 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    /// Checks whether each generic argument is simply a unique generic placeholder.
+    ///
+    /// This is used in the new solver, which canonicalizes params to placeholders
+    /// for better caching.
+    pub fn uses_unique_placeholders_ignoring_regions(
+        self,
+        substs: SubstsRef<'tcx>,
+    ) -> Result<(), NotUniqueParam<'tcx>> {
+        let mut seen = GrowableBitSet::default();
+        for arg in substs {
+            match arg.unpack() {
+                // Ignore regions, since we can't resolve those in a canonicalized
+                // query in the trait solver.
+                GenericArgKind::Lifetime(_) => {}
+                GenericArgKind::Type(t) => match t.kind() {
+                    ty::Placeholder(p) => {
+                        if !seen.insert(p.bound.var) {
+                            return Err(NotUniqueParam::DuplicateParam(t.into()));
+                        }
+                    }
+                    _ => return Err(NotUniqueParam::NotParam(t.into())),
+                },
+                GenericArgKind::Const(c) => match c.kind() {
+                    ty::ConstKind::Placeholder(p) => {
+                        if !seen.insert(p.bound) {
+                            return Err(NotUniqueParam::DuplicateParam(c.into()));
+                        }
+                    }
+                    _ => return Err(NotUniqueParam::NotParam(c.into())),
+                },
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     /// Returns `true` if `def_id` refers to a closure (e.g., `|x| x * 2`). Note
     /// that closures have a `DefId`, but the closure *expression* also
     /// has a `HirId` that is located within the context where the
@@ -655,12 +704,12 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
         self,
         def_id: DefId,
     ) -> impl Iterator<Item = ty::EarlyBinder<Ty<'tcx>>> {
-        let generator_layout = &self.mir_generator_witnesses(def_id);
+        let generator_layout = self.mir_generator_witnesses(def_id);
         generator_layout
-            .field_tys
-            .iter()
+            .as_ref()
+            .map_or_else(|| [].iter(), |l| l.field_tys.iter())
             .filter(|decl| !decl.ignore_for_traits)
-            .map(|decl| ty::EarlyBinder(decl.ty))
+            .map(|decl| ty::EarlyBinder::bind(decl.ty))
     }
 
     /// Normalizes all opaque types in the given value, replacing them
@@ -808,6 +857,26 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
             _ => def_kind.article(),
         }
     }
+
+    /// Return `true` if the supplied `CrateNum` is "user-visible," meaning either a [public]
+    /// dependency, or a [direct] private dependency. This is used to decide whether the crate can
+    /// be shown in `impl` suggestions.
+    ///
+    /// [public]: TyCtxt::is_private_dep
+    /// [direct]: rustc_session::cstore::ExternCrate::is_direct
+    pub fn is_user_visible_dep(self, key: CrateNum) -> bool {
+        // | Private | Direct | Visible |                    |
+        // |---------|--------|---------|--------------------|
+        // | Yes     | Yes    | Yes     | !true || true   |
+        // | No      | Yes    | Yes     | !false || true  |
+        // | Yes     | No     | No      | !true || false  |
+        // | No      | No     | Yes     | !false || false |
+        !self.is_private_dep(key)
+            // If `extern_crate` is `None`, then the crate was injected (e.g., by the allocator).
+            // Treat that kind of crate as "indirect", since it's an implementation detail of
+            // the language.
+            || self.extern_crate(key.as_def_id()).map_or(false, |e| e.is_direct())
+    }
 }
 
 struct OpaqueTypeExpander<'tcx> {
@@ -1253,7 +1322,7 @@ pub enum ExplicitSelf<'tcx> {
 
 impl<'tcx> ExplicitSelf<'tcx> {
     /// Categorizes an explicit self declaration like `self: SomeType`
-    /// into either `self`, `&self`, `&mut self`, `Box<self>`, or
+    /// into either `self`, `&self`, `&mut self`, `Box<Self>`, or
     /// `Other`.
     /// This is mainly used to require the arbitrary_self_types feature
     /// in the case of `Other`, to improve error messages in the common cases,
@@ -1472,8 +1541,8 @@ pub fn is_intrinsic(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: LocalDefId) -> bool {
     matches!(tcx.fn_sig(def_id).skip_binder().abi(), Abi::RustIntrinsic | Abi::PlatformIntrinsic)
 }
 
-pub fn provide(providers: &mut ty::query::Providers) {
-    *providers = ty::query::Providers {
+pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
+    *providers = Providers {
         reveal_opaque_types_in_bounds,
         is_doc_hidden,
         is_doc_notable_trait,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/util/bug.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/util/bug.rs
index 3dfd0824f98..43ee0343f5a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/util/bug.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/util/bug.rs
@@ -48,6 +48,6 @@ pub fn trigger_delay_span_bug(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, key: rustc_hir::def_id::DefId) {
     );
 }
 
-pub fn provide(providers: &mut crate::ty::query::Providers) {
-    *providers = crate::ty::query::Providers { trigger_delay_span_bug, ..*providers };
+pub fn provide(providers: &mut crate::query::Providers) {
+    *providers = crate::query::Providers { trigger_delay_span_bug, ..*providers };
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/values.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/values.rs
index c62c33d4dfc..a00c77ccbcd 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/values.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/values.rs
@@ -96,13 +96,13 @@ impl<'tcx> Value<TyCtxt<'tcx>, DepKind> for Representability {
 
 impl<'tcx> Value<TyCtxt<'tcx>, DepKind> for ty::EarlyBinder<Ty<'_>> {
     fn from_cycle_error(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, cycle: &[QueryInfo<DepKind>]) -> Self {
-        ty::EarlyBinder(Ty::from_cycle_error(tcx, cycle))
+        ty::EarlyBinder::bind(Ty::from_cycle_error(tcx, cycle))
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> Value<TyCtxt<'tcx>, DepKind> for ty::EarlyBinder<ty::Binder<'_, ty::FnSig<'_>>> {
     fn from_cycle_error(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, cycle: &[QueryInfo<DepKind>]) -> Self {
-        ty::EarlyBinder(ty::Binder::from_cycle_error(tcx, cycle))
+        ty::EarlyBinder::bind(ty::Binder::from_cycle_error(tcx, cycle))
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/messages.ftl
index f346cd48347..cb265cf2c6a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/messages.ftl
@@ -1,62 +1,40 @@
-mir_build_unconditional_recursion = function cannot return without recursing
-    .label = cannot return without recursing
-    .help = a `loop` may express intention better if this is on purpose
-
-mir_build_unconditional_recursion_call_site_label = recursive call site
-
-mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_call_to_unsafe_fn_requires_unsafe =
-    call to unsafe function `{$function}` is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
-    .note = consult the function's documentation for information on how to avoid undefined behavior
-    .label = call to unsafe function
-
-mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_call_to_unsafe_fn_requires_unsafe_nameless =
-    call to unsafe function is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
-    .note = consult the function's documentation for information on how to avoid undefined behavior
-    .label = call to unsafe function
-
-mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_inline_assembly_requires_unsafe =
-    use of inline assembly is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
-    .note = inline assembly is entirely unchecked and can cause undefined behavior
-    .label = use of inline assembly
+mir_build_adt_defined_here = `{$ty}` defined here
 
-mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_initializing_type_with_requires_unsafe =
-    initializing type with `rustc_layout_scalar_valid_range` attr is unsafe and requires unsafe
-    block (error E0133)
-    .note = initializing a layout restricted type's field with a value outside the valid range is undefined behavior
-    .label = initializing type with `rustc_layout_scalar_valid_range` attr
+mir_build_already_borrowed = cannot borrow value as mutable because it is also borrowed as immutable
 
-mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_mutable_static_requires_unsafe =
-    use of mutable static is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
-    .note = mutable statics can be mutated by multiple threads: aliasing violations or data races will cause undefined behavior
-    .label = use of mutable static
+mir_build_already_mut_borrowed = cannot borrow value as immutable because it is also borrowed as mutable
 
-mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_extern_static_requires_unsafe =
-    use of extern static is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
-    .note = extern statics are not controlled by the Rust type system: invalid data, aliasing violations or data races will cause undefined behavior
-    .label = use of extern static
+mir_build_assoc_const_in_pattern = associated consts cannot be referenced in patterns
 
-mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_deref_raw_pointer_requires_unsafe =
-    dereference of raw pointer is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
-    .note = raw pointers may be null, dangling or unaligned; they can violate aliasing rules and cause data races: all of these are undefined behavior
-    .label = dereference of raw pointer
+mir_build_bindings_with_variant_name =
+    pattern binding `{$name}` is named the same as one of the variants of the type `{$ty_path}`
+    .suggestion = to match on the variant, qualify the path
 
-mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_union_field_requires_unsafe =
-    access to union field is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
-    .note = the field may not be properly initialized: using uninitialized data will cause undefined behavior
-    .label = access to union field
+mir_build_borrow = value is borrowed by `{$name}` here
 
-mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_mutation_of_layout_constrained_field_requires_unsafe =
-    mutation of layout constrained field is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
-    .note = mutating layout constrained fields cannot statically be checked for valid values
-    .label = mutation of layout constrained field
+mir_build_borrow_of_layout_constrained_field_requires_unsafe =
+    borrow of layout constrained field with interior mutability is unsafe and requires unsafe block
+    .note = references to fields of layout constrained fields lose the constraints. Coupled with interior mutability, the field can be changed to invalid values
+    .label = borrow of layout constrained field with interior mutability
 
-mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_borrow_of_layout_constrained_field_requires_unsafe =
-    borrow of layout constrained field with interior mutability is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
+mir_build_borrow_of_layout_constrained_field_requires_unsafe_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_allowed =
+    borrow of layout constrained field with interior mutability is unsafe and requires unsafe function or block
     .note = references to fields of layout constrained fields lose the constraints. Coupled with interior mutability, the field can be changed to invalid values
     .label = borrow of layout constrained field with interior mutability
 
-mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_call_to_fn_with_requires_unsafe =
-    call to function `{$function}` with `#[target_feature]` is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
+mir_build_borrow_of_moved_value = borrow of moved value
+    .label = value moved into `{$name}` here
+    .occurs_because_label = move occurs because `{$name}` has type `{$ty}` which does not implement the `Copy` trait
+    .value_borrowed_label = value borrowed here after move
+    .suggestion = borrow this binding in the pattern to avoid moving the value
+
+mir_build_call_to_fn_with_requires_unsafe =
+    call to function `{$function}` with `#[target_feature]` is unsafe and requires unsafe block
+    .note = can only be called if the required target features are available
+    .label = call to function with `#[target_feature]`
+
+mir_build_call_to_fn_with_requires_unsafe_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_allowed =
+    call to function `{$function}` with `#[target_feature]` is unsafe and requires unsafe function or block
     .note = can only be called if the required target features are available
     .label = call to function with `#[target_feature]`
 
@@ -70,55 +48,24 @@ mir_build_call_to_unsafe_fn_requires_unsafe_nameless =
     .note = consult the function's documentation for information on how to avoid undefined behavior
     .label = call to unsafe function
 
-mir_build_call_to_unsafe_fn_requires_unsafe_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_allowed =
-    call to unsafe function `{$function}` is unsafe and requires unsafe function or block
-    .note = consult the function's documentation for information on how to avoid undefined behavior
-    .label = call to unsafe function
-
 mir_build_call_to_unsafe_fn_requires_unsafe_nameless_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_allowed =
     call to unsafe function is unsafe and requires unsafe function or block
     .note = consult the function's documentation for information on how to avoid undefined behavior
     .label = call to unsafe function
 
-mir_build_inline_assembly_requires_unsafe =
-    use of inline assembly is unsafe and requires unsafe block
-    .note = inline assembly is entirely unchecked and can cause undefined behavior
-    .label = use of inline assembly
-
-mir_build_inline_assembly_requires_unsafe_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_allowed =
-    use of inline assembly is unsafe and requires unsafe function or block
-    .note = inline assembly is entirely unchecked and can cause undefined behavior
-    .label = use of inline assembly
-
-mir_build_initializing_type_with_requires_unsafe =
-    initializing type with `rustc_layout_scalar_valid_range` attr is unsafe and requires unsafe block
-    .note = initializing a layout restricted type's field with a value outside the valid range is undefined behavior
-    .label = initializing type with `rustc_layout_scalar_valid_range` attr
-
-mir_build_initializing_type_with_requires_unsafe_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_allowed =
-    initializing type with `rustc_layout_scalar_valid_range` attr is unsafe and requires unsafe function or block
-    .note = initializing a layout restricted type's field with a value outside the valid range is undefined behavior
-    .label = initializing type with `rustc_layout_scalar_valid_range` attr
+mir_build_call_to_unsafe_fn_requires_unsafe_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_allowed =
+    call to unsafe function `{$function}` is unsafe and requires unsafe function or block
+    .note = consult the function's documentation for information on how to avoid undefined behavior
+    .label = call to unsafe function
 
-mir_build_mutable_static_requires_unsafe =
-    use of mutable static is unsafe and requires unsafe block
-    .note = mutable statics can be mutated by multiple threads: aliasing violations or data races will cause undefined behavior
-    .label = use of mutable static
+mir_build_confused = missing patterns are not covered because `{$variable}` is interpreted as a constant pattern, not a new variable
 
-mir_build_mutable_static_requires_unsafe_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_allowed =
-    use of mutable static is unsafe and requires unsafe function or block
-    .note = mutable statics can be mutated by multiple threads: aliasing violations or data races will cause undefined behavior
-    .label = use of mutable static
+mir_build_const_param_in_pattern = const parameters cannot be referenced in patterns
 
-mir_build_extern_static_requires_unsafe =
-    use of extern static is unsafe and requires unsafe block
-    .note = extern statics are not controlled by the Rust type system: invalid data, aliasing violations or data races will cause undefined behavior
-    .label = use of extern static
+mir_build_const_pattern_depends_on_generic_parameter =
+    constant pattern depends on a generic parameter
 
-mir_build_extern_static_requires_unsafe_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_allowed =
-    use of extern static is unsafe and requires unsafe function or block
-    .note = extern statics are not controlled by the Rust type system: invalid data, aliasing violations or data races will cause undefined behavior
-    .label = use of extern static
+mir_build_could_not_eval_const_pattern = could not evaluate constant pattern
 
 mir_build_deref_raw_pointer_requires_unsafe =
     dereference of raw pointer is unsafe and requires unsafe block
@@ -130,117 +77,46 @@ mir_build_deref_raw_pointer_requires_unsafe_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_allowed =
     .note = raw pointers may be null, dangling or unaligned; they can violate aliasing rules and cause data races: all of these are undefined behavior
     .label = dereference of raw pointer
 
-mir_build_union_field_requires_unsafe =
-    access to union field is unsafe and requires unsafe block
-    .note = the field may not be properly initialized: using uninitialized data will cause undefined behavior
-    .label = access to union field
-
-mir_build_union_field_requires_unsafe_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_allowed =
-    access to union field is unsafe and requires unsafe function or block
-    .note = the field may not be properly initialized: using uninitialized data will cause undefined behavior
-    .label = access to union field
-
-mir_build_mutation_of_layout_constrained_field_requires_unsafe =
-    mutation of layout constrained field is unsafe and requires unsafe block
-    .note = mutating layout constrained fields cannot statically be checked for valid values
-    .label = mutation of layout constrained field
-
-mir_build_mutation_of_layout_constrained_field_requires_unsafe_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_allowed =
-    mutation of layout constrained field is unsafe and requires unsafe function or block
-    .note = mutating layout constrained fields cannot statically be checked for valid values
-    .label = mutation of layout constrained field
-
-mir_build_borrow_of_layout_constrained_field_requires_unsafe =
-    borrow of layout constrained field with interior mutability is unsafe and requires unsafe block
-    .note = references to fields of layout constrained fields lose the constraints. Coupled with interior mutability, the field can be changed to invalid values
-    .label = borrow of layout constrained field with interior mutability
-
-mir_build_borrow_of_layout_constrained_field_requires_unsafe_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_allowed =
-    borrow of layout constrained field with interior mutability is unsafe and requires unsafe function or block
-    .note = references to fields of layout constrained fields lose the constraints. Coupled with interior mutability, the field can be changed to invalid values
-    .label = borrow of layout constrained field with interior mutability
-
-mir_build_call_to_fn_with_requires_unsafe =
-    call to function `{$function}` with `#[target_feature]` is unsafe and requires unsafe block
-    .note = can only be called if the required target features are available
-    .label = call to function with `#[target_feature]`
-
-mir_build_call_to_fn_with_requires_unsafe_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_allowed =
-    call to function `{$function}` with `#[target_feature]` is unsafe and requires unsafe function or block
-    .note = can only be called if the required target features are available
-    .label = call to function with `#[target_feature]`
-
-mir_build_unused_unsafe = unnecessary `unsafe` block
-    .label = unnecessary `unsafe` block
-
-mir_build_unused_unsafe_enclosing_block_label = because it's nested under this `unsafe` block
-mir_build_unused_unsafe_enclosing_fn_label = because it's nested under this `unsafe` fn
-
-mir_build_non_exhaustive_patterns_type_not_empty = non-exhaustive patterns: type `{$ty}` is non-empty
-    .def_note = `{$peeled_ty}` defined here
-    .type_note = the matched value is of type `{$ty}`
-    .non_exhaustive_type_note = the matched value is of type `{$ty}`, which is marked as non-exhaustive
-    .reference_note = references are always considered inhabited
-    .suggestion = ensure that all possible cases are being handled by adding a match arm with a wildcard pattern as shown
-    .help = ensure that all possible cases are being handled by adding a match arm with a wildcard pattern
-
-mir_build_static_in_pattern = statics cannot be referenced in patterns
-
-mir_build_assoc_const_in_pattern = associated consts cannot be referenced in patterns
-
-mir_build_const_param_in_pattern = const parameters cannot be referenced in patterns
+mir_build_extern_static_requires_unsafe =
+    use of extern static is unsafe and requires unsafe block
+    .note = extern statics are not controlled by the Rust type system: invalid data, aliasing violations or data races will cause undefined behavior
+    .label = use of extern static
 
-mir_build_non_const_path = runtime values cannot be referenced in patterns
+mir_build_extern_static_requires_unsafe_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_allowed =
+    use of extern static is unsafe and requires unsafe function or block
+    .note = extern statics are not controlled by the Rust type system: invalid data, aliasing violations or data races will cause undefined behavior
+    .label = use of extern static
 
-mir_build_unreachable_pattern = unreachable pattern
-    .label = unreachable pattern
-    .catchall_label = matches any value
+mir_build_float_pattern = floating-point types cannot be used in patterns
 
-mir_build_const_pattern_depends_on_generic_parameter =
-    constant pattern depends on a generic parameter
+mir_build_indirect_structural_match =
+    to use a constant of type `{$non_sm_ty}` in a pattern, `{$non_sm_ty}` must be annotated with `#[derive(PartialEq, Eq)]`
 
-mir_build_could_not_eval_const_pattern = could not evaluate constant pattern
+mir_build_inform_irrefutable = `let` bindings require an "irrefutable pattern", like a `struct` or an `enum` with only one variant
 
-mir_build_lower_range_bound_must_be_less_than_or_equal_to_upper =
-    lower range bound must be less than or equal to upper
-    .label = lower bound larger than upper bound
-    .teach_note = When matching against a range, the compiler verifies that the range is non-empty. Range patterns include both end-points, so this is equivalent to requiring the start of the range to be less than or equal to the end of the range.
+mir_build_initializing_type_with_requires_unsafe =
+    initializing type with `rustc_layout_scalar_valid_range` attr is unsafe and requires unsafe block
+    .note = initializing a layout restricted type's field with a value outside the valid range is undefined behavior
+    .label = initializing type with `rustc_layout_scalar_valid_range` attr
 
-mir_build_literal_in_range_out_of_bounds =
-    literal out of range for `{$ty}`
-    .label = this value doesn't fit in `{$ty}` whose maximum value is `{$max}`
+mir_build_initializing_type_with_requires_unsafe_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_allowed =
+    initializing type with `rustc_layout_scalar_valid_range` attr is unsafe and requires unsafe function or block
+    .note = initializing a layout restricted type's field with a value outside the valid range is undefined behavior
+    .label = initializing type with `rustc_layout_scalar_valid_range` attr
 
-mir_build_lower_range_bound_must_be_less_than_upper = lower range bound must be less than upper
+mir_build_inline_assembly_requires_unsafe =
+    use of inline assembly is unsafe and requires unsafe block
+    .note = inline assembly is entirely unchecked and can cause undefined behavior
+    .label = use of inline assembly
 
-mir_build_leading_irrefutable_let_patterns = leading irrefutable {$count ->
-        [one] pattern
-        *[other] patterns
-    } in let chain
-    .note = {$count ->
-        [one] this pattern
-        *[other] these patterns
-    } will always match
-    .help = consider moving {$count ->
-        [one] it
-        *[other] them
-    } outside of the construct
+mir_build_inline_assembly_requires_unsafe_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_allowed =
+    use of inline assembly is unsafe and requires unsafe function or block
+    .note = inline assembly is entirely unchecked and can cause undefined behavior
+    .label = use of inline assembly
 
-mir_build_trailing_irrefutable_let_patterns = trailing irrefutable {$count ->
-        [one] pattern
-        *[other] patterns
-    } in let chain
-    .note = {$count ->
-        [one] this pattern
-        *[other] these patterns
-    } will always match
-    .help = consider moving {$count ->
-        [one] it
-        *[other] them
-    } into the body
+mir_build_interpreted_as_const = introduce a variable instead
 
-mir_build_bindings_with_variant_name =
-    pattern binding `{$name}` is named the same as one of the variants of the type `{$ty_path}`
-    .suggestion = to match on the variant, qualify the path
+mir_build_invalid_pattern = `{$non_sm_ty}` cannot be used in patterns
 
 mir_build_irrefutable_let_patterns_if_let = irrefutable `if let` {$count ->
         [one] pattern
@@ -282,78 +158,97 @@ mir_build_irrefutable_let_patterns_while_let = irrefutable `while let` {$count -
     } will always match, so the loop will never exit
     .help = consider instead using a `loop {"{"} ... {"}"}` with a `let` inside it
 
-mir_build_borrow_of_moved_value = borrow of moved value
-    .label = value moved into `{$name}` here
-    .occurs_because_label = move occurs because `{$name}` has type `{$ty}` which does not implement the `Copy` trait
-    .value_borrowed_label = value borrowed here after move
-    .suggestion = borrow this binding in the pattern to avoid moving the value
+mir_build_leading_irrefutable_let_patterns = leading irrefutable {$count ->
+        [one] pattern
+        *[other] patterns
+    } in let chain
+    .note = {$count ->
+        [one] this pattern
+        *[other] these patterns
+    } will always match
+    .help = consider moving {$count ->
+        [one] it
+        *[other] them
+    } outside of the construct
 
-mir_build_multiple_mut_borrows = cannot borrow value as mutable more than once at a time
+mir_build_literal_in_range_out_of_bounds =
+    literal out of range for `{$ty}`
+    .label = this value doesn't fit in `{$ty}` whose maximum value is `{$max}`
 
-mir_build_already_borrowed = cannot borrow value as mutable because it is also borrowed as immutable
+mir_build_lower_range_bound_must_be_less_than_or_equal_to_upper =
+    lower range bound must be less than or equal to upper
+    .label = lower bound larger than upper bound
+    .teach_note = When matching against a range, the compiler verifies that the range is non-empty. Range patterns include both end-points, so this is equivalent to requiring the start of the range to be less than or equal to the end of the range.
 
-mir_build_already_mut_borrowed = cannot borrow value as immutable because it is also borrowed as mutable
+mir_build_lower_range_bound_must_be_less_than_upper = lower range bound must be less than upper
 
-mir_build_moved_while_borrowed = cannot move out of value because it is borrowed
+mir_build_more_information = for more information, visit https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch18-02-refutability.html
 
-mir_build_mutable_borrow = value is mutably borrowed by `{$name}` here
+mir_build_moved = value is moved into `{$name}` here
 
-mir_build_borrow = value is borrowed by `{$name}` here
+mir_build_moved_while_borrowed = cannot move out of value because it is borrowed
 
-mir_build_moved = value is moved into `{$name}` here
+mir_build_multiple_mut_borrows = cannot borrow value as mutable more than once at a time
 
-mir_build_union_pattern = cannot use unions in constant patterns
+mir_build_mutable_borrow = value is mutably borrowed by `{$name}` here
 
-mir_build_type_not_structural =
-     to use a constant of type `{$non_sm_ty}` in a pattern, `{$non_sm_ty}` must be annotated with `#[derive(PartialEq, Eq)]`
+mir_build_mutable_static_requires_unsafe =
+    use of mutable static is unsafe and requires unsafe block
+    .note = mutable statics can be mutated by multiple threads: aliasing violations or data races will cause undefined behavior
+    .label = use of mutable static
 
-mir_build_unsized_pattern = cannot use unsized non-slice type `{$non_sm_ty}` in constant patterns
+mir_build_mutable_static_requires_unsafe_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_allowed =
+    use of mutable static is unsafe and requires unsafe function or block
+    .note = mutable statics can be mutated by multiple threads: aliasing violations or data races will cause undefined behavior
+    .label = use of mutable static
 
-mir_build_invalid_pattern = `{$non_sm_ty}` cannot be used in patterns
+mir_build_mutation_of_layout_constrained_field_requires_unsafe =
+    mutation of layout constrained field is unsafe and requires unsafe block
+    .note = mutating layout constrained fields cannot statically be checked for valid values
+    .label = mutation of layout constrained field
 
-mir_build_float_pattern = floating-point types cannot be used in patterns
+mir_build_mutation_of_layout_constrained_field_requires_unsafe_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_allowed =
+    mutation of layout constrained field is unsafe and requires unsafe function or block
+    .note = mutating layout constrained fields cannot statically be checked for valid values
+    .label = mutation of layout constrained field
 
-mir_build_pointer_pattern = function pointers and unsized pointers in patterns behave unpredictably and should not be relied upon. See https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/70861 for details.
+mir_build_non_const_path = runtime values cannot be referenced in patterns
 
-mir_build_indirect_structural_match =
-    to use a constant of type `{$non_sm_ty}` in a pattern, `{$non_sm_ty}` must be annotated with `#[derive(PartialEq, Eq)]`
+mir_build_non_exhaustive_omitted_pattern = some variants are not matched explicitly
+    .help = ensure that all variants are matched explicitly by adding the suggested match arms
+    .note = the matched value is of type `{$scrut_ty}` and the `non_exhaustive_omitted_patterns` attribute was found
+
+mir_build_non_exhaustive_patterns_type_not_empty = non-exhaustive patterns: type `{$ty}` is non-empty
+    .def_note = `{$peeled_ty}` defined here
+    .type_note = the matched value is of type `{$ty}`
+    .non_exhaustive_type_note = the matched value is of type `{$ty}`, which is marked as non-exhaustive
+    .reference_note = references are always considered inhabited
+    .suggestion = ensure that all possible cases are being handled by adding a match arm with a wildcard pattern as shown
+    .help = ensure that all possible cases are being handled by adding a match arm with a wildcard pattern
 
 mir_build_nontrivial_structural_match =
     to use a constant of type `{$non_sm_ty}` in a pattern, the constant's initializer must be trivial or `{$non_sm_ty}` must be annotated with `#[derive(PartialEq, Eq)]`
 
-mir_build_type_not_structural_tip = the traits must be derived, manual `impl`s are not sufficient
-
-mir_build_type_not_structural_more_info = see https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/marker/trait.StructuralEq.html for details
-
 mir_build_overlapping_range_endpoints = multiple patterns overlap on their endpoints
     .range = ... with this range
     .note = you likely meant to write mutually exclusive ranges
 
-mir_build_non_exhaustive_omitted_pattern = some variants are not matched explicitly
-    .help = ensure that all variants are matched explicitly by adding the suggested match arms
-    .note = the matched value is of type `{$scrut_ty}` and the `non_exhaustive_omitted_patterns` attribute was found
-
-mir_build_uncovered = {$count ->
-        [1] pattern `{$witness_1}`
-        [2] patterns `{$witness_1}` and `{$witness_2}`
-        [3] patterns `{$witness_1}`, `{$witness_2}` and `{$witness_3}`
-        *[other] patterns `{$witness_1}`, `{$witness_2}`, `{$witness_3}` and {$remainder} more
-    } not covered
-
 mir_build_pattern_not_covered = refutable pattern in {$origin}
     .pattern_ty = the matched value is of type `{$pattern_ty}`
 
-mir_build_inform_irrefutable = `let` bindings require an "irrefutable pattern", like a `struct` or an `enum` with only one variant
+mir_build_pointer_pattern = function pointers and unsized pointers in patterns behave unpredictably and should not be relied upon. See https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/70861 for details.
 
-mir_build_more_information = for more information, visit https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch18-02-refutability.html
+mir_build_privately_uninhabited = pattern `{$witness_1}` is currently uninhabited, but this variant contains private fields which may become inhabited in the future
 
-mir_build_adt_defined_here = `{$ty}` defined here
+mir_build_rustc_box_attribute_error = `#[rustc_box]` attribute used incorrectly
+    .attributes = no other attributes may be applied
+    .not_box = `#[rustc_box]` may only be applied to a `Box::new()` call
+    .missing_box = `#[rustc_box]` requires the `owned_box` lang item
 
-mir_build_variant_defined_here = not covered
+mir_build_static_in_pattern = statics cannot be referenced in patterns
 
-mir_build_interpreted_as_const = introduce a variable instead
+mir_build_suggest_attempted_int_lit = alternatively, you could prepend the pattern with an underscore to define a new named variable; identifiers cannot begin with digits
 
-mir_build_confused = missing patterns are not covered because `{$variable}` is interpreted as a constant pattern, not a new variable
 
 mir_build_suggest_if_let = you might want to use `if let` to ignore the {$count ->
         [one] variant that isn't
@@ -365,10 +260,117 @@ mir_build_suggest_let_else = you might want to use `let else` to handle the {$co
         *[other] variants that aren't
     } matched
 
-mir_build_suggest_attempted_int_lit = alternatively, you could prepend the pattern with an underscore to define a new named variable; identifiers cannot begin with digits
+mir_build_trailing_irrefutable_let_patterns = trailing irrefutable {$count ->
+        [one] pattern
+        *[other] patterns
+    } in let chain
+    .note = {$count ->
+        [one] this pattern
+        *[other] these patterns
+    } will always match
+    .help = consider moving {$count ->
+        [one] it
+        *[other] them
+    } into the body
+
+mir_build_type_not_structural =
+     to use a constant of type `{$non_sm_ty}` in a pattern, `{$non_sm_ty}` must be annotated with `#[derive(PartialEq, Eq)]`
 
+mir_build_type_not_structural_more_info = see https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/marker/trait.StructuralEq.html for details
 
-mir_build_rustc_box_attribute_error = `#[rustc_box]` attribute used incorrectly
-    .attributes = no other attributes may be applied
-    .not_box = `#[rustc_box]` may only be applied to a `Box::new()` call
-    .missing_box = `#[rustc_box]` requires the `owned_box` lang item
+mir_build_type_not_structural_tip = the traits must be derived, manual `impl`s are not sufficient
+
+mir_build_unconditional_recursion = function cannot return without recursing
+    .label = cannot return without recursing
+    .help = a `loop` may express intention better if this is on purpose
+
+mir_build_unconditional_recursion_call_site_label = recursive call site
+
+mir_build_uncovered = {$count ->
+        [1] pattern `{$witness_1}`
+        [2] patterns `{$witness_1}` and `{$witness_2}`
+        [3] patterns `{$witness_1}`, `{$witness_2}` and `{$witness_3}`
+        *[other] patterns `{$witness_1}`, `{$witness_2}`, `{$witness_3}` and {$remainder} more
+    } not covered
+
+mir_build_union_field_requires_unsafe =
+    access to union field is unsafe and requires unsafe block
+    .note = the field may not be properly initialized: using uninitialized data will cause undefined behavior
+    .label = access to union field
+
+mir_build_union_field_requires_unsafe_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_allowed =
+    access to union field is unsafe and requires unsafe function or block
+    .note = the field may not be properly initialized: using uninitialized data will cause undefined behavior
+    .label = access to union field
+
+mir_build_union_pattern = cannot use unions in constant patterns
+
+mir_build_unreachable_pattern = unreachable pattern
+    .label = unreachable pattern
+    .catchall_label = matches any value
+
+mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_borrow_of_layout_constrained_field_requires_unsafe =
+    borrow of layout constrained field with interior mutability is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
+    .note = references to fields of layout constrained fields lose the constraints. Coupled with interior mutability, the field can be changed to invalid values
+    .label = borrow of layout constrained field with interior mutability
+
+mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_call_to_fn_with_requires_unsafe =
+    call to function `{$function}` with `#[target_feature]` is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
+    .note = can only be called if the required target features are available
+    .label = call to function with `#[target_feature]`
+
+mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_call_to_unsafe_fn_requires_unsafe =
+    call to unsafe function `{$function}` is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
+    .note = consult the function's documentation for information on how to avoid undefined behavior
+    .label = call to unsafe function
+
+mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_call_to_unsafe_fn_requires_unsafe_nameless =
+    call to unsafe function is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
+    .note = consult the function's documentation for information on how to avoid undefined behavior
+    .label = call to unsafe function
+
+mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_deref_raw_pointer_requires_unsafe =
+    dereference of raw pointer is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
+    .note = raw pointers may be null, dangling or unaligned; they can violate aliasing rules and cause data races: all of these are undefined behavior
+    .label = dereference of raw pointer
+
+mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_extern_static_requires_unsafe =
+    use of extern static is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
+    .note = extern statics are not controlled by the Rust type system: invalid data, aliasing violations or data races will cause undefined behavior
+    .label = use of extern static
+
+mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_initializing_type_with_requires_unsafe =
+    initializing type with `rustc_layout_scalar_valid_range` attr is unsafe and requires unsafe
+    block (error E0133)
+    .note = initializing a layout restricted type's field with a value outside the valid range is undefined behavior
+    .label = initializing type with `rustc_layout_scalar_valid_range` attr
+
+mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_inline_assembly_requires_unsafe =
+    use of inline assembly is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
+    .note = inline assembly is entirely unchecked and can cause undefined behavior
+    .label = use of inline assembly
+
+mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_mutable_static_requires_unsafe =
+    use of mutable static is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
+    .note = mutable statics can be mutated by multiple threads: aliasing violations or data races will cause undefined behavior
+    .label = use of mutable static
+
+mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_mutation_of_layout_constrained_field_requires_unsafe =
+    mutation of layout constrained field is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
+    .note = mutating layout constrained fields cannot statically be checked for valid values
+    .label = mutation of layout constrained field
+
+mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_union_field_requires_unsafe =
+    access to union field is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
+    .note = the field may not be properly initialized: using uninitialized data will cause undefined behavior
+    .label = access to union field
+
+mir_build_unsized_pattern = cannot use unsized non-slice type `{$non_sm_ty}` in constant patterns
+
+mir_build_unused_unsafe = unnecessary `unsafe` block
+    .label = unnecessary `unsafe` block
+
+mir_build_unused_unsafe_enclosing_block_label = because it's nested under this `unsafe` block
+mir_build_unused_unsafe_enclosing_fn_label = because it's nested under this `unsafe` fn
+
+mir_build_variant_defined_here = not covered
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/block.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/block.rs
index 609ab19289c..ab4cd24881f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/block.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/block.rs
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Builder<'a, 'tcx> {
             }
 
             let popped = this.block_context.pop();
-            assert!(popped.map_or(false, |bf| bf.is_statement()));
+            assert!(popped.is_some_and(|bf| bf.is_statement()));
         }
 
         // Then, the block may have an optional trailing expression which is a “return” value
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Builder<'a, 'tcx> {
             unpack!(block = this.expr_into_dest(destination, block, expr));
             let popped = this.block_context.pop();
 
-            assert!(popped.map_or(false, |bf| bf.is_tail_expr()));
+            assert!(popped.is_some_and(|bf| bf.is_tail_expr()));
         } else {
             // If a block has no trailing expression, then it is given an implicit return type.
             // This return type is usually `()`, unless the block is diverging, in which case the
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/custom/parse/instruction.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/custom/parse/instruction.rs
index 931fe1b2433..ebf830cb9c1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/custom/parse/instruction.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/custom/parse/instruction.rs
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ impl<'tcx, 'body> ParseCtxt<'tcx, 'body> {
                     place: self.parse_place(args[0])?,
                     target: self.parse_block(args[1])?,
                     unwind: UnwindAction::Continue,
+                    replace: false,
                 })
             },
             @call("mir_call", args) => {
@@ -154,6 +155,7 @@ impl<'tcx, 'body> ParseCtxt<'tcx, 'body> {
                 Ok(Rvalue::BinaryOp(BinOp::Offset, Box::new((ptr, offset))))
             },
             @call("mir_len", args) => Ok(Rvalue::Len(self.parse_place(args[0])?)),
+            @call("mir_copy_for_deref", args) => Ok(Rvalue::CopyForDeref(self.parse_place(args[0])?)),
             ExprKind::Borrow { borrow_kind, arg } => Ok(
                 Rvalue::Ref(self.tcx.lifetimes.re_erased, *borrow_kind, self.parse_place(*arg)?)
             ),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/expr/as_constant.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/expr/as_constant.rs
index 59549435233..73d5eb62750 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/expr/as_constant.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/expr/as_constant.rs
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ pub fn as_constant_inner<'tcx>(
                 match lit_to_mir_constant(tcx, LitToConstInput { lit: &lit.node, ty, neg }) {
                     Ok(c) => c,
                     Err(LitToConstError::Reported(guar)) => {
-                        ConstantKind::Ty(tcx.const_error_with_guaranteed(ty, guar))
+                        ConstantKind::Ty(tcx.const_error(ty, guar))
                     }
                     Err(LitToConstError::TypeError) => {
                         bug!("encountered type error in `lit_to_mir_constant`")
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ pub fn as_constant_inner<'tcx>(
 }
 
 #[instrument(skip(tcx, lit_input))]
-pub(crate) fn lit_to_mir_constant<'tcx>(
+fn lit_to_mir_constant<'tcx>(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
     lit_input: LitToConstInput<'tcx>,
 ) -> Result<ConstantKind<'tcx>, LitToConstError> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/expr/as_operand.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/expr/as_operand.rs
index 6941da331fc..744111edb84 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/expr/as_operand.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/expr/as_operand.rs
@@ -118,7 +118,10 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Builder<'a, 'tcx> {
         let category = Category::of(&expr.kind).unwrap();
         debug!(?category, ?expr.kind);
         match category {
-            Category::Constant if let NeedsTemporary::No = needs_temporary || !expr.ty.needs_drop(this.tcx, this.param_env) => {
+            Category::Constant
+                if matches!(needs_temporary, NeedsTemporary::No)
+                    || !expr.ty.needs_drop(this.tcx, this.param_env) =>
+            {
                 let constant = this.as_constant(expr);
                 block.and(Operand::Constant(Box::new(constant)))
             }
@@ -126,7 +129,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Builder<'a, 'tcx> {
                 let operand = unpack!(block = this.as_temp(block, scope, expr, Mutability::Mut));
                 // Overwrite temp local info if we have something more interesting to record.
                 if !matches!(local_info, LocalInfo::Boring) {
-                    let decl_info = this.local_decls[operand].local_info.as_mut().assert_crate_local();
+                    let decl_info =
+                        this.local_decls[operand].local_info.as_mut().assert_crate_local();
                     if let LocalInfo::Boring | LocalInfo::BlockTailTemp(_) = **decl_info {
                         **decl_info = local_info;
                     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/expr/as_rvalue.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/expr/as_rvalue.rs
index c385b00692f..3742d640e3b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/expr/as_rvalue.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/expr/as_rvalue.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ use rustc_middle::mir::Place;
 use rustc_middle::mir::*;
 use rustc_middle::thir::*;
 use rustc_middle::ty::cast::{mir_cast_kind, CastTy};
+use rustc_middle::ty::layout::IntegerExt;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty, UpvarSubsts};
 use rustc_span::Span;
 
@@ -225,49 +226,63 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Builder<'a, 'tcx> {
                     );
                     let (op,ty) = (Operand::Move(discr), discr_ty);
 
-                    if let Abi::Scalar(scalar) = layout.unwrap().abi{
-                        if let Primitive::Int(_, signed) = scalar.primitive() {
-                            let range = scalar.valid_range(&this.tcx);
-                            // FIXME: Handle wraparound cases too.
-                            if range.end >= range.start {
-                                let mut assumer = |range: u128, bin_op: BinOp| {
-                                    // We will be overwriting this val if our scalar is signed value
-                                    // because sign extension on unsigned types might cause unintended things
-                                    let mut range_val =
-                                        ConstantKind::from_bits(this.tcx, range, ty::ParamEnv::empty().and(discr_ty));
-                                    let bool_ty = this.tcx.types.bool;
-                                    if signed {
-                                        let scalar_size_extend = scalar.size(&this.tcx).sign_extend(range);
-                                        let discr_layout = this.tcx.layout_of(this.param_env.and(discr_ty));
-                                        let truncated_val = discr_layout.unwrap().size.truncate(scalar_size_extend);
-                                        range_val = ConstantKind::from_bits(
-                                            this.tcx,
-                                            truncated_val,
-                                            ty::ParamEnv::empty().and(discr_ty),
-                                        );
-                                    }
-                                    let lit_op = this.literal_operand(expr.span, range_val);
-                                    let is_bin_op = this.temp(bool_ty, expr_span);
-                                    this.cfg.push_assign(
-                                        block,
-                                        source_info,
-                                        is_bin_op,
-                                        Rvalue::BinaryOp(bin_op, Box::new(((lit_op), (Operand::Copy(discr))))),
-                                    );
-                                    this.cfg.push(
-                                        block,
-                                        Statement {
-                                            source_info,
-                                            kind: StatementKind::Intrinsic(Box::new(NonDivergingIntrinsic::Assume(
-                                                Operand::Copy(is_bin_op),
-                                            ))),
-                                        },
-                                    )
-                                };
-                                assumer(range.end, BinOp::Ge);
-                                assumer(range.start, BinOp::Le);
-                            }
-                        }
+                    if let Abi::Scalar(scalar) = layout.unwrap().abi
+                        && !scalar.is_always_valid(&this.tcx)
+                        && let Primitive::Int(int_width, _signed) = scalar.primitive()
+                    {
+                        let unsigned_ty = int_width.to_ty(this.tcx, false);
+                        let unsigned_place = this.temp(unsigned_ty, expr_span);
+                        this.cfg.push_assign(
+                            block,
+                            source_info,
+                            unsigned_place,
+                            Rvalue::Cast(CastKind::IntToInt, Operand::Copy(discr), unsigned_ty));
+
+                        let bool_ty = this.tcx.types.bool;
+                        let range = scalar.valid_range(&this.tcx);
+                        let merge_op =
+                            if range.start <= range.end {
+                                BinOp::BitAnd
+                            } else {
+                                BinOp::BitOr
+                            };
+
+                        let mut comparer = |range: u128, bin_op: BinOp| -> Place<'tcx> {
+                            let range_val =
+                                ConstantKind::from_bits(this.tcx, range, ty::ParamEnv::empty().and(unsigned_ty));
+                            let lit_op = this.literal_operand(expr.span, range_val);
+                            let is_bin_op = this.temp(bool_ty, expr_span);
+                            this.cfg.push_assign(
+                                block,
+                                source_info,
+                                is_bin_op,
+                                Rvalue::BinaryOp(bin_op, Box::new((Operand::Copy(unsigned_place), lit_op))),
+                            );
+                            is_bin_op
+                        };
+                        let assert_place = if range.start == 0 {
+                            comparer(range.end, BinOp::Le)
+                        } else {
+                            let start_place = comparer(range.start, BinOp::Ge);
+                            let end_place = comparer(range.end, BinOp::Le);
+                            let merge_place = this.temp(bool_ty, expr_span);
+                            this.cfg.push_assign(
+                                block,
+                                source_info,
+                                merge_place,
+                                Rvalue::BinaryOp(merge_op, Box::new((Operand::Move(start_place), Operand::Move(end_place)))),
+                            );
+                            merge_place
+                        };
+                        this.cfg.push(
+                            block,
+                            Statement {
+                                source_info,
+                                kind: StatementKind::Intrinsic(Box::new(NonDivergingIntrinsic::Assume(
+                                    Operand::Move(assert_place),
+                                ))),
+                            },
+                        );
                     }
 
                     (op,ty)
@@ -710,6 +725,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Builder<'a, 'tcx> {
                         place: to_drop,
                         target: success,
                         unwind: UnwindAction::Continue,
+                        replace: false,
                     },
                 );
                 this.diverge_from(block);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/matches/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/matches/mod.rs
index 4926ff85de3..6df06df5c60 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/matches/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/matches/mod.rs
@@ -2241,6 +2241,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Builder<'a, 'tcx> {
         self.var_debug_info.push(VarDebugInfo {
             name,
             source_info: debug_source_info,
+            references: 0,
             value: VarDebugInfoContents::Place(for_arm_body.into()),
             argument_index: None,
         });
@@ -2260,6 +2261,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Builder<'a, 'tcx> {
             self.var_debug_info.push(VarDebugInfo {
                 name,
                 source_info: debug_source_info,
+                references: 0,
                 value: VarDebugInfoContents::Place(ref_for_guard.into()),
                 argument_index: None,
             });
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/matches/test.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/matches/test.rs
index 4536ecf17b8..dbdb5b4a9a1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/matches/test.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/matches/test.rs
@@ -380,18 +380,19 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Builder<'a, 'tcx> {
         );
     }
 
-    /// Compare two `&T` values using `<T as std::compare::PartialEq>::eq`
+    /// Compare two values using `<T as std::compare::PartialEq>::eq`.
+    /// If the values are already references, just call it directly, otherwise
+    /// take a reference to the values first and then call it.
     fn non_scalar_compare(
         &mut self,
         block: BasicBlock,
         make_target_blocks: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> Vec<BasicBlock>,
         source_info: SourceInfo,
         value: ConstantKind<'tcx>,
-        place: Place<'tcx>,
+        mut val: Place<'tcx>,
         mut ty: Ty<'tcx>,
     ) {
         let mut expect = self.literal_operand(source_info.span, value);
-        let mut val = Operand::Copy(place);
 
         // If we're using `b"..."` as a pattern, we need to insert an
         // unsizing coercion, as the byte string has the type `&[u8; N]`.
@@ -421,9 +422,13 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Builder<'a, 'tcx> {
                         block,
                         source_info,
                         temp,
-                        Rvalue::Cast(CastKind::Pointer(PointerCast::Unsize), val, ty),
+                        Rvalue::Cast(
+                            CastKind::Pointer(PointerCast::Unsize),
+                            Operand::Copy(val),
+                            ty,
+                        ),
                     );
-                    val = Operand::Move(temp);
+                    val = temp;
                 }
                 if opt_ref_test_ty.is_some() {
                     let slice = self.temp(ty, source_info.span);
@@ -438,12 +443,36 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Builder<'a, 'tcx> {
             }
         }
 
-        let ty::Ref(_, deref_ty, _) = *ty.kind() else {
-            bug!("non_scalar_compare called on non-reference type: {}", ty);
-        };
+        match *ty.kind() {
+            ty::Ref(_, deref_ty, _) => ty = deref_ty,
+            _ => {
+                // non_scalar_compare called on non-reference type
+                let temp = self.temp(ty, source_info.span);
+                self.cfg.push_assign(block, source_info, temp, Rvalue::Use(expect));
+                let ref_ty = self.tcx.mk_imm_ref(self.tcx.lifetimes.re_erased, ty);
+                let ref_temp = self.temp(ref_ty, source_info.span);
+
+                self.cfg.push_assign(
+                    block,
+                    source_info,
+                    ref_temp,
+                    Rvalue::Ref(self.tcx.lifetimes.re_erased, BorrowKind::Shared, temp),
+                );
+                expect = Operand::Move(ref_temp);
+
+                let ref_temp = self.temp(ref_ty, source_info.span);
+                self.cfg.push_assign(
+                    block,
+                    source_info,
+                    ref_temp,
+                    Rvalue::Ref(self.tcx.lifetimes.re_erased, BorrowKind::Shared, val),
+                );
+                val = ref_temp;
+            }
+        }
 
         let eq_def_id = self.tcx.require_lang_item(LangItem::PartialEq, Some(source_info.span));
-        let method = trait_method(self.tcx, eq_def_id, sym::eq, [deref_ty, deref_ty]);
+        let method = trait_method(self.tcx, eq_def_id, sym::eq, [ty, ty]);
 
         let bool_ty = self.tcx.types.bool;
         let eq_result = self.temp(bool_ty, source_info.span);
@@ -463,7 +492,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Builder<'a, 'tcx> {
 
                     literal: method,
                 })),
-                args: vec![val, expect],
+                args: vec![Operand::Copy(val), expect],
                 destination: eq_result,
                 target: Some(eq_block),
                 unwind: UnwindAction::Continue,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/mod.rs
index 20d381eddb1..8f6a069a7db 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/mod.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-pub(crate) use crate::build::expr::as_constant::lit_to_mir_constant;
 use crate::build::expr::as_place::PlaceBuilder;
 use crate::build::scope::DropKind;
 use rustc_apfloat::ieee::{Double, Single};
@@ -798,6 +797,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Builder<'a, 'tcx> {
                 };
                 self.var_debug_info.push(VarDebugInfo {
                     name,
+                    references: 0,
                     source_info: SourceInfo::outermost(captured_place.var_ident.span),
                     value: VarDebugInfoContents::Place(use_place),
                     argument_index: None,
@@ -828,6 +828,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Builder<'a, 'tcx> {
                 self.var_debug_info.push(VarDebugInfo {
                     name,
                     source_info,
+                    references: 0,
                     value: VarDebugInfoContents::Place(arg_local.into()),
                     argument_index: Some(argument_index as u16 + 1),
                 });
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/scope.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/scope.rs
index 56c87c402fe..7c0fbc6f81c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/scope.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/scope.rs
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ use rustc_middle::middle::region;
 use rustc_middle::mir::*;
 use rustc_middle::thir::{Expr, LintLevel};
 
-use rustc_span::{DesugaringKind, Span, DUMMY_SP};
+use rustc_span::{Span, DUMMY_SP};
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct Scopes<'tcx> {
@@ -325,10 +325,10 @@ impl DropTree {
         entry_points.sort();
 
         for (drop_idx, drop_data) in self.drops.iter_enumerated().rev() {
-            if entry_points.last().map_or(false, |entry_point| entry_point.0 == drop_idx) {
+            if entry_points.last().is_some_and(|entry_point| entry_point.0 == drop_idx) {
                 let block = *blocks[drop_idx].get_or_insert_with(|| T::make_block(cfg));
                 needs_block[drop_idx] = Block::Own;
-                while entry_points.last().map_or(false, |entry_point| entry_point.0 == drop_idx) {
+                while entry_points.last().is_some_and(|entry_point| entry_point.0 == drop_idx) {
                     let entry_block = entry_points.pop().unwrap().1;
                     T::add_entry(cfg, entry_block, block);
                 }
@@ -371,6 +371,7 @@ impl DropTree {
                         // The caller will handle this if needed.
                         unwind: UnwindAction::Terminate,
                         place: drop_data.0.local.into(),
+                        replace: false,
                     };
                     cfg.terminate(block, drop_data.0.source_info, terminator);
                 }
@@ -644,24 +645,27 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Builder<'a, 'tcx> {
             }
         };
 
-        if let Some(destination) = destination {
-            if let Some(value) = value {
+        match (destination, value) {
+            (Some(destination), Some(value)) => {
                 debug!("stmt_expr Break val block_context.push(SubExpr)");
                 self.block_context.push(BlockFrame::SubExpr);
                 unpack!(block = self.expr_into_dest(destination, block, value));
                 self.block_context.pop();
-            } else {
+            }
+            (Some(destination), None) => {
                 self.cfg.push_assign_unit(block, source_info, destination, self.tcx)
             }
-        } else {
-            assert!(value.is_none(), "`return` and `break` should have a destination");
-            if self.tcx.sess.instrument_coverage() {
+            (None, Some(_)) => {
+                panic!("`return`, `become` and `break` with value and must have a destination")
+            }
+            (None, None) if self.tcx.sess.instrument_coverage() => {
                 // Unlike `break` and `return`, which push an `Assign` statement to MIR, from which
                 // a Coverage code region can be generated, `continue` needs no `Assign`; but
                 // without one, the `InstrumentCoverage` MIR pass cannot generate a code region for
                 // `continue`. Coverage will be missing unless we add a dummy `Assign` to MIR.
                 self.add_dummy_assignment(span, block, source_info);
             }
+            (None, None) => {}
         }
 
         let region_scope = self.scopes.breakable_scopes[break_index].region_scope;
@@ -671,12 +675,12 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Builder<'a, 'tcx> {
         } else {
             self.scopes.breakable_scopes[break_index].continue_drops.as_mut().unwrap()
         };
-        let mut drop_idx = ROOT_NODE;
-        for scope in &self.scopes.scopes[scope_index + 1..] {
-            for drop in &scope.drops {
-                drop_idx = drops.add_drop(*drop, drop_idx);
-            }
-        }
+
+        let drop_idx = self.scopes.scopes[scope_index + 1..]
+            .iter()
+            .flat_map(|scope| &scope.drops)
+            .fold(ROOT_NODE, |drop_idx, &drop| drops.add_drop(drop, drop_idx));
+
         drops.add_entry(block, drop_idx);
 
         // `build_drop_trees` doesn't have access to our source_info, so we
@@ -728,7 +732,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Builder<'a, 'tcx> {
     fn leave_top_scope(&mut self, block: BasicBlock) -> BasicBlock {
         // If we are emitting a `drop` statement, we need to have the cached
         // diverge cleanup pads ready in case that drop panics.
-        let needs_cleanup = self.scopes.scopes.last().map_or(false, |scope| scope.needs_cleanup());
+        let needs_cleanup = self.scopes.scopes.last().is_some_and(|scope| scope.needs_cleanup());
         let is_generator = self.generator_kind.is_some();
         let unwind_to = if needs_cleanup { self.diverge_cleanup() } else { DropIdx::MAX };
 
@@ -1125,9 +1129,6 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Builder<'a, 'tcx> {
         place: Place<'tcx>,
         value: Rvalue<'tcx>,
     ) -> BlockAnd<()> {
-        let span = self.tcx.with_stable_hashing_context(|hcx| {
-            span.mark_with_reason(None, DesugaringKind::Replace, self.tcx.sess.edition(), hcx)
-        });
         let source_info = self.source_info(span);
 
         // create the new block for the assignment
@@ -1145,6 +1146,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Builder<'a, 'tcx> {
                 place,
                 target: assign,
                 unwind: UnwindAction::Cleanup(assign_unwind),
+                replace: true,
             },
         );
         self.diverge_from(block);
@@ -1258,6 +1260,7 @@ fn build_scope_drops<'tcx>(
                         place: local.into(),
                         target: next,
                         unwind: UnwindAction::Continue,
+                        replace: false,
                     },
                 );
                 block = next;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/errors.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/errors.rs
index dcdeaf008d6..7c0df201bc2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/errors.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/errors.rs
@@ -781,6 +781,8 @@ pub(crate) struct PatternNotCovered<'s, 'tcx> {
     pub interpreted_as_const: Option<InterpretedAsConst>,
     #[subdiagnostic]
     pub adt_defined_here: Option<AdtDefinedHere<'tcx>>,
+    #[note(mir_build_privately_uninhabited)]
+    pub witness_1_is_privately_uninhabited: Option<()>,
     #[note(mir_build_pattern_ty)]
     pub _p: (),
     pub pattern_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/lib.rs
index 2765a107cf0..0eaab9b5703 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/lib.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ mod errors;
 mod lints;
 pub mod thir;
 
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 
 use rustc_errors::{DiagnosticMessage, SubdiagnosticMessage};
 use rustc_fluent_macro::fluent_messages;
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ fluent_messages! { "../messages.ftl" }
 pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
     providers.check_match = thir::pattern::check_match;
     providers.lit_to_const = thir::constant::lit_to_const;
-    providers.lit_to_mir_constant = build::lit_to_mir_constant;
     providers.mir_built = build::mir_built;
     providers.thir_check_unsafety = check_unsafety::thir_check_unsafety;
     providers.thir_body = thir::cx::thir_body;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/constant.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/constant.rs
index 57ae6a3652d..a7be8e3c903 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/constant.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/constant.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ use rustc_middle::mir::interpret::{LitToConstError, LitToConstInput};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, ParamEnv, ScalarInt, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_span::DUMMY_SP;
 
+use crate::build::parse_float_into_scalar;
+
 pub(crate) fn lit_to_const<'tcx>(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
     lit_input: LitToConstInput<'tcx>,
@@ -46,12 +48,28 @@ pub(crate) fn lit_to_const<'tcx>(
         (ast::LitKind::Byte(n), ty::Uint(ty::UintTy::U8)) => {
             ty::ValTree::from_scalar_int((*n).into())
         }
+        (ast::LitKind::CStr(data, _), ty::Ref(_, inner_ty, _)) if matches!(inner_ty.kind(), ty::Adt(def, _) if Some(def.did()) == tcx.lang_items().c_str()) =>
+        {
+            let bytes = data as &[u8];
+            ty::ValTree::from_raw_bytes(tcx, bytes)
+        }
         (ast::LitKind::Int(n, _), ty::Uint(_)) | (ast::LitKind::Int(n, _), ty::Int(_)) => {
             let scalar_int =
                 trunc(if neg { (*n as i128).overflowing_neg().0 as u128 } else { *n })?;
             ty::ValTree::from_scalar_int(scalar_int)
         }
         (ast::LitKind::Bool(b), ty::Bool) => ty::ValTree::from_scalar_int((*b).into()),
+        (ast::LitKind::Float(n, _), ty::Float(fty)) => {
+            let bits = parse_float_into_scalar(*n, *fty, neg)
+                .ok_or_else(|| {
+                    LitToConstError::Reported(tcx.sess.delay_span_bug(
+                        DUMMY_SP,
+                        format!("couldn't parse float literal: {:?}", lit_input.lit),
+                    ))
+                })?
+                .assert_int();
+            ty::ValTree::from_scalar_int(bits)
+        }
         (ast::LitKind::Char(c), ty::Char) => ty::ValTree::from_scalar_int((*c).into()),
         (ast::LitKind::Err, _) => {
             return Err(LitToConstError::Reported(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/cx/expr.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/cx/expr.rs
index f46eb5a0ce1..b20495d602e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/cx/expr.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/cx/expr.rs
@@ -130,6 +130,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Cx<'tcx> {
                 ExprKind::Pointer { cast: PointerCast::Unsize, source: self.thir.exprs.push(expr) }
             }
             Adjust::Pointer(cast) => ExprKind::Pointer { cast, source: self.thir.exprs.push(expr) },
+            Adjust::NeverToAny if adjustment.target.is_never() => return expr,
             Adjust::NeverToAny => ExprKind::NeverToAny { source: self.thir.exprs.push(expr) },
             Adjust::Deref(None) => {
                 adjust_span(&mut expr);
@@ -332,7 +333,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Cx<'tcx> {
                         } else if let Some(box_item) = tcx.lang_items().owned_box() {
                             if let hir::ExprKind::Path(hir::QPath::TypeRelative(ty, fn_path)) = fun.kind
                                 && let hir::TyKind::Path(hir::QPath::Resolved(_, path)) = ty.kind
-                                && path.res.opt_def_id().map_or(false, |did| did == box_item)
+                                && path.res.opt_def_id().is_some_and(|did| did == box_item)
                                 && fn_path.ident.name == sym::new
                                 && let [value] = args
                             {
@@ -955,7 +956,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Cx<'tcx> {
         let is_upvar = self
             .tcx
             .upvars_mentioned(self.body_owner)
-            .map_or(false, |upvars| upvars.contains_key(&var_hir_id));
+            .is_some_and(|upvars| upvars.contains_key(&var_hir_id));
 
         debug!(
             "convert_var({:?}): is_upvar={}, body_owner={:?}",
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/cx/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/cx/mod.rs
index 463f639defe..d00fb754c64 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/cx/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/cx/mod.rs
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Cx<'tcx> {
                     var: ty::BoundVar::from_usize(bound_vars.len() - 1),
                     kind: ty::BrEnv,
                 };
-                let env_region = self.tcx.mk_re_late_bound(ty::INNERMOST, br);
+                let env_region = ty::Region::new_late_bound(self.tcx, ty::INNERMOST, br);
                 let closure_env_ty =
                     self.tcx.closure_env_ty(closure_def_id, closure_substs, env_region).unwrap();
                 let liberated_closure_env_ty = self.tcx.erase_late_bound_regions(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/check_match.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/check_match.rs
index ca25f83e643..1e51cb9aa96 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/check_match.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/check_match.rs
@@ -90,35 +90,34 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'a, 'tcx> for MatchVisitor<'a, '_, 'tcx> {
 
     #[instrument(level = "trace", skip(self))]
     fn visit_arm(&mut self, arm: &Arm<'tcx>) {
-        match arm.guard {
-            Some(Guard::If(expr)) => {
-                self.with_let_source(LetSource::IfLetGuard, |this| {
-                    this.visit_expr(&this.thir[expr])
-                });
-            }
-            Some(Guard::IfLet(ref pat, expr)) => {
-                self.with_let_source(LetSource::IfLetGuard, |this| {
-                    this.check_let(pat, expr, LetSource::IfLetGuard, pat.span);
-                    this.visit_pat(pat);
-                    this.visit_expr(&this.thir[expr]);
-                });
+        self.with_lint_level(arm.lint_level, |this| {
+            match arm.guard {
+                Some(Guard::If(expr)) => {
+                    this.with_let_source(LetSource::IfLetGuard, |this| {
+                        this.visit_expr(&this.thir[expr])
+                    });
+                }
+                Some(Guard::IfLet(ref pat, expr)) => {
+                    this.with_let_source(LetSource::IfLetGuard, |this| {
+                        this.check_let(pat, expr, LetSource::IfLetGuard, pat.span);
+                        this.visit_pat(pat);
+                        this.visit_expr(&this.thir[expr]);
+                    });
+                }
+                None => {}
             }
-            None => {}
-        }
-        self.visit_pat(&arm.pattern);
-        self.visit_expr(&self.thir[arm.body]);
+            this.visit_pat(&arm.pattern);
+            this.visit_expr(&self.thir[arm.body]);
+        });
     }
 
     #[instrument(level = "trace", skip(self))]
     fn visit_expr(&mut self, ex: &Expr<'tcx>) {
         match ex.kind {
             ExprKind::Scope { value, lint_level, .. } => {
-                let old_lint_level = self.lint_level;
-                if let LintLevel::Explicit(hir_id) = lint_level {
-                    self.lint_level = hir_id;
-                }
-                self.visit_expr(&self.thir[value]);
-                self.lint_level = old_lint_level;
+                self.with_lint_level(lint_level, |this| {
+                    this.visit_expr(&this.thir[value]);
+                });
                 return;
             }
             ExprKind::If { cond, then, else_opt, if_then_scope: _ } => {
@@ -190,6 +189,17 @@ impl<'p, 'tcx> MatchVisitor<'_, 'p, 'tcx> {
         self.let_source = old_let_source;
     }
 
+    fn with_lint_level(&mut self, new_lint_level: LintLevel, f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self)) {
+        if let LintLevel::Explicit(hir_id) = new_lint_level {
+            let old_lint_level = self.lint_level;
+            self.lint_level = hir_id;
+            f(self);
+            self.lint_level = old_lint_level;
+        } else {
+            f(self);
+        }
+    }
+
     fn check_patterns(&self, pat: &Pat<'tcx>, rf: RefutableFlag) {
         pat.walk_always(|pat| check_borrow_conflicts_in_at_patterns(self, pat));
         check_for_bindings_named_same_as_variants(self, pat, rf);
@@ -236,7 +246,9 @@ impl<'p, 'tcx> MatchVisitor<'_, 'p, 'tcx> {
         for &arm in arms {
             // Check the arm for some things unrelated to exhaustiveness.
             let arm = &self.thir.arms[arm];
-            self.check_patterns(&arm.pattern, Refutable);
+            self.with_lint_level(arm.lint_level, |this| {
+                this.check_patterns(&arm.pattern, Refutable);
+            });
         }
 
         let tarms: Vec<_> = arms
@@ -479,12 +491,30 @@ impl<'p, 'tcx> MatchVisitor<'_, 'p, 'tcx> {
             AdtDefinedHere { adt_def_span, ty, variants }
         };
 
+        // Emit an extra note if the first uncovered witness would be uninhabited
+        // if we disregard visibility.
+        let witness_1_is_privately_uninhabited =
+            if cx.tcx.features().exhaustive_patterns
+                && let Some(witness_1) = witnesses.get(0)
+                && let ty::Adt(adt, substs) = witness_1.ty().kind()
+                && adt.is_enum()
+                && let Constructor::Variant(variant_index) = witness_1.ctor()
+            {
+                let variant = adt.variant(*variant_index);
+                let inhabited = variant.inhabited_predicate(cx.tcx, *adt).subst(cx.tcx, substs);
+                assert!(inhabited.apply(cx.tcx, cx.param_env, cx.module));
+                !inhabited.apply_ignore_module(cx.tcx, cx.param_env)
+            } else {
+                false
+            };
+
         self.error = Err(self.tcx.sess.emit_err(PatternNotCovered {
             span: pat.span,
             origin,
             uncovered: Uncovered::new(pat.span, &cx, witnesses),
             inform,
             interpreted_as_const,
+            witness_1_is_privately_uninhabited: witness_1_is_privately_uninhabited.then_some(()),
             _p: (),
             pattern_ty,
             let_suggestion,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/const_to_pat.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/const_to_pat.rs
index c73f8284ca5..7976b148f75 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/const_to_pat.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/const_to_pat.rs
@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 use rustc_hir as hir;
+use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc_index::Idx;
 use rustc_infer::infer::{InferCtxt, TyCtxtInferExt};
 use rustc_infer::traits::Obligation;
 use rustc_middle::mir;
 use rustc_middle::thir::{FieldPat, Pat, PatKind};
-use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty, TyCtxt};
+use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty, TyCtxt, ValTree};
 use rustc_session::lint;
 use rustc_span::Span;
-use rustc_target::abi::FieldIdx;
+use rustc_target::abi::{FieldIdx, VariantIdx};
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::query::evaluate_obligation::InferCtxtExt;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::{self, ObligationCause};
 
@@ -29,11 +30,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> PatCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         cv: mir::ConstantKind<'tcx>,
         id: hir::HirId,
         span: Span,
-        mir_structural_match_violation: bool,
+        check_body_for_struct_match_violation: Option<DefId>,
     ) -> Box<Pat<'tcx>> {
         let infcx = self.tcx.infer_ctxt().build();
         let mut convert = ConstToPat::new(self, id, span, infcx);
-        convert.to_pat(cv, mir_structural_match_violation)
+        convert.to_pat(cv, check_body_for_struct_match_violation)
     }
 }
 
@@ -62,21 +63,13 @@ struct ConstToPat<'tcx> {
     treat_byte_string_as_slice: bool,
 }
 
-mod fallback_to_const_ref {
-    #[derive(Debug)]
-    /// This error type signals that we encountered a non-struct-eq situation behind a reference.
-    /// We bubble this up in order to get back to the reference destructuring and make that emit
-    /// a const pattern instead of a deref pattern. This allows us to simply call `PartialEq::eq`
-    /// on such patterns (since that function takes a reference) and not have to jump through any
-    /// hoops to get a reference to the value.
-    pub(super) struct FallbackToConstRef(());
-
-    pub(super) fn fallback_to_const_ref(c2p: &super::ConstToPat<'_>) -> FallbackToConstRef {
-        assert!(c2p.behind_reference.get());
-        FallbackToConstRef(())
-    }
-}
-use fallback_to_const_ref::{fallback_to_const_ref, FallbackToConstRef};
+/// This error type signals that we encountered a non-struct-eq situation.
+/// We bubble this up in order to get back to the reference destructuring and make that emit
+/// a const pattern instead of a deref pattern. This allows us to simply call `PartialEq::eq`
+/// on such patterns (since that function takes a reference) and not have to jump through any
+/// hoops to get a reference to the value.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct FallbackToConstRef;
 
 impl<'tcx> ConstToPat<'tcx> {
     fn new(
@@ -112,7 +105,7 @@ impl<'tcx> ConstToPat<'tcx> {
     fn to_pat(
         &mut self,
         cv: mir::ConstantKind<'tcx>,
-        mir_structural_match_violation: bool,
+        check_body_for_struct_match_violation: Option<DefId>,
     ) -> Box<Pat<'tcx>> {
         trace!(self.treat_byte_string_as_slice);
         // This method is just a wrapper handling a validity check; the heavy lifting is
@@ -122,14 +115,44 @@ impl<'tcx> ConstToPat<'tcx> {
         // once indirect_structural_match is a full fledged error, this
         // level of indirection can be eliminated
 
-        let inlined_const_as_pat =
-            self.recur(cv, mir_structural_match_violation).unwrap_or_else(|_| {
-                Box::new(Pat {
-                    span: self.span,
-                    ty: cv.ty(),
-                    kind: PatKind::Constant { value: cv },
-                })
-            });
+        let mir_structural_match_violation = check_body_for_struct_match_violation.map(|def_id| {
+            // `mir_const_qualif` must be called with the `DefId` of the item where the const is
+            // defined, not where it is declared. The difference is significant for associated
+            // constants.
+            self.tcx().mir_const_qualif(def_id).custom_eq
+        });
+        debug!(?check_body_for_struct_match_violation, ?mir_structural_match_violation);
+
+        let inlined_const_as_pat = match cv {
+            mir::ConstantKind::Ty(c) => match c.kind() {
+                ty::ConstKind::Param(_)
+                | ty::ConstKind::Infer(_)
+                | ty::ConstKind::Bound(_, _)
+                | ty::ConstKind::Placeholder(_)
+                | ty::ConstKind::Unevaluated(_)
+                | ty::ConstKind::Error(_)
+                | ty::ConstKind::Expr(_) => {
+                    span_bug!(self.span, "unexpected const in `to_pat`: {:?}", c.kind())
+                }
+                ty::ConstKind::Value(valtree) => self
+                    .recur(valtree, cv.ty(), mir_structural_match_violation.unwrap_or(false))
+                    .unwrap_or_else(|_| {
+                        Box::new(Pat {
+                            span: self.span,
+                            ty: cv.ty(),
+                            kind: PatKind::Constant { value: cv },
+                        })
+                    }),
+            },
+            mir::ConstantKind::Unevaluated(_, _) => {
+                span_bug!(self.span, "unevaluated const in `to_pat`: {cv:?}")
+            }
+            mir::ConstantKind::Val(_, _) => Box::new(Pat {
+                span: self.span,
+                ty: cv.ty(),
+                kind: PatKind::Constant { value: cv },
+            }),
+        };
 
         if !self.saw_const_match_error.get() {
             // If we were able to successfully convert the const to some pat,
@@ -149,29 +172,70 @@ impl<'tcx> ConstToPat<'tcx> {
             //
             // FIXME(#73448): Find a way to bring const qualification into parity with
             // `search_for_structural_match_violation`.
-            if structural.is_none() && mir_structural_match_violation {
+            if structural.is_none() && mir_structural_match_violation.unwrap_or(false) {
                 warn!("MIR const-checker found novel structural match violation. See #73448.");
                 return inlined_const_as_pat;
             }
 
             if let Some(non_sm_ty) = structural {
                 if !self.type_may_have_partial_eq_impl(cv.ty()) {
-                    // fatal avoids ICE from resolution of nonexistent method (rare case).
-                    self.tcx()
-                        .sess
-                        .emit_fatal(TypeNotStructural { span: self.span, non_sm_ty: non_sm_ty });
-                } else if mir_structural_match_violation && !self.saw_const_match_lint.get() {
-                    self.tcx().emit_spanned_lint(
-                        lint::builtin::INDIRECT_STRUCTURAL_MATCH,
-                        self.id,
-                        self.span,
-                        IndirectStructuralMatch { non_sm_ty },
-                    );
-                } else {
-                    debug!(
-                        "`search_for_structural_match_violation` found one, but `CustomEq` was \
-                          not in the qualifs for that `const`"
-                    );
+                    if let ty::Adt(def, ..) = non_sm_ty.kind() {
+                        if def.is_union() {
+                            let err = UnionPattern { span: self.span };
+                            self.tcx().sess.emit_err(err);
+                        } else {
+                            // fatal avoids ICE from resolution of nonexistent method (rare case).
+                            self.tcx()
+                                .sess
+                                .emit_fatal(TypeNotStructural { span: self.span, non_sm_ty });
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        let err = InvalidPattern { span: self.span, non_sm_ty };
+                        self.tcx().sess.emit_err(err);
+                        return Box::new(Pat { span: self.span, ty: cv.ty(), kind: PatKind::Wild });
+                    }
+                } else if !self.saw_const_match_lint.get() {
+                    if let Some(mir_structural_match_violation) = mir_structural_match_violation {
+                        match non_sm_ty.kind() {
+                            ty::RawPtr(pointee)
+                                if pointee.ty.is_sized(self.tcx(), self.param_env) => {}
+                            ty::FnPtr(..) | ty::RawPtr(..) => {
+                                self.tcx().emit_spanned_lint(
+                                    lint::builtin::POINTER_STRUCTURAL_MATCH,
+                                    self.id,
+                                    self.span,
+                                    PointerPattern,
+                                );
+                            }
+                            ty::Adt(..) if mir_structural_match_violation => {
+                                self.tcx().emit_spanned_lint(
+                                    lint::builtin::INDIRECT_STRUCTURAL_MATCH,
+                                    self.id,
+                                    self.span,
+                                    IndirectStructuralMatch { non_sm_ty },
+                                );
+                            }
+                            _ => {
+                                debug!(
+                                    "`search_for_structural_match_violation` found one, but `CustomEq` was \
+                                  not in the qualifs for that `const`"
+                                );
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            } else if !self.saw_const_match_lint.get() {
+                match cv.ty().kind() {
+                    ty::RawPtr(pointee) if pointee.ty.is_sized(self.tcx(), self.param_env) => {}
+                    ty::FnPtr(..) | ty::RawPtr(..) => {
+                        self.tcx().emit_spanned_lint(
+                            lint::builtin::POINTER_STRUCTURAL_MATCH,
+                            self.id,
+                            self.span,
+                            PointerPattern,
+                        );
+                    }
+                    _ => {}
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -179,6 +243,7 @@ impl<'tcx> ConstToPat<'tcx> {
         inlined_const_as_pat
     }
 
+    #[instrument(level = "trace", skip(self), ret)]
     fn type_may_have_partial_eq_impl(&self, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> bool {
         // double-check there even *is* a semantic `PartialEq` to dispatch to.
         //
@@ -195,29 +260,19 @@ impl<'tcx> ConstToPat<'tcx> {
         );
 
         // FIXME: should this call a `predicate_must_hold` variant instead?
-        let has_impl = self.infcx.predicate_may_hold(&partial_eq_obligation);
-
-        // Note: To fix rust-lang/rust#65466, we could just remove this type
-        // walk hack for function pointers, and unconditionally error
-        // if `PartialEq` is not implemented. However, that breaks stable
-        // code at the moment, because types like `for <'a> fn(&'a ())` do
-        // not *yet* implement `PartialEq`. So for now we leave this here.
-        has_impl
-            || ty.walk().any(|t| match t.unpack() {
-                ty::subst::GenericArgKind::Lifetime(_) => false,
-                ty::subst::GenericArgKind::Type(t) => t.is_fn_ptr(),
-                ty::subst::GenericArgKind::Const(_) => false,
-            })
+        self.infcx.predicate_may_hold(&partial_eq_obligation)
     }
 
     fn field_pats(
         &self,
-        vals: impl Iterator<Item = mir::ConstantKind<'tcx>>,
+        vals: impl Iterator<Item = (ValTree<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>)>,
     ) -> Result<Vec<FieldPat<'tcx>>, FallbackToConstRef> {
         vals.enumerate()
-            .map(|(idx, val)| {
+            .map(|(idx, (val, ty))| {
                 let field = FieldIdx::new(idx);
-                Ok(FieldPat { field, pattern: self.recur(val, false)? })
+                // Patterns can only use monomorphic types.
+                let ty = self.tcx().normalize_erasing_regions(self.param_env, ty);
+                Ok(FieldPat { field, pattern: self.recur(val, ty, false)? })
             })
             .collect()
     }
@@ -226,7 +281,8 @@ impl<'tcx> ConstToPat<'tcx> {
     #[instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
     fn recur(
         &self,
-        cv: mir::ConstantKind<'tcx>,
+        cv: ValTree<'tcx>,
+        ty: Ty<'tcx>,
         mir_structural_match_violation: bool,
     ) -> Result<Box<Pat<'tcx>>, FallbackToConstRef> {
         let id = self.id;
@@ -234,36 +290,16 @@ impl<'tcx> ConstToPat<'tcx> {
         let tcx = self.tcx();
         let param_env = self.param_env;
 
-        let kind = match cv.ty().kind() {
+        let kind = match ty.kind() {
             ty::Float(_) => {
-                    tcx.emit_spanned_lint(
-                        lint::builtin::ILLEGAL_FLOATING_POINT_LITERAL_PATTERN,
-                        id,
-                        span,
-                        FloatPattern,
-                    );
-                PatKind::Constant { value: cv }
-            }
-            ty::Adt(adt_def, _) if adt_def.is_union() => {
-                // Matching on union fields is unsafe, we can't hide it in constants
-                self.saw_const_match_error.set(true);
-                let err = UnionPattern { span };
-                tcx.sess.emit_err(err);
-                PatKind::Wild
-            }
-            ty::Adt(..)
-                if !self.type_may_have_partial_eq_impl(cv.ty())
-                    // FIXME(#73448): Find a way to bring const qualification into parity with
-                    // `search_for_structural_match_violation` and then remove this condition.
-
-                    // Obtain the actual type that isn't annotated. If we just looked at `cv.ty` we
-                    // could get `Option<NonStructEq>`, even though `Option` is annotated with derive.
-                    && let Some(non_sm_ty) = traits::search_for_structural_match_violation(span, tcx, cv.ty()) =>
-            {
-                self.saw_const_match_error.set(true);
-                let err = TypeNotStructural { span, non_sm_ty };
-                tcx.sess.emit_err(err);
-                PatKind::Wild
+                self.saw_const_match_lint.set(true);
+                tcx.emit_spanned_lint(
+                    lint::builtin::ILLEGAL_FLOATING_POINT_LITERAL_PATTERN,
+                    id,
+                    span,
+                    FloatPattern,
+                );
+                return Err(FallbackToConstRef);
             }
             // If the type is not structurally comparable, just emit the constant directly,
             // causing the pattern match code to treat it opaquely.
@@ -274,94 +310,90 @@ impl<'tcx> ConstToPat<'tcx> {
             // details.
             // Backwards compatibility hack because we can't cause hard errors on these
             // types, so we compare them via `PartialEq::eq` at runtime.
-            ty::Adt(..) if !self.type_marked_structural(cv.ty()) && self.behind_reference.get() => {
-                if !self.saw_const_match_error.get()
-                    && !self.saw_const_match_lint.get()
-                {
+            ty::Adt(..) if !self.type_marked_structural(ty) && self.behind_reference.get() => {
+                if !self.saw_const_match_error.get() && !self.saw_const_match_lint.get() {
                     self.saw_const_match_lint.set(true);
                     tcx.emit_spanned_lint(
                         lint::builtin::INDIRECT_STRUCTURAL_MATCH,
                         id,
                         span,
-                        IndirectStructuralMatch { non_sm_ty: cv.ty() },
+                        IndirectStructuralMatch { non_sm_ty: ty },
                     );
                 }
                 // Since we are behind a reference, we can just bubble the error up so we get a
                 // constant at reference type, making it easy to let the fallback call
                 // `PartialEq::eq` on it.
-                return Err(fallback_to_const_ref(self));
+                return Err(FallbackToConstRef);
             }
-            ty::Adt(adt_def, _) if !self.type_marked_structural(cv.ty()) => {
-                debug!(
-                    "adt_def {:?} has !type_marked_structural for cv.ty: {:?}",
-                    adt_def,
-                    cv.ty()
-                );
+            ty::Adt(adt_def, _) if !self.type_marked_structural(ty) => {
+                debug!("adt_def {:?} has !type_marked_structural for cv.ty: {:?}", adt_def, ty,);
                 self.saw_const_match_error.set(true);
-                let err = TypeNotStructural { span, non_sm_ty: cv.ty() };
+                let err = TypeNotStructural { span, non_sm_ty: ty };
                 tcx.sess.emit_err(err);
                 PatKind::Wild
             }
             ty::Adt(adt_def, substs) if adt_def.is_enum() => {
-                let destructured = tcx.destructure_mir_constant(param_env, cv);
-
+                let (&variant_index, fields) = cv.unwrap_branch().split_first().unwrap();
+                let variant_index =
+                    VariantIdx::from_u32(variant_index.unwrap_leaf().try_to_u32().ok().unwrap());
                 PatKind::Variant {
                     adt_def: *adt_def,
                     substs,
-                    variant_index: destructured
-                        .variant
-                        .expect("destructed const of adt without variant id"),
-                    subpatterns: self.field_pats(destructured.fields.iter().copied())?,
+                    variant_index,
+                    subpatterns: self.field_pats(
+                        fields.iter().copied().zip(
+                            adt_def.variants()[variant_index]
+                                .fields
+                                .iter()
+                                .map(|field| field.ty(self.tcx(), substs)),
+                        ),
+                    )?,
                 }
             }
-            ty::Tuple(_) | ty::Adt(_, _) => {
-                let destructured = tcx.destructure_mir_constant(param_env, cv);
-                PatKind::Leaf { subpatterns: self.field_pats(destructured.fields.iter().copied())? }
-            }
-            ty::Array(..) => PatKind::Array {
-                prefix: tcx
-                    .destructure_mir_constant(param_env, cv)
-                    .fields
+            ty::Tuple(fields) => PatKind::Leaf {
+                subpatterns: self
+                    .field_pats(cv.unwrap_branch().iter().copied().zip(fields.iter()))?,
+            },
+            ty::Adt(def, substs) => PatKind::Leaf {
+                subpatterns: self.field_pats(cv.unwrap_branch().iter().copied().zip(
+                    def.non_enum_variant().fields.iter().map(|field| field.ty(self.tcx(), substs)),
+                ))?,
+            },
+            ty::Array(elem_ty, _) => PatKind::Array {
+                prefix: cv
+                    .unwrap_branch()
                     .iter()
-                    .map(|val| self.recur(*val, false))
+                    .map(|val| self.recur(*val, *elem_ty, false))
                     .collect::<Result<_, _>>()?,
                 slice: None,
                 suffix: Box::new([]),
             },
             ty::Ref(_, pointee_ty, ..) => match *pointee_ty.kind() {
-                // These are not allowed and will error elsewhere anyway.
-                ty::Dynamic(..) => {
-                    self.saw_const_match_error.set(true);
-                    let err = InvalidPattern { span, non_sm_ty: cv.ty() };
-                    tcx.sess.emit_err(err);
-                    PatKind::Wild
-                }
-                // `&str` is represented as `ConstValue::Slice`, let's keep using this
+                // `&str` is represented as a valtree, let's keep using this
                 // optimization for now.
-                ty::Str => PatKind::Constant { value: cv },
+                ty::Str => PatKind::Constant { value: mir::ConstantKind::Ty(tcx.mk_const(cv, ty)) },
                 // `b"foo"` produces a `&[u8; 3]`, but you can't use constants of array type when
                 // matching against references, you can only use byte string literals.
                 // The typechecker has a special case for byte string literals, by treating them
                 // as slices. This means we turn `&[T; N]` constants into slice patterns, which
                 // has no negative effects on pattern matching, even if we're actually matching on
                 // arrays.
-                ty::Array(..) if !self.treat_byte_string_as_slice => {
+                ty::Array(elem_ty, _) if !self.treat_byte_string_as_slice => {
                     let old = self.behind_reference.replace(true);
-                    let array = tcx.deref_mir_constant(self.param_env.and(cv));
+                    // References have the same valtree representation as their pointee.
+                    let array = cv;
                     let val = PatKind::Deref {
                         subpattern: Box::new(Pat {
                             kind: PatKind::Array {
-                                prefix: tcx
-                                    .destructure_mir_constant(param_env, array)
-                                    .fields
+                                prefix: array.unwrap_branch()
                                     .iter()
-                                    .map(|val| self.recur(*val, false))
+                                    .map(|val| self.recur(*val, elem_ty, false))
                                     .collect::<Result<_, _>>()?,
                                 slice: None,
                                 suffix: Box::new([]),
                             },
                             span,
-                            ty: *pointee_ty,
+                            ty: tcx.mk_slice(elem_ty),
                         }),
                     };
                     self.behind_reference.set(old);
@@ -373,15 +405,14 @@ impl<'tcx> ConstToPat<'tcx> {
                 // pattern.
                 ty::Slice(elem_ty) => {
                     let old = self.behind_reference.replace(true);
-                    let array = tcx.deref_mir_constant(self.param_env.and(cv));
+                    // References have the same valtree representation as their pointee.
+                    let array = cv;
                     let val = PatKind::Deref {
                         subpattern: Box::new(Pat {
                             kind: PatKind::Slice {
-                                prefix: tcx
-                                    .destructure_mir_constant(param_env, array)
-                                    .fields
+                                prefix: array.unwrap_branch()
                                     .iter()
-                                    .map(|val| self.recur(*val, false))
+                                    .map(|val| self.recur(*val, elem_ty, false))
                                     .collect::<Result<_, _>>()?,
                                 slice: None,
                                 suffix: Box::new([]),
@@ -393,11 +424,11 @@ impl<'tcx> ConstToPat<'tcx> {
                     self.behind_reference.set(old);
                     val
                 }
-                // Backwards compatibility hack: support references to non-structural types.
-                // We'll lower
-                // this pattern to a `PartialEq::eq` comparison and `PartialEq::eq` takes a
-                // reference. This makes the rest of the matching logic simpler as it doesn't have
-                // to figure out how to get a reference again.
+                // Backwards compatibility hack: support references to non-structural types,
+                // but hard error if we aren't behind a double reference. We could just use
+                // the fallback code path below, but that would allow *more* of this fishy
+                // code to compile, as then it only goes through the future incompat lint
+                // instead of a hard error.
                 ty::Adt(_, _) if !self.type_marked_structural(*pointee_ty) => {
                     if self.behind_reference.get() {
                         if !self.saw_const_match_error.get()
@@ -411,7 +442,7 @@ impl<'tcx> ConstToPat<'tcx> {
                                 IndirectStructuralMatch { non_sm_ty: *pointee_ty },
                             );
                         }
-                        PatKind::Constant { value: cv }
+                        return Err(FallbackToConstRef);
                     } else {
                         if !self.saw_const_match_error.get() {
                             self.saw_const_match_error.set(true);
@@ -426,55 +457,28 @@ impl<'tcx> ConstToPat<'tcx> {
                 // deref pattern.
                 _ => {
                     if !pointee_ty.is_sized(tcx, param_env) {
-                        // `tcx.deref_mir_constant()` below will ICE with an unsized type
-                        // (except slices, which are handled in a separate arm above).
-
                         let err = UnsizedPattern { span, non_sm_ty: *pointee_ty };
                         tcx.sess.emit_err(err);
 
+                        // FIXME: introduce PatKind::Error to silence follow up diagnostics due to unreachable patterns.
                         PatKind::Wild
                     } else {
                         let old = self.behind_reference.replace(true);
-                        // In case there are structural-match violations somewhere in this subpattern,
-                        // we fall back to a const pattern. If we do not do this, we may end up with
-                        // a !structural-match constant that is not of reference type, which makes it
-                        // very hard to invoke `PartialEq::eq` on it as a fallback.
-                        let val = match self.recur(tcx.deref_mir_constant(self.param_env.and(cv)), false) {
-                            Ok(subpattern) => PatKind::Deref { subpattern },
-                            Err(_) => PatKind::Constant { value: cv },
-                        };
+                        // References have the same valtree representation as their pointee.
+                        let subpattern = self.recur(cv, *pointee_ty, false)?;
                         self.behind_reference.set(old);
-                        val
+                        PatKind::Deref { subpattern }
                     }
                 }
             },
             ty::Bool | ty::Char | ty::Int(_) | ty::Uint(_) | ty::FnDef(..) => {
-                PatKind::Constant { value: cv }
-            }
-            ty::RawPtr(pointee) if pointee.ty.is_sized(tcx, param_env) => {
-                PatKind::Constant { value: cv }
-            }
-            // FIXME: these can have very surprising behaviour where optimization levels or other
-            // compilation choices change the runtime behaviour of the match.
-            // See https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/70861 for examples.
-            ty::FnPtr(..) | ty::RawPtr(..) => {
-                if !self.saw_const_match_error.get()
-                    && !self.saw_const_match_lint.get()
-                {
-                    self.saw_const_match_lint.set(true);
-                    tcx.emit_spanned_lint(
-                        lint::builtin::POINTER_STRUCTURAL_MATCH,
-                        id,
-                        span,
-                        PointerPattern
-                    );
-                }
-                PatKind::Constant { value: cv }
+                PatKind::Constant { value: mir::ConstantKind::Ty(tcx.mk_const(cv, ty)) }
             }
+            ty::FnPtr(..) | ty::RawPtr(..) => unreachable!(),
             _ => {
                 self.saw_const_match_error.set(true);
-                let err = InvalidPattern { span, non_sm_ty: cv.ty() };
-                    tcx.sess.emit_err(err);
+                let err = InvalidPattern { span, non_sm_ty: ty };
+                tcx.sess.emit_err(err);
                 PatKind::Wild
             }
         };
@@ -487,7 +491,7 @@ impl<'tcx> ConstToPat<'tcx> {
 
             // Obtain the actual type that isn't annotated. If we just looked at `cv.ty` we
             // could get `Option<NonStructEq>`, even though `Option` is annotated with derive.
-            && let Some(non_sm_ty) = traits::search_for_structural_match_violation(span, tcx, cv.ty())
+            && let Some(non_sm_ty) = traits::search_for_structural_match_violation(span, tcx, ty)
         {
             self.saw_const_match_lint.set(true);
             tcx.emit_spanned_lint(
@@ -498,6 +502,6 @@ impl<'tcx> ConstToPat<'tcx> {
             );
         }
 
-        Ok(Box::new(Pat { span, ty: cv.ty(), kind }))
+        Ok(Box::new(Pat { span, ty, kind }))
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/deconstruct_pat.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/deconstruct_pat.rs
index 9af13781312..9df6d2f43ad 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/deconstruct_pat.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/deconstruct_pat.rs
@@ -53,11 +53,11 @@ use smallvec::{smallvec, SmallVec};
 use rustc_data_structures::captures::Captures;
 use rustc_hir::{HirId, RangeEnd};
 use rustc_index::Idx;
+use rustc_middle::middle::stability::EvalResult;
 use rustc_middle::mir;
 use rustc_middle::thir::{FieldPat, Pat, PatKind, PatRange};
 use rustc_middle::ty::layout::IntegerExt;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty, TyCtxt, VariantDef};
-use rustc_middle::{middle::stability::EvalResult, mir::interpret::ConstValue};
 use rustc_session::lint;
 use rustc_span::{Span, DUMMY_SP};
 use rustc_target::abi::{FieldIdx, Integer, Size, VariantIdx, FIRST_VARIANT};
@@ -140,28 +140,17 @@ impl IntRange {
         value: mir::ConstantKind<'tcx>,
     ) -> Option<IntRange> {
         let ty = value.ty();
-        if let Some((target_size, bias)) = Self::integral_size_and_signed_bias(tcx, ty) {
-            let val = if let mir::ConstantKind::Val(ConstValue::Scalar(scalar), _) = value {
-                // For this specific pattern we can skip a lot of effort and go
-                // straight to the result, after doing a bit of checking. (We
-                // could remove this branch and just fall through, which
-                // is more general but much slower.)
-                scalar.to_bits_or_ptr_internal(target_size).unwrap().left()?
-            } else {
-                if let mir::ConstantKind::Ty(c) = value
-                    && let ty::ConstKind::Value(_) = c.kind()
-                {
-                    bug!("encountered ConstValue in mir::ConstantKind::Ty, whereas this is expected to be in ConstantKind::Val");
-                }
+        let (target_size, bias) = Self::integral_size_and_signed_bias(tcx, ty)?;
+        let val = match value {
+            mir::ConstantKind::Ty(c) if let ty::ConstKind::Value(valtree) = c.kind() => {
+                valtree.unwrap_leaf().to_bits(target_size).ok()
+            },
+            // This is a more general form of the previous case.
+            _ => value.try_eval_bits(tcx, param_env, ty),
+        }?;
 
-                // This is a more general form of the previous case.
-                value.try_eval_bits(tcx, param_env, ty)?
-            };
-            let val = val ^ bias;
-            Some(IntRange { range: val..=val, bias })
-        } else {
-            None
-        }
+        let val = val ^ bias;
+        Some(IntRange { range: val..=val, bias })
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -844,8 +833,8 @@ impl<'tcx> Constructor<'tcx> {
     }
 
     /// Faster version of `is_covered_by` when applied to many constructors. `used_ctors` is
-    /// assumed to be built from `matrix.head_ctors()` with wildcards filtered out, and `self` is
-    /// assumed to have been split from a wildcard.
+    /// assumed to be built from `matrix.head_ctors()` with wildcards and opaques filtered out,
+    /// and `self` is assumed to have been split from a wildcard.
     fn is_covered_by_any<'p>(
         &self,
         pcx: &PatCtxt<'_, 'p, 'tcx>,
@@ -894,7 +883,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Constructor<'tcx> {
 /// in `to_ctors`: in some cases we only return `Missing`.
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub(super) struct SplitWildcard<'tcx> {
-    /// Constructors seen in the matrix.
+    /// Constructors (other than wildcards and opaques) seen in the matrix.
     matrix_ctors: Vec<Constructor<'tcx>>,
     /// All the constructors for this type
     all_ctors: SmallVec<[Constructor<'tcx>; 1]>,
@@ -1037,7 +1026,7 @@ impl<'tcx> SplitWildcard<'tcx> {
         // Since `all_ctors` never contains wildcards, this won't recurse further.
         self.all_ctors =
             self.all_ctors.iter().flat_map(|ctor| ctor.split(pcx, ctors.clone())).collect();
-        self.matrix_ctors = ctors.filter(|c| !c.is_wildcard()).cloned().collect();
+        self.matrix_ctors = ctors.filter(|c| !matches!(c, Wildcard | Opaque)).cloned().collect();
     }
 
     /// Whether there are any value constructors for this type that are not present in the matrix.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/mod.rs
index 1cf2f7ec0ff..1bbe7b45c1e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/mod.rs
@@ -18,14 +18,15 @@ use rustc_hir::pat_util::EnumerateAndAdjustIterator;
 use rustc_hir::RangeEnd;
 use rustc_index::Idx;
 use rustc_middle::mir::interpret::{
-    ConstValue, ErrorHandled, LitToConstError, LitToConstInput, Scalar,
+    ConstValue, ErrorHandled, GlobalId, LitToConstError, LitToConstInput, Scalar,
 };
-use rustc_middle::mir::{self, UserTypeProjection};
+use rustc_middle::mir::{self, ConstantKind, UserTypeProjection};
 use rustc_middle::mir::{BorrowKind, Mutability};
 use rustc_middle::thir::{Ascription, BindingMode, FieldPat, LocalVarId, Pat, PatKind, PatRange};
 use rustc_middle::ty::subst::{GenericArg, SubstsRef};
 use rustc_middle::ty::CanonicalUserTypeAnnotation;
-use rustc_middle::ty::{self, AdtDef, ConstKind, Region, Ty, TyCtxt, UserType};
+use rustc_middle::ty::TypeVisitableExt;
+use rustc_middle::ty::{self, AdtDef, Region, Ty, TyCtxt, UserType};
 use rustc_span::{Span, Symbol};
 use rustc_target::abi::FieldIdx;
 
@@ -518,16 +519,24 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> PatCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             }
         };
 
-        // `mir_const_qualif` must be called with the `DefId` of the item where the const is
-        // defined, not where it is declared. The difference is significant for associated
-        // constants.
-        let mir_structural_match_violation = self.tcx.mir_const_qualif(instance.def_id()).custom_eq;
-        debug!("mir_structural_match_violation({:?}) -> {}", qpath, mir_structural_match_violation);
-
-        match self.tcx.const_eval_instance(param_env_reveal_all, instance, Some(span)) {
-            Ok(literal) => {
-                let const_ = mir::ConstantKind::Val(literal, ty);
-                let pattern = self.const_to_pat(const_, id, span, mir_structural_match_violation);
+        let cid = GlobalId { instance, promoted: None };
+        // Prefer valtrees over opaque constants.
+        let const_value = self
+            .tcx
+            .const_eval_global_id_for_typeck(param_env_reveal_all, cid, Some(span))
+            .map(|val| match val {
+                Some(valtree) => mir::ConstantKind::Ty(self.tcx.mk_const(valtree, ty)),
+                None => mir::ConstantKind::Val(
+                    self.tcx
+                        .const_eval_global_id(param_env_reveal_all, cid, Some(span))
+                        .expect("const_eval_global_id_for_typeck should have already failed"),
+                    ty,
+                ),
+            });
+
+        match const_value {
+            Ok(const_) => {
+                let pattern = self.const_to_pat(const_, id, span, Some(instance.def_id()));
 
                 if !is_associated_const {
                     return pattern;
@@ -577,27 +586,69 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> PatCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         id: hir::HirId,
         span: Span,
     ) -> PatKind<'tcx> {
-        let value = mir::ConstantKind::from_inline_const(self.tcx, anon_const.def_id);
-
-        // Evaluate early like we do in `lower_path`.
-        let value = value.eval(self.tcx, self.param_env);
-
-        match value {
-            mir::ConstantKind::Ty(c) => match c.kind() {
-                ConstKind::Param(_) => {
-                    self.tcx.sess.emit_err(ConstParamInPattern { span });
-                    return PatKind::Wild;
-                }
-                ConstKind::Error(_) => {
-                    return PatKind::Wild;
+        let tcx = self.tcx;
+        let def_id = anon_const.def_id;
+        let hir_id = tcx.hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(def_id);
+        let body_id = match tcx.hir().get(hir_id) {
+            hir::Node::AnonConst(ac) => ac.body,
+            _ => span_bug!(
+                tcx.def_span(def_id.to_def_id()),
+                "from_inline_const can only process anonymous constants"
+            ),
+        };
+        let expr = &tcx.hir().body(body_id).value;
+        let ty = tcx.typeck(def_id).node_type(hir_id);
+
+        // Special case inline consts that are just literals. This is solely
+        // a performance optimization, as we could also just go through the regular
+        // const eval path below.
+        // FIXME: investigate the performance impact of removing this.
+        let lit_input = match expr.kind {
+            hir::ExprKind::Lit(ref lit) => Some(LitToConstInput { lit: &lit.node, ty, neg: false }),
+            hir::ExprKind::Unary(hir::UnOp::Neg, ref expr) => match expr.kind {
+                hir::ExprKind::Lit(ref lit) => {
+                    Some(LitToConstInput { lit: &lit.node, ty, neg: true })
                 }
-                _ => bug!("Expected ConstKind::Param"),
+                _ => None,
             },
-            mir::ConstantKind::Val(_, _) => self.const_to_pat(value, id, span, false).kind,
-            mir::ConstantKind::Unevaluated(..) => {
-                // If we land here it means the const can't be evaluated because it's `TooGeneric`.
-                self.tcx.sess.emit_err(ConstPatternDependsOnGenericParameter { span });
-                return PatKind::Wild;
+            _ => None,
+        };
+        if let Some(lit_input) = lit_input {
+            match tcx.at(expr.span).lit_to_const(lit_input) {
+                Ok(c) => return self.const_to_pat(ConstantKind::Ty(c), id, span, None).kind,
+                // If an error occurred, ignore that it's a literal
+                // and leave reporting the error up to const eval of
+                // the unevaluated constant below.
+                Err(_) => {}
+            }
+        }
+
+        let typeck_root_def_id = tcx.typeck_root_def_id(def_id.to_def_id());
+        let parent_substs =
+            tcx.erase_regions(ty::InternalSubsts::identity_for_item(tcx, typeck_root_def_id));
+        let substs =
+            ty::InlineConstSubsts::new(tcx, ty::InlineConstSubstsParts { parent_substs, ty })
+                .substs;
+
+        let uneval = mir::UnevaluatedConst { def: def_id.to_def_id(), substs, promoted: None };
+        debug_assert!(!substs.has_free_regions());
+
+        let ct = ty::UnevaluatedConst { def: def_id.to_def_id(), substs: substs };
+        // First try using a valtree in order to destructure the constant into a pattern.
+        if let Ok(Some(valtree)) =
+            self.tcx.const_eval_resolve_for_typeck(self.param_env, ct, Some(span))
+        {
+            self.const_to_pat(ConstantKind::Ty(self.tcx.mk_const(valtree, ty)), id, span, None).kind
+        } else {
+            // If that fails, convert it to an opaque constant pattern.
+            match tcx.const_eval_resolve(self.param_env, uneval, None) {
+                Ok(val) => self.const_to_pat(mir::ConstantKind::Val(val, ty), id, span, None).kind,
+                Err(ErrorHandled::TooGeneric) => {
+                    // If we land here it means the const can't be evaluated because it's `TooGeneric`.
+                    self.tcx.sess.emit_err(ConstPatternDependsOnGenericParameter { span });
+                    PatKind::Wild
+                }
+                Err(ErrorHandled::Reported(_)) => PatKind::Wild,
             }
         }
     }
@@ -626,8 +677,10 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> PatCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
 
         let lit_input =
             LitToConstInput { lit: &lit.node, ty: self.typeck_results.expr_ty(expr), neg };
-        match self.tcx.at(expr.span).lit_to_mir_constant(lit_input) {
-            Ok(constant) => self.const_to_pat(constant, expr.hir_id, lit.span, false).kind,
+        match self.tcx.at(expr.span).lit_to_const(lit_input) {
+            Ok(constant) => {
+                self.const_to_pat(ConstantKind::Ty(constant), expr.hir_id, lit.span, None).kind
+            }
             Err(LitToConstError::Reported(_)) => PatKind::Wild,
             Err(LitToConstError::TypeError) => bug!("lower_lit: had type error"),
         }
@@ -806,6 +859,9 @@ pub(crate) fn compare_const_vals<'tcx>(
                 mir::ConstantKind::Val(ConstValue::Scalar(Scalar::Int(a)), _a_ty),
                 mir::ConstantKind::Val(ConstValue::Scalar(Scalar::Int(b)), _b_ty),
             ) => return Some(a.cmp(&b)),
+            (mir::ConstantKind::Ty(a), mir::ConstantKind::Ty(b)) => {
+                return Some(a.kind().cmp(&b.kind()));
+            }
             _ => {}
         },
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/usefulness.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/usefulness.rs
index f229b10c447..e5b63506906 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/usefulness.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/usefulness.rs
@@ -288,6 +288,22 @@
 //!
 //! The details are not necessary to understand this file, so we explain them in
 //! [`super::deconstruct_pat`]. Splitting is done by the [`Constructor::split`] function.
+//!
+//! # Constants in patterns
+//!
+//! There are two kinds of constants in patterns:
+//!
+//! * literals (`1`, `true`, `"foo"`)
+//! * named or inline consts (`FOO`, `const { 5 + 6 }`)
+//!
+//! The latter are converted into other patterns with literals at the leaves. For example
+//! `const_to_pat(const { [1, 2, 3] })` becomes an `Array(vec![Const(1), Const(2), Const(3)])`
+//! pattern. This gets problematic when comparing the constant via `==` would behave differently
+//! from matching on the constant converted to a pattern. Situations like that can occur, when
+//! the user implements `PartialEq` manually, and thus could make `==` behave arbitrarily different.
+//! In order to honor the `==` implementation, constants of types that implement `PartialEq` manually
+//! stay as a full constant and become an `Opaque` pattern. These `Opaque` patterns do not participate
+//! in exhaustiveness, specialization or overlap checking.
 
 use self::ArmType::*;
 use self::Usefulness::*;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/messages.ftl
index 98854152508..5698367e42b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/messages.ftl
@@ -1,29 +1,29 @@
+mir_dataflow_duplicate_values_for =
+    duplicate values for `{$name}`
+
 mir_dataflow_path_must_end_in_filename =
     path must end in a filename
 
-mir_dataflow_unknown_formatter =
-    unknown formatter
+mir_dataflow_peek_argument_not_a_local =
+    rustc_peek: argument was not a local
 
-mir_dataflow_duplicate_values_for =
-    duplicate values for `{$name}`
+mir_dataflow_peek_argument_untracked =
+    rustc_peek: argument untracked
 
-mir_dataflow_requires_an_argument =
-    `{$name}` requires an argument
+mir_dataflow_peek_bit_not_set =
+    rustc_peek: bit not set
 
-mir_dataflow_stop_after_dataflow_ended_compilation =
-    stop_after_dataflow ended compilation
+mir_dataflow_peek_must_be_not_temporary =
+    dataflow::sanity_check cannot feed a non-temp to rustc_peek
 
 mir_dataflow_peek_must_be_place_or_ref_place =
     rustc_peek: argument expression must be either `place` or `&place`
 
-mir_dataflow_peek_must_be_not_temporary =
-    dataflow::sanity_check cannot feed a non-temp to rustc_peek
-
-mir_dataflow_peek_bit_not_set =
-    rustc_peek: bit not set
+mir_dataflow_requires_an_argument =
+    `{$name}` requires an argument
 
-mir_dataflow_peek_argument_not_a_local =
-    rustc_peek: argument was not a local
+mir_dataflow_stop_after_dataflow_ended_compilation =
+    stop_after_dataflow ended compilation
 
-mir_dataflow_peek_argument_untracked =
-    rustc_peek: argument untracked
+mir_dataflow_unknown_formatter =
+    unknown formatter
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/elaborate_drops.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/elaborate_drops.rs
index 2e68c794356..d615c83d621 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/elaborate_drops.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/elaborate_drops.rs
@@ -237,6 +237,7 @@ where
                         place: self.place,
                         target: self.succ,
                         unwind: self.unwind.into_action(),
+                        replace: false,
                     },
                 );
             }
@@ -276,6 +277,7 @@ where
                 assert_eq!(self.elaborator.param_env().reveal(), Reveal::All);
                 let field_ty =
                     tcx.normalize_erasing_regions(self.elaborator.param_env(), f.ty(tcx, substs));
+
                 (tcx.mk_place_field(base_place, field, field_ty), subpath)
             })
             .collect()
@@ -718,6 +720,7 @@ where
                 place: tcx.mk_place_deref(ptr),
                 target: loop_block,
                 unwind: unwind.into_action(),
+                replace: false,
             },
         );
 
@@ -962,8 +965,12 @@ where
     }
 
     fn drop_block(&mut self, target: BasicBlock, unwind: Unwind) -> BasicBlock {
-        let block =
-            TerminatorKind::Drop { place: self.place, target, unwind: unwind.into_action() };
+        let block = TerminatorKind::Drop {
+            place: self.place,
+            target,
+            unwind: unwind.into_action(),
+            replace: false,
+        };
         self.new_block(unwind, block)
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/framework/direction.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/framework/direction.rs
index c8fe1af6674..ba328e78040 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/framework/direction.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/framework/direction.rs
@@ -479,7 +479,7 @@ impl Direction for Forward {
             Goto { target } => propagate(target, exit_state),
 
             Assert { target, unwind, expected: _, msg: _, cond: _ }
-            | Drop { target, unwind, place: _ }
+            | Drop { target, unwind, place: _, replace: _ }
             | FalseUnwind { real_target: target, unwind } => {
                 if let UnwindAction::Cleanup(unwind) = unwind {
                     propagate(unwind, exit_state);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/impls/liveness.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/impls/liveness.rs
index aeca0073304..6ae6bdc17d5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/impls/liveness.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/impls/liveness.rs
@@ -199,8 +199,7 @@ impl DefUse {
                 | NonMutatingUseContext::Move
                 | NonMutatingUseContext::PlaceMention
                 | NonMutatingUseContext::ShallowBorrow
-                | NonMutatingUseContext::SharedBorrow
-                | NonMutatingUseContext::UniqueBorrow,
+                | NonMutatingUseContext::SharedBorrow,
             ) => Some(DefUse::Use),
 
             PlaceContext::MutatingUse(MutatingUseContext::Projection)
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/messages.ftl
index 8c85cb5f76d..b13429d121d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/messages.ftl
@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+mir_transform_arithmetic_overflow = this arithmetic operation will overflow
+mir_transform_call_to_unsafe_label = call to unsafe function
+mir_transform_call_to_unsafe_note = consult the function's documentation for information on how to avoid undefined behavior
+mir_transform_const_defined_here = `const` item defined here
+
 mir_transform_const_modify = attempting to modify a `const` item
     .note = each usage of a `const` item creates a new temporary; the original `const` item will not be modified
 
@@ -6,50 +11,10 @@ mir_transform_const_mut_borrow = taking a mutable reference to a `const` item
     .note2 = the mutable reference will refer to this temporary, not the original `const` item
     .note3 = mutable reference created due to call to this method
 
-mir_transform_const_defined_here = `const` item defined here
-
-mir_transform_unaligned_packed_ref = reference to packed field is unaligned
-    .note = packed structs are only aligned by one byte, and many modern architectures penalize unaligned field accesses
-    .note_ub = creating a misaligned reference is undefined behavior (even if that reference is never dereferenced)
-    .help = copy the field contents to a local variable, or replace the reference with a raw pointer and use `read_unaligned`/`write_unaligned` (loads and stores via `*p` must be properly aligned even when using raw pointers)
-
-mir_transform_unused_unsafe = unnecessary `unsafe` block
-    .label = because it's nested under this `unsafe` block
-
-mir_transform_requires_unsafe = {$details} is unsafe and requires unsafe {$op_in_unsafe_fn_allowed ->
-    [true] function or block
-    *[false] block
-    }
-    .not_inherited = items do not inherit unsafety from separate enclosing items
-
-mir_transform_call_to_unsafe_label = call to unsafe function
-mir_transform_call_to_unsafe_note = consult the function's documentation for information on how to avoid undefined behavior
-mir_transform_use_of_asm_label = use of inline assembly
-mir_transform_use_of_asm_note = inline assembly is entirely unchecked and can cause undefined behavior
-mir_transform_initializing_valid_range_label = initializing type with `rustc_layout_scalar_valid_range` attr
-mir_transform_initializing_valid_range_note = initializing a layout restricted type's field with a value outside the valid range is undefined behavior
 mir_transform_const_ptr2int_label = cast of pointer to int
 mir_transform_const_ptr2int_note = casting pointers to integers in constants
-mir_transform_use_of_static_mut_label = use of mutable static
-mir_transform_use_of_static_mut_note = mutable statics can be mutated by multiple threads: aliasing violations or data races will cause undefined behavior
-mir_transform_use_of_extern_static_label = use of extern static
-mir_transform_use_of_extern_static_note = extern statics are not controlled by the Rust type system: invalid data, aliasing violations or data races will cause undefined behavior
 mir_transform_deref_ptr_label = dereference of raw pointer
 mir_transform_deref_ptr_note = raw pointers may be null, dangling or unaligned; they can violate aliasing rules and cause data races: all of these are undefined behavior
-mir_transform_union_access_label = access to union field
-mir_transform_union_access_note = the field may not be properly initialized: using uninitialized data will cause undefined behavior
-mir_transform_mutation_layout_constrained_label = mutation of layout constrained field
-mir_transform_mutation_layout_constrained_note = mutating layout constrained fields cannot statically be checked for valid values
-mir_transform_mutation_layout_constrained_borrow_label = borrow of layout constrained field with interior mutability
-mir_transform_mutation_layout_constrained_borrow_note = references to fields of layout constrained fields lose the constraints. Coupled with interior mutability, the field can be changed to invalid values
-mir_transform_target_feature_call_label = call to function with `#[target_feature]`
-mir_transform_target_feature_call_note = can only be called if the required target features are available
-
-mir_transform_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn = {$details} is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
-
-mir_transform_arithmetic_overflow = this arithmetic operation will overflow
-mir_transform_operation_will_panic = this operation will panic at runtime
-
 mir_transform_ffi_unwind_call = call to {$foreign ->
     [true] foreign function
     *[false] function pointer
@@ -58,9 +23,45 @@ mir_transform_ffi_unwind_call = call to {$foreign ->
 mir_transform_fn_item_ref = taking a reference to a function item does not give a function pointer
     .suggestion = cast `{$ident}` to obtain a function pointer
 
+mir_transform_initializing_valid_range_label = initializing type with `rustc_layout_scalar_valid_range` attr
+mir_transform_initializing_valid_range_note = initializing a layout restricted type's field with a value outside the valid range is undefined behavior
 mir_transform_must_not_suspend = {$pre}`{$def_path}`{$post} held across a suspend point, but should not be
     .label = the value is held across this suspend point
     .note = {$reason}
     .help = consider using a block (`{"{ ... }"}`) to shrink the value's scope, ending before the suspend point
 
+mir_transform_mutation_layout_constrained_borrow_label = borrow of layout constrained field with interior mutability
+mir_transform_mutation_layout_constrained_borrow_note = references to fields of layout constrained fields lose the constraints. Coupled with interior mutability, the field can be changed to invalid values
+mir_transform_mutation_layout_constrained_label = mutation of layout constrained field
+mir_transform_mutation_layout_constrained_note = mutating layout constrained fields cannot statically be checked for valid values
+mir_transform_operation_will_panic = this operation will panic at runtime
+
+mir_transform_requires_unsafe = {$details} is unsafe and requires unsafe {$op_in_unsafe_fn_allowed ->
+    [true] function or block
+    *[false] block
+    }
+    .not_inherited = items do not inherit unsafety from separate enclosing items
+
 mir_transform_simd_shuffle_last_const = last argument of `simd_shuffle` is required to be a `const` item
+
+mir_transform_target_feature_call_label = call to function with `#[target_feature]`
+mir_transform_target_feature_call_note = can only be called if the required target features are available
+
+mir_transform_unaligned_packed_ref = reference to packed field is unaligned
+    .note = packed structs are only aligned by one byte, and many modern architectures penalize unaligned field accesses
+    .note_ub = creating a misaligned reference is undefined behavior (even if that reference is never dereferenced)
+    .help = copy the field contents to a local variable, or replace the reference with a raw pointer and use `read_unaligned`/`write_unaligned` (loads and stores via `*p` must be properly aligned even when using raw pointers)
+
+mir_transform_union_access_label = access to union field
+mir_transform_union_access_note = the field may not be properly initialized: using uninitialized data will cause undefined behavior
+mir_transform_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn = {$details} is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
+
+mir_transform_unused_unsafe = unnecessary `unsafe` block
+    .label = because it's nested under this `unsafe` block
+
+mir_transform_use_of_asm_label = use of inline assembly
+mir_transform_use_of_asm_note = inline assembly is entirely unchecked and can cause undefined behavior
+mir_transform_use_of_extern_static_label = use of extern static
+mir_transform_use_of_extern_static_note = extern statics are not controlled by the Rust type system: invalid data, aliasing violations or data races will cause undefined behavior
+mir_transform_use_of_static_mut_label = use of mutable static
+mir_transform_use_of_static_mut_note = mutable statics can be mutated by multiple threads: aliasing violations or data races will cause undefined behavior
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/add_moves_for_packed_drops.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/add_moves_for_packed_drops.rs
index b29ffcc70f9..ef2a0c790e9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/add_moves_for_packed_drops.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/add_moves_for_packed_drops.rs
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ fn add_move_for_packed_drop<'tcx>(
     is_cleanup: bool,
 ) {
     debug!("add_move_for_packed_drop({:?} @ {:?})", terminator, loc);
-    let TerminatorKind::Drop { ref place, target, unwind } = terminator.kind else {
+    let TerminatorKind::Drop { ref place, target, unwind, replace } = terminator.kind else {
         unreachable!();
     };
 
@@ -98,6 +98,11 @@ fn add_move_for_packed_drop<'tcx>(
     patch.add_assign(loc, Place::from(temp), Rvalue::Use(Operand::Move(*place)));
     patch.patch_terminator(
         loc.block,
-        TerminatorKind::Drop { place: Place::from(temp), target: storage_dead_block, unwind },
+        TerminatorKind::Drop {
+            place: Place::from(temp),
+            target: storage_dead_block,
+            unwind,
+            replace,
+        },
     );
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/check_alignment.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/check_alignment.rs
index d60184e0ebe..1fe8ea07892 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/check_alignment.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/check_alignment.rs
@@ -75,6 +75,14 @@ struct PointerFinder<'tcx, 'a> {
 }
 
 impl<'tcx, 'a> Visitor<'tcx> for PointerFinder<'tcx, 'a> {
+    fn visit_rvalue(&mut self, rvalue: &Rvalue<'tcx>, location: Location) {
+        if let Rvalue::AddressOf(..) = rvalue {
+            // Ignore dereferences inside of an AddressOf
+            return;
+        }
+        self.super_rvalue(rvalue, location);
+    }
+
     fn visit_place(&mut self, place: &Place<'tcx>, context: PlaceContext, _location: Location) {
         if let PlaceContext::NonUse(_) = context {
             return;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/check_unsafety.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/check_unsafety.rs
index bdb4f20da10..069514d8a3b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/check_unsafety.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/check_unsafety.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use rustc_hir::intravisit;
 use rustc_hir::{BlockCheckMode, ExprKind, Node};
 use rustc_middle::mir::visit::{MutatingUseContext, PlaceContext, Visitor};
 use rustc_middle::mir::*;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_session::lint::builtin::{UNSAFE_OP_IN_UNSAFE_FN, UNUSED_UNSAFE};
 use rustc_session::lint::Level;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/const_goto.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/const_goto.rs
index da101ca7ad2..024bea62098 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/const_goto.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/const_goto.rs
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ pub struct ConstGoto;
 
 impl<'tcx> MirPass<'tcx> for ConstGoto {
     fn is_enabled(&self, sess: &rustc_session::Session) -> bool {
-        sess.mir_opt_level() >= 4
+        sess.mir_opt_level() >= 2
     }
 
     fn run_pass(&self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, body: &mut Body<'tcx>) {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/const_prop.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/const_prop.rs
index a5d18fff89b..f66a7a42ff8 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/const_prop.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/const_prop.rs
@@ -103,7 +103,14 @@ impl<'tcx> MirPass<'tcx> for ConstProp {
         // That would require a uniform one-def no-mutation analysis
         // and RPO (or recursing when needing the value of a local).
         let mut optimization_finder = ConstPropagator::new(body, dummy_body, tcx);
-        optimization_finder.visit_body(body);
+
+        // Traverse the body in reverse post-order, to ensure that `FullConstProp` locals are
+        // assigned before being read.
+        let postorder = body.basic_blocks.postorder().to_vec();
+        for bb in postorder.into_iter().rev() {
+            let data = &mut body.basic_blocks.as_mut_preserves_cfg()[bb];
+            optimization_finder.visit_basic_block_data(bb, data);
+        }
 
         trace!("ConstProp done for {:?}", def_id);
     }
@@ -772,7 +779,6 @@ impl<'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for CanConstProp {
             // mutation.
             | NonMutatingUse(NonMutatingUseContext::SharedBorrow)
             | NonMutatingUse(NonMutatingUseContext::ShallowBorrow)
-            | NonMutatingUse(NonMutatingUseContext::UniqueBorrow)
             | NonMutatingUse(NonMutatingUseContext::AddressOf)
             | MutatingUse(MutatingUseContext::Borrow)
             | MutatingUse(MutatingUseContext::AddressOf) => {
@@ -790,12 +796,6 @@ impl<'tcx> MutVisitor<'tcx> for ConstPropagator<'_, 'tcx> {
         self.tcx
     }
 
-    fn visit_body(&mut self, body: &mut Body<'tcx>) {
-        for (bb, data) in body.basic_blocks.as_mut_preserves_cfg().iter_enumerated_mut() {
-            self.visit_basic_block_data(bb, data);
-        }
-    }
-
     fn visit_operand(&mut self, operand: &mut Operand<'tcx>, location: Location) {
         self.super_operand(operand, location);
 
@@ -886,14 +886,23 @@ impl<'tcx> MutVisitor<'tcx> for ConstPropagator<'_, 'tcx> {
                 }
             }
             StatementKind::StorageLive(local) => {
-                let frame = self.ecx.frame_mut();
-                frame.locals[local].value =
-                    LocalValue::Live(interpret::Operand::Immediate(interpret::Immediate::Uninit));
-            }
-            StatementKind::StorageDead(local) => {
-                let frame = self.ecx.frame_mut();
-                frame.locals[local].value = LocalValue::Dead;
+                Self::remove_const(&mut self.ecx, local);
             }
+            // We do not need to mark dead locals as such. For `FullConstProp` locals,
+            // this allows to propagate the single assigned value in this case:
+            // ```
+            // let x = SOME_CONST;
+            // if a {
+            //   f(copy x);
+            //   StorageDead(x);
+            // } else {
+            //   g(copy x);
+            //   StorageDead(x);
+            // }
+            // ```
+            //
+            // This may propagate a constant where the local would be uninit or dead.
+            // In both cases, this does not matter, as those reads would be UB anyway.
             _ => {}
         }
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/const_prop_lint.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/const_prop_lint.rs
index adb09c509d2..0fe49b8a1bb 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/const_prop_lint.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/const_prop_lint.rs
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx> ConstPropagator<'mir, 'tcx> {
             let left_size = self.ecx.layout_of(left_ty).ok()?.size;
             let right_size = r.layout.size;
             let r_bits = r.to_scalar().to_bits(right_size).ok();
-            if r_bits.map_or(false, |b| b >= left_size.bits() as u128) {
+            if r_bits.is_some_and(|b| b >= left_size.bits() as u128) {
                 debug!("check_binary_op: reporting assert for {:?}", location);
                 let source_info = self.body().source_info(location);
                 let panic = AssertKind::Overflow(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/copy_prop.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/copy_prop.rs
index c565d6f13b1..3df459dfa79 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/copy_prop.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/copy_prop.rs
@@ -130,7 +130,6 @@ impl<'tcx> MutVisitor<'tcx> for Replacer<'_, 'tcx> {
             PlaceContext::NonMutatingUse(
                 NonMutatingUseContext::SharedBorrow
                 | NonMutatingUseContext::ShallowBorrow
-                | NonMutatingUseContext::UniqueBorrow
                 | NonMutatingUseContext::AddressOf,
             ) => true,
             // For debuginfo, merging locals is ok.
@@ -162,20 +161,22 @@ impl<'tcx> MutVisitor<'tcx> for Replacer<'_, 'tcx> {
     }
 
     fn visit_statement(&mut self, stmt: &mut Statement<'tcx>, loc: Location) {
-        match stmt.kind {
-            // When removing storage statements, we need to remove both (#107511).
-            StatementKind::StorageLive(l) | StatementKind::StorageDead(l)
-                if self.storage_to_remove.contains(l) =>
-            {
-                stmt.make_nop()
-            }
-            StatementKind::Assign(box (ref place, ref mut rvalue))
-                if place.as_local().is_some() =>
-            {
-                // Do not replace assignments.
-                self.visit_rvalue(rvalue, loc)
-            }
-            _ => self.super_statement(stmt, loc),
+        // When removing storage statements, we need to remove both (#107511).
+        if let StatementKind::StorageLive(l) | StatementKind::StorageDead(l) = stmt.kind
+            && self.storage_to_remove.contains(l)
+        {
+            stmt.make_nop();
+            return
+        }
+
+        self.super_statement(stmt, loc);
+
+        // Do not leave tautological assignments around.
+        if let StatementKind::Assign(box (lhs, ref rhs)) = stmt.kind
+            && let Rvalue::Use(Operand::Copy(rhs) | Operand::Move(rhs)) | Rvalue::CopyForDeref(rhs) = *rhs
+            && lhs == rhs
+        {
+            stmt.make_nop();
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/debug.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/debug.rs
index e554c470646..6a3d42511ac 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/debug.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/debug.rs
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ use rustc_middle::mir::spanview::{self, SpanViewable};
 
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashMap;
 use rustc_middle::mir::coverage::*;
-use rustc_middle::mir::{self, BasicBlock, TerminatorKind};
+use rustc_middle::mir::{self, BasicBlock};
 use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
 use rustc_span::Span;
 
@@ -639,7 +639,7 @@ pub(super) fn dump_coverage_spanview<'tcx>(
     let def_id = mir_source.def_id();
 
     let span_viewables = span_viewables(tcx, mir_body, basic_coverage_blocks, &coverage_spans);
-    let mut file = create_dump_file(tcx, "html", false, pass_name, &0, mir_body)
+    let mut file = create_dump_file(tcx, "html", false, pass_name, &0i32, mir_body)
         .expect("Unexpected error creating MIR spanview HTML file");
     let crate_name = tcx.crate_name(def_id.krate);
     let item_name = tcx.def_path(def_id).to_filename_friendly_no_crate();
@@ -740,7 +740,7 @@ pub(super) fn dump_coverage_graphviz<'tcx>(
                 .join("\n  ")
         ));
     }
-    let mut file = create_dump_file(tcx, "dot", false, pass_name, &0, mir_body)
+    let mut file = create_dump_file(tcx, "dot", false, pass_name, &0i32, mir_body)
         .expect("Unexpected error creating BasicCoverageBlock graphviz DOT file");
     graphviz_writer
         .write_graphviz(tcx, &mut file)
@@ -796,7 +796,7 @@ fn bcb_to_string_sections<'tcx>(
     }
     let non_term_blocks = bcb_data.basic_blocks[0..len - 1]
         .iter()
-        .map(|&bb| format!("{:?}: {}", bb, term_type(&mir_body[bb].terminator().kind)))
+        .map(|&bb| format!("{:?}: {}", bb, mir_body[bb].terminator().kind.name()))
         .collect::<Vec<_>>();
     if non_term_blocks.len() > 0 {
         sections.push(non_term_blocks.join("\n"));
@@ -804,28 +804,7 @@ fn bcb_to_string_sections<'tcx>(
     sections.push(format!(
         "{:?}: {}",
         bcb_data.basic_blocks.last().unwrap(),
-        term_type(&bcb_data.terminator(mir_body).kind)
+        bcb_data.terminator(mir_body).kind.name(),
     ));
     sections
 }
-
-/// Returns a simple string representation of a `TerminatorKind` variant, independent of any
-/// values it might hold.
-pub(super) fn term_type(kind: &TerminatorKind<'_>) -> &'static str {
-    match kind {
-        TerminatorKind::Goto { .. } => "Goto",
-        TerminatorKind::SwitchInt { .. } => "SwitchInt",
-        TerminatorKind::Resume => "Resume",
-        TerminatorKind::Terminate => "Terminate",
-        TerminatorKind::Return => "Return",
-        TerminatorKind::Unreachable => "Unreachable",
-        TerminatorKind::Drop { .. } => "Drop",
-        TerminatorKind::Call { .. } => "Call",
-        TerminatorKind::Assert { .. } => "Assert",
-        TerminatorKind::Yield { .. } => "Yield",
-        TerminatorKind::GeneratorDrop => "GeneratorDrop",
-        TerminatorKind::FalseEdge { .. } => "FalseEdge",
-        TerminatorKind::FalseUnwind { .. } => "FalseUnwind",
-        TerminatorKind::InlineAsm { .. } => "InlineAsm",
-    }
-}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/graph.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/graph.rs
index 986d2fd190d..ea1223fbca6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/graph.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/graph.rs
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ use rustc_index::{IndexSlice, IndexVec};
 use rustc_middle::mir::coverage::*;
 use rustc_middle::mir::{self, BasicBlock, BasicBlockData, Terminator, TerminatorKind};
 
+use std::cmp::Ordering;
 use std::ops::{Index, IndexMut};
 
 const ID_SEPARATOR: &str = ",";
@@ -212,8 +213,12 @@ impl CoverageGraph {
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
-    pub fn dominators(&self) -> &Dominators<BasicCoverageBlock> {
-        self.dominators.as_ref().unwrap()
+    pub fn rank_partial_cmp(
+        &self,
+        a: BasicCoverageBlock,
+        b: BasicCoverageBlock,
+    ) -> Option<Ordering> {
+        self.dominators.as_ref().unwrap().rank_partial_cmp(a, b)
     }
 }
 
@@ -650,26 +655,6 @@ pub(super) fn find_loop_backedges(
     let mut backedges = IndexVec::from_elem_n(Vec::<BasicCoverageBlock>::new(), num_bcbs);
 
     // Identify loops by their backedges.
-    //
-    // The computational complexity is bounded by: n(s) x d where `n` is the number of
-    // `BasicCoverageBlock` nodes (the simplified/reduced representation of the CFG derived from the
-    // MIR); `s` is the average number of successors per node (which is most likely less than 2, and
-    // independent of the size of the function, so it can be treated as a constant);
-    // and `d` is the average number of dominators per node.
-    //
-    // The average number of dominators depends on the size and complexity of the function, and
-    // nodes near the start of the function's control flow graph typically have less dominators
-    // than nodes near the end of the CFG. Without doing a detailed mathematical analysis, I
-    // think the resulting complexity has the characteristics of O(n log n).
-    //
-    // The overall complexity appears to be comparable to many other MIR transform algorithms, and I
-    // don't expect that this function is creating a performance hot spot, but if this becomes an
-    // issue, there may be ways to optimize the `dominates` algorithm (as indicated by an
-    // existing `FIXME` comment in that code), or possibly ways to optimize it's usage here, perhaps
-    // by keeping track of results for visited `BasicCoverageBlock`s if they can be used to short
-    // circuit downstream `dominates` checks.
-    //
-    // For now, that kind of optimization seems unnecessarily complicated.
     for (bcb, _) in basic_coverage_blocks.iter_enumerated() {
         for &successor in &basic_coverage_blocks.successors[bcb] {
             if basic_coverage_blocks.dominates(successor, bcb) {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/query.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/query.rs
index bf01b45eb40..74b4b4a07c5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/query.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/query.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use super::*;
 
 use rustc_middle::mir::coverage::*;
 use rustc_middle::mir::{self, Body, Coverage, CoverageInfo};
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_span::def_id::DefId;
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/spans.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/spans.rs
index 287ae217087..d27200419e2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/spans.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/spans.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-use super::debug::term_type;
 use super::graph::{BasicCoverageBlock, BasicCoverageBlockData, CoverageGraph, START_BCB};
 
 use itertools::Itertools;
@@ -40,7 +39,7 @@ impl CoverageStatement {
                     "{}: @{}.{}: {:?}",
                     source_range_no_file(tcx, span),
                     bb.index(),
-                    term_type(&term.kind),
+                    term.kind.name(),
                     term.kind
                 )
             }
@@ -345,7 +344,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> CoverageSpans<'a, 'tcx> {
                         // before the dominated equal spans). When later comparing two spans in
                         // order, the first will either dominate the second, or they will have no
                         // dominator relationship.
-                        self.basic_coverage_blocks.dominators().rank_partial_cmp(a.bcb, b.bcb)
+                        self.basic_coverage_blocks.rank_partial_cmp(a.bcb, b.bcb)
                     }
                 } else {
                     // Sort hi() in reverse order so shorter spans are attempted after longer spans.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/tests.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/tests.rs
index 83a335197b3..90b58933df7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/tests.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/tests.rs
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@
 //! to: `rustc_span::create_default_session_globals_then(|| { test_here(); })`.
 
 use super::counters;
-use super::debug;
 use super::graph;
 use super::spans;
 
@@ -188,12 +187,12 @@ fn debug_basic_blocks(mir_body: &Body<'_>) -> String {
                     | TerminatorKind::Goto { target }
                     | TerminatorKind::InlineAsm { destination: Some(target), .. }
                     | TerminatorKind::Yield { resume: target, .. } => {
-                        format!("{}{:?}:{} -> {:?}", sp, bb, debug::term_type(kind), target)
+                        format!("{}{:?}:{} -> {:?}", sp, bb, kind.name(), target)
                     }
                     TerminatorKind::SwitchInt { targets, .. } => {
-                        format!("{}{:?}:{} -> {:?}", sp, bb, debug::term_type(kind), targets)
+                        format!("{}{:?}:{} -> {:?}", sp, bb, kind.name(), targets)
                     }
-                    _ => format!("{}{:?}:{}", sp, bb, debug::term_type(kind)),
+                    _ => format!("{}{:?}:{}", sp, bb, kind.name()),
                 }
             })
             .collect::<Vec<_>>()
@@ -215,7 +214,7 @@ fn print_mir_graphviz(name: &str, mir_body: &Body<'_>) {
                         "    {:?} [label=\"{:?}: {}\"];\n{}",
                         bb,
                         bb,
-                        debug::term_type(&data.terminator().kind),
+                        data.terminator().kind.name(),
                         mir_body
                             .basic_blocks
                             .successors(bb)
@@ -244,7 +243,7 @@ fn print_coverage_graphviz(
                         "    {:?} [label=\"{:?}: {}\"];\n{}",
                         bcb,
                         bcb,
-                        debug::term_type(&bcb_data.terminator(mir_body).kind),
+                        bcb_data.terminator(mir_body).kind.name(),
                         basic_coverage_blocks
                             .successors(bcb)
                             .map(|successor| { format!("    {:?} -> {:?};", bcb, successor) })
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/ctfe_limit.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/ctfe_limit.rs
index 1b3ac78fbc6..bf5722b3d00 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/ctfe_limit.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/ctfe_limit.rs
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ fn has_back_edge(
         return false;
     }
     // Check if any of the dominators of the node are also the node's successor.
-    doms.dominators(node).any(|dom| node_data.terminator().successors().any(|succ| succ == dom))
+    node_data.terminator().successors().any(|succ| doms.dominates(succ, node))
 }
 
 fn insert_counter(basic_block_data: &mut BasicBlockData<'_>) {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/deduce_param_attrs.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/deduce_param_attrs.rs
index 8ee08c5be34..a133c9d4782 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/deduce_param_attrs.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/deduce_param_attrs.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 use rustc_hir::def_id::LocalDefId;
 use rustc_index::bit_set::BitSet;
 use rustc_middle::mir::visit::{NonMutatingUseContext, PlaceContext, Visitor};
-use rustc_middle::mir::{Body, Local, Location, Operand, Terminator, TerminatorKind, RETURN_PLACE};
+use rustc_middle::mir::{Body, Location, Operand, Place, Terminator, TerminatorKind, RETURN_PLACE};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, DeducedParamAttrs, Ty, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_session::config::OptLevel;
 
@@ -29,31 +29,31 @@ impl DeduceReadOnly {
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for DeduceReadOnly {
-    fn visit_local(&mut self, local: Local, mut context: PlaceContext, _: Location) {
+    fn visit_place(&mut self, place: &Place<'tcx>, context: PlaceContext, _location: Location) {
         // We're only interested in arguments.
-        if local == RETURN_PLACE || local.index() > self.mutable_args.domain_size() {
+        if place.local == RETURN_PLACE || place.local.index() > self.mutable_args.domain_size() {
             return;
         }
 
-        // Replace place contexts that are moves with copies. This is safe in all cases except
-        // function argument position, which we already handled in `visit_terminator()` by using the
-        // ArgumentChecker. See the comment in that method for more details.
-        //
-        // In the future, we might want to move this out into a separate pass, but for now let's
-        // just do it on the fly because that's faster.
-        if matches!(context, PlaceContext::NonMutatingUse(NonMutatingUseContext::Move)) {
-            context = PlaceContext::NonMutatingUse(NonMutatingUseContext::Copy);
-        }
-
-        match context {
-            PlaceContext::MutatingUse(..)
-            | PlaceContext::NonMutatingUse(NonMutatingUseContext::Move) => {
+        let mark_as_mutable = match context {
+            PlaceContext::MutatingUse(..) => {
                 // This is a mutation, so mark it as such.
-                self.mutable_args.insert(local.index() - 1);
+                true
+            }
+            PlaceContext::NonMutatingUse(NonMutatingUseContext::AddressOf) => {
+                // Whether mutating though a `&raw const` is allowed is still undecided, so we
+                // disable any sketchy `readonly` optimizations for now.
+                // But we only need to do this if the pointer would point into the argument.
+                !place.is_indirect()
             }
             PlaceContext::NonMutatingUse(..) | PlaceContext::NonUse(..) => {
                 // Not mutating, so it's fine.
+                false
             }
+        };
+
+        if mark_as_mutable {
+            self.mutable_args.insert(place.local.index() - 1);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/dump_mir.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/dump_mir.rs
index 594cbd8977e..746e3d9652d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/dump_mir.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/dump_mir.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use rustc_session::config::OutputType;
 pub struct Marker(pub &'static str);
 
 impl<'tcx> MirPass<'tcx> for Marker {
-    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+    fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
         self.0
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/elaborate_drops.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/elaborate_drops.rs
index 98e7a519c20..fda0e1023f7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/elaborate_drops.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/elaborate_drops.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ use rustc_mir_dataflow::un_derefer::UnDerefer;
 use rustc_mir_dataflow::MoveDataParamEnv;
 use rustc_mir_dataflow::{on_all_children_bits, on_all_drop_children_bits};
 use rustc_mir_dataflow::{Analysis, ResultsCursor};
-use rustc_span::{DesugaringKind, Span};
+use rustc_span::Span;
 use rustc_target::abi::{FieldIdx, VariantIdx};
 use std::fmt;
 
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ impl<'b, 'tcx> ElaborateDropsCtxt<'b, 'tcx> {
             let terminator = data.terminator();
 
             match terminator.kind {
-                TerminatorKind::Drop { mut place, target, unwind } => {
+                TerminatorKind::Drop { mut place, target, unwind, replace } => {
                     if let Some(new_place) = self.un_derefer.derefer(place.as_ref(), self.body) {
                         place = new_place;
                     }
@@ -434,10 +434,7 @@ impl<'b, 'tcx> ElaborateDropsCtxt<'b, 'tcx> {
                             )
                         }
                         LookupResult::Parent(..) => {
-                            if !matches!(
-                                terminator.source_info.span.desugaring_kind(),
-                                Some(DesugaringKind::Replace),
-                            ) {
+                            if !replace {
                                 self.tcx.sess.delay_span_bug(
                                     terminator.source_info.span,
                                     format!("drop of untracked value {:?}", bb),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/ffi_unwind_calls.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/ffi_unwind_calls.rs
index ac1de989a72..58cc161ddcc 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/ffi_unwind_calls.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/ffi_unwind_calls.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{LocalDefId, LOCAL_CRATE};
 use rustc_middle::mir::*;
 use rustc_middle::query::LocalCrate;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::layout;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_session::lint::builtin::FFI_UNWIND_CALLS;
 use rustc_target::spec::abi::Abi;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/function_item_references.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/function_item_references.rs
index 5989dbebf2d..b1c9c4acc40 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/function_item_references.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/function_item_references.rs
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ impl<'tcx> FunctionItemRefChecker<'_, 'tcx> {
                         // If the inner type matches the type bound by `Pointer`
                         if inner_ty == bound_ty {
                             // Do a substitution using the parameters from the callsite
-                            let subst_ty = EarlyBinder(inner_ty).subst(self.tcx, substs_ref);
+                            let subst_ty = EarlyBinder::bind(inner_ty).subst(self.tcx, substs_ref);
                             if let Some((fn_id, fn_substs)) =
                                 FunctionItemRefChecker::is_fn_ref(subst_ty)
                             {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/generator.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/generator.rs
index c9144729145..89567ed0ab8 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/generator.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/generator.rs
@@ -1045,7 +1045,10 @@ fn elaborate_generator_drops<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, body: &mut Body<'tcx>) {
 
     for (block, block_data) in body.basic_blocks.iter_enumerated() {
         let (target, unwind, source_info) = match block_data.terminator() {
-            Terminator { source_info, kind: TerminatorKind::Drop { place, target, unwind } } => {
+            Terminator {
+                source_info,
+                kind: TerminatorKind::Drop { place, target, unwind, replace: _ },
+            } => {
                 if let Some(local) = place.as_local() {
                     if local == SELF_ARG {
                         (target, unwind, source_info)
@@ -1304,6 +1307,7 @@ fn insert_clean_drop(body: &mut Body<'_>) -> BasicBlock {
         place: Place::from(SELF_ARG),
         target: return_block,
         unwind: UnwindAction::Continue,
+        replace: false,
     };
     let source_info = SourceInfo::outermost(body.span);
 
@@ -1397,7 +1401,7 @@ fn create_cases<'tcx>(
 pub(crate) fn mir_generator_witnesses<'tcx>(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
     def_id: LocalDefId,
-) -> GeneratorLayout<'tcx> {
+) -> Option<GeneratorLayout<'tcx>> {
     assert!(tcx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.drop_tracking_mir);
 
     let (body, _) = tcx.mir_promoted(def_id);
@@ -1410,6 +1414,7 @@ pub(crate) fn mir_generator_witnesses<'tcx>(
     // Get the interior types and substs which typeck computed
     let movable = match *gen_ty.kind() {
         ty::Generator(_, _, movability) => movability == hir::Movability::Movable,
+        ty::Error(_) => return None,
         _ => span_bug!(body.span, "unexpected generator type {}", gen_ty),
     };
 
@@ -1425,7 +1430,7 @@ pub(crate) fn mir_generator_witnesses<'tcx>(
 
     check_suspend_tys(tcx, &generator_layout, &body);
 
-    generator_layout
+    Some(generator_layout)
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> MirPass<'tcx> for StateTransform {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/inline.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/inline.rs
index ece20d8d3e6..55b9f084c39 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/inline.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/inline.rs
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ use rustc_index::Idx;
 use rustc_middle::middle::codegen_fn_attrs::{CodegenFnAttrFlags, CodegenFnAttrs};
 use rustc_middle::mir::visit::*;
 use rustc_middle::mir::*;
+use rustc_middle::ty::TypeVisitableExt;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Instance, InstanceDef, ParamEnv, Ty, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_session::config::OptLevel;
-use rustc_span::{hygiene::ExpnKind, ExpnData, LocalExpnId, Span};
 use rustc_target::abi::{FieldIdx, FIRST_VARIANT};
 use rustc_target::spec::abi::Abi;
 
@@ -167,8 +167,20 @@ impl<'tcx> Inliner<'tcx> {
     ) -> Result<std::ops::Range<BasicBlock>, &'static str> {
         let callee_attrs = self.tcx.codegen_fn_attrs(callsite.callee.def_id());
         self.check_codegen_attributes(callsite, callee_attrs)?;
+
+        let terminator = caller_body[callsite.block].terminator.as_ref().unwrap();
+        let TerminatorKind::Call { args, destination, .. } = &terminator.kind else { bug!() };
+        let destination_ty = destination.ty(&caller_body.local_decls, self.tcx).ty;
+        for arg in args {
+            if !arg.ty(&caller_body.local_decls, self.tcx).is_sized(self.tcx, self.param_env) {
+                // We do not allow inlining functions with unsized params. Inlining these functions
+                // could create unsized locals, which are unsound and being phased out.
+                return Err("Call has unsized argument");
+            }
+        }
+
         self.check_mir_is_available(caller_body, &callsite.callee)?;
-        let callee_body = self.tcx.instance_mir(callsite.callee.def);
+        let callee_body = try_instance_mir(self.tcx, callsite.callee.def)?;
         self.check_mir_body(callsite, callee_body, callee_attrs)?;
 
         if !self.tcx.consider_optimizing(|| {
@@ -180,7 +192,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Inliner<'tcx> {
         let Ok(callee_body) = callsite.callee.try_subst_mir_and_normalize_erasing_regions(
             self.tcx,
             self.param_env,
-            ty::EarlyBinder(callee_body.clone()),
+            ty::EarlyBinder::bind(callee_body.clone()),
         ) else {
             return Err("failed to normalize callee body");
         };
@@ -188,9 +200,6 @@ impl<'tcx> Inliner<'tcx> {
         // Check call signature compatibility.
         // Normally, this shouldn't be required, but trait normalization failure can create a
         // validation ICE.
-        let terminator = caller_body[callsite.block].terminator.as_ref().unwrap();
-        let TerminatorKind::Call { args, destination, .. } = &terminator.kind else { bug!() };
-        let destination_ty = destination.ty(&caller_body.local_decls, self.tcx).ty;
         let output_type = callee_body.return_ty();
         if !util::is_subtype(self.tcx, self.param_env, output_type, destination_ty) {
             trace!(?output_type, ?destination_ty);
@@ -440,16 +449,16 @@ impl<'tcx> Inliner<'tcx> {
             checker.visit_basic_block_data(bb, blk);
 
             let term = blk.terminator();
-            if let TerminatorKind::Drop { ref place, target, unwind } = term.kind {
+            if let TerminatorKind::Drop { ref place, target, unwind, replace: _ } = term.kind {
                 work_list.push(target);
 
                 // If the place doesn't actually need dropping, treat it like a regular goto.
                 let ty = callsite
                     .callee
-                    .subst_mir(self.tcx, ty::EarlyBinder(&place.ty(callee_body, tcx).ty));
+                    .subst_mir(self.tcx, ty::EarlyBinder::bind(&place.ty(callee_body, tcx).ty));
                 if ty.needs_drop(tcx, self.param_env) && let UnwindAction::Cleanup(unwind) = unwind {
-                        work_list.push(unwind);
-                    }
+                    work_list.push(unwind);
+                }
             } else if callee_attrs.instruction_set != self.codegen_fn_attrs.instruction_set
                 && matches!(term.kind, TerminatorKind::InlineAsm { .. })
             {
@@ -541,16 +550,6 @@ impl<'tcx> Inliner<'tcx> {
                 // Copy the arguments if needed.
                 let args: Vec<_> = self.make_call_args(args, &callsite, caller_body, &callee_body);
 
-                let mut expn_data = ExpnData::default(
-                    ExpnKind::Inlined,
-                    callsite.source_info.span,
-                    self.tcx.sess.edition(),
-                    None,
-                    None,
-                );
-                expn_data.def_site = callee_body.span;
-                let expn_data =
-                    self.tcx.with_stable_hashing_context(|hcx| LocalExpnId::fresh(expn_data, hcx));
                 let mut integrator = Integrator {
                     args: &args,
                     new_locals: Local::new(caller_body.local_decls.len())..,
@@ -562,7 +561,6 @@ impl<'tcx> Inliner<'tcx> {
                     cleanup_block: unwind,
                     in_cleanup_block: false,
                     tcx: self.tcx,
-                    expn_data,
                     always_live_locals: BitSet::new_filled(callee_body.local_decls.len()),
                 };
 
@@ -792,7 +790,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for CostChecker<'_, 'tcx> {
                 // If the place doesn't actually need dropping, treat it like a regular goto.
                 let ty = self
                     .instance
-                    .subst_mir(tcx, ty::EarlyBinder(&place.ty(self.callee_body, tcx).ty));
+                    .subst_mir(tcx, ty::EarlyBinder::bind(&place.ty(self.callee_body, tcx).ty));
                 if ty.needs_drop(tcx, self.param_env) {
                     self.cost += CALL_PENALTY;
                     if let UnwindAction::Cleanup(_) = unwind {
@@ -803,7 +801,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for CostChecker<'_, 'tcx> {
                 }
             }
             TerminatorKind::Call { func: Operand::Constant(ref f), unwind, .. } => {
-                let fn_ty = self.instance.subst_mir(tcx, ty::EarlyBinder(&f.literal.ty()));
+                let fn_ty = self.instance.subst_mir(tcx, ty::EarlyBinder::bind(&f.literal.ty()));
                 self.cost += if let ty::FnDef(def_id, _) = *fn_ty.kind() && tcx.is_intrinsic(def_id) {
                     // Don't give intrinsics the extra penalty for calls
                     INSTR_COST
@@ -946,7 +944,6 @@ struct Integrator<'a, 'tcx> {
     cleanup_block: UnwindAction,
     in_cleanup_block: bool,
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-    expn_data: LocalExpnId,
     always_live_locals: BitSet<Local>,
 }
 
@@ -1032,11 +1029,6 @@ impl<'tcx> MutVisitor<'tcx> for Integrator<'_, 'tcx> {
         *scope = self.map_scope(*scope);
     }
 
-    fn visit_span(&mut self, span: &mut Span) {
-        // Make sure that all spans track the fact that they were inlined.
-        *span = span.fresh_expansion(self.expn_data);
-    }
-
     fn visit_basic_block_data(&mut self, block: BasicBlock, data: &mut BasicBlockData<'tcx>) {
         self.in_cleanup_block = data.is_cleanup;
         self.super_basic_block_data(block, data);
@@ -1128,3 +1120,27 @@ impl<'tcx> MutVisitor<'tcx> for Integrator<'_, 'tcx> {
         }
     }
 }
+
+#[instrument(skip(tcx), level = "debug")]
+fn try_instance_mir<'tcx>(
+    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+    instance: InstanceDef<'tcx>,
+) -> Result<&'tcx Body<'tcx>, &'static str> {
+    match instance {
+        ty::InstanceDef::DropGlue(_, Some(ty)) => match ty.kind() {
+            ty::Adt(def, substs) => {
+                let fields = def.all_fields();
+                for field in fields {
+                    let field_ty = field.ty(tcx, substs);
+                    if field_ty.has_param() && field_ty.has_projections() {
+                        return Err("cannot build drop shim for polymorphic type");
+                    }
+                }
+
+                Ok(tcx.instance_mir(instance))
+            }
+            _ => Ok(tcx.instance_mir(instance)),
+        },
+        _ => Ok(tcx.instance_mir(instance)),
+    }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/inline/cycle.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/inline/cycle.rs
index 1ccf06f6153..8a10445f837 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/inline/cycle.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/inline/cycle.rs
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ pub(crate) fn mir_callgraph_reachable<'tcx>(
             let Ok(substs) = caller.try_subst_mir_and_normalize_erasing_regions(
                 tcx,
                 param_env,
-                ty::EarlyBinder(substs),
+                ty::EarlyBinder::bind(substs),
             ) else {
                 trace!(?caller, ?param_env, ?substs, "cannot normalize, skipping");
                 continue;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/instsimplify.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/instsimplify.rs
index 6bff535586a..e4dc617620e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/instsimplify.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/instsimplify.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ use crate::MirPass;
 use rustc_hir::Mutability;
 use rustc_middle::mir::*;
 use rustc_middle::ty::layout::ValidityRequirement;
-use rustc_middle::ty::util::IntTypeExt;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, ParamEnv, SubstsRef, Ty, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_span::symbol::Symbol;
 use rustc_target::abi::FieldIdx;
@@ -163,18 +162,6 @@ impl<'tcx> InstSimplifyContext<'tcx, '_> {
                     return;
                 }
 
-                // Transmuting a fieldless enum to its repr is a discriminant read
-                if let ty::Adt(adt_def, ..) = operand_ty.kind()
-                    && adt_def.is_enum()
-                    && adt_def.is_payloadfree()
-                    && let Some(place) = operand.place()
-                    && let Some(repr_int) = adt_def.repr().int
-                    && repr_int.to_ty(self.tcx) == *cast_ty
-                {
-                    *rvalue = Rvalue::Discriminant(place);
-                    return;
-                }
-
                 // Transmuting a transparent struct/union to a field's type is a projection
                 if let ty::Adt(adt_def, substs) = operand_ty.kind()
                     && adt_def.repr().transparent()
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/lib.rs
index 277237a5515..7d9f6c38e36 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/lib.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #![deny(rustc::diagnostic_outside_of_impl)]
 #![feature(box_patterns)]
 #![feature(drain_filter)]
+#![feature(is_sorted)]
 #![feature(let_chains)]
 #![feature(map_try_insert)]
 #![feature(min_specialization)]
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ use rustc_middle::mir::{
     MirPhase, Operand, Place, ProjectionElem, Promoted, RuntimePhase, Rvalue, SourceInfo,
     Statement, StatementKind, TerminatorKind, START_BLOCK,
 };
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, TyCtxt, TypeVisitableExt};
 use rustc_span::sym;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits;
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ mod match_branches;
 mod multiple_return_terminators;
 mod normalize_array_len;
 mod nrvo;
+mod prettify;
 mod ref_prop;
 mod remove_noop_landing_pads;
 mod remove_storage_markers;
@@ -557,10 +559,13 @@ fn run_optimization_passes<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, body: &mut Body<'tcx>) {
             // inst combine is after MatchBranchSimplification to clean up Ne(_1, false)
             &multiple_return_terminators::MultipleReturnTerminators,
             &instsimplify::InstSimplify,
-            &separate_const_switch::SeparateConstSwitch,
             &simplify::SimplifyLocals::BeforeConstProp,
             &copy_prop::CopyProp,
             &ref_prop::ReferencePropagation,
+            // Perform `SeparateConstSwitch` after SSA-based analyses, as cloning blocks may
+            // destroy the SSA property. It should still happen before const-propagation, so the
+            // latter pass will leverage the created opportunities.
+            &separate_const_switch::SeparateConstSwitch,
             &const_prop::ConstProp,
             &dataflow_const_prop::DataflowConstProp,
             //
@@ -581,6 +586,9 @@ fn run_optimization_passes<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, body: &mut Body<'tcx>) {
             &large_enums::EnumSizeOpt { discrepancy: 128 },
             // Some cleanup necessary at least for LLVM and potentially other codegen backends.
             &add_call_guards::CriticalCallEdges,
+            // Cleanup for human readability, off by default.
+            &prettify::ReorderBasicBlocks,
+            &prettify::ReorderLocals,
             // Dump the end result for testing and debugging purposes.
             &dump_mir::Marker("PreCodegen"),
         ],
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/match_branches.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/match_branches.rs
index 59942dc76f9..6eb48498274 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/match_branches.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/match_branches.rs
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ pub struct MatchBranchSimplification;
 
 impl<'tcx> MirPass<'tcx> for MatchBranchSimplification {
     fn is_enabled(&self, sess: &rustc_session::Session) -> bool {
-        sess.mir_opt_level() >= 3
+        sess.mir_opt_level() >= 1
     }
 
     fn run_pass(&self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, body: &mut Body<'tcx>) {
@@ -62,7 +62,12 @@ impl<'tcx> MirPass<'tcx> for MatchBranchSimplification {
                     ..
                 } if targets.iter().len() == 1 => {
                     let (value, target) = targets.iter().next().unwrap();
-                    if target == targets.otherwise() {
+                    // We require that this block and the two possible target blocks all be
+                    // distinct.
+                    if target == targets.otherwise()
+                        || bb_idx == target
+                        || bb_idx == targets.otherwise()
+                    {
                         continue;
                     }
                     (discr, value, target, targets.otherwise())
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/nrvo.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/nrvo.rs
index 85b26220b1e..5ce96012b90 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/nrvo.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/nrvo.rs
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ fn local_eligible_for_nrvo(body: &mut mir::Body<'_>) -> Option<Local> {
 
         // If multiple different locals are copied to the return place. We can't pick a
         // single one to rename.
-        if copied_to_return_place.map_or(false, |old| old != returned_local) {
+        if copied_to_return_place.is_some_and(|old| old != returned_local) {
             return None;
         }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/pass_manager.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/pass_manager.rs
index e1b65823a5a..710eed3ed38 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/pass_manager.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/pass_manager.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use crate::{validate, MirPass};
 
 /// Just like `MirPass`, except it cannot mutate `Body`.
 pub trait MirLint<'tcx> {
-    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+    fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
         let name = std::any::type_name::<Self>();
         if let Some((_, tail)) = name.rsplit_once(':') { tail } else { name }
     }
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ impl<'tcx, T> MirPass<'tcx> for Lint<T>
 where
     T: MirLint<'tcx>,
 {
-    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+    fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
         self.0.name()
     }
 
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ impl<'tcx, T> MirPass<'tcx> for WithMinOptLevel<T>
 where
     T: MirPass<'tcx>,
 {
-    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+    fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
         self.1.name()
     }
 
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ fn run_passes_inner<'tcx>(
                 validate_body(tcx, body, format!("before pass {}", name));
             }
 
-            pass.run_pass(tcx, body);
+            tcx.sess.time(name, || pass.run_pass(tcx, body));
 
             if dump_enabled {
                 dump_mir_for_pass(tcx, body, &name, true);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/prettify.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/prettify.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6f46974ea00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/prettify.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+//! These two passes provide no value to the compiler, so are off at every level.
+//!
+//! However, they can be enabled on the command line
+//! (`-Zmir-enable-passes=+ReorderBasicBlocks,+ReorderLocals`)
+//! to make the MIR easier to read for humans.
+
+use crate::MirPass;
+use rustc_index::{bit_set::BitSet, IndexSlice, IndexVec};
+use rustc_middle::mir::visit::{MutVisitor, PlaceContext, Visitor};
+use rustc_middle::mir::*;
+use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
+use rustc_session::Session;
+
+/// Rearranges the basic blocks into a *reverse post-order*.
+///
+/// Thus after this pass, all the successors of a block are later than it in the
+/// `IndexVec`, unless that successor is a back-edge (such as from a loop).
+pub struct ReorderBasicBlocks;
+
+impl<'tcx> MirPass<'tcx> for ReorderBasicBlocks {
+    fn is_enabled(&self, _session: &Session) -> bool {
+        false
+    }
+
+    fn run_pass(&self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, body: &mut Body<'tcx>) {
+        let rpo: IndexVec<BasicBlock, BasicBlock> =
+            body.basic_blocks.postorder().iter().copied().rev().collect();
+        if rpo.iter().is_sorted() {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let mut updater = BasicBlockUpdater { map: rpo.invert_bijective_mapping(), tcx };
+        debug_assert_eq!(updater.map[START_BLOCK], START_BLOCK);
+        updater.visit_body(body);
+
+        permute(body.basic_blocks.as_mut(), &updater.map);
+    }
+}
+
+/// Rearranges the locals into *use* order.
+///
+/// Thus after this pass, a local with a smaller [`Location`] where it was first
+/// assigned or referenced will have a smaller number.
+///
+/// (Does not reorder arguments nor the [`RETURN_PLACE`].)
+pub struct ReorderLocals;
+
+impl<'tcx> MirPass<'tcx> for ReorderLocals {
+    fn is_enabled(&self, _session: &Session) -> bool {
+        false
+    }
+
+    fn run_pass(&self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, body: &mut Body<'tcx>) {
+        let mut finder =
+            LocalFinder { map: IndexVec::new(), seen: BitSet::new_empty(body.local_decls.len()) };
+
+        // We can't reorder the return place or the arguments
+        for local in (0..=body.arg_count).map(Local::from_usize) {
+            finder.track(local);
+        }
+
+        for (bb, bbd) in body.basic_blocks.iter_enumerated() {
+            finder.visit_basic_block_data(bb, bbd);
+        }
+
+        // track everything in case there are some locals that we never saw,
+        // such as in non-block things like debug info or in non-uses.
+        for local in body.local_decls.indices() {
+            finder.track(local);
+        }
+
+        if finder.map.iter().is_sorted() {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let mut updater = LocalUpdater { map: finder.map.invert_bijective_mapping(), tcx };
+
+        for local in (0..=body.arg_count).map(Local::from_usize) {
+            debug_assert_eq!(updater.map[local], local);
+        }
+
+        updater.visit_body_preserves_cfg(body);
+
+        permute(&mut body.local_decls, &updater.map);
+    }
+}
+
+fn permute<I: rustc_index::Idx + Ord, T>(data: &mut IndexVec<I, T>, map: &IndexSlice<I, I>) {
+    // FIXME: It would be nice to have a less-awkward way to apply permutations,
+    // but I don't know one that exists.  `sort_by_cached_key` has logic for it
+    // internally, but not in a way that we're allowed to use here.
+    let mut enumerated: Vec<_> = std::mem::take(data).into_iter_enumerated().collect();
+    enumerated.sort_by_key(|p| map[p.0]);
+    *data = enumerated.into_iter().map(|p| p.1).collect();
+}
+
+struct BasicBlockUpdater<'tcx> {
+    map: IndexVec<BasicBlock, BasicBlock>,
+    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+}
+
+impl<'tcx> MutVisitor<'tcx> for BasicBlockUpdater<'tcx> {
+    fn tcx(&self) -> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
+        self.tcx
+    }
+
+    fn visit_terminator(&mut self, terminator: &mut Terminator<'tcx>, _location: Location) {
+        for succ in terminator.successors_mut() {
+            *succ = self.map[*succ];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+struct LocalFinder {
+    map: IndexVec<Local, Local>,
+    seen: BitSet<Local>,
+}
+
+impl LocalFinder {
+    fn track(&mut self, l: Local) {
+        if self.seen.insert(l) {
+            self.map.push(l);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LocalFinder {
+    fn visit_local(&mut self, l: Local, context: PlaceContext, _location: Location) {
+        // Exclude non-uses to keep `StorageLive` from controlling where we put
+        // a `Local`, since it might not actually be assigned until much later.
+        if context.is_use() {
+            self.track(l);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+struct LocalUpdater<'tcx> {
+    pub map: IndexVec<Local, Local>,
+    pub tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+}
+
+impl<'tcx> MutVisitor<'tcx> for LocalUpdater<'tcx> {
+    fn tcx(&self) -> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
+        self.tcx
+    }
+
+    fn visit_local(&mut self, l: &mut Local, _: PlaceContext, _: Location) {
+        *l = self.map[*l];
+    }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/ref_prop.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/ref_prop.rs
index dafd2ae23a6..bbd9f76ba5c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/ref_prop.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/ref_prop.rs
@@ -77,21 +77,25 @@ impl<'tcx> MirPass<'tcx> for ReferencePropagation {
     #[instrument(level = "trace", skip(self, tcx, body))]
     fn run_pass(&self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, body: &mut Body<'tcx>) {
         debug!(def_id = ?body.source.def_id());
-        propagate_ssa(tcx, body);
+        while propagate_ssa(tcx, body) {}
     }
 }
 
-fn propagate_ssa<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, body: &mut Body<'tcx>) {
+fn propagate_ssa<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, body: &mut Body<'tcx>) -> bool {
     let ssa = SsaLocals::new(body);
 
     let mut replacer = compute_replacement(tcx, body, &ssa);
-    debug!(?replacer.targets, ?replacer.allowed_replacements, ?replacer.storage_to_remove);
+    debug!(?replacer.targets);
+    debug!(?replacer.allowed_replacements);
+    debug!(?replacer.storage_to_remove);
 
     replacer.visit_body_preserves_cfg(body);
 
     if replacer.any_replacement {
         crate::simplify::remove_unused_definitions(body);
     }
+
+    replacer.any_replacement
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
@@ -190,8 +194,11 @@ fn compute_replacement<'tcx>(
             continue;
         }
 
+        // Whether the current local is subject to the uniqueness rule.
+        let needs_unique = ty.is_mutable_ptr();
+
         // If this a mutable reference that we cannot fully replace, mark it as unknown.
-        if ty.is_mutable_ptr() && !fully_replacable_locals.contains(local) {
+        if needs_unique && !fully_replacable_locals.contains(local) {
             debug!("not fully replaceable");
             continue;
         }
@@ -203,13 +210,14 @@ fn compute_replacement<'tcx>(
             // have been visited before.
             Rvalue::Use(Operand::Copy(place) | Operand::Move(place))
             | Rvalue::CopyForDeref(place) => {
-                if let Some(rhs) = place.as_local() {
+                if let Some(rhs) = place.as_local() && ssa.is_ssa(rhs) {
                     let target = targets[rhs];
-                    if matches!(target, Value::Pointer(..)) {
+                    // Only see through immutable reference and pointers, as we do not know yet if
+                    // mutable references are fully replaced.
+                    if !needs_unique && matches!(target, Value::Pointer(..)) {
                         targets[local] = target;
-                    } else if ssa.is_ssa(rhs) {
-                        let refmut = body.local_decls[rhs].ty.is_mutable_ptr();
-                        targets[local] = Value::Pointer(tcx.mk_place_deref(rhs.into()), refmut);
+                    } else {
+                        targets[local] = Value::Pointer(tcx.mk_place_deref(rhs.into()), needs_unique);
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -217,10 +225,10 @@ fn compute_replacement<'tcx>(
                 let mut place = *place;
                 // Try to see through `place` in order to collapse reborrow chains.
                 if place.projection.first() == Some(&PlaceElem::Deref)
-                    && let Value::Pointer(target, refmut) = targets[place.local]
+                    && let Value::Pointer(target, inner_needs_unique) = targets[place.local]
                     // Only see through immutable reference and pointers, as we do not know yet if
                     // mutable references are fully replaced.
-                    && !refmut
+                    && !inner_needs_unique
                     // Only collapse chain if the pointee is definitely live.
                     && can_perform_opt(target, location)
                 {
@@ -228,7 +236,7 @@ fn compute_replacement<'tcx>(
                 }
                 assert_ne!(place.local, local);
                 if is_constant_place(place) {
-                    targets[local] = Value::Pointer(place, ty.is_mutable_ptr());
+                    targets[local] = Value::Pointer(place, needs_unique);
                 }
             }
             // We do not know what to do, so keep as not-a-pointer.
@@ -257,6 +265,7 @@ fn compute_replacement<'tcx>(
         targets,
         storage_to_remove,
         allowed_replacements,
+        fully_replacable_locals,
         any_replacement: false,
     };
 
@@ -276,16 +285,35 @@ fn compute_replacement<'tcx>(
                 return;
             }
 
-            if let Value::Pointer(target, refmut) = self.targets[place.local]
-                && place.projection.first() == Some(&PlaceElem::Deref)
-            {
-                let perform_opt = (self.can_perform_opt)(target, loc);
-                if perform_opt {
-                    self.allowed_replacements.insert((target.local, loc));
-                } else if refmut {
-                    // This mutable reference is not fully replacable, so drop it.
-                    self.targets[place.local] = Value::Unknown;
+            if place.projection.first() != Some(&PlaceElem::Deref) {
+                // This is not a dereference, nothing to do.
+                return;
+            }
+
+            let mut place = place.as_ref();
+            loop {
+                if let Value::Pointer(target, needs_unique) = self.targets[place.local] {
+                    let perform_opt = (self.can_perform_opt)(target, loc);
+                    debug!(?place, ?target, ?needs_unique, ?perform_opt);
+
+                    // This a reborrow chain, recursively allow the replacement.
+                    //
+                    // This also allows to detect cases where `target.local` is not replacable,
+                    // and mark it as such.
+                    if let &[PlaceElem::Deref] = &target.projection[..] {
+                        assert!(perform_opt);
+                        self.allowed_replacements.insert((target.local, loc));
+                        place.local = target.local;
+                        continue;
+                    } else if perform_opt {
+                        self.allowed_replacements.insert((target.local, loc));
+                    } else if needs_unique {
+                        // This mutable reference is not fully replacable, so drop it.
+                        self.targets[place.local] = Value::Unknown;
+                    }
                 }
+
+                break;
             }
         }
     }
@@ -318,6 +346,7 @@ struct Replacer<'tcx> {
     storage_to_remove: BitSet<Local>,
     allowed_replacements: FxHashSet<(Local, Location)>,
     any_replacement: bool,
+    fully_replacable_locals: BitSet<Local>,
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> MutVisitor<'tcx> for Replacer<'tcx> {
@@ -325,19 +354,43 @@ impl<'tcx> MutVisitor<'tcx> for Replacer<'tcx> {
         self.tcx
     }
 
-    fn visit_place(&mut self, place: &mut Place<'tcx>, ctxt: PlaceContext, loc: Location) {
-        if let Value::Pointer(target, _) = self.targets[place.local]
-            && place.projection.first() == Some(&PlaceElem::Deref)
+    fn visit_var_debug_info(&mut self, debuginfo: &mut VarDebugInfo<'tcx>) {
+        if let VarDebugInfoContents::Place(ref mut place) = debuginfo.value
+            && place.projection.is_empty()
+            && let Value::Pointer(target, _) = self.targets[place.local]
+            && target.projection.iter().all(|p| p.can_use_in_debuginfo())
         {
-            let perform_opt = matches!(ctxt, PlaceContext::NonUse(_))
-                || self.allowed_replacements.contains(&(target.local, loc));
-
-            if perform_opt {
-                *place = target.project_deeper(&place.projection[1..], self.tcx);
+            if let Some((&PlaceElem::Deref, rest)) = target.projection.split_last() {
+                *place = Place::from(target.local).project_deeper(rest, self.tcx);
+                self.any_replacement = true;
+            } else if self.fully_replacable_locals.contains(place.local)
+                && let Some(references) = debuginfo.references.checked_add(1)
+            {
+                debuginfo.references = references;
+                *place = target;
                 self.any_replacement = true;
             }
-        } else {
-            self.super_place(place, ctxt, loc);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_place(&mut self, place: &mut Place<'tcx>, ctxt: PlaceContext, loc: Location) {
+        if place.projection.first() != Some(&PlaceElem::Deref) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        loop {
+            if let Value::Pointer(target, _) = self.targets[place.local] {
+                let perform_opt = matches!(ctxt, PlaceContext::NonUse(_))
+                    || self.allowed_replacements.contains(&(target.local, loc));
+
+                if perform_opt {
+                    *place = target.project_deeper(&place.projection[1..], self.tcx);
+                    self.any_replacement = true;
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+
+            break;
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/required_consts.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/required_consts.rs
index 0ea8f2ba93f..243cb463560 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/required_consts.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/required_consts.rs
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ impl<'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for RequiredConstsVisitor<'_, 'tcx> {
         let literal = constant.literal;
         match literal {
             ConstantKind::Ty(c) => match c.kind() {
-                ConstKind::Param(_) | ConstKind::Error(_) => {}
-                _ => bug!("only ConstKind::Param should be encountered here, got {:#?}", c),
+                ConstKind::Param(_) | ConstKind::Error(_) | ConstKind::Value(_) => {}
+                _ => bug!("only ConstKind::Param/Value should be encountered here, got {:#?}", c),
             },
             ConstantKind::Unevaluated(..) => self.required_consts.push(*constant),
             ConstantKind::Val(..) => {}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/separate_const_switch.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/separate_const_switch.rs
index 2479856b727..f35a5fb4276 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/separate_const_switch.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/separate_const_switch.rs
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ pub struct SeparateConstSwitch;
 
 impl<'tcx> MirPass<'tcx> for SeparateConstSwitch {
     fn is_enabled(&self, sess: &rustc_session::Session) -> bool {
-        sess.mir_opt_level() >= 4
+        sess.mir_opt_level() >= 2
     }
 
     fn run_pass(&self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, body: &mut Body<'tcx>) {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/shim.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/shim.rs
index 19d07fab0b9..ae726dea944 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/shim.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/shim.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc_hir::lang_items::LangItem;
 use rustc_middle::mir::*;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::InternalSubsts;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, EarlyBinder, GeneratorSubsts, Ty, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_target::abi::{FieldIdx, VariantIdx, FIRST_VARIANT};
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ fn make_shim<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, instance: ty::InstanceDef<'tcx>) -> Body<'
             // of this function. Is this intentional?
             if let Some(ty::Generator(gen_def_id, substs, _)) = ty.map(Ty::kind) {
                 let body = tcx.optimized_mir(*gen_def_id).generator_drop().unwrap();
-                let body = EarlyBinder(body.clone()).subst(tcx, substs);
+                let body = EarlyBinder::bind(body.clone()).subst(tcx, substs);
                 debug!("make_shim({:?}) = {:?}", instance, body);
                 return body;
             }
@@ -544,6 +544,7 @@ impl<'tcx> CloneShimBuilder<'tcx> {
                     place: dest_field,
                     target: unwind,
                     unwind: UnwindAction::Terminate,
+                    replace: false,
                 },
                 true,
             );
@@ -643,8 +644,11 @@ fn build_call_shim<'tcx>(
     let sig = sig.map_bound(|sig| tcx.erase_late_bound_regions(sig));
 
     assert_eq!(sig_substs.is_some(), !instance.has_polymorphic_mir_body());
-    let mut sig =
-        if let Some(sig_substs) = sig_substs { sig.subst(tcx, &sig_substs) } else { sig.0 };
+    let mut sig = if let Some(sig_substs) = sig_substs {
+        sig.subst(tcx, &sig_substs)
+    } else {
+        sig.skip_binder()
+    };
 
     if let CallKind::Indirect(fnty) = call_kind {
         // `sig` determines our local decls, and thus the callee type in the `Call` terminator. This
@@ -800,6 +804,7 @@ fn build_call_shim<'tcx>(
                 place: rcvr_place(),
                 target: BasicBlock::new(2),
                 unwind: UnwindAction::Continue,
+                replace: false,
             },
             false,
         );
@@ -815,6 +820,7 @@ fn build_call_shim<'tcx>(
                 place: rcvr_place(),
                 target: BasicBlock::new(4),
                 unwind: UnwindAction::Terminate,
+                replace: false,
             },
             true,
         );
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/simplify.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/simplify.rs
index 1b96df3aed5..e59219321b7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/simplify.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/simplify.rs
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ pub fn simplify_cfg<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, body: &mut Body<'tcx>) {
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> MirPass<'tcx> for SimplifyCfg {
-    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+    fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
         &self.name()
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/sroa.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/sroa.rs
index 2d77291293d..e4b3b8b9262 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/sroa.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/sroa.rs
@@ -6,23 +6,29 @@ use rustc_middle::mir::visit::*;
 use rustc_middle::mir::*;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_mir_dataflow::value_analysis::{excluded_locals, iter_fields};
-use rustc_target::abi::FieldIdx;
+use rustc_target::abi::{FieldIdx, ReprFlags, FIRST_VARIANT};
 
 pub struct ScalarReplacementOfAggregates;
 
 impl<'tcx> MirPass<'tcx> for ScalarReplacementOfAggregates {
     fn is_enabled(&self, sess: &rustc_session::Session) -> bool {
-        sess.mir_opt_level() >= 3
+        sess.mir_opt_level() >= 2
     }
 
     #[instrument(level = "debug", skip(self, tcx, body))]
     fn run_pass(&self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, body: &mut Body<'tcx>) {
         debug!(def_id = ?body.source.def_id());
+
+        // Avoid query cycles (generators require optimized MIR for layout).
+        if tcx.type_of(body.source.def_id()).subst_identity().is_generator() {
+            return;
+        }
+
         let mut excluded = excluded_locals(body);
         let param_env = tcx.param_env_reveal_all_normalized(body.source.def_id());
         loop {
             debug!(?excluded);
-            let escaping = escaping_locals(&excluded, body);
+            let escaping = escaping_locals(tcx, param_env, &excluded, body);
             debug!(?escaping);
             let replacements = compute_flattening(tcx, param_env, body, escaping);
             debug!(?replacements);
@@ -48,11 +54,45 @@ impl<'tcx> MirPass<'tcx> for ScalarReplacementOfAggregates {
 /// - the locals is a union or an enum;
 /// - the local's address is taken, and thus the relative addresses of the fields are observable to
 ///   client code.
-fn escaping_locals(excluded: &BitSet<Local>, body: &Body<'_>) -> BitSet<Local> {
+fn escaping_locals<'tcx>(
+    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+    param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
+    excluded: &BitSet<Local>,
+    body: &Body<'tcx>,
+) -> BitSet<Local> {
+    let is_excluded_ty = |ty: Ty<'tcx>| {
+        if ty.is_union() || ty.is_enum() {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if let ty::Adt(def, _substs) = ty.kind() {
+            if def.repr().flags.contains(ReprFlags::IS_SIMD) {
+                // Exclude #[repr(simd)] types so that they are not de-optimized into an array
+                return true;
+            }
+            // We already excluded unions and enums, so this ADT must have one variant
+            let variant = def.variant(FIRST_VARIANT);
+            if variant.fields.len() > 1 {
+                // If this has more than one field, it cannot be a wrapper that only provides a
+                // niche, so we do not want to automatically exclude it.
+                return false;
+            }
+            let Ok(layout) = tcx.layout_of(param_env.and(ty)) else {
+                // We can't get the layout
+                return true;
+            };
+            if layout.layout.largest_niche().is_some() {
+                // This type has a niche
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        // Default for non-ADTs
+        false
+    };
+
     let mut set = BitSet::new_empty(body.local_decls.len());
     set.insert_range(RETURN_PLACE..=Local::from_usize(body.arg_count));
     for (local, decl) in body.local_decls().iter_enumerated() {
-        if decl.ty.is_union() || decl.ty.is_enum() || excluded.contains(local) {
+        if excluded.contains(local) || is_excluded_ty(decl.ty) {
             set.insert(local);
         }
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/ssa.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/ssa.rs
index a7b45366662..7a0d3a025f3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/ssa.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/ssa.rs
@@ -31,11 +31,11 @@ pub struct SsaLocals {
 /// We often encounter MIR bodies with 1 or 2 basic blocks. In those cases, it's unnecessary to
 /// actually compute dominators, we can just compare block indices because bb0 is always the first
 /// block, and in any body all other blocks are always dominated by bb0.
-struct SmallDominators {
-    inner: Option<Dominators<BasicBlock>>,
+struct SmallDominators<'a> {
+    inner: Option<&'a Dominators<BasicBlock>>,
 }
 
-impl SmallDominators {
+impl SmallDominators<'_> {
     fn dominates(&self, first: Location, second: Location) -> bool {
         if first.block == second.block {
             first.statement_index <= second.statement_index
@@ -101,14 +101,15 @@ impl SsaLocals {
             .retain(|&local| matches!(visitor.assignments[local], Set1::One(_)));
         debug!(?visitor.assignment_order);
 
-        let copy_classes = compute_copy_classes(&mut visitor, body);
-
-        SsaLocals {
+        let mut ssa = SsaLocals {
             assignments: visitor.assignments,
             assignment_order: visitor.assignment_order,
             direct_uses: visitor.direct_uses,
-            copy_classes,
-        }
+            // This is filled by `compute_copy_classes`.
+            copy_classes: IndexVec::default(),
+        };
+        compute_copy_classes(&mut ssa, body);
+        ssa
     }
 
     pub fn num_locals(&self) -> usize {
@@ -197,14 +198,14 @@ enum LocationExtended {
     Arg,
 }
 
-struct SsaVisitor {
-    dominators: SmallDominators,
+struct SsaVisitor<'a> {
+    dominators: SmallDominators<'a>,
     assignments: IndexVec<Local, Set1<LocationExtended>>,
     assignment_order: Vec<Local>,
     direct_uses: IndexVec<Local, u32>,
 }
 
-impl<'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for SsaVisitor {
+impl<'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for SsaVisitor<'_> {
     fn visit_local(&mut self, local: Local, ctxt: PlaceContext, loc: Location) {
         match ctxt {
             PlaceContext::MutatingUse(MutatingUseContext::Projection)
@@ -215,7 +216,6 @@ impl<'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for SsaVisitor {
             PlaceContext::NonMutatingUse(
                 NonMutatingUseContext::SharedBorrow
                 | NonMutatingUseContext::ShallowBorrow
-                | NonMutatingUseContext::UniqueBorrow
                 | NonMutatingUseContext::AddressOf,
             )
             | PlaceContext::MutatingUse(_) => {
@@ -261,49 +261,54 @@ impl<'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for SsaVisitor {
 }
 
 #[instrument(level = "trace", skip(ssa, body))]
-fn compute_copy_classes(ssa: &mut SsaVisitor, body: &Body<'_>) -> IndexVec<Local, Local> {
+fn compute_copy_classes(ssa: &mut SsaLocals, body: &Body<'_>) {
+    let mut direct_uses = std::mem::take(&mut ssa.direct_uses);
     let mut copies = IndexVec::from_fn_n(|l| l, body.local_decls.len());
 
-    for &local in &ssa.assignment_order {
-        debug!(?local);
-
-        if local == RETURN_PLACE {
-            // `_0` is special, we cannot rename it.
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        // This is not SSA: mark that we don't know the value.
-        debug!(assignments = ?ssa.assignments[local]);
-        let Set1::One(LocationExtended::Plain(loc)) = ssa.assignments[local] else { continue };
-
-        // `loc` must point to a direct assignment to `local`.
-        let Either::Left(stmt) = body.stmt_at(loc) else { bug!() };
-        let Some((_target, rvalue)) = stmt.kind.as_assign() else { bug!() };
-        assert_eq!(_target.as_local(), Some(local));
-
+    for (local, rvalue, _) in ssa.assignments(body) {
         let (Rvalue::Use(Operand::Copy(place) | Operand::Move(place)) | Rvalue::CopyForDeref(place))
             = rvalue
         else { continue };
 
         let Some(rhs) = place.as_local() else { continue };
-        let Set1::One(_) = ssa.assignments[rhs] else { continue };
+        if !ssa.is_ssa(rhs) {
+            continue;
+        }
 
         // We visit in `assignment_order`, ie. reverse post-order, so `rhs` has been
         // visited before `local`, and we just have to copy the representing local.
-        copies[local] = copies[rhs];
-        ssa.direct_uses[rhs] -= 1;
+        let head = copies[rhs];
+
+        if local == RETURN_PLACE {
+            // `_0` is special, we cannot rename it. Instead, rename the class of `rhs` to
+            // `RETURN_PLACE`. This is only possible if the class head is a temporary, not an
+            // argument.
+            if body.local_kind(head) != LocalKind::Temp {
+                continue;
+            }
+            for h in copies.iter_mut() {
+                if *h == head {
+                    *h = RETURN_PLACE;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            copies[local] = head;
+        }
+        direct_uses[rhs] -= 1;
     }
 
     debug!(?copies);
-    debug!(?ssa.direct_uses);
+    debug!(?direct_uses);
 
     // Invariant: `copies` must point to the head of an equivalence class.
     #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
     for &head in copies.iter() {
         assert_eq!(copies[head], head);
     }
+    debug_assert_eq!(copies[RETURN_PLACE], RETURN_PLACE);
 
-    copies
+    ssa.direct_uses = direct_uses;
+    ssa.copy_classes = copies;
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_monomorphize/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_monomorphize/messages.ftl
index 6cea6a603f3..fdd47e6f79b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_monomorphize/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_monomorphize/messages.ftl
@@ -1,32 +1,32 @@
-monomorphize_recursion_limit =
-    reached the recursion limit while instantiating `{$shrunk}`
-    .note = `{$def_path_str}` defined here
-
-monomorphize_written_to_path = the full type name has been written to '{$path}'
-
-monomorphize_type_length_limit = reached the type-length limit while instantiating `{$shrunk}`
-
 monomorphize_consider_type_length_limit =
     consider adding a `#![type_length_limit="{$type_length}"]` attribute to your crate
 
-monomorphize_fatal_error = {$error_message}
-
-monomorphize_unknown_partition_strategy = unknown partitioning strategy
+monomorphize_couldnt_dump_mono_stats =
+    unexpected error occurred while dumping monomorphization stats: {$error}
 
-monomorphize_symbol_already_defined = symbol `{$symbol}` is already defined
+monomorphize_encountered_error_while_instantiating =
+    the above error was encountered while instantiating `{$formatted_item}`
 
-monomorphize_unused_generic_params = item has unused generic parameters
+monomorphize_fatal_error = {$error_message}
 
 monomorphize_large_assignments =
     moving {$size} bytes
     .label = value moved from here
     .note = The current maximum size is {$limit}, but it can be customized with the move_size_limit attribute: `#![move_size_limit = "..."]`
 
-monomorphize_couldnt_dump_mono_stats =
-    unexpected error occurred while dumping monomorphization stats: {$error}
+monomorphize_recursion_limit =
+    reached the recursion limit while instantiating `{$shrunk}`
+    .note = `{$def_path_str}` defined here
 
-monomorphize_encountered_error_while_instantiating =
-    the above error was encountered while instantiating `{$formatted_item}`
+monomorphize_symbol_already_defined = symbol `{$symbol}` is already defined
+
+monomorphize_type_length_limit = reached the type-length limit while instantiating `{$shrunk}`
 
 monomorphize_unknown_cgu_collection_mode =
     unknown codegen-item collection mode '{$mode}', falling back to 'lazy' mode
+
+monomorphize_unknown_partition_strategy = unknown partitioning strategy
+
+monomorphize_unused_generic_params = item has unused generic parameters
+
+monomorphize_written_to_path = the full type name has been written to '{$path}'
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_monomorphize/src/collector.rs b/compiler/rustc_monomorphize/src/collector.rs
index 55c937b305a..09025c1ee33 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_monomorphize/src/collector.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_monomorphize/src/collector.rs
@@ -179,15 +179,14 @@ use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def::DefKind;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefId, DefIdMap, LocalDefId};
 use rustc_hir::lang_items::LangItem;
-use rustc_index::bit_set::GrowableBitSet;
 use rustc_middle::mir::interpret::{AllocId, ConstValue};
 use rustc_middle::mir::interpret::{ErrorHandled, GlobalAlloc, Scalar};
 use rustc_middle::mir::mono::{InstantiationMode, MonoItem};
 use rustc_middle::mir::visit::Visitor as MirVisitor;
 use rustc_middle::mir::{self, Local, Location};
+use rustc_middle::query::TyCtxtAt;
 use rustc_middle::ty::adjustment::{CustomCoerceUnsized, PointerCast};
 use rustc_middle::ty::print::with_no_trimmed_paths;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::TyCtxtAt;
 use rustc_middle::ty::subst::{GenericArgKind, InternalSubsts};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{
     self, GenericParamDefKind, Instance, InstanceDef, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeFoldable, TypeVisitableExt,
@@ -220,78 +219,29 @@ pub struct InliningMap<'tcx> {
     // The range selects elements within the `targets` vecs.
     index: FxHashMap<MonoItem<'tcx>, Range<usize>>,
     targets: Vec<MonoItem<'tcx>>,
-
-    // Contains one bit per mono item in the `targets` field. That bit
-    // is true if that mono item needs to be inlined into every CGU.
-    inlines: GrowableBitSet<usize>,
-}
-
-/// Struct to store mono items in each collecting and if they should
-/// be inlined. We call `instantiation_mode` to get their inlining
-/// status when inserting new elements, which avoids calling it in
-/// `inlining_map.lock_mut()`. See the `collect_items_rec` implementation
-/// below.
-struct MonoItems<'tcx> {
-    // If this is false, we do not need to compute whether items
-    // will need to be inlined.
-    compute_inlining: bool,
-
-    // The TyCtxt used to determine whether the a item should
-    // be inlined.
-    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-
-    // The collected mono items. The bool field in each element
-    // indicates whether this element should be inlined.
-    items: Vec<(Spanned<MonoItem<'tcx>>, bool /*inlined*/)>,
 }
 
-impl<'tcx> MonoItems<'tcx> {
-    #[inline]
-    fn push(&mut self, item: Spanned<MonoItem<'tcx>>) {
-        self.extend([item]);
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn extend<T: IntoIterator<Item = Spanned<MonoItem<'tcx>>>>(&mut self, iter: T) {
-        self.items.extend(iter.into_iter().map(|mono_item| {
-            let inlined = if !self.compute_inlining {
-                false
-            } else {
-                mono_item.node.instantiation_mode(self.tcx) == InstantiationMode::LocalCopy
-            };
-            (mono_item, inlined)
-        }))
-    }
-}
+type MonoItems<'tcx> = Vec<Spanned<MonoItem<'tcx>>>;
 
 impl<'tcx> InliningMap<'tcx> {
     fn new() -> InliningMap<'tcx> {
-        InliningMap {
-            index: FxHashMap::default(),
-            targets: Vec::new(),
-            inlines: GrowableBitSet::with_capacity(1024),
-        }
+        InliningMap { index: FxHashMap::default(), targets: Vec::new() }
     }
 
     fn record_accesses<'a>(
         &mut self,
         source: MonoItem<'tcx>,
-        new_targets: &'a [(Spanned<MonoItem<'tcx>>, bool)],
+        new_targets: &'a [Spanned<MonoItem<'tcx>>],
     ) where
         'tcx: 'a,
     {
         let start_index = self.targets.len();
         let new_items_count = new_targets.len();
-        let new_items_count_total = new_items_count + self.targets.len();
 
         self.targets.reserve(new_items_count);
-        self.inlines.ensure(new_items_count_total);
 
-        for (i, (Spanned { node: mono_item, .. }, inlined)) in new_targets.into_iter().enumerate() {
+        for Spanned { node: mono_item, .. } in new_targets.into_iter() {
             self.targets.push(*mono_item);
-            if *inlined {
-                self.inlines.insert(i + start_index);
-            }
         }
 
         let end_index = self.targets.len();
@@ -300,13 +250,14 @@ impl<'tcx> InliningMap<'tcx> {
 
     /// Internally iterate over all items referenced by `source` which will be
     /// made available for inlining.
-    pub fn with_inlining_candidates<F>(&self, source: MonoItem<'tcx>, mut f: F)
+    pub fn with_inlining_candidates<F>(&self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, source: MonoItem<'tcx>, mut f: F)
     where
         F: FnMut(MonoItem<'tcx>),
     {
         if let Some(range) = self.index.get(&source) {
-            for (i, candidate) in self.targets[range.clone()].iter().enumerate() {
-                if self.inlines.contains(range.start + i) {
+            for candidate in self.targets[range.clone()].iter() {
+                let is_inlined = candidate.instantiation_mode(tcx) == InstantiationMode::LocalCopy;
+                if is_inlined {
                     f(*candidate);
                 }
             }
@@ -367,7 +318,7 @@ pub fn collect_crate_mono_items(
 #[instrument(skip(tcx, mode), level = "debug")]
 fn collect_roots(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, mode: MonoItemCollectionMode) -> Vec<MonoItem<'_>> {
     debug!("collecting roots");
-    let mut roots = MonoItems { compute_inlining: false, tcx, items: Vec::new() };
+    let mut roots = Vec::new();
 
     {
         let entry_fn = tcx.entry_fn(());
@@ -393,9 +344,8 @@ fn collect_roots(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, mode: MonoItemCollectionMode) -> Vec<MonoItem<
     // whose predicates hold. Luckily, items that aren't instantiable
     // can't actually be used, so we can just skip codegenning them.
     roots
-        .items
         .into_iter()
-        .filter_map(|(Spanned { node: mono_item, .. }, _)| {
+        .filter_map(|Spanned { node: mono_item, .. }| {
             mono_item.is_instantiable(tcx).then_some(mono_item)
         })
         .collect()
@@ -417,7 +367,7 @@ fn collect_items_rec<'tcx>(
         return;
     }
 
-    let mut neighbors = MonoItems { compute_inlining: true, tcx, items: Vec::new() };
+    let mut neighbors = Vec::new();
     let recursion_depth_reset;
 
     //
@@ -542,9 +492,9 @@ fn collect_items_rec<'tcx>(
             formatted_item,
         });
     }
-    inlining_map.lock_mut().record_accesses(starting_point.node, &neighbors.items);
+    inlining_map.lock_mut().record_accesses(starting_point.node, &neighbors);
 
-    for (neighbour, _) in neighbors.items {
+    for neighbour in neighbors {
         collect_items_rec(tcx, neighbour, visited, recursion_depths, recursion_limit, inlining_map);
     }
 
@@ -677,7 +627,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> MirNeighborCollector<'a, 'tcx> {
         self.instance.subst_mir_and_normalize_erasing_regions(
             self.tcx,
             ty::ParamEnv::reveal_all(),
-            ty::EarlyBinder(value),
+            ty::EarlyBinder::bind(value),
         )
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_monomorphize/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_monomorphize/src/lib.rs
index 7253acf61e6..ecc50c3f664 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_monomorphize/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_monomorphize/src/lib.rs
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ extern crate rustc_middle;
 use rustc_errors::{DiagnosticMessage, SubdiagnosticMessage};
 use rustc_fluent_macro::fluent_messages;
 use rustc_hir::lang_items::LangItem;
+use rustc_middle::query::{Providers, TyCtxtAt};
 use rustc_middle::traits;
 use rustc_middle::ty::adjustment::CustomCoerceUnsized;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::{Providers, TyCtxtAt};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty};
 
 mod collector;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_monomorphize/src/partitioning.rs b/compiler/rustc_monomorphize/src/partitioning.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0bacb58383d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_monomorphize/src/partitioning.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,1183 @@
+//! Partitioning Codegen Units for Incremental Compilation
+//! ======================================================
+//!
+//! The task of this module is to take the complete set of monomorphizations of
+//! a crate and produce a set of codegen units from it, where a codegen unit
+//! is a named set of (mono-item, linkage) pairs. That is, this module
+//! decides which monomorphization appears in which codegen units with which
+//! linkage. The following paragraphs describe some of the background on the
+//! partitioning scheme.
+//!
+//! The most important opportunity for saving on compilation time with
+//! incremental compilation is to avoid re-codegenning and re-optimizing code.
+//! Since the unit of codegen and optimization for LLVM is "modules" or, how
+//! we call them "codegen units", the particulars of how much time can be saved
+//! by incremental compilation are tightly linked to how the output program is
+//! partitioned into these codegen units prior to passing it to LLVM --
+//! especially because we have to treat codegen units as opaque entities once
+//! they are created: There is no way for us to incrementally update an existing
+//! LLVM module and so we have to build any such module from scratch if it was
+//! affected by some change in the source code.
+//!
+//! From that point of view it would make sense to maximize the number of
+//! codegen units by, for example, putting each function into its own module.
+//! That way only those modules would have to be re-compiled that were actually
+//! affected by some change, minimizing the number of functions that could have
+//! been re-used but just happened to be located in a module that is
+//! re-compiled.
+//!
+//! However, since LLVM optimization does not work across module boundaries,
+//! using such a highly granular partitioning would lead to very slow runtime
+//! code since it would effectively prohibit inlining and other inter-procedure
+//! optimizations. We want to avoid that as much as possible.
+//!
+//! Thus we end up with a trade-off: The bigger the codegen units, the better
+//! LLVM's optimizer can do its work, but also the smaller the compilation time
+//! reduction we get from incremental compilation.
+//!
+//! Ideally, we would create a partitioning such that there are few big codegen
+//! units with few interdependencies between them. For now though, we use the
+//! following heuristic to determine the partitioning:
+//!
+//! - There are two codegen units for every source-level module:
+//! - One for "stable", that is non-generic, code
+//! - One for more "volatile" code, i.e., monomorphized instances of functions
+//!   defined in that module
+//!
+//! In order to see why this heuristic makes sense, let's take a look at when a
+//! codegen unit can get invalidated:
+//!
+//! 1. The most straightforward case is when the BODY of a function or global
+//! changes. Then any codegen unit containing the code for that item has to be
+//! re-compiled. Note that this includes all codegen units where the function
+//! has been inlined.
+//!
+//! 2. The next case is when the SIGNATURE of a function or global changes. In
+//! this case, all codegen units containing a REFERENCE to that item have to be
+//! re-compiled. This is a superset of case 1.
+//!
+//! 3. The final and most subtle case is when a REFERENCE to a generic function
+//! is added or removed somewhere. Even though the definition of the function
+//! might be unchanged, a new REFERENCE might introduce a new monomorphized
+//! instance of this function which has to be placed and compiled somewhere.
+//! Conversely, when removing a REFERENCE, it might have been the last one with
+//! that particular set of generic arguments and thus we have to remove it.
+//!
+//! From the above we see that just using one codegen unit per source-level
+//! module is not such a good idea, since just adding a REFERENCE to some
+//! generic item somewhere else would invalidate everything within the module
+//! containing the generic item. The heuristic above reduces this detrimental
+//! side-effect of references a little by at least not touching the non-generic
+//! code of the module.
+//!
+//! A Note on Inlining
+//! ------------------
+//! As briefly mentioned above, in order for LLVM to be able to inline a
+//! function call, the body of the function has to be available in the LLVM
+//! module where the call is made. This has a few consequences for partitioning:
+//!
+//! - The partitioning algorithm has to take care of placing functions into all
+//!   codegen units where they should be available for inlining. It also has to
+//!   decide on the correct linkage for these functions.
+//!
+//! - The partitioning algorithm has to know which functions are likely to get
+//!   inlined, so it can distribute function instantiations accordingly. Since
+//!   there is no way of knowing for sure which functions LLVM will decide to
+//!   inline in the end, we apply a heuristic here: Only functions marked with
+//!   `#[inline]` are considered for inlining by the partitioner. The current
+//!   implementation will not try to determine if a function is likely to be
+//!   inlined by looking at the functions definition.
+//!
+//! Note though that as a side-effect of creating a codegen units per
+//! source-level module, functions from the same module will be available for
+//! inlining, even when they are not marked `#[inline]`.
+
+use std::cmp;
+use std::collections::hash_map::Entry;
+use std::fs::{self, File};
+use std::io::{BufWriter, Write};
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+
+use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
+use rustc_data_structures::sync;
+use rustc_hir::def::DefKind;
+use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefId, DefIdSet, LOCAL_CRATE};
+use rustc_hir::definitions::DefPathDataName;
+use rustc_middle::middle::codegen_fn_attrs::CodegenFnAttrFlags;
+use rustc_middle::middle::exported_symbols::{SymbolExportInfo, SymbolExportLevel};
+use rustc_middle::mir;
+use rustc_middle::mir::mono::{
+    CodegenUnit, CodegenUnitNameBuilder, InstantiationMode, Linkage, MonoItem, Visibility,
+};
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::ty::print::{characteristic_def_id_of_type, with_no_trimmed_paths};
+use rustc_middle::ty::{self, visit::TypeVisitableExt, InstanceDef, TyCtxt};
+use rustc_session::config::{DumpMonoStatsFormat, SwitchWithOptPath};
+use rustc_span::symbol::Symbol;
+
+use crate::collector::InliningMap;
+use crate::collector::{self, MonoItemCollectionMode};
+use crate::errors::{CouldntDumpMonoStats, SymbolAlreadyDefined, UnknownCguCollectionMode};
+
+struct PartitioningCx<'a, 'tcx> {
+    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+    target_cgu_count: usize,
+    inlining_map: &'a InliningMap<'tcx>,
+}
+
+struct PlacedRootMonoItems<'tcx> {
+    codegen_units: Vec<CodegenUnit<'tcx>>,
+    roots: FxHashSet<MonoItem<'tcx>>,
+    internalization_candidates: FxHashSet<MonoItem<'tcx>>,
+}
+
+fn partition<'tcx, I>(
+    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+    mono_items: &mut I,
+    max_cgu_count: usize,
+    inlining_map: &InliningMap<'tcx>,
+) -> Vec<CodegenUnit<'tcx>>
+where
+    I: Iterator<Item = MonoItem<'tcx>>,
+{
+    let _prof_timer = tcx.prof.generic_activity("cgu_partitioning");
+
+    let cx = &PartitioningCx { tcx, target_cgu_count: max_cgu_count, inlining_map };
+    // In the first step, we place all regular monomorphizations into their
+    // respective 'home' codegen unit. Regular monomorphizations are all
+    // functions and statics defined in the local crate.
+    let PlacedRootMonoItems { mut codegen_units, roots, internalization_candidates } = {
+        let _prof_timer = tcx.prof.generic_activity("cgu_partitioning_place_roots");
+        place_root_mono_items(cx, mono_items)
+    };
+
+    for cgu in &mut codegen_units {
+        cgu.create_size_estimate(tcx);
+    }
+
+    debug_dump(tcx, "INITIAL PARTITIONING", &codegen_units);
+
+    // Merge until we have at most `max_cgu_count` codegen units.
+    // `merge_codegen_units` is responsible for updating the CGU size
+    // estimates.
+    {
+        let _prof_timer = tcx.prof.generic_activity("cgu_partitioning_merge_cgus");
+        merge_codegen_units(cx, &mut codegen_units);
+        debug_dump(tcx, "POST MERGING", &codegen_units);
+    }
+
+    // In the next step, we use the inlining map to determine which additional
+    // monomorphizations have to go into each codegen unit. These additional
+    // monomorphizations can be drop-glue, functions from external crates, and
+    // local functions the definition of which is marked with `#[inline]`.
+    let mono_item_placements = {
+        let _prof_timer = tcx.prof.generic_activity("cgu_partitioning_place_inline_items");
+        place_inlined_mono_items(cx, &mut codegen_units, roots)
+    };
+
+    for cgu in &mut codegen_units {
+        cgu.create_size_estimate(tcx);
+    }
+
+    debug_dump(tcx, "POST INLINING", &codegen_units);
+
+    // Next we try to make as many symbols "internal" as possible, so LLVM has
+    // more freedom to optimize.
+    if !tcx.sess.link_dead_code() {
+        let _prof_timer = tcx.prof.generic_activity("cgu_partitioning_internalize_symbols");
+        internalize_symbols(
+            cx,
+            &mut codegen_units,
+            mono_item_placements,
+            internalization_candidates,
+        );
+    }
+
+    let instrument_dead_code =
+        tcx.sess.instrument_coverage() && !tcx.sess.instrument_coverage_except_unused_functions();
+
+    if instrument_dead_code {
+        assert!(
+            codegen_units.len() > 0,
+            "There must be at least one CGU that code coverage data can be generated in."
+        );
+
+        // Find the smallest CGU that has exported symbols and put the dead
+        // function stubs in that CGU. We look for exported symbols to increase
+        // the likelihood the linker won't throw away the dead functions.
+        // FIXME(#92165): In order to truly resolve this, we need to make sure
+        // the object file (CGU) containing the dead function stubs is included
+        // in the final binary. This will probably require forcing these
+        // function symbols to be included via `-u` or `/include` linker args.
+        let mut cgus: Vec<_> = codegen_units.iter_mut().collect();
+        cgus.sort_by_key(|cgu| cgu.size_estimate());
+
+        let dead_code_cgu =
+            if let Some(cgu) = cgus.into_iter().rev().find(|cgu| {
+                cgu.items().iter().any(|(_, (linkage, _))| *linkage == Linkage::External)
+            }) {
+                cgu
+            } else {
+                // If there are no CGUs that have externally linked items,
+                // then we just pick the first CGU as a fallback.
+                &mut codegen_units[0]
+            };
+        dead_code_cgu.make_code_coverage_dead_code_cgu();
+    }
+
+    // Finally, sort by codegen unit name, so that we get deterministic results.
+    codegen_units.sort_by(|a, b| a.name().as_str().cmp(b.name().as_str()));
+
+    debug_dump(tcx, "FINAL", &codegen_units);
+
+    codegen_units
+}
+
+fn place_root_mono_items<'tcx, I>(
+    cx: &PartitioningCx<'_, 'tcx>,
+    mono_items: &mut I,
+) -> PlacedRootMonoItems<'tcx>
+where
+    I: Iterator<Item = MonoItem<'tcx>>,
+{
+    let mut roots = FxHashSet::default();
+    let mut codegen_units = FxHashMap::default();
+    let is_incremental_build = cx.tcx.sess.opts.incremental.is_some();
+    let mut internalization_candidates = FxHashSet::default();
+
+    // Determine if monomorphizations instantiated in this crate will be made
+    // available to downstream crates. This depends on whether we are in
+    // share-generics mode and whether the current crate can even have
+    // downstream crates.
+    let export_generics =
+        cx.tcx.sess.opts.share_generics() && cx.tcx.local_crate_exports_generics();
+
+    let cgu_name_builder = &mut CodegenUnitNameBuilder::new(cx.tcx);
+    let cgu_name_cache = &mut FxHashMap::default();
+
+    for mono_item in mono_items {
+        match mono_item.instantiation_mode(cx.tcx) {
+            InstantiationMode::GloballyShared { .. } => {}
+            InstantiationMode::LocalCopy => continue,
+        }
+
+        let characteristic_def_id = characteristic_def_id_of_mono_item(cx.tcx, mono_item);
+        let is_volatile = is_incremental_build && mono_item.is_generic_fn();
+
+        let codegen_unit_name = match characteristic_def_id {
+            Some(def_id) => compute_codegen_unit_name(
+                cx.tcx,
+                cgu_name_builder,
+                def_id,
+                is_volatile,
+                cgu_name_cache,
+            ),
+            None => fallback_cgu_name(cgu_name_builder),
+        };
+
+        let codegen_unit = codegen_units
+            .entry(codegen_unit_name)
+            .or_insert_with(|| CodegenUnit::new(codegen_unit_name));
+
+        let mut can_be_internalized = true;
+        let (linkage, visibility) = mono_item_linkage_and_visibility(
+            cx.tcx,
+            &mono_item,
+            &mut can_be_internalized,
+            export_generics,
+        );
+        if visibility == Visibility::Hidden && can_be_internalized {
+            internalization_candidates.insert(mono_item);
+        }
+
+        codegen_unit.items_mut().insert(mono_item, (linkage, visibility));
+        roots.insert(mono_item);
+    }
+
+    // Always ensure we have at least one CGU; otherwise, if we have a
+    // crate with just types (for example), we could wind up with no CGU.
+    if codegen_units.is_empty() {
+        let codegen_unit_name = fallback_cgu_name(cgu_name_builder);
+        codegen_units.insert(codegen_unit_name, CodegenUnit::new(codegen_unit_name));
+    }
+
+    let codegen_units = codegen_units.into_values().collect();
+    PlacedRootMonoItems { codegen_units, roots, internalization_candidates }
+}
+
+fn merge_codegen_units<'tcx>(
+    cx: &PartitioningCx<'_, 'tcx>,
+    codegen_units: &mut Vec<CodegenUnit<'tcx>>,
+) {
+    assert!(cx.target_cgu_count >= 1);
+
+    // Note that at this point in time the `codegen_units` here may not be
+    // in a deterministic order (but we know they're deterministically the
+    // same set). We want this merging to produce a deterministic ordering
+    // of codegen units from the input.
+    //
+    // Due to basically how we've implemented the merging below (merge the
+    // two smallest into each other) we're sure to start off with a
+    // deterministic order (sorted by name). This'll mean that if two cgus
+    // have the same size the stable sort below will keep everything nice
+    // and deterministic.
+    codegen_units.sort_by(|a, b| a.name().as_str().cmp(b.name().as_str()));
+
+    // This map keeps track of what got merged into what.
+    let mut cgu_contents: FxHashMap<Symbol, Vec<Symbol>> =
+        codegen_units.iter().map(|cgu| (cgu.name(), vec![cgu.name()])).collect();
+
+    // Merge the two smallest codegen units until the target size is
+    // reached.
+    while codegen_units.len() > cx.target_cgu_count {
+        // Sort small cgus to the back
+        codegen_units.sort_by_cached_key(|cgu| cmp::Reverse(cgu.size_estimate()));
+        let mut smallest = codegen_units.pop().unwrap();
+        let second_smallest = codegen_units.last_mut().unwrap();
+
+        // Move the mono-items from `smallest` to `second_smallest`
+        second_smallest.modify_size_estimate(smallest.size_estimate());
+        for (k, v) in smallest.items_mut().drain() {
+            second_smallest.items_mut().insert(k, v);
+        }
+
+        // Record that `second_smallest` now contains all the stuff that was
+        // in `smallest` before.
+        let mut consumed_cgu_names = cgu_contents.remove(&smallest.name()).unwrap();
+        cgu_contents.get_mut(&second_smallest.name()).unwrap().append(&mut consumed_cgu_names);
+
+        debug!(
+            "CodegenUnit {} merged into CodegenUnit {}",
+            smallest.name(),
+            second_smallest.name()
+        );
+    }
+
+    let cgu_name_builder = &mut CodegenUnitNameBuilder::new(cx.tcx);
+
+    if cx.tcx.sess.opts.incremental.is_some() {
+        // If we are doing incremental compilation, we want CGU names to
+        // reflect the path of the source level module they correspond to.
+        // For CGUs that contain the code of multiple modules because of the
+        // merging done above, we use a concatenation of the names of all
+        // contained CGUs.
+        let new_cgu_names: FxHashMap<Symbol, String> = cgu_contents
+            .into_iter()
+            // This `filter` makes sure we only update the name of CGUs that
+            // were actually modified by merging.
+            .filter(|(_, cgu_contents)| cgu_contents.len() > 1)
+            .map(|(current_cgu_name, cgu_contents)| {
+                let mut cgu_contents: Vec<&str> = cgu_contents.iter().map(|s| s.as_str()).collect();
+
+                // Sort the names, so things are deterministic and easy to
+                // predict. We are sorting primitive `&str`s here so we can
+                // use unstable sort.
+                cgu_contents.sort_unstable();
+
+                (current_cgu_name, cgu_contents.join("--"))
+            })
+            .collect();
+
+        for cgu in codegen_units.iter_mut() {
+            if let Some(new_cgu_name) = new_cgu_names.get(&cgu.name()) {
+                if cx.tcx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.human_readable_cgu_names {
+                    cgu.set_name(Symbol::intern(&new_cgu_name));
+                } else {
+                    // If we don't require CGU names to be human-readable,
+                    // we use a fixed length hash of the composite CGU name
+                    // instead.
+                    let new_cgu_name = CodegenUnit::mangle_name(&new_cgu_name);
+                    cgu.set_name(Symbol::intern(&new_cgu_name));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        // If we are compiling non-incrementally we just generate simple CGU
+        // names containing an index.
+        for (index, cgu) in codegen_units.iter_mut().enumerate() {
+            let numbered_codegen_unit_name =
+                cgu_name_builder.build_cgu_name_no_mangle(LOCAL_CRATE, &["cgu"], Some(index));
+            cgu.set_name(numbered_codegen_unit_name);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// For symbol internalization, we need to know whether a symbol/mono-item is
+/// accessed from outside the codegen unit it is defined in. This type is used
+/// to keep track of that.
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
+enum MonoItemPlacement {
+    SingleCgu { cgu_name: Symbol },
+    MultipleCgus,
+}
+
+fn place_inlined_mono_items<'tcx>(
+    cx: &PartitioningCx<'_, 'tcx>,
+    codegen_units: &mut [CodegenUnit<'tcx>],
+    roots: FxHashSet<MonoItem<'tcx>>,
+) -> FxHashMap<MonoItem<'tcx>, MonoItemPlacement> {
+    let mut mono_item_placements = FxHashMap::default();
+
+    let single_codegen_unit = codegen_units.len() == 1;
+
+    for old_codegen_unit in codegen_units.iter_mut() {
+        // Collect all items that need to be available in this codegen unit.
+        let mut reachable = FxHashSet::default();
+        for root in old_codegen_unit.items().keys() {
+            follow_inlining(cx.tcx, *root, cx.inlining_map, &mut reachable);
+        }
+
+        let mut new_codegen_unit = CodegenUnit::new(old_codegen_unit.name());
+
+        // Add all monomorphizations that are not already there.
+        for mono_item in reachable {
+            if let Some(linkage) = old_codegen_unit.items().get(&mono_item) {
+                // This is a root, just copy it over.
+                new_codegen_unit.items_mut().insert(mono_item, *linkage);
+            } else {
+                if roots.contains(&mono_item) {
+                    bug!(
+                        "GloballyShared mono-item inlined into other CGU: \
+                          {:?}",
+                        mono_item
+                    );
+                }
+
+                // This is a CGU-private copy.
+                new_codegen_unit
+                    .items_mut()
+                    .insert(mono_item, (Linkage::Internal, Visibility::Default));
+            }
+
+            if !single_codegen_unit {
+                // If there is more than one codegen unit, we need to keep track
+                // in which codegen units each monomorphization is placed.
+                match mono_item_placements.entry(mono_item) {
+                    Entry::Occupied(e) => {
+                        let placement = e.into_mut();
+                        debug_assert!(match *placement {
+                            MonoItemPlacement::SingleCgu { cgu_name } => {
+                                cgu_name != new_codegen_unit.name()
+                            }
+                            MonoItemPlacement::MultipleCgus => true,
+                        });
+                        *placement = MonoItemPlacement::MultipleCgus;
+                    }
+                    Entry::Vacant(e) => {
+                        e.insert(MonoItemPlacement::SingleCgu {
+                            cgu_name: new_codegen_unit.name(),
+                        });
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        *old_codegen_unit = new_codegen_unit;
+    }
+
+    return mono_item_placements;
+
+    fn follow_inlining<'tcx>(
+        tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+        mono_item: MonoItem<'tcx>,
+        inlining_map: &InliningMap<'tcx>,
+        visited: &mut FxHashSet<MonoItem<'tcx>>,
+    ) {
+        if !visited.insert(mono_item) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        inlining_map.with_inlining_candidates(tcx, mono_item, |target| {
+            follow_inlining(tcx, target, inlining_map, visited);
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+fn internalize_symbols<'tcx>(
+    cx: &PartitioningCx<'_, 'tcx>,
+    codegen_units: &mut [CodegenUnit<'tcx>],
+    mono_item_placements: FxHashMap<MonoItem<'tcx>, MonoItemPlacement>,
+    internalization_candidates: FxHashSet<MonoItem<'tcx>>,
+) {
+    if codegen_units.len() == 1 {
+        // Fast path for when there is only one codegen unit. In this case we
+        // can internalize all candidates, since there is nowhere else they
+        // could be accessed from.
+        for cgu in codegen_units {
+            for candidate in &internalization_candidates {
+                cgu.items_mut().insert(*candidate, (Linkage::Internal, Visibility::Default));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Build a map from every monomorphization to all the monomorphizations that
+    // reference it.
+    let mut accessor_map: FxHashMap<MonoItem<'tcx>, Vec<MonoItem<'tcx>>> = Default::default();
+    cx.inlining_map.iter_accesses(|accessor, accessees| {
+        for accessee in accessees {
+            accessor_map.entry(*accessee).or_default().push(accessor);
+        }
+    });
+
+    // For each internalization candidates in each codegen unit, check if it is
+    // accessed from outside its defining codegen unit.
+    for cgu in codegen_units {
+        let home_cgu = MonoItemPlacement::SingleCgu { cgu_name: cgu.name() };
+
+        for (accessee, linkage_and_visibility) in cgu.items_mut() {
+            if !internalization_candidates.contains(accessee) {
+                // This item is no candidate for internalizing, so skip it.
+                continue;
+            }
+            debug_assert_eq!(mono_item_placements[accessee], home_cgu);
+
+            if let Some(accessors) = accessor_map.get(accessee) {
+                if accessors
+                    .iter()
+                    .filter_map(|accessor| {
+                        // Some accessors might not have been
+                        // instantiated. We can safely ignore those.
+                        mono_item_placements.get(accessor)
+                    })
+                    .any(|placement| *placement != home_cgu)
+                {
+                    // Found an accessor from another CGU, so skip to the next
+                    // item without marking this one as internal.
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // If we got here, we did not find any accesses from other CGUs,
+            // so it's fine to make this monomorphization internal.
+            *linkage_and_visibility = (Linkage::Internal, Visibility::Default);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn characteristic_def_id_of_mono_item<'tcx>(
+    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+    mono_item: MonoItem<'tcx>,
+) -> Option<DefId> {
+    match mono_item {
+        MonoItem::Fn(instance) => {
+            let def_id = match instance.def {
+                ty::InstanceDef::Item(def) => def,
+                ty::InstanceDef::VTableShim(..)
+                | ty::InstanceDef::ReifyShim(..)
+                | ty::InstanceDef::FnPtrShim(..)
+                | ty::InstanceDef::ClosureOnceShim { .. }
+                | ty::InstanceDef::Intrinsic(..)
+                | ty::InstanceDef::DropGlue(..)
+                | ty::InstanceDef::Virtual(..)
+                | ty::InstanceDef::CloneShim(..)
+                | ty::InstanceDef::ThreadLocalShim(..)
+                | ty::InstanceDef::FnPtrAddrShim(..) => return None,
+            };
+
+            // If this is a method, we want to put it into the same module as
+            // its self-type. If the self-type does not provide a characteristic
+            // DefId, we use the location of the impl after all.
+
+            if tcx.trait_of_item(def_id).is_some() {
+                let self_ty = instance.substs.type_at(0);
+                // This is a default implementation of a trait method.
+                return characteristic_def_id_of_type(self_ty).or(Some(def_id));
+            }
+
+            if let Some(impl_def_id) = tcx.impl_of_method(def_id) {
+                if tcx.sess.opts.incremental.is_some()
+                    && tcx.trait_id_of_impl(impl_def_id) == tcx.lang_items().drop_trait()
+                {
+                    // Put `Drop::drop` into the same cgu as `drop_in_place`
+                    // since `drop_in_place` is the only thing that can
+                    // call it.
+                    return None;
+                }
+
+                // When polymorphization is enabled, methods which do not depend on their generic
+                // parameters, but the self-type of their impl block do will fail to normalize.
+                if !tcx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.polymorphize || !instance.has_param() {
+                    // This is a method within an impl, find out what the self-type is:
+                    let impl_self_ty = tcx.subst_and_normalize_erasing_regions(
+                        instance.substs,
+                        ty::ParamEnv::reveal_all(),
+                        tcx.type_of(impl_def_id),
+                    );
+                    if let Some(def_id) = characteristic_def_id_of_type(impl_self_ty) {
+                        return Some(def_id);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            Some(def_id)
+        }
+        MonoItem::Static(def_id) => Some(def_id),
+        MonoItem::GlobalAsm(item_id) => Some(item_id.owner_id.to_def_id()),
+    }
+}
+
+fn compute_codegen_unit_name(
+    tcx: TyCtxt<'_>,
+    name_builder: &mut CodegenUnitNameBuilder<'_>,
+    def_id: DefId,
+    volatile: bool,
+    cache: &mut CguNameCache,
+) -> Symbol {
+    // Find the innermost module that is not nested within a function.
+    let mut current_def_id = def_id;
+    let mut cgu_def_id = None;
+    // Walk backwards from the item we want to find the module for.
+    loop {
+        if current_def_id.is_crate_root() {
+            if cgu_def_id.is_none() {
+                // If we have not found a module yet, take the crate root.
+                cgu_def_id = Some(def_id.krate.as_def_id());
+            }
+            break;
+        } else if tcx.def_kind(current_def_id) == DefKind::Mod {
+            if cgu_def_id.is_none() {
+                cgu_def_id = Some(current_def_id);
+            }
+        } else {
+            // If we encounter something that is not a module, throw away
+            // any module that we've found so far because we now know that
+            // it is nested within something else.
+            cgu_def_id = None;
+        }
+
+        current_def_id = tcx.parent(current_def_id);
+    }
+
+    let cgu_def_id = cgu_def_id.unwrap();
+
+    *cache.entry((cgu_def_id, volatile)).or_insert_with(|| {
+        let def_path = tcx.def_path(cgu_def_id);
+
+        let components = def_path.data.iter().map(|part| match part.data.name() {
+            DefPathDataName::Named(name) => name,
+            DefPathDataName::Anon { .. } => unreachable!(),
+        });
+
+        let volatile_suffix = volatile.then_some("volatile");
+
+        name_builder.build_cgu_name(def_path.krate, components, volatile_suffix)
+    })
+}
+
+// Anything we can't find a proper codegen unit for goes into this.
+fn fallback_cgu_name(name_builder: &mut CodegenUnitNameBuilder<'_>) -> Symbol {
+    name_builder.build_cgu_name(LOCAL_CRATE, &["fallback"], Some("cgu"))
+}
+
+fn mono_item_linkage_and_visibility<'tcx>(
+    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+    mono_item: &MonoItem<'tcx>,
+    can_be_internalized: &mut bool,
+    export_generics: bool,
+) -> (Linkage, Visibility) {
+    if let Some(explicit_linkage) = mono_item.explicit_linkage(tcx) {
+        return (explicit_linkage, Visibility::Default);
+    }
+    let vis = mono_item_visibility(tcx, mono_item, can_be_internalized, export_generics);
+    (Linkage::External, vis)
+}
+
+type CguNameCache = FxHashMap<(DefId, bool), Symbol>;
+
+fn static_visibility<'tcx>(
+    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+    can_be_internalized: &mut bool,
+    def_id: DefId,
+) -> Visibility {
+    if tcx.is_reachable_non_generic(def_id) {
+        *can_be_internalized = false;
+        default_visibility(tcx, def_id, false)
+    } else {
+        Visibility::Hidden
+    }
+}
+
+fn mono_item_visibility<'tcx>(
+    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+    mono_item: &MonoItem<'tcx>,
+    can_be_internalized: &mut bool,
+    export_generics: bool,
+) -> Visibility {
+    let instance = match mono_item {
+        // This is pretty complicated; see below.
+        MonoItem::Fn(instance) => instance,
+
+        // Misc handling for generics and such, but otherwise:
+        MonoItem::Static(def_id) => return static_visibility(tcx, can_be_internalized, *def_id),
+        MonoItem::GlobalAsm(item_id) => {
+            return static_visibility(tcx, can_be_internalized, item_id.owner_id.to_def_id());
+        }
+    };
+
+    let def_id = match instance.def {
+        InstanceDef::Item(def_id) | InstanceDef::DropGlue(def_id, Some(_)) => def_id,
+
+        // We match the visibility of statics here
+        InstanceDef::ThreadLocalShim(def_id) => {
+            return static_visibility(tcx, can_be_internalized, def_id);
+        }
+
+        // These are all compiler glue and such, never exported, always hidden.
+        InstanceDef::VTableShim(..)
+        | InstanceDef::ReifyShim(..)
+        | InstanceDef::FnPtrShim(..)
+        | InstanceDef::Virtual(..)
+        | InstanceDef::Intrinsic(..)
+        | InstanceDef::ClosureOnceShim { .. }
+        | InstanceDef::DropGlue(..)
+        | InstanceDef::CloneShim(..)
+        | InstanceDef::FnPtrAddrShim(..) => return Visibility::Hidden,
+    };
+
+    // The `start_fn` lang item is actually a monomorphized instance of a
+    // function in the standard library, used for the `main` function. We don't
+    // want to export it so we tag it with `Hidden` visibility but this symbol
+    // is only referenced from the actual `main` symbol which we unfortunately
+    // don't know anything about during partitioning/collection. As a result we
+    // forcibly keep this symbol out of the `internalization_candidates` set.
+    //
+    // FIXME: eventually we don't want to always force this symbol to have
+    //        hidden visibility, it should indeed be a candidate for
+    //        internalization, but we have to understand that it's referenced
+    //        from the `main` symbol we'll generate later.
+    //
+    //        This may be fixable with a new `InstanceDef` perhaps? Unsure!
+    if tcx.lang_items().start_fn() == Some(def_id) {
+        *can_be_internalized = false;
+        return Visibility::Hidden;
+    }
+
+    let is_generic = instance.substs.non_erasable_generics().next().is_some();
+
+    // Upstream `DefId` instances get different handling than local ones.
+    let Some(def_id) = def_id.as_local() else {
+        return if export_generics && is_generic {
+            // If it is an upstream monomorphization and we export generics, we must make
+            // it available to downstream crates.
+            *can_be_internalized = false;
+            default_visibility(tcx, def_id, true)
+        } else {
+            Visibility::Hidden
+        };
+    };
+
+    if is_generic {
+        if export_generics {
+            if tcx.is_unreachable_local_definition(def_id) {
+                // This instance cannot be used from another crate.
+                Visibility::Hidden
+            } else {
+                // This instance might be useful in a downstream crate.
+                *can_be_internalized = false;
+                default_visibility(tcx, def_id.to_def_id(), true)
+            }
+        } else {
+            // We are not exporting generics or the definition is not reachable
+            // for downstream crates, we can internalize its instantiations.
+            Visibility::Hidden
+        }
+    } else {
+        // If this isn't a generic function then we mark this a `Default` if
+        // this is a reachable item, meaning that it's a symbol other crates may
+        // access when they link to us.
+        if tcx.is_reachable_non_generic(def_id.to_def_id()) {
+            *can_be_internalized = false;
+            debug_assert!(!is_generic);
+            return default_visibility(tcx, def_id.to_def_id(), false);
+        }
+
+        // If this isn't reachable then we're gonna tag this with `Hidden`
+        // visibility. In some situations though we'll want to prevent this
+        // symbol from being internalized.
+        //
+        // There's two categories of items here:
+        //
+        // * First is weak lang items. These are basically mechanisms for
+        //   libcore to forward-reference symbols defined later in crates like
+        //   the standard library or `#[panic_handler]` definitions. The
+        //   definition of these weak lang items needs to be referencable by
+        //   libcore, so we're no longer a candidate for internalization.
+        //   Removal of these functions can't be done by LLVM but rather must be
+        //   done by the linker as it's a non-local decision.
+        //
+        // * Second is "std internal symbols". Currently this is primarily used
+        //   for allocator symbols. Allocators are a little weird in their
+        //   implementation, but the idea is that the compiler, at the last
+        //   minute, defines an allocator with an injected object file. The
+        //   `alloc` crate references these symbols (`__rust_alloc`) and the
+        //   definition doesn't get hooked up until a linked crate artifact is
+        //   generated.
+        //
+        //   The symbols synthesized by the compiler (`__rust_alloc`) are thin
+        //   veneers around the actual implementation, some other symbol which
+        //   implements the same ABI. These symbols (things like `__rg_alloc`,
+        //   `__rdl_alloc`, `__rde_alloc`, etc), are all tagged with "std
+        //   internal symbols".
+        //
+        //   The std-internal symbols here **should not show up in a dll as an
+        //   exported interface**, so they return `false` from
+        //   `is_reachable_non_generic` above and we'll give them `Hidden`
+        //   visibility below. Like the weak lang items, though, we can't let
+        //   LLVM internalize them as this decision is left up to the linker to
+        //   omit them, so prevent them from being internalized.
+        let attrs = tcx.codegen_fn_attrs(def_id);
+        if attrs.flags.contains(CodegenFnAttrFlags::RUSTC_STD_INTERNAL_SYMBOL) {
+            *can_be_internalized = false;
+        }
+
+        Visibility::Hidden
+    }
+}
+
+fn default_visibility(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, id: DefId, is_generic: bool) -> Visibility {
+    if !tcx.sess.target.default_hidden_visibility {
+        return Visibility::Default;
+    }
+
+    // Generic functions never have export-level C.
+    if is_generic {
+        return Visibility::Hidden;
+    }
+
+    // Things with export level C don't get instantiated in
+    // downstream crates.
+    if !id.is_local() {
+        return Visibility::Hidden;
+    }
+
+    // C-export level items remain at `Default`, all other internal
+    // items become `Hidden`.
+    match tcx.reachable_non_generics(id.krate).get(&id) {
+        Some(SymbolExportInfo { level: SymbolExportLevel::C, .. }) => Visibility::Default,
+        _ => Visibility::Hidden,
+    }
+}
+fn debug_dump<'a, 'tcx: 'a>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, label: &str, cgus: &[CodegenUnit<'tcx>]) {
+    let dump = move || {
+        use std::fmt::Write;
+
+        let num_cgus = cgus.len();
+        let max = cgus.iter().map(|cgu| cgu.size_estimate()).max().unwrap();
+        let min = cgus.iter().map(|cgu| cgu.size_estimate()).min().unwrap();
+        let ratio = max as f64 / min as f64;
+
+        let s = &mut String::new();
+        let _ = writeln!(
+            s,
+            "{label} ({num_cgus} CodegenUnits, max={max}, min={min}, max/min={ratio:.1}):"
+        );
+        for cgu in cgus {
+            let _ =
+                writeln!(s, "CodegenUnit {} estimated size {}:", cgu.name(), cgu.size_estimate());
+
+            for (mono_item, linkage) in cgu.items() {
+                let symbol_name = mono_item.symbol_name(tcx).name;
+                let symbol_hash_start = symbol_name.rfind('h');
+                let symbol_hash = symbol_hash_start.map_or("<no hash>", |i| &symbol_name[i..]);
+
+                let _ = with_no_trimmed_paths!(writeln!(
+                    s,
+                    " - {} [{:?}] [{}] estimated size {}",
+                    mono_item,
+                    linkage,
+                    symbol_hash,
+                    mono_item.size_estimate(tcx)
+                ));
+            }
+
+            let _ = writeln!(s);
+        }
+
+        std::mem::take(s)
+    };
+
+    debug!("{}", dump());
+}
+
+#[inline(never)] // give this a place in the profiler
+fn assert_symbols_are_distinct<'a, 'tcx, I>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, mono_items: I)
+where
+    I: Iterator<Item = &'a MonoItem<'tcx>>,
+    'tcx: 'a,
+{
+    let _prof_timer = tcx.prof.generic_activity("assert_symbols_are_distinct");
+
+    let mut symbols: Vec<_> =
+        mono_items.map(|mono_item| (mono_item, mono_item.symbol_name(tcx))).collect();
+
+    symbols.sort_by_key(|sym| sym.1);
+
+    for &[(mono_item1, ref sym1), (mono_item2, ref sym2)] in symbols.array_windows() {
+        if sym1 == sym2 {
+            let span1 = mono_item1.local_span(tcx);
+            let span2 = mono_item2.local_span(tcx);
+
+            // Deterministically select one of the spans for error reporting
+            let span = match (span1, span2) {
+                (Some(span1), Some(span2)) => {
+                    Some(if span1.lo().0 > span2.lo().0 { span1 } else { span2 })
+                }
+                (span1, span2) => span1.or(span2),
+            };
+
+            tcx.sess.emit_fatal(SymbolAlreadyDefined { span, symbol: sym1.to_string() });
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn collect_and_partition_mono_items(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, (): ()) -> (&DefIdSet, &[CodegenUnit<'_>]) {
+    let collection_mode = match tcx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.print_mono_items {
+        Some(ref s) => {
+            let mode = s.to_lowercase();
+            let mode = mode.trim();
+            if mode == "eager" {
+                MonoItemCollectionMode::Eager
+            } else {
+                if mode != "lazy" {
+                    tcx.sess.emit_warning(UnknownCguCollectionMode { mode });
+                }
+
+                MonoItemCollectionMode::Lazy
+            }
+        }
+        None => {
+            if tcx.sess.link_dead_code() {
+                MonoItemCollectionMode::Eager
+            } else {
+                MonoItemCollectionMode::Lazy
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    let (items, inlining_map) = collector::collect_crate_mono_items(tcx, collection_mode);
+
+    tcx.sess.abort_if_errors();
+
+    let (codegen_units, _) = tcx.sess.time("partition_and_assert_distinct_symbols", || {
+        sync::join(
+            || {
+                let mut codegen_units = partition(
+                    tcx,
+                    &mut items.iter().copied(),
+                    tcx.sess.codegen_units(),
+                    &inlining_map,
+                );
+                codegen_units[0].make_primary();
+                &*tcx.arena.alloc_from_iter(codegen_units)
+            },
+            || assert_symbols_are_distinct(tcx, items.iter()),
+        )
+    });
+
+    if tcx.prof.enabled() {
+        // Record CGU size estimates for self-profiling.
+        for cgu in codegen_units {
+            tcx.prof.artifact_size(
+                "codegen_unit_size_estimate",
+                cgu.name().as_str(),
+                cgu.size_estimate() as u64,
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    let mono_items: DefIdSet = items
+        .iter()
+        .filter_map(|mono_item| match *mono_item {
+            MonoItem::Fn(ref instance) => Some(instance.def_id()),
+            MonoItem::Static(def_id) => Some(def_id),
+            _ => None,
+        })
+        .collect();
+
+    // Output monomorphization stats per def_id
+    if let SwitchWithOptPath::Enabled(ref path) = tcx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.dump_mono_stats {
+        if let Err(err) =
+            dump_mono_items_stats(tcx, &codegen_units, path, tcx.crate_name(LOCAL_CRATE))
+        {
+            tcx.sess.emit_fatal(CouldntDumpMonoStats { error: err.to_string() });
+        }
+    }
+
+    if tcx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.print_mono_items.is_some() {
+        let mut item_to_cgus: FxHashMap<_, Vec<_>> = Default::default();
+
+        for cgu in codegen_units {
+            for (&mono_item, &linkage) in cgu.items() {
+                item_to_cgus.entry(mono_item).or_default().push((cgu.name(), linkage));
+            }
+        }
+
+        let mut item_keys: Vec<_> = items
+            .iter()
+            .map(|i| {
+                let mut output = with_no_trimmed_paths!(i.to_string());
+                output.push_str(" @@");
+                let mut empty = Vec::new();
+                let cgus = item_to_cgus.get_mut(i).unwrap_or(&mut empty);
+                cgus.sort_by_key(|(name, _)| *name);
+                cgus.dedup();
+                for &(ref cgu_name, (linkage, _)) in cgus.iter() {
+                    output.push(' ');
+                    output.push_str(cgu_name.as_str());
+
+                    let linkage_abbrev = match linkage {
+                        Linkage::External => "External",
+                        Linkage::AvailableExternally => "Available",
+                        Linkage::LinkOnceAny => "OnceAny",
+                        Linkage::LinkOnceODR => "OnceODR",
+                        Linkage::WeakAny => "WeakAny",
+                        Linkage::WeakODR => "WeakODR",
+                        Linkage::Appending => "Appending",
+                        Linkage::Internal => "Internal",
+                        Linkage::Private => "Private",
+                        Linkage::ExternalWeak => "ExternalWeak",
+                        Linkage::Common => "Common",
+                    };
+
+                    output.push('[');
+                    output.push_str(linkage_abbrev);
+                    output.push(']');
+                }
+                output
+            })
+            .collect();
+
+        item_keys.sort();
+
+        for item in item_keys {
+            println!("MONO_ITEM {item}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    (tcx.arena.alloc(mono_items), codegen_units)
+}
+
+/// Outputs stats about instantiation counts and estimated size, per `MonoItem`'s
+/// def, to a file in the given output directory.
+fn dump_mono_items_stats<'tcx>(
+    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+    codegen_units: &[CodegenUnit<'tcx>],
+    output_directory: &Option<PathBuf>,
+    crate_name: Symbol,
+) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    let output_directory = if let Some(ref directory) = output_directory {
+        fs::create_dir_all(directory)?;
+        directory
+    } else {
+        Path::new(".")
+    };
+
+    let format = tcx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.dump_mono_stats_format;
+    let ext = format.extension();
+    let filename = format!("{crate_name}.mono_items.{ext}");
+    let output_path = output_directory.join(&filename);
+    let file = File::create(&output_path)?;
+    let mut file = BufWriter::new(file);
+
+    // Gather instantiated mono items grouped by def_id
+    let mut items_per_def_id: FxHashMap<_, Vec<_>> = Default::default();
+    for cgu in codegen_units {
+        for (&mono_item, _) in cgu.items() {
+            // Avoid variable-sized compiler-generated shims
+            if mono_item.is_user_defined() {
+                items_per_def_id.entry(mono_item.def_id()).or_default().push(mono_item);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[derive(serde::Serialize)]
+    struct MonoItem {
+        name: String,
+        instantiation_count: usize,
+        size_estimate: usize,
+        total_estimate: usize,
+    }
+
+    // Output stats sorted by total instantiated size, from heaviest to lightest
+    let mut stats: Vec<_> = items_per_def_id
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|(def_id, items)| {
+            let name = with_no_trimmed_paths!(tcx.def_path_str(def_id));
+            let instantiation_count = items.len();
+            let size_estimate = items[0].size_estimate(tcx);
+            let total_estimate = instantiation_count * size_estimate;
+            MonoItem { name, instantiation_count, size_estimate, total_estimate }
+        })
+        .collect();
+    stats.sort_unstable_by_key(|item| cmp::Reverse(item.total_estimate));
+
+    if !stats.is_empty() {
+        match format {
+            DumpMonoStatsFormat::Json => serde_json::to_writer(file, &stats)?,
+            DumpMonoStatsFormat::Markdown => {
+                writeln!(
+                    file,
+                    "| Item | Instantiation count | Estimated Cost Per Instantiation | Total Estimated Cost |"
+                )?;
+                writeln!(file, "| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: |")?;
+
+                for MonoItem { name, instantiation_count, size_estimate, total_estimate } in stats {
+                    writeln!(
+                        file,
+                        "| `{name}` | {instantiation_count} | {size_estimate} | {total_estimate} |"
+                    )?;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn codegened_and_inlined_items(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, (): ()) -> &DefIdSet {
+    let (items, cgus) = tcx.collect_and_partition_mono_items(());
+    let mut visited = DefIdSet::default();
+    let mut result = items.clone();
+
+    for cgu in cgus {
+        for (item, _) in cgu.items() {
+            if let MonoItem::Fn(ref instance) = item {
+                let did = instance.def_id();
+                if !visited.insert(did) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                let body = tcx.instance_mir(instance.def);
+                for block in body.basic_blocks.iter() {
+                    for statement in &block.statements {
+                        let mir::StatementKind::Coverage(_) = statement.kind else { continue };
+                        let scope = statement.source_info.scope;
+                        if let Some(inlined) = scope.inlined_instance(&body.source_scopes) {
+                            result.insert(inlined.def_id());
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    tcx.arena.alloc(result)
+}
+
+pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
+    providers.collect_and_partition_mono_items = collect_and_partition_mono_items;
+    providers.codegened_and_inlined_items = codegened_and_inlined_items;
+
+    providers.is_codegened_item = |tcx, def_id| {
+        let (all_mono_items, _) = tcx.collect_and_partition_mono_items(());
+        all_mono_items.contains(&def_id)
+    };
+
+    providers.codegen_unit = |tcx, name| {
+        let (_, all) = tcx.collect_and_partition_mono_items(());
+        all.iter()
+            .find(|cgu| cgu.name() == name)
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("failed to find cgu with name {name:?}"))
+    };
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_monomorphize/src/partitioning/default.rs b/compiler/rustc_monomorphize/src/partitioning/default.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 37b7f6bf8a8..00000000000
--- a/compiler/rustc_monomorphize/src/partitioning/default.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,568 +0,0 @@
-use std::collections::hash_map::Entry;
-
-use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
-use rustc_hir::def::DefKind;
-use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefId, LOCAL_CRATE};
-use rustc_hir::definitions::DefPathDataName;
-use rustc_middle::middle::codegen_fn_attrs::CodegenFnAttrFlags;
-use rustc_middle::middle::exported_symbols::{SymbolExportInfo, SymbolExportLevel};
-use rustc_middle::mir::mono::{CodegenUnit, CodegenUnitNameBuilder, Linkage, Visibility};
-use rustc_middle::mir::mono::{InstantiationMode, MonoItem};
-use rustc_middle::ty::print::characteristic_def_id_of_type;
-use rustc_middle::ty::{self, visit::TypeVisitableExt, InstanceDef, TyCtxt};
-use rustc_span::symbol::Symbol;
-
-use super::PartitioningCx;
-use crate::collector::InliningMap;
-use crate::partitioning::merging;
-use crate::partitioning::{
-    MonoItemPlacement, Partition, PostInliningPartitioning, PreInliningPartitioning,
-};
-
-pub struct DefaultPartitioning;
-
-impl<'tcx> Partition<'tcx> for DefaultPartitioning {
-    fn place_root_mono_items<I>(
-        &mut self,
-        cx: &PartitioningCx<'_, 'tcx>,
-        mono_items: &mut I,
-    ) -> PreInliningPartitioning<'tcx>
-    where
-        I: Iterator<Item = MonoItem<'tcx>>,
-    {
-        let mut roots = FxHashSet::default();
-        let mut codegen_units = FxHashMap::default();
-        let is_incremental_build = cx.tcx.sess.opts.incremental.is_some();
-        let mut internalization_candidates = FxHashSet::default();
-
-        // Determine if monomorphizations instantiated in this crate will be made
-        // available to downstream crates. This depends on whether we are in
-        // share-generics mode and whether the current crate can even have
-        // downstream crates.
-        let export_generics =
-            cx.tcx.sess.opts.share_generics() && cx.tcx.local_crate_exports_generics();
-
-        let cgu_name_builder = &mut CodegenUnitNameBuilder::new(cx.tcx);
-        let cgu_name_cache = &mut FxHashMap::default();
-
-        for mono_item in mono_items {
-            match mono_item.instantiation_mode(cx.tcx) {
-                InstantiationMode::GloballyShared { .. } => {}
-                InstantiationMode::LocalCopy => continue,
-            }
-
-            let characteristic_def_id = characteristic_def_id_of_mono_item(cx.tcx, mono_item);
-            let is_volatile = is_incremental_build && mono_item.is_generic_fn();
-
-            let codegen_unit_name = match characteristic_def_id {
-                Some(def_id) => compute_codegen_unit_name(
-                    cx.tcx,
-                    cgu_name_builder,
-                    def_id,
-                    is_volatile,
-                    cgu_name_cache,
-                ),
-                None => fallback_cgu_name(cgu_name_builder),
-            };
-
-            let codegen_unit = codegen_units
-                .entry(codegen_unit_name)
-                .or_insert_with(|| CodegenUnit::new(codegen_unit_name));
-
-            let mut can_be_internalized = true;
-            let (linkage, visibility) = mono_item_linkage_and_visibility(
-                cx.tcx,
-                &mono_item,
-                &mut can_be_internalized,
-                export_generics,
-            );
-            if visibility == Visibility::Hidden && can_be_internalized {
-                internalization_candidates.insert(mono_item);
-            }
-
-            codegen_unit.items_mut().insert(mono_item, (linkage, visibility));
-            roots.insert(mono_item);
-        }
-
-        // Always ensure we have at least one CGU; otherwise, if we have a
-        // crate with just types (for example), we could wind up with no CGU.
-        if codegen_units.is_empty() {
-            let codegen_unit_name = fallback_cgu_name(cgu_name_builder);
-            codegen_units.insert(codegen_unit_name, CodegenUnit::new(codegen_unit_name));
-        }
-
-        PreInliningPartitioning {
-            codegen_units: codegen_units.into_values().collect(),
-            roots,
-            internalization_candidates,
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn merge_codegen_units(
-        &mut self,
-        cx: &PartitioningCx<'_, 'tcx>,
-        initial_partitioning: &mut PreInliningPartitioning<'tcx>,
-    ) {
-        merging::merge_codegen_units(cx, initial_partitioning);
-    }
-
-    fn place_inlined_mono_items(
-        &mut self,
-        cx: &PartitioningCx<'_, 'tcx>,
-        initial_partitioning: PreInliningPartitioning<'tcx>,
-    ) -> PostInliningPartitioning<'tcx> {
-        let mut new_partitioning = Vec::new();
-        let mut mono_item_placements = FxHashMap::default();
-
-        let PreInliningPartitioning {
-            codegen_units: initial_cgus,
-            roots,
-            internalization_candidates,
-        } = initial_partitioning;
-
-        let single_codegen_unit = initial_cgus.len() == 1;
-
-        for old_codegen_unit in initial_cgus {
-            // Collect all items that need to be available in this codegen unit.
-            let mut reachable = FxHashSet::default();
-            for root in old_codegen_unit.items().keys() {
-                follow_inlining(*root, cx.inlining_map, &mut reachable);
-            }
-
-            let mut new_codegen_unit = CodegenUnit::new(old_codegen_unit.name());
-
-            // Add all monomorphizations that are not already there.
-            for mono_item in reachable {
-                if let Some(linkage) = old_codegen_unit.items().get(&mono_item) {
-                    // This is a root, just copy it over.
-                    new_codegen_unit.items_mut().insert(mono_item, *linkage);
-                } else {
-                    if roots.contains(&mono_item) {
-                        bug!(
-                            "GloballyShared mono-item inlined into other CGU: \
-                              {:?}",
-                            mono_item
-                        );
-                    }
-
-                    // This is a CGU-private copy.
-                    new_codegen_unit
-                        .items_mut()
-                        .insert(mono_item, (Linkage::Internal, Visibility::Default));
-                }
-
-                if !single_codegen_unit {
-                    // If there is more than one codegen unit, we need to keep track
-                    // in which codegen units each monomorphization is placed.
-                    match mono_item_placements.entry(mono_item) {
-                        Entry::Occupied(e) => {
-                            let placement = e.into_mut();
-                            debug_assert!(match *placement {
-                                MonoItemPlacement::SingleCgu { cgu_name } => {
-                                    cgu_name != new_codegen_unit.name()
-                                }
-                                MonoItemPlacement::MultipleCgus => true,
-                            });
-                            *placement = MonoItemPlacement::MultipleCgus;
-                        }
-                        Entry::Vacant(e) => {
-                            e.insert(MonoItemPlacement::SingleCgu {
-                                cgu_name: new_codegen_unit.name(),
-                            });
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            new_partitioning.push(new_codegen_unit);
-        }
-
-        return PostInliningPartitioning {
-            codegen_units: new_partitioning,
-            mono_item_placements,
-            internalization_candidates,
-        };
-
-        fn follow_inlining<'tcx>(
-            mono_item: MonoItem<'tcx>,
-            inlining_map: &InliningMap<'tcx>,
-            visited: &mut FxHashSet<MonoItem<'tcx>>,
-        ) {
-            if !visited.insert(mono_item) {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            inlining_map.with_inlining_candidates(mono_item, |target| {
-                follow_inlining(target, inlining_map, visited);
-            });
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn internalize_symbols(
-        &mut self,
-        cx: &PartitioningCx<'_, 'tcx>,
-        partitioning: &mut PostInliningPartitioning<'tcx>,
-    ) {
-        if partitioning.codegen_units.len() == 1 {
-            // Fast path for when there is only one codegen unit. In this case we
-            // can internalize all candidates, since there is nowhere else they
-            // could be accessed from.
-            for cgu in &mut partitioning.codegen_units {
-                for candidate in &partitioning.internalization_candidates {
-                    cgu.items_mut().insert(*candidate, (Linkage::Internal, Visibility::Default));
-                }
-            }
-
-            return;
-        }
-
-        // Build a map from every monomorphization to all the monomorphizations that
-        // reference it.
-        let mut accessor_map: FxHashMap<MonoItem<'tcx>, Vec<MonoItem<'tcx>>> = Default::default();
-        cx.inlining_map.iter_accesses(|accessor, accessees| {
-            for accessee in accessees {
-                accessor_map.entry(*accessee).or_default().push(accessor);
-            }
-        });
-
-        let mono_item_placements = &partitioning.mono_item_placements;
-
-        // For each internalization candidates in each codegen unit, check if it is
-        // accessed from outside its defining codegen unit.
-        for cgu in &mut partitioning.codegen_units {
-            let home_cgu = MonoItemPlacement::SingleCgu { cgu_name: cgu.name() };
-
-            for (accessee, linkage_and_visibility) in cgu.items_mut() {
-                if !partitioning.internalization_candidates.contains(accessee) {
-                    // This item is no candidate for internalizing, so skip it.
-                    continue;
-                }
-                debug_assert_eq!(mono_item_placements[accessee], home_cgu);
-
-                if let Some(accessors) = accessor_map.get(accessee) {
-                    if accessors
-                        .iter()
-                        .filter_map(|accessor| {
-                            // Some accessors might not have been
-                            // instantiated. We can safely ignore those.
-                            mono_item_placements.get(accessor)
-                        })
-                        .any(|placement| *placement != home_cgu)
-                    {
-                        // Found an accessor from another CGU, so skip to the next
-                        // item without marking this one as internal.
-                        continue;
-                    }
-                }
-
-                // If we got here, we did not find any accesses from other CGUs,
-                // so it's fine to make this monomorphization internal.
-                *linkage_and_visibility = (Linkage::Internal, Visibility::Default);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-fn characteristic_def_id_of_mono_item<'tcx>(
-    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-    mono_item: MonoItem<'tcx>,
-) -> Option<DefId> {
-    match mono_item {
-        MonoItem::Fn(instance) => {
-            let def_id = match instance.def {
-                ty::InstanceDef::Item(def) => def,
-                ty::InstanceDef::VTableShim(..)
-                | ty::InstanceDef::ReifyShim(..)
-                | ty::InstanceDef::FnPtrShim(..)
-                | ty::InstanceDef::ClosureOnceShim { .. }
-                | ty::InstanceDef::Intrinsic(..)
-                | ty::InstanceDef::DropGlue(..)
-                | ty::InstanceDef::Virtual(..)
-                | ty::InstanceDef::CloneShim(..)
-                | ty::InstanceDef::ThreadLocalShim(..)
-                | ty::InstanceDef::FnPtrAddrShim(..) => return None,
-            };
-
-            // If this is a method, we want to put it into the same module as
-            // its self-type. If the self-type does not provide a characteristic
-            // DefId, we use the location of the impl after all.
-
-            if tcx.trait_of_item(def_id).is_some() {
-                let self_ty = instance.substs.type_at(0);
-                // This is a default implementation of a trait method.
-                return characteristic_def_id_of_type(self_ty).or(Some(def_id));
-            }
-
-            if let Some(impl_def_id) = tcx.impl_of_method(def_id) {
-                if tcx.sess.opts.incremental.is_some()
-                    && tcx.trait_id_of_impl(impl_def_id) == tcx.lang_items().drop_trait()
-                {
-                    // Put `Drop::drop` into the same cgu as `drop_in_place`
-                    // since `drop_in_place` is the only thing that can
-                    // call it.
-                    return None;
-                }
-
-                // When polymorphization is enabled, methods which do not depend on their generic
-                // parameters, but the self-type of their impl block do will fail to normalize.
-                if !tcx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.polymorphize || !instance.has_param() {
-                    // This is a method within an impl, find out what the self-type is:
-                    let impl_self_ty = tcx.subst_and_normalize_erasing_regions(
-                        instance.substs,
-                        ty::ParamEnv::reveal_all(),
-                        tcx.type_of(impl_def_id),
-                    );
-                    if let Some(def_id) = characteristic_def_id_of_type(impl_self_ty) {
-                        return Some(def_id);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            Some(def_id)
-        }
-        MonoItem::Static(def_id) => Some(def_id),
-        MonoItem::GlobalAsm(item_id) => Some(item_id.owner_id.to_def_id()),
-    }
-}
-
-fn compute_codegen_unit_name(
-    tcx: TyCtxt<'_>,
-    name_builder: &mut CodegenUnitNameBuilder<'_>,
-    def_id: DefId,
-    volatile: bool,
-    cache: &mut CguNameCache,
-) -> Symbol {
-    // Find the innermost module that is not nested within a function.
-    let mut current_def_id = def_id;
-    let mut cgu_def_id = None;
-    // Walk backwards from the item we want to find the module for.
-    loop {
-        if current_def_id.is_crate_root() {
-            if cgu_def_id.is_none() {
-                // If we have not found a module yet, take the crate root.
-                cgu_def_id = Some(def_id.krate.as_def_id());
-            }
-            break;
-        } else if tcx.def_kind(current_def_id) == DefKind::Mod {
-            if cgu_def_id.is_none() {
-                cgu_def_id = Some(current_def_id);
-            }
-        } else {
-            // If we encounter something that is not a module, throw away
-            // any module that we've found so far because we now know that
-            // it is nested within something else.
-            cgu_def_id = None;
-        }
-
-        current_def_id = tcx.parent(current_def_id);
-    }
-
-    let cgu_def_id = cgu_def_id.unwrap();
-
-    *cache.entry((cgu_def_id, volatile)).or_insert_with(|| {
-        let def_path = tcx.def_path(cgu_def_id);
-
-        let components = def_path.data.iter().map(|part| match part.data.name() {
-            DefPathDataName::Named(name) => name,
-            DefPathDataName::Anon { .. } => unreachable!(),
-        });
-
-        let volatile_suffix = volatile.then_some("volatile");
-
-        name_builder.build_cgu_name(def_path.krate, components, volatile_suffix)
-    })
-}
-
-// Anything we can't find a proper codegen unit for goes into this.
-fn fallback_cgu_name(name_builder: &mut CodegenUnitNameBuilder<'_>) -> Symbol {
-    name_builder.build_cgu_name(LOCAL_CRATE, &["fallback"], Some("cgu"))
-}
-
-fn mono_item_linkage_and_visibility<'tcx>(
-    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-    mono_item: &MonoItem<'tcx>,
-    can_be_internalized: &mut bool,
-    export_generics: bool,
-) -> (Linkage, Visibility) {
-    if let Some(explicit_linkage) = mono_item.explicit_linkage(tcx) {
-        return (explicit_linkage, Visibility::Default);
-    }
-    let vis = mono_item_visibility(tcx, mono_item, can_be_internalized, export_generics);
-    (Linkage::External, vis)
-}
-
-type CguNameCache = FxHashMap<(DefId, bool), Symbol>;
-
-fn static_visibility<'tcx>(
-    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-    can_be_internalized: &mut bool,
-    def_id: DefId,
-) -> Visibility {
-    if tcx.is_reachable_non_generic(def_id) {
-        *can_be_internalized = false;
-        default_visibility(tcx, def_id, false)
-    } else {
-        Visibility::Hidden
-    }
-}
-
-fn mono_item_visibility<'tcx>(
-    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-    mono_item: &MonoItem<'tcx>,
-    can_be_internalized: &mut bool,
-    export_generics: bool,
-) -> Visibility {
-    let instance = match mono_item {
-        // This is pretty complicated; see below.
-        MonoItem::Fn(instance) => instance,
-
-        // Misc handling for generics and such, but otherwise:
-        MonoItem::Static(def_id) => return static_visibility(tcx, can_be_internalized, *def_id),
-        MonoItem::GlobalAsm(item_id) => {
-            return static_visibility(tcx, can_be_internalized, item_id.owner_id.to_def_id());
-        }
-    };
-
-    let def_id = match instance.def {
-        InstanceDef::Item(def_id) | InstanceDef::DropGlue(def_id, Some(_)) => def_id,
-
-        // We match the visibility of statics here
-        InstanceDef::ThreadLocalShim(def_id) => {
-            return static_visibility(tcx, can_be_internalized, def_id);
-        }
-
-        // These are all compiler glue and such, never exported, always hidden.
-        InstanceDef::VTableShim(..)
-        | InstanceDef::ReifyShim(..)
-        | InstanceDef::FnPtrShim(..)
-        | InstanceDef::Virtual(..)
-        | InstanceDef::Intrinsic(..)
-        | InstanceDef::ClosureOnceShim { .. }
-        | InstanceDef::DropGlue(..)
-        | InstanceDef::CloneShim(..)
-        | InstanceDef::FnPtrAddrShim(..) => return Visibility::Hidden,
-    };
-
-    // The `start_fn` lang item is actually a monomorphized instance of a
-    // function in the standard library, used for the `main` function. We don't
-    // want to export it so we tag it with `Hidden` visibility but this symbol
-    // is only referenced from the actual `main` symbol which we unfortunately
-    // don't know anything about during partitioning/collection. As a result we
-    // forcibly keep this symbol out of the `internalization_candidates` set.
-    //
-    // FIXME: eventually we don't want to always force this symbol to have
-    //        hidden visibility, it should indeed be a candidate for
-    //        internalization, but we have to understand that it's referenced
-    //        from the `main` symbol we'll generate later.
-    //
-    //        This may be fixable with a new `InstanceDef` perhaps? Unsure!
-    if tcx.lang_items().start_fn() == Some(def_id) {
-        *can_be_internalized = false;
-        return Visibility::Hidden;
-    }
-
-    let is_generic = instance.substs.non_erasable_generics().next().is_some();
-
-    // Upstream `DefId` instances get different handling than local ones.
-    let Some(def_id) = def_id.as_local() else {
-        return if export_generics && is_generic {
-            // If it is an upstream monomorphization and we export generics, we must make
-            // it available to downstream crates.
-            *can_be_internalized = false;
-            default_visibility(tcx, def_id, true)
-        } else {
-            Visibility::Hidden
-        };
-    };
-
-    if is_generic {
-        if export_generics {
-            if tcx.is_unreachable_local_definition(def_id) {
-                // This instance cannot be used from another crate.
-                Visibility::Hidden
-            } else {
-                // This instance might be useful in a downstream crate.
-                *can_be_internalized = false;
-                default_visibility(tcx, def_id.to_def_id(), true)
-            }
-        } else {
-            // We are not exporting generics or the definition is not reachable
-            // for downstream crates, we can internalize its instantiations.
-            Visibility::Hidden
-        }
-    } else {
-        // If this isn't a generic function then we mark this a `Default` if
-        // this is a reachable item, meaning that it's a symbol other crates may
-        // access when they link to us.
-        if tcx.is_reachable_non_generic(def_id.to_def_id()) {
-            *can_be_internalized = false;
-            debug_assert!(!is_generic);
-            return default_visibility(tcx, def_id.to_def_id(), false);
-        }
-
-        // If this isn't reachable then we're gonna tag this with `Hidden`
-        // visibility. In some situations though we'll want to prevent this
-        // symbol from being internalized.
-        //
-        // There's two categories of items here:
-        //
-        // * First is weak lang items. These are basically mechanisms for
-        //   libcore to forward-reference symbols defined later in crates like
-        //   the standard library or `#[panic_handler]` definitions. The
-        //   definition of these weak lang items needs to be referencable by
-        //   libcore, so we're no longer a candidate for internalization.
-        //   Removal of these functions can't be done by LLVM but rather must be
-        //   done by the linker as it's a non-local decision.
-        //
-        // * Second is "std internal symbols". Currently this is primarily used
-        //   for allocator symbols. Allocators are a little weird in their
-        //   implementation, but the idea is that the compiler, at the last
-        //   minute, defines an allocator with an injected object file. The
-        //   `alloc` crate references these symbols (`__rust_alloc`) and the
-        //   definition doesn't get hooked up until a linked crate artifact is
-        //   generated.
-        //
-        //   The symbols synthesized by the compiler (`__rust_alloc`) are thin
-        //   veneers around the actual implementation, some other symbol which
-        //   implements the same ABI. These symbols (things like `__rg_alloc`,
-        //   `__rdl_alloc`, `__rde_alloc`, etc), are all tagged with "std
-        //   internal symbols".
-        //
-        //   The std-internal symbols here **should not show up in a dll as an
-        //   exported interface**, so they return `false` from
-        //   `is_reachable_non_generic` above and we'll give them `Hidden`
-        //   visibility below. Like the weak lang items, though, we can't let
-        //   LLVM internalize them as this decision is left up to the linker to
-        //   omit them, so prevent them from being internalized.
-        let attrs = tcx.codegen_fn_attrs(def_id);
-        if attrs.flags.contains(CodegenFnAttrFlags::RUSTC_STD_INTERNAL_SYMBOL) {
-            *can_be_internalized = false;
-        }
-
-        Visibility::Hidden
-    }
-}
-
-fn default_visibility(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, id: DefId, is_generic: bool) -> Visibility {
-    if !tcx.sess.target.default_hidden_visibility {
-        return Visibility::Default;
-    }
-
-    // Generic functions never have export-level C.
-    if is_generic {
-        return Visibility::Hidden;
-    }
-
-    // Things with export level C don't get instantiated in
-    // downstream crates.
-    if !id.is_local() {
-        return Visibility::Hidden;
-    }
-
-    // C-export level items remain at `Default`, all other internal
-    // items become `Hidden`.
-    match tcx.reachable_non_generics(id.krate).get(&id) {
-        Some(SymbolExportInfo { level: SymbolExportLevel::C, .. }) => Visibility::Default,
-        _ => Visibility::Hidden,
-    }
-}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_monomorphize/src/partitioning/merging.rs b/compiler/rustc_monomorphize/src/partitioning/merging.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 5c524a18454..00000000000
--- a/compiler/rustc_monomorphize/src/partitioning/merging.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
-use std::cmp;
-
-use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashMap;
-use rustc_hir::def_id::LOCAL_CRATE;
-use rustc_middle::mir::mono::{CodegenUnit, CodegenUnitNameBuilder};
-use rustc_span::symbol::Symbol;
-
-use super::PartitioningCx;
-use crate::partitioning::PreInliningPartitioning;
-
-pub fn merge_codegen_units<'tcx>(
-    cx: &PartitioningCx<'_, 'tcx>,
-    initial_partitioning: &mut PreInliningPartitioning<'tcx>,
-) {
-    assert!(cx.target_cgu_count >= 1);
-    let codegen_units = &mut initial_partitioning.codegen_units;
-
-    // Note that at this point in time the `codegen_units` here may not be in a
-    // deterministic order (but we know they're deterministically the same set).
-    // We want this merging to produce a deterministic ordering of codegen units
-    // from the input.
-    //
-    // Due to basically how we've implemented the merging below (merge the two
-    // smallest into each other) we're sure to start off with a deterministic
-    // order (sorted by name). This'll mean that if two cgus have the same size
-    // the stable sort below will keep everything nice and deterministic.
-    codegen_units.sort_by(|a, b| a.name().as_str().cmp(b.name().as_str()));
-
-    // This map keeps track of what got merged into what.
-    let mut cgu_contents: FxHashMap<Symbol, Vec<Symbol>> =
-        codegen_units.iter().map(|cgu| (cgu.name(), vec![cgu.name()])).collect();
-
-    // Merge the two smallest codegen units until the target size is reached.
-    while codegen_units.len() > cx.target_cgu_count {
-        // Sort small cgus to the back
-        codegen_units.sort_by_cached_key(|cgu| cmp::Reverse(cgu.size_estimate()));
-        let mut smallest = codegen_units.pop().unwrap();
-        let second_smallest = codegen_units.last_mut().unwrap();
-
-        // Move the mono-items from `smallest` to `second_smallest`
-        second_smallest.modify_size_estimate(smallest.size_estimate());
-        for (k, v) in smallest.items_mut().drain() {
-            second_smallest.items_mut().insert(k, v);
-        }
-
-        // Record that `second_smallest` now contains all the stuff that was in
-        // `smallest` before.
-        let mut consumed_cgu_names = cgu_contents.remove(&smallest.name()).unwrap();
-        cgu_contents.get_mut(&second_smallest.name()).unwrap().append(&mut consumed_cgu_names);
-
-        debug!(
-            "CodegenUnit {} merged into CodegenUnit {}",
-            smallest.name(),
-            second_smallest.name()
-        );
-    }
-
-    let cgu_name_builder = &mut CodegenUnitNameBuilder::new(cx.tcx);
-
-    if cx.tcx.sess.opts.incremental.is_some() {
-        // If we are doing incremental compilation, we want CGU names to
-        // reflect the path of the source level module they correspond to.
-        // For CGUs that contain the code of multiple modules because of the
-        // merging done above, we use a concatenation of the names of
-        // all contained CGUs.
-        let new_cgu_names: FxHashMap<Symbol, String> = cgu_contents
-            .into_iter()
-            // This `filter` makes sure we only update the name of CGUs that
-            // were actually modified by merging.
-            .filter(|(_, cgu_contents)| cgu_contents.len() > 1)
-            .map(|(current_cgu_name, cgu_contents)| {
-                let mut cgu_contents: Vec<&str> = cgu_contents.iter().map(|s| s.as_str()).collect();
-
-                // Sort the names, so things are deterministic and easy to
-                // predict.
-
-                // We are sorting primitive &strs here so we can use unstable sort
-                cgu_contents.sort_unstable();
-
-                (current_cgu_name, cgu_contents.join("--"))
-            })
-            .collect();
-
-        for cgu in codegen_units.iter_mut() {
-            if let Some(new_cgu_name) = new_cgu_names.get(&cgu.name()) {
-                if cx.tcx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.human_readable_cgu_names {
-                    cgu.set_name(Symbol::intern(&new_cgu_name));
-                } else {
-                    // If we don't require CGU names to be human-readable, we
-                    // use a fixed length hash of the composite CGU name
-                    // instead.
-                    let new_cgu_name = CodegenUnit::mangle_name(&new_cgu_name);
-                    cgu.set_name(Symbol::intern(&new_cgu_name));
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    } else {
-        // If we are compiling non-incrementally we just generate simple CGU
-        // names containing an index.
-        for (index, cgu) in codegen_units.iter_mut().enumerate() {
-            cgu.set_name(numbered_codegen_unit_name(cgu_name_builder, index));
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-fn numbered_codegen_unit_name(
-    name_builder: &mut CodegenUnitNameBuilder<'_>,
-    index: usize,
-) -> Symbol {
-    name_builder.build_cgu_name_no_mangle(LOCAL_CRATE, &["cgu"], Some(index))
-}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_monomorphize/src/partitioning/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_monomorphize/src/partitioning/mod.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 993e35c7fd2..00000000000
--- a/compiler/rustc_monomorphize/src/partitioning/mod.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,666 +0,0 @@
-//! Partitioning Codegen Units for Incremental Compilation
-//! ======================================================
-//!
-//! The task of this module is to take the complete set of monomorphizations of
-//! a crate and produce a set of codegen units from it, where a codegen unit
-//! is a named set of (mono-item, linkage) pairs. That is, this module
-//! decides which monomorphization appears in which codegen units with which
-//! linkage. The following paragraphs describe some of the background on the
-//! partitioning scheme.
-//!
-//! The most important opportunity for saving on compilation time with
-//! incremental compilation is to avoid re-codegenning and re-optimizing code.
-//! Since the unit of codegen and optimization for LLVM is "modules" or, how
-//! we call them "codegen units", the particulars of how much time can be saved
-//! by incremental compilation are tightly linked to how the output program is
-//! partitioned into these codegen units prior to passing it to LLVM --
-//! especially because we have to treat codegen units as opaque entities once
-//! they are created: There is no way for us to incrementally update an existing
-//! LLVM module and so we have to build any such module from scratch if it was
-//! affected by some change in the source code.
-//!
-//! From that point of view it would make sense to maximize the number of
-//! codegen units by, for example, putting each function into its own module.
-//! That way only those modules would have to be re-compiled that were actually
-//! affected by some change, minimizing the number of functions that could have
-//! been re-used but just happened to be located in a module that is
-//! re-compiled.
-//!
-//! However, since LLVM optimization does not work across module boundaries,
-//! using such a highly granular partitioning would lead to very slow runtime
-//! code since it would effectively prohibit inlining and other inter-procedure
-//! optimizations. We want to avoid that as much as possible.
-//!
-//! Thus we end up with a trade-off: The bigger the codegen units, the better
-//! LLVM's optimizer can do its work, but also the smaller the compilation time
-//! reduction we get from incremental compilation.
-//!
-//! Ideally, we would create a partitioning such that there are few big codegen
-//! units with few interdependencies between them. For now though, we use the
-//! following heuristic to determine the partitioning:
-//!
-//! - There are two codegen units for every source-level module:
-//! - One for "stable", that is non-generic, code
-//! - One for more "volatile" code, i.e., monomorphized instances of functions
-//!   defined in that module
-//!
-//! In order to see why this heuristic makes sense, let's take a look at when a
-//! codegen unit can get invalidated:
-//!
-//! 1. The most straightforward case is when the BODY of a function or global
-//! changes. Then any codegen unit containing the code for that item has to be
-//! re-compiled. Note that this includes all codegen units where the function
-//! has been inlined.
-//!
-//! 2. The next case is when the SIGNATURE of a function or global changes. In
-//! this case, all codegen units containing a REFERENCE to that item have to be
-//! re-compiled. This is a superset of case 1.
-//!
-//! 3. The final and most subtle case is when a REFERENCE to a generic function
-//! is added or removed somewhere. Even though the definition of the function
-//! might be unchanged, a new REFERENCE might introduce a new monomorphized
-//! instance of this function which has to be placed and compiled somewhere.
-//! Conversely, when removing a REFERENCE, it might have been the last one with
-//! that particular set of generic arguments and thus we have to remove it.
-//!
-//! From the above we see that just using one codegen unit per source-level
-//! module is not such a good idea, since just adding a REFERENCE to some
-//! generic item somewhere else would invalidate everything within the module
-//! containing the generic item. The heuristic above reduces this detrimental
-//! side-effect of references a little by at least not touching the non-generic
-//! code of the module.
-//!
-//! A Note on Inlining
-//! ------------------
-//! As briefly mentioned above, in order for LLVM to be able to inline a
-//! function call, the body of the function has to be available in the LLVM
-//! module where the call is made. This has a few consequences for partitioning:
-//!
-//! - The partitioning algorithm has to take care of placing functions into all
-//!   codegen units where they should be available for inlining. It also has to
-//!   decide on the correct linkage for these functions.
-//!
-//! - The partitioning algorithm has to know which functions are likely to get
-//!   inlined, so it can distribute function instantiations accordingly. Since
-//!   there is no way of knowing for sure which functions LLVM will decide to
-//!   inline in the end, we apply a heuristic here: Only functions marked with
-//!   `#[inline]` are considered for inlining by the partitioner. The current
-//!   implementation will not try to determine if a function is likely to be
-//!   inlined by looking at the functions definition.
-//!
-//! Note though that as a side-effect of creating a codegen units per
-//! source-level module, functions from the same module will be available for
-//! inlining, even when they are not marked `#[inline]`.
-
-mod default;
-mod merging;
-
-use std::cmp;
-use std::fs::{self, File};
-use std::io::{BufWriter, Write};
-use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
-
-use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
-use rustc_data_structures::sync;
-use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefIdSet, LOCAL_CRATE};
-use rustc_middle::mir;
-use rustc_middle::mir::mono::MonoItem;
-use rustc_middle::mir::mono::{CodegenUnit, Linkage};
-use rustc_middle::ty::print::with_no_trimmed_paths;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
-use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
-use rustc_session::config::{DumpMonoStatsFormat, SwitchWithOptPath};
-use rustc_span::symbol::Symbol;
-
-use crate::collector::InliningMap;
-use crate::collector::{self, MonoItemCollectionMode};
-use crate::errors::{
-    CouldntDumpMonoStats, SymbolAlreadyDefined, UnknownCguCollectionMode, UnknownPartitionStrategy,
-};
-
-enum Partitioner {
-    Default(default::DefaultPartitioning),
-    // Other partitioning strategies can go here.
-    Unknown,
-}
-
-impl<'tcx> Partition<'tcx> for Partitioner {
-    fn place_root_mono_items<I>(
-        &mut self,
-        cx: &PartitioningCx<'_, 'tcx>,
-        mono_items: &mut I,
-    ) -> PreInliningPartitioning<'tcx>
-    where
-        I: Iterator<Item = MonoItem<'tcx>>,
-    {
-        match self {
-            Partitioner::Default(partitioner) => partitioner.place_root_mono_items(cx, mono_items),
-            Partitioner::Unknown => cx.tcx.sess.emit_fatal(UnknownPartitionStrategy),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn merge_codegen_units(
-        &mut self,
-        cx: &PartitioningCx<'_, 'tcx>,
-        initial_partitioning: &mut PreInliningPartitioning<'tcx>,
-    ) {
-        match self {
-            Partitioner::Default(partitioner) => {
-                partitioner.merge_codegen_units(cx, initial_partitioning)
-            }
-            Partitioner::Unknown => cx.tcx.sess.emit_fatal(UnknownPartitionStrategy),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn place_inlined_mono_items(
-        &mut self,
-        cx: &PartitioningCx<'_, 'tcx>,
-        initial_partitioning: PreInliningPartitioning<'tcx>,
-    ) -> PostInliningPartitioning<'tcx> {
-        match self {
-            Partitioner::Default(partitioner) => {
-                partitioner.place_inlined_mono_items(cx, initial_partitioning)
-            }
-            Partitioner::Unknown => cx.tcx.sess.emit_fatal(UnknownPartitionStrategy),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn internalize_symbols(
-        &mut self,
-        cx: &PartitioningCx<'_, 'tcx>,
-        post_inlining_partitioning: &mut PostInliningPartitioning<'tcx>,
-    ) {
-        match self {
-            Partitioner::Default(partitioner) => {
-                partitioner.internalize_symbols(cx, post_inlining_partitioning)
-            }
-            Partitioner::Unknown => cx.tcx.sess.emit_fatal(UnknownPartitionStrategy),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct PartitioningCx<'a, 'tcx> {
-    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-    target_cgu_count: usize,
-    inlining_map: &'a InliningMap<'tcx>,
-}
-
-trait Partition<'tcx> {
-    fn place_root_mono_items<I>(
-        &mut self,
-        cx: &PartitioningCx<'_, 'tcx>,
-        mono_items: &mut I,
-    ) -> PreInliningPartitioning<'tcx>
-    where
-        I: Iterator<Item = MonoItem<'tcx>>;
-
-    fn merge_codegen_units(
-        &mut self,
-        cx: &PartitioningCx<'_, 'tcx>,
-        initial_partitioning: &mut PreInliningPartitioning<'tcx>,
-    );
-
-    fn place_inlined_mono_items(
-        &mut self,
-        cx: &PartitioningCx<'_, 'tcx>,
-        initial_partitioning: PreInliningPartitioning<'tcx>,
-    ) -> PostInliningPartitioning<'tcx>;
-
-    fn internalize_symbols(
-        &mut self,
-        cx: &PartitioningCx<'_, 'tcx>,
-        partitioning: &mut PostInliningPartitioning<'tcx>,
-    );
-}
-
-fn get_partitioner(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>) -> Partitioner {
-    let strategy = match &tcx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.cgu_partitioning_strategy {
-        None => "default",
-        Some(s) => &s[..],
-    };
-
-    match strategy {
-        "default" => Partitioner::Default(default::DefaultPartitioning),
-        _ => Partitioner::Unknown,
-    }
-}
-
-pub fn partition<'tcx, I>(
-    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-    mono_items: &mut I,
-    max_cgu_count: usize,
-    inlining_map: &InliningMap<'tcx>,
-) -> Vec<CodegenUnit<'tcx>>
-where
-    I: Iterator<Item = MonoItem<'tcx>>,
-{
-    let _prof_timer = tcx.prof.generic_activity("cgu_partitioning");
-
-    let mut partitioner = get_partitioner(tcx);
-    let cx = &PartitioningCx { tcx, target_cgu_count: max_cgu_count, inlining_map };
-    // In the first step, we place all regular monomorphizations into their
-    // respective 'home' codegen unit. Regular monomorphizations are all
-    // functions and statics defined in the local crate.
-    let mut initial_partitioning = {
-        let _prof_timer = tcx.prof.generic_activity("cgu_partitioning_place_roots");
-        partitioner.place_root_mono_items(cx, mono_items)
-    };
-
-    for cgu in &mut initial_partitioning.codegen_units {
-        cgu.create_size_estimate(tcx);
-    }
-
-    debug_dump(tcx, "INITIAL PARTITIONING:", initial_partitioning.codegen_units.iter());
-
-    // Merge until we have at most `max_cgu_count` codegen units.
-    {
-        let _prof_timer = tcx.prof.generic_activity("cgu_partitioning_merge_cgus");
-        partitioner.merge_codegen_units(cx, &mut initial_partitioning);
-        debug_dump(tcx, "POST MERGING:", initial_partitioning.codegen_units.iter());
-    }
-
-    // In the next step, we use the inlining map to determine which additional
-    // monomorphizations have to go into each codegen unit. These additional
-    // monomorphizations can be drop-glue, functions from external crates, and
-    // local functions the definition of which is marked with `#[inline]`.
-    let mut post_inlining = {
-        let _prof_timer = tcx.prof.generic_activity("cgu_partitioning_place_inline_items");
-        partitioner.place_inlined_mono_items(cx, initial_partitioning)
-    };
-
-    for cgu in &mut post_inlining.codegen_units {
-        cgu.create_size_estimate(tcx);
-    }
-
-    debug_dump(tcx, "POST INLINING:", post_inlining.codegen_units.iter());
-
-    // Next we try to make as many symbols "internal" as possible, so LLVM has
-    // more freedom to optimize.
-    if !tcx.sess.link_dead_code() {
-        let _prof_timer = tcx.prof.generic_activity("cgu_partitioning_internalize_symbols");
-        partitioner.internalize_symbols(cx, &mut post_inlining);
-    }
-
-    let instrument_dead_code =
-        tcx.sess.instrument_coverage() && !tcx.sess.instrument_coverage_except_unused_functions();
-
-    if instrument_dead_code {
-        assert!(
-            post_inlining.codegen_units.len() > 0,
-            "There must be at least one CGU that code coverage data can be generated in."
-        );
-
-        // Find the smallest CGU that has exported symbols and put the dead
-        // function stubs in that CGU. We look for exported symbols to increase
-        // the likelihood the linker won't throw away the dead functions.
-        // FIXME(#92165): In order to truly resolve this, we need to make sure
-        // the object file (CGU) containing the dead function stubs is included
-        // in the final binary. This will probably require forcing these
-        // function symbols to be included via `-u` or `/include` linker args.
-        let mut cgus: Vec<_> = post_inlining.codegen_units.iter_mut().collect();
-        cgus.sort_by_key(|cgu| cgu.size_estimate());
-
-        let dead_code_cgu =
-            if let Some(cgu) = cgus.into_iter().rev().find(|cgu| {
-                cgu.items().iter().any(|(_, (linkage, _))| *linkage == Linkage::External)
-            }) {
-                cgu
-            } else {
-                // If there are no CGUs that have externally linked items,
-                // then we just pick the first CGU as a fallback.
-                &mut post_inlining.codegen_units[0]
-            };
-        dead_code_cgu.make_code_coverage_dead_code_cgu();
-    }
-
-    // Finally, sort by codegen unit name, so that we get deterministic results.
-    let PostInliningPartitioning {
-        codegen_units: mut result,
-        mono_item_placements: _,
-        internalization_candidates: _,
-    } = post_inlining;
-
-    result.sort_by(|a, b| a.name().as_str().cmp(b.name().as_str()));
-
-    result
-}
-
-pub struct PreInliningPartitioning<'tcx> {
-    codegen_units: Vec<CodegenUnit<'tcx>>,
-    roots: FxHashSet<MonoItem<'tcx>>,
-    internalization_candidates: FxHashSet<MonoItem<'tcx>>,
-}
-
-/// For symbol internalization, we need to know whether a symbol/mono-item is
-/// accessed from outside the codegen unit it is defined in. This type is used
-/// to keep track of that.
-#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
-enum MonoItemPlacement {
-    SingleCgu { cgu_name: Symbol },
-    MultipleCgus,
-}
-
-struct PostInliningPartitioning<'tcx> {
-    codegen_units: Vec<CodegenUnit<'tcx>>,
-    mono_item_placements: FxHashMap<MonoItem<'tcx>, MonoItemPlacement>,
-    internalization_candidates: FxHashSet<MonoItem<'tcx>>,
-}
-
-fn debug_dump<'a, 'tcx, I>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, label: &str, cgus: I)
-where
-    I: Iterator<Item = &'a CodegenUnit<'tcx>>,
-    'tcx: 'a,
-{
-    let dump = move || {
-        use std::fmt::Write;
-
-        let s = &mut String::new();
-        let _ = writeln!(s, "{label}");
-        for cgu in cgus {
-            let _ =
-                writeln!(s, "CodegenUnit {} estimated size {} :", cgu.name(), cgu.size_estimate());
-
-            for (mono_item, linkage) in cgu.items() {
-                let symbol_name = mono_item.symbol_name(tcx).name;
-                let symbol_hash_start = symbol_name.rfind('h');
-                let symbol_hash = symbol_hash_start.map_or("<no hash>", |i| &symbol_name[i..]);
-
-                let _ = writeln!(
-                    s,
-                    " - {} [{:?}] [{}] estimated size {}",
-                    mono_item,
-                    linkage,
-                    symbol_hash,
-                    mono_item.size_estimate(tcx)
-                );
-            }
-
-            let _ = writeln!(s);
-        }
-
-        std::mem::take(s)
-    };
-
-    debug!("{}", dump());
-}
-
-#[inline(never)] // give this a place in the profiler
-fn assert_symbols_are_distinct<'a, 'tcx, I>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, mono_items: I)
-where
-    I: Iterator<Item = &'a MonoItem<'tcx>>,
-    'tcx: 'a,
-{
-    let _prof_timer = tcx.prof.generic_activity("assert_symbols_are_distinct");
-
-    let mut symbols: Vec<_> =
-        mono_items.map(|mono_item| (mono_item, mono_item.symbol_name(tcx))).collect();
-
-    symbols.sort_by_key(|sym| sym.1);
-
-    for &[(mono_item1, ref sym1), (mono_item2, ref sym2)] in symbols.array_windows() {
-        if sym1 == sym2 {
-            let span1 = mono_item1.local_span(tcx);
-            let span2 = mono_item2.local_span(tcx);
-
-            // Deterministically select one of the spans for error reporting
-            let span = match (span1, span2) {
-                (Some(span1), Some(span2)) => {
-                    Some(if span1.lo().0 > span2.lo().0 { span1 } else { span2 })
-                }
-                (span1, span2) => span1.or(span2),
-            };
-
-            tcx.sess.emit_fatal(SymbolAlreadyDefined { span, symbol: sym1.to_string() });
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-fn collect_and_partition_mono_items(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, (): ()) -> (&DefIdSet, &[CodegenUnit<'_>]) {
-    let collection_mode = match tcx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.print_mono_items {
-        Some(ref s) => {
-            let mode = s.to_lowercase();
-            let mode = mode.trim();
-            if mode == "eager" {
-                MonoItemCollectionMode::Eager
-            } else {
-                if mode != "lazy" {
-                    tcx.sess.emit_warning(UnknownCguCollectionMode { mode });
-                }
-
-                MonoItemCollectionMode::Lazy
-            }
-        }
-        None => {
-            if tcx.sess.link_dead_code() {
-                MonoItemCollectionMode::Eager
-            } else {
-                MonoItemCollectionMode::Lazy
-            }
-        }
-    };
-
-    let (items, inlining_map) = collector::collect_crate_mono_items(tcx, collection_mode);
-
-    tcx.sess.abort_if_errors();
-
-    let (codegen_units, _) = tcx.sess.time("partition_and_assert_distinct_symbols", || {
-        sync::join(
-            || {
-                let mut codegen_units = partition(
-                    tcx,
-                    &mut items.iter().copied(),
-                    tcx.sess.codegen_units(),
-                    &inlining_map,
-                );
-                codegen_units[0].make_primary();
-                &*tcx.arena.alloc_from_iter(codegen_units)
-            },
-            || assert_symbols_are_distinct(tcx, items.iter()),
-        )
-    });
-
-    if tcx.prof.enabled() {
-        // Record CGU size estimates for self-profiling.
-        for cgu in codegen_units {
-            tcx.prof.artifact_size(
-                "codegen_unit_size_estimate",
-                cgu.name().as_str(),
-                cgu.size_estimate() as u64,
-            );
-        }
-    }
-
-    let mono_items: DefIdSet = items
-        .iter()
-        .filter_map(|mono_item| match *mono_item {
-            MonoItem::Fn(ref instance) => Some(instance.def_id()),
-            MonoItem::Static(def_id) => Some(def_id),
-            _ => None,
-        })
-        .collect();
-
-    // Output monomorphization stats per def_id
-    if let SwitchWithOptPath::Enabled(ref path) = tcx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.dump_mono_stats {
-        if let Err(err) =
-            dump_mono_items_stats(tcx, &codegen_units, path, tcx.crate_name(LOCAL_CRATE))
-        {
-            tcx.sess.emit_fatal(CouldntDumpMonoStats { error: err.to_string() });
-        }
-    }
-
-    if tcx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.print_mono_items.is_some() {
-        let mut item_to_cgus: FxHashMap<_, Vec<_>> = Default::default();
-
-        for cgu in codegen_units {
-            for (&mono_item, &linkage) in cgu.items() {
-                item_to_cgus.entry(mono_item).or_default().push((cgu.name(), linkage));
-            }
-        }
-
-        let mut item_keys: Vec<_> = items
-            .iter()
-            .map(|i| {
-                let mut output = with_no_trimmed_paths!(i.to_string());
-                output.push_str(" @@");
-                let mut empty = Vec::new();
-                let cgus = item_to_cgus.get_mut(i).unwrap_or(&mut empty);
-                cgus.sort_by_key(|(name, _)| *name);
-                cgus.dedup();
-                for &(ref cgu_name, (linkage, _)) in cgus.iter() {
-                    output.push(' ');
-                    output.push_str(cgu_name.as_str());
-
-                    let linkage_abbrev = match linkage {
-                        Linkage::External => "External",
-                        Linkage::AvailableExternally => "Available",
-                        Linkage::LinkOnceAny => "OnceAny",
-                        Linkage::LinkOnceODR => "OnceODR",
-                        Linkage::WeakAny => "WeakAny",
-                        Linkage::WeakODR => "WeakODR",
-                        Linkage::Appending => "Appending",
-                        Linkage::Internal => "Internal",
-                        Linkage::Private => "Private",
-                        Linkage::ExternalWeak => "ExternalWeak",
-                        Linkage::Common => "Common",
-                    };
-
-                    output.push('[');
-                    output.push_str(linkage_abbrev);
-                    output.push(']');
-                }
-                output
-            })
-            .collect();
-
-        item_keys.sort();
-
-        for item in item_keys {
-            println!("MONO_ITEM {item}");
-        }
-    }
-
-    (tcx.arena.alloc(mono_items), codegen_units)
-}
-
-/// Outputs stats about instantiation counts and estimated size, per `MonoItem`'s
-/// def, to a file in the given output directory.
-fn dump_mono_items_stats<'tcx>(
-    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-    codegen_units: &[CodegenUnit<'tcx>],
-    output_directory: &Option<PathBuf>,
-    crate_name: Symbol,
-) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
-    let output_directory = if let Some(ref directory) = output_directory {
-        fs::create_dir_all(directory)?;
-        directory
-    } else {
-        Path::new(".")
-    };
-
-    let format = tcx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.dump_mono_stats_format;
-    let ext = format.extension();
-    let filename = format!("{crate_name}.mono_items.{ext}");
-    let output_path = output_directory.join(&filename);
-    let file = File::create(&output_path)?;
-    let mut file = BufWriter::new(file);
-
-    // Gather instantiated mono items grouped by def_id
-    let mut items_per_def_id: FxHashMap<_, Vec<_>> = Default::default();
-    for cgu in codegen_units {
-        for (&mono_item, _) in cgu.items() {
-            // Avoid variable-sized compiler-generated shims
-            if mono_item.is_user_defined() {
-                items_per_def_id.entry(mono_item.def_id()).or_default().push(mono_item);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[derive(serde::Serialize)]
-    struct MonoItem {
-        name: String,
-        instantiation_count: usize,
-        size_estimate: usize,
-        total_estimate: usize,
-    }
-
-    // Output stats sorted by total instantiated size, from heaviest to lightest
-    let mut stats: Vec<_> = items_per_def_id
-        .into_iter()
-        .map(|(def_id, items)| {
-            let name = with_no_trimmed_paths!(tcx.def_path_str(def_id));
-            let instantiation_count = items.len();
-            let size_estimate = items[0].size_estimate(tcx);
-            let total_estimate = instantiation_count * size_estimate;
-            MonoItem { name, instantiation_count, size_estimate, total_estimate }
-        })
-        .collect();
-    stats.sort_unstable_by_key(|item| cmp::Reverse(item.total_estimate));
-
-    if !stats.is_empty() {
-        match format {
-            DumpMonoStatsFormat::Json => serde_json::to_writer(file, &stats)?,
-            DumpMonoStatsFormat::Markdown => {
-                writeln!(
-                    file,
-                    "| Item | Instantiation count | Estimated Cost Per Instantiation | Total Estimated Cost |"
-                )?;
-                writeln!(file, "| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: |")?;
-
-                for MonoItem { name, instantiation_count, size_estimate, total_estimate } in stats {
-                    writeln!(
-                        file,
-                        "| `{name}` | {instantiation_count} | {size_estimate} | {total_estimate} |"
-                    )?;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-fn codegened_and_inlined_items(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, (): ()) -> &DefIdSet {
-    let (items, cgus) = tcx.collect_and_partition_mono_items(());
-    let mut visited = DefIdSet::default();
-    let mut result = items.clone();
-
-    for cgu in cgus {
-        for (item, _) in cgu.items() {
-            if let MonoItem::Fn(ref instance) = item {
-                let did = instance.def_id();
-                if !visited.insert(did) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-                let body = tcx.instance_mir(instance.def);
-                for block in body.basic_blocks.iter() {
-                    for statement in &block.statements {
-                        let mir::StatementKind::Coverage(_) = statement.kind else { continue };
-                        let scope = statement.source_info.scope;
-                        if let Some(inlined) = scope.inlined_instance(&body.source_scopes) {
-                            result.insert(inlined.def_id());
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    tcx.arena.alloc(result)
-}
-
-pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
-    providers.collect_and_partition_mono_items = collect_and_partition_mono_items;
-    providers.codegened_and_inlined_items = codegened_and_inlined_items;
-
-    providers.is_codegened_item = |tcx, def_id| {
-        let (all_mono_items, _) = tcx.collect_and_partition_mono_items(());
-        all_mono_items.contains(&def_id)
-    };
-
-    providers.codegen_unit = |tcx, name| {
-        let (_, all) = tcx.collect_and_partition_mono_items(());
-        all.iter()
-            .find(|cgu| cgu.name() == name)
-            .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("failed to find cgu with name {name:?}"))
-    };
-}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_monomorphize/src/polymorphize.rs b/compiler/rustc_monomorphize/src/polymorphize.rs
index ddc62d9c390..88a3e028527 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_monomorphize/src/polymorphize.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_monomorphize/src/polymorphize.rs
@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ use rustc_middle::mir::{
     visit::{TyContext, Visitor},
     Constant, ConstantKind, Local, LocalDecl, Location,
 };
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{
     self,
-    query::Providers,
     subst::SubstsRef,
     visit::{TypeSuperVisitable, TypeVisitable, TypeVisitableExt, TypeVisitor},
     Const, Ty, TyCtxt, UnusedGenericParams,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_monomorphize/src/util.rs b/compiler/rustc_monomorphize/src/util.rs
index d12bfc6f6bb..f6a80b0431f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_monomorphize/src/util.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_monomorphize/src/util.rs
@@ -29,12 +29,12 @@ pub(crate) fn dump_closure_profile<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, closure_instance: In
         let before_feature_tys = tcx.subst_and_normalize_erasing_regions(
             closure_instance.substs,
             param_env,
-            ty::EarlyBinder(before_feature_tys),
+            ty::EarlyBinder::bind(before_feature_tys),
         );
         let after_feature_tys = tcx.subst_and_normalize_erasing_regions(
             closure_instance.substs,
             param_env,
-            ty::EarlyBinder(after_feature_tys),
+            ty::EarlyBinder::bind(after_feature_tys),
         );
 
         let new_size = tcx
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_parse/messages.ftl
index 1bbf833e3cd..9263394508e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/messages.ftl
@@ -1,230 +1,298 @@
-parse_struct_literal_body_without_path =
-    struct literal body without path
-    .suggestion = you might have forgotten to add the struct literal inside the block
+parse_add_paren = try adding parentheses
 
-parse_struct_literal_needing_parens =
-    invalid struct literal
-    .suggestion = you might need to surround the struct literal in parentheses
+parse_ambiguous_missing_keyword_for_item_definition = missing `fn` or `struct` for function or struct definition
+    .suggestion = if you meant to call a macro, try
+    .help = if you meant to call a macro, remove the `pub` and add a trailing `!` after the identifier
 
-parse_maybe_report_ambiguous_plus =
-    ambiguous `+` in a type
-    .suggestion = use parentheses to disambiguate
+parse_ambiguous_range_pattern = the range pattern here has ambiguous interpretation
+    .suggestion = add parentheses to clarify the precedence
 
-parse_maybe_recover_from_bad_type_plus =
-    expected a path on the left-hand side of `+`, not `{$ty}`
+parse_array_brackets_instead_of_braces = this is a block expression, not an array
+    .suggestion = to make an array, use square brackets instead of curly braces
 
-parse_add_paren = try adding parentheses
+parse_assignment_else_not_allowed = <assignment> ... else {"{"} ... {"}"} is not allowed
 
-parse_forgot_paren = perhaps you forgot parentheses?
+parse_assoc_lifetime = associated lifetimes are not supported
+    .label = the lifetime is given here
+    .help = if you meant to specify a trait object, write `dyn Trait + 'lifetime`
 
-parse_expect_path = expected a path
+parse_associated_static_item_not_allowed = associated `static` items are not allowed
 
-parse_maybe_recover_from_bad_qpath_stage_2 =
-    missing angle brackets in associated item path
-    .suggestion = try: `{$ty}`
+parse_async_block_in_2015 = `async` blocks are only allowed in Rust 2018 or later
 
-parse_incorrect_semicolon =
-    expected item, found `;`
-    .suggestion = remove this semicolon
-    .help = {$name} declarations are not followed by a semicolon
+parse_async_fn_in_2015 = `async fn` is not permitted in Rust 2015
+    .label = to use `async fn`, switch to Rust 2018 or later
 
-parse_incorrect_use_of_await =
-    incorrect use of `await`
-    .parentheses_suggestion = `await` is not a method call, remove the parentheses
-    .postfix_suggestion = `await` is a postfix operation
+parse_async_move_order_incorrect = the order of `move` and `async` is incorrect
+    .suggestion = try switching the order
 
-parse_in_in_typo =
-    expected iterable, found keyword `in`
-    .suggestion = remove the duplicated `in`
+parse_attr_after_generic = trailing attribute after generic parameter
+    .label = attributes must go before parameters
 
-parse_invalid_variable_declaration =
-    invalid variable declaration
+parse_attr_without_generics = attribute without generic parameters
+    .label = attributes are only permitted when preceding parameters
 
-parse_switch_mut_let_order =
-    switch the order of `mut` and `let`
-parse_missing_let_before_mut = missing keyword
-parse_use_let_not_auto = write `let` instead of `auto` to introduce a new variable
-parse_use_let_not_var = write `let` instead of `var` to introduce a new variable
+parse_attribute_on_param_type = attributes cannot be applied to a function parameter's type
+    .label = attributes are not allowed here
 
-parse_invalid_comparison_operator = invalid comparison operator `{$invalid}`
-    .use_instead = `{$invalid}` is not a valid comparison operator, use `{$correct}`
-    .spaceship_operator_invalid = `<=>` is not a valid comparison operator, use `std::cmp::Ordering`
+parse_bad_assoc_type_bounds = bounds on associated types do not belong here
+    .label = belongs in `where` clause
 
-parse_invalid_logical_operator = `{$incorrect}` is not a logical operator
-    .note = unlike in e.g., Python and PHP, `&&` and `||` are used for logical operators
-    .use_amp_amp_for_conjunction = use `&&` to perform logical conjunction
-    .use_pipe_pipe_for_disjunction = use `||` to perform logical disjunction
+parse_bad_item_kind = {$descr} is not supported in {$ctx}
+    .help = consider moving the {$descr} out to a nearby module scope
 
-parse_tilde_is_not_unary_operator = `~` cannot be used as a unary operator
-    .suggestion = use `!` to perform bitwise not
+parse_bad_return_type_notation_dotdot =
+    return type notation uses `()` instead of `(..)` for elided arguments
+    .suggestion = remove the `..`
 
-parse_unexpected_if_with_if = unexpected `if` in the condition expression
-    .suggestion = remove the `if`
+parse_bad_return_type_notation_output =
+    return type not allowed with return type notation
+    .suggestion = remove the return type
 
-parse_unexpected_token_after_not = unexpected {$negated_desc} after identifier
-parse_unexpected_token_after_not_bitwise = use `!` to perform bitwise not
-parse_unexpected_token_after_not_logical = use `!` to perform logical negation
-parse_unexpected_token_after_not_default = use `!` to perform logical negation or bitwise not
+parse_bare_cr = {$double_quotes ->
+    [true] bare CR not allowed in string, use `\r` instead
+    *[false] character constant must be escaped: `\r`
+    }
+    .escape = escape the character
 
-parse_malformed_loop_label = malformed loop label
-    .suggestion = use the correct loop label format
+parse_bare_cr_in_raw_string = bare CR not allowed in raw string
 
-parse_lifetime_in_borrow_expression = borrow expressions cannot be annotated with lifetimes
-    .suggestion = remove the lifetime annotation
-    .label = annotated with lifetime here
+parse_binary_float_literal_not_supported = binary float literal is not supported
+parse_bounds_not_allowed_on_trait_aliases = bounds are not allowed on trait aliases
 
-parse_field_expression_with_generic = field expressions cannot have generic arguments
+parse_box_not_pat = expected pattern, found {$descr}
+    .note = `box` is a reserved keyword
+    .suggestion = escape `box` to use it as an identifier
 
-parse_macro_invocation_with_qualified_path = macros cannot use qualified paths
+parse_box_syntax_removed = `box_syntax` has been removed
+    .suggestion = use `Box::new()` instead
 
-parse_unexpected_token_after_label = expected `while`, `for`, `loop` or `{"{"}` after a label
-    .suggestion_remove_label = consider removing the label
-    .suggestion_enclose_in_block = consider enclosing expression in a block
+parse_cannot_be_raw_ident = `{$ident}` cannot be a raw identifier
 
-parse_require_colon_after_labeled_expression = labeled expression must be followed by `:`
-    .note = labels are used before loops and blocks, allowing e.g., `break 'label` to them
-    .label = the label
-    .suggestion = add `:` after the label
+parse_catch_after_try = keyword `catch` cannot follow a `try` block
+    .help = try using `match` on the result of the `try` block instead
+
+parse_cfg_attr_bad_delim = wrong `cfg_attr` delimiters
+parse_colon_as_semi = statements are terminated with a semicolon
+    .suggestion = use a semicolon instead
+
+parse_comma_after_base_struct = cannot use a comma after the base struct
+    .note = the base struct must always be the last field
+    .suggestion = remove this comma
+
+parse_comparison_interpreted_as_generic =
+    `<` is interpreted as a start of generic arguments for `{$type}`, not a comparison
+    .label_args = interpreted as generic arguments
+    .label_comparison = not interpreted as comparison
+    .suggestion = try comparing the cast value
+
+parse_comparison_operators_cannot_be_chained = comparison operators cannot be chained
+    .sugg_parentheses_for_function_args = or use `(...)` if you meant to specify fn arguments
+    .sugg_split_comparison = split the comparison into two
+    .sugg_parenthesize = parenthesize the comparison
+parse_compound_assignment_expression_in_let = can't reassign to an uninitialized variable
+    .suggestion = initialize the variable
+    .help = if you meant to overwrite, remove the `let` binding
+
+parse_const_bounds_missing_tilde = const bounds must start with `~`
+    .suggestion = add `~`
+
+parse_const_generic_without_braces = expressions must be enclosed in braces to be used as const generic arguments
+    .suggestion = enclose the `const` expression in braces
+
+parse_const_global_cannot_be_mutable = const globals cannot be mutable
+    .label = cannot be mutable
+    .suggestion = you might want to declare a static instead
+
+parse_const_let_mutually_exclusive = `const` and `let` are mutually exclusive
+    .suggestion = remove `let`
+
+parse_cr_doc_comment = bare CR not allowed in {$block ->
+    [true] block doc-comment
+    *[false] doc-comment
+}
+
+parse_default_not_followed_by_item = `default` is not followed by an item
+    .label = the `default` qualifier
+    .note = only `fn`, `const`, `type`, or `impl` items may be prefixed by `default`
 
 parse_do_catch_syntax_removed = found removed `do catch` syntax
     .note = following RFC #2388, the new non-placeholder syntax is `try`
     .suggestion = replace with the new syntax
 
-parse_float_literal_requires_integer_part = float literals must have an integer part
-    .suggestion = must have an integer part
+parse_doc_comment_does_not_document_anything = found a documentation comment that doesn't document anything
+    .help = doc comments must come before what they document, if a comment was intended use `//`
+    .suggestion = missing comma here
 
-parse_invalid_int_literal_width = invalid width `{$width}` for integer literal
-    .help = valid widths are 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128
+parse_doc_comment_on_param_type = documentation comments cannot be applied to a function parameter's type
+    .label = doc comments are not allowed here
 
-parse_invalid_num_literal_base_prefix = invalid base prefix for number literal
-    .note = base prefixes (`0xff`, `0b1010`, `0o755`) are lowercase
-    .suggestion = try making the prefix lowercase
+parse_dot_dot_dot_for_remaining_fields = expected field pattern, found `{$token_str}`
+    .suggestion = to omit remaining fields, use `..`
 
-parse_invalid_num_literal_suffix = invalid suffix `{$suffix}` for number literal
-    .label = invalid suffix `{$suffix}`
-    .help = the suffix must be one of the numeric types (`u32`, `isize`, `f32`, etc.)
+parse_dot_dot_dot_range_to_pattern_not_allowed = range-to patterns with `...` are not allowed
+    .suggestion = use `..=` instead
 
-parse_invalid_float_literal_width = invalid width `{$width}` for float literal
-    .help = valid widths are 32 and 64
+parse_dotdotdot = unexpected token: `...`
+    .suggest_exclusive_range = use `..` for an exclusive range
+    .suggest_inclusive_range = or `..=` for an inclusive range
 
-parse_invalid_float_literal_suffix = invalid suffix `{$suffix}` for float literal
-    .label = invalid suffix `{$suffix}`
-    .help = valid suffixes are `f32` and `f64`
+parse_dotdotdot_rest_pattern = unexpected `...`
+    .label = not a valid pattern
+    .suggestion = for a rest pattern, use `..` instead of `...`
 
-parse_int_literal_too_large = integer literal is too large
+parse_double_colon_in_bound = expected `:` followed by trait or lifetime
+    .suggestion = use single colon
 
-parse_missing_semicolon_before_array = expected `;`, found `[`
-    .suggestion = consider adding `;` here
+parse_dyn_after_mut = `mut` must precede `dyn`
+    .suggestion = place `mut` before `dyn`
 
-parse_invalid_block_macro_segment = cannot use a `block` macro fragment here
-    .label = the `block` fragment is within this context
+parse_empty_exponent_float = expected at least one digit in exponent
 
-parse_expect_dotdot_not_dotdotdot = expected `..`, found `...`
-    .suggestion = use `..` to fill in the rest of the fields
+parse_empty_unicode_escape = empty unicode escape
+    .label = this escape must have at least 1 hex digit
 
-parse_if_expression_missing_then_block = this `if` expression is missing a block after the condition
-    .add_then_block = add a block here
-    .condition_possibly_unfinished = this binary operation is possibly unfinished
+parse_enum_pattern_instead_of_identifier = expected identifier, found enum pattern
 
-parse_if_expression_missing_condition = missing condition for `if` expression
-    .condition_label = expected condition here
-    .block_label = if this block is the condition of the `if` expression, then it must be followed by another block
+parse_enum_struct_mutually_exclusive = `enum` and `struct` are mutually exclusive
+    .suggestion = replace `enum struct` with
 
-parse_expected_expression_found_let = expected expression, found `let` statement
+parse_eq_field_init = expected `:`, found `=`
+    .suggestion = replace equals symbol with a colon
+
+parse_equals_struct_default = default values on `struct` fields aren't supported
+    .suggestion = remove this unsupported default value
+
+parse_escape_only_char = {$byte ->
+    [true] byte
+    *[false] character
+    } constant must be escaped: `{$escaped_msg}`
+    .escape = escape the character
+
+parse_expect_dotdot_not_dotdotdot = expected `..`, found `...`
+    .suggestion = use `..` to fill in the rest of the fields
 
 parse_expect_eq_instead_of_eqeq = expected `=`, found `==`
     .suggestion = consider using `=` here
 
+parse_expect_label_found_ident = expected a label, found an identifier
+    .suggestion = labels start with a tick
+
+parse_expect_path = expected a path
+
+parse_expected_binding_left_of_at = left-hand side of `@` must be a binding
+    .label_lhs = interpreted as a pattern, not a binding
+    .label_rhs = also a pattern
+    .note = bindings are `x`, `mut x`, `ref x`, and `ref mut x`
+
+parse_expected_builtin_ident = expected identifier after `builtin #`
+
+parse_expected_comma_after_pattern_field = expected `,`
+
 parse_expected_else_block = expected `{"{"}`, found {$first_tok}
     .label = expected an `if` or a block after this `else`
     .suggestion = add an `if` if this is the condition of a chained `else if` statement
 
-parse_outer_attribute_not_allowed_on_if_else = outer attributes are not allowed on `if` and `else` branches
-    .branch_label = the attributes are attached to this branch
-    .ctx_label = the branch belongs to this `{$ctx}`
-    .suggestion = remove the attributes
+parse_expected_expression_found_let = expected expression, found `let` statement
 
-parse_missing_in_in_for_loop = missing `in` in `for` loop
-    .use_in_not_of = try using `in` here instead
-    .add_in = try adding `in` here
+parse_expected_fn_path_found_fn_keyword = expected identifier, found keyword `fn`
+    .suggestion = use `Fn` to refer to the trait
 
-parse_missing_expression_in_for_loop = missing expression to iterate on in `for` loop
-    .suggestion = try adding an expression to the `for` loop
+parse_expected_identifier = expected identifier
 
-parse_loop_else = `{$loop_kind}...else` loops are not supported
-    .note = consider moving this `else` clause to a separate `if` statement and use a `bool` variable to control if it should run
-    .loop_keyword = `else` is attached to this loop
+parse_expected_identifier_found_doc_comment = expected identifier, found doc comment
+parse_expected_identifier_found_doc_comment_str = expected identifier, found doc comment `{$token}`
+parse_expected_identifier_found_keyword = expected identifier, found keyword
+parse_expected_identifier_found_keyword_str = expected identifier, found keyword `{$token}`
+parse_expected_identifier_found_reserved_identifier = expected identifier, found reserved identifier
+parse_expected_identifier_found_reserved_identifier_str = expected identifier, found reserved identifier `{$token}`
+parse_expected_identifier_found_reserved_keyword = expected identifier, found reserved keyword
+parse_expected_identifier_found_reserved_keyword_str = expected identifier, found reserved keyword `{$token}`
+parse_expected_identifier_found_str = expected identifier, found `{$token}`
 
-parse_missing_comma_after_match_arm = expected `,` following `match` arm
-    .suggestion = missing a comma here to end this `match` arm
+parse_expected_mut_or_const_in_raw_pointer_type = expected `mut` or `const` keyword in raw pointer type
+    .suggestion = add `mut` or `const` here
 
-parse_catch_after_try = keyword `catch` cannot follow a `try` block
-    .help = try using `match` on the result of the `try` block instead
+parse_expected_semi_found_doc_comment_str = expected `;`, found doc comment `{$token}`
+parse_expected_semi_found_keyword_str = expected `;`, found keyword `{$token}`
+parse_expected_semi_found_reserved_identifier_str = expected `;`, found reserved identifier `{$token}`
+parse_expected_semi_found_reserved_keyword_str = expected `;`, found reserved keyword `{$token}`
+parse_expected_semi_found_str = expected `;`, found `{$token}`
 
-parse_comma_after_base_struct = cannot use a comma after the base struct
-    .note = the base struct must always be the last field
-    .suggestion = remove this comma
+parse_expected_statement_after_outer_attr = expected statement after outer attribute
 
-parse_eq_field_init = expected `:`, found `=`
-    .suggestion = replace equals symbol with a colon
+parse_expected_trait_in_trait_impl_found_type = expected a trait, found type
 
-parse_dotdotdot = unexpected token: `...`
-    .suggest_exclusive_range = use `..` for an exclusive range
-    .suggest_inclusive_range = or `..=` for an inclusive range
+parse_extern_crate_name_with_dashes = crate name using dashes are not valid in `extern crate` statements
+    .label = dash-separated idents are not valid
+    .suggestion = if the original crate name uses dashes you need to use underscores in the code
 
-parse_left_arrow_operator = unexpected token: `<-`
-    .suggestion = if you meant to write a comparison against a negative value, add a space in between `<` and `-`
+parse_extern_item_cannot_be_const = extern items cannot be `const`
+    .suggestion = try using a static value
+    .note = for more information, visit https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword.extern.html
 
-parse_remove_let = expected pattern, found `let`
-    .suggestion = remove the unnecessary `let` keyword
+parse_extra_if_in_let_else = remove the `if` if you meant to write a `let...else` statement
 
-parse_use_eq_instead = unexpected `==`
-    .suggestion = try using `=` instead
+parse_extra_impl_keyword_in_trait_impl = unexpected `impl` keyword
+    .suggestion = remove the extra `impl`
+    .note = this is parsed as an `impl Trait` type, but a trait is expected at this position
 
-parse_use_empty_block_not_semi = expected { "`{}`" }, found `;`
-    .suggestion = try using { "`{}`" } instead
 
-parse_comparison_interpreted_as_generic =
-    `<` is interpreted as a start of generic arguments for `{$type}`, not a comparison
-    .label_args = interpreted as generic arguments
-    .label_comparison = not interpreted as comparison
-    .suggestion = try comparing the cast value
+parse_field_expression_with_generic = field expressions cannot have generic arguments
 
-parse_shift_interpreted_as_generic =
-    `<<` is interpreted as a start of generic arguments for `{$type}`, not a shift
-    .label_args = interpreted as generic arguments
-    .label_comparison = not interpreted as shift
-    .suggestion = try shifting the cast value
+parse_float_literal_requires_integer_part = float literals must have an integer part
+    .suggestion = must have an integer part
+
+parse_float_literal_unsupported_base = {$base} float literal is not supported
+
+parse_fn_pointer_cannot_be_async = an `fn` pointer type cannot be `async`
+    .label = `async` because of this
+    .suggestion = remove the `async` qualifier
+
+parse_fn_pointer_cannot_be_const = an `fn` pointer type cannot be `const`
+    .label = `const` because of this
+    .suggestion = remove the `const` qualifier
+
+parse_fn_ptr_with_generics = function pointer types may not have generic parameters
+    .suggestion = consider moving the lifetime {$arity ->
+        [one] parameter
+        *[other] parameters
+    } to {$for_param_list_exists ->
+        [true] the
+        *[false] a
+    } `for` parameter list
+
+parse_forgot_paren = perhaps you forgot parentheses?
 
 parse_found_expr_would_be_stmt = expected expression, found `{$token}`
     .label = expected expression
 
-parse_leading_plus_not_supported = leading `+` is not supported
-    .label = unexpected `+`
-    .suggestion_remove_plus = try removing the `+`
+parse_function_body_equals_expr = function body cannot be `= expression;`
+    .suggestion = surround the expression with `{"{"}` and `{"}"}` instead of `=` and `;`
 
-parse_parentheses_with_struct_fields = invalid `struct` delimiters or `fn` call arguments
-    .suggestion_braces_for_struct = if `{$type}` is a struct, use braces as delimiters
-    .suggestion_no_fields_for_fn = if `{$type}` is a function, use the arguments directly
+parse_generic_parameters_without_angle_brackets = generic parameters without surrounding angle brackets
+    .suggestion = surround the type parameters with angle brackets
 
-parse_labeled_loop_in_break = parentheses are required around this expression to avoid confusion with a labeled break expression
+parse_generics_in_path = unexpected generic arguments in path
 
-parse_sugg_wrap_expression_in_parentheses = wrap the expression in parentheses
+parse_help_set_edition_cargo = set `edition = "{$edition}"` in `Cargo.toml`
+parse_help_set_edition_standalone = pass `--edition {$edition}` to `rustc`
+parse_hexadecimal_float_literal_not_supported = hexadecimal float literal is not supported
+parse_if_expression_missing_condition = missing condition for `if` expression
+    .condition_label = expected condition here
+    .block_label = if this block is the condition of the `if` expression, then it must be followed by another block
 
-parse_array_brackets_instead_of_braces = this is a block expression, not an array
-    .suggestion = to make an array, use square brackets instead of curly braces
+parse_if_expression_missing_then_block = this `if` expression is missing a block after the condition
+    .add_then_block = add a block here
+    .condition_possibly_unfinished = this binary operation is possibly unfinished
 
-parse_match_arm_body_without_braces = `match` arm body without braces
-    .label_statements = {$num_statements ->
-            [one] this statement is not surrounded by a body
-           *[other] these statements are not surrounded by a body
-        }
-    .label_arrow = while parsing the `match` arm starting here
-    .suggestion_add_braces = surround the {$num_statements ->
-            [one] statement
-           *[other] statements
-        } with a body
-    .suggestion_use_comma_not_semicolon = replace `;` with `,` to end a `match` arm expression
+parse_in_in_typo =
+    expected iterable, found keyword `in`
+    .suggestion = remove the duplicated `in`
+
+parse_inappropriate_default = {$article} {$descr} cannot be `default`
+    .label = `default` because of this
+    .note = only associated `fn`, `const`, and `type` items can be `default`
 
 parse_inclusive_range_extra_equals = unexpected `=` after inclusive range
     .suggestion_remove_eq = use `..=` instead
@@ -238,36 +306,18 @@ parse_inclusive_range_no_end = inclusive range with no end
     .suggestion_open_range = use `..` instead
     .note = inclusive ranges must be bounded at the end (`..=b` or `a..=b`)
 
-parse_struct_literal_not_allowed_here = struct literals are not allowed here
-    .suggestion = surround the struct literal with parentheses
-
-parse_invalid_interpolated_expression = invalid interpolated expression
-
-parse_hexadecimal_float_literal_not_supported = hexadecimal float literal is not supported
-parse_octal_float_literal_not_supported = octal float literal is not supported
-parse_binary_float_literal_not_supported = binary float literal is not supported
-parse_not_supported = not supported
-
-parse_invalid_literal_suffix = suffixes on {$kind} literals are invalid
-    .label = invalid suffix `{$suffix}`
-
-parse_invalid_literal_suffix_on_tuple_index = suffixes on a tuple index are invalid
-    .label = invalid suffix `{$suffix}`
-    .tuple_exception_line_1 = `{$suffix}` is *temporarily* accepted on tuple index fields as it was incorrectly accepted on stable for a few releases
-    .tuple_exception_line_2 = on proc macros, you'll want to use `syn::Index::from` or `proc_macro::Literal::*_unsuffixed` for code that will desugar to tuple field access
-    .tuple_exception_line_3 = see issue #60210 <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/60210> for more information
-
-parse_expected_builtin_ident = expected identifier after `builtin #`
-
-parse_unknown_builtin_construct = unknown `builtin #` construct `{$name}`
+parse_incorrect_braces_trait_bounds = incorrect braces around trait bounds
+    .suggestion = remove the parentheses
 
-parse_non_string_abi_literal = non-string ABI literal
-    .suggestion = specify the ABI with a string literal
+parse_incorrect_semicolon =
+    expected item, found `;`
+    .suggestion = remove this semicolon
+    .help = {$name} declarations are not followed by a semicolon
 
-parse_mismatched_closing_delimiter = mismatched closing delimiter: `{$delimiter}`
-    .label_unmatched = mismatched closing delimiter
-    .label_opening_candidate = closing delimiter possibly meant for this
-    .label_unclosed = unclosed delimiter
+parse_incorrect_use_of_await =
+    incorrect use of `await`
+    .parentheses_suggestion = `await` is not a method call, remove the parentheses
+    .postfix_suggestion = `await` is a postfix operation
 
 parse_incorrect_visibility_restriction = incorrect visibility restriction
     .help = some possible visibility restrictions are:
@@ -276,36 +326,8 @@ parse_incorrect_visibility_restriction = incorrect visibility restriction
             `pub(in path::to::module)`: visible only on the specified path
     .suggestion = make this visible only to module `{$inner_str}` with `in`
 
-parse_assignment_else_not_allowed = <assignment> ... else {"{"} ... {"}"} is not allowed
-
-parse_expected_statement_after_outer_attr = expected statement after outer attribute
-
-parse_doc_comment_does_not_document_anything = found a documentation comment that doesn't document anything
-    .help = doc comments must come before what they document, if a comment was intended use `//`
-    .suggestion = missing comma here
-
-parse_const_let_mutually_exclusive = `const` and `let` are mutually exclusive
-    .suggestion = remove `let`
-
-parse_invalid_expression_in_let_else = a `{$operator}` expression cannot be directly assigned in `let...else`
-parse_invalid_curly_in_let_else = right curly brace `{"}"}` before `else` in a `let...else` statement not allowed
-parse_extra_if_in_let_else = remove the `if` if you meant to write a `let...else` statement
-
-parse_compound_assignment_expression_in_let = can't reassign to an uninitialized variable
-    .suggestion = initialize the variable
-    .help = if you meant to overwrite, remove the `let` binding
-
-parse_suffixed_literal_in_attribute = suffixed literals are not allowed in attributes
-    .help = instead of using a suffixed literal (`1u8`, `1.0f32`, etc.), use an unsuffixed version (`1`, `1.0`, etc.)
-
-parse_invalid_meta_item = expected unsuffixed literal or identifier, found `{$token}`
-
-parse_label_inner_attr_does_not_annotate_this = the inner attribute doesn't annotate this {$item}
-parse_sugg_change_inner_attr_to_outer = to annotate the {$item}, change the attribute from inner to outer style
-
-parse_inner_attr_not_permitted_after_outer_doc_comment = an inner attribute is not permitted following an outer doc comment
-    .label_attr = not permitted following an outer doc comment
-    .label_prev_doc_comment = previous doc comment
+parse_inner_attr_explanation = inner attributes, like `#![no_std]`, annotate the item enclosing them, and are usually found at the beginning of source files
+parse_inner_attr_not_permitted = an inner attribute is not permitted in this context
     .label_does_not_annotate_this = {parse_label_inner_attr_does_not_annotate_this}
     .sugg_change_inner_to_outer = {parse_sugg_change_inner_attr_to_outer}
 
@@ -315,149 +337,189 @@ parse_inner_attr_not_permitted_after_outer_attr = an inner attribute is not perm
     .label_does_not_annotate_this = {parse_label_inner_attr_does_not_annotate_this}
     .sugg_change_inner_to_outer = {parse_sugg_change_inner_attr_to_outer}
 
-parse_inner_attr_not_permitted = an inner attribute is not permitted in this context
+parse_inner_attr_not_permitted_after_outer_doc_comment = an inner attribute is not permitted following an outer doc comment
+    .label_attr = not permitted following an outer doc comment
+    .label_prev_doc_comment = previous doc comment
     .label_does_not_annotate_this = {parse_label_inner_attr_does_not_annotate_this}
     .sugg_change_inner_to_outer = {parse_sugg_change_inner_attr_to_outer}
 
-parse_inner_attr_explanation = inner attributes, like `#![no_std]`, annotate the item enclosing them, and are usually found at the beginning of source files
-parse_outer_attr_explanation = outer attributes, like `#[test]`, annotate the item following them
-
 parse_inner_doc_comment_not_permitted = expected outer doc comment
     .note = inner doc comments like this (starting with `//!` or `/*!`) can only appear before items
     .suggestion = you might have meant to write a regular comment
     .label_does_not_annotate_this = the inner doc comment doesn't annotate this {$item}
     .sugg_change_inner_to_outer = to annotate the {$item}, change the doc comment from inner to outer style
 
-parse_expected_identifier_found_reserved_identifier_str = expected identifier, found reserved identifier `{$token}`
-parse_expected_identifier_found_keyword_str = expected identifier, found keyword `{$token}`
-parse_expected_identifier_found_reserved_keyword_str = expected identifier, found reserved keyword `{$token}`
-parse_expected_identifier_found_doc_comment_str = expected identifier, found doc comment `{$token}`
-parse_expected_identifier_found_str = expected identifier, found `{$token}`
+parse_int_literal_too_large = integer literal is too large
 
-parse_expected_identifier_found_reserved_identifier = expected identifier, found reserved identifier
-parse_expected_identifier_found_keyword = expected identifier, found keyword
-parse_expected_identifier_found_reserved_keyword = expected identifier, found reserved keyword
-parse_expected_identifier_found_doc_comment = expected identifier, found doc comment
-parse_expected_identifier = expected identifier
+parse_invalid_block_macro_segment = cannot use a `block` macro fragment here
+    .label = the `block` fragment is within this context
 
-parse_sugg_escape_identifier = escape `{$ident_name}` to use it as an identifier
+parse_invalid_char_in_escape = {parse_invalid_char_in_escape_msg}: `{$ch}`
+    .label = {parse_invalid_char_in_escape_msg}
 
-parse_sugg_remove_comma = remove this comma
-parse_sugg_add_let_for_stmt = you might have meant to introduce a new binding
+parse_invalid_char_in_escape_msg = invalid character in {$is_hex ->
+    [true] numeric character
+    *[false] unicode
+    } escape
 
-parse_expected_semi_found_reserved_identifier_str = expected `;`, found reserved identifier `{$token}`
-parse_expected_semi_found_keyword_str = expected `;`, found keyword `{$token}`
-parse_expected_semi_found_reserved_keyword_str = expected `;`, found reserved keyword `{$token}`
-parse_expected_semi_found_doc_comment_str = expected `;`, found doc comment `{$token}`
-parse_expected_semi_found_str = expected `;`, found `{$token}`
+parse_invalid_comparison_operator = invalid comparison operator `{$invalid}`
+    .use_instead = `{$invalid}` is not a valid comparison operator, use `{$correct}`
+    .spaceship_operator_invalid = `<=>` is not a valid comparison operator, use `std::cmp::Ordering`
 
-parse_sugg_change_this_to_semi = change this to `;`
-parse_sugg_add_semi = add `;` here
-parse_label_unexpected_token = unexpected token
+parse_invalid_curly_in_let_else = right curly brace `{"}"}` before `else` in a `let...else` statement not allowed
+parse_invalid_digit_literal = invalid digit for a base {$base} literal
 
-parse_unmatched_angle_brackets = {$num_extra_brackets ->
-        [one] unmatched angle bracket
-       *[other] unmatched angle brackets
+parse_invalid_dyn_keyword = invalid `dyn` keyword
+    .help = `dyn` is only needed at the start of a trait `+`-separated list
+    .suggestion = remove this keyword
+
+parse_invalid_expression_in_let_else = a `{$operator}` expression cannot be directly assigned in `let...else`
+parse_invalid_float_literal_suffix = invalid suffix `{$suffix}` for float literal
+    .label = invalid suffix `{$suffix}`
+    .help = valid suffixes are `f32` and `f64`
+
+parse_invalid_float_literal_width = invalid width `{$width}` for float literal
+    .help = valid widths are 32 and 64
+
+parse_invalid_identifier_with_leading_number = identifiers cannot start with a number
+
+parse_invalid_int_literal_width = invalid width `{$width}` for integer literal
+    .help = valid widths are 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128
+
+parse_invalid_interpolated_expression = invalid interpolated expression
+
+parse_invalid_literal_suffix = suffixes on {$kind} literals are invalid
+    .label = invalid suffix `{$suffix}`
+
+parse_invalid_literal_suffix_on_tuple_index = suffixes on a tuple index are invalid
+    .label = invalid suffix `{$suffix}`
+    .tuple_exception_line_1 = `{$suffix}` is *temporarily* accepted on tuple index fields as it was incorrectly accepted on stable for a few releases
+    .tuple_exception_line_2 = on proc macros, you'll want to use `syn::Index::from` or `proc_macro::Literal::*_unsuffixed` for code that will desugar to tuple field access
+    .tuple_exception_line_3 = see issue #60210 <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/60210> for more information
+
+parse_invalid_logical_operator = `{$incorrect}` is not a logical operator
+    .note = unlike in e.g., Python and PHP, `&&` and `||` are used for logical operators
+    .use_amp_amp_for_conjunction = use `&&` to perform logical conjunction
+    .use_pipe_pipe_for_disjunction = use `||` to perform logical disjunction
+
+parse_invalid_meta_item = expected unsuffixed literal or identifier, found `{$token}`
+
+parse_invalid_num_literal_base_prefix = invalid base prefix for number literal
+    .note = base prefixes (`0xff`, `0b1010`, `0o755`) are lowercase
+    .suggestion = try making the prefix lowercase
+
+parse_invalid_num_literal_suffix = invalid suffix `{$suffix}` for number literal
+    .label = invalid suffix `{$suffix}`
+    .help = the suffix must be one of the numeric types (`u32`, `isize`, `f32`, etc.)
+
+parse_invalid_unicode_escape = invalid unicode character escape
+    .label = invalid escape
+    .help = unicode escape must {$surrogate ->
+    [true] not be a surrogate
+    *[false] be at most 10FFFF
     }
-    .suggestion = {$num_extra_brackets ->
-            [one] remove extra angle bracket
-           *[other] remove extra angle brackets
-        }
 
-parse_generic_parameters_without_angle_brackets = generic parameters without surrounding angle brackets
-    .suggestion = surround the type parameters with angle brackets
+parse_invalid_variable_declaration =
+    invalid variable declaration
 
-parse_comparison_operators_cannot_be_chained = comparison operators cannot be chained
-    .sugg_parentheses_for_function_args = or use `(...)` if you meant to specify fn arguments
-    .sugg_split_comparison = split the comparison into two
-    .sugg_parenthesize = parenthesize the comparison
-parse_sugg_turbofish_syntax = use `::<...>` instead of `<...>` to specify lifetime, type, or const arguments
+parse_kw_bad_case = keyword `{$kw}` is written in the wrong case
+    .suggestion = write it in the correct case
 
-parse_question_mark_in_type = invalid `?` in type
-    .label = `?` is only allowed on expressions, not types
-    .suggestion = if you meant to express that the type might not contain a value, use the `Option` wrapper type
+parse_label_inner_attr_does_not_annotate_this = the inner attribute doesn't annotate this {$item}
+parse_label_unexpected_token = unexpected token
 
-parse_unexpected_parentheses_in_for_head = unexpected parentheses surrounding `for` loop head
-    .suggestion = remove parentheses in `for` loop
+parse_label_while_parsing_or_pattern_here = while parsing this or-pattern starting here
 
-parse_doc_comment_on_param_type = documentation comments cannot be applied to a function parameter's type
-    .label = doc comments are not allowed here
+parse_labeled_loop_in_break = parentheses are required around this expression to avoid confusion with a labeled break expression
 
-parse_attribute_on_param_type = attributes cannot be applied to a function parameter's type
-    .label = attributes are not allowed here
+parse_leading_plus_not_supported = leading `+` is not supported
+    .label = unexpected `+`
+    .suggestion_remove_plus = try removing the `+`
 
-parse_pattern_method_param_without_body = patterns aren't allowed in methods without bodies
-    .suggestion = give this argument a name or use an underscore to ignore it
+parse_leading_underscore_unicode_escape = {parse_leading_underscore_unicode_escape_label}: `_`
+parse_leading_underscore_unicode_escape_label = invalid start of unicode escape
 
-parse_self_param_not_first = unexpected `self` parameter in function
-    .label = must be the first parameter of an associated function
+parse_left_arrow_operator = unexpected token: `<-`
+    .suggestion = if you meant to write a comparison against a negative value, add a space in between `<` and `-`
 
-parse_const_generic_without_braces = expressions must be enclosed in braces to be used as const generic arguments
-    .suggestion = enclose the `const` expression in braces
+parse_lifetime_after_mut = lifetime must precede `mut`
+    .suggestion = place the lifetime before `mut`
 
-parse_unexpected_const_param_declaration = unexpected `const` parameter declaration
-    .label = expected a `const` expression, not a parameter declaration
-    .suggestion = `const` parameters must be declared for the `impl`
+parse_lifetime_in_borrow_expression = borrow expressions cannot be annotated with lifetimes
+    .suggestion = remove the lifetime annotation
+    .label = annotated with lifetime here
 
-parse_unexpected_const_in_generic_param = expected lifetime, type, or constant, found keyword `const`
-    .suggestion = the `const` keyword is only needed in the definition of the type
+parse_lone_slash = invalid trailing slash in literal
+    .label = {parse_lone_slash}
 
-parse_async_move_order_incorrect = the order of `move` and `async` is incorrect
-    .suggestion = try switching the order
+parse_loop_else = `{$loop_kind}...else` loops are not supported
+    .note = consider moving this `else` clause to a separate `if` statement and use a `bool` variable to control if it should run
+    .loop_keyword = `else` is attached to this loop
 
-parse_double_colon_in_bound = expected `:` followed by trait or lifetime
-    .suggestion = use single colon
+parse_macro_invocation_visibility = can't qualify macro invocation with `pub`
+    .suggestion = remove the visibility
+    .help = try adjusting the macro to put `{$vis}` inside the invocation
 
-parse_fn_ptr_with_generics = function pointer types may not have generic parameters
-    .suggestion = consider moving the lifetime {$arity ->
-        [one] parameter
-        *[other] parameters
-    } to {$for_param_list_exists ->
-        [true] the
-        *[false] a
-    } `for` parameter list
+parse_macro_invocation_with_qualified_path = macros cannot use qualified paths
 
-parse_invalid_identifier_with_leading_number = identifiers cannot start with a number
+parse_macro_name_remove_bang = macro names aren't followed by a `!`
+    .suggestion = remove the `!`
 
-parse_maybe_fn_typo_with_impl = you might have meant to write `impl` instead of `fn`
-    .suggestion = replace `fn` with `impl` here
+parse_macro_rules_missing_bang = expected `!` after `macro_rules`
+    .suggestion = add a `!`
 
-parse_expected_fn_path_found_fn_keyword = expected identifier, found keyword `fn`
-    .suggestion = use `Fn` to refer to the trait
+parse_macro_rules_visibility = can't qualify macro_rules invocation with `{$vis}`
+    .suggestion = try exporting the macro
 
-parse_path_single_colon = path separator must be a double colon
-    .suggestion = use a double colon instead
+parse_malformed_cfg_attr = malformed `cfg_attr` attribute input
+    .suggestion = missing condition and attribute
+    .note = for more information, visit <https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/conditional-compilation.html#the-cfg_attr-attribute>
 
-parse_colon_as_semi = statements are terminated with a semicolon
-    .suggestion = use a semicolon instead
+parse_malformed_loop_label = malformed loop label
+    .suggestion = use the correct loop label format
 
-parse_type_ascription_removed =
-    if you meant to annotate an expression with a type, the type ascription syntax has been removed, see issue #101728 <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/101728>
+parse_match_arm_body_without_braces = `match` arm body without braces
+    .label_statements = {$num_statements ->
+            [one] this statement is not surrounded by a body
+           *[other] these statements are not surrounded by a body
+        }
+    .label_arrow = while parsing the `match` arm starting here
+    .suggestion_add_braces = surround the {$num_statements ->
+            [one] statement
+           *[other] statements
+        } with a body
+    .suggestion_use_comma_not_semicolon = replace `;` with `,` to end a `match` arm expression
 
-parse_where_clause_before_tuple_struct_body = where clauses are not allowed before tuple struct bodies
-    .label = unexpected where clause
-    .name_label = while parsing this tuple struct
-    .body_label = the struct body
-    .suggestion = move the body before the where clause
+parse_maybe_fn_typo_with_impl = you might have meant to write `impl` instead of `fn`
+    .suggestion = replace `fn` with `impl` here
 
-parse_async_fn_in_2015 = `async fn` is not permitted in Rust 2015
-    .label = to use `async fn`, switch to Rust 2018 or later
+parse_maybe_recover_from_bad_qpath_stage_2 =
+    missing angle brackets in associated item path
+    .suggestion = try: `{$ty}`
 
-parse_async_block_in_2015 = `async` blocks are only allowed in Rust 2018 or later
+parse_maybe_recover_from_bad_type_plus =
+    expected a path on the left-hand side of `+`, not `{$ty}`
 
-parse_self_argument_pointer = cannot pass `self` by raw pointer
-    .label = cannot pass `self` by raw pointer
+parse_maybe_report_ambiguous_plus =
+    ambiguous `+` in a type
+    .suggestion = use parentheses to disambiguate
 
-parse_visibility_not_followed_by_item = visibility `{$vis}` is not followed by an item
-    .label = the visibility
-    .help = you likely meant to define an item, e.g., `{$vis} fn foo() {"{}"}`
+parse_meta_bad_delim = wrong meta list delimiters
+parse_meta_bad_delim_suggestion = the delimiters should be `(` and `)`
 
-parse_default_not_followed_by_item = `default` is not followed by an item
-    .label = the `default` qualifier
-    .note = only `fn`, `const`, `type`, or `impl` items may be prefixed by `default`
+parse_mismatched_closing_delimiter = mismatched closing delimiter: `{$delimiter}`
+    .label_unmatched = mismatched closing delimiter
+    .label_opening_candidate = closing delimiter possibly meant for this
+    .label_unclosed = unclosed delimiter
 
-parse_missing_struct_for_struct_definition = missing `struct` for struct definition
-    .suggestion = add `struct` here to parse `{$ident}` as a public struct
+parse_missing_comma_after_match_arm = expected `,` following `match` arm
+    .suggestion = missing a comma here to end this `match` arm
+
+parse_missing_const_type = missing type for `{$kind}` item
+    .suggestion = provide a type for the item
+
+parse_missing_expression_in_for_loop = missing expression to iterate on in `for` loop
+    .suggestion = try adding an expression to the `for` loop
 
 parse_missing_fn_for_function_definition = missing `fn` for function definition
     .suggestion = add `fn` here to parse `{$ident}` as a public function
@@ -465,262 +527,275 @@ parse_missing_fn_for_function_definition = missing `fn` for function definition
 parse_missing_fn_for_method_definition = missing `fn` for method definition
     .suggestion = add `fn` here to parse `{$ident}` as a public method
 
-parse_ambiguous_missing_keyword_for_item_definition = missing `fn` or `struct` for function or struct definition
-    .suggestion = if you meant to call a macro, try
-    .help = if you meant to call a macro, remove the `pub` and add a trailing `!` after the identifier
+parse_missing_for_in_trait_impl = missing `for` in a trait impl
+    .suggestion = add `for` here
+
+parse_missing_in_in_for_loop = missing `in` in `for` loop
+    .use_in_not_of = try using `in` here instead
+    .add_in = try adding `in` here
+
+parse_missing_let_before_mut = missing keyword
+parse_missing_plus_in_bounds = expected `+` between lifetime and {$sym}
+    .suggestion = add `+`
+
+parse_missing_semicolon_before_array = expected `;`, found `[`
+    .suggestion = consider adding `;` here
+
+parse_missing_struct_for_struct_definition = missing `struct` for struct definition
+    .suggestion = add `struct` here to parse `{$ident}` as a public struct
 
 parse_missing_trait_in_trait_impl = missing trait in a trait impl
     .suggestion_add_trait = add a trait here
     .suggestion_remove_for = for an inherent impl, drop this `for`
 
-parse_missing_for_in_trait_impl = missing `for` in a trait impl
-    .suggestion = add `for` here
+parse_modifier_lifetime = `{$sigil}` may only modify trait bounds, not lifetime bounds
+    .suggestion = remove the `{$sigil}`
 
-parse_expected_trait_in_trait_impl_found_type = expected a trait, found type
+parse_more_than_one_char = character literal may only contain one codepoint
+    .followed_by = this `{$chr}` is followed by the combining {$len ->
+        [one] mark
+        *[other] marks
+        } `{$escaped_marks}`
+    .non_printing = there are non-printing characters, the full sequence is `{$escaped}`
+    .consider_normalized = consider using the normalized form `{$ch}` of this character
+    .remove_non = consider removing the non-printing characters
+    .use_double_quotes = if you meant to write a {$is_byte ->
+        [true] byte string
+        *[false] `str`
+        } literal, use double quotes
 
-parse_non_item_in_item_list = non-item in item list
-    .suggestion_use_const_not_let = consider using `const` instead of `let` for associated const
-    .label_list_start = item list starts here
-    .label_non_item = non-item starts here
-    .label_list_end = item list ends here
-    .suggestion_remove_semicolon = consider removing this semicolon
+parse_multiple_skipped_lines = multiple lines skipped by escaped newline
+    .label = skipping everything up to and including this point
 
-parse_bounds_not_allowed_on_trait_aliases = bounds are not allowed on trait aliases
+parse_multiple_where_clauses = cannot define duplicate `where` clauses on an item
+    .label = previous `where` clause starts here
+    .suggestion = consider joining the two `where` clauses into one
 
-parse_trait_alias_cannot_be_auto = trait aliases cannot be `auto`
-parse_trait_alias_cannot_be_unsafe = trait aliases cannot be `unsafe`
+parse_mut_on_nested_ident_pattern = `mut` must be attached to each individual binding
+    .suggestion = add `mut` to each binding
+parse_mut_on_non_ident_pattern = `mut` must be followed by a named binding
+    .suggestion = remove the `mut` prefix
+parse_need_plus_after_trait_object_lifetime = lifetime in trait object type must be followed by `+`
 
-parse_associated_static_item_not_allowed = associated `static` items are not allowed
+parse_nested_adt = `{$kw_str}` definition cannot be nested inside `{$keyword}`
+    .suggestion = consider creating a new `{$kw_str}` definition instead of nesting
 
-parse_extern_crate_name_with_dashes = crate name using dashes are not valid in `extern crate` statements
-    .label = dash-separated idents are not valid
-    .suggestion = if the original crate name uses dashes you need to use underscores in the code
+parse_nested_c_variadic_type = C-variadic type `...` may not be nested inside another type
 
-parse_extern_item_cannot_be_const = extern items cannot be `const`
-    .suggestion = try using a static value
-    .note = for more information, visit https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword.extern.html
+parse_no_brace_unicode_escape = incorrect unicode escape sequence
+    .label = {parse_no_brace_unicode_escape}
+    .use_braces = format of unicode escape sequences uses braces
+    .format_of_unicode = format of unicode escape sequences is `\u{"{...}"}`
 
-parse_const_global_cannot_be_mutable = const globals cannot be mutable
-    .label = cannot be mutable
-    .suggestion = you might want to declare a static instead
+parse_no_digits_literal = no valid digits found for number
 
-parse_missing_const_type = missing type for `{$kind}` item
-    .suggestion = provide a type for the item
+parse_non_item_in_item_list = non-item in item list
+    .suggestion_use_const_not_let = consider using `const` instead of `let` for associated const
+    .label_list_start = item list starts here
+    .label_non_item = non-item starts here
+    .label_list_end = item list ends here
+    .suggestion_remove_semicolon = consider removing this semicolon
 
-parse_enum_struct_mutually_exclusive = `enum` and `struct` are mutually exclusive
-    .suggestion = replace `enum struct` with
+parse_non_string_abi_literal = non-string ABI literal
+    .suggestion = specify the ABI with a string literal
 
-parse_unexpected_token_after_struct_name = expected `where`, `{"{"}`, `(`, or `;` after struct name
-parse_unexpected_token_after_struct_name_found_reserved_identifier = expected `where`, `{"{"}`, `(`, or `;` after struct name, found reserved identifier `{$token}`
-parse_unexpected_token_after_struct_name_found_keyword = expected `where`, `{"{"}`, `(`, or `;` after struct name, found keyword `{$token}`
-parse_unexpected_token_after_struct_name_found_reserved_keyword = expected `where`, `{"{"}`, `(`, or `;` after struct name, found reserved keyword `{$token}`
-parse_unexpected_token_after_struct_name_found_doc_comment = expected `where`, `{"{"}`, `(`, or `;` after struct name, found doc comment `{$token}`
-parse_unexpected_token_after_struct_name_found_other = expected `where`, `{"{"}`, `(`, or `;` after struct name, found `{$token}`
+parse_nonterminal_expected_ident = expected ident, found `{$token}`
+parse_nonterminal_expected_item_keyword = expected an item keyword
+parse_nonterminal_expected_lifetime = expected a lifetime, found `{$token}`
 
-parse_unexpected_self_in_generic_parameters = unexpected keyword `Self` in generic parameters
-    .note = you cannot use `Self` as a generic parameter because it is reserved for associated items
+parse_nonterminal_expected_statement = expected a statement
+parse_not_supported = not supported
 
-parse_unexpected_default_value_for_lifetime_in_generic_parameters = unexpected default lifetime parameter
-    .label = lifetime parameters cannot have default values
+parse_note_edition_guide = for more on editions, read https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide
 
-parse_multiple_where_clauses = cannot define duplicate `where` clauses on an item
-    .label = previous `where` clause starts here
-    .suggestion = consider joining the two `where` clauses into one
+parse_note_mut_pattern_usage = `mut` may be followed by `variable` and `variable @ pattern`
 
-parse_nonterminal_expected_item_keyword = expected an item keyword
-parse_nonterminal_expected_statement = expected a statement
-parse_nonterminal_expected_ident = expected ident, found `{$token}`
-parse_nonterminal_expected_lifetime = expected a lifetime, found `{$token}`
+parse_note_pattern_alternatives_use_single_vert = alternatives in or-patterns are separated with `|`, not `||`
 
-parse_or_pattern_not_allowed_in_let_binding = top-level or-patterns are not allowed in `let` bindings
+parse_octal_float_literal_not_supported = octal float literal is not supported
 parse_or_pattern_not_allowed_in_fn_parameters = top-level or-patterns are not allowed in function parameters
-parse_sugg_remove_leading_vert_in_pattern = remove the `|`
-parse_sugg_wrap_pattern_in_parens = wrap the pattern in parentheses
+parse_or_pattern_not_allowed_in_let_binding = top-level or-patterns are not allowed in `let` bindings
+parse_out_of_range_hex_escape = out of range hex escape
+    .label = must be a character in the range [\x00-\x7f]
 
-parse_note_pattern_alternatives_use_single_vert = alternatives in or-patterns are separated with `|`, not `||`
+parse_outer_attr_explanation = outer attributes, like `#[test]`, annotate the item following them
 
-parse_unexpected_vert_vert_before_function_parameter = unexpected `||` before function parameter
-    .suggestion = remove the `||`
+parse_outer_attribute_not_allowed_on_if_else = outer attributes are not allowed on `if` and `else` branches
+    .branch_label = the attributes are attached to this branch
+    .ctx_label = the branch belongs to this `{$ctx}`
+    .suggestion = remove the attributes
 
-parse_label_while_parsing_or_pattern_here = while parsing this or-pattern starting here
+parse_overlong_unicode_escape = overlong unicode escape
+    .label = must have at most 6 hex digits
 
-parse_unexpected_vert_vert_in_pattern = unexpected token `||` in pattern
-    .suggestion = use a single `|` to separate multiple alternative patterns
+parse_parentheses_with_struct_fields = invalid `struct` delimiters or `fn` call arguments
+    .suggestion_braces_for_struct = if `{$type}` is a struct, use braces as delimiters
+    .suggestion_no_fields_for_fn = if `{$type}` is a function, use the arguments directly
 
-parse_trailing_vert_not_allowed = a trailing `|` is not allowed in an or-pattern
-    .suggestion = remove the `{$token}`
+parse_parenthesized_lifetime = parenthesized lifetime bounds are not supported
+    .suggestion = remove the parentheses
 
-parse_dotdotdot_rest_pattern = unexpected `...`
-    .label = not a valid pattern
-    .suggestion = for a rest pattern, use `..` instead of `...`
+parse_path_single_colon = path separator must be a double colon
+    .suggestion = use a double colon instead
+
+parse_pattern_method_param_without_body = patterns aren't allowed in methods without bodies
+    .suggestion = give this argument a name or use an underscore to ignore it
 
 parse_pattern_on_wrong_side_of_at = pattern on wrong side of `@`
     .label_pattern = pattern on the left, should be on the right
     .label_binding = binding on the right, should be on the left
     .suggestion = switch the order
 
-parse_expected_binding_left_of_at = left-hand side of `@` must be a binding
-    .label_lhs = interpreted as a pattern, not a binding
-    .label_rhs = also a pattern
-    .note = bindings are `x`, `mut x`, `ref x`, and `ref mut x`
-
-parse_ambiguous_range_pattern = the range pattern here has ambiguous interpretation
-    .suggestion = add parentheses to clarify the precedence
+parse_question_mark_in_type = invalid `?` in type
+    .label = `?` is only allowed on expressions, not types
+    .suggestion = if you meant to express that the type might not contain a value, use the `Option` wrapper type
 
-parse_unexpected_lifetime_in_pattern = unexpected lifetime `{$symbol}` in pattern
-    .suggestion = remove the lifetime
+parse_recover_import_as_use = expected item, found {$token_name}
+    .suggestion = items are imported using the `use` keyword
 
 parse_ref_mut_order_incorrect = the order of `mut` and `ref` is incorrect
     .suggestion = try switching the order
 
-parse_mut_on_nested_ident_pattern = `mut` must be attached to each individual binding
-    .suggestion = add `mut` to each binding
-parse_mut_on_non_ident_pattern = `mut` must be followed by a named binding
-    .suggestion = remove the `mut` prefix
-parse_note_mut_pattern_usage = `mut` may be followed by `variable` and `variable @ pattern`
+parse_remove_let = expected pattern, found `let`
+    .suggestion = remove the unnecessary `let` keyword
 
 parse_repeated_mut_in_pattern = `mut` on a binding may not be repeated
     .suggestion = remove the additional `mut`s
 
-parse_dot_dot_dot_range_to_pattern_not_allowed = range-to patterns with `...` are not allowed
-    .suggestion = use `..=` instead
+parse_require_colon_after_labeled_expression = labeled expression must be followed by `:`
+    .note = labels are used before loops and blocks, allowing e.g., `break 'label` to them
+    .label = the label
+    .suggestion = add `:` after the label
 
-parse_enum_pattern_instead_of_identifier = expected identifier, found enum pattern
+parse_return_types_use_thin_arrow = return types are denoted using `->`
+    .suggestion = use `->` instead
 
-parse_dot_dot_dot_for_remaining_fields = expected field pattern, found `{$token_str}`
-    .suggestion = to omit remaining fields, use `..`
+parse_self_argument_pointer = cannot pass `self` by raw pointer
+    .label = cannot pass `self` by raw pointer
 
-parse_expected_comma_after_pattern_field = expected `,`
+parse_self_param_not_first = unexpected `self` parameter in function
+    .label = must be the first parameter of an associated function
 
-parse_return_types_use_thin_arrow = return types are denoted using `->`
-    .suggestion = use `->` instead
+parse_shift_interpreted_as_generic =
+    `<<` is interpreted as a start of generic arguments for `{$type}`, not a shift
+    .label_args = interpreted as generic arguments
+    .label_comparison = not interpreted as shift
+    .suggestion = try shifting the cast value
 
-parse_need_plus_after_trait_object_lifetime = lifetime in trait object type must be followed by `+`
+parse_single_colon_import_path = expected `::`, found `:`
+    .suggestion = use double colon
+    .note = import paths are delimited using `::`
 
-parse_expected_mut_or_const_in_raw_pointer_type = expected `mut` or `const` keyword in raw pointer type
-    .suggestion = add `mut` or `const` here
+parse_single_colon_struct_type = found single colon in a struct field type path
+    .suggestion = write a path separator here
 
-parse_lifetime_after_mut = lifetime must precede `mut`
-    .suggestion = place the lifetime before `mut`
+parse_struct_literal_body_without_path =
+    struct literal body without path
+    .suggestion = you might have forgotten to add the struct literal inside the block
 
-parse_dyn_after_mut = `mut` must precede `dyn`
-    .suggestion = place `mut` before `dyn`
+parse_struct_literal_needing_parens =
+    invalid struct literal
+    .suggestion = you might need to surround the struct literal in parentheses
 
-parse_fn_pointer_cannot_be_const = an `fn` pointer type cannot be `const`
-    .label = `const` because of this
-    .suggestion = remove the `const` qualifier
+parse_struct_literal_not_allowed_here = struct literals are not allowed here
+    .suggestion = surround the struct literal with parentheses
 
-parse_fn_pointer_cannot_be_async = an `fn` pointer type cannot be `async`
-    .label = `async` because of this
-    .suggestion = remove the `async` qualifier
+parse_suffixed_literal_in_attribute = suffixed literals are not allowed in attributes
+    .help = instead of using a suffixed literal (`1u8`, `1.0f32`, etc.), use an unsuffixed version (`1`, `1.0`, etc.)
 
-parse_nested_c_variadic_type = C-variadic type `...` may not be nested inside another type
+parse_sugg_add_let_for_stmt = you might have meant to introduce a new binding
 
-parse_invalid_dyn_keyword = invalid `dyn` keyword
-    .help = `dyn` is only needed at the start of a trait `+`-separated list
-    .suggestion = remove this keyword
+parse_sugg_add_semi = add `;` here
+parse_sugg_change_inner_attr_to_outer = to annotate the {$item}, change the attribute from inner to outer style
 
-parse_help_set_edition_cargo = set `edition = "{$edition}"` in `Cargo.toml`
-parse_help_set_edition_standalone = pass `--edition {$edition}` to `rustc`
-parse_note_edition_guide = for more on editions, read https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide
+parse_sugg_change_this_to_semi = change this to `;`
+parse_sugg_escape_identifier = escape `{$ident_name}` to use it as an identifier
 
-parse_unexpected_token_after_dot = unexpected token: `{$actual}`
+parse_sugg_remove_comma = remove this comma
+parse_sugg_remove_leading_vert_in_pattern = remove the `|`
+parse_sugg_turbofish_syntax = use `::<...>` instead of `<...>` to specify lifetime, type, or const arguments
 
-parse_cannot_be_raw_ident = `{$ident}` cannot be a raw identifier
+parse_sugg_wrap_expression_in_parentheses = wrap the expression in parentheses
 
-parse_cr_doc_comment = bare CR not allowed in {$block ->
-    [true] block doc-comment
-    *[false] doc-comment
-}
+parse_sugg_wrap_pattern_in_parens = wrap the pattern in parentheses
 
-parse_no_digits_literal = no valid digits found for number
+parse_switch_mut_let_order =
+    switch the order of `mut` and `let`
+parse_tilde_const_lifetime = `~const` may only modify trait bounds, not lifetime bounds
 
-parse_invalid_digit_literal = invalid digit for a base {$base} literal
+parse_tilde_is_not_unary_operator = `~` cannot be used as a unary operator
+    .suggestion = use `!` to perform bitwise not
 
-parse_empty_exponent_float = expected at least one digit in exponent
+parse_too_many_hashes = too many `#` symbols: raw strings may be delimited by up to 255 `#` symbols, but found {$num}
 
-parse_float_literal_unsupported_base = {$base} float literal is not supported
+parse_too_short_hex_escape = numeric character escape is too short
 
-parse_more_than_one_char = character literal may only contain one codepoint
-    .followed_by = this `{$chr}` is followed by the combining {$len ->
-        [one] mark
-        *[other] marks
-        } `{$escaped_marks}`
-    .non_printing = there are non-printing characters, the full sequence is `{$escaped}`
-    .consider_normalized = consider using the normalized form `{$ch}` of this character
-    .remove_non = consider removing the non-printing characters
-    .use_double_quotes = if you meant to write a {$is_byte ->
-        [true] byte string
-        *[false] `str`
-        } literal, use double quotes
+parse_trailing_vert_not_allowed = a trailing `|` is not allowed in an or-pattern
+    .suggestion = remove the `{$token}`
 
-parse_no_brace_unicode_escape = incorrect unicode escape sequence
-    .label = {parse_no_brace_unicode_escape}
-    .use_braces = format of unicode escape sequences uses braces
-    .format_of_unicode = format of unicode escape sequences is `\u{"{...}"}`
+parse_trait_alias_cannot_be_auto = trait aliases cannot be `auto`
+parse_trait_alias_cannot_be_unsafe = trait aliases cannot be `unsafe`
 
-parse_invalid_unicode_escape = invalid unicode character escape
-    .label = invalid escape
-    .help = unicode escape must {$surrogate ->
-    [true] not be a surrogate
-    *[false] be at most 10FFFF
-    }
+parse_type_ascription_removed =
+    if you meant to annotate an expression with a type, the type ascription syntax has been removed, see issue #101728 <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/101728>
 
-parse_escape_only_char = {$byte ->
-    [true] byte
-    *[false] character
-    } constant must be escaped: `{$escaped_msg}`
-    .escape = escape the character
+parse_unclosed_unicode_escape = unterminated unicode escape
+    .label = missing a closing `{"}"}`
+    .terminate = terminate the unicode escape
 
-parse_bare_cr = {$double_quotes ->
-    [true] bare CR not allowed in string, use `\r` instead
-    *[false] character constant must be escaped: `\r`
-    }
-    .escape = escape the character
+parse_underscore_literal_suffix = underscore literal suffix is not allowed
 
-parse_bare_cr_in_raw_string = bare CR not allowed in raw string
+parse_unexpected_const_in_generic_param = expected lifetime, type, or constant, found keyword `const`
+    .suggestion = the `const` keyword is only needed in the definition of the type
 
-parse_too_short_hex_escape = numeric character escape is too short
+parse_unexpected_const_param_declaration = unexpected `const` parameter declaration
+    .label = expected a `const` expression, not a parameter declaration
+    .suggestion = `const` parameters must be declared for the `impl`
 
-parse_invalid_char_in_escape = {parse_invalid_char_in_escape_msg}: `{$ch}`
-    .label = {parse_invalid_char_in_escape_msg}
+parse_unexpected_default_value_for_lifetime_in_generic_parameters = unexpected default lifetime parameter
+    .label = lifetime parameters cannot have default values
 
-parse_invalid_char_in_escape_msg = invalid character in {$is_hex ->
-    [true] numeric character
-    *[false] unicode
-    } escape
+parse_unexpected_if_with_if = unexpected `if` in the condition expression
+    .suggestion = remove the `if`
 
-parse_out_of_range_hex_escape = out of range hex escape
-    .label = must be a character in the range [\x00-\x7f]
+parse_unexpected_lifetime_in_pattern = unexpected lifetime `{$symbol}` in pattern
+    .suggestion = remove the lifetime
 
-parse_leading_underscore_unicode_escape = {parse_leading_underscore_unicode_escape_label}: `_`
-parse_leading_underscore_unicode_escape_label = invalid start of unicode escape
+parse_unexpected_parentheses_in_for_head = unexpected parentheses surrounding `for` loop head
+    .suggestion = remove parentheses in `for` loop
 
-parse_overlong_unicode_escape = overlong unicode escape
-    .label = must have at most 6 hex digits
+parse_unexpected_self_in_generic_parameters = unexpected keyword `Self` in generic parameters
+    .note = you cannot use `Self` as a generic parameter because it is reserved for associated items
 
-parse_unclosed_unicode_escape = unterminated unicode escape
-    .label = missing a closing `{"}"}`
-    .terminate = terminate the unicode escape
+parse_unexpected_token_after_dot = unexpected token: `{$actual}`
 
-parse_unicode_escape_in_byte = unicode escape in byte string
-    .label = {parse_unicode_escape_in_byte}
-    .help = unicode escape sequences cannot be used as a byte or in a byte string
+parse_unexpected_token_after_label = expected `while`, `for`, `loop` or `{"{"}` after a label
+    .suggestion_remove_label = consider removing the label
+    .suggestion_enclose_in_block = consider enclosing expression in a block
 
-parse_empty_unicode_escape = empty unicode escape
-    .label = this escape must have at least 1 hex digit
+parse_unexpected_token_after_not = unexpected {$negated_desc} after identifier
+parse_unexpected_token_after_not_bitwise = use `!` to perform bitwise not
+parse_unexpected_token_after_not_default = use `!` to perform logical negation or bitwise not
 
-parse_zero_chars = empty character literal
-    .label = {parse_zero_chars}
+parse_unexpected_token_after_not_logical = use `!` to perform logical negation
+parse_unexpected_token_after_struct_name = expected `where`, `{"{"}`, `(`, or `;` after struct name
+parse_unexpected_token_after_struct_name_found_doc_comment = expected `where`, `{"{"}`, `(`, or `;` after struct name, found doc comment `{$token}`
+parse_unexpected_token_after_struct_name_found_keyword = expected `where`, `{"{"}`, `(`, or `;` after struct name, found keyword `{$token}`
+parse_unexpected_token_after_struct_name_found_other = expected `where`, `{"{"}`, `(`, or `;` after struct name, found `{$token}`
 
-parse_lone_slash = invalid trailing slash in literal
-    .label = {parse_lone_slash}
+parse_unexpected_token_after_struct_name_found_reserved_identifier = expected `where`, `{"{"}`, `(`, or `;` after struct name, found reserved identifier `{$token}`
+parse_unexpected_token_after_struct_name_found_reserved_keyword = expected `where`, `{"{"}`, `(`, or `;` after struct name, found reserved keyword `{$token}`
+parse_unexpected_vert_vert_before_function_parameter = unexpected `||` before function parameter
+    .suggestion = remove the `||`
 
-parse_unskipped_whitespace = whitespace symbol '{$ch}' is not skipped
-    .label = {parse_unskipped_whitespace}
+parse_unexpected_vert_vert_in_pattern = unexpected token `||` in pattern
+    .suggestion = use a single `|` to separate multiple alternative patterns
 
-parse_multiple_skipped_lines = multiple lines skipped by escaped newline
-    .label = skipping everything up to and including this point
+parse_unicode_escape_in_byte = unicode escape in byte string
+    .label = {parse_unicode_escape_in_byte}
+    .help = unicode escape sequences cannot be used as a byte or in a byte string
+
+parse_unknown_builtin_construct = unknown `builtin #` construct `{$name}`
 
 parse_unknown_prefix = prefix `{$prefix}` is unknown
     .label = unknown prefix
@@ -728,8 +803,6 @@ parse_unknown_prefix = prefix `{$prefix}` is unknown
     .suggestion_br = use `br` for a raw byte string
     .suggestion_whitespace = consider inserting whitespace here
 
-parse_too_many_hashes = too many `#` symbols: raw strings may be delimited by up to 255 `#` symbols, but found {$num}
-
 parse_unknown_start_of_token = unknown start of token: {$escaped}
     .sugg_quotes = Unicode characters '“' (Left Double Quotation Mark) and '”' (Right Double Quotation Mark) look like '{$ascii_str}' ({$ascii_name}), but are not
     .sugg_other = Unicode character '{$ch}' ({$u_name}) looks like '{$ascii_str}' ({$ascii_name}), but it is not
@@ -739,94 +812,6 @@ parse_unknown_start_of_token = unknown start of token: {$escaped}
         *[other] {$repeats} more times
     }
 
-parse_box_syntax_removed = `box_syntax` has been removed
-    .suggestion = use `Box::new()` instead
-
-parse_bad_return_type_notation_output =
-    return type not allowed with return type notation
-    .suggestion = remove the return type
-
-parse_bad_return_type_notation_dotdot =
-    return type notation uses `()` instead of `(..)` for elided arguments
-    .suggestion = remove the `..`
-
-parse_bad_assoc_type_bounds = bounds on associated types do not belong here
-    .label = belongs in `where` clause
-
-parse_attr_after_generic = trailing attribute after generic parameter
-    .label = attributes must go before parameters
-
-parse_attr_without_generics = attribute without generic parameters
-    .label = attributes are only permitted when preceding parameters
-
-parse_where_generics = generic parameters on `where` clauses are reserved for future use
-    .label = currently unsupported
-
-parse_generics_in_path = unexpected generic arguments in path
-
-parse_assoc_lifetime = associated lifetimes are not supported
-    .label = the lifetime is given here
-    .help = if you meant to specify a trait object, write `dyn Trait + 'lifetime`
-
-parse_tilde_const_lifetime = `~const` may only modify trait bounds, not lifetime bounds
-
-parse_modifier_lifetime = `{$sigil}` may only modify trait bounds, not lifetime bounds
-    .suggestion = remove the `{$sigil}`
-
-parse_parenthesized_lifetime = parenthesized lifetime bounds are not supported
-    .suggestion = remove the parentheses
-
-parse_const_bounds_missing_tilde = const bounds must start with `~`
-    .suggestion = add `~`
-
-parse_underscore_literal_suffix = underscore literal suffix is not allowed
-
-parse_expect_label_found_ident = expected a label, found an identifier
-    .suggestion = labels start with a tick
-
-parse_inappropriate_default = {$article} {$descr} cannot be `default`
-    .label = `default` because of this
-    .note = only associated `fn`, `const`, and `type` items can be `default`
-
-parse_recover_import_as_use = expected item, found {$token_name}
-    .suggestion = items are imported using the `use` keyword
-
-parse_single_colon_import_path = expected `::`, found `:`
-    .suggestion = use double colon
-    .note = import paths are delimited using `::`
-
-parse_bad_item_kind = {$descr} is not supported in {$ctx}
-    .help = consider moving the {$descr} out to a nearby module scope
-
-parse_single_colon_struct_type = found single colon in a struct field type path
-    .suggestion = write a path separator here
-
-parse_equals_struct_default = default values on `struct` fields aren't supported
-    .suggestion = remove this unsupported default value
-
-parse_macro_rules_missing_bang = expected `!` after `macro_rules`
-    .suggestion = add a `!`
-
-parse_macro_name_remove_bang = macro names aren't followed by a `!`
-    .suggestion = remove the `!`
-
-parse_macro_rules_visibility = can't qualify macro_rules invocation with `{$vis}`
-    .suggestion = try exporting the macro
-
-parse_macro_invocation_visibility = can't qualify macro invocation with `pub`
-    .suggestion = remove the visibility
-    .help = try adjusting the macro to put `{$vis}` inside the invocation
-
-parse_nested_adt = `{$kw_str}` definition cannot be nested inside `{$keyword}`
-    .suggestion = consider creating a new `{$kw_str}` definition instead of nesting
-
-parse_function_body_equals_expr = function body cannot be `= expression;`
-    .suggestion = surround the expression with `{"{"}` and `{"}"}` instead of `=` and `;`
-
-parse_box_not_pat = expected pattern, found {$descr}
-    .note = `box` is a reserved keyword
-    .suggestion = escape `box` to use it as an identifier
-
 parse_unmatched_angle = unmatched angle {$plural ->
     [true] brackets
     *[false] bracket
@@ -836,19 +821,39 @@ parse_unmatched_angle = unmatched angle {$plural ->
     *[false] bracket
     }
 
-parse_missing_plus_in_bounds = expected `+` between lifetime and {$sym}
-    .suggestion = add `+`
+parse_unmatched_angle_brackets = {$num_extra_brackets ->
+        [one] unmatched angle bracket
+       *[other] unmatched angle brackets
+    }
+    .suggestion = {$num_extra_brackets ->
+            [one] remove extra angle bracket
+           *[other] remove extra angle brackets
+        }
 
-parse_incorrect_braces_trait_bounds = incorrect braces around trait bounds
-    .suggestion = remove the parentheses
+parse_unskipped_whitespace = whitespace symbol '{$ch}' is not skipped
+    .label = {parse_unskipped_whitespace}
 
-parse_kw_bad_case = keyword `{$kw}` is written in the wrong case
-    .suggestion = write it in the correct case
+parse_use_empty_block_not_semi = expected { "`{}`" }, found `;`
+    .suggestion = try using { "`{}`" } instead
 
-parse_meta_bad_delim = wrong meta list delimiters
-parse_cfg_attr_bad_delim = wrong `cfg_attr` delimiters
-parse_meta_bad_delim_suggestion = the delimiters should be `(` and `)`
+parse_use_eq_instead = unexpected `==`
+    .suggestion = try using `=` instead
 
-parse_malformed_cfg_attr = malformed `cfg_attr` attribute input
-    .suggestion = missing condition and attribute
-    .note = for more information, visit <https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/conditional-compilation.html#the-cfg_attr-attribute>
+parse_use_let_not_auto = write `let` instead of `auto` to introduce a new variable
+parse_use_let_not_var = write `let` instead of `var` to introduce a new variable
+
+parse_visibility_not_followed_by_item = visibility `{$vis}` is not followed by an item
+    .label = the visibility
+    .help = you likely meant to define an item, e.g., `{$vis} fn foo() {"{}"}`
+
+parse_where_clause_before_tuple_struct_body = where clauses are not allowed before tuple struct bodies
+    .label = unexpected where clause
+    .name_label = while parsing this tuple struct
+    .body_label = the struct body
+    .suggestion = move the body before the where clause
+
+parse_where_generics = generic parameters on `where` clauses are reserved for future use
+    .label = currently unsupported
+
+parse_zero_chars = empty character literal
+    .label = {parse_zero_chars}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/errors.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/errors.rs
index b6aeaf3d59f..84494eab855 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/errors.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/errors.rs
@@ -1520,6 +1520,16 @@ pub(crate) struct ExpectedTraitInTraitImplFoundType {
 }
 
 #[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(parse_extra_impl_keyword_in_trait_impl)]
+pub(crate) struct ExtraImplKeywordInTraitImpl {
+    #[primary_span]
+    #[suggestion(code = "", applicability = "maybe-incorrect")]
+    pub extra_impl_kw: Span,
+    #[note]
+    pub impl_trait_span: Span,
+}
+
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
 #[diag(parse_bounds_not_allowed_on_trait_aliases)]
 pub(crate) struct BoundsNotAllowedOnTraitAliases {
     #[primary_span]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/lexer/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/lexer/mod.rs
index 51e90489002..c6e6b46e455 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/lexer/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/lexer/mod.rs
@@ -662,7 +662,7 @@ impl<'a> StringReader<'a> {
                 &RUST_2021_PREFIXES_INCOMPATIBLE_SYNTAX,
                 prefix_span,
                 ast::CRATE_NODE_ID,
-                &format!("prefix `{prefix}` is unknown"),
+                format!("prefix `{prefix}` is unknown"),
                 BuiltinLintDiagnostics::ReservedPrefix(prefix_span),
             );
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/attr_wrapper.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/attr_wrapper.rs
index b0ab0f10624..1e6ac54964f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/attr_wrapper.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/attr_wrapper.rs
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ fn has_cfg_or_cfg_attr(attrs: &[Attribute]) -> bool {
     // Therefore, the absence of a literal `cfg` or `cfg_attr` guarantees that
     // we don't need to do any eager expansion.
     attrs.iter().any(|attr| {
-        attr.ident().map_or(false, |ident| ident.name == sym::cfg || ident.name == sym::cfg_attr)
+        attr.ident().is_some_and(|ident| ident.name == sym::cfg || ident.name == sym::cfg_attr)
     })
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/diagnostics.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/diagnostics.rs
index 3002f23da75..c1454039685 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/diagnostics.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/diagnostics.rs
@@ -238,6 +238,7 @@ impl<'a> DerefMut for SnapshotParser<'a> {
 
 impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
     #[rustc_lint_diagnostics]
+    #[track_caller]
     pub fn struct_span_err<S: Into<MultiSpan>>(
         &self,
         sp: S,
@@ -844,7 +845,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         //
         // `x.foo::<u32>>>(3)`
         let parsed_angle_bracket_args =
-            segment.args.as_ref().map_or(false, |args| args.is_angle_bracketed());
+            segment.args.as_ref().is_some_and(|args| args.is_angle_bracketed());
 
         debug!(
             "check_trailing_angle_brackets: parsed_angle_bracket_args={:?}",
@@ -2609,7 +2610,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         let TyKind::Path(qself, path) = &ty.kind else { return Ok(()) };
         let qself_position = qself.as_ref().map(|qself| qself.position);
         for (i, segments) in path.segments.windows(2).enumerate() {
-            if qself_position.map(|pos| i < pos).unwrap_or(false) {
+            if qself_position.is_some_and(|pos| i < pos) {
                 continue;
             }
             if let [a, b] = segments {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/expr.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/expr.rs
index 887e155426f..1b28f3c97e8 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/expr.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/expr.rs
@@ -1180,11 +1180,15 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                         self.restore_snapshot(snapshot);
                         let close_paren = self.prev_token.span;
                         let span = lo.to(close_paren);
+                        // filter shorthand fields
+                        let fields: Vec<_> =
+                            fields.into_iter().filter(|field| !field.is_shorthand).collect();
+
                         if !fields.is_empty() &&
                             // `token.kind` should not be compared here.
                             // This is because the `snapshot.token.kind` is treated as the same as
                             // that of the open delim in `TokenTreesReader::parse_token_tree`, even if they are different.
-                            self.span_to_snippet(close_paren).map_or(false, |snippet| snippet == ")")
+                            self.span_to_snippet(close_paren).is_ok_and(|snippet| snippet == ")")
                         {
                             let mut replacement_err = errors::ParenthesesWithStructFields {
                                 span,
@@ -2074,7 +2078,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                     // Therefore, `token.kind` should not be compared here.
                     if snapshot
                         .span_to_snippet(snapshot.token.span)
-                        .map_or(false, |snippet| snippet == "]") =>
+                        .is_ok_and(|snippet| snippet == "]") =>
                 {
                     return Err(errors::MissingSemicolonBeforeArray {
                         open_delim: open_delim_span,
@@ -2769,7 +2773,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                 // We might have a `=>` -> `=` or `->` typo (issue #89396).
                 if TokenKind::FatArrow
                     .similar_tokens()
-                    .map_or(false, |similar_tokens| similar_tokens.contains(&this.token.kind))
+                    .is_some_and(|similar_tokens| similar_tokens.contains(&this.token.kind))
                 {
                     err.span_suggestion(
                         this.token.span,
@@ -3055,7 +3059,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                 }
             };
 
-            let is_shorthand = parsed_field.as_ref().map_or(false, |f| f.is_shorthand);
+            let is_shorthand = parsed_field.as_ref().is_some_and(|f| f.is_shorthand);
             // A shorthand field can be turned into a full field with `:`.
             // We should point this out.
             self.check_or_expected(!is_shorthand, TokenType::Token(token::Colon));
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/generics.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/generics.rs
index e6d0f9fbc76..8ab38c4fb8b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/generics.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/generics.rs
@@ -43,6 +43,15 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
     fn parse_ty_param(&mut self, preceding_attrs: AttrVec) -> PResult<'a, GenericParam> {
         let ident = self.parse_ident()?;
 
+        // We might have a typo'd `Const` that was parsed as a type parameter.
+        if self.may_recover()
+            && ident.name.as_str().to_ascii_lowercase() == kw::Const.as_str()
+            && self.check_ident()
+        // `Const` followed by IDENT
+        {
+            return Ok(self.recover_const_param_with_mistyped_const(preceding_attrs, ident)?);
+        }
+
         // Parse optional colon and param bounds.
         let mut colon_span = None;
         let bounds = if self.eat(&token::Colon) {
@@ -120,6 +129,41 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         })
     }
 
+    pub(crate) fn recover_const_param_with_mistyped_const(
+        &mut self,
+        preceding_attrs: AttrVec,
+        mistyped_const_ident: Ident,
+    ) -> PResult<'a, GenericParam> {
+        let ident = self.parse_ident()?;
+        self.expect(&token::Colon)?;
+        let ty = self.parse_ty()?;
+
+        // Parse optional const generics default value.
+        let default = if self.eat(&token::Eq) { Some(self.parse_const_arg()?) } else { None };
+
+        let mut err = self.struct_span_err(
+            mistyped_const_ident.span,
+            format!("`const` keyword was mistyped as `{}`", mistyped_const_ident.as_str()),
+        );
+        err.span_suggestion_verbose(
+            mistyped_const_ident.span,
+            "use the `const` keyword",
+            kw::Const.as_str(),
+            Applicability::MachineApplicable,
+        );
+        err.emit();
+
+        Ok(GenericParam {
+            ident,
+            id: ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID,
+            attrs: preceding_attrs,
+            bounds: Vec::new(),
+            kind: GenericParamKind::Const { ty, kw_span: mistyped_const_ident.span, default },
+            is_placeholder: false,
+            colon_span: None,
+        })
+    }
+
     /// Parses a (possibly empty) list of lifetime and type parameters, possibly including
     /// a trailing comma and erroneous trailing attributes.
     pub(super) fn parse_generic_params(&mut self) -> PResult<'a, ThinVec<ast::GenericParam>> {
@@ -453,6 +497,8 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         //     `<` (LIFETIME|IDENT) `:` - generic parameter with bounds
         //     `<` (LIFETIME|IDENT) `=` - generic parameter with a default
         //     `<` const                - generic const parameter
+        //     `<` IDENT `?`            - RECOVERY for `impl<T ?Bound` missing a `:`, meant to
+        //                                avoid the `T?` to `Option<T>` recovery for types.
         // The only truly ambiguous case is
         //     `<` IDENT `>` `::` IDENT ...
         // we disambiguate it in favor of generics (`impl<T> ::absolute::Path<T> { ... }`)
@@ -463,6 +509,9 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                 || self.look_ahead(start + 1, |t| t.is_lifetime() || t.is_ident())
                     && self.look_ahead(start + 2, |t| {
                         matches!(t.kind, token::Gt | token::Comma | token::Colon | token::Eq)
+                        // Recovery-only branch -- this could be removed,
+                        // since it only affects diagnostics currently.
+                            || matches!(t.kind, token::Question)
                     })
                 || self.is_keyword_ahead(start + 1, &[kw::Const]))
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/item.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/item.rs
index 840cfe90899..3783ec41b7e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/item.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/item.rs
@@ -603,10 +603,24 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                 let path = match ty_first.kind {
                     // This notably includes paths passed through `ty` macro fragments (#46438).
                     TyKind::Path(None, path) => path,
-                    _ => {
-                        self.sess.emit_err(errors::ExpectedTraitInTraitImplFoundType {
-                            span: ty_first.span,
-                        });
+                    other => {
+                        if let TyKind::ImplTrait(_, bounds) = other
+                            && let [bound] = bounds.as_slice()
+                        {
+                            // Suggest removing extra `impl` keyword:
+                            // `impl<T: Default> impl Default for Wrapper<T>`
+                            //                   ^^^^^
+                            let extra_impl_kw = ty_first.span.until(bound.span());
+                            self.sess
+                                .emit_err(errors::ExtraImplKeywordInTraitImpl {
+                                    extra_impl_kw,
+                                    impl_trait_span: ty_first.span
+                                });
+                        } else {
+                            self.sess.emit_err(errors::ExpectedTraitInTraitImplFoundType {
+                                span: ty_first.span,
+                            });
+                        }
                         err_path(ty_first.span)
                     }
                 };
@@ -685,7 +699,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                         // ```
                         && self
                             .span_to_snippet(self.prev_token.span)
-                            .map_or(false, |snippet| snippet == "}")
+                            .is_ok_and(|snippet| snippet == "}")
                         && self.token.kind == token::Semi;
                     let mut semicolon_span = self.token.span;
                     if !is_unnecessary_semicolon {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/mod.rs
index 0c265d7af0e..c23420661fa 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/mod.rs
@@ -536,7 +536,9 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         } else if inedible.contains(&self.token.kind) {
             // leave it in the input
             Ok(false)
-        } else if self.last_unexpected_token_span == Some(self.token.span) {
+        } else if self.token.kind != token::Eof
+            && self.last_unexpected_token_span == Some(self.token.span)
+        {
             FatalError.raise();
         } else {
             self.expected_one_of_not_found(edible, inedible)
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/stmt.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/stmt.rs
index 03279124177..9fcf51a04ec 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/stmt.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/stmt.rs
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ use rustc_errors::{Applicability, DiagnosticBuilder, ErrorGuaranteed, PResult};
 use rustc_span::source_map::{BytePos, Span};
 use rustc_span::symbol::{kw, sym, Ident};
 
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::mem;
 use thin_vec::{thin_vec, ThinVec};
 
@@ -40,7 +41,8 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
 
     /// If `force_collect` is [`ForceCollect::Yes`], forces collection of tokens regardless of whether
     /// or not we have attributes
-    pub(crate) fn parse_stmt_without_recovery(
+    // Public for `cfg_eval` macro expansion.
+    pub fn parse_stmt_without_recovery(
         &mut self,
         capture_semi: bool,
         force_collect: ForceCollect,
@@ -363,7 +365,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                         // `let...else if`. Emit the same error that `parse_block()` would,
                         // but explicitly point out that this pattern is not allowed.
                         let msg = "conditional `else if` is not supported for `let...else`";
-                        return Err(self.error_block_no_opening_brace_msg(msg));
+                        return Err(self.error_block_no_opening_brace_msg(Cow::from(msg)));
                     }
                     let els = self.parse_block()?;
                     self.check_let_else_init_bool_expr(&init);
@@ -437,7 +439,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
 
     fn error_block_no_opening_brace_msg(
         &mut self,
-        msg: &str,
+        msg: Cow<'static, str>,
     ) -> DiagnosticBuilder<'a, ErrorGuaranteed> {
         let sp = self.token.span;
         let mut e = self.struct_span_err(sp, msg);
@@ -501,7 +503,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
     fn error_block_no_opening_brace<T>(&mut self) -> PResult<'a, T> {
         let tok = super::token_descr(&self.token);
         let msg = format!("expected `{{`, found {}", tok);
-        Err(self.error_block_no_opening_brace_msg(&msg))
+        Err(self.error_block_no_opening_brace_msg(Cow::from(msg)))
     }
 
     /// Parses a block. Inner attributes are allowed.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/validate_attr.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/validate_attr.rs
index 982c4615aff..928fdce313d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/validate_attr.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/validate_attr.rs
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ fn emit_malformed_attribute(
         suggestions.push(code);
     }
     if should_warn(name) {
-        sess.buffer_lint(&ILL_FORMED_ATTRIBUTE_INPUT, span, ast::CRATE_NODE_ID, &msg);
+        sess.buffer_lint(&ILL_FORMED_ATTRIBUTE_INPUT, span, ast::CRATE_NODE_ID, msg);
     } else {
         sess.span_diagnostic
             .struct_span_err(span, error_msg)
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_passes/messages.ftl
index 40680150601..7f9222dac6c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/messages.ftl
@@ -4,118 +4,185 @@
 -passes_see_issue =
     see issue #{$issue} <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/{$issue}> for more information
 
-passes_incorrect_do_not_recommend_location =
-    `#[do_not_recommend]` can only be placed on trait implementations
+passes_abi =
+    abi: {$abi}
 
-passes_outer_crate_level_attr =
-    crate-level attribute should be an inner attribute: add an exclamation mark: `#![foo]`
+passes_align =
+    align: {$align}
 
-passes_inner_crate_level_attr =
-    crate-level attribute should be in the root module
+passes_allow_incoherent_impl =
+    `rustc_allow_incoherent_impl` attribute should be applied to impl items.
+    .label = the only currently supported targets are inherent methods
 
-passes_ignored_attr_with_macro =
-    `#[{$sym}]` is ignored on struct fields, match arms and macro defs
-    .warn = {-passes_previously_accepted}
-    .note = {-passes_see_issue(issue: "80564")}
+passes_allow_internal_unstable =
+    attribute should be applied to a macro
+    .label = not a macro
 
-passes_ignored_attr =
-    `#[{$sym}]` is ignored on struct fields and match arms
-    .warn = {-passes_previously_accepted}
-    .note = {-passes_see_issue(issue: "80564")}
+passes_attr_application_enum =
+    attribute should be applied to an enum
+    .label = not an enum
 
-passes_inline_ignored_function_prototype =
-    `#[inline]` is ignored on function prototypes
+passes_attr_application_struct =
+    attribute should be applied to a struct
+    .label = not a struct
 
-passes_inline_ignored_constants =
-    `#[inline]` is ignored on constants
-    .warn = {-passes_previously_accepted}
-    .note = {-passes_see_issue(issue: "65833")}
+passes_attr_application_struct_enum_function_method_union =
+    attribute should be applied to a struct, enum, function, associated function, or union
+    .label = not a struct, enum, function, associated function, or union
 
-passes_inline_not_fn_or_closure =
-    attribute should be applied to function or closure
-    .label = not a function or closure
+passes_attr_application_struct_enum_union =
+    attribute should be applied to a struct, enum, or union
+    .label = not a struct, enum, or union
 
-passes_no_coverage_ignored_function_prototype =
-    `#[no_coverage]` is ignored on function prototypes
+passes_attr_application_struct_union =
+    attribute should be applied to a struct or union
+    .label = not a struct or union
 
-passes_no_coverage_propagate =
-    `#[no_coverage]` does not propagate into items and must be applied to the contained functions directly
+passes_attr_crate_level =
+    this attribute can only be applied at the crate level
+    .suggestion = to apply to the crate, use an inner attribute
+    .note = read <https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/rustdoc/the-doc-attribute.html#at-the-crate-level> for more information
 
-passes_no_coverage_fn_defn =
-    `#[no_coverage]` may only be applied to function definitions
+passes_attr_only_in_functions =
+    `{$attr}` attribute can only be used on functions
 
-passes_no_coverage_not_coverable =
-    `#[no_coverage]` must be applied to coverable code
-    .label = not coverable code
+passes_attr_only_on_main =
+    `{$attr}` attribute can only be used on `fn main()`
 
-passes_should_be_applied_to_fn =
-    attribute should be applied to a function definition
-    .label = {$on_crate ->
-        [true] cannot be applied to crates
-        *[false] not a function definition
-    }
+passes_attr_only_on_root_main =
+    `{$attr}` attribute can only be used on root `fn main()`
 
-passes_naked_tracked_caller =
-    cannot use `#[track_caller]` with `#[naked]`
+passes_both_ffi_const_and_pure =
+    `#[ffi_const]` function cannot be `#[ffi_pure]`
 
-passes_should_be_applied_to_struct_enum =
-    attribute should be applied to a struct or enum
-    .label = not a struct or enum
+passes_break_inside_async_block =
+    `{$name}` inside of an `async` block
+    .label = cannot `{$name}` inside of an `async` block
+    .async_block_label = enclosing `async` block
 
-passes_should_be_applied_to_trait =
-    attribute should be applied to a trait
-    .label = not a trait
+passes_break_inside_closure =
+    `{$name}` inside of a closure
+    .label = cannot `{$name}` inside of a closure
+    .closure_label = enclosing closure
 
-passes_target_feature_on_statement =
+passes_break_non_loop =
+    `break` with value from a `{$kind}` loop
+    .label = can only break with a value inside `loop` or breakable block
+    .label2 = you can't `break` with a value in a `{$kind}` loop
+    .suggestion = use `break` on its own without a value inside this `{$kind}` loop
+    .break_expr_suggestion = alternatively, you might have meant to use the available loop label
+
+passes_cannot_inline_naked_function =
+    naked functions cannot be inlined
+
+passes_cannot_stabilize_deprecated =
+    an API can't be stabilized after it is deprecated
+    .label = invalid version
+    .item = the stability attribute annotates this item
+
+passes_change_fields_to_be_of_unit_type =
+    consider changing the { $num ->
+      [one] field
+     *[other] fields
+    } to be of unit type to suppress this warning while preserving the field numbering, or remove the { $num ->
+      [one] field
+     *[other] fields
+    }
+
+passes_cold =
     {passes_should_be_applied_to_fn}
     .warn = {-passes_previously_accepted}
     .label = {passes_should_be_applied_to_fn.label}
 
-passes_should_be_applied_to_static =
-    attribute should be applied to a static
-    .label = not a static
+passes_collapse_debuginfo =
+    `collapse_debuginfo` attribute should be applied to macro definitions
+    .label = not a macro definition
 
-passes_doc_expect_str =
-    doc {$attr_name} attribute expects a string: #[doc({$attr_name} = "a")]
+passes_const_impl_const_trait =
+    const `impl`s must be for traits marked with `#[const_trait]`
+    .note = this trait must be annotated with `#[const_trait]`
 
-passes_doc_alias_empty =
-    {$attr_str} attribute cannot have empty value
+passes_const_trait =
+    attribute should be applied to a trait
+
+passes_continue_labeled_block =
+    `continue` pointing to a labeled block
+    .label = labeled blocks cannot be `continue`'d
+    .block_label = labeled block the `continue` points to
+
+passes_dead_codes =
+    { $multiple ->
+      *[true] multiple {$descr}s are
+       [false] { $num ->
+         [one] {$descr} {$name_list} is
+        *[other] {$descr}s {$name_list} are
+       }
+    } never {$participle}
+
+passes_debug_visualizer_invalid =
+    invalid argument
+    .note_1 = expected: `natvis_file = "..."`
+    .note_2 = OR
+    .note_3 = expected: `gdb_script_file = "..."`
+
+passes_debug_visualizer_placement =
+    attribute should be applied to a module
+
+passes_debug_visualizer_unreadable =
+    couldn't read {$file}: {$error}
+
+passes_deprecated =
+    attribute is ignored here
+
+passes_deprecated_annotation_has_no_effect =
+    this `#[deprecated]` annotation has no effect
+    .suggestion = remove the unnecessary deprecation attribute
+
+passes_deprecated_attribute =
+    deprecated attribute must be paired with either stable or unstable attribute
+
+passes_diagnostic_item_first_defined =
+    the diagnostic item is first defined here
 
 passes_doc_alias_bad_char =
     {$char_} character isn't allowed in {$attr_str}
 
-passes_doc_alias_start_end =
-    {$attr_str} cannot start or end with ' '
-
 passes_doc_alias_bad_location =
     {$attr_str} isn't allowed on {$location}
 
-passes_doc_alias_not_an_alias =
-    {$attr_str} is the same as the item's name
-
 passes_doc_alias_duplicated = doc alias is duplicated
     .label = first defined here
 
-passes_doc_alias_not_string_literal =
-    `#[doc(alias("a"))]` expects string literals
+passes_doc_alias_empty =
+    {$attr_str} attribute cannot have empty value
 
 passes_doc_alias_malformed =
     doc alias attribute expects a string `#[doc(alias = "a")]` or a list of strings `#[doc(alias("a", "b"))]`
 
-passes_doc_keyword_empty_mod =
-    `#[doc(keyword = "...")]` should be used on empty modules
+passes_doc_alias_not_an_alias =
+    {$attr_str} is the same as the item's name
 
-passes_doc_keyword_not_mod =
-    `#[doc(keyword = "...")]` should be used on modules
+passes_doc_alias_not_string_literal =
+    `#[doc(alias("a"))]` expects string literals
 
-passes_doc_keyword_invalid_ident =
-    `{$doc_keyword}` is not a valid identifier
+passes_doc_alias_start_end =
+    {$attr_str} cannot start or end with ' '
+
+passes_doc_attr_not_crate_level =
+    `#![doc({$attr_name} = "...")]` isn't allowed as a crate-level attribute
+
+passes_doc_cfg_hide_takes_list =
+    `#[doc(cfg_hide(...)]` takes a list of attributes
+
+passes_doc_expect_str =
+    doc {$attr_name} attribute expects a string: #[doc({$attr_name} = "a")]
 
 passes_doc_fake_variadic_not_valid =
     `#[doc(fake_variadic)]` must be used on the first of a set of tuple or fn pointer trait impls with varying arity
 
-passes_doc_keyword_only_impl =
-    `#[doc(keyword = "...")]` should be used on impl blocks
+passes_doc_inline_conflict =
+    conflicting doc inlining attributes
+    .help = remove one of the conflicting attributes
 
 passes_doc_inline_conflict_first =
     this attribute...
@@ -123,383 +190,274 @@ passes_doc_inline_conflict_first =
 passes_doc_inline_conflict_second =
     {"."}..conflicts with this attribute
 
-passes_doc_inline_conflict =
-    conflicting doc inlining attributes
-    .help = remove one of the conflicting attributes
-
 passes_doc_inline_only_use =
     this attribute can only be applied to a `use` item
     .label = only applicable on `use` items
     .not_a_use_item_label = not a `use` item
     .note = read <https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/rustdoc/the-doc-attribute.html#inline-and-no_inline> for more information
 
-passes_doc_attr_not_crate_level =
-    `#![doc({$attr_name} = "...")]` isn't allowed as a crate-level attribute
+passes_doc_invalid =
+    invalid `doc` attribute
 
-passes_attr_crate_level =
-    this attribute can only be applied at the crate level
-    .suggestion = to apply to the crate, use an inner attribute
-    .note = read <https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/rustdoc/the-doc-attribute.html#at-the-crate-level> for more information
+passes_doc_keyword_empty_mod =
+    `#[doc(keyword = "...")]` should be used on empty modules
 
-passes_doc_test_unknown =
-    unknown `doc(test)` attribute `{$path}`
+passes_doc_keyword_invalid_ident =
+    `{$doc_keyword}` is not a valid identifier
+
+passes_doc_keyword_not_mod =
+    `#[doc(keyword = "...")]` should be used on modules
+
+passes_doc_keyword_only_impl =
+    `#[doc(keyword = "...")]` should be used on impl blocks
 
 passes_doc_test_takes_list =
     `#[doc(test(...)]` takes a list of attributes
 
-passes_doc_cfg_hide_takes_list =
-    `#[doc(cfg_hide(...)]` takes a list of attributes
+passes_doc_test_unknown =
+    unknown `doc(test)` attribute `{$path}`
 
 passes_doc_test_unknown_any =
     unknown `doc` attribute `{$path}`
 
+passes_doc_test_unknown_include =
+    unknown `doc` attribute `{$path}`
+    .suggestion = use `doc = include_str!` instead
+
 passes_doc_test_unknown_spotlight =
     unknown `doc` attribute `{$path}`
     .note = `doc(spotlight)` was renamed to `doc(notable_trait)`
     .suggestion = use `notable_trait` instead
     .no_op_note = `doc(spotlight)` is now a no-op
 
-passes_doc_test_unknown_include =
-    unknown `doc` attribute `{$path}`
-    .suggestion = use `doc = include_str!` instead
+passes_duplicate_diagnostic_item_in_crate =
+    duplicate diagnostic item in crate `{$crate_name}`: `{$name}`.
+    .note = the diagnostic item is first defined in crate `{$orig_crate_name}`.
 
-passes_doc_invalid =
-    invalid `doc` attribute
+passes_duplicate_feature_err =
+    the feature `{$feature}` has already been declared
 
-passes_pass_by_value =
-    `pass_by_value` attribute should be applied to a struct, enum or type alias
-    .label = is not a struct, enum or type alias
+passes_duplicate_lang_item =
+    found duplicate lang item `{$lang_item_name}`
+    .first_defined_span = the lang item is first defined here
+    .first_defined_crate_depends = the lang item is first defined in crate `{$orig_crate_name}` (which `{$orig_dependency_of}` depends on)
+    .first_defined_crate = the lang item is first defined in crate `{$orig_crate_name}`.
+    .first_definition_local = first definition in the local crate (`{$orig_crate_name}`)
+    .second_definition_local = second definition in the local crate (`{$crate_name}`)
+    .first_definition_path = first definition in `{$orig_crate_name}` loaded from {$orig_path}
+    .second_definition_path = second definition in `{$crate_name}` loaded from {$path}
 
-passes_allow_incoherent_impl =
-    `rustc_allow_incoherent_impl` attribute should be applied to impl items.
-    .label = the only currently supported targets are inherent methods
+passes_duplicate_lang_item_crate =
+    duplicate lang item in crate `{$crate_name}`: `{$lang_item_name}`.
+    .first_defined_span = the lang item is first defined here
+    .first_defined_crate_depends = the lang item is first defined in crate `{$orig_crate_name}` (which `{$orig_dependency_of}` depends on)
+    .first_defined_crate = the lang item is first defined in crate `{$orig_crate_name}`.
+    .first_definition_local = first definition in the local crate (`{$orig_crate_name}`)
+    .second_definition_local = second definition in the local crate (`{$crate_name}`)
+    .first_definition_path = first definition in `{$orig_crate_name}` loaded from {$orig_path}
+    .second_definition_path = second definition in `{$crate_name}` loaded from {$path}
 
-passes_has_incoherent_inherent_impl =
-    `rustc_has_incoherent_inherent_impls` attribute should be applied to types or traits.
-    .label = only adts, extern types and traits are supported
+passes_duplicate_lang_item_crate_depends =
+    duplicate lang item in crate `{$crate_name}` (which `{$dependency_of}` depends on): `{$lang_item_name}`.
+    .first_defined_span = the lang item is first defined here
+    .first_defined_crate_depends = the lang item is first defined in crate `{$orig_crate_name}` (which `{$orig_dependency_of}` depends on)
+    .first_defined_crate = the lang item is first defined in crate `{$orig_crate_name}`.
+    .first_definition_local = first definition in the local crate (`{$orig_crate_name}`)
+    .second_definition_local = second definition in the local crate (`{$crate_name}`)
+    .first_definition_path = first definition in `{$orig_crate_name}` loaded from {$orig_path}
+    .second_definition_path = second definition in `{$crate_name}` loaded from {$path}
 
-passes_both_ffi_const_and_pure =
-    `#[ffi_const]` function cannot be `#[ffi_pure]`
+passes_export_name =
+    attribute should be applied to a free function, impl method or static
+    .label = not a free function, impl method or static
 
-passes_ffi_pure_invalid_target =
-    `#[ffi_pure]` may only be used on foreign functions
+passes_expr_not_allowed_in_context =
+    {$expr} is not allowed in a `{$context}`
+
+passes_extern_main =
+    the `main` function cannot be declared in an `extern` block
+
+passes_feature_only_on_nightly =
+    `#![feature]` may not be used on the {$release_channel} release channel
+
+passes_feature_previously_declared =
+    feature `{$feature}` is declared {$declared}, but was previously declared {$prev_declared}
+
+passes_feature_stable_twice =
+    feature `{$feature}` is declared stable since {$since}, but was previously declared stable since {$prev_since}
 
 passes_ffi_const_invalid_target =
     `#[ffi_const]` may only be used on foreign functions
 
+passes_ffi_pure_invalid_target =
+    `#[ffi_pure]` may only be used on foreign functions
+
 passes_ffi_returns_twice_invalid_target =
     `#[ffi_returns_twice]` may only be used on foreign functions
 
-passes_must_use_async =
-    `must_use` attribute on `async` functions applies to the anonymous `Future` returned by the function, not the value within
-    .label = this attribute does nothing, the `Future`s returned by async functions are already `must_use`
-
-passes_must_use_no_effect =
-    `#[must_use]` has no effect when applied to {$article} {$target}
-
-passes_must_not_suspend =
-    `must_not_suspend` attribute should be applied to a struct, enum, or trait
-    .label = is not a struct, enum, or trait
+passes_has_incoherent_inherent_impl =
+    `rustc_has_incoherent_inherent_impls` attribute should be applied to types or traits.
+    .label = only adts, extern types and traits are supported
 
-passes_cold =
-    {passes_should_be_applied_to_fn}
-    .warn = {-passes_previously_accepted}
-    .label = {passes_should_be_applied_to_fn.label}
+passes_homogeneous_aggregate =
+    homogeneous_aggregate: {$homogeneous_aggregate}
 
-passes_link =
-    attribute should be applied to an `extern` block with non-Rust ABI
+passes_ignored_attr =
+    `#[{$sym}]` is ignored on struct fields and match arms
     .warn = {-passes_previously_accepted}
-    .label = not an `extern` block
+    .note = {-passes_see_issue(issue: "80564")}
 
-passes_link_name =
-    attribute should be applied to a foreign function or static
+passes_ignored_attr_with_macro =
+    `#[{$sym}]` is ignored on struct fields, match arms and macro defs
     .warn = {-passes_previously_accepted}
-    .label = not a foreign function or static
-    .help = try `#[link(name = "{$value}")]` instead
-
-passes_no_link =
-    attribute should be applied to an `extern crate` item
-    .label = not an `extern crate` item
-
-passes_export_name =
-    attribute should be applied to a free function, impl method or static
-    .label = not a free function, impl method or static
-
-passes_rustc_layout_scalar_valid_range_not_struct =
-    attribute should be applied to a struct
-    .label = not a struct
+    .note = {-passes_see_issue(issue: "80564")}
 
-passes_rustc_layout_scalar_valid_range_arg =
-    expected exactly one integer literal argument
+passes_ignored_derived_impls =
+    `{$name}` has {$trait_list_len ->
+      [one] a derived impl
+     *[other] derived impls
+    } for the {$trait_list_len ->
+      [one] trait {$trait_list}, but this is
+     *[other] traits {$trait_list}, but these are
+    } intentionally ignored during dead code analysis
 
-passes_rustc_legacy_const_generics_only =
-    #[rustc_legacy_const_generics] functions must only have const generics
-    .label = non-const generic parameter
+passes_implied_feature_not_exist =
+    feature `{$implied_by}` implying `{$feature}` does not exist
 
-passes_rustc_legacy_const_generics_index =
-    #[rustc_legacy_const_generics] must have one index for each generic parameter
-    .label = generic parameters
+passes_incorrect_do_not_recommend_location =
+    `#[do_not_recommend]` can only be placed on trait implementations
 
-passes_rustc_legacy_const_generics_index_exceed =
-    index exceeds number of arguments
-    .label = there {$arg_count ->
-        [one] is
-        *[other] are
-    } only {$arg_count} {$arg_count ->
+passes_incorrect_target =
+    `{$name}` language item must be applied to a {$kind} with {$at_least ->
+        [true] at least {$num}
+        *[false] {$num}
+    } generic {$num ->
+        [one] argument
+        *[other] arguments
+    }
+    .label = this {$kind} has {$actual_num} generic {$actual_num ->
         [one] argument
         *[other] arguments
     }
 
-passes_rustc_legacy_const_generics_index_negative =
-    arguments should be non-negative integers
-
-passes_rustc_dirty_clean =
-    attribute requires -Z query-dep-graph to be enabled
-
-passes_link_section =
-    attribute should be applied to a function or static
-    .warn = {-passes_previously_accepted}
-    .label = not a function or static
-
-passes_no_mangle_foreign =
-    `#[no_mangle]` has no effect on a foreign {$foreign_item_kind}
-    .warn = {-passes_previously_accepted}
-    .label = foreign {$foreign_item_kind}
-    .note = symbol names in extern blocks are not mangled
-    .suggestion = remove this attribute
+passes_ineffective_unstable_impl = an `#[unstable]` annotation here has no effect
+    .note = see issue #55436 <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/55436> for more information
 
-passes_no_mangle =
-    attribute should be applied to a free function, impl method or static
+passes_inline_ignored_constants =
+    `#[inline]` is ignored on constants
     .warn = {-passes_previously_accepted}
-    .label = not a free function, impl method or static
-
-passes_repr_ident =
-    meta item in `repr` must be an identifier
-
-passes_repr_conflicting =
-    conflicting representation hints
-
-passes_used_static =
-    attribute must be applied to a `static` variable
-
-passes_used_compiler_linker =
-    `used(compiler)` and `used(linker)` can't be used together
-
-passes_allow_internal_unstable =
-    attribute should be applied to a macro
-    .label = not a macro
-
-passes_debug_visualizer_placement =
-    attribute should be applied to a module
-
-passes_debug_visualizer_invalid =
-    invalid argument
-    .note_1 = expected: `natvis_file = "..."`
-    .note_2 = OR
-    .note_3 = expected: `gdb_script_file = "..."`
-
-passes_debug_visualizer_unreadable =
-    couldn't read {$file}: {$error}
-
-passes_rustc_allow_const_fn_unstable =
-    attribute should be applied to `const fn`
-    .label = not a `const fn`
-
-passes_rustc_std_internal_symbol =
-    attribute should be applied to functions or statics
-    .label = not a function or static
-
-passes_const_trait =
-    attribute should be applied to a trait
-
-passes_stability_promotable =
-    attribute cannot be applied to an expression
-
-passes_deprecated =
-    attribute is ignored here
-
-passes_macro_use =
-    `#[{$name}]` only has an effect on `extern crate` and modules
-
-passes_macro_export =
-    `#[macro_export]` only has an effect on macro definitions
-
-passes_plugin_registrar =
-    `#[plugin_registrar]` only has an effect on functions
-
-passes_unused_empty_lints_note =
-    attribute `{$name}` with an empty list has no effect
-
-passes_unused_no_lints_note =
-    attribute `{$name}` without any lints has no effect
-
-passes_unused_default_method_body_const_note =
-    `default_method_body_is_const` has been replaced with `#[const_trait]` on traits
+    .note = {-passes_see_issue(issue: "65833")}
 
-passes_unused =
-    unused attribute
-    .suggestion = remove this attribute
+passes_inline_ignored_function_prototype =
+    `#[inline]` is ignored on function prototypes
 
-passes_non_exported_macro_invalid_attrs =
+passes_inline_not_fn_or_closure =
     attribute should be applied to function or closure
     .label = not a function or closure
 
-passes_unused_duplicate =
-    unused attribute
-    .suggestion = remove this attribute
-    .note = attribute also specified here
-    .warn = {-passes_previously_accepted}
-
-passes_unused_multiple =
-    multiple `{$name}` attributes
-    .suggestion = remove this attribute
-    .note = attribute also specified here
-
-passes_rustc_lint_opt_ty =
-    `#[rustc_lint_opt_ty]` should be applied to a struct
-    .label = not a struct
-
-passes_rustc_lint_opt_deny_field_access =
-    `#[rustc_lint_opt_deny_field_access]` should be applied to a field
-    .label = not a field
-
-passes_link_ordinal =
-    attribute should be applied to a foreign function or static
-    .label = not a foreign function or static
-
-passes_collapse_debuginfo =
-    `collapse_debuginfo` attribute should be applied to macro definitions
-    .label = not a macro definition
-
-passes_deprecated_annotation_has_no_effect =
-    this `#[deprecated]` annotation has no effect
-    .suggestion = remove the unnecessary deprecation attribute
-
-passes_unknown_external_lang_item =
-    unknown external lang item: `{$lang_item}`
-
-passes_missing_panic_handler =
-    `#[panic_handler]` function required, but not found
-
-passes_missing_lang_item =
-    language item required, but not found: `{$name}`
-    .note = this can occur when a binary crate with `#![no_std]` is compiled for a target where `{$name}` is defined in the standard library
-    .help = you may be able to compile for a target that doesn't need `{$name}`, specify a target with `--target` or in `.cargo/config`
-
-passes_lang_item_on_incorrect_target =
-    `{$name}` language item must be applied to a {$expected_target}
-    .label = attribute should be applied to a {$expected_target}, not a {$actual_target}
-
-passes_unknown_lang_item =
-    definition of an unknown language item: `{$name}`
-    .label = definition of unknown language item `{$name}`
+passes_inner_crate_level_attr =
+    crate-level attribute should be in the root module
 
 passes_invalid_attr_at_crate_level =
     `{$name}` attribute cannot be used at crate level
     .suggestion = perhaps you meant to use an outer attribute
 
-passes_duplicate_diagnostic_item_in_crate =
-    duplicate diagnostic item in crate `{$crate_name}`: `{$name}`.
-    .note = the diagnostic item is first defined in crate `{$orig_crate_name}`.
+passes_invalid_deprecation_version =
+    invalid deprecation version found
+    .label = invalid deprecation version
+    .item = the stability attribute annotates this item
 
-passes_diagnostic_item_first_defined =
-    the diagnostic item is first defined here
+passes_invalid_macro_export_arguments = `{$name}` isn't a valid `#[macro_export]` argument
 
-passes_abi =
-    abi: {$abi}
+passes_invalid_macro_export_arguments_too_many_items = `#[macro_export]` can only take 1 or 0 arguments
 
-passes_align =
-    align: {$align}
+passes_invalid_stability =
+    invalid stability version found
+    .label = invalid stability version
+    .item = the stability attribute annotates this item
 
-passes_size =
-    size: {$size}
+passes_lang_item_on_incorrect_target =
+    `{$name}` language item must be applied to a {$expected_target}
+    .label = attribute should be applied to a {$expected_target}, not a {$actual_target}
 
-passes_homogeneous_aggregate =
-    homogeneous_aggregate: {$homogeneous_aggregate}
+passes_layout =
+    layout error: {$layout_error}
 
 passes_layout_of =
     layout_of({$normalized_ty}) = {$ty_layout}
 
-passes_unrecognized_field =
-    unrecognized field name `{$name}`
-
-passes_layout =
-    layout error: {$layout_error}
+passes_link =
+    attribute should be applied to an `extern` block with non-Rust ABI
+    .warn = {-passes_previously_accepted}
+    .label = not an `extern` block
 
-passes_feature_stable_twice =
-    feature `{$feature}` is declared stable since {$since}, but was previously declared stable since {$prev_since}
+passes_link_name =
+    attribute should be applied to a foreign function or static
+    .warn = {-passes_previously_accepted}
+    .label = not a foreign function or static
+    .help = try `#[link(name = "{$value}")]` instead
 
-passes_feature_previously_declared =
-    feature `{$feature}` is declared {$declared}, but was previously declared {$prev_declared}
+passes_link_ordinal =
+    attribute should be applied to a foreign function or static
+    .label = not a foreign function or static
 
-passes_expr_not_allowed_in_context =
-    {$expr} is not allowed in a `{$context}`
+passes_link_section =
+    attribute should be applied to a function or static
+    .warn = {-passes_previously_accepted}
+    .label = not a function or static
 
-passes_const_impl_const_trait =
-    const `impl`s must be for traits marked with `#[const_trait]`
-    .note = this trait must be annotated with `#[const_trait]`
+passes_macro_export =
+    `#[macro_export]` only has an effect on macro definitions
 
-passes_break_non_loop =
-    `break` with value from a `{$kind}` loop
-    .label = can only break with a value inside `loop` or breakable block
-    .label2 = you can't `break` with a value in a `{$kind}` loop
-    .suggestion = use `break` on its own without a value inside this `{$kind}` loop
-    .break_expr_suggestion = alternatively, you might have meant to use the available loop label
+passes_macro_use =
+    `#[{$name}]` only has an effect on `extern crate` and modules
 
-passes_continue_labeled_block =
-    `continue` pointing to a labeled block
-    .label = labeled blocks cannot be `continue`'d
-    .block_label = labeled block the `continue` points to
+passes_maybe_string_interpolation = you might have meant to use string interpolation in this string literal
+passes_missing_const_err =
+    attributes `#[rustc_const_unstable]` and `#[rustc_const_stable]` require the function or method to be `const`
+    .help = make the function or method const
+    .label = attribute specified here
 
-passes_break_inside_closure =
-    `{$name}` inside of a closure
-    .label = cannot `{$name}` inside of a closure
-    .closure_label = enclosing closure
+passes_missing_const_stab_attr =
+    {$descr} has missing const stability attribute
 
-passes_break_inside_async_block =
-    `{$name}` inside of an `async` block
-    .label = cannot `{$name}` inside of an `async` block
-    .async_block_label = enclosing `async` block
+passes_missing_lang_item =
+    language item required, but not found: `{$name}`
+    .note = this can occur when a binary crate with `#![no_std]` is compiled for a target where `{$name}` is defined in the standard library
+    .help = you may be able to compile for a target that doesn't need `{$name}`, specify a target with `--target` or in `.cargo/config`
 
-passes_outside_loop =
-    `{$name}` outside of a loop{$is_break ->
-        [true] {" or labeled block"}
-        *[false] {""}
-    }
-    .label = cannot `{$name}` outside of a loop{$is_break ->
-        [true] {" or labeled block"}
-        *[false] {""}
-    }
+passes_missing_panic_handler =
+    `#[panic_handler]` function required, but not found
 
-passes_unlabeled_in_labeled_block =
-    unlabeled `{$cf_type}` inside of a labeled block
-    .label = `{$cf_type}` statements that would diverge to or through a labeled block need to bear a label
+passes_missing_stability_attr =
+    {$descr} has missing stability attribute
 
-passes_unlabeled_cf_in_while_condition =
-    `break` or `continue` with no label in the condition of a `while` loop
-    .label = unlabeled `{$cf_type}` in the condition of a `while` loop
+passes_multiple_rustc_main =
+    multiple functions with a `#[rustc_main]` attribute
+    .first = first `#[rustc_main]` function
+    .additional = additional `#[rustc_main]` function
 
-passes_cannot_inline_naked_function =
-    naked functions cannot be inlined
+passes_multiple_start_functions =
+    multiple `start` functions
+    .label = multiple `start` functions
+    .previous = previous `#[start]` function here
 
-passes_undefined_naked_function_abi =
-    Rust ABI is unsupported in naked functions
+passes_must_not_suspend =
+    `must_not_suspend` attribute should be applied to a struct, enum, or trait
+    .label = is not a struct, enum, or trait
 
-passes_no_patterns =
-    patterns not allowed in naked function parameters
+passes_must_use_async =
+    `must_use` attribute on `async` functions applies to the anonymous `Future` returned by the function, not the value within
+    .label = this attribute does nothing, the `Future`s returned by async functions are already `must_use`
 
-passes_params_not_allowed =
-    referencing function parameters is not allowed in naked functions
-    .help = follow the calling convention in asm block to use parameters
+passes_must_use_no_effect =
+    `#[must_use]` has no effect when applied to {$article} {$target}
 
 passes_naked_functions_asm_block =
     naked functions must contain a single asm block
     .label_multiple_asm = multiple asm blocks are unsupported in naked functions
     .label_non_asm = non-asm is unsupported in naked functions
 
-passes_naked_functions_operands =
-    only `const` and `sym` operands are supported in naked functions
-
 passes_naked_functions_asm_options =
     asm options unsupported in naked functions: {$unsupported_options}
 
@@ -507,30 +465,28 @@ passes_naked_functions_must_use_noreturn =
     asm in naked functions must use `noreturn` option
     .suggestion = consider specifying that the asm block is responsible for returning from the function
 
-passes_attr_only_on_main =
-    `{$attr}` attribute can only be used on `fn main()`
+passes_naked_functions_operands =
+    only `const` and `sym` operands are supported in naked functions
 
-passes_attr_only_on_root_main =
-    `{$attr}` attribute can only be used on root `fn main()`
+passes_naked_tracked_caller =
+    cannot use `#[track_caller]` with `#[naked]`
 
-passes_attr_only_in_functions =
-    `{$attr}` attribute can only be used on functions
+passes_no_coverage_fn_defn =
+    `#[no_coverage]` may only be applied to function definitions
 
-passes_multiple_rustc_main =
-    multiple functions with a `#[rustc_main]` attribute
-    .first = first `#[rustc_main]` function
-    .additional = additional `#[rustc_main]` function
+passes_no_coverage_ignored_function_prototype =
+    `#[no_coverage]` is ignored on function prototypes
 
-passes_multiple_start_functions =
-    multiple `start` functions
-    .label = multiple `start` functions
-    .previous = previous `#[start]` function here
+passes_no_coverage_not_coverable =
+    `#[no_coverage]` must be applied to coverable code
+    .label = not coverable code
 
-passes_extern_main =
-    the `main` function cannot be declared in an `extern` block
+passes_no_coverage_propagate =
+    `#[no_coverage]` does not propagate into items and must be applied to the contained functions directly
 
-passes_unix_sigpipe_values =
-    valid values for `#[unix_sigpipe = "..."]` are `inherit`, `sig_ign`, or `sig_dfl`
+passes_no_link =
+    attribute should be applied to an `extern crate` item
+    .label = not an `extern crate` item
 
 passes_no_main_function =
     `main` function not found in crate `{$crate_name}`
@@ -546,54 +502,27 @@ passes_no_main_function =
     .teach_note = If you don't know the basics of Rust, you can go look to the Rust Book to get started: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/
     .non_function_main = non-function item at `crate::main` is found
 
-passes_duplicate_lang_item =
-    found duplicate lang item `{$lang_item_name}`
-    .first_defined_span = the lang item is first defined here
-    .first_defined_crate_depends = the lang item is first defined in crate `{$orig_crate_name}` (which `{$orig_dependency_of}` depends on)
-    .first_defined_crate = the lang item is first defined in crate `{$orig_crate_name}`.
-    .first_definition_local = first definition in the local crate (`{$orig_crate_name}`)
-    .second_definition_local = second definition in the local crate (`{$crate_name}`)
-    .first_definition_path = first definition in `{$orig_crate_name}` loaded from {$orig_path}
-    .second_definition_path = second definition in `{$crate_name}` loaded from {$path}
+passes_no_mangle =
+    attribute should be applied to a free function, impl method or static
+    .warn = {-passes_previously_accepted}
+    .label = not a free function, impl method or static
 
-passes_duplicate_lang_item_crate =
-    duplicate lang item in crate `{$crate_name}`: `{$lang_item_name}`.
-    .first_defined_span = the lang item is first defined here
-    .first_defined_crate_depends = the lang item is first defined in crate `{$orig_crate_name}` (which `{$orig_dependency_of}` depends on)
-    .first_defined_crate = the lang item is first defined in crate `{$orig_crate_name}`.
-    .first_definition_local = first definition in the local crate (`{$orig_crate_name}`)
-    .second_definition_local = second definition in the local crate (`{$crate_name}`)
-    .first_definition_path = first definition in `{$orig_crate_name}` loaded from {$orig_path}
-    .second_definition_path = second definition in `{$crate_name}` loaded from {$path}
+passes_no_mangle_foreign =
+    `#[no_mangle]` has no effect on a foreign {$foreign_item_kind}
+    .warn = {-passes_previously_accepted}
+    .label = foreign {$foreign_item_kind}
+    .note = symbol names in extern blocks are not mangled
+    .suggestion = remove this attribute
 
-passes_duplicate_lang_item_crate_depends =
-    duplicate lang item in crate `{$crate_name}` (which `{$dependency_of}` depends on): `{$lang_item_name}`.
-    .first_defined_span = the lang item is first defined here
-    .first_defined_crate_depends = the lang item is first defined in crate `{$orig_crate_name}` (which `{$orig_dependency_of}` depends on)
-    .first_defined_crate = the lang item is first defined in crate `{$orig_crate_name}`.
-    .first_definition_local = first definition in the local crate (`{$orig_crate_name}`)
-    .second_definition_local = second definition in the local crate (`{$crate_name}`)
-    .first_definition_path = first definition in `{$orig_crate_name}` loaded from {$orig_path}
-    .second_definition_path = second definition in `{$crate_name}` loaded from {$path}
+passes_no_patterns =
+    patterns not allowed in naked function parameters
 
-passes_incorrect_target =
-    `{$name}` language item must be applied to a {$kind} with {$at_least ->
-        [true] at least {$num}
-        *[false] {$num}
-    } generic {$num ->
-        [one] argument
-        *[other] arguments
-    }
-    .label = this {$kind} has {$actual_num} generic {$actual_num ->
-        [one] argument
-        *[other] arguments
-    }
+passes_non_exported_macro_invalid_attrs =
+    attribute should be applied to function or closure
+    .label = not a function or closure
 
-passes_useless_assignment =
-    useless assignment of {$is_field_assign ->
-        [true] field
-        *[false] variable
-    } of type `{$ty}` to itself
+passes_object_lifetime_err =
+    {$repr}
 
 passes_only_has_effect_on =
     `#[{$attr_name}]` only has an effect on {$target_name ->
@@ -603,165 +532,236 @@ passes_only_has_effect_on =
         *[unspecified] (unspecified--this is a compiler bug)
     }
 
-passes_object_lifetime_err =
-    {$repr}
+passes_outer_crate_level_attr =
+    crate-level attribute should be an inner attribute: add an exclamation mark: `#![foo]`
 
-passes_unrecognized_repr_hint =
-    unrecognized representation hint
-    .help = valid reprs are `C`, `align`, `packed`, `transparent`, `simd`, `i8`, `u8`, `i16`, `u16`, `i32`, `u32`, `i64`, `u64`, `i128`, `u128`, `isize`, `usize`
+passes_outside_loop =
+    `{$name}` outside of a loop{$is_break ->
+        [true] {" or labeled block"}
+        *[false] {""}
+    }
+    .label = cannot `{$name}` outside of a loop{$is_break ->
+        [true] {" or labeled block"}
+        *[false] {""}
+    }
 
-passes_attr_application_enum =
-    attribute should be applied to an enum
-    .label = not an enum
+passes_params_not_allowed =
+    referencing function parameters is not allowed in naked functions
+    .help = follow the calling convention in asm block to use parameters
 
-passes_attr_application_struct =
+passes_parent_info =
+    {$num ->
+      [one] {$descr}
+     *[other] {$descr}s
+    } in this {$parent_descr}
+
+passes_pass_by_value =
+    `pass_by_value` attribute should be applied to a struct, enum or type alias
+    .label = is not a struct, enum or type alias
+
+passes_plugin_registrar =
+    `#[plugin_registrar]` only has an effect on functions
+
+passes_proc_macro_bad_sig = {$kind} has incorrect signature
+
+passes_repr_conflicting =
+    conflicting representation hints
+
+passes_repr_ident =
+    meta item in `repr` must be an identifier
+
+passes_rustc_allow_const_fn_unstable =
+    attribute should be applied to `const fn`
+    .label = not a `const fn`
+
+passes_rustc_dirty_clean =
+    attribute requires -Z query-dep-graph to be enabled
+
+passes_rustc_layout_scalar_valid_range_arg =
+    expected exactly one integer literal argument
+
+passes_rustc_layout_scalar_valid_range_not_struct =
     attribute should be applied to a struct
     .label = not a struct
 
-passes_attr_application_struct_union =
-    attribute should be applied to a struct or union
-    .label = not a struct or union
+passes_rustc_legacy_const_generics_index =
+    #[rustc_legacy_const_generics] must have one index for each generic parameter
+    .label = generic parameters
 
-passes_attr_application_struct_enum_union =
-    attribute should be applied to a struct, enum, or union
-    .label = not a struct, enum, or union
+passes_rustc_legacy_const_generics_index_exceed =
+    index exceeds number of arguments
+    .label = there {$arg_count ->
+        [one] is
+        *[other] are
+    } only {$arg_count} {$arg_count ->
+        [one] argument
+        *[other] arguments
+    }
 
-passes_attr_application_struct_enum_function_method_union =
-    attribute should be applied to a struct, enum, function, associated function, or union
-    .label = not a struct, enum, function, associated function, or union
+passes_rustc_legacy_const_generics_index_negative =
+    arguments should be non-negative integers
 
-passes_transparent_incompatible =
-    transparent {$target} cannot have other repr hints
+passes_rustc_legacy_const_generics_only =
+    #[rustc_legacy_const_generics] functions must only have const generics
+    .label = non-const generic parameter
 
-passes_deprecated_attribute =
-    deprecated attribute must be paired with either stable or unstable attribute
+passes_rustc_lint_opt_deny_field_access =
+    `#[rustc_lint_opt_deny_field_access]` should be applied to a field
+    .label = not a field
 
-passes_useless_stability =
-    this stability annotation is useless
-    .label = useless stability annotation
-    .item = the stability attribute annotates this item
+passes_rustc_lint_opt_ty =
+    `#[rustc_lint_opt_ty]` should be applied to a struct
+    .label = not a struct
 
-passes_invalid_stability =
-    invalid stability version found
-    .label = invalid stability version
-    .item = the stability attribute annotates this item
+passes_rustc_std_internal_symbol =
+    attribute should be applied to functions or statics
+    .label = not a function or static
 
-passes_cannot_stabilize_deprecated =
-    an API can't be stabilized after it is deprecated
-    .label = invalid version
-    .item = the stability attribute annotates this item
+passes_should_be_applied_to_fn =
+    attribute should be applied to a function definition
+    .label = {$on_crate ->
+        [true] cannot be applied to crates
+        *[false] not a function definition
+    }
 
-passes_invalid_deprecation_version =
-    invalid deprecation version found
-    .label = invalid deprecation version
-    .item = the stability attribute annotates this item
+passes_should_be_applied_to_static =
+    attribute should be applied to a static
+    .label = not a static
 
-passes_missing_stability_attr =
-    {$descr} has missing stability attribute
+passes_should_be_applied_to_struct_enum =
+    attribute should be applied to a struct or enum
+    .label = not a struct or enum
 
-passes_missing_const_stab_attr =
-    {$descr} has missing const stability attribute
+passes_should_be_applied_to_trait =
+    attribute should be applied to a trait
+    .label = not a trait
 
-passes_trait_impl_const_stable =
-    trait implementations cannot be const stable yet
-    .note = see issue #67792 <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/67792> for more information
+passes_size =
+    size: {$size}
 
-passes_feature_only_on_nightly =
-    `#![feature]` may not be used on the {$release_channel} release channel
+passes_skipping_const_checks = skipping const checks
 
-passes_unknown_feature =
-    unknown feature `{$feature}`
+passes_stability_promotable =
+    attribute cannot be applied to an expression
 
-passes_implied_feature_not_exist =
-    feature `{$implied_by}` implying `{$feature}` does not exist
+passes_string_interpolation_only_works = string interpolation only works in `format!` invocations
 
-passes_duplicate_feature_err =
-    the feature `{$feature}` has already been declared
+passes_target_feature_on_statement =
+    {passes_should_be_applied_to_fn}
+    .warn = {-passes_previously_accepted}
+    .label = {passes_should_be_applied_to_fn.label}
 
-passes_missing_const_err =
-    attributes `#[rustc_const_unstable]` and `#[rustc_const_stable]` require the function or method to be `const`
-    .help = make the function or method const
-    .label = attribute specified here
+passes_trait_impl_const_stable =
+    trait implementations cannot be const stable yet
+    .note = see issue #67792 <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/67792> for more information
 
-passes_dead_codes =
-    { $multiple ->
-      *[true] multiple {$descr}s are
-       [false] { $num ->
-         [one] {$descr} {$name_list} is
-        *[other] {$descr}s {$name_list} are
-       }
-    } never {$participle}
+passes_transparent_incompatible =
+    transparent {$target} cannot have other repr hints
 
-passes_change_fields_to_be_of_unit_type =
-    consider changing the { $num ->
-      [one] field
-     *[other] fields
-    } to be of unit type to suppress this warning while preserving the field numbering, or remove the { $num ->
-      [one] field
-     *[other] fields
-    }
+passes_undefined_naked_function_abi =
+    Rust ABI is unsupported in naked functions
 
-passes_parent_info =
-    {$num ->
-      [one] {$descr}
-     *[other] {$descr}s
-    } in this {$parent_descr}
+passes_unix_sigpipe_values =
+    valid values for `#[unix_sigpipe = "..."]` are `inherit`, `sig_ign`, or `sig_dfl`
 
-passes_ignored_derived_impls =
-    `{$name}` has {$trait_list_len ->
-      [one] a derived impl
-     *[other] derived impls
-    } for the {$trait_list_len ->
-      [one] trait {$trait_list}, but this is
-     *[other] traits {$trait_list}, but these are
-    } intentionally ignored during dead code analysis
+passes_unknown_external_lang_item =
+    unknown external lang item: `{$lang_item}`
 
-passes_proc_macro_bad_sig = {$kind} has incorrect signature
+passes_unknown_feature =
+    unknown feature `{$feature}`
 
-passes_skipping_const_checks = skipping const checks
+passes_unknown_lang_item =
+    definition of an unknown language item: `{$name}`
+    .label = definition of unknown language item `{$name}`
 
-passes_invalid_macro_export_arguments = `{$name}` isn't a valid `#[macro_export]` argument
+passes_unlabeled_cf_in_while_condition =
+    `break` or `continue` with no label in the condition of a `while` loop
+    .label = unlabeled `{$cf_type}` in the condition of a `while` loop
 
-passes_invalid_macro_export_arguments_too_many_items = `#[macro_export]` can only take 1 or 0 arguments
+passes_unlabeled_in_labeled_block =
+    unlabeled `{$cf_type}` inside of a labeled block
+    .label = `{$cf_type}` statements that would diverge to or through a labeled block need to bear a label
+
+passes_unnecessary_partial_stable_feature = the feature `{$feature}` has been partially stabilized since {$since} and is succeeded by the feature `{$implies}`
+    .suggestion = if you are using features which are still unstable, change to using `{$implies}`
+    .suggestion_remove = if you are using features which are now stable, remove this line
+
+passes_unnecessary_stable_feature = the feature `{$feature}` has been stable since {$since} and no longer requires an attribute to enable
 
 passes_unreachable_due_to_uninhabited = unreachable {$descr}
     .label = unreachable {$descr}
     .label_orig = any code following this expression is unreachable
     .note = this expression has type `{$ty}`, which is uninhabited
 
-passes_unused_var_maybe_capture_ref = unused variable: `{$name}`
-    .help = did you mean to capture by reference instead?
+passes_unrecognized_field =
+    unrecognized field name `{$name}`
+
+passes_unrecognized_repr_hint =
+    unrecognized representation hint
+    .help = valid reprs are `C`, `align`, `packed`, `transparent`, `simd`, `i8`, `u8`, `i16`, `u16`, `i32`, `u32`, `i64`, `u64`, `i128`, `u128`, `isize`, `usize`
+
+passes_unused =
+    unused attribute
+    .suggestion = remove this attribute
+
+passes_unused_assign = value assigned to `{$name}` is never read
+    .help = maybe it is overwritten before being read?
+
+passes_unused_assign_passed = value passed to `{$name}` is never read
+    .help = maybe it is overwritten before being read?
 
 passes_unused_capture_maybe_capture_ref = value captured by `{$name}` is never read
     .help = did you mean to capture by reference instead?
 
-passes_unused_var_remove_field = unused variable: `{$name}`
-passes_unused_var_remove_field_suggestion = try removing the field
+passes_unused_default_method_body_const_note =
+    `default_method_body_is_const` has been replaced with `#[const_trait]` on traits
 
-passes_unused_var_assigned_only = variable `{$name}` is assigned to, but never used
-    .note = consider using `_{$name}` instead
+passes_unused_duplicate =
+    unused attribute
+    .suggestion = remove this attribute
+    .note = attribute also specified here
+    .warn = {-passes_previously_accepted}
 
-passes_unnecessary_stable_feature = the feature `{$feature}` has been stable since {$since} and no longer requires an attribute to enable
+passes_unused_empty_lints_note =
+    attribute `{$name}` with an empty list has no effect
 
-passes_unnecessary_partial_stable_feature = the feature `{$feature}` has been partially stabilized since {$since} and is succeeded by the feature `{$implies}`
-    .suggestion = if you are using features which are still unstable, change to using `{$implies}`
-    .suggestion_remove = if you are using features which are now stable, remove this line
+passes_unused_multiple =
+    multiple `{$name}` attributes
+    .suggestion = remove this attribute
+    .note = attribute also specified here
 
-passes_ineffective_unstable_impl = an `#[unstable]` annotation here has no effect
-    .note = see issue #55436 <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/55436> for more information
+passes_unused_no_lints_note =
+    attribute `{$name}` without any lints has no effect
 
-passes_unused_assign = value assigned to `{$name}` is never read
-    .help = maybe it is overwritten before being read?
+passes_unused_var_assigned_only = variable `{$name}` is assigned to, but never used
+    .note = consider using `_{$name}` instead
 
-passes_unused_assign_passed = value passed to `{$name}` is never read
-    .help = maybe it is overwritten before being read?
+passes_unused_var_maybe_capture_ref = unused variable: `{$name}`
+    .help = did you mean to capture by reference instead?
 
-passes_maybe_string_interpolation = you might have meant to use string interpolation in this string literal
-passes_string_interpolation_only_works = string interpolation only works in `format!` invocations
+passes_unused_var_remove_field = unused variable: `{$name}`
+passes_unused_var_remove_field_suggestion = try removing the field
+
+passes_unused_variable_try_ignore = unused variable: `{$name}`
+    .suggestion = try ignoring the field
 
 passes_unused_variable_try_prefix = unused variable: `{$name}`
     .label = unused variable
     .suggestion = if this is intentional, prefix it with an underscore
 
-passes_unused_variable_try_ignore = unused variable: `{$name}`
-    .suggestion = try ignoring the field
+passes_used_compiler_linker =
+    `used(compiler)` and `used(linker)` can't be used together
+
+passes_used_static =
+    attribute must be applied to a `static` variable
+
+passes_useless_assignment =
+    useless assignment of {$is_field_assign ->
+        [true] field
+        *[false] variable
+    } of type `{$ty}` to itself
+
+passes_useless_stability =
+    this stability annotation is useless
+    .label = useless stability annotation
+    .item = the stability attribute annotates this item
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/check_attr.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/check_attr.rs
index 06aa2737915..c3189d1fefe 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/check_attr.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/check_attr.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ use crate::{errors, fluent_generated as fluent};
 use rustc_ast::{ast, AttrStyle, Attribute, LitKind, MetaItemKind, MetaItemLit, NestedMetaItem};
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashMap;
 use rustc_errors::{Applicability, IntoDiagnosticArg, MultiSpan};
-use rustc_expand::base::resolve_path;
 use rustc_feature::{AttributeDuplicates, AttributeType, BuiltinAttribute, BUILTIN_ATTRIBUTE_MAP};
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::LocalDefId;
@@ -19,9 +18,9 @@ use rustc_hir::{
 use rustc_hir::{MethodKind, Target, Unsafety};
 use rustc_middle::hir::nested_filter;
 use rustc_middle::middle::resolve_bound_vars::ObjectLifetimeDefault;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::traits::ObligationCause;
 use rustc_middle::ty::error::{ExpectedFound, TypeError};
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_session::lint::builtin::{
     CONFLICTING_REPR_HINTS, INVALID_DOC_ATTRIBUTES, INVALID_MACRO_EXPORT_ARGUMENTS,
@@ -1817,7 +1816,7 @@ impl CheckAttrVisitor<'_> {
             || (is_simd && is_c)
             || (int_reprs == 1
                 && is_c
-                && item.map_or(false, |item| {
+                && item.is_some_and(|item| {
                     if let ItemLike::Item(item) = item {
                         return is_c_like_enum(item);
                     }
@@ -1916,6 +1915,10 @@ impl CheckAttrVisitor<'_> {
 
     /// Checks if the items on the `#[debugger_visualizer]` attribute are valid.
     fn check_debugger_visualizer(&self, attr: &Attribute, target: Target) -> bool {
+        // Here we only check that the #[debugger_visualizer] attribute is attached
+        // to nothing other than a module. All other checks are done in the
+        // `debugger_visualizer` query where they need to be done for decoding
+        // anyway.
         match target {
             Target::Mod => {}
             _ => {
@@ -1924,53 +1927,7 @@ impl CheckAttrVisitor<'_> {
             }
         }
 
-        let Some(hints) = attr.meta_item_list() else {
-            self.tcx.sess.emit_err(errors::DebugVisualizerInvalid { span: attr.span });
-            return false;
-        };
-
-        let hint = match hints.len() {
-            1 => &hints[0],
-            _ => {
-                self.tcx.sess.emit_err(errors::DebugVisualizerInvalid { span: attr.span });
-                return false;
-            }
-        };
-
-        let Some(meta_item) = hint.meta_item() else {
-            self.tcx.sess.emit_err(errors::DebugVisualizerInvalid { span: attr.span });
-            return false;
-        };
-
-        let visualizer_path = match (meta_item.name_or_empty(), meta_item.value_str()) {
-            (sym::natvis_file, Some(value)) => value,
-            (sym::gdb_script_file, Some(value)) => value,
-            (_, _) => {
-                self.tcx.sess.emit_err(errors::DebugVisualizerInvalid { span: meta_item.span });
-                return false;
-            }
-        };
-
-        let file =
-            match resolve_path(&self.tcx.sess.parse_sess, visualizer_path.as_str(), attr.span) {
-                Ok(file) => file,
-                Err(mut err) => {
-                    err.emit();
-                    return false;
-                }
-            };
-
-        match std::fs::File::open(&file) {
-            Ok(_) => true,
-            Err(error) => {
-                self.tcx.sess.emit_err(errors::DebugVisualizerUnreadable {
-                    span: meta_item.span,
-                    file: &file,
-                    error,
-                });
-                false
-            }
-        }
+        true
     }
 
     /// Outputs an error for `#[allow_internal_unstable]` which can only be applied to macros.
@@ -2138,7 +2095,7 @@ impl CheckAttrVisitor<'_> {
                 | sym::feature
                 | sym::repr
                 | sym::target_feature
-        ) && attr.meta_item_list().map_or(false, |list| list.is_empty())
+        ) && attr.meta_item_list().is_some_and(|list| list.is_empty())
         {
             errors::UnusedNote::EmptyList { name: attr.name_or_empty() }
         } else if matches!(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/check_const.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/check_const.rs
index 6742722ce52..2357b0aadef 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/check_const.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/check_const.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::LocalDefId;
 use rustc_hir::intravisit::{self, Visitor};
 use rustc_middle::hir::nested_filter;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
 use rustc_session::parse::feature_err;
 use rustc_span::{sym, Span, Symbol};
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/dead.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/dead.rs
index 3ae5b45d330..7812dcde44c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/dead.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/dead.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use rustc_hir::intravisit::{self, Visitor};
 use rustc_hir::{Node, PatKind, TyKind};
 use rustc_middle::middle::codegen_fn_attrs::CodegenFnAttrFlags;
 use rustc_middle::middle::privacy::Level;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_session::lint;
 use rustc_span::symbol::{sym, Symbol};
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/debugger_visualizer.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/debugger_visualizer.rs
index 72371b9950b..3483f7da528 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/debugger_visualizer.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/debugger_visualizer.rs
@@ -1,60 +1,69 @@
 //! Detecting usage of the `#[debugger_visualizer]` attribute.
 
-use hir::CRATE_HIR_ID;
-use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashSet;
+use rustc_ast::Attribute;
 use rustc_data_structures::sync::Lrc;
 use rustc_expand::base::resolve_path;
-use rustc_hir as hir;
-use rustc_hir::HirId;
-use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
-use rustc_middle::{query::LocalCrate, ty::query::Providers};
-use rustc_span::{sym, DebuggerVisualizerFile, DebuggerVisualizerType};
+use rustc_middle::{
+    middle::debugger_visualizer::{DebuggerVisualizerFile, DebuggerVisualizerType},
+    query::{LocalCrate, Providers},
+    ty::TyCtxt,
+};
+use rustc_session::Session;
+use rustc_span::sym;
 
-use crate::errors::DebugVisualizerUnreadable;
+use crate::errors::{DebugVisualizerInvalid, DebugVisualizerUnreadable};
 
-fn check_for_debugger_visualizer(
-    tcx: TyCtxt<'_>,
-    hir_id: HirId,
-    debugger_visualizers: &mut FxHashSet<DebuggerVisualizerFile>,
-) {
-    let attrs = tcx.hir().attrs(hir_id);
-    for attr in attrs {
+impl DebuggerVisualizerCollector<'_> {
+    fn check_for_debugger_visualizer(&mut self, attr: &Attribute) {
         if attr.has_name(sym::debugger_visualizer) {
-            let Some(list) = attr.meta_item_list() else {
-                continue
+            let Some(hints) = attr.meta_item_list() else {
+                self.sess.emit_err(DebugVisualizerInvalid { span: attr.span });
+                return;
             };
 
-            let meta_item = match list.len() {
-                1 => match list[0].meta_item() {
-                    Some(meta_item) => meta_item,
-                    _ => continue,
-                },
-                _ => continue,
+            let hint = if hints.len() == 1 {
+                &hints[0]
+            } else {
+                self.sess.emit_err(DebugVisualizerInvalid { span: attr.span });
+                return;
             };
 
-            let visualizer_type = match meta_item.name_or_empty() {
-                sym::natvis_file => DebuggerVisualizerType::Natvis,
-                sym::gdb_script_file => DebuggerVisualizerType::GdbPrettyPrinter,
-                _ => continue,
+            let Some(meta_item) = hint.meta_item() else {
+                self.sess.emit_err(DebugVisualizerInvalid { span: attr.span });
+                return;
             };
 
-            let file = match meta_item.value_str() {
-                Some(value) => {
-                    match resolve_path(&tcx.sess.parse_sess, value.as_str(), attr.span) {
-                        Ok(file) => file,
-                        _ => continue,
+            let (visualizer_type, visualizer_path) =
+                match (meta_item.name_or_empty(), meta_item.value_str()) {
+                    (sym::natvis_file, Some(value)) => (DebuggerVisualizerType::Natvis, value),
+                    (sym::gdb_script_file, Some(value)) => {
+                        (DebuggerVisualizerType::GdbPrettyPrinter, value)
                     }
-                }
-                None => continue,
-            };
+                    (_, _) => {
+                        self.sess.emit_err(DebugVisualizerInvalid { span: meta_item.span });
+                        return;
+                    }
+                };
+
+            let file =
+                match resolve_path(&self.sess.parse_sess, visualizer_path.as_str(), attr.span) {
+                    Ok(file) => file,
+                    Err(mut err) => {
+                        err.emit();
+                        return;
+                    }
+                };
 
             match std::fs::read(&file) {
                 Ok(contents) => {
-                    debugger_visualizers
-                        .insert(DebuggerVisualizerFile::new(Lrc::from(contents), visualizer_type));
+                    self.visualizers.push(DebuggerVisualizerFile::new(
+                        Lrc::from(contents),
+                        visualizer_type,
+                        file,
+                    ));
                 }
                 Err(error) => {
-                    tcx.sess.emit_err(DebugVisualizerUnreadable {
+                    self.sess.emit_err(DebugVisualizerUnreadable {
                         span: meta_item.span,
                         file: &file,
                         error,
@@ -65,29 +74,30 @@ fn check_for_debugger_visualizer(
     }
 }
 
-/// Traverses and collects the debugger visualizers for a specific crate.
-fn debugger_visualizers(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, _: LocalCrate) -> Vec<DebuggerVisualizerFile> {
-    // Initialize the collector.
-    let mut debugger_visualizers = FxHashSet::default();
+struct DebuggerVisualizerCollector<'a> {
+    sess: &'a Session,
+    visualizers: Vec<DebuggerVisualizerFile>,
+}
 
-    // Collect debugger visualizers in this crate.
-    tcx.hir().for_each_module(|id| {
-        check_for_debugger_visualizer(
-            tcx,
-            tcx.hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(id),
-            &mut debugger_visualizers,
-        )
-    });
+impl<'ast> rustc_ast::visit::Visitor<'ast> for DebuggerVisualizerCollector<'_> {
+    fn visit_attribute(&mut self, attr: &'ast Attribute) {
+        self.check_for_debugger_visualizer(attr);
+        rustc_ast::visit::walk_attribute(self, attr);
+    }
+}
 
-    // Collect debugger visualizers on the crate attributes.
-    check_for_debugger_visualizer(tcx, CRATE_HIR_ID, &mut debugger_visualizers);
+/// Traverses and collects the debugger visualizers for a specific crate.
+fn debugger_visualizers(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, _: LocalCrate) -> Vec<DebuggerVisualizerFile> {
+    let resolver_and_krate = tcx.resolver_for_lowering(()).borrow();
+    let krate = &*resolver_and_krate.1;
 
-    // Extract out the found debugger_visualizer items.
-    let mut visualizers = debugger_visualizers.into_iter().collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    let mut visitor = DebuggerVisualizerCollector { sess: tcx.sess, visualizers: Vec::new() };
+    rustc_ast::visit::Visitor::visit_crate(&mut visitor, krate);
 
-    // Sort the visualizers so we always get a deterministic query result.
-    visualizers.sort();
-    visualizers
+    // We are collecting visualizers in AST-order, which is deterministic,
+    // so we don't need to do any explicit sorting in order to get a
+    // deterministic query result
+    visitor.visualizers
 }
 
 pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/diagnostic_items.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/diagnostic_items.rs
index eb6ea673c85..d8b9f4fae87 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/diagnostic_items.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/diagnostic_items.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ use rustc_ast as ast;
 use rustc_hir::diagnostic_items::DiagnosticItems;
 use rustc_hir::OwnerId;
 use rustc_middle::query::LocalCrate;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
 use rustc_span::def_id::{DefId, LOCAL_CRATE};
 use rustc_span::symbol::{sym, Symbol};
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/entry.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/entry.rs
index e3e4b73efa3..ffd8f77b78b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/entry.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/entry.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use rustc_errors::error_code;
 use rustc_hir::def::DefKind;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefId, LocalDefId, CRATE_DEF_ID, LOCAL_CRATE};
 use rustc_hir::{ItemId, Node, CRATE_HIR_ID};
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
 use rustc_session::config::{sigpipe, CrateType, EntryFnType};
 use rustc_session::parse::feature_err;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/lang_items.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/lang_items.rs
index fdd0e5dab70..476394f30cc 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/lang_items.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/lang_items.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
 use rustc_session::cstore::ExternCrate;
 use rustc_span::{symbol::kw::Empty, Span};
 
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 
 pub(crate) enum Duplicate {
     Plain,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/lib.rs
index 8b7338e29aa..0da4b294648 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/lib.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ extern crate tracing;
 
 use rustc_errors::{DiagnosticMessage, SubdiagnosticMessage};
 use rustc_fluent_macro::fluent_messages;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 
 mod check_attr;
 mod check_const;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/lib_features.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/lib_features.rs
index f4da1aaec11..44174b1b89d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/lib_features.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/lib_features.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use rustc_attr::{rust_version_symbol, VERSION_PLACEHOLDER};
 use rustc_hir::intravisit::Visitor;
 use rustc_middle::hir::nested_filter;
 use rustc_middle::middle::lib_features::LibFeatures;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
 use rustc_span::symbol::Symbol;
 use rustc_span::{sym, Span};
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/liveness.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/liveness.rs
index 6758024419d..63b1578d43f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/liveness.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/liveness.rs
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ use rustc_hir::def_id::LocalDefId;
 use rustc_hir::intravisit::{self, Visitor};
 use rustc_hir::{Expr, HirId, HirIdMap, HirIdSet};
 use rustc_index::IndexVec;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, RootVariableMinCaptureList, Ty, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_session::lint;
 use rustc_span::symbol::{kw, sym, Symbol};
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/loops.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/loops.rs
index b4cf19e4a34..73cfe68e7f2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/loops.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/loops.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use rustc_hir::intravisit::{self, Visitor};
 use rustc_hir::{Destination, Movability, Node};
 use rustc_middle::hir::map::Map;
 use rustc_middle::hir::nested_filter;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
 use rustc_session::Session;
 use rustc_span::hygiene::DesugaringKind;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/naked_functions.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/naked_functions.rs
index cf8d9300a11..a849d61edfe 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/naked_functions.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/naked_functions.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use rustc_hir::def::DefKind;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::LocalDefId;
 use rustc_hir::intravisit::Visitor;
 use rustc_hir::{ExprKind, InlineAsmOperand, StmtKind};
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
 use rustc_session::lint::builtin::UNDEFINED_NAKED_FUNCTION_ABI;
 use rustc_span::symbol::sym;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/reachable.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/reachable.rs
index a5f7b07fe52..160528e4074 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/reachable.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/reachable.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ use rustc_hir::intravisit::{self, Visitor};
 use rustc_hir::Node;
 use rustc_middle::middle::codegen_fn_attrs::{CodegenFnAttrFlags, CodegenFnAttrs};
 use rustc_middle::middle::privacy::{self, Level};
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_session::config::CrateType;
 use rustc_target::spec::abi::Abi;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/stability.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/stability.rs
index 9615f283ff4..b81b7ad6013 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/stability.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/stability.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ use rustc_hir::{FieldDef, Item, ItemKind, TraitRef, Ty, TyKind, Variant};
 use rustc_middle::hir::nested_filter;
 use rustc_middle::middle::privacy::EffectiveVisibilities;
 use rustc_middle::middle::stability::{AllowUnstable, DeprecationEntry, Index};
-use rustc_middle::ty::{query::Providers, TyCtxt};
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
 use rustc_session::lint;
 use rustc_session::lint::builtin::{INEFFECTIVE_UNSTABLE_TRAIT_IMPL, USELESS_DEPRECATED};
 use rustc_span::symbol::{sym, Symbol};
@@ -553,10 +554,8 @@ impl<'tcx> MissingStabilityAnnotations<'tcx> {
 
         let is_const = self.tcx.is_const_fn(def_id.to_def_id())
             || self.tcx.is_const_trait_impl_raw(def_id.to_def_id());
-        let is_stable = self
-            .tcx
-            .lookup_stability(def_id)
-            .map_or(false, |stability| stability.level.is_stable());
+        let is_stable =
+            self.tcx.lookup_stability(def_id).is_some_and(|stability| stability.level.is_stable());
         let missing_const_stability_attribute = self.tcx.lookup_const_stability(def_id).is_none();
         let is_reachable = self.effective_visibilities.is_reachable(def_id);
 
@@ -771,7 +770,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for Checker<'tcx> {
                     // needs to have an error emitted.
                     if features.const_trait_impl
                         && *constness == hir::Constness::Const
-                        && const_stab.map_or(false, |(stab, _)| stab.is_const_stable())
+                        && const_stab.is_some_and(|(stab, _)| stab.is_const_stable())
                     {
                         self.tcx.sess.emit_err(errors::TraitImplConstStable { span: item.span });
                     }
@@ -808,15 +807,12 @@ impl<'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for Checker<'tcx> {
             );
 
             let is_allowed_through_unstable_modules = |def_id| {
-                self.tcx
-                    .lookup_stability(def_id)
-                    .map(|stab| match stab.level {
-                        StabilityLevel::Stable { allowed_through_unstable_modules, .. } => {
-                            allowed_through_unstable_modules
-                        }
-                        _ => false,
-                    })
-                    .unwrap_or(false)
+                self.tcx.lookup_stability(def_id).is_some_and(|stab| match stab.level {
+                    StabilityLevel::Stable { allowed_through_unstable_modules, .. } => {
+                        allowed_through_unstable_modules
+                    }
+                    _ => false,
+                })
             };
 
             if item_is_allowed && !is_allowed_through_unstable_modules(def_id) {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/upvars.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/upvars.rs
index 605cf0a93b8..d87df706cc8 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/upvars.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/upvars.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def::Res;
 use rustc_hir::intravisit::{self, Visitor};
 use rustc_hir::{self, HirId};
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
 use rustc_span::Span;
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_privacy/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_privacy/messages.ftl
index a26d1b2b381..b68e8a78aab 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_privacy/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_privacy/messages.ftl
@@ -2,22 +2,22 @@ privacy_field_is_private = field `{$field_name}` of {$variant_descr} `{$def_path
 privacy_field_is_private_is_update_syntax_label = field `{$field_name}` is private
 privacy_field_is_private_label = private field
 
-privacy_item_is_private = {$kind} `{$descr}` is private
-    .label = private {$kind}
-privacy_unnamed_item_is_private = {$kind} is private
-    .label = private {$kind}
+privacy_from_private_dep_in_public_interface =
+    {$kind} `{$descr}` from private dependency '{$krate}' in public interface
 
 privacy_in_public_interface = {$vis_descr} {$kind} `{$descr}` in public interface
     .label = can't leak {$vis_descr} {$kind}
     .visibility_label = `{$descr}` declared as {$vis_descr}
 
-privacy_report_effective_visibility = {$descr}
-
-privacy_from_private_dep_in_public_interface =
-    {$kind} `{$descr}` from private dependency '{$krate}' in public interface
-
+privacy_item_is_private = {$kind} `{$descr}` is private
+    .label = private {$kind}
 privacy_private_in_public_lint =
     {$vis_descr} {$kind} `{$descr}` in public interface (error {$kind ->
         [trait] E0445
         *[other] E0446
     })
+
+privacy_report_effective_visibility = {$descr}
+
+privacy_unnamed_item_is_private = {$kind} is private
+    .label = private {$kind}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_privacy/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_privacy/src/lib.rs
index d6eb5463870..65dfdf31e54 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_privacy/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_privacy/src/lib.rs
@@ -25,9 +25,9 @@ use rustc_hir::intravisit::{self, Visitor};
 use rustc_hir::{AssocItemKind, HirIdSet, ItemId, Node, PatKind};
 use rustc_middle::bug;
 use rustc_middle::hir::nested_filter;
-use rustc_middle::middle::privacy::{EffectiveVisibilities, Level};
+use rustc_middle::middle::privacy::{EffectiveVisibilities, EffectiveVisibility, Level};
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::span_bug;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::subst::InternalSubsts;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Const, GenericParamDefKind};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{TraitRef, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeSuperVisitable, TypeVisitable, TypeVisitor};
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ use rustc_span::Span;
 
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::ops::ControlFlow;
-use std::{cmp, fmt, mem};
+use std::{fmt, mem};
 
 use errors::{
     FieldIsPrivate, FieldIsPrivateLabel, FromPrivateDependencyInPublicInterface, InPublicInterface,
@@ -408,8 +408,9 @@ impl VisibilityLike for ty::Visibility {
         min(find.tcx.local_visibility(def_id), find.min, find.tcx)
     }
 }
-impl VisibilityLike for Option<Level> {
-    const MAX: Self = Some(Level::Direct);
+
+impl VisibilityLike for Option<EffectiveVisibility> {
+    const MAX: Self = Some(EffectiveVisibility::from_vis(ty::Visibility::Public));
     // Type inference is very smart sometimes.
     // It can make an impl reachable even some components of its type or trait are unreachable.
     // E.g. methods of `impl ReachableTrait<UnreachableTy> for ReachableTy<UnreachableTy> { ... }`
@@ -421,7 +422,13 @@ impl VisibilityLike for Option<Level> {
     // (which require reaching the `DefId`s in them).
     const SHALLOW: bool = true;
     fn new_min(find: &FindMin<'_, '_, Self>, def_id: LocalDefId) -> Self {
-        cmp::min(find.effective_visibilities.public_at_level(def_id), find.min)
+        if let Some(min) = find.min {
+            return find
+                .effective_visibilities
+                .effective_vis(def_id)
+                .map(|eff_vis| min.min(*eff_vis, find.tcx));
+        }
+        None
     }
 }
 
@@ -447,57 +454,90 @@ struct EmbargoVisitor<'tcx> {
     ///     n::p::f()
     /// }
     macro_reachable: FxHashSet<(LocalDefId, LocalDefId)>,
-    /// Previous visibility level; `None` means unreachable.
-    prev_level: Option<Level>,
+    /// Preliminary pass for marking all underlying types of `impl Trait`s as reachable.
+    impl_trait_pass: bool,
     /// Has something changed in the level map?
     changed: bool,
 }
 
 struct ReachEverythingInTheInterfaceVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
-    level: Option<Level>,
+    effective_vis: EffectiveVisibility,
     item_def_id: LocalDefId,
     ev: &'a mut EmbargoVisitor<'tcx>,
+    level: Level,
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> EmbargoVisitor<'tcx> {
-    fn get(&self, def_id: LocalDefId) -> Option<Level> {
-        self.effective_visibilities.public_at_level(def_id)
+    fn get(&self, def_id: LocalDefId) -> Option<EffectiveVisibility> {
+        self.effective_visibilities.effective_vis(def_id).copied()
+    }
+
+    // Updates node effective visibility.
+    fn update(
+        &mut self,
+        def_id: LocalDefId,
+        inherited_effective_vis: EffectiveVisibility,
+        level: Level,
+    ) {
+        let nominal_vis = self.tcx.local_visibility(def_id);
+        self.update_eff_vis(def_id, inherited_effective_vis, Some(nominal_vis), level);
     }
 
-    /// Updates node level and returns the updated level.
-    fn update(&mut self, def_id: LocalDefId, level: Option<Level>) -> Option<Level> {
-        let old_level = self.get(def_id);
-        // Visibility levels can only grow.
-        if level > old_level {
-            self.effective_visibilities.set_public_at_level(
+    fn update_eff_vis(
+        &mut self,
+        def_id: LocalDefId,
+        inherited_effective_vis: EffectiveVisibility,
+        nominal_vis: Option<ty::Visibility>,
+        level: Level,
+    ) {
+        let private_vis = ty::Visibility::Restricted(self.tcx.parent_module_from_def_id(def_id));
+        if Some(private_vis) != nominal_vis {
+            self.changed |= self.effective_visibilities.update(
                 def_id,
-                || ty::Visibility::Restricted(self.tcx.parent_module_from_def_id(def_id)),
-                level.unwrap(),
+                nominal_vis,
+                || private_vis,
+                inherited_effective_vis,
+                level,
+                self.tcx,
             );
-            self.changed = true;
-            level
-        } else {
-            old_level
         }
     }
 
     fn reach(
         &mut self,
         def_id: LocalDefId,
-        level: Option<Level>,
+        effective_vis: EffectiveVisibility,
     ) -> ReachEverythingInTheInterfaceVisitor<'_, 'tcx> {
         ReachEverythingInTheInterfaceVisitor {
-            level: cmp::min(level, Some(Level::Reachable)),
+            effective_vis,
             item_def_id: def_id,
             ev: self,
+            level: Level::Reachable,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn reach_through_impl_trait(
+        &mut self,
+        def_id: LocalDefId,
+        effective_vis: EffectiveVisibility,
+    ) -> ReachEverythingInTheInterfaceVisitor<'_, 'tcx> {
+        ReachEverythingInTheInterfaceVisitor {
+            effective_vis,
+            item_def_id: def_id,
+            ev: self,
+            level: Level::ReachableThroughImplTrait,
         }
     }
 
     // We have to make sure that the items that macros might reference
     // are reachable, since they might be exported transitively.
-    fn update_reachability_from_macro(&mut self, local_def_id: LocalDefId, md: &MacroDef) {
+    fn update_reachability_from_macro(
+        &mut self,
+        local_def_id: LocalDefId,
+        md: &MacroDef,
+        macro_ev: EffectiveVisibility,
+    ) {
         // Non-opaque macros cannot make other items more accessible than they already are.
-
         let hir_id = self.tcx.hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(local_def_id);
         let attrs = self.tcx.hir().attrs(hir_id);
         if attr::find_transparency(attrs, md.macro_rules).0 != Transparency::Opaque {
@@ -510,7 +550,7 @@ impl<'tcx> EmbargoVisitor<'tcx> {
             return;
         }
 
-        if self.get(local_def_id).is_none() {
+        if self.effective_visibilities.public_at_level(local_def_id).is_none() {
             return;
         }
 
@@ -519,7 +559,7 @@ impl<'tcx> EmbargoVisitor<'tcx> {
         let mut module_def_id = macro_module_def_id;
         loop {
             let changed_reachability =
-                self.update_macro_reachable(module_def_id, macro_module_def_id);
+                self.update_macro_reachable(module_def_id, macro_module_def_id, macro_ev);
             if changed_reachability || module_def_id == CRATE_DEF_ID {
                 break;
             }
@@ -533,21 +573,33 @@ impl<'tcx> EmbargoVisitor<'tcx> {
         &mut self,
         module_def_id: LocalDefId,
         defining_mod: LocalDefId,
+        macro_ev: EffectiveVisibility,
     ) -> bool {
         if self.macro_reachable.insert((module_def_id, defining_mod)) {
-            self.update_macro_reachable_mod(module_def_id, defining_mod);
+            self.update_macro_reachable_mod(module_def_id, defining_mod, macro_ev);
             true
         } else {
             false
         }
     }
 
-    fn update_macro_reachable_mod(&mut self, module_def_id: LocalDefId, defining_mod: LocalDefId) {
+    fn update_macro_reachable_mod(
+        &mut self,
+        module_def_id: LocalDefId,
+        defining_mod: LocalDefId,
+        macro_ev: EffectiveVisibility,
+    ) {
         let module = self.tcx.hir().get_module(module_def_id).0;
         for item_id in module.item_ids {
             let def_kind = self.tcx.def_kind(item_id.owner_id);
             let vis = self.tcx.local_visibility(item_id.owner_id.def_id);
-            self.update_macro_reachable_def(item_id.owner_id.def_id, def_kind, vis, defining_mod);
+            self.update_macro_reachable_def(
+                item_id.owner_id.def_id,
+                def_kind,
+                vis,
+                defining_mod,
+                macro_ev,
+            );
         }
         for child in self.tcx.module_children_local(module_def_id) {
             // FIXME: Use module children for the logic above too.
@@ -556,7 +608,7 @@ impl<'tcx> EmbargoVisitor<'tcx> {
                 && let Res::Def(def_kind, def_id) = child.res
                 && let Some(def_id) = def_id.as_local() {
                 let vis = self.tcx.local_visibility(def_id);
-                self.update_macro_reachable_def(def_id, def_kind, vis, defining_mod);
+                self.update_macro_reachable_def(def_id, def_kind, vis, defining_mod, macro_ev);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -567,16 +619,14 @@ impl<'tcx> EmbargoVisitor<'tcx> {
         def_kind: DefKind,
         vis: ty::Visibility,
         module: LocalDefId,
+        macro_ev: EffectiveVisibility,
     ) {
-        let level = Some(Level::Reachable);
-        if vis.is_public() {
-            self.update(def_id, level);
-        }
+        self.update(def_id, macro_ev, Level::Reachable);
         match def_kind {
             // No type privacy, so can be directly marked as reachable.
             DefKind::Const | DefKind::Static(_) | DefKind::TraitAlias | DefKind::TyAlias => {
                 if vis.is_accessible_from(module, self.tcx) {
-                    self.update(def_id, level);
+                    self.update(def_id, macro_ev, Level::Reachable);
                 }
             }
 
@@ -588,7 +638,7 @@ impl<'tcx> EmbargoVisitor<'tcx> {
                 let item = self.tcx.hir().expect_item(def_id);
                 if let hir::ItemKind::Macro(MacroDef { macro_rules: false, .. }, _) = item.kind {
                     if vis.is_accessible_from(module, self.tcx) {
-                        self.update(def_id, level);
+                        self.update(def_id, macro_ev, Level::Reachable);
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -599,26 +649,24 @@ impl<'tcx> EmbargoVisitor<'tcx> {
             // the module, however may be reachable.
             DefKind::Mod => {
                 if vis.is_accessible_from(module, self.tcx) {
-                    self.update_macro_reachable(def_id, module);
+                    self.update_macro_reachable(def_id, module, macro_ev);
                 }
             }
 
             DefKind::Struct | DefKind::Union => {
                 // While structs and unions have type privacy, their fields do not.
-                if vis.is_public() {
-                    let item = self.tcx.hir().expect_item(def_id);
-                    if let hir::ItemKind::Struct(ref struct_def, _)
-                    | hir::ItemKind::Union(ref struct_def, _) = item.kind
-                    {
-                        for field in struct_def.fields() {
-                            let field_vis = self.tcx.local_visibility(field.def_id);
-                            if field_vis.is_accessible_from(module, self.tcx) {
-                                self.reach(field.def_id, level).ty();
-                            }
+                let item = self.tcx.hir().expect_item(def_id);
+                if let hir::ItemKind::Struct(ref struct_def, _)
+                | hir::ItemKind::Union(ref struct_def, _) = item.kind
+                {
+                    for field in struct_def.fields() {
+                        let field_vis = self.tcx.local_visibility(field.def_id);
+                        if field_vis.is_accessible_from(module, self.tcx) {
+                            self.reach(field.def_id, macro_ev).ty();
                         }
-                    } else {
-                        bug!("item {:?} with DefKind {:?}", item, def_kind);
                     }
+                } else {
+                    bug!("item {:?} with DefKind {:?}", item, def_kind);
                 }
             }
 
@@ -653,127 +701,53 @@ impl<'tcx> EmbargoVisitor<'tcx> {
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for EmbargoVisitor<'tcx> {
-    type NestedFilter = nested_filter::All;
-
-    /// We want to visit items in the context of their containing
-    /// module and so forth, so supply a crate for doing a deep walk.
-    fn nested_visit_map(&mut self) -> Self::Map {
-        self.tcx.hir()
-    }
-
     fn visit_item(&mut self, item: &'tcx hir::Item<'tcx>) {
-        let item_level = match item.kind {
-            hir::ItemKind::Impl { .. } => {
-                let impl_level = Option::<Level>::of_impl(
-                    item.owner_id.def_id,
-                    self.tcx,
-                    &self.effective_visibilities,
-                );
-                self.update(item.owner_id.def_id, impl_level)
-            }
-            _ => self.get(item.owner_id.def_id),
-        };
-
-        // Update levels of nested things.
-        match item.kind {
-            hir::ItemKind::Enum(ref def, _) => {
-                for variant in def.variants {
-                    let variant_level = self.update(variant.def_id, item_level);
-                    if let Some(ctor_def_id) = variant.data.ctor_def_id() {
-                        self.update(ctor_def_id, item_level);
-                    }
-                    for field in variant.data.fields() {
-                        self.update(field.def_id, variant_level);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            hir::ItemKind::Impl(ref impl_) => {
-                for impl_item_ref in impl_.items {
-                    if impl_.of_trait.is_some()
-                        || self.tcx.visibility(impl_item_ref.id.owner_id).is_public()
-                    {
-                        self.update(impl_item_ref.id.owner_id.def_id, item_level);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            hir::ItemKind::Trait(.., trait_item_refs) => {
-                for trait_item_ref in trait_item_refs {
-                    self.update(trait_item_ref.id.owner_id.def_id, item_level);
-                }
-            }
-            hir::ItemKind::Struct(ref def, _) | hir::ItemKind::Union(ref def, _) => {
-                if let Some(ctor_def_id) = def.ctor_def_id() {
-                    self.update(ctor_def_id, item_level);
-                }
-                for field in def.fields() {
-                    let vis = self.tcx.visibility(field.def_id);
-                    if vis.is_public() {
-                        self.update(field.def_id, item_level);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            hir::ItemKind::Macro(ref macro_def, _) => {
-                self.update_reachability_from_macro(item.owner_id.def_id, macro_def);
-            }
-            hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod { items, .. } => {
-                for foreign_item in items {
-                    if self.tcx.visibility(foreign_item.id.owner_id).is_public() {
-                        self.update(foreign_item.id.owner_id.def_id, item_level);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            hir::ItemKind::OpaqueTy(..)
-            | hir::ItemKind::Use(..)
-            | hir::ItemKind::Static(..)
-            | hir::ItemKind::Const(..)
-            | hir::ItemKind::GlobalAsm(..)
-            | hir::ItemKind::TyAlias(..)
-            | hir::ItemKind::Mod(..)
-            | hir::ItemKind::TraitAlias(..)
-            | hir::ItemKind::Fn(..)
-            | hir::ItemKind::ExternCrate(..) => {}
+        if self.impl_trait_pass
+            && let hir::ItemKind::OpaqueTy(ref opaque) = item.kind
+            && !opaque.in_trait {
+            // FIXME: This is some serious pessimization intended to workaround deficiencies
+            // in the reachability pass (`middle/reachable.rs`). Types are marked as link-time
+            // reachable if they are returned via `impl Trait`, even from private functions.
+            let pub_ev = EffectiveVisibility::from_vis(ty::Visibility::Public);
+            self.reach_through_impl_trait(item.owner_id.def_id, pub_ev)
+                .generics()
+                .predicates()
+                .ty();
+            return;
         }
 
-        // Mark all items in interfaces of reachable items as reachable.
+        // Update levels of nested things and mark all items
+        // in interfaces of reachable items as reachable.
+        let item_ev = self.get(item.owner_id.def_id);
         match item.kind {
-            // The interface is empty.
-            hir::ItemKind::Macro(..) | hir::ItemKind::ExternCrate(..) => {}
-            // All nested items are checked by `visit_item`.
-            hir::ItemKind::Mod(..) => {}
-            // Handled in `rustc_resolve`.
-            hir::ItemKind::Use(..) => {}
-            // The interface is empty.
-            hir::ItemKind::GlobalAsm(..) => {}
-            hir::ItemKind::OpaqueTy(ref opaque) => {
-                // HACK(jynelson): trying to infer the type of `impl trait` breaks `async-std` (and `pub async fn` in general)
-                // Since rustdoc never needs to do codegen and doesn't care about link-time reachability,
-                // mark this as unreachable.
-                // See https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/75100
-                if !opaque.in_trait && !self.tcx.sess.opts.actually_rustdoc {
-                    // FIXME: This is some serious pessimization intended to workaround deficiencies
-                    // in the reachability pass (`middle/reachable.rs`). Types are marked as link-time
-                    // reachable if they are returned via `impl Trait`, even from private functions.
-                    let exist_level = cmp::max(item_level, Some(Level::ReachableThroughImplTrait));
-                    self.reach(item.owner_id.def_id, exist_level).generics().predicates().ty();
+            // The interface is empty, and no nested items.
+            hir::ItemKind::Use(..)
+            | hir::ItemKind::ExternCrate(..)
+            | hir::ItemKind::GlobalAsm(..) => {}
+            // The interface is empty, and all nested items are processed by `visit_item`.
+            hir::ItemKind::Mod(..) | hir::ItemKind::OpaqueTy(..) => {}
+            hir::ItemKind::Macro(ref macro_def, _) => {
+                if let Some(item_ev) = item_ev {
+                    self.update_reachability_from_macro(item.owner_id.def_id, macro_def, item_ev);
                 }
             }
-            // Visit everything.
             hir::ItemKind::Const(..)
             | hir::ItemKind::Static(..)
             | hir::ItemKind::Fn(..)
             | hir::ItemKind::TyAlias(..) => {
-                if item_level.is_some() {
-                    self.reach(item.owner_id.def_id, item_level).generics().predicates().ty();
+                if let Some(item_ev) = item_ev {
+                    self.reach(item.owner_id.def_id, item_ev).generics().predicates().ty();
                 }
             }
             hir::ItemKind::Trait(.., trait_item_refs) => {
-                if item_level.is_some() {
-                    self.reach(item.owner_id.def_id, item_level).generics().predicates();
+                if let Some(item_ev) = item_ev {
+                    self.reach(item.owner_id.def_id, item_ev).generics().predicates();
 
                     for trait_item_ref in trait_item_refs {
+                        self.update(trait_item_ref.id.owner_id.def_id, item_ev, Level::Reachable);
+
                         let tcx = self.tcx;
-                        let mut reach = self.reach(trait_item_ref.id.owner_id.def_id, item_level);
+                        let mut reach = self.reach(trait_item_ref.id.owner_id.def_id, item_ev);
                         reach.generics().predicates();
 
                         if trait_item_ref.kind == AssocItemKind::Type
@@ -787,98 +761,94 @@ impl<'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for EmbargoVisitor<'tcx> {
                 }
             }
             hir::ItemKind::TraitAlias(..) => {
-                if item_level.is_some() {
-                    self.reach(item.owner_id.def_id, item_level).generics().predicates();
+                if let Some(item_ev) = item_ev {
+                    self.reach(item.owner_id.def_id, item_ev).generics().predicates();
                 }
             }
-            // Visit everything except for private impl items.
             hir::ItemKind::Impl(ref impl_) => {
-                if item_level.is_some() {
-                    self.reach(item.owner_id.def_id, item_level)
+                if let Some(item_ev) = Option::<EffectiveVisibility>::of_impl(
+                    item.owner_id.def_id,
+                    self.tcx,
+                    &self.effective_visibilities,
+                ) {
+                    self.update_eff_vis(item.owner_id.def_id, item_ev, None, Level::Direct);
+
+                    self.reach(item.owner_id.def_id, item_ev)
                         .generics()
                         .predicates()
                         .ty()
                         .trait_ref();
 
                     for impl_item_ref in impl_.items {
-                        let impl_item_level = self.get(impl_item_ref.id.owner_id.def_id);
-                        if impl_item_level.is_some() {
-                            self.reach(impl_item_ref.id.owner_id.def_id, impl_item_level)
-                                .generics()
-                                .predicates()
-                                .ty();
+                        let def_id = impl_item_ref.id.owner_id.def_id;
+                        let nominal_vis =
+                            impl_.of_trait.is_none().then(|| self.tcx.local_visibility(def_id));
+                        self.update_eff_vis(def_id, item_ev, nominal_vis, Level::Direct);
+
+                        if let Some(impl_item_ev) = self.get(def_id) {
+                            self.reach(def_id, impl_item_ev).generics().predicates().ty();
                         }
                     }
                 }
             }
-
-            // Visit everything, but enum variants have their own levels.
             hir::ItemKind::Enum(ref def, _) => {
-                if item_level.is_some() {
-                    self.reach(item.owner_id.def_id, item_level).generics().predicates();
+                if let Some(item_ev) = item_ev {
+                    self.reach(item.owner_id.def_id, item_ev).generics().predicates();
                 }
                 for variant in def.variants {
-                    let variant_level = self.get(variant.def_id);
-                    if variant_level.is_some() {
+                    if let Some(item_ev) = item_ev {
+                        self.update(variant.def_id, item_ev, Level::Reachable);
+                    }
+
+                    if let Some(variant_ev) = self.get(variant.def_id) {
+                        if let Some(ctor_def_id) = variant.data.ctor_def_id() {
+                            self.update(ctor_def_id, variant_ev, Level::Reachable);
+                        }
                         for field in variant.data.fields() {
-                            self.reach(field.def_id, variant_level).ty();
+                            self.update(field.def_id, variant_ev, Level::Reachable);
+                            self.reach(field.def_id, variant_ev).ty();
                         }
                         // Corner case: if the variant is reachable, but its
                         // enum is not, make the enum reachable as well.
-                        self.reach(item.owner_id.def_id, variant_level).ty();
+                        self.reach(item.owner_id.def_id, variant_ev).ty();
                     }
                     if let Some(ctor_def_id) = variant.data.ctor_def_id() {
-                        let ctor_level = self.get(ctor_def_id);
-                        if ctor_level.is_some() {
-                            self.reach(item.owner_id.def_id, ctor_level).ty();
+                        if let Some(ctor_ev) = self.get(ctor_def_id) {
+                            self.reach(item.owner_id.def_id, ctor_ev).ty();
                         }
                     }
                 }
             }
-            // Visit everything, but foreign items have their own levels.
             hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod { items, .. } => {
                 for foreign_item in items {
-                    let foreign_item_level = self.get(foreign_item.id.owner_id.def_id);
-                    if foreign_item_level.is_some() {
-                        self.reach(foreign_item.id.owner_id.def_id, foreign_item_level)
+                    if let Some(foreign_item_ev) = self.get(foreign_item.id.owner_id.def_id) {
+                        self.reach(foreign_item.id.owner_id.def_id, foreign_item_ev)
                             .generics()
                             .predicates()
                             .ty();
                     }
                 }
             }
-            // Visit everything except for private fields.
             hir::ItemKind::Struct(ref struct_def, _) | hir::ItemKind::Union(ref struct_def, _) => {
-                if item_level.is_some() {
-                    self.reach(item.owner_id.def_id, item_level).generics().predicates();
+                if let Some(item_ev) = item_ev {
+                    self.reach(item.owner_id.def_id, item_ev).generics().predicates();
                     for field in struct_def.fields() {
-                        let field_level = self.get(field.def_id);
-                        if field_level.is_some() {
-                            self.reach(field.def_id, field_level).ty();
+                        self.update(field.def_id, item_ev, Level::Reachable);
+                        if let Some(field_ev) = self.get(field.def_id) {
+                            self.reach(field.def_id, field_ev).ty();
                         }
                     }
                 }
                 if let Some(ctor_def_id) = struct_def.ctor_def_id() {
-                    let ctor_level = self.get(ctor_def_id);
-                    if ctor_level.is_some() {
-                        self.reach(item.owner_id.def_id, ctor_level).ty();
+                    if let Some(item_ev) = item_ev {
+                        self.update(ctor_def_id, item_ev, Level::Reachable);
+                    }
+                    if let Some(ctor_ev) = self.get(ctor_def_id) {
+                        self.reach(item.owner_id.def_id, ctor_ev).ty();
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
-
-        let orig_level = mem::replace(&mut self.prev_level, item_level);
-        intravisit::walk_item(self, item);
-        self.prev_level = orig_level;
-    }
-
-    fn visit_block(&mut self, b: &'tcx hir::Block<'tcx>) {
-        // Blocks can have public items, for example impls, but they always
-        // start as completely private regardless of publicity of a function,
-        // constant, type, field, etc., in which this block resides.
-        let orig_level = mem::replace(&mut self.prev_level, None);
-        intravisit::walk_block(self, b);
-        self.prev_level = orig_level;
     }
 }
 
@@ -932,11 +902,7 @@ impl<'tcx> DefIdVisitor<'tcx> for ReachEverythingInTheInterfaceVisitor<'_, 'tcx>
         _descr: &dyn fmt::Display,
     ) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
         if let Some(def_id) = def_id.as_local() {
-            if let (ty::Visibility::Public, _) | (_, Some(Level::ReachableThroughImplTrait)) =
-                (self.tcx().visibility(def_id.to_def_id()), self.level)
-            {
-                self.ev.update(def_id, self.level);
-            }
+            self.ev.update_eff_vis(def_id, self.effective_vis, None, self.level);
         }
         ControlFlow::Continue(())
     }
@@ -2164,13 +2130,24 @@ fn effective_visibilities(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, (): ()) -> &EffectiveVisibilities {
         tcx,
         effective_visibilities: tcx.resolutions(()).effective_visibilities.clone(),
         macro_reachable: Default::default(),
-        prev_level: Some(Level::Direct),
+        // HACK(jynelson): trying to infer the type of `impl Trait` breaks `async-std` (and
+        // `pub async fn` in general). Since rustdoc never needs to do codegen and doesn't
+        // care about link-time reachability, keep them unreachable (issue #75100).
+        impl_trait_pass: !tcx.sess.opts.actually_rustdoc,
         changed: false,
     };
 
     visitor.effective_visibilities.check_invariants(tcx, true);
+    if visitor.impl_trait_pass {
+        // Underlying types of `impl Trait`s are marked as reachable unconditionally,
+        // so this pass doesn't need to be a part of the fixed point iteration below.
+        tcx.hir().visit_all_item_likes_in_crate(&mut visitor);
+        visitor.impl_trait_pass = false;
+        visitor.changed = false;
+    }
+
     loop {
-        tcx.hir().walk_toplevel_module(&mut visitor);
+        tcx.hir().visit_all_item_likes_in_crate(&mut visitor);
         if visitor.changed {
             visitor.changed = false;
         } else {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_query_impl/Cargo.toml b/compiler/rustc_query_impl/Cargo.toml
index b107a3f03fe..c9353b6fc9f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_query_impl/Cargo.toml
+++ b/compiler/rustc_query_impl/Cargo.toml
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ edition = "2021"
 
 
 [dependencies]
+memoffset = { version = "0.8.0", features = ["unstable_const"] }
+field-offset = "0.3.5"
 measureme = "10.0.0"
 rustc_ast = { path = "../rustc_ast" }
 rustc_data_structures = { path = "../rustc_data_structures" }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_query_impl/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_query_impl/src/lib.rs
index 82b335f4b4b..4cf0f1305a7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_query_impl/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_query_impl/src/lib.rs
@@ -3,28 +3,42 @@
 #![doc(html_root_url = "https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/nightly-rustc/")]
 // this shouldn't be necessary, but the check for `&mut _` is too naive and denies returning a function pointer that takes a mut ref
 #![feature(const_mut_refs)]
+#![feature(const_refs_to_cell)]
 #![feature(min_specialization)]
 #![feature(never_type)]
 #![feature(rustc_attrs)]
 #![recursion_limit = "256"]
-#![allow(rustc::potential_query_instability)]
+#![allow(rustc::potential_query_instability, unused_parens)]
 #![deny(rustc::untranslatable_diagnostic)]
 #![deny(rustc::diagnostic_outside_of_impl)]
 
 #[macro_use]
 extern crate rustc_middle;
 
-use crate::plumbing::{encode_all_query_results, try_mark_green};
+use crate::plumbing::{__rust_begin_short_backtrace, encode_all_query_results, try_mark_green};
+use field_offset::offset_of;
+use rustc_data_structures::stable_hasher::HashStable;
+use rustc_data_structures::sync::AtomicU64;
 use rustc_middle::arena::Arena;
+use rustc_middle::dep_graph::DepNodeIndex;
 use rustc_middle::dep_graph::{self, DepKind, DepKindStruct};
 use rustc_middle::query::erase::{erase, restore, Erase};
+use rustc_middle::query::on_disk_cache::{CacheEncoder, EncodedDepNodeIndex, OnDiskCache};
+use rustc_middle::query::plumbing::{
+    DynamicQuery, QueryKeyStringCache, QuerySystem, QuerySystemFns,
+};
 use rustc_middle::query::AsLocalKey;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::{
-    query_keys, query_provided, query_provided_to_value, query_storage, query_values,
+use rustc_middle::query::{
+    queries, DynamicQueries, ExternProviders, Providers, QueryCaches, QueryEngine, QueryStates,
 };
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::{ExternProviders, Providers, QueryEngine, QuerySystemFns};
 use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
 use rustc_query_system::dep_graph::SerializedDepNodeIndex;
+use rustc_query_system::ich::StableHashingContext;
+use rustc_query_system::query::{
+    get_query_incr, get_query_non_incr, HashResult, QueryCache, QueryConfig, QueryInfo, QueryMap,
+    QueryMode, QueryState,
+};
+use rustc_query_system::HandleCycleError;
 use rustc_query_system::Value;
 use rustc_span::Span;
 
@@ -32,31 +46,182 @@ use rustc_span::Span;
 mod plumbing;
 pub use crate::plumbing::QueryCtxt;
 
-pub use rustc_query_system::query::QueryConfig;
-use rustc_query_system::query::*;
-
 mod profiling_support;
 pub use self::profiling_support::alloc_self_profile_query_strings;
 
-/// This is implemented per query and restoring query values from their erased state.
-trait QueryConfigRestored<'tcx>: QueryConfig<QueryCtxt<'tcx>> + Default {
-    type RestoredValue;
+struct DynamicConfig<
+    'tcx,
+    C: QueryCache,
+    const ANON: bool,
+    const DEPTH_LIMIT: bool,
+    const FEEDABLE: bool,
+> {
+    dynamic: &'tcx DynamicQuery<'tcx, C>,
+}
 
-    fn restore(value: <Self as QueryConfig<QueryCtxt<'tcx>>>::Value) -> Self::RestoredValue;
+impl<'tcx, C: QueryCache, const ANON: bool, const DEPTH_LIMIT: bool, const FEEDABLE: bool> Copy
+    for DynamicConfig<'tcx, C, ANON, DEPTH_LIMIT, FEEDABLE>
+{
+}
+impl<'tcx, C: QueryCache, const ANON: bool, const DEPTH_LIMIT: bool, const FEEDABLE: bool> Clone
+    for DynamicConfig<'tcx, C, ANON, DEPTH_LIMIT, FEEDABLE>
+{
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        DynamicConfig { dynamic: self.dynamic }
+    }
 }
 
-rustc_query_append! { define_queries! }
+impl<'tcx, C: QueryCache, const ANON: bool, const DEPTH_LIMIT: bool, const FEEDABLE: bool>
+    QueryConfig<QueryCtxt<'tcx>> for DynamicConfig<'tcx, C, ANON, DEPTH_LIMIT, FEEDABLE>
+where
+    for<'a> C::Key: HashStable<StableHashingContext<'a>>,
+{
+    type Key = C::Key;
+    type Value = C::Value;
+    type Cache = C;
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn name(self) -> &'static str {
+        self.dynamic.name
+    }
 
-pub fn query_system_fns<'tcx>(
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn cache_on_disk(self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, key: &Self::Key) -> bool {
+        (self.dynamic.cache_on_disk)(tcx, key)
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn query_state<'a>(self, qcx: QueryCtxt<'tcx>) -> &'a QueryState<Self::Key, DepKind>
+    where
+        QueryCtxt<'tcx>: 'a,
+    {
+        self.dynamic.query_state.apply(&qcx.tcx.query_system.states)
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn query_cache<'a>(self, qcx: QueryCtxt<'tcx>) -> &'a Self::Cache
+    where
+        'tcx: 'a,
+    {
+        self.dynamic.query_cache.apply(&qcx.tcx.query_system.caches)
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn execute_query(self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, key: Self::Key) -> Self::Value {
+        (self.dynamic.execute_query)(tcx, key)
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn compute(self, qcx: QueryCtxt<'tcx>, key: Self::Key) -> Self::Value {
+        (self.dynamic.compute)(qcx.tcx, key)
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn try_load_from_disk(
+        self,
+        qcx: QueryCtxt<'tcx>,
+        key: &Self::Key,
+        prev_index: SerializedDepNodeIndex,
+        index: DepNodeIndex,
+    ) -> Option<Self::Value> {
+        if self.dynamic.can_load_from_disk {
+            (self.dynamic.try_load_from_disk)(qcx.tcx, key, prev_index, index)
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn loadable_from_disk(
+        self,
+        qcx: QueryCtxt<'tcx>,
+        key: &Self::Key,
+        index: SerializedDepNodeIndex,
+    ) -> bool {
+        (self.dynamic.loadable_from_disk)(qcx.tcx, key, index)
+    }
+
+    fn value_from_cycle_error(
+        self,
+        tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+        cycle: &[QueryInfo<DepKind>],
+    ) -> Self::Value {
+        (self.dynamic.value_from_cycle_error)(tcx, cycle)
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn format_value(self) -> fn(&Self::Value) -> String {
+        self.dynamic.format_value
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn anon(self) -> bool {
+        ANON
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn eval_always(self) -> bool {
+        self.dynamic.eval_always
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn depth_limit(self) -> bool {
+        DEPTH_LIMIT
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn feedable(self) -> bool {
+        FEEDABLE
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn dep_kind(self) -> DepKind {
+        self.dynamic.dep_kind
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn handle_cycle_error(self) -> HandleCycleError {
+        self.dynamic.handle_cycle_error
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn hash_result(self) -> HashResult<Self::Value> {
+        self.dynamic.hash_result
+    }
+}
+
+/// This is implemented per query. It allows restoring query values from their erased state
+/// and constructing a QueryConfig.
+trait QueryConfigRestored<'tcx> {
+    type RestoredValue;
+    type Config: QueryConfig<QueryCtxt<'tcx>>;
+
+    fn config(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> Self::Config;
+    fn restore(value: <Self::Config as QueryConfig<QueryCtxt<'tcx>>>::Value)
+    -> Self::RestoredValue;
+}
+
+pub fn query_system<'tcx>(
     local_providers: Providers,
     extern_providers: ExternProviders,
-) -> QuerySystemFns<'tcx> {
-    QuerySystemFns {
-        engine: engine(),
-        local_providers,
-        extern_providers,
-        query_structs: make_dep_kind_array!(query_structs).to_vec(),
-        encode_query_results: encode_all_query_results,
-        try_mark_green: try_mark_green,
+    on_disk_cache: Option<OnDiskCache<'tcx>>,
+    incremental: bool,
+) -> QuerySystem<'tcx> {
+    QuerySystem {
+        states: Default::default(),
+        arenas: Default::default(),
+        caches: Default::default(),
+        dynamic_queries: dynamic_queries(),
+        on_disk_cache,
+        fns: QuerySystemFns {
+            engine: engine(incremental),
+            local_providers,
+            extern_providers,
+            encode_query_results: encode_all_query_results,
+            try_mark_green: try_mark_green,
+        },
+        jobs: AtomicU64::new(1),
     }
 }
+
+rustc_query_append! { define_queries! }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_query_impl/src/plumbing.rs b/compiler/rustc_query_impl/src/plumbing.rs
index 9f8ac7ccd0b..244f0e84b43 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_query_impl/src/plumbing.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_query_impl/src/plumbing.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 use crate::rustc_middle::dep_graph::DepContext;
 use crate::rustc_middle::ty::TyEncoder;
+use crate::QueryConfigRestored;
 use rustc_data_structures::stable_hasher::{Hash64, HashStable, StableHasher};
 use rustc_data_structures::sync::Lock;
 use rustc_errors::Diagnostic;
@@ -80,8 +81,8 @@ impl QueryContext for QueryCtxt<'_> {
     fn try_collect_active_jobs(self) -> Option<QueryMap<DepKind>> {
         let mut jobs = QueryMap::default();
 
-        for query in &self.query_system.fns.query_structs {
-            (query.try_collect_active_jobs)(self.tcx, &mut jobs);
+        for collect in super::TRY_COLLECT_ACTIVE_JOBS.iter() {
+            collect(self.tcx, &mut jobs);
         }
 
         Some(jobs)
@@ -182,10 +183,8 @@ pub(super) fn encode_all_query_results<'tcx>(
     encoder: &mut CacheEncoder<'_, 'tcx>,
     query_result_index: &mut EncodedDepNodeIndex,
 ) {
-    for query in &tcx.query_system.fns.query_structs {
-        if let Some(encode) = query.encode_query_results {
-            encode(tcx, encoder, query_result_index);
-        }
+    for encode in super::ENCODE_QUERY_RESULTS.iter().copied().filter_map(|e| e) {
+        encode(tcx, encoder, query_result_index);
     }
 }
 
@@ -265,14 +264,14 @@ macro_rules! hash_result {
 }
 
 macro_rules! call_provider {
-    ([][$qcx:expr, $name:ident, $key:expr]) => {{
-        ($qcx.query_system.fns.local_providers.$name)($qcx, $key)
+    ([][$tcx:expr, $name:ident, $key:expr]) => {{
+        ($tcx.query_system.fns.local_providers.$name)($tcx, $key)
     }};
-    ([(separate_provide_extern) $($rest:tt)*][$qcx:expr, $name:ident, $key:expr]) => {{
+    ([(separate_provide_extern) $($rest:tt)*][$tcx:expr, $name:ident, $key:expr]) => {{
         if let Some(key) = $key.as_local_key() {
-            ($qcx.query_system.fns.local_providers.$name)($qcx, key)
+            ($tcx.query_system.fns.local_providers.$name)($tcx, key)
         } else {
-            ($qcx.query_system.fns.extern_providers.$name)($qcx, $key)
+            ($tcx.query_system.fns.extern_providers.$name)($tcx, $key)
         }
     }};
     ([$other:tt $($modifiers:tt)*][$($args:tt)*]) => {
@@ -341,7 +340,7 @@ pub(crate) fn create_query_frame<
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn encode_query_results<'a, 'tcx, Q>(
-    query: Q,
+    query: Q::Config,
     qcx: QueryCtxt<'tcx>,
     encoder: &mut CacheEncoder<'a, 'tcx>,
     query_result_index: &mut EncodedDepNodeIndex,
@@ -392,12 +391,26 @@ pub(crate) fn loadable_from_disk<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, id: SerializedDepNodeI
 
 pub(crate) fn try_load_from_disk<'tcx, V>(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-    id: SerializedDepNodeIndex,
+    prev_index: SerializedDepNodeIndex,
+    index: DepNodeIndex,
 ) -> Option<V>
 where
     V: for<'a> Decodable<CacheDecoder<'a, 'tcx>>,
 {
-    tcx.query_system.on_disk_cache.as_ref()?.try_load_query_result(tcx, id)
+    let on_disk_cache = tcx.query_system.on_disk_cache.as_ref()?;
+
+    let prof_timer = tcx.prof.incr_cache_loading();
+
+    // The call to `with_query_deserialization` enforces that no new `DepNodes`
+    // are created during deserialization. See the docs of that method for more
+    // details.
+    let value = tcx
+        .dep_graph
+        .with_query_deserialization(|| on_disk_cache.try_load_query_result(tcx, prev_index));
+
+    prof_timer.finish_with_query_invocation_id(index.into());
+
+    value
 }
 
 fn force_from_dep_node<'tcx, Q>(query: Q, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, dep_node: DepNode) -> bool
@@ -434,10 +447,9 @@ where
 
 pub(crate) fn query_callback<'tcx, Q>(is_anon: bool, is_eval_always: bool) -> DepKindStruct<'tcx>
 where
-    Q: QueryConfig<QueryCtxt<'tcx>> + Default,
-    Q::Key: DepNodeParams<TyCtxt<'tcx>>,
+    Q: QueryConfigRestored<'tcx>,
 {
-    let fingerprint_style = Q::Key::fingerprint_style();
+    let fingerprint_style = <Q::Config as QueryConfig<QueryCtxt<'tcx>>>::Key::fingerprint_style();
 
     if is_anon || !fingerprint_style.reconstructible() {
         return DepKindStruct {
@@ -453,13 +465,25 @@ where
         is_anon,
         is_eval_always,
         fingerprint_style,
-        force_from_dep_node: Some(|tcx, dep_node| force_from_dep_node(Q::default(), tcx, dep_node)),
+        force_from_dep_node: Some(|tcx, dep_node| {
+            force_from_dep_node(Q::config(tcx), tcx, dep_node)
+        }),
         try_load_from_on_disk_cache: Some(|tcx, dep_node| {
-            try_load_from_on_disk_cache(Q::default(), tcx, dep_node)
+            try_load_from_on_disk_cache(Q::config(tcx), tcx, dep_node)
         }),
     }
 }
 
+macro_rules! item_if_cached {
+    ([] $tokens:tt) => {};
+    ([(cache) $($rest:tt)*] { $($tokens:tt)* }) => {
+        $($tokens)*
+    };
+    ([$other:tt $($modifiers:tt)*] $tokens:tt) => {
+        item_if_cached! { [$($modifiers)*] $tokens }
+    };
+}
+
 macro_rules! expand_if_cached {
     ([], $tokens:expr) => {{
         None
@@ -472,193 +496,226 @@ macro_rules! expand_if_cached {
     };
 }
 
+/// Don't show the backtrace for query system by default
+/// use `RUST_BACKTRACE=full` to show all the backtraces
+#[inline(never)]
+pub fn __rust_begin_short_backtrace<F, T>(f: F) -> T
+where
+    F: FnOnce() -> T,
+{
+    let result = f();
+    std::hint::black_box(());
+    result
+}
+
 // NOTE: `$V` isn't used here, but we still need to match on it so it can be passed to other macros
 // invoked by `rustc_query_append`.
 macro_rules! define_queries {
     (
      $($(#[$attr:meta])*
         [$($modifiers:tt)*] fn $name:ident($($K:tt)*) -> $V:ty,)*) => {
-        mod get_query {
-            use super::*;
 
-            $(
-                #[inline(always)]
-                #[tracing::instrument(level = "trace", skip(tcx))]
-                pub(super) fn $name<'tcx>(
+        pub(crate) mod query_impl { $(pub mod $name {
+            use super::super::*;
+            use std::marker::PhantomData;
+
+            pub mod get_query_incr {
+                use super::*;
+
+                // Adding `__rust_end_short_backtrace` marker to backtraces so that we emit the frames
+                // when `RUST_BACKTRACE=1`, add a new mod with `$name` here is to allow duplicate naming
+                #[inline(never)]
+                pub fn __rust_end_short_backtrace<'tcx>(
                     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
                     span: Span,
-                    key: query_keys::$name<'tcx>,
+                    key: queries::$name::Key<'tcx>,
                     mode: QueryMode,
-                ) -> Option<Erase<query_values::$name<'tcx>>> {
-                    get_query(
-                        queries::$name::default(),
+                ) -> Option<Erase<queries::$name::Value<'tcx>>> {
+                    get_query_incr(
+                        QueryType::config(tcx),
                         QueryCtxt::new(tcx),
                         span,
                         key,
                         mode
                     )
                 }
-            )*
-        }
-
-        pub(crate) fn engine() -> QueryEngine {
-            QueryEngine {
-                $($name: get_query::$name,)*
             }
-        }
 
-        #[allow(nonstandard_style)]
-        mod queries {
-            use std::marker::PhantomData;
+            pub mod get_query_non_incr {
+                use super::*;
 
-            $(
-                #[derive(Copy, Clone, Default)]
-                pub struct $name<'tcx> {
-                    data: PhantomData<&'tcx ()>
+                #[inline(never)]
+                pub fn __rust_end_short_backtrace<'tcx>(
+                    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+                    span: Span,
+                    key: queries::$name::Key<'tcx>,
+                    __mode: QueryMode,
+                ) -> Option<Erase<queries::$name::Value<'tcx>>> {
+                    Some(get_query_non_incr(
+                        QueryType::config(tcx),
+                        QueryCtxt::new(tcx),
+                        span,
+                        key,
+                    ))
                 }
-            )*
-        }
-
-        $(impl<'tcx> QueryConfig<QueryCtxt<'tcx>> for queries::$name<'tcx> {
-            type Key = query_keys::$name<'tcx>;
-            type Value = Erase<query_values::$name<'tcx>>;
-
-            #[inline(always)]
-            fn name(self) -> &'static str {
-                stringify!($name)
-            }
-
-            #[inline]
-            fn format_value(self) -> fn(&Self::Value) -> String {
-                |value| format!("{:?}", restore::<query_values::$name<'tcx>>(*value))
-            }
-
-            #[inline]
-            fn cache_on_disk(self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, key: &Self::Key) -> bool {
-                ::rustc_middle::query::cached::$name(tcx, key)
             }
 
-            type Cache = query_storage::$name<'tcx>;
-
-            #[inline(always)]
-            fn query_state<'a>(self, tcx: QueryCtxt<'tcx>) -> &'a QueryState<Self::Key, crate::dep_graph::DepKind>
-                where QueryCtxt<'tcx>: 'a
-            {
-                &tcx.query_system.states.$name
+            pub fn dynamic_query<'tcx>() -> DynamicQuery<'tcx, queries::$name::Storage<'tcx>> {
+                DynamicQuery {
+                    name: stringify!($name),
+                    eval_always: is_eval_always!([$($modifiers)*]),
+                    dep_kind: dep_graph::DepKind::$name,
+                    handle_cycle_error: handle_cycle_error!([$($modifiers)*]),
+                    query_state: offset_of!(QueryStates<'tcx> => $name),
+                    query_cache: offset_of!(QueryCaches<'tcx> => $name),
+                    cache_on_disk: |tcx, key| ::rustc_middle::query::cached::$name(tcx, key),
+                    execute_query: |tcx, key| erase(tcx.$name(key)),
+                    compute: |tcx, key| {
+                        __rust_begin_short_backtrace(||
+                            queries::$name::provided_to_erased(
+                                tcx,
+                                call_provider!([$($modifiers)*][tcx, $name, key])
+                            )
+                        )
+                    },
+                    can_load_from_disk: should_ever_cache_on_disk!([$($modifiers)*] true false),
+                    try_load_from_disk: should_ever_cache_on_disk!([$($modifiers)*] {
+                        |tcx, key, prev_index, index| {
+                            if ::rustc_middle::query::cached::$name(tcx, key) {
+                                let value = $crate::plumbing::try_load_from_disk::<
+                                    queries::$name::ProvidedValue<'tcx>
+                                >(
+                                    tcx,
+                                    prev_index,
+                                    index,
+                                );
+                                value.map(|value| queries::$name::provided_to_erased(tcx, value))
+                            } else {
+                                None
+                            }
+                        }
+                    } {
+                        |_tcx, _key, _prev_index, _index| None
+                    }),
+                    value_from_cycle_error: |tcx, cycle| {
+                        let result: queries::$name::Value<'tcx> = Value::from_cycle_error(tcx, cycle);
+                        erase(result)
+                    },
+                    loadable_from_disk: |_tcx, _key, _index| {
+                        should_ever_cache_on_disk!([$($modifiers)*] {
+                            ::rustc_middle::query::cached::$name(_tcx, _key) &&
+                                $crate::plumbing::loadable_from_disk(_tcx, _index)
+                        } {
+                            false
+                        })
+                    },
+                    hash_result: hash_result!([$($modifiers)*][queries::$name::Value<'tcx>]),
+                    format_value: |value| format!("{:?}", restore::<queries::$name::Value<'tcx>>(*value)),
+                }
             }
 
-            #[inline(always)]
-            fn query_cache<'a>(self, tcx: QueryCtxt<'tcx>) -> &'a Self::Cache
-                where 'tcx:'a
-            {
-                &tcx.query_system.caches.$name
+            #[derive(Copy, Clone, Default)]
+            pub struct QueryType<'tcx> {
+                data: PhantomData<&'tcx ()>
             }
 
-            fn execute_query(self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, key: Self::Key) -> Self::Value {
-                erase(tcx.$name(key))
-            }
+            impl<'tcx> QueryConfigRestored<'tcx> for QueryType<'tcx> {
+                type RestoredValue = queries::$name::Value<'tcx>;
+                type Config = DynamicConfig<
+                    'tcx,
+                    queries::$name::Storage<'tcx>,
+                    { is_anon!([$($modifiers)*]) },
+                    { depth_limit!([$($modifiers)*]) },
+                    { feedable!([$($modifiers)*]) },
+                >;
 
-            #[inline]
-            #[allow(unused_variables)]
-            fn compute(self, qcx: QueryCtxt<'tcx>, key: Self::Key) -> Self::Value {
-                query_provided_to_value::$name(
-                    qcx.tcx,
-                    call_provider!([$($modifiers)*][qcx.tcx, $name, key])
-                )
-            }
-
-            #[inline]
-            fn try_load_from_disk(
-                self,
-                _qcx: QueryCtxt<'tcx>,
-                _key: &Self::Key
-            ) -> rustc_query_system::query::TryLoadFromDisk<QueryCtxt<'tcx>, Self::Value> {
-                should_ever_cache_on_disk!([$($modifiers)*] {
-                    if ::rustc_middle::query::cached::$name(_qcx.tcx, _key) {
-                        Some(|qcx: QueryCtxt<'tcx>, dep_node| {
-                            let value = $crate::plumbing::try_load_from_disk::<query_provided::$name<'tcx>>(
-                                qcx.tcx,
-                                dep_node
-                            );
-                            value.map(|value| query_provided_to_value::$name(qcx.tcx, value))
-                        })
-                    } else {
-                        None
+                #[inline(always)]
+                fn config(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> Self::Config {
+                    DynamicConfig {
+                        dynamic: &tcx.query_system.dynamic_queries.$name,
                     }
-                } {
-                    None
-                })
-            }
-
-            #[inline]
-            fn loadable_from_disk(
-                self,
-                _qcx: QueryCtxt<'tcx>,
-                _key: &Self::Key,
-                _index: SerializedDepNodeIndex,
-            ) -> bool {
-                should_ever_cache_on_disk!([$($modifiers)*] {
-                    self.cache_on_disk(_qcx.tcx, _key) &&
-                        $crate::plumbing::loadable_from_disk(_qcx.tcx, _index)
-                } {
-                    false
-                })
-            }
+                }
 
-            #[inline]
-            fn value_from_cycle_error(
-                self,
-                tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-                cycle: &[QueryInfo<DepKind>],
-            ) -> Self::Value {
-                let result: query_values::$name<'tcx> = Value::from_cycle_error(tcx, cycle);
-                erase(result)
+                #[inline(always)]
+                fn restore(value: <Self::Config as QueryConfig<QueryCtxt<'tcx>>>::Value) -> Self::RestoredValue {
+                    restore::<queries::$name::Value<'tcx>>(value)
+                }
             }
 
-            #[inline(always)]
-            fn anon(self) -> bool {
-                is_anon!([$($modifiers)*])
+            pub fn try_collect_active_jobs<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, qmap: &mut QueryMap<DepKind>) {
+                let make_query = |tcx, key| {
+                    let kind = rustc_middle::dep_graph::DepKind::$name;
+                    let name = stringify!($name);
+                    $crate::plumbing::create_query_frame(tcx, rustc_middle::query::descs::$name, key, kind, name)
+                };
+                tcx.query_system.states.$name.try_collect_active_jobs(
+                    tcx,
+                    make_query,
+                    qmap,
+                ).unwrap();
             }
 
-            #[inline(always)]
-            fn eval_always(self) -> bool {
-                is_eval_always!([$($modifiers)*])
+            pub fn alloc_self_profile_query_strings<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, string_cache: &mut QueryKeyStringCache) {
+                $crate::profiling_support::alloc_self_profile_query_strings_for_query_cache(
+                    tcx,
+                    stringify!($name),
+                    &tcx.query_system.caches.$name,
+                    string_cache,
+                )
             }
 
-            #[inline(always)]
-            fn depth_limit(self) -> bool {
-                depth_limit!([$($modifiers)*])
-            }
+            item_if_cached! { [$($modifiers)*] {
+                pub fn encode_query_results<'tcx>(
+                    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+                    encoder: &mut CacheEncoder<'_, 'tcx>,
+                    query_result_index: &mut EncodedDepNodeIndex
+                ) {
+                    $crate::plumbing::encode_query_results::<query_impl::$name::QueryType<'tcx>>(
+                        query_impl::$name::QueryType::config(tcx),
+                        QueryCtxt::new(tcx),
+                        encoder,
+                        query_result_index,
+                    )
+                }
+            }}
+        })*}
 
-            #[inline(always)]
-            fn feedable(self) -> bool {
-                feedable!([$($modifiers)*])
+        pub(crate) fn engine(incremental: bool) -> QueryEngine {
+            if incremental {
+                QueryEngine {
+                    $($name: query_impl::$name::get_query_incr::__rust_end_short_backtrace,)*
+                }
+            } else {
+                QueryEngine {
+                    $($name: query_impl::$name::get_query_non_incr::__rust_end_short_backtrace,)*
+                }
             }
+        }
 
-            #[inline(always)]
-            fn dep_kind(self) -> rustc_middle::dep_graph::DepKind {
-                dep_graph::DepKind::$name
+        pub fn dynamic_queries<'tcx>() -> DynamicQueries<'tcx> {
+            DynamicQueries {
+                $(
+                    $name: query_impl::$name::dynamic_query(),
+                )*
             }
+        }
 
-            #[inline(always)]
-            fn handle_cycle_error(self) -> rustc_query_system::HandleCycleError {
-                handle_cycle_error!([$($modifiers)*])
-            }
+        // These arrays are used for iteration and can't be indexed by `DepKind`.
 
-            #[inline(always)]
-            fn hash_result(self) -> rustc_query_system::query::HashResult<Self::Value> {
-                hash_result!([$($modifiers)*][query_values::$name<'tcx>])
-            }
-        })*
+        const TRY_COLLECT_ACTIVE_JOBS: &[for<'tcx> fn(TyCtxt<'tcx>, &mut QueryMap<DepKind>)] =
+            &[$(query_impl::$name::try_collect_active_jobs),*];
 
-        $(impl<'tcx> QueryConfigRestored<'tcx> for queries::$name<'tcx> {
-            type RestoredValue = query_values::$name<'tcx>;
+        const ALLOC_SELF_PROFILE_QUERY_STRINGS: &[
+            for<'tcx> fn(TyCtxt<'tcx>, &mut QueryKeyStringCache)
+        ] = &[$(query_impl::$name::alloc_self_profile_query_strings),*];
 
-            #[inline(always)]
-            fn restore(value: <Self as QueryConfig<QueryCtxt<'tcx>>>::Value) -> Self::RestoredValue {
-                restore::<query_values::$name<'tcx>>(value)
-            }
-        })*
+        const ENCODE_QUERY_RESULTS: &[
+            Option<for<'tcx> fn(
+                TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+                &mut CacheEncoder<'_, 'tcx>,
+                &mut EncodedDepNodeIndex)
+            >
+        ] = &[$(expand_if_cached!([$($modifiers)*], query_impl::$name::encode_query_results)),*];
 
         #[allow(nonstandard_style)]
         mod query_callbacks {
@@ -718,71 +775,13 @@ macro_rules! define_queries {
             }
 
             $(pub(crate) fn $name<'tcx>()-> DepKindStruct<'tcx> {
-                $crate::plumbing::query_callback::<queries::$name<'tcx>>(
+                $crate::plumbing::query_callback::<query_impl::$name::QueryType<'tcx>>(
                     is_anon!([$($modifiers)*]),
                     is_eval_always!([$($modifiers)*]),
                 )
             })*
         }
 
-        mod query_structs {
-            use super::*;
-            use rustc_middle::ty::query::QueryStruct;
-            use rustc_middle::ty::query::QueryKeyStringCache;
-            use rustc_middle::dep_graph::DepKind;
-
-            pub(super) const fn dummy_query_struct<'tcx>() -> QueryStruct<'tcx> {
-                fn noop_try_collect_active_jobs(_: TyCtxt<'_>, _: &mut QueryMap<DepKind>) -> Option<()> {
-                    None
-                }
-                fn noop_alloc_self_profile_query_strings(_: TyCtxt<'_>, _: &mut QueryKeyStringCache) {}
-
-                QueryStruct {
-                    try_collect_active_jobs: noop_try_collect_active_jobs,
-                    alloc_self_profile_query_strings: noop_alloc_self_profile_query_strings,
-                    encode_query_results: None,
-                }
-            }
-
-            pub(super) use dummy_query_struct as Null;
-            pub(super) use dummy_query_struct as Red;
-            pub(super) use dummy_query_struct as TraitSelect;
-            pub(super) use dummy_query_struct as CompileCodegenUnit;
-            pub(super) use dummy_query_struct as CompileMonoItem;
-
-            $(
-            pub(super) const fn $name<'tcx>() -> QueryStruct<'tcx> { QueryStruct {
-                try_collect_active_jobs: |tcx, qmap| {
-                    let make_query = |tcx, key| {
-                        let kind = rustc_middle::dep_graph::DepKind::$name;
-                        let name = stringify!($name);
-                        $crate::plumbing::create_query_frame(tcx, rustc_middle::query::descs::$name, key, kind, name)
-                    };
-                    tcx.query_system.states.$name.try_collect_active_jobs(
-                        tcx,
-                        make_query,
-                        qmap,
-                    )
-                },
-                alloc_self_profile_query_strings: |tcx, string_cache| {
-                    $crate::profiling_support::alloc_self_profile_query_strings_for_query_cache(
-                        tcx,
-                        stringify!($name),
-                        &tcx.query_system.caches.$name,
-                        string_cache,
-                    )
-                },
-                encode_query_results: expand_if_cached!([$($modifiers)*], |tcx, encoder, query_result_index|
-                    $crate::plumbing::encode_query_results::<super::queries::$name<'tcx>>(
-                        super::queries::$name::default(),
-                        QueryCtxt::new(tcx),
-                        encoder,
-                        query_result_index,
-                    )
-                ),
-            }})*
-        }
-
         pub fn query_callbacks<'tcx>(arena: &'tcx Arena<'tcx>) -> &'tcx [DepKindStruct<'tcx>] {
             arena.alloc_from_iter(make_dep_kind_array!(query_callbacks))
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_query_impl/src/profiling_support.rs b/compiler/rustc_query_impl/src/profiling_support.rs
index 7d9306f8087..fbc6db93e01 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_query_impl/src/profiling_support.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_query_impl/src/profiling_support.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use measureme::{StringComponent, StringId};
 use rustc_data_structures::profiling::SelfProfiler;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{CrateNum, DefId, DefIndex, LocalDefId, LOCAL_CRATE};
 use rustc_hir::definitions::DefPathData;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::QueryKeyStringCache;
+use rustc_middle::query::plumbing::QueryKeyStringCache;
 use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
 use rustc_query_system::query::QueryCache;
 use std::fmt::Debug;
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ pub fn alloc_self_profile_query_strings(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>) {
 
     let mut string_cache = QueryKeyStringCache::new();
 
-    for query in &tcx.query_system.fns.query_structs {
-        (query.alloc_self_profile_query_strings)(tcx, &mut string_cache);
+    for alloc in super::ALLOC_SELF_PROFILE_QUERY_STRINGS.iter() {
+        alloc(tcx, &mut string_cache)
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_query_system/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_query_system/messages.ftl
index 0d01123ad88..49b423d1ade 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_query_system/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_query_system/messages.ftl
@@ -1,30 +1,30 @@
-query_system_reentrant = internal compiler error: reentrant incremental verify failure, suppressing message
-
-query_system_increment_compilation = internal compiler error: encountered incremental compilation error with {$dep_node}
-    .help = This is a known issue with the compiler. Run {$run_cmd} to allow your project to compile
-
-query_system_increment_compilation_note1 = Please follow the instructions below to create a bug report with the provided information
-query_system_increment_compilation_note2 = See <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/84970> for more information
-
 query_system_cycle = cycle detected when {$stack_bottom}
 
-query_system_cycle_usage = cycle used when {$usage}
+query_system_cycle_recursive_trait_alias = trait aliases cannot be recursive
 
-query_system_cycle_stack_single = ...which immediately requires {$stack_bottom} again
+query_system_cycle_recursive_ty_alias = type aliases cannot be recursive
+query_system_cycle_recursive_ty_alias_help1 = consider using a struct, enum, or union instead to break the cycle
+query_system_cycle_recursive_ty_alias_help2 = see <https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/types.html#recursive-types> for more information
 
 query_system_cycle_stack_middle = ...which requires {$desc}...
 
 query_system_cycle_stack_multiple = ...which again requires {$stack_bottom}, completing the cycle
 
-query_system_cycle_recursive_ty_alias = type aliases cannot be recursive
-query_system_cycle_recursive_ty_alias_help1 = consider using a struct, enum, or union instead to break the cycle
-query_system_cycle_recursive_ty_alias_help2 = see <https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/types.html#recursive-types> for more information
+query_system_cycle_stack_single = ...which immediately requires {$stack_bottom} again
 
-query_system_cycle_recursive_trait_alias = trait aliases cannot be recursive
+query_system_cycle_usage = cycle used when {$usage}
 
 query_system_cycle_which_requires = ...which requires {$desc}...
 
+query_system_increment_compilation = internal compiler error: encountered incremental compilation error with {$dep_node}
+    .help = This is a known issue with the compiler. Run {$run_cmd} to allow your project to compile
+
+query_system_increment_compilation_note1 = Please follow the instructions below to create a bug report with the provided information
+query_system_increment_compilation_note2 = See <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/84970> for more information
+
+query_system_layout_of_depth = query depth increased by {$depth} when {$desc}
+
 query_system_query_overflow = queries overflow the depth limit!
     .help = consider increasing the recursion limit by adding a `#![recursion_limit = "{$suggested_limit}"]` attribute to your crate (`{$crate_name}`)
 
-query_system_layout_of_depth = query depth increased by {$depth} when {$desc}
+query_system_reentrant = internal compiler error: reentrant incremental verify failure, suppressing message
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/graph.rs b/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/graph.rs
index 8de4d06fe78..c0d7386dd6a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/graph.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/graph.rs
@@ -656,7 +656,7 @@ impl<K: DepKind> DepGraphData<K> {
     /// current compilation session. Used in various assertions
     #[inline]
     pub fn is_index_green(&self, prev_index: SerializedDepNodeIndex) -> bool {
-        self.colors.get(prev_index).map_or(false, |c| c.is_green())
+        self.colors.get(prev_index).is_some_and(|c| c.is_green())
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -677,7 +677,7 @@ impl<K: DepKind> DepGraphData<K> {
 impl<K: DepKind> DepGraph<K> {
     #[inline]
     pub fn dep_node_exists(&self, dep_node: &DepNode<K>) -> bool {
-        self.data.as_ref().map_or(false, |data| data.dep_node_exists(dep_node))
+        self.data.as_ref().is_some_and(|data| data.dep_node_exists(dep_node))
     }
 
     /// Checks whether a previous work product exists for `v` and, if
@@ -955,7 +955,7 @@ impl<K: DepKind> DepGraph<K> {
     /// Returns true if the given node has been marked as green during the
     /// current compilation session. Used in various assertions
     pub fn is_green(&self, dep_node: &DepNode<K>) -> bool {
-        self.node_color(dep_node).map_or(false, |c| c.is_green())
+        self.node_color(dep_node).is_some_and(|c| c.is_green())
     }
 
     /// This method loads all on-disk cacheable query results into memory, so
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/ich/impls_syntax.rs b/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/ich/impls_syntax.rs
index 8865ecf3e05..e673d5b8c6e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/ich/impls_syntax.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/ich/impls_syntax.rs
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ impl<'a> HashStable<StableHashingContext<'a>> for [ast::Attribute] {
             .iter()
             .filter(|attr| {
                 !attr.is_doc_comment()
-                    && !attr.ident().map_or(false, |ident| hcx.is_ignored_attr(ident.name))
+                    && !attr.ident().is_some_and(|ident| hcx.is_ignored_attr(ident.name))
             })
             .collect();
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ impl<'a> HashStable<StableHashingContext<'a>> for [ast::Attribute] {
 impl<'ctx> rustc_ast::HashStableContext for StableHashingContext<'ctx> {
     fn hash_attr(&mut self, attr: &ast::Attribute, hasher: &mut StableHasher) {
         // Make sure that these have been filtered out.
-        debug_assert!(!attr.ident().map_or(false, |ident| self.is_ignored_attr(ident.name)));
+        debug_assert!(!attr.ident().is_some_and(|ident| self.is_ignored_attr(ident.name)));
         debug_assert!(!attr.is_doc_comment());
 
         let ast::Attribute { kind, id: _, style, span } = attr;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/query/config.rs b/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/query/config.rs
index bb9ea50a1ea..7e47d701205 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/query/config.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/query/config.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ use crate::dep_graph::{DepNode, DepNodeParams, SerializedDepNodeIndex};
 use crate::error::HandleCycleError;
 use crate::ich::StableHashingContext;
 use crate::query::caches::QueryCache;
+use crate::query::DepNodeIndex;
 use crate::query::{QueryContext, QueryInfo, QueryState};
 
 use rustc_data_structures::fingerprint::Fingerprint;
@@ -12,8 +13,6 @@ use std::hash::Hash;
 
 pub type HashResult<V> = Option<fn(&mut StableHashingContext<'_>, &V) -> Fingerprint>;
 
-pub type TryLoadFromDisk<Qcx, V> = Option<fn(Qcx, SerializedDepNodeIndex) -> Option<V>>;
-
 pub trait QueryConfig<Qcx: QueryContext>: Copy {
     fn name(self) -> &'static str;
 
@@ -43,7 +42,13 @@ pub trait QueryConfig<Qcx: QueryContext>: Copy {
 
     fn compute(self, tcx: Qcx, key: Self::Key) -> Self::Value;
 
-    fn try_load_from_disk(self, qcx: Qcx, idx: &Self::Key) -> TryLoadFromDisk<Qcx, Self::Value>;
+    fn try_load_from_disk(
+        self,
+        tcx: Qcx,
+        key: &Self::Key,
+        prev_index: SerializedDepNodeIndex,
+        index: DepNodeIndex,
+    ) -> Option<Self::Value>;
 
     fn loadable_from_disk(self, qcx: Qcx, key: &Self::Key, idx: SerializedDepNodeIndex) -> bool;
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/query/job.rs b/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/query/job.rs
index 5f2ec656d1d..f45f7ca5da6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/query/job.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/query/job.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use {
     rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashSet,
     rustc_data_structures::sync::Lock,
     rustc_data_structures::sync::Lrc,
-    rustc_data_structures::{jobserver, OnDrop},
+    rustc_data_structures::{defer, jobserver},
     rustc_span::DUMMY_SP,
     std::iter,
     std::process,
@@ -530,7 +530,7 @@ fn remove_cycle<D: DepKind>(
 /// all active queries for cycles before finally resuming all the waiters at once.
 #[cfg(parallel_compiler)]
 pub fn deadlock<D: DepKind>(query_map: QueryMap<D>, registry: &rayon_core::Registry) {
-    let on_panic = OnDrop(|| {
+    let on_panic = defer(|| {
         eprintln!("deadlock handler panicked, aborting process");
         process::abort();
     });
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/query/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/query/mod.rs
index fa1f51b04da..f7619d75be7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/query/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/query/mod.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ pub use self::caches::{
 };
 
 mod config;
-pub use self::config::{HashResult, QueryConfig, TryLoadFromDisk};
+pub use self::config::{HashResult, QueryConfig};
 
 use crate::dep_graph::DepKind;
 use crate::dep_graph::{DepNodeIndex, HasDepContext, SerializedDepNodeIndex};
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/query/plumbing.rs b/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/query/plumbing.rs
index 3b17c665fb7..730e4c8d30d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/query/plumbing.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/query/plumbing.rs
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ where
 }
 
 #[inline(never)]
-fn try_execute_query<Q, Qcx>(
+fn try_execute_query<Q, Qcx, const INCR: bool>(
     query: Q,
     qcx: Qcx,
     span: Span,
@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ where
             // Drop the lock before we start executing the query
             drop(state_lock);
 
-            execute_job(query, qcx, state, key, id, dep_node)
+            execute_job::<_, _, INCR>(query, qcx, state, key, id, dep_node)
         }
         Entry::Occupied(mut entry) => {
             match entry.get_mut() {
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ where
 }
 
 #[inline(always)]
-fn execute_job<Q, Qcx>(
+fn execute_job<Q, Qcx, const INCR: bool>(
     query: Q,
     qcx: Qcx,
     state: &QueryState<Q::Key, Qcx::DepKind>,
@@ -398,9 +398,19 @@ where
     // Use `JobOwner` so the query will be poisoned if executing it panics.
     let job_owner = JobOwner { state, key };
 
-    let (result, dep_node_index) = match qcx.dep_context().dep_graph().data() {
-        None => execute_job_non_incr(query, qcx, key, id),
-        Some(data) => execute_job_incr(query, qcx, data, key, dep_node, id),
+    debug_assert_eq!(qcx.dep_context().dep_graph().is_fully_enabled(), INCR);
+
+    let (result, dep_node_index) = if INCR {
+        execute_job_incr(
+            query,
+            qcx,
+            qcx.dep_context().dep_graph().data().unwrap(),
+            key,
+            dep_node,
+            id,
+        )
+    } else {
+        execute_job_non_incr(query, qcx, key, id)
     };
 
     let cache = query.query_cache(qcx);
@@ -423,16 +433,22 @@ where
                 (hasher(&mut hcx, &cached_result), hasher(&mut hcx, &result))
             });
             let formatter = query.format_value();
-            debug_assert_eq!(
-                old_hash,
-                new_hash,
-                "Computed query value for {:?}({:?}) is inconsistent with fed value,\n\
-                computed={:#?}\nfed={:#?}",
-                query.dep_kind(),
-                key,
-                formatter(&result),
-                formatter(&cached_result),
-            );
+            if old_hash != new_hash {
+                // We have an inconsistency. This can happen if one of the two
+                // results is tainted by errors. In this case, delay a bug to
+                // ensure compilation is doomed.
+                qcx.dep_context().sess().delay_span_bug(
+                    DUMMY_SP,
+                    format!(
+                        "Computed query value for {:?}({:?}) is inconsistent with fed value,\n\
+                        computed={:#?}\nfed={:#?}",
+                        query.dep_kind(),
+                        key,
+                        formatter(&result),
+                        formatter(&cached_result),
+                    ),
+                );
+            }
         }
     }
     job_owner.complete(cache, result, dep_node_index);
@@ -564,59 +580,44 @@ where
 
     // First we try to load the result from the on-disk cache.
     // Some things are never cached on disk.
-    if let Some(try_load_from_disk) = query.try_load_from_disk(qcx, &key) {
-        let prof_timer = qcx.dep_context().profiler().incr_cache_loading();
-
-        // The call to `with_query_deserialization` enforces that no new `DepNodes`
-        // are created during deserialization. See the docs of that method for more
-        // details.
-        let result = qcx
-            .dep_context()
-            .dep_graph()
-            .with_query_deserialization(|| try_load_from_disk(qcx, prev_dep_node_index));
-
-        prof_timer.finish_with_query_invocation_id(dep_node_index.into());
-
-        if let Some(result) = result {
-            if std::intrinsics::unlikely(
-                qcx.dep_context().sess().opts.unstable_opts.query_dep_graph,
-            ) {
-                dep_graph_data.mark_debug_loaded_from_disk(*dep_node)
-            }
-
-            let prev_fingerprint = dep_graph_data.prev_fingerprint_of(prev_dep_node_index);
-            // If `-Zincremental-verify-ich` is specified, re-hash results from
-            // the cache and make sure that they have the expected fingerprint.
-            //
-            // If not, we still seek to verify a subset of fingerprints loaded
-            // from disk. Re-hashing results is fairly expensive, so we can't
-            // currently afford to verify every hash. This subset should still
-            // give us some coverage of potential bugs though.
-            let try_verify = prev_fingerprint.split().1.as_u64() % 32 == 0;
-            if std::intrinsics::unlikely(
-                try_verify || qcx.dep_context().sess().opts.unstable_opts.incremental_verify_ich,
-            ) {
-                incremental_verify_ich(
-                    *qcx.dep_context(),
-                    dep_graph_data,
-                    &result,
-                    prev_dep_node_index,
-                    query.hash_result(),
-                    query.format_value(),
-                );
-            }
+    if let Some(result) = query.try_load_from_disk(qcx, key, prev_dep_node_index, dep_node_index) {
+        if std::intrinsics::unlikely(qcx.dep_context().sess().opts.unstable_opts.query_dep_graph) {
+            dep_graph_data.mark_debug_loaded_from_disk(*dep_node)
+        }
 
-            return Some((result, dep_node_index));
+        let prev_fingerprint = dep_graph_data.prev_fingerprint_of(prev_dep_node_index);
+        // If `-Zincremental-verify-ich` is specified, re-hash results from
+        // the cache and make sure that they have the expected fingerprint.
+        //
+        // If not, we still seek to verify a subset of fingerprints loaded
+        // from disk. Re-hashing results is fairly expensive, so we can't
+        // currently afford to verify every hash. This subset should still
+        // give us some coverage of potential bugs though.
+        let try_verify = prev_fingerprint.split().1.as_u64() % 32 == 0;
+        if std::intrinsics::unlikely(
+            try_verify || qcx.dep_context().sess().opts.unstable_opts.incremental_verify_ich,
+        ) {
+            incremental_verify_ich(
+                *qcx.dep_context(),
+                dep_graph_data,
+                &result,
+                prev_dep_node_index,
+                query.hash_result(),
+                query.format_value(),
+            );
         }
 
-        // We always expect to find a cached result for things that
-        // can be forced from `DepNode`.
-        debug_assert!(
-            !qcx.dep_context().fingerprint_style(dep_node.kind).reconstructible(),
-            "missing on-disk cache entry for reconstructible {dep_node:?}"
-        );
+        return Some((result, dep_node_index));
     }
 
+    // We always expect to find a cached result for things that
+    // can be forced from `DepNode`.
+    debug_assert!(
+        !query.cache_on_disk(*qcx.dep_context(), key)
+            || !qcx.dep_context().fingerprint_style(dep_node.kind).reconstructible(),
+        "missing on-disk cache entry for {dep_node:?}"
+    );
+
     // Sanity check for the logic in `ensure`: if the node is green and the result loadable,
     // we should actually be able to load it.
     debug_assert!(
@@ -799,7 +800,18 @@ pub enum QueryMode {
 }
 
 #[inline(always)]
-pub fn get_query<Q, Qcx>(
+pub fn get_query_non_incr<Q, Qcx>(query: Q, qcx: Qcx, span: Span, key: Q::Key) -> Q::Value
+where
+    Q: QueryConfig<Qcx>,
+    Qcx: QueryContext,
+{
+    debug_assert!(!qcx.dep_context().dep_graph().is_fully_enabled());
+
+    ensure_sufficient_stack(|| try_execute_query::<Q, Qcx, false>(query, qcx, span, key, None).0)
+}
+
+#[inline(always)]
+pub fn get_query_incr<Q, Qcx>(
     query: Q,
     qcx: Qcx,
     span: Span,
@@ -810,6 +822,8 @@ where
     Q: QueryConfig<Qcx>,
     Qcx: QueryContext,
 {
+    debug_assert!(qcx.dep_context().dep_graph().is_fully_enabled());
+
     let dep_node = if let QueryMode::Ensure { check_cache } = mode {
         let (must_run, dep_node) = ensure_must_run(query, qcx, &key, check_cache);
         if !must_run {
@@ -820,8 +834,9 @@ where
         None
     };
 
-    let (result, dep_node_index) =
-        ensure_sufficient_stack(|| try_execute_query(query, qcx, span, key, dep_node));
+    let (result, dep_node_index) = ensure_sufficient_stack(|| {
+        try_execute_query::<_, _, true>(query, qcx, span, key, dep_node)
+    });
     if let Some(dep_node_index) = dep_node_index {
         qcx.dep_context().dep_graph().read_index(dep_node_index)
     }
@@ -846,5 +861,7 @@ pub fn force_query<Q, Qcx>(
 
     debug_assert!(!query.anon());
 
-    ensure_sufficient_stack(|| try_execute_query(query, qcx, DUMMY_SP, key, Some(dep_node)));
+    ensure_sufficient_stack(|| {
+        try_execute_query::<_, _, true>(query, qcx, DUMMY_SP, key, Some(dep_node))
+    });
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/Cargo.toml b/compiler/rustc_resolve/Cargo.toml
index 1c16d85f1b9..46da0aa2853 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/Cargo.toml
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/Cargo.toml
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ edition = "2021"
 
 [dependencies]
 bitflags = "1.2.1"
-pulldown-cmark = { version = "0.9.2", default-features = false }
+pulldown-cmark = { version = "0.9.3", default-features = false }
 rustc_arena = { path = "../rustc_arena" }
 rustc_ast = { path = "../rustc_ast" }
 rustc_ast_pretty = { path = "../rustc_ast_pretty" }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_resolve/messages.ftl
index ff8bd462dd8..539b88aa9d3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/messages.ftl
@@ -1,79 +1,90 @@
-resolve_parent_module_reset_for_binding =
-    parent module is reset for binding
+resolve_accessible_unsure = not sure whether the path is accessible or not
+    .note = the type may have associated items, but we are currently not checking them
+
+resolve_add_as_non_derive =
+    add as non-Derive macro
+    `#[{$macro_path}]`
 
 resolve_ampersand_used_without_explicit_lifetime_name =
     `&` without an explicit lifetime name cannot be used here
     .note = explicit lifetime name needed here
 
-resolve_underscore_lifetime_name_cannot_be_used_here =
-    `'_` cannot be used here
-    .note = `'_` is a reserved lifetime name
+resolve_ancestor_only =
+    visibilities can only be restricted to ancestor modules
 
-resolve_crate_may_not_be_imported =
-    `$crate` may not be imported
+resolve_associated_const_with_similar_name_exists =
+    there is an associated constant with a similar name
 
-resolve_crate_root_imports_must_be_named_explicitly =
-    crate root imports need to be explicitly named: `use crate as name;`
+resolve_associated_fn_with_similar_name_exists =
+    there is an associated function with a similar name
 
-resolve_generic_params_from_outer_function =
-    can't use generic parameters from outer function
-    .label = use of generic parameter from outer function
-    .suggestion = try using a local generic parameter instead
+resolve_associated_type_with_similar_name_exists =
+    there is an associated type with a similar name
 
-resolve_self_type_implicitly_declared_by_impl =
-    `Self` type implicitly declared here, by this `impl`
+resolve_attempt_to_use_non_constant_value_in_constant =
+    attempt to use a non-constant value in a constant
+
+resolve_attempt_to_use_non_constant_value_in_constant_label_with_suggestion =
+    non-constant value
+
+resolve_attempt_to_use_non_constant_value_in_constant_with_suggestion =
+    consider using `{$suggestion}` instead of `{$current}`
+
+resolve_attempt_to_use_non_constant_value_in_constant_without_suggestion =
+    this would need to be a `{$suggestion}`
+
+resolve_binding_shadows_something_unacceptable =
+    {$shadowing_binding}s cannot shadow {$shadowed_binding}s
+    .label = cannot be named the same as {$article} {$shadowed_binding}
+    .label_shadowed_binding = the {$shadowed_binding} `{$name}` is {$participle} here
+
+resolve_binding_shadows_something_unacceptable_suggestion =
+    try specify the pattern arguments
+
+resolve_cannot_capture_dynamic_environment_in_fn_item =
+    can't capture dynamic environment in a fn item
+    .help = use the `|| {"{"} ... {"}"}` closure form instead
 
 resolve_cannot_use_self_type_here =
     can't use `Self` here
 
-resolve_use_a_type_here_instead =
-    use a type here instead
-
-resolve_type_param_from_outer_fn =
-    type parameter from outer function
+resolve_const_not_member_of_trait =
+    const `{$const_}` is not a member of trait `{$trait_}`
+    .label = not a member of trait `{$trait_}`
 
 resolve_const_param_from_outer_fn =
     const parameter from outer function
 
-resolve_try_using_local_generic_parameter =
-    try using a local generic parameter instead
-
-resolve_try_adding_local_generic_param_on_method =
-    try adding a local generic parameter in this method instead
-
-resolve_help_try_using_local_generic_param =
-    try using a local generic parameter instead
+resolve_const_param_in_enum_discriminant =
+    const parameters may not be used in enum discriminant values
 
-resolve_name_is_already_used_as_generic_parameter =
-    the name `{$name}` is already used for a generic parameter in this item's generic parameters
-    .label = already used
-    .first_use_of_name = first use of `{$name}`
+resolve_const_param_in_non_trivial_anon_const =
+    const parameters may only be used as standalone arguments, i.e. `{$name}`
 
-resolve_method_not_member_of_trait =
-    method `{$method}` is not a member of trait `{$trait_}`
-    .label = not a member of trait `{$trait_}`
+resolve_const_param_in_ty_of_const_param =
+    const parameters may not be used in the type of const parameters
 
-resolve_associated_fn_with_similar_name_exists =
-    there is an associated function with a similar name
+resolve_crate_may_not_be_imported =
+    `$crate` may not be imported
 
-resolve_type_not_member_of_trait =
-    type `{$type_}` is not a member of trait `{$trait_}`
-    .label = not a member of trait `{$trait_}`
+resolve_crate_root_imports_must_be_named_explicitly =
+    crate root imports need to be explicitly named: `use crate as name;`
 
-resolve_associated_type_with_similar_name_exists =
-    there is an associated type with a similar name
+resolve_expected_found =
+    expected module, found {$res} `{$path_str}`
+    .label = not a module
 
-resolve_const_not_member_of_trait =
-    const `{$const_}` is not a member of trait `{$trait_}`
-    .label = not a member of trait `{$trait_}`
+resolve_forward_declared_generic_param =
+    generic parameters with a default cannot use forward declared identifiers
+    .label = defaulted generic parameters cannot be forward declared
 
-resolve_associated_const_with_similar_name_exists =
-    there is an associated constant with a similar name
+resolve_generic_params_from_outer_function =
+    can't use generic parameters from outer function
+    .label = use of generic parameter from outer function
+    .suggestion = try using a local generic parameter instead
 
-resolve_variable_bound_with_different_mode =
-    variable `{$variable_name}` is bound inconsistently across alternatives separated by `|`
-    .label = bound in different ways
-    .first_binding_span = first binding
+resolve_help_try_using_local_generic_param =
+    try using a local generic parameter instead
 
 resolve_ident_bound_more_than_once_in_parameter_list =
     identifier `{$identifier}` is bound more than once in this parameter list
@@ -83,121 +94,104 @@ resolve_ident_bound_more_than_once_in_same_pattern =
     identifier `{$identifier}` is bound more than once in the same pattern
     .label = used in a pattern more than once
 
-resolve_undeclared_label =
-    use of undeclared label `{$name}`
-    .label = undeclared label `{$name}`
+resolve_imported_crate = `$crate` may not be imported
 
-resolve_label_with_similar_name_reachable =
-    a label with a similar name is reachable
+resolve_indeterminate =
+    cannot determine resolution for the visibility
 
-resolve_try_using_similarly_named_label =
-    try using similarly named label
+resolve_invalid_asm_sym =
+    invalid `sym` operand
+    .label = is a local variable
+    .help = `sym` operands must refer to either a function or a static
 
-resolve_unreachable_label_with_similar_name_exists =
-    a label with a similar name exists but is unreachable
+resolve_label_with_similar_name_reachable =
+    a label with a similar name is reachable
 
-resolve_self_import_can_only_appear_once_in_the_list =
-    `self` import can only appear once in an import list
-    .label = can only appear once in an import list
+resolve_lifetime_param_in_enum_discriminant =
+    lifetime parameters may not be used in enum discriminant values
 
-resolve_self_import_only_in_import_list_with_non_empty_prefix =
-    `self` import can only appear in an import list with a non-empty prefix
-    .label = can only appear in an import list with a non-empty prefix
+resolve_lifetime_param_in_non_trivial_anon_const =
+    lifetime parameters may not be used in const expressions
 
-resolve_cannot_capture_dynamic_environment_in_fn_item =
-    can't capture dynamic environment in a fn item
-    .help = use the `|| {"{"} ... {"}"}` closure form instead
+resolve_lifetime_param_in_ty_of_const_param =
+    lifetime parameters may not be used in the type of const parameters
 
-resolve_attempt_to_use_non_constant_value_in_constant =
+resolve_lowercase_self =
     attempt to use a non-constant value in a constant
+    .suggestion = try using `Self`
 
-resolve_attempt_to_use_non_constant_value_in_constant_with_suggestion =
-    consider using `{$suggestion}` instead of `{$current}`
-
-resolve_attempt_to_use_non_constant_value_in_constant_label_with_suggestion =
-    non-constant value
+resolve_macro_expected_found =
+    expected {$expected}, found {$found} `{$macro_path}`
 
-resolve_attempt_to_use_non_constant_value_in_constant_without_suggestion =
-    this would need to be a `{$suggestion}`
+resolve_macro_use_extern_crate_self = `#[macro_use]` is not supported on `extern crate self`
 
-resolve_self_imports_only_allowed_within =
-    `self` imports are only allowed within a {"{"} {"}"} list
+resolve_method_not_member_of_trait =
+    method `{$method}` is not a member of trait `{$trait_}`
+    .label = not a member of trait `{$trait_}`
 
-resolve_self_imports_only_allowed_within_suggestion =
-    consider importing the module directly
+resolve_module_only =
+    visibility must resolve to a module
 
-resolve_self_imports_only_allowed_within_multipart_suggestion =
-    alternatively, use the multi-path `use` syntax to import `self`
+resolve_name_is_already_used_as_generic_parameter =
+    the name `{$name}` is already used for a generic parameter in this item's generic parameters
+    .label = already used
+    .first_use_of_name = first use of `{$name}`
 
-resolve_binding_shadows_something_unacceptable =
-    {$shadowing_binding}s cannot shadow {$shadowed_binding}s
-    .label = cannot be named the same as {$article} {$shadowed_binding}
-    .label_shadowed_binding = the {$shadowed_binding} `{$name}` is {$participle} here
+resolve_param_in_enum_discriminant =
+    generic parameters may not be used in enum discriminant values
+    .label = cannot perform const operation using `{$name}`
 
-resolve_binding_shadows_something_unacceptable_suggestion =
-    try specify the pattern arguments
+resolve_param_in_non_trivial_anon_const =
+    generic parameters may not be used in const operations
+    .label = cannot perform const operation using `{$name}`
 
-resolve_forward_declared_generic_param =
-    generic parameters with a default cannot use forward declared identifiers
-    .label = defaulted generic parameters cannot be forward declared
+resolve_param_in_non_trivial_anon_const_help =
+    use `#![feature(generic_const_exprs)]` to allow generic const expressions
 
 resolve_param_in_ty_of_const_param =
     the type of const parameters must not depend on other generic parameters
     .label = the type must not depend on the parameter `{$name}`
 
-resolve_type_param_in_ty_of_const_param =
-    type parameters may not be used in the type of const parameters
-
-resolve_const_param_in_ty_of_const_param =
-    const parameters may not be used in the type of const parameters
-
-resolve_lifetime_param_in_ty_of_const_param =
-    lifetime parameters may not be used in the type of const parameters
-
-resolve_self_in_generic_param_default =
-    generic parameters cannot use `Self` in their defaults
-    .label = `Self` in generic parameter default
+resolve_parent_module_reset_for_binding =
+    parent module is reset for binding
 
-resolve_param_in_non_trivial_anon_const =
-    generic parameters may not be used in const operations
-    .label = cannot perform const operation using `{$name}`
+resolve_proc_macro_same_crate = can't use a procedural macro from the same crate that defines it
+    .help = you can define integration tests in a directory named `tests`
 
-resolve_param_in_non_trivial_anon_const_help =
-    use `#![feature(generic_const_exprs)]` to allow generic const expressions
+resolve_relative_2018 =
+    relative paths are not supported in visibilities in 2018 edition or later
+    .suggestion = try
 
-resolve_type_param_in_non_trivial_anon_const =
-    type parameters may not be used in const expressions
+resolve_remove_surrounding_derive =
+    remove from the surrounding `derive()`
 
-resolve_const_param_in_non_trivial_anon_const =
-    const parameters may only be used as standalone arguments, i.e. `{$name}`
+resolve_self_import_can_only_appear_once_in_the_list =
+    `self` import can only appear once in an import list
+    .label = can only appear once in an import list
 
-resolve_lifetime_param_in_non_trivial_anon_const =
-    lifetime parameters may not be used in const expressions
+resolve_self_import_only_in_import_list_with_non_empty_prefix =
+    `self` import can only appear in an import list with a non-empty prefix
+    .label = can only appear in an import list with a non-empty prefix
 
-resolve_unreachable_label =
-    use of unreachable label `{$name}`
-    .label = unreachable label `{$name}`
-    .label_definition_span = unreachable label defined here
-    .note = labels are unreachable through functions, closures, async blocks and modules
+resolve_self_imports_only_allowed_within =
+    `self` imports are only allowed within a {"{"} {"}"} list
 
-resolve_unreachable_label_suggestion_use_similarly_named =
-    try using similarly named label
+resolve_self_imports_only_allowed_within_multipart_suggestion =
+    alternatively, use the multi-path `use` syntax to import `self`
 
-resolve_unreachable_label_similar_name_reachable =
-    a label with a similar name is reachable
+resolve_self_imports_only_allowed_within_suggestion =
+    consider importing the module directly
 
-resolve_unreachable_label_similar_name_unreachable =
-    a label with a similar name exists but is also unreachable
+resolve_self_in_generic_param_default =
+    generic parameters cannot use `Self` in their defaults
+    .label = `Self` in generic parameter default
 
-resolve_trait_impl_mismatch =
-    item `{$name}` is an associated {$kind}, which doesn't match its trait `{$trait_path}`
-    .label = does not match trait
-    .label_trait_item = item in trait
+resolve_self_type_implicitly_declared_by_impl =
+    `Self` type implicitly declared here, by this `impl`
 
-resolve_invalid_asm_sym =
-    invalid `sym` operand
-    .label = is a local variable
-    .help = `sym` operands must refer to either a function or a static
+resolve_tool_module_imported =
+    cannot use a tool module through an import
+    .note = the tool module imported here
 
 resolve_trait_impl_duplicate =
     duplicate definitions with name `{$name}`:
@@ -205,56 +199,66 @@ resolve_trait_impl_duplicate =
     .old_span_label = previous definition here
     .trait_item_span = item in trait
 
-resolve_relative_2018 =
-    relative paths are not supported in visibilities in 2018 edition or later
-    .suggestion = try
+resolve_trait_impl_mismatch =
+    item `{$name}` is an associated {$kind}, which doesn't match its trait `{$trait_path}`
+    .label = does not match trait
+    .label_trait_item = item in trait
 
-resolve_ancestor_only =
-    visibilities can only be restricted to ancestor modules
+resolve_try_adding_local_generic_param_on_method =
+    try adding a local generic parameter in this method instead
 
-resolve_expected_found =
-    expected module, found {$res} `{$path_str}`
-    .label = not a module
+resolve_try_using_local_generic_parameter =
+    try using a local generic parameter instead
 
-resolve_indeterminate =
-    cannot determine resolution for the visibility
+resolve_try_using_similarly_named_label =
+    try using similarly named label
 
-resolve_tool_module_imported =
-    cannot use a tool module through an import
-    .note = the tool module imported here
+resolve_type_not_member_of_trait =
+    type `{$type_}` is not a member of trait `{$trait_}`
+    .label = not a member of trait `{$trait_}`
 
-resolve_module_only =
-    visibility must resolve to a module
+resolve_type_param_from_outer_fn =
+    type parameter from outer function
 
-resolve_macro_expected_found =
-    expected {$expected}, found {$found} `{$macro_path}`
+resolve_type_param_in_enum_discriminant =
+    type parameters may not be used in enum discriminant values
 
-resolve_remove_surrounding_derive =
-    remove from the surrounding `derive()`
+resolve_type_param_in_non_trivial_anon_const =
+    type parameters may not be used in const expressions
 
-resolve_add_as_non_derive =
-    add as non-Derive macro
-    `#[{$macro_path}]`
+resolve_type_param_in_ty_of_const_param =
+    type parameters may not be used in the type of const parameters
 
-resolve_proc_macro_same_crate = can't use a procedural macro from the same crate that defines it
-    .help = you can define integration tests in a directory named `tests`
+resolve_undeclared_label =
+    use of undeclared label `{$name}`
+    .label = undeclared label `{$name}`
 
-resolve_imported_crate = `$crate` may not be imported
+resolve_underscore_lifetime_name_cannot_be_used_here =
+    `'_` cannot be used here
+    .note = `'_` is a reserved lifetime name
 
-resolve_macro_use_extern_crate_self = `#[macro_use]` is not supported on `extern crate self`
+resolve_unreachable_label =
+    use of unreachable label `{$name}`
+    .label = unreachable label `{$name}`
+    .label_definition_span = unreachable label defined here
+    .note = labels are unreachable through functions, closures, async blocks and modules
 
-resolve_accessible_unsure = not sure whether the path is accessible or not
-    .note = the type may have associated items, but we are currently not checking them
+resolve_unreachable_label_similar_name_reachable =
+    a label with a similar name is reachable
 
-resolve_param_in_enum_discriminant =
-    generic parameters may not be used in enum discriminant values
-    .label = cannot perform const operation using `{$name}`
+resolve_unreachable_label_similar_name_unreachable =
+    a label with a similar name exists but is also unreachable
 
-resolve_type_param_in_enum_discriminant =
-    type parameters may not be used in enum discriminant values
+resolve_unreachable_label_suggestion_use_similarly_named =
+    try using similarly named label
 
-resolve_const_param_in_enum_discriminant =
-    const parameters may not be used in enum discriminant values
+resolve_unreachable_label_with_similar_name_exists =
+    a label with a similar name exists but is unreachable
 
-resolve_lifetime_param_in_enum_discriminant =
-    lifetime parameters may not be used in enum discriminant values
+resolve_use_a_type_here_instead =
+    use a type here instead
+
+resolve_variable_bound_with_different_mode =
+    variable `{$variable_name}` is bound inconsistently across alternatives separated by `|`
+    .label = bound in different ways
+    .first_binding_span = first binding
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/build_reduced_graph.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/build_reduced_graph.rs
index 2438b3a38ed..72777733345 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/build_reduced_graph.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/build_reduced_graph.rs
@@ -9,12 +9,9 @@ use crate::def_collector::collect_definitions;
 use crate::imports::{Import, ImportKind};
 use crate::macros::{MacroRulesBinding, MacroRulesScope, MacroRulesScopeRef};
 use crate::Namespace::{self, MacroNS, TypeNS, ValueNS};
-use crate::{
-    errors, Determinacy, ExternPreludeEntry, Finalize, Module, ModuleKind, ModuleOrUniformRoot,
-};
-use crate::{
-    MacroData, NameBinding, NameBindingKind, ParentScope, PathResult, PerNS, ResolutionError,
-};
+use crate::{errors, BindingKey, MacroData};
+use crate::{Determinacy, ExternPreludeEntry, Finalize, Module, ModuleKind, ModuleOrUniformRoot};
+use crate::{NameBinding, NameBindingKind, ParentScope, PathResult, PerNS, ResolutionError};
 use crate::{Resolver, ResolverArenas, Segment, ToNameBinding, VisResolutionError};
 
 use rustc_ast::visit::{self, AssocCtxt, Visitor};
@@ -72,7 +69,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
         T: ToNameBinding<'a>,
     {
         let binding = def.to_name_binding(self.arenas);
-        let key = self.new_key(ident, ns);
+        let key = self.new_disambiguated_key(ident, ns);
         if let Err(old_binding) = self.try_define(parent, key, binding) {
             self.report_conflict(parent, ident, ns, old_binding, &binding);
         }
@@ -132,7 +129,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
                     expn_id,
                     self.def_span(def_id),
                     // FIXME: Account for `#[no_implicit_prelude]` attributes.
-                    parent.map_or(false, |module| module.no_implicit_prelude),
+                    parent.is_some_and(|module| module.no_implicit_prelude),
                 ));
             }
         }
@@ -379,7 +376,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b, 'tcx> BuildReducedGraphVisitor<'a, 'b, 'tcx> {
             ImportKind::Single { target, type_ns_only, .. } => {
                 self.r.per_ns(|this, ns| {
                     if !type_ns_only || ns == TypeNS {
-                        let key = this.new_key(target, ns);
+                        let key = BindingKey::new(target, ns);
                         let mut resolution = this.resolution(current_module, key).borrow_mut();
                         resolution.add_single_import(import);
                     }
@@ -876,6 +873,11 @@ impl<'a, 'b, 'tcx> BuildReducedGraphVisitor<'a, 'b, 'tcx> {
                     let msg = "macro-expanded `extern crate` items cannot \
                                        shadow names passed with `--extern`";
                     self.r.tcx.sess.span_err(item.span, msg);
+                    // `return` is intended to discard this binding because it's an
+                    // unregistered ambiguity error which would result in a panic
+                    // caused by inconsistency `path_res`
+                    // more details: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/111761
+                    return;
                 }
             }
             let entry = self.r.extern_prelude.entry(ident.normalize_to_macros_2_0()).or_insert(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/check_unused.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/check_unused.rs
index 17c4a6be049..dc35c8b176f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/check_unused.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/check_unused.rs
@@ -117,16 +117,11 @@ impl<'a, 'b, 'tcx> UnusedImportCheckVisitor<'a, 'b, 'tcx> {
         match item.kind {
             ast::UseTreeKind::Simple(Some(ident)) => {
                 if ident.name == kw::Underscore
-                    && !self
-                        .r
-                        .import_res_map
-                        .get(&id)
-                        .map(|per_ns| {
-                            per_ns.iter().filter_map(|res| res.as_ref()).any(|res| {
-                                matches!(res, Res::Def(DefKind::Trait | DefKind::TraitAlias, _))
-                            })
+                    && !self.r.import_res_map.get(&id).is_some_and(|per_ns| {
+                        per_ns.iter().filter_map(|res| res.as_ref()).any(|res| {
+                            matches!(res, Res::Def(DefKind::Trait | DefKind::TraitAlias, _))
                         })
-                        .unwrap_or(false)
+                    })
                 {
                     self.unused_import(self.base_id).add(id);
                 }
@@ -469,7 +464,7 @@ impl Resolver<'_, '_> {
                 .r
                 .extern_prelude
                 .get(&extern_crate.ident)
-                .map_or(false, |entry| !entry.introduced_by_item)
+                .is_some_and(|entry| !entry.introduced_by_item)
             {
                 continue;
             }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/diagnostics.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/diagnostics.rs
index 72cdce5c8f0..377652ce71b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/diagnostics.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/diagnostics.rs
@@ -28,10 +28,10 @@ use rustc_span::symbol::{kw, sym, Ident, Symbol};
 use rustc_span::{BytePos, Span, SyntaxContext};
 use thin_vec::ThinVec;
 
-use crate::errors as errs;
 use crate::imports::{Import, ImportKind};
 use crate::late::{PatternSource, Rib};
 use crate::path_names_to_string;
+use crate::{errors as errs, BindingKey};
 use crate::{AmbiguityError, AmbiguityErrorMisc, AmbiguityKind, BindingError, Finalize};
 use crate::{HasGenericParams, MacroRulesScope, Module, ModuleKind, ModuleOrUniformRoot};
 use crate::{LexicalScopeBinding, NameBinding, NameBindingKind, PrivacyError, VisResolutionError};
@@ -550,7 +550,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
 
                 let sm = self.tcx.sess.source_map();
                 let def_id = match outer_res {
-                    Res::SelfTyParam { .. } | Res::SelfCtor(_) => {
+                    Res::SelfTyParam { .. } => {
                         err.span_label(span, "can't use `Self` here");
                         return err;
                     }
@@ -948,6 +948,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
             ResolutionError::InvalidAsmSym => {
                 self.tcx.sess.create_err(errs::InvalidAsmSym { span })
             }
+            ResolutionError::LowercaseSelf => {
+                self.tcx.sess.create_err(errs::LowercaseSelf { span })
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -1829,8 +1832,18 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
             }
             (msg, None)
         } else if ident.name == kw::SelfUpper {
-            ("`Self` is only available in impls, traits, and type definitions".to_string(), None)
-        } else if ident.name.as_str().chars().next().map_or(false, |c| c.is_ascii_uppercase()) {
+            // As mentioned above, `opt_ns` being `None` indicates a module path in import.
+            // We can use this to improve a confusing error for, e.g. `use Self::Variant` in an
+            // impl
+            if opt_ns.is_none() {
+                ("`Self` cannot be used in imports".to_string(), None)
+            } else {
+                (
+                    "`Self` is only available in impls, traits, and type definitions".to_string(),
+                    None,
+                )
+            }
+        } else if ident.name.as_str().chars().next().is_some_and(|c| c.is_ascii_uppercase()) {
             // Check whether the name refers to an item in the value namespace.
             let binding = if let Some(ribs) = ribs {
                 self.resolve_ident_in_lexical_scope(
@@ -2078,7 +2091,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
         }
 
         let resolutions = self.resolutions(crate_module).borrow();
-        let resolution = resolutions.get(&self.new_key(ident, MacroNS))?;
+        let binding_key = BindingKey::new(ident, MacroNS);
+        let resolution = resolutions.get(&binding_key)?;
         let binding = resolution.borrow().binding()?;
         if let Res::Def(DefKind::Macro(MacroKind::Bang), _) = binding.res() {
             let module_name = crate_module.kind.name().unwrap();
@@ -2151,7 +2165,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
                 let is_definitely_crate = import
                     .module_path
                     .first()
-                    .map_or(false, |f| f.ident.name != kw::SelfLower && f.ident.name != kw::Super);
+                    .is_some_and(|f| f.ident.name != kw::SelfLower && f.ident.name != kw::Super);
 
                 // Add the import to the start, with a `{` if required.
                 let start_point = source_map.start_point(after_crate_name);
@@ -2526,7 +2540,7 @@ fn show_candidates(
                 err.note(msg);
             }
             if let Some(note) = (*note).as_deref() {
-                err.note(note);
+                err.note(note.to_string());
             }
         } else {
             let (_, descr_first, _, _) = &inaccessible_path_strings[0];
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/effective_visibilities.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/effective_visibilities.rs
index 87067189a77..7393bdb388a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/effective_visibilities.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/effective_visibilities.rs
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ impl<'r, 'a, 'tcx> EffectiveVisibilitiesVisitor<'r, 'a, 'tcx> {
         let tcx = self.r.tcx;
         self.changed |= self.import_effective_visibilities.update(
             binding,
-            nominal_vis,
+            Some(nominal_vis),
             || cheap_private_vis.unwrap_or_else(|| self.r.private_vis_import(binding)),
             inherited_eff_vis,
             parent_id.level(),
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ impl<'r, 'a, 'tcx> EffectiveVisibilitiesVisitor<'r, 'a, 'tcx> {
         let tcx = self.r.tcx;
         self.changed |= self.def_effective_visibilities.update(
             def_id,
-            nominal_vis,
+            Some(nominal_vis),
             || cheap_private_vis.unwrap_or_else(|| self.r.private_vis_def(def_id)),
             inherited_eff_vis,
             parent_id.level(),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/errors.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/errors.rs
index f6d7e8b4c87..2ab55f12637 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/errors.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/errors.rs
@@ -443,6 +443,14 @@ pub(crate) struct InvalidAsmSym {
 }
 
 #[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(resolve_lowercase_self)]
+pub(crate) struct LowercaseSelf {
+    #[primary_span]
+    #[suggestion(code = "Self", applicability = "maybe-incorrect", style = "short")]
+    pub(crate) span: Span,
+}
+
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
 #[diag(resolve_trait_impl_duplicate, code = "E0201")]
 pub(crate) struct TraitImplDuplicate {
     #[primary_span]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/ident.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/ident.rs
index 5a3ae656ad4..945c7ce3a9b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/ident.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/ident.rs
@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ use std::ptr;
 
 use crate::errors::{ParamKindInEnumDiscriminant, ParamKindInNonTrivialAnonConst};
 use crate::late::{
-    ConstantHasGenerics, ConstantItemKind, HasGenericParams, NoConstantGenericsReason, PathSource,
-    Rib, RibKind,
+    ConstantHasGenerics, HasGenericParams, NoConstantGenericsReason, PathSource, Rib, RibKind,
 };
 use crate::macros::{sub_namespace_match, MacroRulesScope};
+use crate::BindingKey;
 use crate::{errors, AmbiguityError, AmbiguityErrorMisc, AmbiguityKind, Determinacy, Finalize};
 use crate::{Import, ImportKind, LexicalScopeBinding, Module, ModuleKind, ModuleOrUniformRoot};
 use crate::{NameBinding, NameBindingKind, ParentScope, PathResult, PrivacyError, Res};
@@ -866,7 +866,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
             }
         };
 
-        let key = self.new_key(ident, ns);
+        let key = BindingKey::new(ident, ns);
         let resolution =
             self.resolution(module, key).try_borrow_mut().map_err(|_| (Determined, Weak::No))?; // This happens when there is a cycle of imports.
 
@@ -1127,28 +1127,25 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
                         RibKind::ConstantItem(_, item) => {
                             // Still doesn't deal with upvars
                             if let Some(span) = finalize {
-                                let (span, resolution_error) =
-                                    if let Some((ident, constant_item_kind)) = item {
-                                        let kind_str = match constant_item_kind {
-                                            ConstantItemKind::Const => "const",
-                                            ConstantItemKind::Static => "static",
-                                        };
-                                        (
-                                            span,
-                                            AttemptToUseNonConstantValueInConstant(
-                                                ident, "let", kind_str,
-                                            ),
-                                        )
-                                    } else {
-                                        (
-                                            rib_ident.span,
-                                            AttemptToUseNonConstantValueInConstant(
-                                                original_rib_ident_def,
-                                                "const",
-                                                "let",
-                                            ),
-                                        )
-                                    };
+                                let (span, resolution_error) = match item {
+                                    None if rib_ident.as_str() == "self" => (span, LowercaseSelf),
+                                    None => (
+                                        rib_ident.span,
+                                        AttemptToUseNonConstantValueInConstant(
+                                            original_rib_ident_def,
+                                            "const",
+                                            "let",
+                                        ),
+                                    ),
+                                    Some((ident, kind)) => (
+                                        span,
+                                        AttemptToUseNonConstantValueInConstant(
+                                            ident,
+                                            "let",
+                                            kind.as_str(),
+                                        ),
+                                    ),
+                                };
                                 self.report_error(span, resolution_error);
                             }
                             return Res::Err;
@@ -1178,10 +1175,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
                     return Res::Err;
                 }
             }
-            Res::Def(DefKind::TyParam, _)
-            | Res::SelfTyParam { .. }
-            | Res::SelfTyAlias { .. }
-            | Res::SelfCtor(_) => {
+            Res::Def(DefKind::TyParam, _) | Res::SelfTyParam { .. } | Res::SelfTyAlias { .. } => {
                 for rib in ribs {
                     let has_generic_params: HasGenericParams = match rib.kind {
                         RibKind::Normal
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/imports.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/imports.rs
index 9e4429507b1..c1bb262c0d4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/imports.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/imports.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@ use rustc_middle::metadata::Reexport;
 use rustc_middle::span_bug;
 use rustc_middle::ty;
 use rustc_session::lint::builtin::{
-    AMBIGUOUS_GLOB_REEXPORTS, PUB_USE_OF_PRIVATE_EXTERN_CRATE, UNUSED_IMPORTS,
+    AMBIGUOUS_GLOB_REEXPORTS, HIDDEN_GLOB_REEXPORTS, PUB_USE_OF_PRIVATE_EXTERN_CRATE,
+    UNUSED_IMPORTS,
 };
 use rustc_session::lint::BuiltinLintDiagnostics;
 use rustc_span::edit_distance::find_best_match_for_name;
@@ -405,17 +406,18 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
         t
     }
 
-    // Define a dummy resolution containing a `Res::Err` as a placeholder for a failed resolution,
-    // also mark such failed imports as used to avoid duplicate diagnostics.
-    fn import_dummy_binding(&mut self, import: &'a Import<'a>) {
+    // Define a dummy resolution containing a `Res::Err` as a placeholder for a failed
+    // or indeterminate resolution, also mark such failed imports as used to avoid duplicate diagnostics.
+    fn import_dummy_binding(&mut self, import: &'a Import<'a>, is_indeterminate: bool) {
         if let ImportKind::Single { target, ref target_bindings, .. } = import.kind {
-            if target_bindings.iter().any(|binding| binding.get().is_some()) {
+            if !(is_indeterminate || target_bindings.iter().all(|binding| binding.get().is_none()))
+            {
                 return; // Has resolution, do not create the dummy binding
             }
             let dummy_binding = self.dummy_binding;
             let dummy_binding = self.import(dummy_binding, import);
             self.per_ns(|this, ns| {
-                let key = this.new_key(target, ns);
+                let key = BindingKey::new(target, ns);
                 let _ = this.try_define(import.parent_scope.module, key, dummy_binding);
             });
             self.record_use(target, dummy_binding, false);
@@ -474,7 +476,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
 
             // If this import is unresolved then create a dummy import
             // resolution for it so that later resolve stages won't complain.
-            self.import_dummy_binding(import);
+            self.import_dummy_binding(import, is_indeterminate);
 
             if let Some(err) = unresolved_import_error {
                 if let ImportKind::Single { source, ref source_bindings, .. } = import.kind {
@@ -525,31 +527,71 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
         }
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn check_reexport_ambiguities(
+    pub(crate) fn check_hidden_glob_reexports(
         &mut self,
         exported_ambiguities: FxHashSet<Interned<'a, NameBinding<'a>>>,
     ) {
         for module in self.arenas.local_modules().iter() {
-            module.for_each_child(self, |this, ident, ns, binding| {
-                if let NameBindingKind::Import { import, .. } = binding.kind
-                && let Some((amb_binding, _)) = binding.ambiguity
-                && binding.res() != Res::Err
-                && exported_ambiguities.contains(&Interned::new_unchecked(binding))
-                {
-                    this.lint_buffer.buffer_lint_with_diagnostic(
-                        AMBIGUOUS_GLOB_REEXPORTS,
-                        import.root_id,
-                        import.root_span,
-                        "ambiguous glob re-exports",
-                        BuiltinLintDiagnostics::AmbiguousGlobReexports {
-                            name: ident.to_string(),
-                            namespace: ns.descr().to_string(),
-                            first_reexport_span: import.root_span,
-                            duplicate_reexport_span: amb_binding.span,
-                        },
-                    );
+            for (key, resolution) in self.resolutions(module).borrow().iter() {
+                let resolution = resolution.borrow();
+
+                if let Some(binding) = resolution.binding {
+                    if let NameBindingKind::Import { import, .. } = binding.kind
+                        && let Some((amb_binding, _)) = binding.ambiguity
+                        && binding.res() != Res::Err
+                        && exported_ambiguities.contains(&Interned::new_unchecked(binding))
+                    {
+                        self.lint_buffer.buffer_lint_with_diagnostic(
+                            AMBIGUOUS_GLOB_REEXPORTS,
+                            import.root_id,
+                            import.root_span,
+                            "ambiguous glob re-exports",
+                            BuiltinLintDiagnostics::AmbiguousGlobReexports {
+                                name: key.ident.to_string(),
+                                namespace: key.ns.descr().to_string(),
+                                first_reexport_span: import.root_span,
+                                duplicate_reexport_span: amb_binding.span,
+                            },
+                        );
+                    }
+
+                    if let Some(glob_binding) = resolution.shadowed_glob {
+                        let binding_id = match binding.kind {
+                            NameBindingKind::Res(res) => {
+                                Some(self.def_id_to_node_id[res.def_id().expect_local()])
+                            }
+                            NameBindingKind::Module(module) => {
+                                Some(self.def_id_to_node_id[module.def_id().expect_local()])
+                            }
+                            NameBindingKind::Import { import, .. } => import.id(),
+                        };
+
+                        if binding.res() != Res::Err
+                            && glob_binding.res() != Res::Err
+                            && let NameBindingKind::Import { import: glob_import, .. } = glob_binding.kind
+                            && let Some(binding_id) = binding_id
+                            && let Some(glob_import_id) = glob_import.id()
+                            && let glob_import_def_id = self.local_def_id(glob_import_id)
+                            && self.effective_visibilities.is_exported(glob_import_def_id)
+                            && glob_binding.vis.is_public()
+                            && !binding.vis.is_public()
+                        {
+                            self.lint_buffer.buffer_lint_with_diagnostic(
+                                HIDDEN_GLOB_REEXPORTS,
+                                binding_id,
+                                binding.span,
+                                "private item shadows public glob re-export",
+                                BuiltinLintDiagnostics::HiddenGlobReexports {
+                                    name: key.ident.name.to_string(),
+                                    namespace: key.ns.descr().to_owned(),
+                                    glob_reexport_span: glob_binding.span,
+                                    private_item_span: binding.span,
+                                },
+                            );
+                        }
+                    }
                 }
-            });
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -712,7 +754,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
                                 .span_label(import.span, "cannot be imported directly")
                                 .emit();
                         }
-                        let key = this.new_key(target, ns);
+                        let key = BindingKey::new(target, ns);
                         this.update_resolution(parent, key, |_, resolution| {
                             resolution.single_imports.remove(&Interned::new_unchecked(import));
                         });
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late.rs
index 2a8287d5554..e0611907613 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late.rs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 //! If you wonder why there's no `early.rs`, that's because it's split into three files -
 //! `build_reduced_graph.rs`, `macros.rs` and `imports.rs`.
 
+use crate::BindingKey;
 use crate::{path_names_to_string, rustdoc, BindingError, Finalize, LexicalScopeBinding};
 use crate::{Module, ModuleOrUniformRoot, NameBinding, ParentScope, PathResult};
 use crate::{ResolutionError, Resolver, Segment, UseError};
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ use rustc_ast::*;
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet, FxIndexMap};
 use rustc_errors::{Applicability, DiagnosticArgValue, DiagnosticId, IntoDiagnosticArg};
 use rustc_hir::def::Namespace::{self, *};
-use rustc_hir::def::{self, CtorKind, DefKind, LifetimeRes, PartialRes, PerNS};
+use rustc_hir::def::{self, CtorKind, DefKind, LifetimeRes, NonMacroAttrKind, PartialRes, PerNS};
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefId, LocalDefId, CRATE_DEF_ID, LOCAL_CRATE};
 use rustc_hir::{BindingAnnotation, PrimTy, TraitCandidate};
 use rustc_middle::middle::resolve_bound_vars::Set1;
@@ -150,6 +151,15 @@ pub(crate) enum ConstantItemKind {
     Static,
 }
 
+impl ConstantItemKind {
+    pub(crate) fn as_str(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Const => "const",
+            Self::Static => "static",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 enum RecordPartialRes {
     Yes,
@@ -1482,7 +1492,7 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'b, 'ast, 'tcx> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, 'b, 'ast, 'tcx> {
             if let Some(&(_, res)) = rib.bindings.get(&normalized_ident) {
                 self.record_lifetime_res(lifetime.id, res, LifetimeElisionCandidate::Named);
 
-                if let LifetimeRes::Param { param, .. } = res {
+                if let LifetimeRes::Param { param, binder } = res {
                     match self.lifetime_uses.entry(param) {
                         Entry::Vacant(v) => {
                             debug!("First use of {:?} at {:?}", res, ident.span);
@@ -1496,10 +1506,16 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'b, 'ast, 'tcx> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, 'b, 'ast, 'tcx> {
                                     LifetimeRibKind::Item
                                     | LifetimeRibKind::AnonymousReportError
                                     | LifetimeRibKind::ElisionFailure => Some(LifetimeUseSet::Many),
-                                    // An anonymous lifetime is legal here, go ahead.
-                                    LifetimeRibKind::AnonymousCreateParameter { .. } => {
-                                        Some(LifetimeUseSet::One { use_span: ident.span, use_ctxt })
-                                    }
+                                    // An anonymous lifetime is legal here, and bound to the right
+                                    // place, go ahead.
+                                    LifetimeRibKind::AnonymousCreateParameter {
+                                        binder: anon_binder,
+                                        ..
+                                    } => Some(if binder == anon_binder {
+                                        LifetimeUseSet::One { use_span: ident.span, use_ctxt }
+                                    } else {
+                                        LifetimeUseSet::Many
+                                    }),
                                     // Only report if eliding the lifetime would have the same
                                     // semantics.
                                     LifetimeRibKind::Elided(r) => Some(if res == r {
@@ -2952,7 +2968,7 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'b, 'ast, 'tcx> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, 'b, 'ast, 'tcx> {
         // If there is a TraitRef in scope for an impl, then the method must be in the trait.
         let Some((module, _)) = &self.current_trait_ref else { return; };
         ident.span.normalize_to_macros_2_0_and_adjust(module.expansion);
-        let key = self.r.new_key(ident, ns);
+        let key = BindingKey::new(ident, ns);
         let mut binding = self.r.resolution(module, key).try_borrow().ok().and_then(|r| r.binding);
         debug!(?binding);
         if binding.is_none() {
@@ -2963,7 +2979,7 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'b, 'ast, 'tcx> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, 'b, 'ast, 'tcx> {
                 TypeNS => ValueNS,
                 _ => ns,
             };
-            let key = self.r.new_key(ident, ns);
+            let key = BindingKey::new(ident, ns);
             binding = self.r.resolution(module, key).try_borrow().ok().and_then(|r| r.binding);
             debug!(?binding);
         }
@@ -3528,10 +3544,6 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'b, 'ast, 'tcx> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, 'b, 'ast, 'tcx> {
         //
         // Similar thing, for types, happens in `report_errors` above.
         let report_errors_for_call = |this: &mut Self, parent_err: Spanned<ResolutionError<'a>>| {
-            if !source.is_call() {
-                return Some(parent_err);
-            }
-
             // Before we start looking for candidates, we have to get our hands
             // on the type user is trying to perform invocation on; basically:
             // we're transforming `HashMap::new` into just `HashMap`.
@@ -4275,12 +4287,12 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'b, 'ast, 'tcx> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, 'b, 'ast, 'tcx> {
         }
     }
 
-    fn resolve_and_cache_rustdoc_path(&mut self, path_str: &str, ns: Namespace) -> bool {
+    fn resolve_and_cache_rustdoc_path(&mut self, path_str: &str, ns: Namespace) -> Option<Res> {
         // FIXME: This caching may be incorrect in case of multiple `macro_rules`
         // items with the same name in the same module.
         // Also hygiene is not considered.
         let mut doc_link_resolutions = std::mem::take(&mut self.r.doc_link_resolutions);
-        let res = doc_link_resolutions
+        let res = *doc_link_resolutions
             .entry(self.parent_scope.module.nearest_parent_mod().expect_local())
             .or_default()
             .entry((Symbol::intern(path_str), ns))
@@ -4295,8 +4307,7 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'b, 'ast, 'tcx> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, 'b, 'ast, 'tcx> {
                     return None;
                 }
                 res
-            })
-            .is_some();
+            });
         self.r.doc_link_resolutions = doc_link_resolutions;
         res
     }
@@ -4331,8 +4342,10 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'b, 'ast, 'tcx> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, 'b, 'ast, 'tcx> {
             let mut any_resolved = false;
             let mut need_assoc = false;
             for ns in [TypeNS, ValueNS, MacroNS] {
-                if self.resolve_and_cache_rustdoc_path(&path_str, ns) {
-                    any_resolved = true;
+                if let Some(res) = self.resolve_and_cache_rustdoc_path(&path_str, ns) {
+                    // Rustdoc ignores tool attribute resolutions and attempts
+                    // to resolve their prefixes for diagnostics.
+                    any_resolved = !matches!(res, Res::NonMacroAttr(NonMacroAttrKind::Tool));
                 } else if ns != MacroNS {
                     need_assoc = true;
                 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/diagnostics.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/diagnostics.rs
index c9131d8c8a9..f79f8d0c6ca 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/diagnostics.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/diagnostics.rs
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ use rustc_span::hygiene::MacroKind;
 use rustc_span::symbol::{kw, sym, Ident, Symbol};
 use rustc_span::Span;
 
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::iter;
 use std::ops::Deref;
 
@@ -197,8 +198,7 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'ast, 'tcx> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, '_, 'ast, 'tcx> {
                             .sess
                             .source_map()
                             .span_to_snippet(span)
-                            .map(|snippet| snippet.ends_with(')'))
-                            .unwrap_or(false)
+                            .is_ok_and(|snippet| snippet.ends_with(')'))
                     }
                     Res::Def(
                         DefKind::Ctor(..) | DefKind::AssocFn | DefKind::Const | DefKind::AssocConst,
@@ -722,7 +722,7 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'ast, 'tcx> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, '_, 'ast, 'tcx> {
         if let TypoCandidate::Shadowed(res, Some(sugg_span)) = typo_sugg
             && res
                 .opt_def_id()
-                .map_or(false, |id| id.is_local() || is_in_same_file(span, sugg_span))
+                .is_some_and(|id| id.is_local() || is_in_same_file(span, sugg_span))
         {
             err.span_label(
                 sugg_span,
@@ -856,7 +856,7 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'ast, 'tcx> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, '_, 'ast, 'tcx> {
             // The current function has a `self` parameter, but we were unable to resolve
             // a reference to `self`. This can only happen if the `self` identifier we
             // are resolving came from a different hygiene context.
-            if fn_kind.decl().inputs.get(0).map_or(false, |p| p.is_self()) {
+            if fn_kind.decl().inputs.get(0).is_some_and(|p| p.is_self()) {
                 err.span_label(*span, "this function has a `self` parameter, but a macro invocation can only access identifiers it receives from parameters");
             } else {
                 let doesnt = if is_assoc_fn {
@@ -1249,7 +1249,7 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'ast, 'tcx> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, '_, 'ast, 'tcx> {
                     }),
                 ) if followed_by_brace => {
                     if let Some(sp) = closing_brace {
-                        err.span_label(span, fallback_label);
+                        err.span_label(span, fallback_label.to_string());
                         err.multipart_suggestion(
                             "surround the struct literal with parentheses",
                             vec![
@@ -1321,7 +1321,7 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'ast, 'tcx> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, '_, 'ast, 'tcx> {
                     );
                 }
                 _ => {
-                    err.span_label(span, fallback_label);
+                    err.span_label(span, fallback_label.to_string());
                 }
             }
         };
@@ -1334,7 +1334,7 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'ast, 'tcx> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, '_, 'ast, 'tcx> {
                 }))
                 | PathSource::Struct,
             ) => {
-                err.span_label(span, fallback_label);
+                err.span_label(span, fallback_label.to_string());
                 err.span_suggestion_verbose(
                     span.shrink_to_hi(),
                     "use `!` to invoke the macro",
@@ -1346,7 +1346,7 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'ast, 'tcx> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, '_, 'ast, 'tcx> {
                 }
             }
             (Res::Def(DefKind::Macro(MacroKind::Bang), _), _) => {
-                err.span_label(span, fallback_label);
+                err.span_label(span, fallback_label.to_string());
             }
             (Res::Def(DefKind::TyAlias, def_id), PathSource::Trait(_)) => {
                 err.span_label(span, "type aliases cannot be used as traits");
@@ -1514,7 +1514,7 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'ast, 'tcx> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, '_, 'ast, 'tcx> {
                 );
             }
             (Res::SelfTyParam { .. } | Res::SelfTyAlias { .. }, _) if ns == ValueNS => {
-                err.span_label(span, fallback_label);
+                err.span_label(span, fallback_label.to_string());
                 err.note("can't use `Self` as a constructor, you must use the implemented struct");
             }
             (Res::Def(DefKind::TyAlias | DefKind::AssocTy, _), _) if ns == ValueNS => {
@@ -1632,7 +1632,7 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'ast, 'tcx> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, '_, 'ast, 'tcx> {
                             .tcx
                             .fn_arg_names(def_id)
                             .first()
-                            .map_or(false, |ident| ident.name == kw::SelfLower),
+                            .is_some_and(|ident| ident.name == kw::SelfLower),
                     };
                     if has_self {
                         return Some(AssocSuggestion::MethodWithSelf { called });
@@ -1931,10 +1931,9 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'ast, 'tcx> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, '_, 'ast, 'tcx> {
                 let def_id = self.r.tcx.parent(ctor_def_id);
                 match kind {
                     CtorKind::Const => false,
-                    CtorKind::Fn => !self
-                        .r
-                        .field_def_ids(def_id)
-                        .map_or(false, |field_ids| field_ids.is_empty()),
+                    CtorKind::Fn => {
+                        !self.r.field_def_ids(def_id).is_some_and(|field_ids| field_ids.is_empty())
+                    }
                 }
             };
 
@@ -2245,7 +2244,7 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'ast, 'tcx> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, '_, 'ast, 'tcx> {
         &self,
         err: &mut Diagnostic,
         name: Option<&str>,
-        suggest: impl Fn(&mut Diagnostic, bool, Span, &str, String) -> bool,
+        suggest: impl Fn(&mut Diagnostic, bool, Span, Cow<'static, str>, String) -> bool,
     ) {
         let mut suggest_note = true;
         for rib in self.lifetime_ribs.iter().rev() {
@@ -2290,22 +2289,23 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'ast, 'tcx> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, '_, 'ast, 'tcx> {
                         (span, sugg)
                     };
                     if higher_ranked {
-                        let message = format!(
+                        let message = Cow::from(format!(
                             "consider making the {} lifetime-generic with a new `{}` lifetime",
                             kind.descr(),
                             name.unwrap_or("'a"),
-                        );
-                        should_continue = suggest(err, true, span, &message, sugg);
+                        ));
+                        should_continue = suggest(err, true, span, message, sugg);
                         err.note_once(
                             "for more information on higher-ranked polymorphism, visit \
                              https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/hrtb.html",
                         );
                     } else if let Some(name) = name {
-                        let message = format!("consider introducing lifetime `{}` here", name);
-                        should_continue = suggest(err, false, span, &message, sugg);
+                        let message =
+                            Cow::from(format!("consider introducing lifetime `{}` here", name));
+                        should_continue = suggest(err, false, span, message, sugg);
                     } else {
-                        let message = "consider introducing a named lifetime parameter";
-                        should_continue = suggest(err, false, span, &message, sugg);
+                        let message = Cow::from("consider introducing a named lifetime parameter");
+                        should_continue = suggest(err, false, span, message, sugg);
                     }
                 }
                 LifetimeRibKind::Item => break,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/lib.rs
index 590609f9ed3..fd977e8e254 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/lib.rs
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ use rustc_index::IndexVec;
 use rustc_metadata::creader::{CStore, CrateLoader};
 use rustc_middle::metadata::ModChild;
 use rustc_middle::middle::privacy::EffectiveVisibilities;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::span_bug;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, MainDefinition, RegisteredTools, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{ResolverGlobalCtxt, ResolverOutputs};
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ pub mod rustdoc;
 
 fluent_messages! { "../messages.ftl" }
 
+#[derive(Debug)]
 enum Weak {
     Yes,
     No,
@@ -104,7 +106,7 @@ impl Determinacy {
 /// A specific scope in which a name can be looked up.
 /// This enum is currently used only for early resolution (imports and macros),
 /// but not for late resolution yet.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
 enum Scope<'a> {
     DeriveHelpers(LocalExpnId),
     DeriveHelpersCompat,
@@ -251,6 +253,8 @@ enum ResolutionError<'a> {
     TraitImplDuplicate { name: Symbol, trait_item_span: Span, old_span: Span },
     /// Inline asm `sym` operand must refer to a `fn` or `static`.
     InvalidAsmSym,
+    /// `self` used instead of `Self` in a generic parameter
+    LowercaseSelf,
 }
 
 enum VisResolutionError<'a> {
@@ -466,6 +470,13 @@ struct BindingKey {
     disambiguator: u32,
 }
 
+impl BindingKey {
+    fn new(ident: Ident, ns: Namespace) -> Self {
+        let ident = ident.normalize_to_macros_2_0();
+        BindingKey { ident, ns, disambiguator: 0 }
+    }
+}
+
 type Resolutions<'a> = RefCell<FxIndexMap<BindingKey, &'a RefCell<NameResolution<'a>>>>;
 
 /// One node in the tree of modules.
@@ -940,6 +951,7 @@ pub struct Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
     empty_module: Module<'a>,
     module_map: FxHashMap<DefId, Module<'a>>,
     binding_parent_modules: FxHashMap<Interned<'a, NameBinding<'a>>, Module<'a>>,
+
     underscore_disambiguator: u32,
 
     /// Maps glob imports to the names of items actually imported.
@@ -1465,7 +1477,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
     }
 
     fn is_builtin_macro(&mut self, res: Res) -> bool {
-        self.get_macro(res).map_or(false, |macro_data| macro_data.ext.builtin_name.is_some())
+        self.get_macro(res).is_some_and(|macro_data| macro_data.ext.builtin_name.is_some())
     }
 
     fn macro_def(&self, mut ctxt: SyntaxContext) -> DefId {
@@ -1484,8 +1496,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
             let exported_ambiguities = self.tcx.sess.time("compute_effective_visibilities", || {
                 EffectiveVisibilitiesVisitor::compute_effective_visibilities(self, krate)
             });
-            self.tcx.sess.time("check_reexport_ambiguities", || {
-                self.check_reexport_ambiguities(exported_ambiguities)
+            self.tcx.sess.time("check_hidden_glob_reexports", || {
+                self.check_hidden_glob_reexports(exported_ambiguities)
             });
             self.tcx.sess.time("finalize_macro_resolutions", || self.finalize_macro_resolutions());
             self.tcx.sess.time("late_resolve_crate", || self.late_resolve_crate(krate));
@@ -1592,7 +1604,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
         import_ids
     }
 
-    fn new_key(&mut self, ident: Ident, ns: Namespace) -> BindingKey {
+    fn new_disambiguated_key(&mut self, ident: Ident, ns: Namespace) -> BindingKey {
         let ident = ident.normalize_to_macros_2_0();
         let disambiguator = if ident.name == kw::Underscore {
             self.underscore_disambiguator += 1;
@@ -2024,6 +2036,6 @@ impl Finalize {
     }
 }
 
-pub fn provide(providers: &mut ty::query::Providers) {
+pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
     providers.registered_tools = macros::registered_tools;
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/macros.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/macros.rs
index 4da43c6a9a2..d8a7bcbfff9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/macros.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/macros.rs
@@ -823,12 +823,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
                 let is_allowed = |feature| {
                     self.active_features.contains(&feature) || span.allows_unstable(feature)
                 };
-                let allowed_by_implication =
-                    implied_by.map(|feature| is_allowed(feature)).unwrap_or(false);
+                let allowed_by_implication = implied_by.is_some_and(|feature| is_allowed(feature));
                 if !is_allowed(feature) && !allowed_by_implication {
                     let lint_buffer = &mut self.lint_buffer;
                     let soft_handler =
-                        |lint, span, msg: &_| lint_buffer.buffer_lint(lint, node_id, span, msg);
+                        |lint, span, msg: String| lint_buffer.buffer_lint(lint, node_id, span, msg);
                     stability::report_unstable(
                         self.tcx.sess,
                         feature,
@@ -847,7 +846,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
             let (message, lint) = stability::deprecation_message_and_lint(depr, "macro", &path);
             stability::early_report_deprecation(
                 &mut self.lint_buffer,
-                &message,
+                message,
                 depr.suggestion,
                 lint,
                 span,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_serialize/src/opaque.rs b/compiler/rustc_serialize/src/opaque.rs
index 6b559cb5b2f..0ffc537eee0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_serialize/src/opaque.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_serialize/src/opaque.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use crate::leb128::{self, largest_max_leb128_len};
+use crate::leb128;
 use crate::serialize::{Decodable, Decoder, Encodable, Encoder};
 use std::fs::File;
 use std::io::{self, Write};
@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ use std::ptr;
 
 pub type FileEncodeResult = Result<usize, io::Error>;
 
+/// The size of the buffer in `FileEncoder`.
+const BUF_SIZE: usize = 8192;
+
 /// `FileEncoder` encodes data to file via fixed-size buffer.
 ///
 /// There used to be a `MemEncoder` type that encoded all the data into a
@@ -35,26 +38,12 @@ pub struct FileEncoder {
 
 impl FileEncoder {
     pub fn new<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<Self> {
-        const DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE: usize = 8192;
-        FileEncoder::with_capacity(path, DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE)
-    }
-
-    pub fn with_capacity<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P, capacity: usize) -> io::Result<Self> {
-        // Require capacity at least as large as the largest LEB128 encoding
-        // here, so that we don't have to check or handle this on every write.
-        assert!(capacity >= largest_max_leb128_len());
-
-        // Require capacity small enough such that some capacity checks can be
-        // done using guaranteed non-overflowing add rather than sub, which
-        // shaves an instruction off those code paths (on x86 at least).
-        assert!(capacity <= usize::MAX - largest_max_leb128_len());
-
         // Create the file for reading and writing, because some encoders do both
         // (e.g. the metadata encoder when -Zmeta-stats is enabled)
         let file = File::options().read(true).write(true).create(true).truncate(true).open(path)?;
 
         Ok(FileEncoder {
-            buf: Box::new_uninit_slice(capacity),
+            buf: Box::new_uninit_slice(BUF_SIZE),
             buffered: 0,
             flushed: 0,
             file,
@@ -160,18 +149,10 @@ impl FileEncoder {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    fn capacity(&self) -> usize {
-        self.buf.len()
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
     fn write_one(&mut self, value: u8) {
-        // We ensure this during `FileEncoder` construction.
-        debug_assert!(self.capacity() >= 1);
-
         let mut buffered = self.buffered;
 
-        if std::intrinsics::unlikely(buffered >= self.capacity()) {
+        if std::intrinsics::unlikely(buffered + 1 > BUF_SIZE) {
             self.flush();
             buffered = 0;
         }
@@ -187,13 +168,12 @@ impl FileEncoder {
 
     #[inline]
     fn write_all(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) {
-        let capacity = self.capacity();
         let buf_len = buf.len();
 
-        if std::intrinsics::likely(buf_len <= capacity) {
+        if std::intrinsics::likely(buf_len <= BUF_SIZE) {
             let mut buffered = self.buffered;
 
-            if std::intrinsics::unlikely(buf_len > capacity - buffered) {
+            if std::intrinsics::unlikely(buffered + buf_len > BUF_SIZE) {
                 self.flush();
                 buffered = 0;
             }
@@ -271,13 +251,11 @@ macro_rules! write_leb128 {
         fn $this_fn(&mut self, v: $int_ty) {
             const MAX_ENCODED_LEN: usize = $crate::leb128::max_leb128_len::<$int_ty>();
 
-            // We ensure this during `FileEncoder` construction.
-            debug_assert!(self.capacity() >= MAX_ENCODED_LEN);
-
             let mut buffered = self.buffered;
 
-            // This can't overflow. See assertion in `FileEncoder::with_capacity`.
-            if std::intrinsics::unlikely(buffered + MAX_ENCODED_LEN > self.capacity()) {
+            // This can't overflow because BUF_SIZE and MAX_ENCODED_LEN are both
+            // quite small.
+            if std::intrinsics::unlikely(buffered + MAX_ENCODED_LEN > BUF_SIZE) {
                 self.flush();
                 buffered = 0;
             }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_session/Cargo.toml b/compiler/rustc_session/Cargo.toml
index 3477b97438c..3af83aaaaa8 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_session/Cargo.toml
+++ b/compiler/rustc_session/Cargo.toml
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ termize = "0.1.1"
 libc = "0.2"
 
 [target.'cfg(windows)'.dependencies.windows]
-version = "0.46.0"
+version = "0.48.0"
 features = [
     "Win32_Foundation",
     "Win32_System_LibraryLoader",
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_session/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_session/messages.ftl
index a8fe560d1a7..4897bd8d5da 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_session/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_session/messages.ftl
@@ -1,13 +1,20 @@
-session_incorrect_cgu_reuse_type =
-    CGU-reuse for `{$cgu_user_name}` is `{$actual_reuse}` but should be {$at_least ->
-    [one] {"at least "}
-    *[other] {""}
-    }`{$expected_reuse}`
+session_binary_float_literal_not_supported = binary float literal is not supported
+session_branch_protection_requires_aarch64 = `-Zbranch-protection` is only supported on aarch64
+
+session_cannot_enable_crt_static_linux = sanitizer is incompatible with statically linked libc, disable it using `-C target-feature=-crt-static`
+
+session_cannot_mix_and_match_sanitizers = `-Zsanitizer={$first}` is incompatible with `-Zsanitizer={$second}`
 
 session_cgu_not_recorded =
     CGU-reuse for `{$cgu_user_name}` is (mangled: `{$cgu_name}`) was not recorded
 
-session_feature_gate_error = {$explain}
+session_crate_name_does_not_match = `--crate-name` and `#[crate_name]` are required to match, but `{$s}` != `{$name}`
+
+session_crate_name_empty = crate name must not be empty
+
+session_crate_name_invalid = crate names cannot start with a `-`, but `{$s}` has a leading hyphen
+
+session_expr_parentheses_needed = parentheses are required to parse this as an expression
 
 session_feature_diagnostic_for_issue =
     see issue #{$n} <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/{$n}> for more information
@@ -15,91 +22,88 @@ session_feature_diagnostic_for_issue =
 session_feature_diagnostic_help =
     add `#![feature({$feature})]` to the crate attributes to enable
 
-session_not_circumvent_feature = `-Zunleash-the-miri-inside-of-you` may not be used to circumvent feature gates, except when testing error paths in the CTFE engine
+session_feature_gate_error = {$explain}
 
-session_profile_use_file_does_not_exist = file `{$path}` passed to `-C profile-use` does not exist.
+session_file_is_not_writeable = output file {$file} is not writeable -- check its permissions
 
-session_linker_plugin_lto_windows_not_supported = linker plugin based LTO is not supported together with `-C prefer-dynamic` when targeting Windows-like targets
+session_hexadecimal_float_literal_not_supported = hexadecimal float literal is not supported
 
-session_profile_sample_use_file_does_not_exist = file `{$path}` passed to `-C profile-sample-use` does not exist.
+session_incompatible_linker_flavor = linker flavor `{$flavor}` is incompatible with the current target
+    .note = compatible flavors are: {$compatible_list}
 
-session_target_requires_unwind_tables = target requires unwind tables, they cannot be disabled with `-C force-unwind-tables=no`
+session_incorrect_cgu_reuse_type =
+    CGU-reuse for `{$cgu_user_name}` is `{$actual_reuse}` but should be {$at_least ->
+    [one] {"at least "}
+    *[other] {""}
+    }`{$expected_reuse}`
 
 session_instrumentation_not_supported = {$us} instrumentation is not supported for this target
 
-session_sanitizer_not_supported = {$us} sanitizer is not supported for this target
-
-session_sanitizers_not_supported = {$us} sanitizers are not supported for this target
-
-session_cannot_mix_and_match_sanitizers = `-Zsanitizer={$first}` is incompatible with `-Zsanitizer={$second}`
-
-session_cannot_enable_crt_static_linux = sanitizer is incompatible with statically linked libc, disable it using `-C target-feature=-crt-static`
+session_int_literal_too_large = integer literal is too large
+    .note = value exceeds limit of `{$limit}`
 
-session_sanitizer_cfi_requires_lto = `-Zsanitizer=cfi` requires `-Clto`, `-Clto=thin`, or `-Clinker-plugin-lto`
+session_invalid_character_in_create_name = invalid character `{$character}` in crate name: `{$crate_name}`
 
-session_sanitizer_cfi_canonical_jump_tables_requires_cfi = `-Zsanitizer-cfi-canonical-jump-tables` requires `-Zsanitizer=cfi`
+session_invalid_float_literal_suffix = invalid suffix `{$suffix}` for float literal
+    .label = invalid suffix `{$suffix}`
+    .help = valid suffixes are `f32` and `f64`
 
-session_sanitizer_cfi_generalize_pointers_requires_cfi = `-Zsanitizer-cfi-generalize-pointers` requires `-Zsanitizer=cfi` or `-Zsanitizer=kcfi`
+session_invalid_float_literal_width = invalid width `{$width}` for float literal
+    .help = valid widths are 32 and 64
 
-session_sanitizer_cfi_normalize_integers_requires_cfi = `-Zsanitizer-cfi-normalize-integers` requires `-Zsanitizer=cfi` or `-Zsanitizer=kcfi`
+session_invalid_int_literal_width = invalid width `{$width}` for integer literal
+    .help = valid widths are 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128
 
-session_split_lto_unit_requires_lto = `-Zsplit-lto-unit` requires `-Clto`, `-Clto=thin`, or `-Clinker-plugin-lto`
+session_invalid_literal_suffix = suffixes on {$kind} literals are invalid
+    .label = invalid suffix `{$suffix}`
 
-session_unstable_virtual_function_elimination = `-Zvirtual-function-elimination` requires `-Clto`
+session_invalid_num_literal_base_prefix = invalid base prefix for number literal
+    .note = base prefixes (`0xff`, `0b1010`, `0o755`) are lowercase
+    .suggestion = try making the prefix lowercase
 
-session_unsupported_dwarf_version = requested DWARF version {$dwarf_version} is greater than 5
+session_invalid_num_literal_suffix = invalid suffix `{$suffix}` for number literal
+    .label = invalid suffix `{$suffix}`
+    .help = the suffix must be one of the numeric types (`u32`, `isize`, `f32`, etc.)
 
-session_target_stack_protector_not_supported = `-Z stack-protector={$stack_protector}` is not supported for target {$target_triple} and will be ignored
+session_linker_plugin_lto_windows_not_supported = linker plugin based LTO is not supported together with `-C prefer-dynamic` when targeting Windows-like targets
 
-session_branch_protection_requires_aarch64 = `-Zbranch-protection` is only supported on aarch64
+session_not_circumvent_feature = `-Zunleash-the-miri-inside-of-you` may not be used to circumvent feature gates, except when testing error paths in the CTFE engine
 
-session_split_debuginfo_unstable_platform = `-Csplit-debuginfo={$debuginfo}` is unstable on this platform
+session_not_supported = not supported
 
-session_file_is_not_writeable = output file {$file} is not writeable -- check its permissions
+session_nul_in_c_str = null characters in C string literals are not supported
 
-session_crate_name_does_not_match = `--crate-name` and `#[crate_name]` are required to match, but `{$s}` != `{$name}`
+session_octal_float_literal_not_supported = octal float literal is not supported
+session_optimization_fuel_exhausted = optimization-fuel-exhausted: {$msg}
 
-session_crate_name_invalid = crate names cannot start with a `-`, but `{$s}` has a leading hyphen
+session_profile_sample_use_file_does_not_exist = file `{$path}` passed to `-C profile-sample-use` does not exist.
 
-session_crate_name_empty = crate name must not be empty
+session_profile_use_file_does_not_exist = file `{$path}` passed to `-C profile-use` does not exist.
 
-session_invalid_character_in_create_name = invalid character `{$character}` in crate name: `{$crate_name}`
+session_sanitizer_cfi_canonical_jump_tables_requires_cfi = `-Zsanitizer-cfi-canonical-jump-tables` requires `-Zsanitizer=cfi`
 
-session_expr_parentheses_needed = parentheses are required to parse this as an expression
+session_sanitizer_cfi_generalize_pointers_requires_cfi = `-Zsanitizer-cfi-generalize-pointers` requires `-Zsanitizer=cfi` or `-Zsanitizer=kcfi`
 
-session_skipping_const_checks = skipping const checks
-session_unleashed_feature_help_named = skipping check for `{$gate}` feature
-session_unleashed_feature_help_unnamed = skipping check that does not even have a feature gate
+session_sanitizer_cfi_normalize_integers_requires_cfi = `-Zsanitizer-cfi-normalize-integers` requires `-Zsanitizer=cfi` or `-Zsanitizer=kcfi`
 
-session_hexadecimal_float_literal_not_supported = hexadecimal float literal is not supported
-session_octal_float_literal_not_supported = octal float literal is not supported
-session_binary_float_literal_not_supported = binary float literal is not supported
-session_not_supported = not supported
+session_sanitizer_cfi_requires_lto = `-Zsanitizer=cfi` requires `-Clto`, `-Clto=thin`, or `-Clinker-plugin-lto`
 
-session_invalid_literal_suffix = suffixes on {$kind} literals are invalid
-    .label = invalid suffix `{$suffix}`
+session_sanitizer_not_supported = {$us} sanitizer is not supported for this target
 
-session_invalid_num_literal_base_prefix = invalid base prefix for number literal
-    .note = base prefixes (`0xff`, `0b1010`, `0o755`) are lowercase
-    .suggestion = try making the prefix lowercase
+session_sanitizers_not_supported = {$us} sanitizers are not supported for this target
 
-session_invalid_num_literal_suffix = invalid suffix `{$suffix}` for number literal
-    .label = invalid suffix `{$suffix}`
-    .help = the suffix must be one of the numeric types (`u32`, `isize`, `f32`, etc.)
+session_skipping_const_checks = skipping const checks
+session_split_debuginfo_unstable_platform = `-Csplit-debuginfo={$debuginfo}` is unstable on this platform
 
-session_invalid_float_literal_width = invalid width `{$width}` for float literal
-    .help = valid widths are 32 and 64
+session_split_lto_unit_requires_lto = `-Zsplit-lto-unit` requires `-Clto`, `-Clto=thin`, or `-Clinker-plugin-lto`
 
-session_invalid_float_literal_suffix = invalid suffix `{$suffix}` for float literal
-    .label = invalid suffix `{$suffix}`
-    .help = valid suffixes are `f32` and `f64`
+session_target_requires_unwind_tables = target requires unwind tables, they cannot be disabled with `-C force-unwind-tables=no`
 
-session_int_literal_too_large = integer literal is too large
-    .note = value exceeds limit of `{$limit}`
+session_target_stack_protector_not_supported = `-Z stack-protector={$stack_protector}` is not supported for target {$target_triple} and will be ignored
 
-session_invalid_int_literal_width = invalid width `{$width}` for integer literal
-    .help = valid widths are 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128
+session_unleashed_feature_help_named = skipping check for `{$gate}` feature
+session_unleashed_feature_help_unnamed = skipping check that does not even have a feature gate
 
-session_optimization_fuel_exhausted = optimization-fuel-exhausted: {$msg}
+session_unstable_virtual_function_elimination = `-Zvirtual-function-elimination` requires `-Clto`
 
-session_nul_in_c_str = null characters in C string literals are not supported
+session_unsupported_dwarf_version = requested DWARF version {$dwarf_version} is greater than 5
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_session/src/config.rs b/compiler/rustc_session/src/config.rs
index aa3cb03bad8..0ce83e79097 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_session/src/config.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_session/src/config.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
 
 use rustc_data_structures::stable_hasher::{StableOrd, ToStableHashKey};
 use rustc_target::abi::Align;
-use rustc_target::spec::{PanicStrategy, SanitizerSet, SplitDebuginfo};
+use rustc_target::spec::{LinkerFlavorCli, PanicStrategy, SanitizerSet, SplitDebuginfo};
 use rustc_target::spec::{Target, TargetTriple, TargetWarnings, TARGETS};
 
 use crate::parse::{CrateCheckConfig, CrateConfig};
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ pub enum TrimmedDefPaths {
     GoodPath,
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Hash)]
+#[derive(Clone, Hash, Debug)]
 pub enum ResolveDocLinks {
     /// Do not resolve doc links.
     None,
@@ -1060,6 +1060,9 @@ fn default_configuration(sess: &Session) -> CrateConfig {
     if sess.opts.debug_assertions {
         ret.insert((sym::debug_assertions, None));
     }
+    if sess.overflow_checks() {
+        ret.insert((sym::overflow_checks, None));
+    }
     // JUSTIFICATION: before wrapper fn is available
     #[allow(rustc::bad_opt_access)]
     if sess.opts.crate_types.contains(&CrateType::ProcMacro) {
@@ -1209,6 +1212,7 @@ impl CrateCheckConfig {
             sym::windows,
             sym::proc_macro,
             sym::debug_assertions,
+            sym::overflow_checks,
             sym::target_thread_local,
         ] {
             self.expecteds.entry(name).or_insert_with(no_values);
@@ -1315,7 +1319,7 @@ pub(super) fn build_target_config(
     let (target, target_warnings) = target_result.unwrap_or_else(|e| {
         early_error(
             opts.error_format,
-            &format!(
+            format!(
                 "Error loading target specification: {}. \
                  Run `rustc --print target-list` for a list of built-in targets",
                 e
@@ -1323,15 +1327,14 @@ pub(super) fn build_target_config(
         )
     });
     for warning in target_warnings.warning_messages() {
-        early_warn(opts.error_format, &warning)
+        early_warn(opts.error_format, warning)
     }
 
     if !matches!(target.pointer_width, 16 | 32 | 64) {
         early_error(
             opts.error_format,
-            &format!(
-                "target specification was invalid: \
-             unrecognized target-pointer-width {}",
+            format!(
+                "target specification was invalid: unrecognized target-pointer-width {}",
                 target.pointer_width
             ),
         )
@@ -1595,7 +1598,7 @@ pub fn get_cmd_lint_options(
 
     let lint_cap = matches.opt_str("cap-lints").map(|cap| {
         lint::Level::from_str(&cap)
-            .unwrap_or_else(|| early_error(error_format, &format!("unknown lint level: `{cap}`")))
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| early_error(error_format, format!("unknown lint level: `{cap}`")))
     });
 
     (lint_opts, describe_lints, lint_cap)
@@ -1612,7 +1615,7 @@ pub fn parse_color(matches: &getopts::Matches) -> ColorConfig {
 
         Some(arg) => early_error(
             ErrorOutputType::default(),
-            &format!(
+            format!(
                 "argument for `--color` must be auto, \
                  always or never (instead was `{arg}`)"
             ),
@@ -1687,7 +1690,7 @@ pub fn parse_json(matches: &getopts::Matches) -> JsonConfig {
                 "future-incompat" => json_future_incompat = true,
                 s => early_error(
                     ErrorOutputType::default(),
-                    &format!("unknown `--json` option `{s}`"),
+                    format!("unknown `--json` option `{s}`"),
                 ),
             }
         }
@@ -1725,7 +1728,7 @@ pub fn parse_error_format(
 
             Some(arg) => early_error(
                 ErrorOutputType::HumanReadable(HumanReadableErrorType::Default(color)),
-                &format!(
+                format!(
                     "argument for `--error-format` must be `human`, `json` or \
                      `short` (instead was `{arg}`)"
                 ),
@@ -1759,7 +1762,7 @@ pub fn parse_crate_edition(matches: &getopts::Matches) -> Edition {
         Some(arg) => Edition::from_str(&arg).unwrap_or_else(|_| {
             early_error(
                 ErrorOutputType::default(),
-                &format!(
+                format!(
                     "argument for `--edition` must be one of: \
                      {EDITION_NAME_LIST}. (instead was `{arg}`)"
                 ),
@@ -1778,7 +1781,7 @@ pub fn parse_crate_edition(matches: &getopts::Matches) -> Edition {
         } else {
             format!("edition {edition} is unstable and only available with -Z unstable-options")
         };
-        early_error(ErrorOutputType::default(), &msg)
+        early_error(ErrorOutputType::default(), msg)
     }
 
     edition
@@ -1823,7 +1826,7 @@ fn parse_output_types(
                 let output_type = OutputType::from_shorthand(shorthand).unwrap_or_else(|| {
                     early_error(
                         error_format,
-                        &format!(
+                        format!(
                             "unknown emission type: `{shorthand}` - expected one of: {display}",
                             display = OutputType::shorthands_display(),
                         ),
@@ -1862,7 +1865,7 @@ fn should_override_cgus_and_disable_thinlto(
                     for ot in &incompatible {
                         early_warn(
                             error_format,
-                            &format!(
+                            format!(
                                 "`--emit={ot}` with `-o` incompatible with \
                                  `-C codegen-units=N` for N > 1",
                             ),
@@ -1904,7 +1907,7 @@ fn collect_print_requests(
     error_format: ErrorOutputType,
 ) -> Vec<PrintRequest> {
     let mut prints = Vec::<PrintRequest>::new();
-    if cg.target_cpu.as_ref().map_or(false, |s| s == "help") {
+    if cg.target_cpu.as_ref().is_some_and(|s| s == "help") {
         prints.push(PrintRequest::TargetCPUs);
         cg.target_cpu = None;
     };
@@ -1966,7 +1969,7 @@ fn collect_print_requests(
                 let prints = prints.join(", ");
                 early_error(
                     error_format,
-                    &format!("unknown print request `{req}`. Valid print requests are: {prints}"),
+                    format!("unknown print request `{req}`. Valid print requests are: {prints}"),
                 );
             }
         }
@@ -1983,7 +1986,7 @@ pub fn parse_target_triple(
         Some(target) if target.ends_with(".json") => {
             let path = Path::new(&target);
             TargetTriple::from_path(path).unwrap_or_else(|_| {
-                early_error(error_format, &format!("target file {path:?} does not exist"))
+                early_error(error_format, format!("target file {path:?} does not exist"))
             })
         }
         Some(target) => TargetTriple::TargetTriple(target),
@@ -2024,7 +2027,7 @@ fn parse_opt_level(
             arg => {
                 early_error(
                     error_format,
-                    &format!(
+                    format!(
                         "optimization level needs to be \
                             between 0-3, s or z (instead was `{arg}`)"
                     ),
@@ -2055,7 +2058,7 @@ pub(crate) fn parse_assert_incr_state(
         Some(s) if s.as_str() == "loaded" => Some(IncrementalStateAssertion::Loaded),
         Some(s) if s.as_str() == "not-loaded" => Some(IncrementalStateAssertion::NotLoaded),
         Some(s) => {
-            early_error(error_format, &format!("unexpected incremental state assertion value: {s}"))
+            early_error(error_format, format!("unexpected incremental state assertion value: {s}"))
         }
         None => None,
     }
@@ -2082,13 +2085,13 @@ fn parse_native_lib_kind(
                 } else {
                     ", the `-Z unstable-options` flag must also be passed to use it"
                 };
-                early_error(error_format, &format!("library kind `link-arg` is unstable{why}"))
+                early_error(error_format, format!("library kind `link-arg` is unstable{why}"))
             }
             NativeLibKind::LinkArg
         }
         _ => early_error(
             error_format,
-            &format!(
+            format!(
                 "unknown library kind `{kind}`, expected one of: static, dylib, framework, link-arg"
             ),
         ),
@@ -2123,16 +2126,13 @@ fn parse_native_lib_modifiers(
                 } else {
                     ", the `-Z unstable-options` flag must also be passed to use it"
                 };
-                early_error(
-                    error_format,
-                    &format!("linking modifier `{modifier}` is unstable{why}"),
-                )
+                early_error(error_format, format!("linking modifier `{modifier}` is unstable{why}"))
             }
         };
         let assign_modifier = |dst: &mut Option<bool>| {
             if dst.is_some() {
                 let msg = format!("multiple `{modifier}` modifiers in a single `-l` option");
-                early_error(error_format, &msg)
+                early_error(error_format, msg)
             } else {
                 *dst = Some(value);
             }
@@ -2169,7 +2169,7 @@ fn parse_native_lib_modifiers(
             // string, like `modifiers = ""`.
             _ => early_error(
                 error_format,
-                &format!(
+                format!(
                     "unknown linking modifier `{modifier}`, expected one \
                      of: bundle, verbatim, whole-archive, as-needed"
                 ),
@@ -2299,7 +2299,7 @@ pub fn parse_externs(
                     }
                     "nounused" => nounused_dep = true,
                     "force" => force = true,
-                    _ => early_error(error_format, &format!("unknown --extern option `{opt}`")),
+                    _ => early_error(error_format, format!("unknown --extern option `{opt}`")),
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -2365,7 +2365,7 @@ pub fn build_session_options(matches: &getopts::Matches) -> Options {
 
     let unparsed_crate_types = matches.opt_strs("crate-type");
     let crate_types = parse_crate_types_from_list(unparsed_crate_types)
-        .unwrap_or_else(|e| early_error(error_format, &e));
+        .unwrap_or_else(|e| early_error(error_format, e));
 
     let mut unstable_opts = UnstableOptions::build(matches, error_format);
     let (lint_opts, describe_lints, lint_cap) = get_cmd_lint_options(matches, error_format);
@@ -2525,6 +2525,19 @@ pub fn build_session_options(matches: &getopts::Matches) -> Options {
         }
     }
 
+    if let Some(flavor) = cg.linker_flavor {
+        if matches!(flavor, LinkerFlavorCli::BpfLinker | LinkerFlavorCli::PtxLinker)
+            && !nightly_options::is_unstable_enabled(matches)
+        {
+            let msg = format!(
+                "linker flavor `{}` is unstable, `-Z unstable-options` \
+                 flag must also be passed to explicitly use it",
+                flavor.desc()
+            );
+            early_error(error_format, msg);
+        }
+    }
+
     let prints = collect_print_requests(&mut cg, &mut unstable_opts, matches, error_format);
 
     let cg = cg;
@@ -2593,7 +2606,7 @@ pub fn build_session_options(matches: &getopts::Matches) -> Options {
     };
 
     let working_dir = std::env::current_dir().unwrap_or_else(|e| {
-        early_error(error_format, &format!("Current directory is invalid: {e}"));
+        early_error(error_format, format!("Current directory is invalid: {e}"));
     });
 
     let remap = FilePathMapping::new(remap_path_prefix.clone());
@@ -2665,7 +2678,7 @@ fn parse_pretty(unstable_opts: &UnstableOptions, efmt: ErrorOutputType) -> Optio
         "mir-cfg" => MirCFG,
         name => early_error(
             efmt,
-            &format!(
+            format!(
                 "argument to `unpretty` must be one of `normal`, `identified`, \
                             `expanded`, `expanded,identified`, `expanded,hygiene`, \
                             `ast-tree`, `ast-tree,expanded`, `hir`, `hir,identified`, \
@@ -2743,7 +2756,7 @@ pub mod nightly_options {
             if opt.name != "Z" && !has_z_unstable_option {
                 early_error(
                     ErrorOutputType::default(),
-                    &format!(
+                    format!(
                         "the `-Z unstable-options` flag must also be passed to enable \
                          the flag `{}`",
                         opt.name
@@ -2756,11 +2769,10 @@ pub mod nightly_options {
             match opt.stability {
                 OptionStability::Unstable => {
                     let msg = format!(
-                        "the option `{}` is only accepted on the \
-                         nightly compiler",
+                        "the option `{}` is only accepted on the nightly compiler",
                         opt.name
                     );
-                    early_error(ErrorOutputType::default(), &msg);
+                    early_error(ErrorOutputType::default(), msg);
                 }
                 OptionStability::Stable => {}
             }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_session/src/cstore.rs b/compiler/rustc_session/src/cstore.rs
index dd1721801f3..dc475e8c6d5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_session/src/cstore.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_session/src/cstore.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ use crate::search_paths::PathKind;
 use crate::utils::NativeLibKind;
 use crate::Session;
 use rustc_ast as ast;
-use rustc_data_structures::sync::{self, AppendOnlyIndexVec, MetadataRef, RwLock};
+use rustc_data_structures::owned_slice::OwnedSlice;
+use rustc_data_structures::sync::{self, AppendOnlyIndexVec, RwLock};
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{CrateNum, DefId, LocalDefId, StableCrateId, LOCAL_CRATE};
 use rustc_hir::definitions::{DefKey, DefPath, DefPathHash, Definitions};
 use rustc_span::hygiene::{ExpnHash, ExpnId};
@@ -203,11 +204,11 @@ pub enum ExternCrateSource {
 /// metadata in library -- this trait just serves to decouple rustc_metadata from
 /// the archive reader, which depends on LLVM.
 pub trait MetadataLoader: std::fmt::Debug {
-    fn get_rlib_metadata(&self, target: &Target, filename: &Path) -> Result<MetadataRef, String>;
-    fn get_dylib_metadata(&self, target: &Target, filename: &Path) -> Result<MetadataRef, String>;
+    fn get_rlib_metadata(&self, target: &Target, filename: &Path) -> Result<OwnedSlice, String>;
+    fn get_dylib_metadata(&self, target: &Target, filename: &Path) -> Result<OwnedSlice, String>;
 }
 
-pub type MetadataLoaderDyn = dyn MetadataLoader + Send + Sync;
+pub type MetadataLoaderDyn = dyn MetadataLoader + Send + Sync + sync::DynSend + sync::DynSync;
 
 /// A store of Rust crates, through which their metadata can be accessed.
 ///
@@ -252,7 +253,7 @@ pub trait CrateStore: std::fmt::Debug {
     fn import_source_files(&self, sess: &Session, cnum: CrateNum);
 }
 
-pub type CrateStoreDyn = dyn CrateStore + sync::Sync + sync::Send;
+pub type CrateStoreDyn = dyn CrateStore + sync::DynSync + sync::DynSend;
 
 pub struct Untracked {
     pub cstore: RwLock<Box<CrateStoreDyn>>,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_session/src/errors.rs b/compiler/rustc_session/src/errors.rs
index 546c0fa8e03..4a3e668da11 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_session/src/errors.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_session/src/errors.rs
@@ -422,3 +422,11 @@ pub fn report_lit_error(sess: &ParseSess, err: LitError, lit: token::Lit, span:
 pub struct OptimisationFuelExhausted {
     pub msg: String,
 }
+
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(session_incompatible_linker_flavor)]
+#[note]
+pub struct IncompatibleLinkerFlavor {
+    pub flavor: &'static str,
+    pub compatible_list: String,
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_session/src/filesearch.rs b/compiler/rustc_session/src/filesearch.rs
index 7fdbd48d563..3988416d0c7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_session/src/filesearch.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_session/src/filesearch.rs
@@ -135,13 +135,13 @@ fn current_dll_path() -> Result<PathBuf, String> {
 
     use windows::{
         core::PCWSTR,
-        Win32::Foundation::HINSTANCE,
+        Win32::Foundation::HMODULE,
         Win32::System::LibraryLoader::{
             GetModuleFileNameW, GetModuleHandleExW, GET_MODULE_HANDLE_EX_FLAG_FROM_ADDRESS,
         },
     };
 
-    let mut module = HINSTANCE::default();
+    let mut module = HMODULE::default();
     unsafe {
         GetModuleHandleExW(
             GET_MODULE_HANDLE_EX_FLAG_FROM_ADDRESS,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_session/src/options.rs b/compiler/rustc_session/src/options.rs
index 5976b9aa3e7..7cc2b2c880c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_session/src/options.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_session/src/options.rs
@@ -329,21 +329,21 @@ fn build_options<O: Default>(
                     match value {
                         None => early_error(
                             error_format,
-                            &format!(
+                            format!(
                                 "{0} option `{1}` requires {2} ({3} {1}=<value>)",
                                 outputname, key, type_desc, prefix
                             ),
                         ),
                         Some(value) => early_error(
                             error_format,
-                            &format!(
+                            format!(
                                 "incorrect value `{value}` for {outputname} option `{key}` - {type_desc} was expected"
                             ),
                         ),
                     }
                 }
             }
-            None => early_error(error_format, &format!("unknown {outputname} option: `{key}`")),
+            None => early_error(error_format, format!("unknown {outputname} option: `{key}`")),
         }
     }
     return op;
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ mod desc {
     pub const parse_opt_panic_strategy: &str = parse_panic_strategy;
     pub const parse_oom_strategy: &str = "either `panic` or `abort`";
     pub const parse_relro_level: &str = "one of: `full`, `partial`, or `off`";
-    pub const parse_sanitizers: &str = "comma separated list of sanitizers: `address`, `cfi`, `hwaddress`, `kcfi`, `kernel-address`, `leak`, `memory`, `memtag`, `shadow-call-stack`, or `thread`";
+    pub const parse_sanitizers: &str = "comma separated list of sanitizers: `address`, `cfi`, `hwaddress`, `kcfi`, `kernel-address`, `leak`, `memory`, `memtag`, `safestack`, `shadow-call-stack`, or `thread`";
     pub const parse_sanitizer_memory_track_origins: &str = "0, 1, or 2";
     pub const parse_cfguard: &str =
         "either a boolean (`yes`, `no`, `on`, `off`, etc), `checks`, or `nochecks`";
@@ -694,6 +694,7 @@ mod parse {
                     "shadow-call-stack" => SanitizerSet::SHADOWCALLSTACK,
                     "thread" => SanitizerSet::THREAD,
                     "hwaddress" => SanitizerSet::HWADDRESS,
+                    "safestack" => SanitizerSet::SAFESTACK,
                     _ => return false,
                 }
             }
@@ -1371,8 +1372,6 @@ options! {
         "set options for branch target identification and pointer authentication on AArch64"),
     cf_protection: CFProtection = (CFProtection::None, parse_cfprotection, [TRACKED],
         "instrument control-flow architecture protection"),
-    cgu_partitioning_strategy: Option<String> = (None, parse_opt_string, [TRACKED],
-        "the codegen unit partitioning strategy to use"),
     codegen_backend: Option<String> = (None, parse_opt_string, [TRACKED],
         "the backend to use"),
     combine_cgu: bool = (false, parse_bool, [TRACKED],
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_session/src/parse.rs b/compiler/rustc_session/src/parse.rs
index 5cc9c62617d..a433e2371c9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_session/src/parse.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_session/src/parse.rs
@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ impl SymbolGallery {
 
 /// Construct a diagnostic for a language feature error due to the given `span`.
 /// The `feature`'s `Symbol` is the one you used in `active.rs` and `rustc_span::symbols`.
+#[track_caller]
 pub fn feature_err(
     sess: &ParseSess,
     feature: Symbol,
@@ -123,7 +124,7 @@ pub fn feature_err_issue(
 /// Construct a future incompatibility diagnostic for a feature gate.
 ///
 /// This diagnostic is only a warning and *does not cause compilation to fail*.
-pub fn feature_warn(sess: &ParseSess, feature: Symbol, span: Span, explain: &str) {
+pub fn feature_warn(sess: &ParseSess, feature: Symbol, span: Span, explain: &'static str) {
     feature_warn_issue(sess, feature, span, GateIssue::Language, explain);
 }
 
@@ -140,7 +141,7 @@ pub fn feature_warn_issue(
     feature: Symbol,
     span: Span,
     issue: GateIssue,
-    explain: &str,
+    explain: &'static str,
 ) {
     let mut err = sess.span_diagnostic.struct_span_warn(span, explain);
     add_feature_diagnostics_for_issue(&mut err, sess, feature, issue);
@@ -289,7 +290,7 @@ impl ParseSess {
         lint: &'static Lint,
         span: impl Into<MultiSpan>,
         node_id: NodeId,
-        msg: &str,
+        msg: impl Into<DiagnosticMessage>,
     ) {
         self.buffered_lints.with_lock(|buffered_lints| {
             buffered_lints.push(BufferedEarlyLint {
@@ -307,7 +308,7 @@ impl ParseSess {
         lint: &'static Lint,
         span: impl Into<MultiSpan>,
         node_id: NodeId,
-        msg: &str,
+        msg: impl Into<DiagnosticMessage>,
         diagnostic: BuiltinLintDiagnostics,
     ) {
         self.buffered_lints.with_lock(|buffered_lints| {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_session/src/session.rs b/compiler/rustc_session/src/session.rs
index a988d7f28e6..2ebd83540ee 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_session/src/session.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_session/src/session.rs
@@ -128,8 +128,6 @@ pub struct Limits {
     pub move_size_limit: Limit,
     /// The maximum length of types during monomorphization.
     pub type_length_limit: Limit,
-    /// The maximum blocks a const expression can evaluate.
-    pub const_eval_limit: Limit,
 }
 
 pub struct CompilerIO {
@@ -211,6 +209,9 @@ pub struct Session {
 
     /// Set of enabled features for the current target, including unstable ones.
     pub unstable_target_features: FxIndexSet<Symbol>,
+
+    /// The version of the rustc process, possibly including a commit hash and description.
+    pub cfg_version: &'static str,
 }
 
 pub struct PerfStats {
@@ -490,20 +491,6 @@ impl Session {
     }
     #[rustc_lint_diagnostics]
     #[track_caller]
-    pub fn span_err_or_warn<S: Into<MultiSpan>>(
-        &self,
-        is_warning: bool,
-        sp: S,
-        msg: impl Into<DiagnosticMessage>,
-    ) {
-        if is_warning {
-            self.span_warn(sp, msg);
-        } else {
-            self.span_err(sp, msg);
-        }
-    }
-    #[rustc_lint_diagnostics]
-    #[track_caller]
     pub fn span_err<S: Into<MultiSpan>>(
         &self,
         sp: S,
@@ -1380,6 +1367,7 @@ pub fn build_session(
     driver_lint_caps: FxHashMap<lint::LintId, lint::Level>,
     file_loader: Option<Box<dyn FileLoader + Send + Sync + 'static>>,
     target_override: Option<Target>,
+    cfg_version: &'static str,
 ) -> Session {
     // FIXME: This is not general enough to make the warning lint completely override
     // normal diagnostic warnings, since the warning lint can also be denied and changed
@@ -1388,8 +1376,8 @@ pub fn build_session(
         .lint_opts
         .iter()
         .rfind(|&(key, _)| *key == "warnings")
-        .map_or(false, |&(_, level)| level == lint::Allow);
-    let cap_lints_allow = sopts.lint_cap.map_or(false, |cap| cap == lint::Allow);
+        .is_some_and(|&(_, level)| level == lint::Allow);
+    let cap_lints_allow = sopts.lint_cap.is_some_and(|cap| cap == lint::Allow);
     let can_emit_warnings = !(warnings_allow || cap_lints_allow);
 
     let sysroot = match &sopts.maybe_sysroot {
@@ -1400,10 +1388,10 @@ pub fn build_session(
     let target_cfg = config::build_target_config(&sopts, target_override, &sysroot);
     let host_triple = TargetTriple::from_triple(config::host_triple());
     let (host, target_warnings) = Target::search(&host_triple, &sysroot).unwrap_or_else(|e| {
-        early_error(sopts.error_format, &format!("Error loading host specification: {e}"))
+        early_error(sopts.error_format, format!("Error loading host specification: {e}"))
     });
     for warning in target_warnings.warning_messages() {
-        early_warn(sopts.error_format, &warning)
+        early_warn(sopts.error_format, warning)
     }
 
     let loader = file_loader.unwrap_or_else(|| Box::new(RealFileLoader));
@@ -1445,7 +1433,7 @@ pub fn build_session(
         match profiler {
             Ok(profiler) => Some(Arc::new(profiler)),
             Err(e) => {
-                early_warn(sopts.error_format, &format!("failed to create profiler: {e}"));
+                early_warn(sopts.error_format, format!("failed to create profiler: {e}"));
                 None
             }
         }
@@ -1524,6 +1512,7 @@ pub fn build_session(
         asm_arch,
         target_features: Default::default(),
         unstable_target_features: Default::default(),
+        cfg_version,
     };
 
     validate_commandline_args_with_session_available(&sess);
@@ -1684,6 +1673,13 @@ fn validate_commandline_args_with_session_available(sess: &Session) {
     if sess.opts.unstable_opts.instrument_xray.is_some() && !sess.target.options.supports_xray {
         sess.emit_err(errors::InstrumentationNotSupported { us: "XRay".to_string() });
     }
+
+    if let Some(flavor) = sess.opts.cg.linker_flavor {
+        if let Some(compatible_list) = sess.target.linker_flavor.check_compatibility(flavor) {
+            let flavor = flavor.desc();
+            sess.emit_err(errors::IncompatibleLinkerFlavor { flavor, compatible_list });
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 /// Holds data on the current incremental compilation session, if there is one.
@@ -1741,18 +1737,22 @@ fn early_error_handler(output: config::ErrorOutputType) -> rustc_errors::Handler
 
 #[allow(rustc::untranslatable_diagnostic)]
 #[allow(rustc::diagnostic_outside_of_impl)]
-pub fn early_error_no_abort(output: config::ErrorOutputType, msg: &str) -> ErrorGuaranteed {
+#[must_use = "ErrorGuaranteed must be returned from `run_compiler` in order to exit with a non-zero status code"]
+pub fn early_error_no_abort(
+    output: config::ErrorOutputType,
+    msg: impl Into<DiagnosticMessage>,
+) -> ErrorGuaranteed {
     early_error_handler(output).struct_err(msg).emit()
 }
 
 #[allow(rustc::untranslatable_diagnostic)]
 #[allow(rustc::diagnostic_outside_of_impl)]
-pub fn early_error(output: config::ErrorOutputType, msg: &str) -> ! {
+pub fn early_error(output: config::ErrorOutputType, msg: impl Into<DiagnosticMessage>) -> ! {
     early_error_handler(output).struct_fatal(msg).emit()
 }
 
 #[allow(rustc::untranslatable_diagnostic)]
 #[allow(rustc::diagnostic_outside_of_impl)]
-pub fn early_warn(output: config::ErrorOutputType, msg: &str) {
+pub fn early_warn(output: config::ErrorOutputType, msg: impl Into<DiagnosticMessage>) {
     early_error_handler(output).struct_warn(msg).emit()
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_smir/src/rustc_smir/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_smir/src/rustc_smir/mod.rs
index 6af43f5d3f3..5572108f495 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_smir/src/rustc_smir/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_smir/src/rustc_smir/mod.rs
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ fn rustc_terminator_to_terminator(
         Terminate => Terminator::Abort,
         Return => Terminator::Return,
         Unreachable => Terminator::Unreachable,
-        Drop { place, target, unwind } => Terminator::Drop {
+        Drop { place, target, unwind, replace: _ } => Terminator::Drop {
             place: rustc_place_to_place(place),
             target: target.as_usize(),
             unwind: rustc_unwind_to_unwind(unwind),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_span/src/def_id.rs b/compiler/rustc_span/src/def_id.rs
index 8c58b52a5dc..f65a6aa4fb2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_span/src/def_id.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_span/src/def_id.rs
@@ -146,7 +146,12 @@ pub struct StableCrateId(pub(crate) Hash64);
 impl StableCrateId {
     /// Computes the stable ID for a crate with the given name and
     /// `-Cmetadata` arguments.
-    pub fn new(crate_name: Symbol, is_exe: bool, mut metadata: Vec<String>) -> StableCrateId {
+    pub fn new(
+        crate_name: Symbol,
+        is_exe: bool,
+        mut metadata: Vec<String>,
+        cfg_version: &'static str,
+    ) -> StableCrateId {
         let mut hasher = StableHasher::new();
         // We must hash the string text of the crate name, not the id, as the id is not stable
         // across builds.
@@ -180,7 +185,7 @@ impl StableCrateId {
         if let Some(val) = std::env::var_os("RUSTC_FORCE_RUSTC_VERSION") {
             hasher.write(val.to_string_lossy().into_owned().as_bytes())
         } else {
-            hasher.write(option_env!("CFG_VERSION").unwrap_or("unknown version").as_bytes());
+            hasher.write(cfg_version.as_bytes())
         }
 
         StableCrateId(hasher.finish())
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_span/src/hygiene.rs b/compiler/rustc_span/src/hygiene.rs
index c669b64dd2c..0c7e36b3bef 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_span/src/hygiene.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_span/src/hygiene.rs
@@ -320,7 +320,6 @@ impl ExpnId {
             // Stop going up the backtrace once include! is encountered
             if expn_data.is_root()
                 || expn_data.kind == ExpnKind::Macro(MacroKind::Bang, sym::include)
-                || expn_data.kind == ExpnKind::Inlined
             {
                 break;
             }
@@ -1058,8 +1057,6 @@ pub enum ExpnKind {
     AstPass(AstPass),
     /// Desugaring done by the compiler during HIR lowering.
     Desugaring(DesugaringKind),
-    /// MIR inlining
-    Inlined,
 }
 
 impl ExpnKind {
@@ -1073,7 +1070,6 @@ impl ExpnKind {
             },
             ExpnKind::AstPass(kind) => kind.descr().to_string(),
             ExpnKind::Desugaring(kind) => format!("desugaring of {}", kind.descr()),
-            ExpnKind::Inlined => "inlined source".to_string(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -1151,7 +1147,6 @@ pub enum DesugaringKind {
     Await,
     ForLoop,
     WhileLoop,
-    Replace,
 }
 
 impl DesugaringKind {
@@ -1167,7 +1162,6 @@ impl DesugaringKind {
             DesugaringKind::OpaqueTy => "`impl Trait`",
             DesugaringKind::ForLoop => "`for` loop",
             DesugaringKind::WhileLoop => "`while` loop",
-            DesugaringKind::Replace => "drop and replace",
         }
     }
 }
@@ -1294,7 +1288,7 @@ pub fn decode_expn_id(
     decode_data: impl FnOnce(ExpnId) -> (ExpnData, ExpnHash),
 ) -> ExpnId {
     if index == 0 {
-        debug!("decode_expn_id: deserialized root");
+        trace!("decode_expn_id: deserialized root");
         return ExpnId::root();
     }
 
@@ -1327,7 +1321,7 @@ pub fn decode_syntax_context<D: Decoder, F: FnOnce(&mut D, u32) -> SyntaxContext
 ) -> SyntaxContext {
     let raw_id: u32 = Decodable::decode(d);
     if raw_id == 0 {
-        debug!("decode_syntax_context: deserialized root");
+        trace!("decode_syntax_context: deserialized root");
         // The root is special
         return SyntaxContext::root();
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_span/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_span/src/lib.rs
index 7bbab34c69a..eae3f0fa041 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_span/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_span/src/lib.rs
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #![feature(min_specialization)]
 #![feature(rustc_attrs)]
 #![feature(let_chains)]
+#![feature(round_char_boundary)]
 #![deny(rustc::untranslatable_diagnostic)]
 #![deny(rustc::diagnostic_outside_of_impl)]
 
@@ -593,12 +594,6 @@ impl Span {
         matches!(outer_expn.kind, ExpnKind::Macro(..)) && outer_expn.collapse_debuginfo
     }
 
-    /// Returns `true` if this span comes from MIR inlining.
-    pub fn is_inlined(self) -> bool {
-        let outer_expn = self.ctxt().outer_expn_data();
-        matches!(outer_expn.kind, ExpnKind::Inlined)
-    }
-
     /// Returns `true` if `span` originates in a derive-macro's expansion.
     pub fn in_derive_expansion(self) -> bool {
         matches!(self.ctxt().outer_expn_data().kind, ExpnKind::Macro(MacroKind::Derive, _))
@@ -753,7 +748,7 @@ impl Span {
         self.ctxt()
             .outer_expn_data()
             .allow_internal_unstable
-            .map_or(false, |features| features.iter().any(|&f| f == feature))
+            .is_some_and(|features| features.iter().any(|&f| f == feature))
     }
 
     /// Checks if this span arises from a compiler desugaring of kind `kind`.
@@ -1256,29 +1251,6 @@ impl SourceFileHash {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(HashStable_Generic)]
-#[derive(Copy, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Clone, Ord, Eq, Hash, Debug, Encodable, Decodable)]
-pub enum DebuggerVisualizerType {
-    Natvis,
-    GdbPrettyPrinter,
-}
-
-/// A single debugger visualizer file.
-#[derive(HashStable_Generic)]
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Encodable, Decodable)]
-pub struct DebuggerVisualizerFile {
-    /// The complete debugger visualizer source.
-    pub src: Lrc<[u8]>,
-    /// Indicates which visualizer type this targets.
-    pub visualizer_type: DebuggerVisualizerType,
-}
-
-impl DebuggerVisualizerFile {
-    pub fn new(src: Lrc<[u8]>, visualizer_type: DebuggerVisualizerType) -> Self {
-        DebuggerVisualizerFile { src, visualizer_type }
-    }
-}
-
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub enum SourceFileLines {
     /// The source file lines, in decoded (random-access) form.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_span/src/source_map.rs b/compiler/rustc_span/src/source_map.rs
index 1294a8b8e6b..1824510a974 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_span/src/source_map.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_span/src/source_map.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@ pub use crate::*;
 
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashMap;
 use rustc_data_structures::stable_hasher::{Hash128, Hash64, StableHasher};
-use rustc_data_structures::sync::{AtomicU32, Lrc, MappedReadGuard, ReadGuard, RwLock};
+use rustc_data_structures::sync::{
+    AtomicU32, IntoDynSyncSend, Lrc, MappedReadGuard, ReadGuard, RwLock,
+};
 use std::cmp;
 use std::hash::Hash;
 use std::path::{self, Path, PathBuf};
@@ -176,7 +178,7 @@ pub struct SourceMap {
     used_address_space: AtomicU32,
 
     files: RwLock<SourceMapFiles>,
-    file_loader: Box<dyn FileLoader + Sync + Send>,
+    file_loader: IntoDynSyncSend<Box<dyn FileLoader + Sync + Send>>,
     // This is used to apply the file path remapping as specified via
     // `--remap-path-prefix` to all `SourceFile`s allocated within this `SourceMap`.
     path_mapping: FilePathMapping,
@@ -202,7 +204,7 @@ impl SourceMap {
         SourceMap {
             used_address_space: AtomicU32::new(0),
             files: Default::default(),
-            file_loader,
+            file_loader: IntoDynSyncSend(file_loader),
             path_mapping,
             hash_kind,
         }
@@ -637,7 +639,7 @@ impl SourceMap {
         self.span_to_source(sp, |src, start_index, end_index| {
             Ok(src.get(start_index..end_index).is_some())
         })
-        .map_or(false, |is_accessible| is_accessible)
+        .is_ok_and(|is_accessible| is_accessible)
     }
 
     /// Returns the source snippet as `String` corresponding to the given `Span`.
@@ -833,7 +835,7 @@ impl SourceMap {
             }
             return Ok(true);
         })
-        .map_or(false, |is_accessible| is_accessible)
+        .is_ok_and(|is_accessible| is_accessible)
     }
 
     /// Given a `Span`, tries to get a shorter span ending just after the first occurrence of `char`
@@ -965,7 +967,7 @@ impl SourceMap {
         for _ in 0..limit.unwrap_or(100_usize) {
             sp = self.next_point(sp);
             if let Ok(ref snippet) = self.span_to_snippet(sp) {
-                if expect.map_or(false, |es| snippet == es) {
+                if expect.is_some_and(|es| snippet == es) {
                     break;
                 }
                 if expect.is_none() && snippet.chars().any(|c| !c.is_whitespace()) {
@@ -1017,36 +1019,19 @@ impl SourceMap {
 
         let src = local_begin.sf.external_src.borrow();
 
-        // We need to extend the snippet to the end of the src rather than to end_index so when
-        // searching forwards for boundaries we've got somewhere to search.
-        let snippet = if let Some(ref src) = local_begin.sf.src {
-            &src[start_index..]
+        let snippet = if let Some(src) = &local_begin.sf.src {
+            src
         } else if let Some(src) = src.get_source() {
-            &src[start_index..]
+            src
         } else {
             return 1;
         };
-        debug!("snippet=`{:?}`", snippet);
 
-        let mut target = if forwards { end_index + 1 } else { end_index - 1 };
-        debug!("initial target=`{:?}`", target);
-
-        while !snippet.is_char_boundary(target - start_index) && target < source_len {
-            target = if forwards {
-                target + 1
-            } else {
-                match target.checked_sub(1) {
-                    Some(target) => target,
-                    None => {
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-            };
-            debug!("target=`{:?}`", target);
+        if forwards {
+            (snippet.ceil_char_boundary(end_index + 1) - end_index) as u32
+        } else {
+            (end_index - snippet.floor_char_boundary(end_index - 1)) as u32
         }
-        debug!("final target=`{:?}`", target);
-
-        if forwards { (target - end_index) as u32 } else { (end_index - target) as u32 }
     }
 
     pub fn get_source_file(&self, filename: &FileName) -> Option<Lrc<SourceFile>> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs b/compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs
index 60efcb768cb..2f002e42427 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs
@@ -164,6 +164,7 @@ symbols! {
         Capture,
         Center,
         Clone,
+        ConstParamTy,
         Context,
         Continue,
         Copy,
@@ -463,6 +464,7 @@ symbols! {
         cfg_doctest,
         cfg_eval,
         cfg_hide,
+        cfg_overflow_checks,
         cfg_panic,
         cfg_sanitize,
         cfg_target_abi,
@@ -1065,6 +1067,7 @@ symbols! {
         or_patterns,
         other,
         out,
+        overflow_checks,
         overlapping_marker_traits,
         owned_box,
         packed,
@@ -1143,6 +1146,8 @@ symbols! {
         profiler_builtins,
         profiler_runtime,
         ptr,
+        ptr_cast_mut,
+        ptr_from_ref,
         ptr_guaranteed_cmp,
         ptr_mask,
         ptr_null,
@@ -1451,6 +1456,10 @@ symbols! {
         stop_after_dataflow,
         store,
         str,
+        str_from_utf8,
+        str_from_utf8_mut,
+        str_from_utf8_unchecked,
+        str_from_utf8_unchecked_mut,
         str_split_whitespace,
         str_trim,
         str_trim_end,
@@ -1581,6 +1590,7 @@ symbols! {
         unrestricted_attribute_tokens,
         unsafe_block_in_unsafe_fn,
         unsafe_cell,
+        unsafe_cell_from_mut,
         unsafe_no_drop_flag,
         unsafe_pin_internals,
         unsize,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/legacy.rs b/compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/legacy.rs
index a3f262905c7..254ede4e6a0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/legacy.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/legacy.rs
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Printer<'tcx> for &mut SymbolPrinter<'tcx> {
         match *ty.kind() {
             // Print all nominal types as paths (unlike `pretty_print_type`).
             ty::FnDef(def_id, substs)
-            | ty::Alias(_, ty::AliasTy { def_id, substs, .. })
+            | ty::Alias(ty::Projection | ty::Opaque, ty::AliasTy { def_id, substs, .. })
             | ty::Closure(def_id, substs)
             | ty::Generator(def_id, substs, _) => self.print_def_path(def_id, substs),
 
@@ -241,6 +241,8 @@ impl<'tcx> Printer<'tcx> for &mut SymbolPrinter<'tcx> {
                 Ok(self)
             }
 
+            ty::Alias(ty::Inherent, _) => panic!("unexpected inherent projection"),
+
             _ => self.pretty_print_type(ty),
         }
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/lib.rs
index c97406868b6..692542da78e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/lib.rs
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ use rustc_hir::def_id::{CrateNum, LOCAL_CRATE};
 use rustc_middle::middle::codegen_fn_attrs::CodegenFnAttrFlags;
 use rustc_middle::middle::codegen_fn_attrs::CodegenFnAttrs;
 use rustc_middle::mir::mono::{InstantiationMode, MonoItem};
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::subst::SubstsRef;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Instance, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_session::config::SymbolManglingVersion;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/typeid.rs b/compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/typeid.rs
index 81dbff9ea4e..cda16e3a3f5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/typeid.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/typeid.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 /// For more information about LLVM CFI and cross-language LLVM CFI support for the Rust compiler,
 /// see design document in the tracking issue #89653.
 use bitflags::bitflags;
-use rustc_middle::ty::{FnSig, Ty, TyCtxt};
+use rustc_middle::ty::{FnSig, Instance, Ty, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_target::abi::call::FnAbi;
 use std::hash::Hasher;
 use twox_hash::XxHash64;
@@ -38,6 +38,15 @@ pub fn typeid_for_fnsig<'tcx>(
     typeid_itanium_cxx_abi::typeid_for_fnsig(tcx, fn_sig, options)
 }
 
+/// Returns a type metadata identifier for the specified Instance.
+pub fn typeid_for_instance<'tcx>(
+    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+    instance: &Instance<'tcx>,
+    options: TypeIdOptions,
+) -> String {
+    typeid_itanium_cxx_abi::typeid_for_instance(tcx, instance, options)
+}
+
 /// Returns a KCFI type metadata identifier for the specified FnAbi.
 pub fn kcfi_typeid_for_fnabi<'tcx>(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
@@ -63,3 +72,16 @@ pub fn kcfi_typeid_for_fnsig<'tcx>(
     hash.write(typeid_itanium_cxx_abi::typeid_for_fnsig(tcx, fn_sig, options).as_bytes());
     hash.finish() as u32
 }
+
+/// Returns a KCFI type metadata identifier for the specified Instance.
+pub fn kcfi_typeid_for_instance<'tcx>(
+    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+    instance: &Instance<'tcx>,
+    options: TypeIdOptions,
+) -> u32 {
+    // A KCFI type metadata identifier is a 32-bit constant produced by taking the lower half of the
+    // xxHash64 of the type metadata identifier. (See llvm/llvm-project@cff5bef.)
+    let mut hash: XxHash64 = Default::default();
+    hash.write(typeid_itanium_cxx_abi::typeid_for_instance(tcx, instance, options).as_bytes());
+    hash.finish() as u32
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/typeid/typeid_itanium_cxx_abi.rs b/compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/typeid/typeid_itanium_cxx_abi.rs
index 5310ef26da7..b245742e533 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/typeid/typeid_itanium_cxx_abi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/typeid/typeid_itanium_cxx_abi.rs
@@ -10,12 +10,11 @@
 use core::fmt::Display;
 use rustc_data_structures::base_n;
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashMap;
-use rustc_errors::DiagnosticMessage;
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_middle::ty::subst::{GenericArg, GenericArgKind, SubstsRef};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{
-    self, Const, ExistentialPredicate, FloatTy, FnSig, IntTy, List, Region, RegionKind, TermKind,
-    Ty, TyCtxt, UintTy,
+    self, Const, ExistentialPredicate, FloatTy, FnSig, Instance, IntTy, List, Region, RegionKind,
+    TermKind, Ty, TyCtxt, UintTy,
 };
 use rustc_span::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc_span::sym;
@@ -272,12 +271,11 @@ fn encode_region<'tcx>(
             s.push('E');
             compress(dict, DictKey::Region(region), &mut s);
         }
-        RegionKind::ReErased => {
+        RegionKind::ReEarlyBound(..) | RegionKind::ReErased => {
             s.push_str("u6region");
             compress(dict, DictKey::Region(region), &mut s);
         }
-        RegionKind::ReEarlyBound(..)
-        | RegionKind::ReFree(..)
+        RegionKind::ReFree(..)
         | RegionKind::ReStatic
         | RegionKind::ReError(_)
         | RegionKind::ReVar(..)
@@ -535,10 +533,7 @@ fn encode_ty<'tcx>(
                         tcx.sess
                             .struct_span_err(
                                 cfi_encoding.span,
-                                DiagnosticMessage::Str(format!(
-                                    "invalid `cfi_encoding` for `{:?}`",
-                                    ty.kind()
-                                )),
+                                format!("invalid `cfi_encoding` for `{:?}`", ty.kind()),
                             )
                             .emit();
                     }
@@ -590,10 +585,7 @@ fn encode_ty<'tcx>(
                         tcx.sess
                             .struct_span_err(
                                 cfi_encoding.span,
-                                DiagnosticMessage::Str(format!(
-                                    "invalid `cfi_encoding` for `{:?}`",
-                                    ty.kind()
-                                )),
+                                format!("invalid `cfi_encoding` for `{:?}`", ty.kind()),
                             )
                             .emit();
                     }
@@ -673,6 +665,14 @@ fn encode_ty<'tcx>(
             typeid.push_str(&s);
         }
 
+        // Type parameters
+        ty::Param(..) => {
+            // u5param as vendor extended type
+            let mut s = String::from("u5param");
+            compress(dict, DictKey::Ty(ty, TyQ::None), &mut s);
+            typeid.push_str(&s);
+        }
+
         // Unexpected types
         ty::Bound(..)
         | ty::Error(..)
@@ -680,7 +680,6 @@ fn encode_ty<'tcx>(
         | ty::GeneratorWitnessMIR(..)
         | ty::Infer(..)
         | ty::Alias(..)
-        | ty::Param(..)
         | ty::Placeholder(..) => {
             bug!("encode_ty: unexpected `{:?}`", ty.kind());
         }
@@ -689,6 +688,42 @@ fn encode_ty<'tcx>(
     typeid
 }
 
+/// Transforms predicates for being encoded and used in the substitution dictionary.
+fn transform_predicates<'tcx>(
+    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+    predicates: &List<ty::PolyExistentialPredicate<'tcx>>,
+    _options: EncodeTyOptions,
+) -> &'tcx List<ty::PolyExistentialPredicate<'tcx>> {
+    let predicates: Vec<ty::PolyExistentialPredicate<'tcx>> = predicates
+        .iter()
+        .filter_map(|predicate| match predicate.skip_binder() {
+            ty::ExistentialPredicate::Trait(trait_ref) => {
+                let trait_ref = ty::TraitRef::identity(tcx, trait_ref.def_id);
+                Some(ty::Binder::dummy(ty::ExistentialPredicate::Trait(
+                    ty::ExistentialTraitRef::erase_self_ty(tcx, trait_ref),
+                )))
+            }
+            ty::ExistentialPredicate::Projection(..) => None,
+            ty::ExistentialPredicate::AutoTrait(..) => Some(predicate),
+        })
+        .collect();
+    tcx.mk_poly_existential_predicates(&predicates)
+}
+
+/// Transforms substs for being encoded and used in the substitution dictionary.
+fn transform_substs<'tcx>(
+    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+    substs: SubstsRef<'tcx>,
+    options: TransformTyOptions,
+) -> SubstsRef<'tcx> {
+    let substs = substs.iter().map(|subst| match subst.unpack() {
+        GenericArgKind::Type(ty) if ty.is_c_void(tcx) => tcx.mk_unit().into(),
+        GenericArgKind::Type(ty) => transform_ty(tcx, ty, options).into(),
+        _ => subst,
+    });
+    tcx.mk_substs_from_iter(substs)
+}
+
 // Transforms a ty:Ty for being encoded and used in the substitution dictionary. It transforms all
 // c_void types into unit types unconditionally, generalizes pointers if
 // TransformTyOptions::GENERALIZE_POINTERS option is set, and normalizes integers if
@@ -697,7 +732,7 @@ fn transform_ty<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>, options: TransformTyOptio
     let mut ty = ty;
 
     match ty.kind() {
-        ty::Float(..) | ty::Char | ty::Str | ty::Never | ty::Foreign(..) | ty::Dynamic(..) => {}
+        ty::Float(..) | ty::Char | ty::Str | ty::Never | ty::Foreign(..) => {}
 
         ty::Bool => {
             if options.contains(EncodeTyOptions::NORMALIZE_INTEGERS) {
@@ -776,7 +811,7 @@ fn transform_ty<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>, options: TransformTyOptio
                 let field = variant.fields.iter().find(|field| {
                     let ty = tcx.type_of(field.did).subst_identity();
                     let is_zst =
-                        tcx.layout_of(param_env.and(ty)).map_or(false, |layout| layout.is_zst());
+                        tcx.layout_of(param_env.and(ty)).is_ok_and(|layout| layout.is_zst());
                     !is_zst
                 });
                 if let Some(field) = field {
@@ -870,6 +905,14 @@ fn transform_ty<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>, options: TransformTyOptio
             }
         }
 
+        ty::Dynamic(predicates, _region, kind) => {
+            ty = tcx.mk_dynamic(
+                transform_predicates(tcx, predicates, options),
+                tcx.lifetimes.re_erased,
+                *kind,
+            );
+        }
+
         ty::Bound(..)
         | ty::Error(..)
         | ty::GeneratorWitness(..)
@@ -885,20 +928,6 @@ fn transform_ty<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>, options: TransformTyOptio
     ty
 }
 
-/// Transforms substs for being encoded and used in the substitution dictionary.
-fn transform_substs<'tcx>(
-    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-    substs: SubstsRef<'tcx>,
-    options: TransformTyOptions,
-) -> SubstsRef<'tcx> {
-    let substs = substs.iter().map(|subst| match subst.unpack() {
-        GenericArgKind::Type(ty) if ty.is_c_void(tcx) => tcx.mk_unit().into(),
-        GenericArgKind::Type(ty) => transform_ty(tcx, ty, options).into(),
-        _ => subst,
-    });
-    tcx.mk_substs_from_iter(substs)
-}
-
 /// Returns a type metadata identifier for the specified FnAbi using the Itanium C++ ABI with vendor
 /// extended type qualifiers and types for Rust types that are not used at the FFI boundary.
 #[instrument(level = "trace", skip(tcx))]
@@ -1010,3 +1039,56 @@ pub fn typeid_for_fnsig<'tcx>(
 
     typeid
 }
+
+/// Returns a type metadata identifier for the specified Instance using the Itanium C++ ABI with
+/// vendor extended type qualifiers and types for Rust types that are not used at the FFI boundary.
+pub fn typeid_for_instance<'tcx>(
+    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+    instance: &Instance<'tcx>,
+    options: TypeIdOptions,
+) -> String {
+    let fn_abi = tcx
+        .fn_abi_of_instance(tcx.param_env(instance.def_id()).and((*instance, ty::List::empty())))
+        .unwrap_or_else(|instance| {
+            bug!("typeid_for_instance: couldn't get fn_abi of instance {:?}", instance)
+        });
+
+    // If this instance is a method and self is a reference, get the impl it belongs to
+    let impl_def_id = tcx.impl_of_method(instance.def_id());
+    if impl_def_id.is_some() && !fn_abi.args.is_empty() && fn_abi.args[0].layout.ty.is_ref() {
+        // If this impl is not an inherent impl, get the trait it implements
+        if let Some(trait_ref) = tcx.impl_trait_ref(impl_def_id.unwrap()) {
+            // Transform the concrete self into a reference to a trait object
+            let existential_predicate = trait_ref.map_bound(|trait_ref| {
+                ty::ExistentialPredicate::Trait(ty::ExistentialTraitRef::erase_self_ty(
+                    tcx, trait_ref,
+                ))
+            });
+            let existential_predicates = tcx.mk_poly_existential_predicates(&[ty::Binder::dummy(
+                existential_predicate.skip_binder(),
+            )]);
+            // Is the concrete self mutable?
+            let self_ty = if fn_abi.args[0].layout.ty.is_mutable_ptr() {
+                tcx.mk_mut_ref(
+                    tcx.lifetimes.re_erased,
+                    tcx.mk_dynamic(existential_predicates, tcx.lifetimes.re_erased, ty::Dyn),
+                )
+            } else {
+                tcx.mk_imm_ref(
+                    tcx.lifetimes.re_erased,
+                    tcx.mk_dynamic(existential_predicates, tcx.lifetimes.re_erased, ty::Dyn),
+                )
+            };
+
+            // Replace the concrete self in an fn_abi clone by the reference to a trait object
+            let mut fn_abi = fn_abi.clone();
+            // HACK(rcvalle): It is okay to not replace or update the entire ArgAbi here because the
+            //   other fields are never used.
+            fn_abi.args[0].layout.ty = self_ty;
+
+            return typeid_for_fnabi(tcx, &fn_abi, options);
+        }
+    }
+
+    typeid_for_fnabi(tcx, &fn_abi, options)
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/v0.rs b/compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/v0.rs
index 2235524129e..0a805e2422d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/v0.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/v0.rs
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Printer<'tcx> for &mut SymbolMangler<'tcx> {
 
         let mut param_env = self.tcx.param_env_reveal_all_normalized(impl_def_id);
         if !substs.is_empty() {
-            param_env = EarlyBinder(param_env).subst(self.tcx, substs);
+            param_env = EarlyBinder::bind(param_env).subst(self.tcx, substs);
         }
 
         match &mut impl_trait_ref {
@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Printer<'tcx> for &mut SymbolMangler<'tcx> {
             // Mangle all nominal types as paths.
             ty::Adt(ty::AdtDef(Interned(&ty::AdtDefData { did: def_id, .. }, _)), substs)
             | ty::FnDef(def_id, substs)
-            | ty::Alias(_, ty::AliasTy { def_id, substs, .. })
+            | ty::Alias(ty::Projection | ty::Opaque, ty::AliasTy { def_id, substs, .. })
             | ty::Closure(def_id, substs)
             | ty::Generator(def_id, substs, _) => {
                 self = self.print_def_path(def_id, substs)?;
@@ -482,6 +482,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Printer<'tcx> for &mut SymbolMangler<'tcx> {
                 self = r.print(self)?;
             }
 
+            ty::Alias(ty::Inherent, _) => bug!("symbol_names: unexpected inherent projection"),
             ty::GeneratorWitness(_) => bug!("symbol_names: unexpected `GeneratorWitness`"),
             ty::GeneratorWitnessMIR(..) => bug!("symbol_names: unexpected `GeneratorWitnessMIR`"),
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/abi/call/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/abi/call/mod.rs
index 52159a7b06a..1ae11f5671c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/abi/call/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/abi/call/mod.rs
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ mod x86;
 mod x86_64;
 mod x86_win64;
 
-#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
 pub enum PassMode {
     /// Ignore the argument.
     ///
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ impl Uniform {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
 pub struct CastTarget {
     pub prefix: [Option<Reg>; 8],
     pub rest: Uniform,
@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ impl<'a, Ty> TyAndLayout<'a, Ty> {
 
 /// Information about how to pass an argument to,
 /// or return a value from, a function, under some ABI.
-#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
 pub struct ArgAbi<'a, Ty> {
     pub layout: TyAndLayout<'a, Ty>,
     pub mode: PassMode,
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ pub enum Conv {
 ///
 /// I will do my best to describe this structure, but these
 /// comments are reverse-engineered and may be inaccurate. -NDM
-#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
 pub struct FnAbi<'a, Ty> {
     /// The LLVM types of each argument.
     pub args: Box<[ArgAbi<'a, Ty>]>,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/asm/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/asm/mod.rs
index 705966f5237..e60b8e78e5d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/asm/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/asm/mod.rs
@@ -882,8 +882,8 @@ impl InlineAsmClobberAbi {
                 _ => Err(&["C", "system", "efiapi"]),
             },
             InlineAsmArch::LoongArch64 => match name {
-                "C" | "system" | "efiapi" => Ok(InlineAsmClobberAbi::LoongArch),
-                _ => Err(&["C", "system", "efiapi"]),
+                "C" | "system" => Ok(InlineAsmClobberAbi::LoongArch),
+                _ => Err(&["C", "system"]),
             },
             _ => Err(&[]),
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/lib.rs
index dc2cc23ffb1..a7b54766bc6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/lib.rs
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #![feature(assert_matches)]
 #![feature(associated_type_bounds)]
 #![feature(exhaustive_patterns)]
+#![feature(iter_intersperse)]
 #![feature(min_specialization)]
 #![feature(never_type)]
 #![feature(rustc_attrs)]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_apple_darwin.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_apple_darwin.rs
index b69ade7e4aa..9ac73235141 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_apple_darwin.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_apple_darwin.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use crate::spec::{FramePointer, SanitizerSet, Target, TargetOptions};
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let arch = Arch::Arm64;
     let mut base = opts("macos", arch);
-    base.cpu = "apple-a14".into();
+    base.cpu = "apple-m1".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(128);
 
     // FIXME: The leak sanitizer currently fails the tests, see #88132.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_apple_ios_macabi.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_apple_ios_macabi.rs
index 2b135b67034..e2df7e0bdcc 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_apple_ios_macabi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_apple_ios_macabi.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use super::apple_base::{opts, Arch};
 use crate::spec::{Cc, FramePointer, LinkerFlavor, Lld, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
-    let llvm_target = "arm64-apple-ios-macabi";
+    let llvm_target = "arm64-apple-ios14.0-macabi";
 
     let arch = Arch::Arm64_macabi;
     let mut base = opts("ios", arch);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_linux_musl.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_linux_musl.rs
index d0c950c2e32..523eb6bd2fe 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_linux_musl.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_linux_musl.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,15 @@
-use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
+use crate::spec::{SanitizerSet, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::linux_musl_base::opts();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(128);
     base.supports_xray = true;
     base.features = "+v8a".into();
+    base.supported_sanitizers = SanitizerSet::ADDRESS
+        | SanitizerSet::CFI
+        | SanitizerSet::LEAK
+        | SanitizerSet::MEMORY
+        | SanitizerSet::THREAD;
 
     Target {
         llvm_target: "aarch64-unknown-linux-musl".into(),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mips64_unknown_linux_gnuabi64.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mips64_unknown_linux_gnuabi64.rs
index fc5dbd114e4..b9df0046b12 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mips64_unknown_linux_gnuabi64.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mips64_unknown_linux_gnuabi64.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
             endian: Endian::Big,
             // NOTE(mips64r2) matches C toolchain
             cpu: "mips64r2".into(),
-            features: "+mips64r2".into(),
+            features: "+mips64r2,+xgot".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(64),
             mcount: "_mcount".into(),
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mips64el_unknown_linux_gnuabi64.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mips64el_unknown_linux_gnuabi64.rs
index e0d5f6f57f1..57ad8c47399 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mips64el_unknown_linux_gnuabi64.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mips64el_unknown_linux_gnuabi64.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
             abi: "abi64".into(),
             // NOTE(mips64r2) matches C toolchain
             cpu: "mips64r2".into(),
-            features: "+mips64r2".into(),
+            features: "+mips64r2,+xgot".into(),
             max_atomic_width: Some(64),
             mcount: "_mcount".into(),
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mod.rs
index ba4b89c9ea1..05cb7e87a93 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mod.rs
@@ -205,15 +205,11 @@ impl ToJson for LldFlavor {
 }
 
 impl LinkerFlavor {
-    pub fn from_cli(cli: LinkerFlavorCli, target: &TargetOptions) -> LinkerFlavor {
-        Self::from_cli_impl(cli, target.linker_flavor.lld_flavor(), target.linker_flavor.is_gnu())
-    }
-
-    /// The passed CLI flavor is preferred over other args coming from the default target spec,
-    /// so this function can produce a flavor that is incompatible with the current target.
-    /// FIXME: Produce errors when `-Clinker-flavor` is set to something incompatible
-    /// with the current target.
-    fn from_cli_impl(cli: LinkerFlavorCli, lld_flavor: LldFlavor, is_gnu: bool) -> LinkerFlavor {
+    /// At this point the target's reference linker flavor doesn't yet exist and we need to infer
+    /// it. The inference always succeds and gives some result, and we don't report any flavor
+    /// incompatibility errors for json target specs. The CLI flavor is used as the main source
+    /// of truth, other flags are used in case of ambiguities.
+    fn from_cli_json(cli: LinkerFlavorCli, lld_flavor: LldFlavor, is_gnu: bool) -> LinkerFlavor {
         match cli {
             LinkerFlavorCli::Gcc => match lld_flavor {
                 LldFlavor::Ld if is_gnu => LinkerFlavor::Gnu(Cc::Yes, Lld::No),
@@ -257,6 +253,85 @@ impl LinkerFlavor {
         }
     }
 
+    fn infer_cli_hints(cli: LinkerFlavorCli) -> (Option<Cc>, Option<Lld>) {
+        match cli {
+            LinkerFlavorCli::Gcc | LinkerFlavorCli::Em => (Some(Cc::Yes), None),
+            LinkerFlavorCli::Lld(_) => (Some(Cc::No), Some(Lld::Yes)),
+            LinkerFlavorCli::Ld | LinkerFlavorCli::Msvc => (Some(Cc::No), Some(Lld::No)),
+            LinkerFlavorCli::BpfLinker | LinkerFlavorCli::PtxLinker => (None, None),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn infer_linker_hints(linker_stem: &str) -> (Option<Cc>, Option<Lld>) {
+        // Remove any version postfix.
+        let stem = linker_stem
+            .rsplit_once('-')
+            .and_then(|(lhs, rhs)| rhs.chars().all(char::is_numeric).then_some(lhs))
+            .unwrap_or(linker_stem);
+
+        // GCC/Clang can have an optional target prefix.
+        if stem == "emcc"
+            || stem == "gcc"
+            || stem.ends_with("-gcc")
+            || stem == "g++"
+            || stem.ends_with("-g++")
+            || stem == "clang"
+            || stem.ends_with("-clang")
+            || stem == "clang++"
+            || stem.ends_with("-clang++")
+        {
+            (Some(Cc::Yes), None)
+        } else if stem == "wasm-ld"
+            || stem.ends_with("-wasm-ld")
+            || stem == "ld.lld"
+            || stem == "lld"
+            || stem == "rust-lld"
+            || stem == "lld-link"
+        {
+            (Some(Cc::No), Some(Lld::Yes))
+        } else if stem == "ld" || stem.ends_with("-ld") || stem == "link" {
+            (Some(Cc::No), Some(Lld::No))
+        } else {
+            (None, None)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn with_hints(self, (cc_hint, lld_hint): (Option<Cc>, Option<Lld>)) -> LinkerFlavor {
+        match self {
+            LinkerFlavor::Gnu(cc, lld) => {
+                LinkerFlavor::Gnu(cc_hint.unwrap_or(cc), lld_hint.unwrap_or(lld))
+            }
+            LinkerFlavor::Darwin(cc, lld) => {
+                LinkerFlavor::Darwin(cc_hint.unwrap_or(cc), lld_hint.unwrap_or(lld))
+            }
+            LinkerFlavor::WasmLld(cc) => LinkerFlavor::WasmLld(cc_hint.unwrap_or(cc)),
+            LinkerFlavor::Unix(cc) => LinkerFlavor::Unix(cc_hint.unwrap_or(cc)),
+            LinkerFlavor::Msvc(lld) => LinkerFlavor::Msvc(lld_hint.unwrap_or(lld)),
+            LinkerFlavor::EmCc | LinkerFlavor::Bpf | LinkerFlavor::Ptx => self,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn with_cli_hints(self, cli: LinkerFlavorCli) -> LinkerFlavor {
+        self.with_hints(LinkerFlavor::infer_cli_hints(cli))
+    }
+
+    pub fn with_linker_hints(self, linker_stem: &str) -> LinkerFlavor {
+        self.with_hints(LinkerFlavor::infer_linker_hints(linker_stem))
+    }
+
+    pub fn check_compatibility(self, cli: LinkerFlavorCli) -> Option<String> {
+        // The CLI flavor should be compatible with the target if it survives this roundtrip.
+        let compatible = |cli| cli == self.with_cli_hints(cli).to_cli();
+        (!compatible(cli)).then(|| {
+            LinkerFlavorCli::all()
+                .iter()
+                .filter(|cli| compatible(**cli))
+                .map(|cli| cli.desc())
+                .intersperse(", ")
+                .collect()
+        })
+    }
+
     pub fn lld_flavor(self) -> LldFlavor {
         match self {
             LinkerFlavor::Gnu(..)
@@ -278,6 +353,10 @@ impl LinkerFlavor {
 macro_rules! linker_flavor_cli_impls {
     ($(($($flavor:tt)*) $string:literal)*) => (
         impl LinkerFlavorCli {
+            const fn all() -> &'static [LinkerFlavorCli] {
+                &[$($($flavor)*,)*]
+            }
+
             pub const fn one_of() -> &'static str {
                 concat!("one of: ", $($string, " ",)*)
             }
@@ -289,8 +368,8 @@ macro_rules! linker_flavor_cli_impls {
                 })
             }
 
-            pub fn desc(&self) -> &str {
-                match *self {
+            pub fn desc(self) -> &'static str {
+                match self {
                     $($($flavor)* => $string,)*
                 }
             }
@@ -815,6 +894,7 @@ bitflags::bitflags! {
         const SHADOWCALLSTACK = 1 << 7;
         const KCFI    = 1 << 8;
         const KERNELADDRESS = 1 << 9;
+        const SAFESTACK = 1 << 10;
     }
 }
 
@@ -831,6 +911,7 @@ impl SanitizerSet {
             SanitizerSet::LEAK => "leak",
             SanitizerSet::MEMORY => "memory",
             SanitizerSet::MEMTAG => "memtag",
+            SanitizerSet::SAFESTACK => "safestack",
             SanitizerSet::SHADOWCALLSTACK => "shadow-call-stack",
             SanitizerSet::THREAD => "thread",
             SanitizerSet::HWADDRESS => "hwaddress",
@@ -871,6 +952,7 @@ impl IntoIterator for SanitizerSet {
             SanitizerSet::THREAD,
             SanitizerSet::HWADDRESS,
             SanitizerSet::KERNELADDRESS,
+            SanitizerSet::SAFESTACK,
         ]
         .iter()
         .copied()
@@ -1798,7 +1880,7 @@ impl TargetOptions {
     }
 
     fn update_from_cli(&mut self) {
-        self.linker_flavor = LinkerFlavor::from_cli_impl(
+        self.linker_flavor = LinkerFlavor::from_cli_json(
             self.linker_flavor_json,
             self.lld_flavor_json,
             self.linker_is_gnu_json,
@@ -1812,12 +1894,7 @@ impl TargetOptions {
         ] {
             args.clear();
             for (flavor, args_json) in args_json {
-                // Cannot use `from_cli` due to borrow checker.
-                let linker_flavor = LinkerFlavor::from_cli_impl(
-                    *flavor,
-                    self.lld_flavor_json,
-                    self.linker_is_gnu_json,
-                );
+                let linker_flavor = self.linker_flavor.with_cli_hints(*flavor);
                 // Normalize to no lld to avoid asserts.
                 let linker_flavor = match linker_flavor {
                     LinkerFlavor::Gnu(cc, _) => LinkerFlavor::Gnu(cc, Lld::No),
@@ -2364,6 +2441,7 @@ impl Target {
                                 Some("leak") => SanitizerSet::LEAK,
                                 Some("memory") => SanitizerSet::MEMORY,
                                 Some("memtag") => SanitizerSet::MEMTAG,
+                                Some("safestack") => SanitizerSet::SAFESTACK,
                                 Some("shadow-call-stack") => SanitizerSet::SHADOWCALLSTACK,
                                 Some("thread") => SanitizerSet::THREAD,
                                 Some("hwaddress") => SanitizerSet::HWADDRESS,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_apple_ios_macabi.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_apple_ios_macabi.rs
index 5a3e2a79bb9..9f3b0fab697 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_apple_ios_macabi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_apple_ios_macabi.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use super::apple_base::{opts, Arch};
 use crate::spec::{Cc, LinkerFlavor, Lld, StackProbeType, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
-    let llvm_target = "x86_64-apple-ios-macabi";
+    let llvm_target = "x86_64-apple-ios14.0-macabi";
 
     let arch = Arch::X86_64_macabi;
     let mut base = opts("ios", arch);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_pc_solaris.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_pc_solaris.rs
index cb62a817322..d2906d6c4ae 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_pc_solaris.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_pc_solaris.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     base.vendor = "pc".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::X86;
-    base.supported_sanitizers = SanitizerSet::ADDRESS | SanitizerSet::CFI;
+    base.supported_sanitizers = SanitizerSet::ADDRESS | SanitizerSet::CFI | SanitizerSet::THREAD;
 
     Target {
         llvm_target: "x86_64-pc-solaris".into(),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_illumos.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_illumos.rs
index 04a12a7bfa6..ca5b62e279c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_illumos.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_illumos.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     base.add_pre_link_args(LinkerFlavor::Unix(Cc::Yes), &["-m64", "-std=c99"]);
     base.cpu = "x86-64".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    base.supported_sanitizers = SanitizerSet::ADDRESS | SanitizerSet::CFI;
+    base.supported_sanitizers = SanitizerSet::ADDRESS | SanitizerSet::CFI | SanitizerSet::THREAD;
 
     Target {
         // LLVM does not currently have a separate illumos target,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
index 9af1049b870..deb15c02c68 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu.rs
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
         | SanitizerSet::CFI
         | SanitizerSet::LEAK
         | SanitizerSet::MEMORY
+        | SanitizerSet::SAFESTACK
         | SanitizerSet::THREAD;
     base.supports_xray = true;
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/messages.ftl
index 8fea3fc140d..217ba71b631 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/messages.ftl
@@ -1,17 +1,13 @@
 trait_selection_dump_vtable_entries = vtable entries for `{$trait_ref}`: {$entries}
 
-trait_selection_unable_to_construct_constant_value = unable to construct a constant value for the unevaluated constant {$unevaluated}
-
 trait_selection_empty_on_clause_in_rustc_on_unimplemented = empty `on`-clause in `#[rustc_on_unimplemented]`
     .label = empty on-clause here
 
+trait_selection_inherent_projection_normalization_overflow = overflow evaluating associated type `{$ty}`
+
 trait_selection_invalid_on_clause_in_rustc_on_unimplemented = invalid `on`-clause in `#[rustc_on_unimplemented]`
     .label = invalid on-clause here
 
-trait_selection_no_value_in_rustc_on_unimplemented = this attribute must have a valid value
-    .label = expected value here
-    .note = eg `#[rustc_on_unimplemented(message="foo")]`
-
 trait_selection_negative_positive_conflict = found both positive and negative implementation of trait `{$trait_desc}`{$self_desc ->
         [none] {""}
        *[default] {" "}for type `{$self_desc}`
@@ -21,4 +17,8 @@ trait_selection_negative_positive_conflict = found both positive and negative im
     .positive_implementation_here = positive implementation here
     .positive_implementation_in_crate = positive implementation in crate `{$positive_impl_cname}`
 
-trait_selection_inherent_projection_normalization_overflow = overflow evaluating associated type `{$ty}`
+trait_selection_no_value_in_rustc_on_unimplemented = this attribute must have a valid value
+    .label = expected value here
+    .note = eg `#[rustc_on_unimplemented(message="foo")]`
+
+trait_selection_unable_to_construct_constant_value = unable to construct a constant value for the unevaluated constant {$unevaluated}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/infer.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/infer.rs
index 142c20014a0..312bd38178f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/infer.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/infer.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc_hir::lang_items::LangItem;
 use rustc_middle::arena::ArenaAllocatable;
 use rustc_middle::infer::canonical::{Canonical, CanonicalQueryResponse, QueryResponse};
-use rustc_middle::traits::query::Fallible;
+use rustc_middle::traits::query::NoSolution;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeFoldable, TypeVisitableExt};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{GenericArg, ToPredicate};
 use rustc_span::DUMMY_SP;
@@ -82,8 +82,8 @@ pub trait InferCtxtBuilderExt<'tcx> {
     fn enter_canonical_trait_query<K, R>(
         &mut self,
         canonical_key: &Canonical<'tcx, K>,
-        operation: impl FnOnce(&ObligationCtxt<'_, 'tcx>, K) -> Fallible<R>,
-    ) -> Fallible<CanonicalQueryResponse<'tcx, R>>
+        operation: impl FnOnce(&ObligationCtxt<'_, 'tcx>, K) -> Result<R, NoSolution>,
+    ) -> Result<CanonicalQueryResponse<'tcx, R>, NoSolution>
     where
         K: TypeFoldable<TyCtxt<'tcx>>,
         R: Debug + TypeFoldable<TyCtxt<'tcx>>,
@@ -110,8 +110,8 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtBuilderExt<'tcx> for InferCtxtBuilder<'tcx> {
     fn enter_canonical_trait_query<K, R>(
         &mut self,
         canonical_key: &Canonical<'tcx, K>,
-        operation: impl FnOnce(&ObligationCtxt<'_, 'tcx>, K) -> Fallible<R>,
-    ) -> Fallible<CanonicalQueryResponse<'tcx, R>>
+        operation: impl FnOnce(&ObligationCtxt<'_, 'tcx>, K) -> Result<R, NoSolution>,
+    ) -> Result<CanonicalQueryResponse<'tcx, R>, NoSolution>
     where
         K: TypeFoldable<TyCtxt<'tcx>>,
         R: Debug + TypeFoldable<TyCtxt<'tcx>>,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/assembly/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/assembly/mod.rs
index 25cc82f01d5..f32ff0442a4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/assembly/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/assembly/mod.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 use super::search_graph::OverflowHandler;
 use super::{EvalCtxt, SolverMode};
-use crate::solve::CanonicalResponseExt;
 use crate::traits::coherence;
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxIndexSet;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
@@ -333,8 +332,7 @@ impl<'tcx> EvalCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
         candidates: &mut Vec<Candidate<'tcx>>,
     ) {
         let tcx = self.tcx();
-        // FIXME: We also have to normalize opaque types, not sure where to best fit that in.
-        let &ty::Alias(ty::Projection, projection_ty) = goal.predicate.self_ty().kind() else {
+        let &ty::Alias(_, projection_ty) = goal.predicate.self_ty().kind() else {
             return
         };
 
@@ -356,8 +354,11 @@ impl<'tcx> EvalCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                         }),
                     );
                     ecx.add_goal(normalizes_to_goal);
-                    let _ = ecx.try_evaluate_added_goals()?;
+                    let _ = ecx.try_evaluate_added_goals().inspect_err(|_| {
+                        debug!("self type normalization failed");
+                    })?;
                     let normalized_ty = ecx.resolve_vars_if_possible(normalized_ty);
+                    debug!(?normalized_ty, "self type normalized");
                     // NOTE: Alternatively we could call `evaluate_goal` here and only
                     // have a `Normalized` candidate. This doesn't work as long as we
                     // use `CandidateSource` in winnowing.
@@ -506,10 +507,12 @@ impl<'tcx> EvalCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
             | ty::Param(_)
             | ty::Placeholder(..)
             | ty::Infer(ty::IntVar(_) | ty::FloatVar(_))
+            | ty::Alias(ty::Inherent, _)
             | ty::Error(_) => return,
             ty::Infer(ty::TyVar(_) | ty::FreshTy(_) | ty::FreshIntTy(_) | ty::FreshFloatTy(_))
             | ty::Bound(..) => bug!("unexpected self type for `{goal:?}`"),
-            ty::Alias(_, alias_ty) => alias_ty,
+            // Excluding IATs here as they don't have meaningful item bounds.
+            ty::Alias(ty::Projection | ty::Opaque, alias_ty) => alias_ty,
         };
 
         for assumption in self.tcx().item_bounds(alias_ty.def_id).subst(self.tcx(), alias_ty.substs)
@@ -740,13 +743,18 @@ impl<'tcx> EvalCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
             SolverMode::Normal => {
                 let param_env_responses = candidates
                     .iter()
-                    .filter(|c| matches!(c.source, CandidateSource::ParamEnv(_)))
+                    .filter(|c| {
+                        matches!(
+                            c.source,
+                            CandidateSource::ParamEnv(_) | CandidateSource::AliasBound
+                        )
+                    })
                     .map(|c| c.result)
                     .collect::<Vec<_>>();
                 if let Some(result) = self.try_merge_responses(&param_env_responses) {
-                    if result.has_only_region_constraints() {
-                        return Ok(result);
-                    }
+                    // We strongly prefer alias and param-env bounds here, even if they affect inference.
+                    // See https://github.com/rust-lang/trait-system-refactor-initiative/issues/11.
+                    return Ok(result);
                 }
             }
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/assembly/structural_traits.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/assembly/structural_traits.rs
index 0ede32c753c..0f3f8f1ac2c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/assembly/structural_traits.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/assembly/structural_traits.rs
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ pub(in crate::solve) fn replace_erased_lifetimes_with_bound_vars<'tcx>(
             let br =
                 ty::BoundRegion { var: ty::BoundVar::from_u32(counter), kind: ty::BrAnon(None) };
             counter += 1;
-            tcx.mk_re_late_bound(current_depth, br)
+            ty::Region::new_late_bound(tcx, current_depth, br)
         }
         // All free regions should be erased here.
         r => bug!("unexpected region: {r:?}"),
@@ -148,11 +148,7 @@ pub(in crate::solve) fn instantiate_constituent_tys_for_sized_trait<'tcx>(
 
         ty::Adt(def, substs) => {
             let sized_crit = def.sized_constraint(ecx.tcx());
-            Ok(sized_crit
-                .0
-                .iter()
-                .map(|ty| sized_crit.rebind(*ty).subst(ecx.tcx(), substs))
-                .collect())
+            Ok(sized_crit.subst_iter_copied(ecx.tcx(), substs).collect())
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/canonicalize.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/canonicalize.rs
index ff4bff10cc8..29bdb5ff67d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/canonicalize.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/canonicalize.rs
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeFolder<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for Canonicalizer<'_, 'tcx> {
             }),
         );
         let br = ty::BoundRegion { var, kind: BrAnon(None) };
-        self.interner().mk_re_late_bound(self.binder_index, br)
+        ty::Region::new_late_bound(self.interner(), self.binder_index, br)
     }
 
     fn fold_ty(&mut self, mut t: Ty<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/eval_ctxt.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/eval_ctxt.rs
index 63a73f8d50d..f91c6727753 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/eval_ctxt.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/eval_ctxt.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
+use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefId, LocalDefId};
 use rustc_infer::infer::at::ToTrace;
 use rustc_infer::infer::canonical::CanonicalVarValues;
 use rustc_infer::infer::type_variable::{TypeVariableOrigin, TypeVariableOriginKind};
@@ -9,7 +9,11 @@ use rustc_infer::infer::{
 use rustc_infer::traits::query::NoSolution;
 use rustc_infer::traits::ObligationCause;
 use rustc_middle::infer::unify_key::{ConstVariableOrigin, ConstVariableOriginKind};
-use rustc_middle::traits::solve::{CanonicalGoal, Certainty, MaybeCause, QueryResult};
+use rustc_middle::traits::solve::{
+    CanonicalInput, CanonicalResponse, Certainty, MaybeCause, PredefinedOpaques,
+    PredefinedOpaquesData, QueryResult,
+};
+use rustc_middle::traits::DefiningAnchor;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{
     self, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeFoldable, TypeSuperVisitable, TypeVisitable, TypeVisitableExt,
     TypeVisitor,
@@ -44,6 +48,9 @@ pub struct EvalCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
     infcx: &'a InferCtxt<'tcx>,
 
     pub(super) var_values: CanonicalVarValues<'tcx>,
+
+    predefined_opaques_in_body: PredefinedOpaques<'tcx>,
+
     /// The highest universe index nameable by the caller.
     ///
     /// When we enter a new binder inside of the query we create new universes
@@ -126,6 +133,11 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtEvalExt<'tcx> for InferCtxt<'tcx> {
         let mut ecx = EvalCtxt {
             search_graph: &mut search_graph,
             infcx: self,
+            // Only relevant when canonicalizing the response,
+            // which we don't do within this evaluation context.
+            predefined_opaques_in_body: self
+                .tcx
+                .mk_predefined_opaques_in_body(PredefinedOpaquesData::default()),
             // Only relevant when canonicalizing the response.
             max_input_universe: ty::UniverseIndex::ROOT,
             var_values: CanonicalVarValues::dummy(),
@@ -162,29 +174,53 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> EvalCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
     fn evaluate_canonical_goal(
         tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
         search_graph: &'a mut search_graph::SearchGraph<'tcx>,
-        canonical_goal: CanonicalGoal<'tcx>,
+        canonical_input: CanonicalInput<'tcx>,
     ) -> QueryResult<'tcx> {
         // Deal with overflow, caching, and coinduction.
         //
         // The actual solver logic happens in `ecx.compute_goal`.
-        search_graph.with_new_goal(tcx, canonical_goal, |search_graph| {
+        search_graph.with_new_goal(tcx, canonical_input, |search_graph| {
             let intercrate = match search_graph.solver_mode() {
                 SolverMode::Normal => false,
                 SolverMode::Coherence => true,
             };
-            let (ref infcx, goal, var_values) = tcx
+            let (ref infcx, input, var_values) = tcx
                 .infer_ctxt()
                 .intercrate(intercrate)
-                .build_with_canonical(DUMMY_SP, &canonical_goal);
+                .with_opaque_type_inference(canonical_input.value.anchor)
+                .build_with_canonical(DUMMY_SP, &canonical_input);
+
+            for &(a, b) in &input.predefined_opaques_in_body.opaque_types {
+                let InferOk { value: (), obligations } = infcx
+                    .register_hidden_type_in_new_solver(a, input.goal.param_env, b)
+                    .expect("expected opaque type instantiation to succeed");
+                // We're only registering opaques already defined by the caller,
+                // so we're not responsible for proving that they satisfy their
+                // item bounds, unless we use them in a normalizes-to goal,
+                // which is handled in `EvalCtxt::unify_existing_opaque_tys`.
+                let _ = obligations;
+            }
             let mut ecx = EvalCtxt {
                 infcx,
                 var_values,
-                max_input_universe: canonical_goal.max_universe,
+                predefined_opaques_in_body: input.predefined_opaques_in_body,
+                max_input_universe: canonical_input.max_universe,
                 search_graph,
                 nested_goals: NestedGoals::new(),
                 tainted: Ok(()),
             };
-            ecx.compute_goal(goal)
+
+            let result = ecx.compute_goal(input.goal);
+
+            // When creating a query response we clone the opaque type constraints
+            // instead of taking them. This would cause an ICE here, since we have
+            // assertions against dropping an `InferCtxt` without taking opaques.
+            // FIXME: Once we remove support for the old impl we can remove this.
+            if input.anchor != DefiningAnchor::Error {
+                let _ = infcx.take_opaque_types();
+            }
+
+            result
         })
     }
 
@@ -199,7 +235,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> EvalCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         let canonical_response =
             EvalCtxt::evaluate_canonical_goal(self.tcx(), self.search_graph, canonical_goal)?;
 
-        let has_changed = !canonical_response.value.var_values.is_identity();
+        let has_changed = !canonical_response.value.var_values.is_identity()
+            || !canonical_response.value.external_constraints.opaque_types.is_empty();
         let (certainty, nested_goals) = self.instantiate_and_apply_query_response(
             goal.param_env,
             orig_values,
@@ -418,6 +455,7 @@ impl<'tcx> EvalCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
         let mut ecx = EvalCtxt {
             infcx: self.infcx,
             var_values: self.var_values,
+            predefined_opaques_in_body: self.predefined_opaques_in_body,
             max_input_universe: self.max_input_universe,
             search_graph: self.search_graph,
             nested_goals: self.nested_goals.clone(),
@@ -682,4 +720,56 @@ impl<'tcx> EvalCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
             | rustc_transmute::Answer::IfAny(_) => Err(NoSolution),
         }
     }
+
+    pub(super) fn can_define_opaque_ty(&mut self, def_id: LocalDefId) -> bool {
+        self.infcx.opaque_type_origin(def_id).is_some()
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn register_opaque_ty(
+        &mut self,
+        a: ty::OpaqueTypeKey<'tcx>,
+        b: Ty<'tcx>,
+        param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
+    ) -> Result<(), NoSolution> {
+        let InferOk { value: (), obligations } =
+            self.infcx.register_hidden_type_in_new_solver(a, param_env, b)?;
+        self.add_goals(obligations.into_iter().map(|obligation| obligation.into()));
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    // Do something for each opaque/hidden pair defined with `def_id` in the
+    // current inference context.
+    pub(super) fn unify_existing_opaque_tys(
+        &mut self,
+        param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
+        key: ty::OpaqueTypeKey<'tcx>,
+        ty: Ty<'tcx>,
+    ) -> Vec<CanonicalResponse<'tcx>> {
+        // FIXME: Super inefficient to be cloning this...
+        let opaques = self.infcx.clone_opaque_types_for_query_response();
+
+        let mut values = vec![];
+        for (candidate_key, candidate_ty) in opaques {
+            if candidate_key.def_id != key.def_id {
+                continue;
+            }
+            values.extend(self.probe(|ecx| {
+                for (a, b) in std::iter::zip(candidate_key.substs, key.substs) {
+                    ecx.eq(param_env, a, b)?;
+                }
+                ecx.eq(param_env, candidate_ty, ty)?;
+                let mut obl = vec![];
+                ecx.infcx.add_item_bounds_for_hidden_type(
+                    candidate_key,
+                    ObligationCause::dummy(),
+                    param_env,
+                    candidate_ty,
+                    &mut obl,
+                );
+                ecx.add_goals(obl.into_iter().map(Into::into));
+                ecx.evaluate_added_goals_and_make_canonical_response(Certainty::Yes)
+            }));
+        }
+        values
+    }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/eval_ctxt/canonical.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/eval_ctxt/canonical.rs
index 67ad7fb4bd2..bca2343e424 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/eval_ctxt/canonical.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/eval_ctxt/canonical.rs
@@ -8,16 +8,19 @@
 /// section of the [rustc-dev-guide][c].
 ///
 /// [c]: https://rustc-dev-guide.rust-lang.org/solve/canonicalization.html
-use super::{CanonicalGoal, Certainty, EvalCtxt, Goal};
+use super::{CanonicalInput, Certainty, EvalCtxt, Goal};
 use crate::solve::canonicalize::{CanonicalizeMode, Canonicalizer};
 use crate::solve::{CanonicalResponse, QueryResult, Response};
 use rustc_index::IndexVec;
 use rustc_infer::infer::canonical::query_response::make_query_region_constraints;
 use rustc_infer::infer::canonical::CanonicalVarValues;
 use rustc_infer::infer::canonical::{CanonicalExt, QueryRegionConstraints};
+use rustc_infer::infer::InferOk;
 use rustc_middle::traits::query::NoSolution;
-use rustc_middle::traits::solve::{ExternalConstraints, ExternalConstraintsData, MaybeCause};
-use rustc_middle::ty::{self, BoundVar, GenericArgKind};
+use rustc_middle::traits::solve::{
+    ExternalConstraints, ExternalConstraintsData, MaybeCause, PredefinedOpaquesData, QueryInput,
+};
+use rustc_middle::ty::{self, BoundVar, GenericArgKind, Ty};
 use rustc_span::DUMMY_SP;
 use std::iter;
 use std::ops::Deref;
@@ -28,13 +31,21 @@ impl<'tcx> EvalCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
     pub(super) fn canonicalize_goal(
         &self,
         goal: Goal<'tcx, ty::Predicate<'tcx>>,
-    ) -> (Vec<ty::GenericArg<'tcx>>, CanonicalGoal<'tcx>) {
+    ) -> (Vec<ty::GenericArg<'tcx>>, CanonicalInput<'tcx>) {
         let mut orig_values = Default::default();
         let canonical_goal = Canonicalizer::canonicalize(
             self.infcx,
             CanonicalizeMode::Input,
             &mut orig_values,
-            goal,
+            QueryInput {
+                goal,
+                anchor: self.infcx.defining_use_anchor,
+                predefined_opaques_in_body: self.tcx().mk_predefined_opaques_in_body(
+                    PredefinedOpaquesData {
+                        opaque_types: self.infcx.clone_opaque_types_for_query_response(),
+                    },
+                ),
+            },
         );
         (orig_values, canonical_goal)
     }
@@ -126,6 +137,13 @@ impl<'tcx> EvalCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
 
     #[instrument(level = "debug", skip(self), ret)]
     fn compute_external_query_constraints(&self) -> Result<ExternalConstraints<'tcx>, NoSolution> {
+        // We only check for leaks from universes which were entered inside
+        // of the query.
+        self.infcx.leak_check(self.max_input_universe, None).map_err(|e| {
+            debug!(?e, "failed the leak check");
+            NoSolution
+        })?;
+
         // Cannot use `take_registered_region_obligations` as we may compute the response
         // inside of a `probe` whenever we have multiple choices inside of the solver.
         let region_obligations = self.infcx.inner.borrow().region_obligations().to_owned();
@@ -138,7 +156,13 @@ impl<'tcx> EvalCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                 region_constraints,
             )
         });
-        let opaque_types = self.infcx.clone_opaque_types_for_query_response();
+
+        let mut opaque_types = self.infcx.clone_opaque_types_for_query_response();
+        // Only return opaque type keys for newly-defined opaques
+        opaque_types.retain(|(a, _)| {
+            self.predefined_opaques_in_body.opaque_types.iter().all(|(pa, _)| pa != a)
+        });
+
         Ok(self
             .tcx()
             .mk_external_constraints(ExternalConstraintsData { region_constraints, opaque_types }))
@@ -164,10 +188,10 @@ impl<'tcx> EvalCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
 
         let nested_goals = self.unify_query_var_values(param_env, &original_values, var_values)?;
 
-        // FIXME: implement external constraints.
-        let ExternalConstraintsData { region_constraints, opaque_types: _ } =
+        let ExternalConstraintsData { region_constraints, opaque_types } =
             external_constraints.deref();
         self.register_region_constraints(region_constraints);
+        self.register_opaque_types(param_env, opaque_types)?;
 
         Ok((certainty, nested_goals))
     }
@@ -287,4 +311,19 @@ impl<'tcx> EvalCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
             let _ = member_constraint;
         }
     }
+
+    fn register_opaque_types(
+        &mut self,
+        param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
+        opaque_types: &[(ty::OpaqueTypeKey<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>)],
+    ) -> Result<(), NoSolution> {
+        for &(a, b) in opaque_types {
+            let InferOk { value: (), obligations } =
+                self.infcx.register_hidden_type_in_new_solver(a, param_env, b)?;
+            // It's sound to drop these obligations, since the normalizes-to goal
+            // is responsible for proving these obligations.
+            let _ = obligations;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/fulfill.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/fulfill.rs
index 32bd10f0beb..4a403196c7e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/fulfill.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/fulfill.rs
@@ -133,12 +133,14 @@ impl<'tcx> TraitEngine<'tcx> for FulfillmentCtxt<'tcx> {
                                 | ty::PredicateKind::ObjectSafe(_)
                                 | ty::PredicateKind::ClosureKind(_, _, _)
                                 | ty::PredicateKind::ConstEvaluatable(_)
-                                | ty::PredicateKind::TypeWellFormedFromEnv(_)
                                 | ty::PredicateKind::Ambiguous => {
                                     FulfillmentErrorCode::CodeSelectionError(
                                         SelectionError::Unimplemented,
                                     )
                                 }
+                                ty::PredicateKind::TypeWellFormedFromEnv(_) => {
+                                    bug!("unexpected goal: {goal:?}")
+                                }
                             },
                             root_obligation: obligation,
                         });
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/mod.rs
index d94679fef28..56a254d9c07 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/mod.rs
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ mod assembly;
 mod canonicalize;
 mod eval_ctxt;
 mod fulfill;
+mod opaques;
 mod project_goals;
 mod search_graph;
 mod trait_goals;
@@ -212,7 +213,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> EvalCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             );
         }
 
-        match (lhs.to_projection_term(tcx), rhs.to_projection_term(tcx)) {
+        match (lhs.to_alias_ty(tcx), rhs.to_alias_ty(tcx)) {
             (None, None) => bug!("`AliasRelate` goal without an alias on either lhs or rhs"),
 
             // RHS is not a projection, only way this is true is if LHS normalizes-to RHS
@@ -230,44 +231,60 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> EvalCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
 
                 let mut candidates = Vec::new();
                 // LHS normalizes-to RHS
-                candidates.extend(
-                    evaluate_normalizes_to(self, alias_lhs, rhs, direction, Invert::No).ok(),
-                );
+                candidates.extend(evaluate_normalizes_to(
+                    self,
+                    alias_lhs,
+                    rhs,
+                    direction,
+                    Invert::No,
+                ));
                 // RHS normalizes-to RHS
-                candidates.extend(
-                    evaluate_normalizes_to(self, alias_rhs, lhs, direction, Invert::Yes).ok(),
-                );
+                candidates.extend(evaluate_normalizes_to(
+                    self,
+                    alias_rhs,
+                    lhs,
+                    direction,
+                    Invert::Yes,
+                ));
                 // Relate via substs
-                candidates.extend(
-                    self.probe(|ecx| {
-                        let span = tracing::span!(
-                            tracing::Level::DEBUG,
-                            "compute_alias_relate_goal(relate_via_substs)",
-                            ?alias_lhs,
-                            ?alias_rhs,
-                            ?direction
-                        );
-                        let _enter = span.enter();
-
-                        match direction {
-                            ty::AliasRelationDirection::Equate => {
-                                ecx.eq(goal.param_env, alias_lhs, alias_rhs)?;
-                            }
-                            ty::AliasRelationDirection::Subtype => {
-                                ecx.sub(goal.param_env, alias_lhs, alias_rhs)?;
-                            }
+                let subst_relate_response = self.probe(|ecx| {
+                    let span = tracing::span!(
+                        tracing::Level::DEBUG,
+                        "compute_alias_relate_goal(relate_via_substs)",
+                        ?alias_lhs,
+                        ?alias_rhs,
+                        ?direction
+                    );
+                    let _enter = span.enter();
+
+                    match direction {
+                        ty::AliasRelationDirection::Equate => {
+                            ecx.eq(goal.param_env, alias_lhs, alias_rhs)?;
+                        }
+                        ty::AliasRelationDirection::Subtype => {
+                            ecx.sub(goal.param_env, alias_lhs, alias_rhs)?;
                         }
+                    }
 
-                        ecx.evaluate_added_goals_and_make_canonical_response(Certainty::Yes)
-                    })
-                    .ok(),
-                );
+                    ecx.evaluate_added_goals_and_make_canonical_response(Certainty::Yes)
+                });
+                candidates.extend(subst_relate_response);
                 debug!(?candidates);
 
                 if let Some(merged) = self.try_merge_responses(&candidates) {
                     Ok(merged)
                 } else {
-                    self.flounder(&candidates)
+                    // When relating two aliases and we have ambiguity, we prefer
+                    // relating the generic arguments of the aliases over normalizing
+                    // them. This is necessary for inference during typeck.
+                    //
+                    // As this is incomplete, we must not do so during coherence.
+                    match (self.solver_mode(), subst_relate_response) {
+                        (SolverMode::Normal, Ok(response)) => Ok(response),
+                        (SolverMode::Normal, Err(NoSolution)) | (SolverMode::Coherence, _) => {
+                            self.flounder(&candidates)
+                        }
+                    }
                 }
             }
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/opaques.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/opaques.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a5de4ddee82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/opaques.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+use rustc_middle::traits::query::NoSolution;
+use rustc_middle::traits::solve::{Certainty, Goal, QueryResult};
+use rustc_middle::traits::Reveal;
+use rustc_middle::ty;
+use rustc_middle::ty::util::NotUniqueParam;
+
+use super::{EvalCtxt, SolverMode};
+
+impl<'tcx> EvalCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
+    pub(super) fn normalize_opaque_type(
+        &mut self,
+        goal: Goal<'tcx, ty::ProjectionPredicate<'tcx>>,
+    ) -> QueryResult<'tcx> {
+        let tcx = self.tcx();
+        let opaque_ty = goal.predicate.projection_ty;
+        let expected = goal.predicate.term.ty().expect("no such thing as an opaque const");
+
+        match (goal.param_env.reveal(), self.solver_mode()) {
+            (Reveal::UserFacing, SolverMode::Normal) => {
+                let Some(opaque_ty_def_id) = opaque_ty.def_id.as_local() else {
+                    return Err(NoSolution);
+                };
+                let opaque_ty =
+                    ty::OpaqueTypeKey { def_id: opaque_ty_def_id, substs: opaque_ty.substs };
+                // FIXME: at some point we should call queries without defining
+                // new opaque types but having the existing opaque type definitions.
+                // This will require moving this below "Prefer opaques registered already".
+                if !self.can_define_opaque_ty(opaque_ty_def_id) {
+                    return Err(NoSolution);
+                }
+                // FIXME: This may have issues when the substs contain aliases...
+                match self.tcx().uses_unique_placeholders_ignoring_regions(opaque_ty.substs) {
+                    Err(NotUniqueParam::NotParam(param)) if param.is_non_region_infer() => {
+                        return self.evaluate_added_goals_and_make_canonical_response(
+                            Certainty::AMBIGUOUS,
+                        );
+                    }
+                    Err(_) => {
+                        return Err(NoSolution);
+                    }
+                    Ok(()) => {}
+                }
+                // Prefer opaques registered already.
+                let matches = self.unify_existing_opaque_tys(goal.param_env, opaque_ty, expected);
+                if !matches.is_empty() {
+                    if let Some(response) = self.try_merge_responses(&matches) {
+                        return Ok(response);
+                    } else {
+                        return self.flounder(&matches);
+                    }
+                }
+                // Otherwise, define a new opaque type
+                self.register_opaque_ty(opaque_ty, expected, goal.param_env)?;
+                self.evaluate_added_goals_and_make_canonical_response(Certainty::Yes)
+            }
+            (Reveal::UserFacing, SolverMode::Coherence) => {
+                self.evaluate_added_goals_and_make_canonical_response(Certainty::AMBIGUOUS)
+            }
+            (Reveal::All, _) => {
+                // FIXME: Add an assertion that opaque type storage is empty.
+                let actual = tcx.type_of(opaque_ty.def_id).subst(tcx, opaque_ty.substs);
+                self.eq(goal.param_env, expected, actual)?;
+                self.evaluate_added_goals_and_make_canonical_response(Certainty::Yes)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/project_goals.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/project_goals.rs
index 20ce2d9416e..7d7dfa2c837 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/project_goals.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/project_goals.rs
@@ -22,19 +22,25 @@ impl<'tcx> EvalCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
         &mut self,
         goal: Goal<'tcx, ProjectionPredicate<'tcx>>,
     ) -> QueryResult<'tcx> {
-        // To only compute normalization once for each projection we only
-        // normalize if the expected term is an unconstrained inference variable.
-        //
-        // E.g. for `<T as Trait>::Assoc == u32` we recursively compute the goal
-        // `exists<U> <T as Trait>::Assoc == U` and then take the resulting type for
-        // `U` and equate it with `u32`. This means that we don't need a separate
-        // projection cache in the solver.
-        if self.term_is_fully_unconstrained(goal) {
-            let candidates = self.assemble_and_evaluate_candidates(goal);
-            self.merge_candidates(candidates)
-        } else {
-            self.set_normalizes_to_hack_goal(goal);
-            self.evaluate_added_goals_and_make_canonical_response(Certainty::Yes)
+        match goal.predicate.projection_ty.kind(self.tcx()) {
+            ty::AliasKind::Projection => {
+                // To only compute normalization once for each projection we only
+                // normalize if the expected term is an unconstrained inference variable.
+                //
+                // E.g. for `<T as Trait>::Assoc == u32` we recursively compute the goal
+                // `exists<U> <T as Trait>::Assoc == U` and then take the resulting type for
+                // `U` and equate it with `u32`. This means that we don't need a separate
+                // projection cache in the solver.
+                if self.term_is_fully_unconstrained(goal) {
+                    let candidates = self.assemble_and_evaluate_candidates(goal);
+                    self.merge_candidates(candidates)
+                } else {
+                    self.set_normalizes_to_hack_goal(goal);
+                    self.evaluate_added_goals_and_make_canonical_response(Certainty::Yes)
+                }
+            }
+            ty::AliasKind::Opaque => self.normalize_opaque_type(goal),
+            ty::AliasKind::Inherent => bug!("IATs not supported here yet"),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -124,10 +130,24 @@ impl<'tcx> assembly::GoalKind<'tcx> for ProjectionPredicate<'tcx> {
             };
 
             if !assoc_def.item.defaultness(tcx).has_value() {
-                tcx.sess.delay_span_bug(
+                let guar = tcx.sess.delay_span_bug(
                     tcx.def_span(assoc_def.item.def_id),
                     "missing value for assoc item in impl",
                 );
+                let error_term = match assoc_def.item.kind {
+                    ty::AssocKind::Const => tcx
+                        .const_error(
+                            tcx.type_of(goal.predicate.def_id())
+                                .subst(tcx, goal.predicate.projection_ty.substs),
+                            guar,
+                        )
+                        .into(),
+                    ty::AssocKind::Type => tcx.ty_error(guar).into(),
+                    ty::AssocKind::Fn => unreachable!(),
+                };
+                ecx.eq(goal.param_env, goal.predicate.term, error_term)
+                    .expect("expected goal term to be fully unconstrained");
+                return ecx.evaluate_added_goals_and_make_canonical_response(Certainty::Yes);
             }
 
             // Getting the right substitutions here is complex, e.g. given:
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/search_graph/cache.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/search_graph/cache.rs
index e6941af7b57..56f126e9157 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/search_graph/cache.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/search_graph/cache.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 use super::StackDepth;
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashMap;
 use rustc_index::IndexVec;
-use rustc_middle::traits::solve::{CanonicalGoal, QueryResult};
+use rustc_middle::traits::solve::{CanonicalInput, QueryResult};
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
     pub struct EntryIndex {}
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ pub(super) struct ProvisionalEntry<'tcx> {
 
     // The goal for this entry. Should always be equal to the corresponding goal
     // in the lookup table.
-    pub(super) goal: CanonicalGoal<'tcx>,
+    pub(super) input: CanonicalInput<'tcx>,
 }
 
 pub(super) struct ProvisionalCache<'tcx> {
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ pub(super) struct ProvisionalCache<'tcx> {
     // FIXME: This is only used to quickly check whether a given goal
     // is in the cache. We should experiment with using something like
     // `SsoHashSet` here because in most cases there are only a few entries.
-    pub(super) lookup_table: FxHashMap<CanonicalGoal<'tcx>, EntryIndex>,
+    pub(super) lookup_table: FxHashMap<CanonicalInput<'tcx>, EntryIndex>,
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> ProvisionalCache<'tcx> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/search_graph/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/search_graph/mod.rs
index c1904352574..19e4b23009a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/search_graph/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/search_graph/mod.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use cache::ProvisionalCache;
 use overflow::OverflowData;
 use rustc_index::IndexVec;
 use rustc_middle::dep_graph::DepKind;
-use rustc_middle::traits::solve::{CanonicalGoal, Certainty, MaybeCause, QueryResult};
+use rustc_middle::traits::solve::{CanonicalInput, Certainty, MaybeCause, QueryResult};
 use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
 use std::{collections::hash_map::Entry, mem};
 
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ rustc_index::newtype_index! {
 }
 
 struct StackElem<'tcx> {
-    goal: CanonicalGoal<'tcx>,
+    input: CanonicalInput<'tcx>,
     has_been_used: bool,
 }
 
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ impl<'tcx> SearchGraph<'tcx> {
             }
 
             // ...or it depends on a goal with a lower depth.
-            let current_goal = self.stack[stack_depth].goal;
+            let current_goal = self.stack[stack_depth].input;
             let entry_index = self.provisional_cache.lookup_table[&current_goal];
             self.provisional_cache.entries[entry_index].depth != stack_depth
         } else {
@@ -92,20 +92,20 @@ impl<'tcx> SearchGraph<'tcx> {
     fn try_push_stack(
         &mut self,
         tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-        goal: CanonicalGoal<'tcx>,
+        input: CanonicalInput<'tcx>,
     ) -> Result<(), QueryResult<'tcx>> {
         // Look at the provisional cache to check for cycles.
         let cache = &mut self.provisional_cache;
-        match cache.lookup_table.entry(goal) {
+        match cache.lookup_table.entry(input) {
             // No entry, simply push this goal on the stack after dealing with overflow.
             Entry::Vacant(v) => {
                 if self.overflow_data.has_overflow(self.stack.len()) {
-                    return Err(self.deal_with_overflow(tcx, goal));
+                    return Err(self.deal_with_overflow(tcx, input));
                 }
 
-                let depth = self.stack.push(StackElem { goal, has_been_used: false });
-                let response = super::response_no_constraints(tcx, goal, Certainty::Yes);
-                let entry_index = cache.entries.push(ProvisionalEntry { response, depth, goal });
+                let depth = self.stack.push(StackElem { input, has_been_used: false });
+                let response = super::response_no_constraints(tcx, input, Certainty::Yes);
+                let entry_index = cache.entries.push(ProvisionalEntry { response, depth, input });
                 v.insert(entry_index);
                 Ok(())
             }
@@ -135,13 +135,13 @@ impl<'tcx> SearchGraph<'tcx> {
                 // the stack is enough.
                 if self.stack.raw[stack_depth.index()..]
                     .iter()
-                    .all(|g| g.goal.value.predicate.is_coinductive(tcx))
+                    .all(|g| g.input.value.goal.predicate.is_coinductive(tcx))
                 {
                     Err(cache.provisional_result(entry_index))
                 } else {
                     Err(super::response_no_constraints(
                         tcx,
-                        goal,
+                        input,
                         Certainty::Maybe(MaybeCause::Overflow),
                     ))
                 }
@@ -161,18 +161,18 @@ impl<'tcx> SearchGraph<'tcx> {
     /// updated the provisional cache and we have to recompute the current goal.
     ///
     /// FIXME: Refer to the rustc-dev-guide entry once it exists.
-    #[instrument(level = "debug", skip(self, actual_goal), ret)]
+    #[instrument(level = "debug", skip(self, actual_input), ret)]
     fn try_finalize_goal(
         &mut self,
-        actual_goal: CanonicalGoal<'tcx>,
+        actual_input: CanonicalInput<'tcx>,
         response: QueryResult<'tcx>,
     ) -> bool {
         let stack_elem = self.stack.pop().unwrap();
-        let StackElem { goal, has_been_used } = stack_elem;
-        assert_eq!(goal, actual_goal);
+        let StackElem { input, has_been_used } = stack_elem;
+        assert_eq!(input, actual_input);
 
         let cache = &mut self.provisional_cache;
-        let provisional_entry_index = *cache.lookup_table.get(&goal).unwrap();
+        let provisional_entry_index = *cache.lookup_table.get(&input).unwrap();
         let provisional_entry = &mut cache.entries[provisional_entry_index];
         // We eagerly update the response in the cache here. If we have to reevaluate
         // this goal we use the new response when hitting a cycle, and we definitely
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ impl<'tcx> SearchGraph<'tcx> {
             cache.entries.truncate(provisional_entry_index.index() + 1);
 
             // ...and finally push our goal back on the stack and reevaluate it.
-            self.stack.push(StackElem { goal, has_been_used: false });
+            self.stack.push(StackElem { input, has_been_used: false });
             false
         } else {
             true
@@ -204,17 +204,17 @@ impl<'tcx> SearchGraph<'tcx> {
     pub(super) fn with_new_goal(
         &mut self,
         tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-        canonical_goal: CanonicalGoal<'tcx>,
+        canonical_input: CanonicalInput<'tcx>,
         mut loop_body: impl FnMut(&mut Self) -> QueryResult<'tcx>,
     ) -> QueryResult<'tcx> {
         if self.should_use_global_cache() {
-            if let Some(result) = tcx.new_solver_evaluation_cache.get(&canonical_goal, tcx) {
-                debug!(?canonical_goal, ?result, "cache hit");
+            if let Some(result) = tcx.new_solver_evaluation_cache.get(&canonical_input, tcx) {
+                debug!(?canonical_input, ?result, "cache hit");
                 return result;
             }
         }
 
-        match self.try_push_stack(tcx, canonical_goal) {
+        match self.try_push_stack(tcx, canonical_input) {
             Ok(()) => {}
             // Our goal is already on the stack, eager return.
             Err(response) => return response,
@@ -226,19 +226,19 @@ impl<'tcx> SearchGraph<'tcx> {
         let (result, dep_node) = tcx.dep_graph.with_anon_task(tcx, DepKind::TraitSelect, || {
             self.repeat_while_none(
                 |this| {
-                    let result = this.deal_with_overflow(tcx, canonical_goal);
+                    let result = this.deal_with_overflow(tcx, canonical_input);
                     let _ = this.stack.pop().unwrap();
                     result
                 },
                 |this| {
                     let result = loop_body(this);
-                    this.try_finalize_goal(canonical_goal, result).then(|| result)
+                    this.try_finalize_goal(canonical_input, result).then(|| result)
                 },
             )
         });
 
         let cache = &mut self.provisional_cache;
-        let provisional_entry_index = *cache.lookup_table.get(&canonical_goal).unwrap();
+        let provisional_entry_index = *cache.lookup_table.get(&canonical_input).unwrap();
         let provisional_entry = &mut cache.entries[provisional_entry_index];
         let depth = provisional_entry.depth;
 
@@ -254,13 +254,13 @@ impl<'tcx> SearchGraph<'tcx> {
             // cycle participants without moving them to the global cache.
             let other_cycle_participants = provisional_entry_index.index() + 1;
             for (i, entry) in cache.entries.drain_enumerated(other_cycle_participants..) {
-                let actual_index = cache.lookup_table.remove(&entry.goal);
+                let actual_index = cache.lookup_table.remove(&entry.input);
                 debug_assert_eq!(Some(i), actual_index);
                 debug_assert!(entry.depth == depth);
             }
 
             let current_goal = cache.entries.pop().unwrap();
-            let actual_index = cache.lookup_table.remove(&current_goal.goal);
+            let actual_index = cache.lookup_table.remove(&current_goal.input);
             debug_assert_eq!(Some(provisional_entry_index), actual_index);
             debug_assert!(current_goal.depth == depth);
 
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ impl<'tcx> SearchGraph<'tcx> {
             let can_cache = !self.overflow_data.did_overflow() || self.stack.is_empty();
             if self.should_use_global_cache() && can_cache {
                 tcx.new_solver_evaluation_cache.insert(
-                    current_goal.goal,
+                    current_goal.input,
                     dep_node,
                     current_goal.response,
                 );
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/trait_goals.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/trait_goals.rs
index dcfa33ae842..f722f281314 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/trait_goals.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/trait_goals.rs
@@ -177,14 +177,18 @@ impl<'tcx> assembly::GoalKind<'tcx> for TraitPredicate<'tcx> {
             return Err(NoSolution);
         }
 
-        if goal.predicate.self_ty().has_non_region_infer() {
+        // The regions of a type don't affect the size of the type
+        let tcx = ecx.tcx();
+        // We should erase regions from both the param-env and type, since both
+        // may have infer regions. Specifically, after canonicalizing and instantiating,
+        // early bound regions turn into region vars in both the new and old solver.
+        let key = tcx.erase_regions(goal.param_env.and(goal.predicate.self_ty()));
+        // But if there are inference variables, we have to wait until it's resolved.
+        if key.has_non_region_infer() {
             return ecx.evaluate_added_goals_and_make_canonical_response(Certainty::AMBIGUOUS);
         }
 
-        let tcx = ecx.tcx();
-        let self_ty = tcx.erase_regions(goal.predicate.self_ty());
-
-        if let Ok(layout) = tcx.layout_of(goal.param_env.and(self_ty))
+        if let Ok(layout) = tcx.layout_of(key)
             && layout.layout.is_pointer_like(&tcx.data_layout)
         {
             // FIXME: We could make this faster by making a no-constraints response
@@ -354,7 +358,7 @@ impl<'tcx> assembly::GoalKind<'tcx> for TraitPredicate<'tcx> {
                     // Can only unsize to an object-safe type
                     if data
                         .principal_def_id()
-                        .map_or(false, |def_id| !tcx.check_is_object_safe(def_id))
+                        .is_some_and(|def_id| !tcx.check_is_object_safe(def_id))
                     {
                         return Err(NoSolution);
                     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/auto_trait.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/auto_trait.rs
index 6b080a132f3..62d2aad5277 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/auto_trait.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/auto_trait.rs
@@ -801,7 +801,7 @@ impl<'tcx> AutoTraitFinder<'tcx> {
                                             span: tcx.def_span(unevaluated.def),
                                             unevaluated: unevaluated,
                                         });
-                                    Err(ErrorHandled::Reported(reported))
+                                    Err(ErrorHandled::Reported(reported.into()))
                                 }
                                 Err(err) => Err(err),
                             }
@@ -834,8 +834,10 @@ impl<'tcx> AutoTraitFinder<'tcx> {
                 | ty::PredicateKind::Subtype(..)
                 // FIXME(generic_const_exprs): you can absolutely add this as a where clauses
                 | ty::PredicateKind::ConstEvaluatable(..)
-                | ty::PredicateKind::Coerce(..)
-                | ty::PredicateKind::TypeWellFormedFromEnv(..) => {}
+                | ty::PredicateKind::Coerce(..) => {}
+                ty::PredicateKind::TypeWellFormedFromEnv(..) => {
+                    bug!("predicate should only exist in the environment: {bound_predicate:?}")
+                }
                 ty::PredicateKind::Ambiguous => return false,
             };
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/coherence.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/coherence.rs
index 969e5fa64b0..d6fd457de06 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/coherence.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/coherence.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 //! [trait-specialization]: https://rustc-dev-guide.rust-lang.org/traits/specialization.html
 
 use crate::infer::outlives::env::OutlivesEnvironment;
-use crate::infer::{CombinedSnapshot, InferOk};
+use crate::infer::InferOk;
 use crate::traits::outlives_bounds::InferCtxtExt as _;
 use crate::traits::select::IntercrateAmbiguityCause;
 use crate::traits::util::impl_subject_and_oblig;
@@ -17,9 +17,10 @@ use crate::traits::{
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxIndexSet;
 use rustc_errors::Diagnostic;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefId, CRATE_DEF_ID, LOCAL_CRATE};
-use rustc_infer::infer::{DefineOpaqueTypes, DefiningAnchor, InferCtxt, TyCtxtInferExt};
+use rustc_infer::infer::{DefineOpaqueTypes, InferCtxt, TyCtxtInferExt};
 use rustc_infer::traits::util;
 use rustc_middle::traits::specialization_graph::OverlapMode;
+use rustc_middle::traits::DefiningAnchor;
 use rustc_middle::ty::fast_reject::{DeepRejectCtxt, TreatParams};
 use rustc_middle::ty::visit::{TypeVisitable, TypeVisitableExt};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, ImplSubject, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeVisitor};
@@ -61,6 +62,21 @@ pub fn add_placeholder_note(err: &mut Diagnostic) {
     );
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+enum TrackAmbiguityCauses {
+    Yes,
+    No,
+}
+
+impl TrackAmbiguityCauses {
+    fn is_yes(self) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            TrackAmbiguityCauses::Yes => true,
+            TrackAmbiguityCauses::No => false,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// If there are types that satisfy both impls, returns `Some`
 /// with a suitably-freshened `ImplHeader` with those types
 /// substituted. Otherwise, returns `None`.
@@ -96,29 +112,28 @@ pub fn overlapping_impls(
         return None;
     }
 
-    let infcx = tcx
-        .infer_ctxt()
-        .with_opaque_type_inference(DefiningAnchor::Bubble)
-        .intercrate(true)
-        .build();
-    let selcx = &mut SelectionContext::new(&infcx);
-    let overlaps =
-        overlap(selcx, skip_leak_check, impl1_def_id, impl2_def_id, overlap_mode).is_some();
-    if !overlaps {
-        return None;
-    }
+    let _overlap_with_bad_diagnostics = overlap(
+        tcx,
+        TrackAmbiguityCauses::No,
+        skip_leak_check,
+        impl1_def_id,
+        impl2_def_id,
+        overlap_mode,
+    )?;
 
     // In the case where we detect an error, run the check again, but
     // this time tracking intercrate ambiguity causes for better
     // diagnostics. (These take time and can lead to false errors.)
-    let infcx = tcx
-        .infer_ctxt()
-        .with_opaque_type_inference(DefiningAnchor::Bubble)
-        .intercrate(true)
-        .build();
-    let selcx = &mut SelectionContext::new(&infcx);
-    selcx.enable_tracking_intercrate_ambiguity_causes();
-    Some(overlap(selcx, skip_leak_check, impl1_def_id, impl2_def_id, overlap_mode).unwrap())
+    let overlap = overlap(
+        tcx,
+        TrackAmbiguityCauses::Yes,
+        skip_leak_check,
+        impl1_def_id,
+        impl2_def_id,
+        overlap_mode,
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+    Some(overlap)
 }
 
 fn with_fresh_ty_vars<'cx, 'tcx>(
@@ -145,40 +160,34 @@ fn with_fresh_ty_vars<'cx, 'tcx>(
 
 /// Can both impl `a` and impl `b` be satisfied by a common type (including
 /// where-clauses)? If so, returns an `ImplHeader` that unifies the two impls.
-fn overlap<'cx, 'tcx>(
-    selcx: &mut SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx>,
+#[instrument(level = "debug", skip(tcx))]
+fn overlap<'tcx>(
+    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+    track_ambiguity_causes: TrackAmbiguityCauses,
     skip_leak_check: SkipLeakCheck,
     impl1_def_id: DefId,
     impl2_def_id: DefId,
     overlap_mode: OverlapMode,
 ) -> Option<OverlapResult<'tcx>> {
-    debug!(
-        "overlap(impl1_def_id={:?}, impl2_def_id={:?}, overlap_mode={:?})",
-        impl1_def_id, impl2_def_id, overlap_mode
-    );
-
-    selcx.infcx.probe_maybe_skip_leak_check(skip_leak_check.is_yes(), |snapshot| {
-        overlap_within_probe(selcx, impl1_def_id, impl2_def_id, overlap_mode, snapshot)
-    })
-}
-
-fn overlap_within_probe<'cx, 'tcx>(
-    selcx: &mut SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx>,
-    impl1_def_id: DefId,
-    impl2_def_id: DefId,
-    overlap_mode: OverlapMode,
-    snapshot: &CombinedSnapshot<'tcx>,
-) -> Option<OverlapResult<'tcx>> {
-    let infcx = selcx.infcx;
-
     if overlap_mode.use_negative_impl() {
-        if negative_impl(infcx.tcx, impl1_def_id, impl2_def_id)
-            || negative_impl(infcx.tcx, impl2_def_id, impl1_def_id)
+        if negative_impl(tcx, impl1_def_id, impl2_def_id)
+            || negative_impl(tcx, impl2_def_id, impl1_def_id)
         {
             return None;
         }
     }
 
+    let infcx = tcx
+        .infer_ctxt()
+        .with_opaque_type_inference(DefiningAnchor::Bubble)
+        .skip_leak_check(skip_leak_check.is_yes())
+        .intercrate(true)
+        .build();
+    let selcx = &mut SelectionContext::new(&infcx);
+    if track_ambiguity_causes.is_yes() {
+        selcx.enable_tracking_intercrate_ambiguity_causes();
+    }
+
     // For the purposes of this check, we don't bring any placeholder
     // types into scope; instead, we replace the generic types with
     // fresh type variables, and hence we do our evaluations in an
@@ -197,18 +206,23 @@ fn overlap_within_probe<'cx, 'tcx>(
         }
     }
 
-    // We disable the leak when creating the `snapshot` by using
-    // `infcx.probe_maybe_disable_leak_check`.
-    if infcx.leak_check(true, snapshot).is_err() {
+    // We toggle the `leak_check` by using `skip_leak_check` when constructing the
+    // inference context, so this may be a noop.
+    if infcx.leak_check(ty::UniverseIndex::ROOT, None).is_err() {
         debug!("overlap: leak check failed");
         return None;
     }
 
     let intercrate_ambiguity_causes = selcx.take_intercrate_ambiguity_causes();
     debug!("overlap: intercrate_ambiguity_causes={:#?}", intercrate_ambiguity_causes);
-
-    let involves_placeholder =
-        matches!(selcx.infcx.region_constraints_added_in_snapshot(snapshot), Some(true));
+    let involves_placeholder = infcx
+        .inner
+        .borrow_mut()
+        .unwrap_region_constraints()
+        .data()
+        .constraints
+        .iter()
+        .any(|c| c.0.involves_placeholders());
 
     let impl_header = selcx.infcx.resolve_vars_if_possible(impl1_header);
     Some(OverlapResult { impl_header, intercrate_ambiguity_causes, involves_placeholder })
@@ -706,7 +720,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeVisitor<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for OrphanChecker<'tcx> {
             }
             ty::Dynamic(tt, ..) => {
                 let principal = tt.principal().map(|p| p.def_id());
-                if principal.map_or(false, |p| self.def_id_is_local(p)) {
+                if principal.is_some_and(|p| self.def_id_is_local(p)) {
                     ControlFlow::Break(OrphanCheckEarlyExit::LocalTy(ty))
                 } else {
                     self.found_non_local_ty(ty)
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/const_evaluatable.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/const_evaluatable.rs
index 9d99d30d45c..bd1ea43a78e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/const_evaluatable.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/const_evaluatable.rs
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ pub fn is_const_evaluatable<'tcx>(
                             "Missing value for constant, but no error reported?",
                         )))
                     }
-                    Err(ErrorHandled::Reported(e)) => Err(NotConstEvaluatable::Error(e)),
+                    Err(ErrorHandled::Reported(e)) => Err(NotConstEvaluatable::Error(e.into())),
                     Ok(_) => Ok(()),
                 }
             }
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ pub fn is_const_evaluatable<'tcx>(
 
                 Err(err)
             }
-            Err(ErrorHandled::Reported(e)) => Err(NotConstEvaluatable::Error(e)),
+            Err(ErrorHandled::Reported(e)) => Err(NotConstEvaluatable::Error(e.into())),
             Ok(_) => Ok(()),
         }
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/engine.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/engine.rs
index 000427bbe83..2c5ffd664fe 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/engine.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/engine.rs
@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ use rustc_infer::infer::canonical::{
 };
 use rustc_infer::infer::outlives::env::OutlivesEnvironment;
 use rustc_infer::infer::{DefineOpaqueTypes, InferCtxt, InferOk};
-use rustc_infer::traits::query::Fallible;
 use rustc_infer::traits::{
     FulfillmentError, Obligation, ObligationCause, PredicateObligation, TraitEngineExt as _,
 };
 use rustc_middle::arena::ArenaAllocatable;
+use rustc_middle::traits::query::NoSolution;
 use rustc_middle::ty::error::TypeError;
 use rustc_middle::ty::ToPredicate;
 use rustc_middle::ty::TypeFoldable;
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ObligationCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         &self,
         inference_vars: CanonicalVarValues<'tcx>,
         answer: T,
-    ) -> Fallible<CanonicalQueryResponse<'tcx, T>>
+    ) -> Result<CanonicalQueryResponse<'tcx, T>, NoSolution>
     where
         T: Debug + TypeFoldable<TyCtxt<'tcx>>,
         Canonical<'tcx, QueryResponse<'tcx, T>>: ArenaAllocatable<'tcx>,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs
index 98365223923..1470dc452a1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ use rustc_session::Limit;
 use rustc_span::def_id::LOCAL_CRATE;
 use rustc_span::symbol::sym;
 use rustc_span::{ExpnKind, Span, DUMMY_SP};
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::fmt;
 use std::iter;
 use std::ops::ControlFlow;
@@ -437,7 +438,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                     // 1) strictly implied by another error.
                     // 2) implied by an error with a smaller index.
                     for error2 in error_set {
-                        if error2.index.map_or(false, |index2| is_suppressed[index2]) {
+                        if error2.index.is_some_and(|index2| is_suppressed[index2]) {
                             // Avoid errors being suppressed by already-suppressed
                             // errors, to prevent all errors from being suppressed
                             // at once.
@@ -797,9 +798,17 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                             err.span_label(span, explanation);
                         }
 
-                        if let ObligationCauseCode::ObjectCastObligation(concrete_ty, obj_ty) = obligation.cause.code().peel_derives() &&
-                            Some(trait_ref.def_id()) == self.tcx.lang_items().sized_trait() {
-                            self.suggest_borrowing_for_object_cast(&mut err, &root_obligation, *concrete_ty, *obj_ty);
+                        if let ObligationCauseCode::Coercion { source, target } =
+                            *obligation.cause.code().peel_derives()
+                        {
+                            if Some(trait_ref.def_id()) == self.tcx.lang_items().sized_trait() {
+                                self.suggest_borrowing_for_object_cast(
+                                    &mut err,
+                                    &root_obligation,
+                                    source,
+                                    target,
+                                );
+                            }
                         }
 
                         let UnsatisfiedConst(unsatisfied_const) = self
@@ -877,7 +886,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                             return;
                         }
 
-                        if self.suggest_impl_trait(&mut err, span, &obligation, trait_predicate) {
+                        if self.suggest_impl_trait(&mut err, &obligation, trait_predicate) {
                             err.emit();
                             return;
                         }
@@ -1510,7 +1519,7 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                         | ObligationCauseCode::BindingObligation(_, _)
                         | ObligationCauseCode::ExprItemObligation(..)
                         | ObligationCauseCode::ExprBindingObligation(..)
-                        | ObligationCauseCode::ObjectCastObligation(..)
+                        | ObligationCauseCode::Coercion { .. }
                         | ObligationCauseCode::OpaqueType
                 );
 
@@ -1594,7 +1603,7 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                         }),
                     ) => Some((
                         ty.span,
-                        with_forced_trimmed_paths!(format!(
+                        with_forced_trimmed_paths!(Cow::from(format!(
                             "type mismatch resolving `{}`",
                             self.resolve_vars_if_possible(predicate)
                                 .print(FmtPrinter::new_with_limit(
@@ -1604,7 +1613,7 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                                 ))
                                 .unwrap()
                                 .into_buffer()
-                        )),
+                        ))),
                     )),
                     _ => None,
                 }
@@ -1767,6 +1776,7 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                     || !trait_pred
                         .skip_binder()
                         .is_constness_satisfied_by(self.tcx.constness(def_id))
+                    || !self.tcx.is_user_visible_dep(def_id.krate)
                 {
                     return None;
                 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/on_unimplemented.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/on_unimplemented.rs
index 88525e1b720..10bd027b684 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/on_unimplemented.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/on_unimplemented.rs
@@ -306,6 +306,14 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                     }
                 }
             }
+
+            // `&[{integral}]` - `FromIterator` needs that.
+            if let ty::Ref(_, ref_ty, rustc_ast::Mutability::Not) = self_ty.kind()
+                && let ty::Slice(sty) = ref_ty.kind()
+                && sty.is_integral()
+            {
+                flags.push((sym::_Self, Some("&[{integral}]".to_owned())));
+            }
         });
 
         if let Ok(Some(command)) = OnUnimplementedDirective::of_item(self.tcx, def_id) {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/suggestions.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/suggestions.rs
index 53bf38c0a34..b5b8c7fe3ac 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/suggestions.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/suggestions.rs
@@ -30,14 +30,15 @@ use rustc_middle::hir::map;
 use rustc_middle::ty::error::TypeError::{self, Sorts};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{
     self, suggest_arbitrary_trait_bound, suggest_constraining_type_param, AdtKind,
-    GeneratorDiagnosticData, GeneratorInteriorTypeCause, Infer, InferTy, InternalSubsts,
-    IsSuggestable, ToPredicate, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeAndMut, TypeFoldable, TypeFolder,
-    TypeSuperFoldable, TypeVisitableExt, TypeckResults,
+    GeneratorDiagnosticData, GeneratorInteriorTypeCause, InferTy, InternalSubsts, IsSuggestable,
+    ToPredicate, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeAndMut, TypeFoldable, TypeFolder, TypeSuperFoldable,
+    TypeVisitableExt, TypeckResults,
 };
 use rustc_span::def_id::LocalDefId;
 use rustc_span::symbol::{sym, Ident, Symbol};
 use rustc_span::{BytePos, DesugaringKind, ExpnKind, MacroKind, Span, DUMMY_SP};
 use rustc_target::spec::abi;
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::iter;
 use std::ops::Deref;
 
@@ -186,7 +187,12 @@ pub trait TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> {
         trait_pred: ty::PolyTraitPredicate<'tcx>,
     ) -> bool;
 
-    fn get_closure_name(&self, def_id: DefId, err: &mut Diagnostic, msg: &str) -> Option<Symbol>;
+    fn get_closure_name(
+        &self,
+        def_id: DefId,
+        err: &mut Diagnostic,
+        msg: Cow<'static, str>,
+    ) -> Option<Symbol>;
 
     fn suggest_fn_call(
         &self,
@@ -261,7 +267,6 @@ pub trait TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> {
     fn suggest_impl_trait(
         &self,
         err: &mut Diagnostic,
-        span: Span,
         obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
         trait_pred: ty::PolyTraitPredicate<'tcx>,
     ) -> bool;
@@ -421,7 +426,7 @@ fn suggest_restriction<'tcx>(
 ) {
     if hir_generics.where_clause_span.from_expansion()
         || hir_generics.where_clause_span.desugaring_kind().is_some()
-        || projection.map_or(false, |projection| tcx.opt_rpitit_info(projection.def_id).is_some())
+        || projection.is_some_and(|projection| tcx.opt_rpitit_info(projection.def_id).is_some())
     {
         return;
     }
@@ -858,7 +863,12 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
     /// Given a closure's `DefId`, return the given name of the closure.
     ///
     /// This doesn't account for reassignments, but it's only used for suggestions.
-    fn get_closure_name(&self, def_id: DefId, err: &mut Diagnostic, msg: &str) -> Option<Symbol> {
+    fn get_closure_name(
+        &self,
+        def_id: DefId,
+        err: &mut Diagnostic,
+        msg: Cow<'static, str>,
+    ) -> Option<Symbol> {
         let get_name = |err: &mut Diagnostic, kind: &hir::PatKind<'_>| -> Option<Symbol> {
             // Get the local name of this closure. This can be inaccurate because
             // of the possibility of reassignment, but this should be good enough.
@@ -935,17 +945,17 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
         let msg = match def_id_or_name {
             DefIdOrName::DefId(def_id) => match self.tcx.def_kind(def_id) {
                 DefKind::Ctor(CtorOf::Struct, _) => {
-                    "use parentheses to construct this tuple struct".to_string()
+                    Cow::from("use parentheses to construct this tuple struct")
                 }
                 DefKind::Ctor(CtorOf::Variant, _) => {
-                    "use parentheses to construct this tuple variant".to_string()
+                    Cow::from("use parentheses to construct this tuple variant")
                 }
-                kind => format!(
+                kind => Cow::from(format!(
                     "use parentheses to call this {}",
                     self.tcx.def_kind_descr(kind, def_id)
-                ),
+                )),
             },
-            DefIdOrName::Name(name) => format!("use parentheses to call this {name}"),
+            DefIdOrName::Name(name) => Cow::from(format!("use parentheses to call this {name}")),
         };
 
         let args = inputs
@@ -980,7 +990,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                     ..
                 })) => {
                     err.span_label(*fn_decl_span, "consider calling this closure");
-                    let Some(name) = self.get_closure_name(def_id, err, &msg) else {
+                    let Some(name) = self.get_closure_name(def_id, err, msg.clone()) else {
                         return false;
                     };
                     name.to_string()
@@ -1342,7 +1352,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                         err.note(msg);
                     } else {
                         err.message =
-                            vec![(rustc_errors::DiagnosticMessage::Str(msg), Style::NoStyle)];
+                            vec![(rustc_errors::DiagnosticMessage::from(msg), Style::NoStyle)];
                     }
                     err.span_label(
                         span,
@@ -1442,8 +1452,9 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
         err: &mut Diagnostic,
         obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
         self_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
-        object_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
+        target_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
     ) {
+        let ty::Ref(_, object_ty, hir::Mutability::Not) = target_ty.kind() else { return; };
         let ty::Dynamic(predicates, _, ty::Dyn) = object_ty.kind() else { return; };
         let self_ref_ty = self.tcx.mk_imm_ref(self.tcx.lifetimes.re_erased, self_ty);
 
@@ -1458,7 +1469,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
         err.span_suggestion(
             obligation.cause.span.shrink_to_lo(),
             format!(
-                "consider borrowing the value, since `&{self_ty}` can be coerced into `{object_ty}`"
+                "consider borrowing the value, since `&{self_ty}` can be coerced into `{target_ty}`"
             ),
             "&",
             Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
@@ -1791,215 +1802,66 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
     fn suggest_impl_trait(
         &self,
         err: &mut Diagnostic,
-        span: Span,
         obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
         trait_pred: ty::PolyTraitPredicate<'tcx>,
     ) -> bool {
-        match obligation.cause.code().peel_derives() {
-            // Only suggest `impl Trait` if the return type is unsized because it is `dyn Trait`.
-            ObligationCauseCode::SizedReturnType => {}
-            _ => return false,
-        }
-
-        let hir = self.tcx.hir();
-        let fn_hir_id = hir.local_def_id_to_hir_id(obligation.cause.body_id);
-        let node = hir.find_by_def_id(obligation.cause.body_id);
-        let Some(hir::Node::Item(hir::Item {
-            kind: hir::ItemKind::Fn(sig, _, body_id),
-            ..
-        })) = node
-        else {
+        let ObligationCauseCode::SizedReturnType = obligation.cause.code() else {
             return false;
         };
-        let body = hir.body(*body_id);
-        let trait_pred = self.resolve_vars_if_possible(trait_pred);
-        let ty = trait_pred.skip_binder().self_ty();
-        let is_object_safe = match ty.kind() {
-            ty::Dynamic(predicates, _, ty::Dyn) => {
-                // If the `dyn Trait` is not object safe, do not suggest `Box<dyn Trait>`.
-                predicates
-                    .principal_def_id()
-                    .map_or(true, |def_id| self.tcx.check_is_object_safe(def_id))
-            }
-            // We only want to suggest `impl Trait` to `dyn Trait`s.
-            // For example, `fn foo() -> str` needs to be filtered out.
-            _ => return false,
-        };
-
-        let hir::FnRetTy::Return(ret_ty) = sig.decl.output else {
-            return false;
-        };
-
-        // Use `TypeVisitor` instead of the output type directly to find the span of `ty` for
-        // cases like `fn foo() -> (dyn Trait, i32) {}`.
-        // Recursively look for `TraitObject` types and if there's only one, use that span to
-        // suggest `impl Trait`.
-
-        // Visit to make sure there's a single `return` type to suggest `impl Trait`,
-        // otherwise suggest using `Box<dyn Trait>` or an enum.
-        let mut visitor = ReturnsVisitor::default();
-        visitor.visit_body(&body);
-
-        let typeck_results = self.typeck_results.as_ref().unwrap();
-        let Some(liberated_sig) = typeck_results.liberated_fn_sigs().get(fn_hir_id).copied() else { return false; };
-
-        let ret_types = visitor
-            .returns
-            .iter()
-            .filter_map(|expr| Some((expr.span, typeck_results.node_type_opt(expr.hir_id)?)))
-            .map(|(expr_span, ty)| (expr_span, self.resolve_vars_if_possible(ty)));
-        let (last_ty, all_returns_have_same_type, only_never_return) = ret_types.clone().fold(
-            (None, true, true),
-            |(last_ty, mut same, only_never_return): (std::option::Option<Ty<'_>>, bool, bool),
-             (_, ty)| {
-                let ty = self.resolve_vars_if_possible(ty);
-                same &=
-                    !matches!(ty.kind(), ty::Error(_))
-                        && last_ty.map_or(true, |last_ty| {
-                            // FIXME: ideally we would use `can_coerce` here instead, but `typeck` comes
-                            // *after* in the dependency graph.
-                            match (ty.kind(), last_ty.kind()) {
-                                (Infer(InferTy::IntVar(_)), Infer(InferTy::IntVar(_)))
-                                | (Infer(InferTy::FloatVar(_)), Infer(InferTy::FloatVar(_)))
-                                | (Infer(InferTy::FreshIntTy(_)), Infer(InferTy::FreshIntTy(_)))
-                                | (
-                                    Infer(InferTy::FreshFloatTy(_)),
-                                    Infer(InferTy::FreshFloatTy(_)),
-                                ) => true,
-                                _ => ty == last_ty,
-                            }
-                        });
-                (Some(ty), same, only_never_return && matches!(ty.kind(), ty::Never))
-            },
-        );
-        let mut spans_and_needs_box = vec![];
-
-        match liberated_sig.output().kind() {
-            ty::Dynamic(predicates, _, ty::Dyn) => {
-                let cause = ObligationCause::misc(ret_ty.span, obligation.cause.body_id);
-                let param_env = ty::ParamEnv::empty();
-
-                if !only_never_return {
-                    for (expr_span, return_ty) in ret_types {
-                        let self_ty_satisfies_dyn_predicates = |self_ty| {
-                            predicates.iter().all(|predicate| {
-                                let pred = predicate.with_self_ty(self.tcx, self_ty);
-                                let obl = Obligation::new(self.tcx, cause.clone(), param_env, pred);
-                                self.predicate_may_hold(&obl)
-                            })
-                        };
-
-                        if let ty::Adt(def, substs) = return_ty.kind()
-                            && def.is_box()
-                            && self_ty_satisfies_dyn_predicates(substs.type_at(0))
-                        {
-                            spans_and_needs_box.push((expr_span, false));
-                        } else if self_ty_satisfies_dyn_predicates(return_ty) {
-                            spans_and_needs_box.push((expr_span, true));
-                        } else {
-                            return false;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            _ => return false,
-        };
-
-        let sm = self.tcx.sess.source_map();
-        if !ret_ty.span.overlaps(span) {
+        let ty::Dynamic(_, _, ty::Dyn) = trait_pred.self_ty().skip_binder().kind() else {
             return false;
-        }
-        let snippet = if let hir::TyKind::TraitObject(..) = ret_ty.kind {
-            if let Ok(snippet) = sm.span_to_snippet(ret_ty.span) {
-                snippet
-            } else {
-                return false;
-            }
-        } else {
-            // Substitute the type, so we can print a fixup given `type Alias = dyn Trait`
-            let name = liberated_sig.output().to_string();
-            let name =
-                name.strip_prefix('(').and_then(|name| name.strip_suffix(')')).unwrap_or(&name);
-            if !name.starts_with("dyn ") {
-                return false;
-            }
-            name.to_owned()
         };
 
         err.code(error_code!(E0746));
         err.set_primary_message("return type cannot have an unboxed trait object");
         err.children.clear();
-        let impl_trait_msg = "for information on `impl Trait`, see \
-            <https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch10-02-traits.html\
-            #returning-types-that-implement-traits>";
-        let trait_obj_msg = "for information on trait objects, see \
-            <https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch17-02-trait-objects.html\
-            #using-trait-objects-that-allow-for-values-of-different-types>";
-
-        let has_dyn = snippet.split_whitespace().next().map_or(false, |s| s == "dyn");
-        let trait_obj = if has_dyn { &snippet[4..] } else { &snippet };
-        if only_never_return {
-            // No return paths, probably using `panic!()` or similar.
-            // Suggest `-> impl Trait`, and if `Trait` is object safe, `-> Box<dyn Trait>`.
-            suggest_trait_object_return_type_alternatives(
-                err,
-                ret_ty.span,
-                trait_obj,
-                is_object_safe,
-            );
-        } else if let (Some(last_ty), true) = (last_ty, all_returns_have_same_type) {
-            // Suggest `-> impl Trait`.
+
+        let span = obligation.cause.span;
+        if let Ok(snip) = self.tcx.sess.source_map().span_to_snippet(span)
+            && snip.starts_with("dyn ")
+        {
             err.span_suggestion(
-                ret_ty.span,
-                format!(
-                    "use `impl {1}` as the return type, as all return paths are of type `{}`, \
-                     which implements `{1}`",
-                    last_ty, trait_obj,
-                ),
-                format!("impl {}", trait_obj),
-                Applicability::MachineApplicable,
+                span.with_hi(span.lo() + BytePos(4)),
+                "return an `impl Trait` instead of a `dyn Trait`, \
+                if all returned values are the same type",
+                "impl ",
+                Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
             );
-            err.note(impl_trait_msg);
-        } else {
-            if is_object_safe {
-                // Suggest `-> Box<dyn Trait>` and `Box::new(returned_value)`.
-                err.multipart_suggestion(
-                    "return a boxed trait object instead",
-                    vec![
-                        (ret_ty.span.shrink_to_lo(), "Box<".to_string()),
-                        (span.shrink_to_hi(), ">".to_string()),
-                    ],
-                    Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
-                );
-                for (span, needs_box) in spans_and_needs_box {
-                    if needs_box {
-                        err.multipart_suggestion(
-                            "... and box this value",
-                            vec![
-                                (span.shrink_to_lo(), "Box::new(".to_string()),
-                                (span.shrink_to_hi(), ")".to_string()),
-                            ],
-                            Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
-                        );
-                    }
-                }
+        }
+
+        let body = self.tcx.hir().body(self.tcx.hir().body_owned_by(obligation.cause.body_id));
+
+        let mut visitor = ReturnsVisitor::default();
+        visitor.visit_body(&body);
+
+        let mut sugg =
+            vec![(span.shrink_to_lo(), "Box<".to_string()), (span.shrink_to_hi(), ">".to_string())];
+        sugg.extend(visitor.returns.into_iter().flat_map(|expr| {
+            let span = expr.span.find_ancestor_in_same_ctxt(obligation.cause.span).unwrap_or(expr.span);
+            if !span.can_be_used_for_suggestions() {
+                vec![]
+            } else if let hir::ExprKind::Call(path, ..) = expr.kind
+                && let hir::ExprKind::Path(hir::QPath::TypeRelative(ty, method)) = path.kind
+                && method.ident.name == sym::new
+                && let hir::TyKind::Path(hir::QPath::Resolved(.., box_path)) = ty.kind
+                && box_path.res.opt_def_id().is_some_and(|def_id| Some(def_id) == self.tcx.lang_items().owned_box())
+            {
+                // Don't box `Box::new`
+                vec![]
             } else {
-                // This is currently not possible to trigger because E0038 takes precedence, but
-                // leave it in for completeness in case anything changes in an earlier stage.
-                err.note(format!(
-                    "if trait `{}` were object-safe, you could return a trait object",
-                    trait_obj,
-                ));
+                vec![
+                    (span.shrink_to_lo(), "Box::new(".to_string()),
+                    (span.shrink_to_hi(), ")".to_string()),
+                ]
             }
-            err.note(trait_obj_msg);
-            err.note(format!(
-                "if all the returned values were of the same type you could use `impl {}` as the \
-                 return type",
-                trait_obj,
-            ));
-            err.note(impl_trait_msg);
-            err.note("you can create a new `enum` with a variant for each returned type");
-        }
+        }));
+
+        err.multipart_suggestion(
+            "box the return type, and wrap all of the returned values in `Box::new`",
+            sugg,
+            Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
+        );
+
         true
     }
 
@@ -2446,10 +2308,9 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
             && generator_did.is_local()
             // Try to avoid cycles.
             && !generator_within_in_progress_typeck
+            && let Some(generator_info) = self.tcx.mir_generator_witnesses(generator_did)
         {
-            let generator_info = &self.tcx.mir_generator_witnesses(generator_did);
             debug!(?generator_info);
-
             'find_source: for (variant, source_info) in
                 generator_info.variant_fields.iter().zip(&generator_info.variant_source_info)
             {
@@ -2851,30 +2712,27 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                     err.span_note(tcx.def_span(item_def_id), descr);
                 }
             }
-            ObligationCauseCode::ObjectCastObligation(concrete_ty, object_ty) => {
-                let (concrete_ty, concrete_file) =
-                    self.tcx.short_ty_string(self.resolve_vars_if_possible(concrete_ty));
-                let (object_ty, object_file) =
-                    self.tcx.short_ty_string(self.resolve_vars_if_possible(object_ty));
+            ObligationCauseCode::Coercion { source, target } => {
+                let (source, source_file) =
+                    self.tcx.short_ty_string(self.resolve_vars_if_possible(source));
+                let (target, target_file) =
+                    self.tcx.short_ty_string(self.resolve_vars_if_possible(target));
                 err.note(with_forced_trimmed_paths!(format!(
-                    "required for the cast from `{concrete_ty}` to the object type `{object_ty}`",
+                    "required for the cast from `{source}` to `{target}`",
                 )));
-                if let Some(file) = concrete_file {
+                if let Some(file) = source_file {
                     err.note(format!(
-                        "the full name for the casted type has been written to '{}'",
+                        "the full name for the source type has been written to '{}'",
                         file.display(),
                     ));
                 }
-                if let Some(file) = object_file {
+                if let Some(file) = target_file {
                     err.note(format!(
-                        "the full name for the object type has been written to '{}'",
+                        "the full name for the target type has been written to '{}'",
                         file.display(),
                     ));
                 }
             }
-            ObligationCauseCode::Coercion { source: _, target } => {
-                err.note(format!("required by cast to type `{}`", self.ty_to_string(target)));
-            }
             ObligationCauseCode::RepeatElementCopy { is_const_fn } => {
                 err.note(
                     "the `Copy` trait is required because this value will be copied for each element of the array",
@@ -3089,7 +2947,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                                     "note_obligation_cause_code: check for async fn"
                                 );
                                 if is_future
-                                    && obligated_types.last().map_or(false, |ty| match ty.kind() {
+                                    && obligated_types.last().is_some_and(|ty| match ty.kind() {
                                         ty::Generator(last_def_id, ..) => {
                                             tcx.generator_is_async(*last_def_id)
                                         }
@@ -3111,7 +2969,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                                 for ty in bound_tys.skip_binder() {
                                     with_forced_trimmed_paths!(write!(msg, "`{}`, ", ty).unwrap());
                                 }
-                                err.note(msg.trim_end_matches(", "))
+                                err.note(msg.trim_end_matches(", ").to_string())
                             }
                             ty::GeneratorWitnessMIR(def_id, substs) => {
                                 use std::fmt::Write;
@@ -3125,7 +2983,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                                     let ty = bty.subst(tcx, substs);
                                     write!(msg, "`{}`, ", ty).unwrap();
                                 }
-                                err.note(msg.trim_end_matches(", "))
+                                err.note(msg.trim_end_matches(", ").to_string())
                             }
                             ty::Generator(def_id, _, _) => {
                                 let sp = self.tcx.def_span(def_id);
@@ -4142,37 +4000,6 @@ impl NextTypeParamName for &[hir::GenericParam<'_>] {
     }
 }
 
-fn suggest_trait_object_return_type_alternatives(
-    err: &mut Diagnostic,
-    ret_ty: Span,
-    trait_obj: &str,
-    is_object_safe: bool,
-) {
-    err.span_suggestion(
-        ret_ty,
-        format!(
-            "use `impl {}` as the return type if all return paths have the same type but you \
-                want to expose only the trait in the signature",
-            trait_obj,
-        ),
-        format!("impl {}", trait_obj),
-        Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
-    );
-    if is_object_safe {
-        err.multipart_suggestion(
-            format!(
-                "use a boxed trait object if all return paths implement trait `{}`",
-                trait_obj,
-            ),
-            vec![
-                (ret_ty.shrink_to_lo(), "Box<".to_string()),
-                (ret_ty.shrink_to_hi(), ">".to_string()),
-            ],
-            Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
-        );
-    }
-}
-
 /// Collect the spans that we see the generic param `param_did`
 struct ReplaceImplTraitVisitor<'a> {
     ty_spans: &'a mut Vec<Span>,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/fulfill.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/fulfill.rs
index 43196d1e629..88d2091de0f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/fulfill.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/fulfill.rs
@@ -116,6 +116,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FulfillmentContext<'tcx> {
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> TraitEngine<'tcx> for FulfillmentContext<'tcx> {
+    #[inline]
     fn register_predicate_obligation(
         &mut self,
         infcx: &InferCtxt<'tcx>,
@@ -615,7 +616,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ObligationProcessor for FulfillProcessor<'a, 'tcx> {
                         (Err(ErrorHandled::Reported(reported)), _)
                         | (_, Err(ErrorHandled::Reported(reported))) => ProcessResult::Error(
                             CodeSelectionError(SelectionError::NotConstEvaluatable(
-                                NotConstEvaluatable::Error(reported),
+                                NotConstEvaluatable::Error(reported.into()),
                             )),
                         ),
                         (Err(ErrorHandled::TooGeneric), _) | (_, Err(ErrorHandled::TooGeneric)) => {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/mod.rs
index 38daca5377a..f7389bda159 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/mod.rs
@@ -14,9 +14,12 @@ mod object_safety;
 pub mod outlives_bounds;
 mod project;
 pub mod query;
+#[cfg_attr(not(bootstrap), allow(hidden_glob_reexports))]
 mod select;
 mod specialize;
 mod structural_match;
+mod structural_normalize;
+#[cfg_attr(not(bootstrap), allow(hidden_glob_reexports))]
 mod util;
 mod vtable;
 pub mod wf;
@@ -26,9 +29,10 @@ use crate::infer::{InferCtxt, TyCtxtInferExt};
 use crate::traits::error_reporting::TypeErrCtxtExt as _;
 use crate::traits::query::evaluate_obligation::InferCtxtExt as _;
 use rustc_errors::ErrorGuaranteed;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::fold::TypeFoldable;
 use rustc_middle::ty::visit::{TypeVisitable, TypeVisitableExt};
-use rustc_middle::ty::{self, ToPredicate, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeSuperVisitable};
+use rustc_middle::ty::{self, ToPredicate, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeFolder, TypeSuperVisitable};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{InternalSubsts, SubstsRef};
 use rustc_span::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc_span::Span;
@@ -61,6 +65,7 @@ pub use self::specialize::{
 pub use self::structural_match::{
     search_for_adt_const_param_violation, search_for_structural_match_violation,
 };
+pub use self::structural_normalize::StructurallyNormalizeExt;
 pub use self::util::elaborate;
 pub use self::util::{expand_trait_aliases, TraitAliasExpander};
 pub use self::util::{get_vtable_index_of_object_method, impl_item_is_final, upcast_choices};
@@ -142,35 +147,36 @@ pub fn type_known_to_meet_bound_modulo_regions<'tcx>(
 fn pred_known_to_hold_modulo_regions<'tcx>(
     infcx: &InferCtxt<'tcx>,
     param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
-    pred: impl ToPredicate<'tcx> + TypeVisitable<TyCtxt<'tcx>>,
+    pred: impl ToPredicate<'tcx>,
 ) -> bool {
-    let has_non_region_infer = pred.has_non_region_infer();
     let obligation = Obligation::new(infcx.tcx, ObligationCause::dummy(), param_env, pred);
 
     let result = infcx.evaluate_obligation_no_overflow(&obligation);
     debug!(?result);
 
-    if result.must_apply_modulo_regions() && !has_non_region_infer {
+    if result.must_apply_modulo_regions() {
         true
     } else if result.may_apply() {
-        // Because of inference "guessing", selection can sometimes claim
-        // to succeed while the success requires a guess. To ensure
-        // this function's result remains infallible, we must confirm
-        // that guess. While imperfect, I believe this is sound.
-
-        // The handling of regions in this area of the code is terrible,
-        // see issue #29149. We should be able to improve on this with
-        // NLL.
-        let ocx = ObligationCtxt::new(infcx);
-        ocx.register_obligation(obligation);
-        let errors = ocx.select_all_or_error();
-        match errors.as_slice() {
-            [] => true,
-            errors => {
-                debug!(?errors);
-                false
+        // Sometimes obligations are ambiguous because the recursive evaluator
+        // is not smart enough, so we fall back to fulfillment when we're not certain
+        // that an obligation holds or not. Even still, we must make sure that
+        // the we do no inference in the process of checking this obligation.
+        let goal = infcx.resolve_vars_if_possible((obligation.predicate, obligation.param_env));
+        infcx.probe(|_| {
+            let ocx = ObligationCtxt::new_in_snapshot(infcx);
+            ocx.register_obligation(obligation);
+
+            let errors = ocx.select_all_or_error();
+            match errors.as_slice() {
+                // Only known to hold if we did no inference.
+                [] => infcx.shallow_resolve(goal) == goal,
+
+                errors => {
+                    debug!(?errors);
+                    false
+                }
             }
-        }
+        })
     } else {
         false
     }
@@ -266,8 +272,62 @@ pub fn normalize_param_env_or_error<'tcx>(
     // parameter environments once for every fn as it goes,
     // and errors will get reported then; so outside of type inference we
     // can be sure that no errors should occur.
-    let mut predicates: Vec<_> =
-        util::elaborate(tcx, unnormalized_env.caller_bounds().into_iter()).collect();
+    let mut predicates: Vec<_> = util::elaborate(
+        tcx,
+        unnormalized_env.caller_bounds().into_iter().map(|predicate| {
+            if tcx.features().generic_const_exprs {
+                return predicate;
+            }
+
+            struct ConstNormalizer<'tcx>(TyCtxt<'tcx>);
+
+            impl<'tcx> TypeFolder<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for ConstNormalizer<'tcx> {
+                fn interner(&self) -> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
+                    self.0
+                }
+
+                fn fold_const(&mut self, c: ty::Const<'tcx>) -> ty::Const<'tcx> {
+                    // While it is pretty sus to be evaluating things with an empty param env, it
+                    // should actually be okay since without `feature(generic_const_exprs)` the only
+                    // const arguments that have a non-empty param env are array repeat counts. These
+                    // do not appear in the type system though.
+                    c.eval(self.0, ty::ParamEnv::empty())
+                }
+            }
+
+            // This whole normalization step is a hack to work around the fact that
+            // `normalize_param_env_or_error` is fundamentally broken from using an
+            // unnormalized param env with a trait solver that expects the param env
+            // to be normalized.
+            //
+            // When normalizing the param env we can end up evaluating obligations
+            // that have been normalized but can only be proven via a where clause
+            // which is still in its unnormalized form. example:
+            //
+            // Attempting to prove `T: Trait<<u8 as Identity>::Assoc>` in a param env
+            // with a `T: Trait<<u8 as Identity>::Assoc>` where clause will fail because
+            // we first normalize obligations before proving them so we end up proving
+            // `T: Trait<u8>`. Since lazy normalization is not implemented equating `u8`
+            // with `<u8 as Identity>::Assoc` fails outright so we incorrectly believe that
+            // we cannot prove `T: Trait<u8>`.
+            //
+            // The same thing is true for const generics- attempting to prove
+            // `T: Trait<ConstKind::Unevaluated(...)>` with the same thing as a where clauses
+            // will fail. After normalization we may be attempting to prove `T: Trait<4>` with
+            // the unnormalized where clause `T: Trait<ConstKind::Unevaluated(...)>`. In order
+            // for the obligation to hold `4` must be equal to `ConstKind::Unevaluated(...)`
+            // but as we do not have lazy norm implemented, equating the two consts fails outright.
+            //
+            // Ideally we would not normalize consts here at all but it is required for backwards
+            // compatibility. Eventually when lazy norm is implemented this can just be removed.
+            // We do not normalize types here as there is no backwards compatibility requirement
+            // for us to do so.
+            //
+            // FIXME(-Ztrait-solver=next): remove this hack since we have deferred projection equality
+            predicate.fold_with(&mut ConstNormalizer(tcx))
+        }),
+    )
+    .collect();
 
     debug!("normalize_param_env_or_error: elaborated-predicates={:?}", predicates);
 
@@ -481,7 +541,7 @@ fn is_impossible_method(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, (impl_def_id, trait_item_def_id): (DefI
                 tcx,
                 ObligationCause::dummy_with_span(*span),
                 param_env,
-                ty::EarlyBinder(*pred).subst(tcx, impl_trait_ref.substs),
+                ty::EarlyBinder::bind(*pred).subst(tcx, impl_trait_ref.substs),
             )
         })
     });
@@ -498,10 +558,10 @@ fn is_impossible_method(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, (impl_def_id, trait_item_def_id): (DefI
     false
 }
 
-pub fn provide(providers: &mut ty::query::Providers) {
+pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
     object_safety::provide(providers);
     vtable::provide(providers);
-    *providers = ty::query::Providers {
+    *providers = Providers {
         specialization_graph_of: specialize::specialization_graph_provider,
         specializes: specialize::specializes,
         subst_and_check_impossible_predicates,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/object_safety.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/object_safety.rs
index 06d9c10386e..9582479941b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/object_safety.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/object_safety.rs
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ use crate::traits::{self, Obligation, ObligationCause};
 use rustc_errors::{DelayDm, FatalError, MultiSpan};
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::subst::{GenericArg, InternalSubsts};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{
     self, EarlyBinder, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeSuperVisitable, TypeVisitable, TypeVisitor,
@@ -641,7 +642,7 @@ fn receiver_for_self_ty<'tcx>(
         if param.index == 0 { self_ty.into() } else { tcx.mk_param_from_def(param) }
     });
 
-    let result = EarlyBinder(receiver_ty).subst(tcx, substs);
+    let result = EarlyBinder::bind(receiver_ty).subst(tcx, substs);
     debug!(
         "receiver_for_self_ty({:?}, {:?}, {:?}) = {:?}",
         receiver_ty, self_ty, method_def_id, result
@@ -947,7 +948,6 @@ pub fn contains_illegal_impl_trait_in_trait<'tcx>(
     })
 }
 
-pub fn provide(providers: &mut ty::query::Providers) {
-    *providers =
-        ty::query::Providers { object_safety_violations, check_is_object_safe, ..*providers };
+pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
+    *providers = Providers { object_safety_violations, check_is_object_safe, ..*providers };
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/outlives_bounds.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/outlives_bounds.rs
index 0db80232891..f8d056e321e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/outlives_bounds.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/outlives_bounds.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 use crate::infer::InferCtxt;
-use crate::traits::query::type_op::{self, TypeOp, TypeOpOutput};
-use crate::traits::query::NoSolution;
 use crate::traits::{ObligationCause, ObligationCtxt};
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxIndexSet;
 use rustc_infer::infer::resolve::OpportunisticRegionResolver;
+use rustc_infer::infer::InferOk;
+use rustc_middle::infer::canonical::{OriginalQueryValues, QueryRegionConstraints};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, ParamEnv, Ty, TypeFolder, TypeVisitableExt};
 use rustc_span::def_id::LocalDefId;
 
@@ -68,24 +68,29 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx: 'a> InferCtxtExt<'a, 'tcx> for InferCtxt<'tcx> {
             return vec![];
         }
 
-        let span = self.tcx.def_span(body_id);
-        let result = param_env
-            .and(type_op::implied_outlives_bounds::ImpliedOutlivesBounds { ty })
-            .fully_perform(self);
-        let result = match result {
-            Ok(r) => r,
-            Err(NoSolution) => {
-                self.tcx.sess.delay_span_bug(
-                    span,
-                    "implied_outlives_bounds failed to solve all obligations",
-                );
-                return vec![];
-            }
+        let mut canonical_var_values = OriginalQueryValues::default();
+        let canonical_ty =
+            self.canonicalize_query_keep_static(param_env.and(ty), &mut canonical_var_values);
+        let Ok(canonical_result) = self.tcx.implied_outlives_bounds(canonical_ty) else {
+            return vec![];
+        };
+
+        let mut constraints = QueryRegionConstraints::default();
+        let Ok(InferOk { value, obligations }) = self
+            .instantiate_nll_query_response_and_region_obligations(
+                &ObligationCause::dummy(),
+                param_env,
+                &canonical_var_values,
+                canonical_result,
+                &mut constraints,
+            ) else {
+            return vec![];
         };
+        assert_eq!(&obligations, &[]);
 
-        let TypeOpOutput { output, constraints, .. } = result;
+        if !constraints.is_empty() {
+            let span = self.tcx.def_span(body_id);
 
-        if let Some(constraints) = constraints {
             debug!(?constraints);
             if !constraints.member_constraints.is_empty() {
                 span_bug!(span, "{:#?}", constraints.member_constraints);
@@ -112,7 +117,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx: 'a> InferCtxtExt<'a, 'tcx> for InferCtxt<'tcx> {
             }
         };
 
-        output
+        value
     }
 
     fn implied_bounds_tys(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/project.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/project.rs
index 8e684b7ac23..65af0bb1c4e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/project.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/project.rs
@@ -824,7 +824,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeFolder<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for BoundVarReplacer<'_, 'tcx> {
                 let universe = self.universe_for(debruijn);
                 let p = ty::PlaceholderRegion { universe, bound: br };
                 self.mapped_regions.insert(p, br);
-                self.infcx.tcx.mk_re_placeholder(p)
+                ty::Region::new_placeholder(self.infcx.tcx, p)
             }
             _ => r,
         }
@@ -945,7 +945,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeFolder<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for PlaceholderReplacer<'_, 'tcx> {
                         let db = ty::DebruijnIndex::from_usize(
                             self.universe_indices.len() - index + self.current_index.as_usize() - 1,
                         );
-                        self.interner().mk_re_late_bound(db, *replace_var)
+                        ty::Region::new_late_bound(self.interner(), db, *replace_var)
                     }
                     None => r1,
                 }
@@ -1543,7 +1543,10 @@ fn assemble_candidates_from_trait_def<'cx, 'tcx>(
     // Check whether the self-type is itself a projection.
     // If so, extract what we know from the trait and try to come up with a good answer.
     let bounds = match *obligation.predicate.self_ty().kind() {
-        ty::Alias(_, ref data) => tcx.item_bounds(data.def_id).subst(tcx, data.substs),
+        // Excluding IATs here as they don't have meaningful item bounds.
+        ty::Alias(ty::Projection | ty::Opaque, ref data) => {
+            tcx.item_bounds(data.def_id).subst(tcx, data.substs)
+        }
         ty::Infer(ty::TyVar(_)) => {
             // If the self-type is an inference variable, then it MAY wind up
             // being a projected type, so induce an ambiguity.
@@ -2260,7 +2263,7 @@ fn confirm_param_env_candidate<'cx, 'tcx>(
                 obligation, poly_cache_entry, e,
             );
             debug!("confirm_param_env_candidate: {}", msg);
-            let err = infcx.tcx.ty_error_with_message(obligation.cause.span, &msg);
+            let err = infcx.tcx.ty_error_with_message(obligation.cause.span, msg);
             Progress { term: err.into(), obligations: vec![] }
         }
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/dropck_outlives.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/dropck_outlives.rs
index 455b53bfb7d..709c3f432e6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/dropck_outlives.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/dropck_outlives.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
-use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty, TyCtxt};
+use crate::traits::query::normalize::QueryNormalizeExt;
+use crate::traits::query::NoSolution;
+use crate::traits::{Normalized, ObligationCause, ObligationCtxt};
 
-pub use rustc_middle::traits::query::{DropckConstraint, DropckOutlivesResult};
+use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashSet;
+use rustc_middle::traits::query::{DropckConstraint, DropckOutlivesResult};
+use rustc_middle::ty::{self, EarlyBinder, ParamEnvAnd, Ty, TyCtxt};
+use rustc_span::source_map::{Span, DUMMY_SP};
 
 /// This returns true if the type `ty` is "trivial" for
 /// dropck-outlives -- that is, if it doesn't require any types to
@@ -71,3 +76,263 @@ pub fn trivial_dropck_outlives<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> bool {
         | ty::Generator(..) => false,
     }
 }
+
+pub fn compute_dropck_outlives_inner<'tcx>(
+    ocx: &ObligationCtxt<'_, 'tcx>,
+    goal: ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>>,
+) -> Result<DropckOutlivesResult<'tcx>, NoSolution> {
+    let tcx = ocx.infcx.tcx;
+    let ParamEnvAnd { param_env, value: for_ty } = goal;
+
+    let mut result = DropckOutlivesResult { kinds: vec![], overflows: vec![] };
+
+    // A stack of types left to process. Each round, we pop
+    // something from the stack and invoke
+    // `dtorck_constraint_for_ty_inner`. This may produce new types that
+    // have to be pushed on the stack. This continues until we have explored
+    // all the reachable types from the type `for_ty`.
+    //
+    // Example: Imagine that we have the following code:
+    //
+    // ```rust
+    // struct A {
+    //     value: B,
+    //     children: Vec<A>,
+    // }
+    //
+    // struct B {
+    //     value: u32
+    // }
+    //
+    // fn f() {
+    //   let a: A = ...;
+    //   ..
+    // } // here, `a` is dropped
+    // ```
+    //
+    // at the point where `a` is dropped, we need to figure out
+    // which types inside of `a` contain region data that may be
+    // accessed by any destructors in `a`. We begin by pushing `A`
+    // onto the stack, as that is the type of `a`. We will then
+    // invoke `dtorck_constraint_for_ty_inner` which will expand `A`
+    // into the types of its fields `(B, Vec<A>)`. These will get
+    // pushed onto the stack. Eventually, expanding `Vec<A>` will
+    // lead to us trying to push `A` a second time -- to prevent
+    // infinite recursion, we notice that `A` was already pushed
+    // once and stop.
+    let mut ty_stack = vec![(for_ty, 0)];
+
+    // Set used to detect infinite recursion.
+    let mut ty_set = FxHashSet::default();
+
+    let cause = ObligationCause::dummy();
+    let mut constraints = DropckConstraint::empty();
+    while let Some((ty, depth)) = ty_stack.pop() {
+        debug!(
+            "{} kinds, {} overflows, {} ty_stack",
+            result.kinds.len(),
+            result.overflows.len(),
+            ty_stack.len()
+        );
+        dtorck_constraint_for_ty_inner(tcx, DUMMY_SP, for_ty, depth, ty, &mut constraints)?;
+
+        // "outlives" represent types/regions that may be touched
+        // by a destructor.
+        result.kinds.append(&mut constraints.outlives);
+        result.overflows.append(&mut constraints.overflows);
+
+        // If we have even one overflow, we should stop trying to evaluate further --
+        // chances are, the subsequent overflows for this evaluation won't provide useful
+        // information and will just decrease the speed at which we can emit these errors
+        // (since we'll be printing for just that much longer for the often enormous types
+        // that result here).
+        if !result.overflows.is_empty() {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        // dtorck types are "types that will get dropped but which
+        // do not themselves define a destructor", more or less. We have
+        // to push them onto the stack to be expanded.
+        for ty in constraints.dtorck_types.drain(..) {
+            let Normalized { value: ty, obligations } =
+                ocx.infcx.at(&cause, param_env).query_normalize(ty)?;
+            ocx.register_obligations(obligations);
+
+            debug!("dropck_outlives: ty from dtorck_types = {:?}", ty);
+
+            match ty.kind() {
+                // All parameters live for the duration of the
+                // function.
+                ty::Param(..) => {}
+
+                // A projection that we couldn't resolve - it
+                // might have a destructor.
+                ty::Alias(..) => {
+                    result.kinds.push(ty.into());
+                }
+
+                _ => {
+                    if ty_set.insert(ty) {
+                        ty_stack.push((ty, depth + 1));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    debug!("dropck_outlives: result = {:#?}", result);
+    Ok(result)
+}
+
+/// Returns a set of constraints that needs to be satisfied in
+/// order for `ty` to be valid for destruction.
+pub fn dtorck_constraint_for_ty_inner<'tcx>(
+    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+    span: Span,
+    for_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
+    depth: usize,
+    ty: Ty<'tcx>,
+    constraints: &mut DropckConstraint<'tcx>,
+) -> Result<(), NoSolution> {
+    debug!("dtorck_constraint_for_ty_inner({:?}, {:?}, {:?}, {:?})", span, for_ty, depth, ty);
+
+    if !tcx.recursion_limit().value_within_limit(depth) {
+        constraints.overflows.push(ty);
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    if trivial_dropck_outlives(tcx, ty) {
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    match ty.kind() {
+        ty::Bool
+        | ty::Char
+        | ty::Int(_)
+        | ty::Uint(_)
+        | ty::Float(_)
+        | ty::Str
+        | ty::Never
+        | ty::Foreign(..)
+        | ty::RawPtr(..)
+        | ty::Ref(..)
+        | ty::FnDef(..)
+        | ty::FnPtr(_)
+        | ty::GeneratorWitness(..)
+        | ty::GeneratorWitnessMIR(..) => {
+            // these types never have a destructor
+        }
+
+        ty::Array(ety, _) | ty::Slice(ety) => {
+            // single-element containers, behave like their element
+            rustc_data_structures::stack::ensure_sufficient_stack(|| {
+                dtorck_constraint_for_ty_inner(tcx, span, for_ty, depth + 1, *ety, constraints)
+            })?;
+        }
+
+        ty::Tuple(tys) => rustc_data_structures::stack::ensure_sufficient_stack(|| {
+            for ty in tys.iter() {
+                dtorck_constraint_for_ty_inner(tcx, span, for_ty, depth + 1, ty, constraints)?;
+            }
+            Ok::<_, NoSolution>(())
+        })?,
+
+        ty::Closure(_, substs) => {
+            if !substs.as_closure().is_valid() {
+                // By the time this code runs, all type variables ought to
+                // be fully resolved.
+
+                tcx.sess.delay_span_bug(
+                    span,
+                    format!("upvar_tys for closure not found. Expected capture information for closure {ty}",),
+                );
+                return Err(NoSolution);
+            }
+
+            rustc_data_structures::stack::ensure_sufficient_stack(|| {
+                for ty in substs.as_closure().upvar_tys() {
+                    dtorck_constraint_for_ty_inner(tcx, span, for_ty, depth + 1, ty, constraints)?;
+                }
+                Ok::<_, NoSolution>(())
+            })?
+        }
+
+        ty::Generator(_, substs, _movability) => {
+            // rust-lang/rust#49918: types can be constructed, stored
+            // in the interior, and sit idle when generator yields
+            // (and is subsequently dropped).
+            //
+            // It would be nice to descend into interior of a
+            // generator to determine what effects dropping it might
+            // have (by looking at any drop effects associated with
+            // its interior).
+            //
+            // However, the interior's representation uses things like
+            // GeneratorWitness that explicitly assume they are not
+            // traversed in such a manner. So instead, we will
+            // simplify things for now by treating all generators as
+            // if they were like trait objects, where its upvars must
+            // all be alive for the generator's (potential)
+            // destructor.
+            //
+            // In particular, skipping over `_interior` is safe
+            // because any side-effects from dropping `_interior` can
+            // only take place through references with lifetimes
+            // derived from lifetimes attached to the upvars and resume
+            // argument, and we *do* incorporate those here.
+
+            if !substs.as_generator().is_valid() {
+                // By the time this code runs, all type variables ought to
+                // be fully resolved.
+                tcx.sess.delay_span_bug(
+                    span,
+                    format!("upvar_tys for generator not found. Expected capture information for generator {ty}",),
+                );
+                return Err(NoSolution);
+            }
+
+            constraints.outlives.extend(
+                substs
+                    .as_generator()
+                    .upvar_tys()
+                    .map(|t| -> ty::subst::GenericArg<'tcx> { t.into() }),
+            );
+            constraints.outlives.push(substs.as_generator().resume_ty().into());
+        }
+
+        ty::Adt(def, substs) => {
+            let DropckConstraint { dtorck_types, outlives, overflows } =
+                tcx.at(span).adt_dtorck_constraint(def.did())?;
+            // FIXME: we can try to recursively `dtorck_constraint_on_ty`
+            // there, but that needs some way to handle cycles.
+            constraints
+                .dtorck_types
+                .extend(dtorck_types.iter().map(|t| EarlyBinder::bind(*t).subst(tcx, substs)));
+            constraints
+                .outlives
+                .extend(outlives.iter().map(|t| EarlyBinder::bind(*t).subst(tcx, substs)));
+            constraints
+                .overflows
+                .extend(overflows.iter().map(|t| EarlyBinder::bind(*t).subst(tcx, substs)));
+        }
+
+        // Objects must be alive in order for their destructor
+        // to be called.
+        ty::Dynamic(..) => {
+            constraints.outlives.push(ty.into());
+        }
+
+        // Types that can't be resolved. Pass them forward.
+        ty::Alias(..) | ty::Param(..) => {
+            constraints.dtorck_types.push(ty);
+        }
+
+        ty::Placeholder(..) | ty::Bound(..) | ty::Infer(..) | ty::Error(_) => {
+            // By the time this code runs, all type variables ought to
+            // be fully resolved.
+            return Err(NoSolution);
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/evaluate_obligation.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/evaluate_obligation.rs
index edbe2de8105..a8a74d7501a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/evaluate_obligation.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/evaluate_obligation.rs
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtExt<'tcx> for InferCtxt<'tcx> {
                     Ok(EvaluationResult::EvaluatedToAmbig)
                 } else if self.opaque_types_added_in_snapshot(snapshot) {
                     Ok(EvaluationResult::EvaluatedToOkModuloOpaqueTypes)
-                } else if self.region_constraints_added_in_snapshot(snapshot).is_some() {
+                } else if self.region_constraints_added_in_snapshot(snapshot) {
                     Ok(EvaluationResult::EvaluatedToOkModuloRegions)
                 } else {
                     Ok(EvaluationResult::EvaluatedToOk)
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/ascribe_user_type.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/ascribe_user_type.rs
index e6db96c9e55..01d7a1e7913 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/ascribe_user_type.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/ascribe_user_type.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,13 @@
 use crate::infer::canonical::{Canonical, CanonicalQueryResponse};
-use crate::traits::query::Fallible;
-use rustc_middle::ty::{ParamEnvAnd, TyCtxt};
+use crate::traits::ObligationCtxt;
+use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefId, CRATE_DEF_ID};
+use rustc_infer::traits::Obligation;
+use rustc_middle::traits::query::NoSolution;
+use rustc_middle::traits::{ObligationCause, ObligationCauseCode};
+use rustc_middle::ty::{self, ParamEnvAnd, Ty, TyCtxt, UserSelfTy, UserSubsts, UserType};
 
 pub use rustc_middle::traits::query::type_op::AscribeUserType;
+use rustc_span::{Span, DUMMY_SP};
 
 impl<'tcx> super::QueryTypeOp<'tcx> for AscribeUserType<'tcx> {
     type QueryResponse = ();
@@ -17,7 +22,119 @@ impl<'tcx> super::QueryTypeOp<'tcx> for AscribeUserType<'tcx> {
     fn perform_query(
         tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
         canonicalized: Canonical<'tcx, ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, Self>>,
-    ) -> Fallible<CanonicalQueryResponse<'tcx, ()>> {
+    ) -> Result<CanonicalQueryResponse<'tcx, ()>, NoSolution> {
         tcx.type_op_ascribe_user_type(canonicalized)
     }
+
+    fn perform_locally_in_new_solver(
+        ocx: &ObligationCtxt<'_, 'tcx>,
+        key: ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, Self>,
+    ) -> Result<Self::QueryResponse, NoSolution> {
+        type_op_ascribe_user_type_with_span(ocx, key, None)
+    }
+}
+
+/// The core of the `type_op_ascribe_user_type` query: for diagnostics purposes in NLL HRTB errors,
+/// this query can be re-run to better track the span of the obligation cause, and improve the error
+/// message. Do not call directly unless you're in that very specific context.
+pub fn type_op_ascribe_user_type_with_span<'tcx>(
+    ocx: &ObligationCtxt<'_, 'tcx>,
+    key: ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, AscribeUserType<'tcx>>,
+    span: Option<Span>,
+) -> Result<(), NoSolution> {
+    let (param_env, AscribeUserType { mir_ty, user_ty }) = key.into_parts();
+    debug!("type_op_ascribe_user_type: mir_ty={:?} user_ty={:?}", mir_ty, user_ty);
+    let span = span.unwrap_or(DUMMY_SP);
+    match user_ty {
+        UserType::Ty(user_ty) => relate_mir_and_user_ty(ocx, param_env, span, mir_ty, user_ty)?,
+        UserType::TypeOf(def_id, user_substs) => {
+            relate_mir_and_user_substs(ocx, param_env, span, mir_ty, def_id, user_substs)?
+        }
+    };
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[instrument(level = "debug", skip(ocx, param_env, span))]
+fn relate_mir_and_user_ty<'tcx>(
+    ocx: &ObligationCtxt<'_, 'tcx>,
+    param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
+    span: Span,
+    mir_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
+    user_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
+) -> Result<(), NoSolution> {
+    let cause = ObligationCause::dummy_with_span(span);
+    let user_ty = ocx.normalize(&cause, param_env, user_ty);
+    ocx.eq(&cause, param_env, mir_ty, user_ty)?;
+
+    // FIXME(#104764): We should check well-formedness before normalization.
+    let predicate = ty::Binder::dummy(ty::PredicateKind::WellFormed(user_ty.into()));
+    ocx.register_obligation(Obligation::new(ocx.infcx.tcx, cause, param_env, predicate));
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[instrument(level = "debug", skip(ocx, param_env, span))]
+fn relate_mir_and_user_substs<'tcx>(
+    ocx: &ObligationCtxt<'_, 'tcx>,
+    param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
+    span: Span,
+    mir_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
+    def_id: DefId,
+    user_substs: UserSubsts<'tcx>,
+) -> Result<(), NoSolution> {
+    let param_env = param_env.without_const();
+    let UserSubsts { user_self_ty, substs } = user_substs;
+    let tcx = ocx.infcx.tcx;
+    let cause = ObligationCause::dummy_with_span(span);
+
+    let ty = tcx.type_of(def_id).subst(tcx, substs);
+    let ty = ocx.normalize(&cause, param_env, ty);
+    debug!("relate_type_and_user_type: ty of def-id is {:?}", ty);
+
+    ocx.eq(&cause, param_env, mir_ty, ty)?;
+
+    // Prove the predicates coming along with `def_id`.
+    //
+    // Also, normalize the `instantiated_predicates`
+    // because otherwise we wind up with duplicate "type
+    // outlives" error messages.
+    let instantiated_predicates = tcx.predicates_of(def_id).instantiate(tcx, substs);
+
+    debug!(?instantiated_predicates);
+    for (instantiated_predicate, predicate_span) in instantiated_predicates {
+        let span = if span == DUMMY_SP { predicate_span } else { span };
+        let cause = ObligationCause::new(
+            span,
+            CRATE_DEF_ID,
+            ObligationCauseCode::AscribeUserTypeProvePredicate(predicate_span),
+        );
+        let instantiated_predicate =
+            ocx.normalize(&cause.clone(), param_env, instantiated_predicate);
+
+        ocx.register_obligation(Obligation::new(tcx, cause, param_env, instantiated_predicate));
+    }
+
+    if let Some(UserSelfTy { impl_def_id, self_ty }) = user_self_ty {
+        let self_ty = ocx.normalize(&cause, param_env, self_ty);
+        let impl_self_ty = tcx.type_of(impl_def_id).subst(tcx, substs);
+        let impl_self_ty = ocx.normalize(&cause, param_env, impl_self_ty);
+
+        ocx.eq(&cause, param_env, self_ty, impl_self_ty)?;
+        let predicate = ty::Binder::dummy(ty::PredicateKind::WellFormed(impl_self_ty.into()));
+        ocx.register_obligation(Obligation::new(tcx, cause.clone(), param_env, predicate));
+    }
+
+    // In addition to proving the predicates, we have to
+    // prove that `ty` is well-formed -- this is because
+    // the WF of `ty` is predicated on the substs being
+    // well-formed, and we haven't proven *that*. We don't
+    // want to prove the WF of types from  `substs` directly because they
+    // haven't been normalized.
+    //
+    // FIXME(nmatsakis): Well, perhaps we should normalize
+    // them?  This would only be relevant if some input
+    // type were ill-formed but did not appear in `ty`,
+    // which...could happen with normalization...
+    let predicate = ty::Binder::dummy(ty::PredicateKind::WellFormed(ty.into()));
+    ocx.register_obligation(Obligation::new(tcx, cause, param_env, predicate));
+    Ok(())
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/custom.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/custom.rs
index 1f8e756043d..6d8d2103f39 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/custom.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/custom.rs
@@ -1,32 +1,32 @@
 use crate::infer::canonical::query_response;
-use crate::infer::{InferCtxt, InferOk};
+use crate::infer::InferCtxt;
 use crate::traits::query::type_op::TypeOpOutput;
-use crate::traits::query::Fallible;
 use crate::traits::ObligationCtxt;
+use rustc_errors::ErrorGuaranteed;
 use rustc_infer::infer::region_constraints::RegionConstraintData;
+use rustc_middle::traits::query::NoSolution;
 use rustc_span::source_map::DUMMY_SP;
+use rustc_span::Span;
 
 use std::fmt;
 
-pub struct CustomTypeOp<F, G> {
+pub struct CustomTypeOp<F> {
     closure: F,
-    description: G,
+    description: &'static str,
 }
 
-impl<F, G> CustomTypeOp<F, G> {
-    pub fn new<'tcx, R>(closure: F, description: G) -> Self
+impl<F> CustomTypeOp<F> {
+    pub fn new<'tcx, R>(closure: F, description: &'static str) -> Self
     where
-        F: FnOnce(&InferCtxt<'tcx>) -> Fallible<InferOk<'tcx, R>>,
-        G: Fn() -> String,
+        F: FnOnce(&ObligationCtxt<'_, 'tcx>) -> Result<R, NoSolution>,
     {
         CustomTypeOp { closure, description }
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tcx, F, R: fmt::Debug, G> super::TypeOp<'tcx> for CustomTypeOp<F, G>
+impl<'tcx, F, R: fmt::Debug> super::TypeOp<'tcx> for CustomTypeOp<F>
 where
-    F: for<'a, 'cx> FnOnce(&'a InferCtxt<'tcx>) -> Fallible<InferOk<'tcx, R>>,
-    G: Fn() -> String,
+    F: FnOnce(&ObligationCtxt<'_, 'tcx>) -> Result<R, NoSolution>,
 {
     type Output = R;
     /// We can't do any custom error reporting for `CustomTypeOp`, so
@@ -36,21 +36,22 @@ where
     /// Processes the operation and all resulting obligations,
     /// returning the final result along with any region constraints
     /// (they will be given over to the NLL region solver).
-    fn fully_perform(self, infcx: &InferCtxt<'tcx>) -> Fallible<TypeOpOutput<'tcx, Self>> {
+    fn fully_perform(
+        self,
+        infcx: &InferCtxt<'tcx>,
+        span: Span,
+    ) -> Result<TypeOpOutput<'tcx, Self>, ErrorGuaranteed> {
         if cfg!(debug_assertions) {
             info!("fully_perform({:?})", self);
         }
 
-        Ok(scrape_region_constraints(infcx, || (self.closure)(infcx))?.0)
+        Ok(scrape_region_constraints(infcx, self.closure, self.description, span)?.0)
     }
 }
 
-impl<F, G> fmt::Debug for CustomTypeOp<F, G>
-where
-    G: Fn() -> String,
-{
+impl<F> fmt::Debug for CustomTypeOp<F> {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        write!(f, "{}", (self.description)())
+        self.description.fmt(f)
     }
 }
 
@@ -58,8 +59,10 @@ where
 /// constraints that result, creating query-region-constraints.
 pub fn scrape_region_constraints<'tcx, Op: super::TypeOp<'tcx, Output = R>, R>(
     infcx: &InferCtxt<'tcx>,
-    op: impl FnOnce() -> Fallible<InferOk<'tcx, R>>,
-) -> Fallible<(TypeOpOutput<'tcx, Op>, RegionConstraintData<'tcx>)> {
+    op: impl FnOnce(&ObligationCtxt<'_, 'tcx>) -> Result<R, NoSolution>,
+    name: &'static str,
+    span: Span,
+) -> Result<(TypeOpOutput<'tcx, Op>, RegionConstraintData<'tcx>), ErrorGuaranteed> {
     // During NLL, we expect that nobody will register region
     // obligations **except** as part of a custom type op (and, at the
     // end of each custom type op, we scrape out the region
@@ -72,16 +75,21 @@ pub fn scrape_region_constraints<'tcx, Op: super::TypeOp<'tcx, Output = R>, R>(
         pre_obligations,
     );
 
-    let InferOk { value, obligations } = infcx.commit_if_ok(|_| op())?;
-    let ocx = ObligationCtxt::new(infcx);
-    ocx.register_obligations(obligations);
-    let errors = ocx.select_all_or_error();
-    if !errors.is_empty() {
-        infcx.tcx.sess.diagnostic().delay_span_bug(
-            DUMMY_SP,
-            format!("errors selecting obligation during MIR typeck: {:?}", errors),
-        );
-    }
+    let value = infcx.commit_if_ok(|_| {
+        let ocx = ObligationCtxt::new_in_snapshot(infcx);
+        let value = op(&ocx).map_err(|_| {
+            infcx.tcx.sess.delay_span_bug(span, format!("error performing operation: {name}"))
+        })?;
+        let errors = ocx.select_all_or_error();
+        if errors.is_empty() {
+            Ok(value)
+        } else {
+            Err(infcx.tcx.sess.delay_span_bug(
+                DUMMY_SP,
+                format!("errors selecting obligation during MIR typeck: {:?}", errors),
+            ))
+        }
+    })?;
 
     let region_obligations = infcx.take_registered_region_obligations();
     let region_constraint_data = infcx.take_and_reset_region_constraints();
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/eq.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/eq.rs
index 8c9b9610cb6..f6589308806 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/eq.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/eq.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 use crate::infer::canonical::{Canonical, CanonicalQueryResponse};
-use crate::traits::query::Fallible;
+use crate::traits::ObligationCtxt;
+use rustc_middle::traits::query::NoSolution;
+use rustc_middle::traits::ObligationCause;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{ParamEnvAnd, TyCtxt};
 
 pub use rustc_middle::traits::query::type_op::Eq;
@@ -17,7 +19,15 @@ impl<'tcx> super::QueryTypeOp<'tcx> for Eq<'tcx> {
     fn perform_query(
         tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
         canonicalized: Canonical<'tcx, ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, Self>>,
-    ) -> Fallible<CanonicalQueryResponse<'tcx, ()>> {
+    ) -> Result<CanonicalQueryResponse<'tcx, ()>, NoSolution> {
         tcx.type_op_eq(canonicalized)
     }
+
+    fn perform_locally_in_new_solver(
+        ocx: &ObligationCtxt<'_, 'tcx>,
+        key: ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, Self>,
+    ) -> Result<Self::QueryResponse, NoSolution> {
+        ocx.eq(&ObligationCause::dummy(), key.param_env, key.value.a, key.value.b)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/implied_outlives_bounds.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/implied_outlives_bounds.rs
index 18d7c9b1936..9989fc9c479 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/implied_outlives_bounds.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/implied_outlives_bounds.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,15 @@
-use crate::infer::canonical::{Canonical, CanonicalQueryResponse};
-use crate::traits::query::Fallible;
+use crate::traits::query::NoSolution;
+use crate::traits::wf;
+use crate::traits::ObligationCtxt;
+
+use rustc_infer::infer::canonical::Canonical;
+use rustc_infer::infer::outlives::components::{push_outlives_components, Component};
 use rustc_infer::traits::query::OutlivesBound;
-use rustc_middle::ty::{self, ParamEnvAnd, Ty, TyCtxt};
+use rustc_middle::infer::canonical::CanonicalQueryResponse;
+use rustc_middle::ty::{self, ParamEnvAnd, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeVisitableExt};
+use rustc_span::def_id::CRATE_DEF_ID;
+use rustc_span::source_map::DUMMY_SP;
+use smallvec::{smallvec, SmallVec};
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, HashStable, TypeFoldable, TypeVisitable, Lift)]
 pub struct ImpliedOutlivesBounds<'tcx> {
@@ -28,7 +36,7 @@ impl<'tcx> super::QueryTypeOp<'tcx> for ImpliedOutlivesBounds<'tcx> {
     fn perform_query(
         tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
         canonicalized: Canonical<'tcx, ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, Self>>,
-    ) -> Fallible<CanonicalQueryResponse<'tcx, Self::QueryResponse>> {
+    ) -> Result<CanonicalQueryResponse<'tcx, Self::QueryResponse>, NoSolution> {
         // FIXME this `unchecked_map` is only necessary because the
         // query is defined as taking a `ParamEnvAnd<Ty>`; it should
         // take an `ImpliedOutlivesBounds` instead
@@ -39,4 +47,169 @@ impl<'tcx> super::QueryTypeOp<'tcx> for ImpliedOutlivesBounds<'tcx> {
 
         tcx.implied_outlives_bounds(canonicalized)
     }
+
+    fn perform_locally_in_new_solver(
+        ocx: &ObligationCtxt<'_, 'tcx>,
+        key: ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, Self>,
+    ) -> Result<Self::QueryResponse, NoSolution> {
+        compute_implied_outlives_bounds_inner(ocx, key.param_env, key.value.ty)
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn compute_implied_outlives_bounds_inner<'tcx>(
+    ocx: &ObligationCtxt<'_, 'tcx>,
+    param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
+    ty: Ty<'tcx>,
+) -> Result<Vec<OutlivesBound<'tcx>>, NoSolution> {
+    let tcx = ocx.infcx.tcx;
+
+    // Sometimes when we ask what it takes for T: WF, we get back that
+    // U: WF is required; in that case, we push U onto this stack and
+    // process it next. Because the resulting predicates aren't always
+    // guaranteed to be a subset of the original type, so we need to store the
+    // WF args we've computed in a set.
+    let mut checked_wf_args = rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashSet::default();
+    let mut wf_args = vec![ty.into()];
+
+    let mut outlives_bounds: Vec<ty::OutlivesPredicate<ty::GenericArg<'tcx>, ty::Region<'tcx>>> =
+        vec![];
+
+    while let Some(arg) = wf_args.pop() {
+        if !checked_wf_args.insert(arg) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Compute the obligations for `arg` to be well-formed. If `arg` is
+        // an unresolved inference variable, just substituted an empty set
+        // -- because the return type here is going to be things we *add*
+        // to the environment, it's always ok for this set to be smaller
+        // than the ultimate set. (Note: normally there won't be
+        // unresolved inference variables here anyway, but there might be
+        // during typeck under some circumstances.)
+        //
+        // FIXME(@lcnr): It's not really "always fine", having fewer implied
+        // bounds can be backward incompatible, e.g. #101951 was caused by
+        // us not dealing with inference vars in `TypeOutlives` predicates.
+        let obligations = wf::obligations(ocx.infcx, param_env, CRATE_DEF_ID, 0, arg, DUMMY_SP)
+            .unwrap_or_default();
+
+        for obligation in obligations {
+            debug!(?obligation);
+            assert!(!obligation.has_escaping_bound_vars());
+
+            // While these predicates should all be implied by other parts of
+            // the program, they are still relevant as they may constrain
+            // inference variables, which is necessary to add the correct
+            // implied bounds in some cases, mostly when dealing with projections.
+            //
+            // Another important point here: we only register `Projection`
+            // predicates, since otherwise we might register outlives
+            // predicates containing inference variables, and we don't
+            // learn anything new from those.
+            if obligation.predicate.has_non_region_infer() {
+                match obligation.predicate.kind().skip_binder() {
+                    ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Projection(..))
+                    | ty::PredicateKind::AliasRelate(..) => {
+                        ocx.register_obligation(obligation.clone());
+                    }
+                    _ => {}
+                }
+            }
+
+            let pred = match obligation.predicate.kind().no_bound_vars() {
+                None => continue,
+                Some(pred) => pred,
+            };
+            match pred {
+                ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Trait(..))
+                // FIXME(const_generics): Make sure that `<'a, 'b, const N: &'a &'b u32>` is sound
+                // if we ever support that
+                | ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::ConstArgHasType(..))
+                | ty::PredicateKind::Subtype(..)
+                | ty::PredicateKind::Coerce(..)
+                | ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Projection(..))
+                | ty::PredicateKind::ClosureKind(..)
+                | ty::PredicateKind::ObjectSafe(..)
+                | ty::PredicateKind::ConstEvaluatable(..)
+                | ty::PredicateKind::ConstEquate(..)
+                | ty::PredicateKind::Ambiguous
+                | ty::PredicateKind::AliasRelate(..)
+                | ty::PredicateKind::TypeWellFormedFromEnv(..) => {}
+
+                // We need to search through *all* WellFormed predicates
+                ty::PredicateKind::WellFormed(arg) => {
+                    wf_args.push(arg);
+                }
+
+                // We need to register region relationships
+                ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::RegionOutlives(ty::OutlivesPredicate(
+                    r_a,
+                    r_b,
+                ))) => outlives_bounds.push(ty::OutlivesPredicate(r_a.into(), r_b)),
+
+                ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::TypeOutlives(ty::OutlivesPredicate(
+                    ty_a,
+                    r_b,
+                ))) => outlives_bounds.push(ty::OutlivesPredicate(ty_a.into(), r_b)),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // This call to `select_all_or_error` is necessary to constrain inference variables, which we
+    // use further down when computing the implied bounds.
+    match ocx.select_all_or_error().as_slice() {
+        [] => (),
+        _ => return Err(NoSolution),
+    }
+
+    // We lazily compute the outlives components as
+    // `select_all_or_error` constrains inference variables.
+    let implied_bounds = outlives_bounds
+        .into_iter()
+        .flat_map(|ty::OutlivesPredicate(a, r_b)| match a.unpack() {
+            ty::GenericArgKind::Lifetime(r_a) => vec![OutlivesBound::RegionSubRegion(r_b, r_a)],
+            ty::GenericArgKind::Type(ty_a) => {
+                let ty_a = ocx.infcx.resolve_vars_if_possible(ty_a);
+                let mut components = smallvec![];
+                push_outlives_components(tcx, ty_a, &mut components);
+                implied_bounds_from_components(r_b, components)
+            }
+            ty::GenericArgKind::Const(_) => unreachable!(),
+        })
+        .collect();
+
+    Ok(implied_bounds)
+}
+
+/// When we have an implied bound that `T: 'a`, we can further break
+/// this down to determine what relationships would have to hold for
+/// `T: 'a` to hold. We get to assume that the caller has validated
+/// those relationships.
+fn implied_bounds_from_components<'tcx>(
+    sub_region: ty::Region<'tcx>,
+    sup_components: SmallVec<[Component<'tcx>; 4]>,
+) -> Vec<OutlivesBound<'tcx>> {
+    sup_components
+        .into_iter()
+        .filter_map(|component| {
+            match component {
+                Component::Region(r) => Some(OutlivesBound::RegionSubRegion(sub_region, r)),
+                Component::Param(p) => Some(OutlivesBound::RegionSubParam(sub_region, p)),
+                Component::Alias(p) => Some(OutlivesBound::RegionSubAlias(sub_region, p)),
+                Component::EscapingAlias(_) =>
+                // If the projection has escaping regions, don't
+                // try to infer any implied bounds even for its
+                // free components. This is conservative, because
+                // the caller will still have to prove that those
+                // free components outlive `sub_region`. But the
+                // idea is that the WAY that the caller proves
+                // that may change in the future and we want to
+                // give ourselves room to get smarter here.
+                {
+                    None
+                }
+                Component::UnresolvedInferenceVariable(..) => None,
+            }
+        })
+        .collect()
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/mod.rs
index 9e8bc8bce9a..642fdec2d9a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/mod.rs
@@ -2,13 +2,14 @@ use crate::infer::canonical::{
     Canonical, CanonicalQueryResponse, OriginalQueryValues, QueryRegionConstraints,
 };
 use crate::infer::{InferCtxt, InferOk};
-use crate::traits::query::Fallible;
-use crate::traits::ObligationCause;
+use crate::traits::{ObligationCause, ObligationCtxt};
+use rustc_errors::ErrorGuaranteed;
 use rustc_infer::infer::canonical::Certainty;
-use rustc_infer::traits::query::NoSolution;
 use rustc_infer::traits::PredicateObligations;
+use rustc_middle::traits::query::NoSolution;
 use rustc_middle::ty::fold::TypeFoldable;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{ParamEnvAnd, TyCtxt};
+use rustc_span::Span;
 use std::fmt;
 
 pub mod ascribe_user_type;
@@ -22,6 +23,8 @@ pub mod subtype;
 
 pub use rustc_middle::traits::query::type_op::*;
 
+use self::custom::scrape_region_constraints;
+
 /// "Type ops" are used in NLL to perform some particular action and
 /// extract out the resulting region constraints (or an error if it
 /// cannot be completed).
@@ -32,7 +35,11 @@ pub trait TypeOp<'tcx>: Sized + fmt::Debug {
     /// Processes the operation and all resulting obligations,
     /// returning the final result along with any region constraints
     /// (they will be given over to the NLL region solver).
-    fn fully_perform(self, infcx: &InferCtxt<'tcx>) -> Fallible<TypeOpOutput<'tcx, Self>>;
+    fn fully_perform(
+        self,
+        infcx: &InferCtxt<'tcx>,
+        span: Span,
+    ) -> Result<TypeOpOutput<'tcx, Self>, ErrorGuaranteed>;
 }
 
 /// The output from performing a type op
@@ -74,18 +81,32 @@ pub trait QueryTypeOp<'tcx>: fmt::Debug + Copy + TypeFoldable<TyCtxt<'tcx>> + 't
     fn perform_query(
         tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
         canonicalized: Canonical<'tcx, ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, Self>>,
-    ) -> Fallible<CanonicalQueryResponse<'tcx, Self::QueryResponse>>;
+    ) -> Result<CanonicalQueryResponse<'tcx, Self::QueryResponse>, NoSolution>;
+
+    /// In the new trait solver, we already do caching in the solver itself,
+    /// so there's no need to canonicalize and cache via the query system.
+    /// Additionally, even if we were to canonicalize, we'd still need to
+    /// make sure to feed it predefined opaque types and the defining anchor
+    /// and that would require duplicating all of the tcx queries. Instead,
+    /// just perform these ops locally.
+    fn perform_locally_in_new_solver(
+        ocx: &ObligationCtxt<'_, 'tcx>,
+        key: ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, Self>,
+    ) -> Result<Self::QueryResponse, NoSolution>;
 
     fn fully_perform_into(
         query_key: ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, Self>,
         infcx: &InferCtxt<'tcx>,
         output_query_region_constraints: &mut QueryRegionConstraints<'tcx>,
-    ) -> Fallible<(
-        Self::QueryResponse,
-        Option<Canonical<'tcx, ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, Self>>>,
-        PredicateObligations<'tcx>,
-        Certainty,
-    )> {
+    ) -> Result<
+        (
+            Self::QueryResponse,
+            Option<Canonical<'tcx, ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, Self>>>,
+            PredicateObligations<'tcx>,
+            Certainty,
+        ),
+        NoSolution,
+    > {
         if let Some(result) = QueryTypeOp::try_fast_path(infcx.tcx, &query_key) {
             return Ok((result, None, vec![], Certainty::Proven));
         }
@@ -120,10 +141,26 @@ where
     type Output = Q::QueryResponse;
     type ErrorInfo = Canonical<'tcx, ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, Q>>;
 
-    fn fully_perform(self, infcx: &InferCtxt<'tcx>) -> Fallible<TypeOpOutput<'tcx, Self>> {
+    fn fully_perform(
+        self,
+        infcx: &InferCtxt<'tcx>,
+        span: Span,
+    ) -> Result<TypeOpOutput<'tcx, Self>, ErrorGuaranteed> {
+        if infcx.tcx.trait_solver_next() {
+            return Ok(scrape_region_constraints(
+                infcx,
+                |ocx| QueryTypeOp::perform_locally_in_new_solver(ocx, self),
+                "query type op",
+                span,
+            )?
+            .0);
+        }
+
         let mut region_constraints = QueryRegionConstraints::default();
         let (output, error_info, mut obligations, _) =
-            Q::fully_perform_into(self, infcx, &mut region_constraints)?;
+            Q::fully_perform_into(self, infcx, &mut region_constraints).map_err(|_| {
+                infcx.tcx.sess.delay_span_bug(span, format!("error performing {self:?}"))
+            })?;
 
         // Typically, instantiating NLL query results does not
         // create obligations. However, in some cases there
@@ -151,7 +188,10 @@ where
                 }
             }
             if !progress {
-                return Err(NoSolution);
+                return Err(infcx.tcx.sess.delay_span_bug(
+                    span,
+                    format!("ambiguity processing {obligations:?} from {self:?}"),
+                ));
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/normalize.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/normalize.rs
index 5b216c07692..57ca14aa492 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/normalize.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/normalize.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 use crate::infer::canonical::{Canonical, CanonicalQueryResponse};
-use crate::traits::query::Fallible;
+use crate::traits::ObligationCtxt;
+use rustc_middle::traits::query::NoSolution;
+use rustc_middle::traits::ObligationCause;
 use rustc_middle::ty::fold::TypeFoldable;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Lift, ParamEnvAnd, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeVisitableExt};
 use std::fmt;
@@ -19,23 +21,31 @@ where
     fn perform_query(
         tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
         canonicalized: Canonical<'tcx, ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, Self>>,
-    ) -> Fallible<CanonicalQueryResponse<'tcx, Self::QueryResponse>> {
+    ) -> Result<CanonicalQueryResponse<'tcx, Self::QueryResponse>, NoSolution> {
         T::type_op_method(tcx, canonicalized)
     }
+
+    fn perform_locally_in_new_solver(
+        ocx: &ObligationCtxt<'_, 'tcx>,
+        key: ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, Self>,
+    ) -> Result<Self::QueryResponse, NoSolution> {
+        // FIXME(-Ztrait-solver=next): shouldn't be using old normalizer
+        Ok(ocx.normalize(&ObligationCause::dummy(), key.param_env, key.value.value))
+    }
 }
 
 pub trait Normalizable<'tcx>: fmt::Debug + TypeFoldable<TyCtxt<'tcx>> + Lift<'tcx> + Copy {
     fn type_op_method(
         tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
         canonicalized: Canonical<'tcx, ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, Normalize<Self>>>,
-    ) -> Fallible<CanonicalQueryResponse<'tcx, Self>>;
+    ) -> Result<CanonicalQueryResponse<'tcx, Self>, NoSolution>;
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> Normalizable<'tcx> for Ty<'tcx> {
     fn type_op_method(
         tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
         canonicalized: Canonical<'tcx, ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, Normalize<Self>>>,
-    ) -> Fallible<CanonicalQueryResponse<'tcx, Self>> {
+    ) -> Result<CanonicalQueryResponse<'tcx, Self>, NoSolution> {
         tcx.type_op_normalize_ty(canonicalized)
     }
 }
@@ -44,7 +54,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Normalizable<'tcx> for ty::Predicate<'tcx> {
     fn type_op_method(
         tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
         canonicalized: Canonical<'tcx, ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, Normalize<Self>>>,
-    ) -> Fallible<CanonicalQueryResponse<'tcx, Self>> {
+    ) -> Result<CanonicalQueryResponse<'tcx, Self>, NoSolution> {
         tcx.type_op_normalize_predicate(canonicalized)
     }
 }
@@ -53,7 +63,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Normalizable<'tcx> for ty::PolyFnSig<'tcx> {
     fn type_op_method(
         tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
         canonicalized: Canonical<'tcx, ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, Normalize<Self>>>,
-    ) -> Fallible<CanonicalQueryResponse<'tcx, Self>> {
+    ) -> Result<CanonicalQueryResponse<'tcx, Self>, NoSolution> {
         tcx.type_op_normalize_poly_fn_sig(canonicalized)
     }
 }
@@ -62,7 +72,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Normalizable<'tcx> for ty::FnSig<'tcx> {
     fn type_op_method(
         tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
         canonicalized: Canonical<'tcx, ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, Normalize<Self>>>,
-    ) -> Fallible<CanonicalQueryResponse<'tcx, Self>> {
+    ) -> Result<CanonicalQueryResponse<'tcx, Self>, NoSolution> {
         tcx.type_op_normalize_fn_sig(canonicalized)
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/outlives.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/outlives.rs
index 21ef4e24fdb..98894263374 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/outlives.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/outlives.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 use crate::infer::canonical::{Canonical, CanonicalQueryResponse};
-use crate::traits::query::dropck_outlives::{trivial_dropck_outlives, DropckOutlivesResult};
-use crate::traits::query::Fallible;
+use crate::traits::query::dropck_outlives::{
+    compute_dropck_outlives_inner, trivial_dropck_outlives,
+};
+use crate::traits::ObligationCtxt;
+use rustc_middle::traits::query::{DropckOutlivesResult, NoSolution};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{ParamEnvAnd, Ty, TyCtxt};
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, HashStable, TypeFoldable, TypeVisitable, Lift)]
@@ -27,7 +30,7 @@ impl<'tcx> super::QueryTypeOp<'tcx> for DropckOutlives<'tcx> {
     fn perform_query(
         tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
         canonicalized: Canonical<'tcx, ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, Self>>,
-    ) -> Fallible<CanonicalQueryResponse<'tcx, Self::QueryResponse>> {
+    ) -> Result<CanonicalQueryResponse<'tcx, Self::QueryResponse>, NoSolution> {
         // Subtle: note that we are not invoking
         // `infcx.at(...).dropck_outlives(...)` here, but rather the
         // underlying `dropck_outlives` query. This same underlying
@@ -48,4 +51,11 @@ impl<'tcx> super::QueryTypeOp<'tcx> for DropckOutlives<'tcx> {
 
         tcx.dropck_outlives(canonicalized)
     }
+
+    fn perform_locally_in_new_solver(
+        ocx: &ObligationCtxt<'_, 'tcx>,
+        key: ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, Self>,
+    ) -> Result<Self::QueryResponse, NoSolution> {
+        compute_dropck_outlives_inner(ocx, key.param_env.and(key.value.dropped_ty))
+    }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/prove_predicate.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/prove_predicate.rs
index baa2fbb6751..47850bc330d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/prove_predicate.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/prove_predicate.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 use crate::infer::canonical::{Canonical, CanonicalQueryResponse};
-use crate::traits::query::Fallible;
+use crate::traits::ObligationCtxt;
+use rustc_infer::traits::Obligation;
+use rustc_middle::traits::query::NoSolution;
+use rustc_middle::traits::ObligationCause;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, ParamEnvAnd, TyCtxt};
 
 pub use rustc_middle::traits::query::type_op::ProvePredicate;
@@ -33,7 +36,20 @@ impl<'tcx> super::QueryTypeOp<'tcx> for ProvePredicate<'tcx> {
     fn perform_query(
         tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
         canonicalized: Canonical<'tcx, ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, Self>>,
-    ) -> Fallible<CanonicalQueryResponse<'tcx, ()>> {
+    ) -> Result<CanonicalQueryResponse<'tcx, ()>, NoSolution> {
         tcx.type_op_prove_predicate(canonicalized)
     }
+
+    fn perform_locally_in_new_solver(
+        ocx: &ObligationCtxt<'_, 'tcx>,
+        key: ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, Self>,
+    ) -> Result<Self::QueryResponse, NoSolution> {
+        ocx.register_obligation(Obligation::new(
+            ocx.infcx.tcx,
+            ObligationCause::dummy(),
+            key.param_env,
+            key.value.predicate,
+        ));
+        Ok(())
+    }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/subtype.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/subtype.rs
index c51292eba14..10976d5cd71 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/subtype.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/query/type_op/subtype.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 use crate::infer::canonical::{Canonical, CanonicalQueryResponse};
-use crate::traits::query::Fallible;
+use crate::traits::ObligationCtxt;
+use rustc_middle::traits::query::NoSolution;
+use rustc_middle::traits::ObligationCause;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{ParamEnvAnd, TyCtxt};
 
 pub use rustc_middle::traits::query::type_op::Subtype;
@@ -14,7 +16,15 @@ impl<'tcx> super::QueryTypeOp<'tcx> for Subtype<'tcx> {
     fn perform_query(
         tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
         canonicalized: Canonical<'tcx, ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, Self>>,
-    ) -> Fallible<CanonicalQueryResponse<'tcx, ()>> {
+    ) -> Result<CanonicalQueryResponse<'tcx, ()>, NoSolution> {
         tcx.type_op_subtype(canonicalized)
     }
+
+    fn perform_locally_in_new_solver(
+        ocx: &ObligationCtxt<'_, 'tcx>,
+        key: ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, Self>,
+    ) -> Result<Self::QueryResponse, NoSolution> {
+        ocx.sub(&ObligationCause::dummy(), key.param_env, key.value.sub, key.value.sup)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/candidate_assembly.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/candidate_assembly.rs
index a8fb55df2d3..3c223db5a0b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/candidate_assembly.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/candidate_assembly.rs
@@ -143,7 +143,8 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
         // Before we go into the whole placeholder thing, just
         // quickly check if the self-type is a projection at all.
         match obligation.predicate.skip_binder().trait_ref.self_ty().kind() {
-            ty::Alias(..) => {}
+            // Excluding IATs here as they don't have meaningful item bounds.
+            ty::Alias(ty::Projection | ty::Opaque, _) => {}
             ty::Infer(ty::TyVar(_)) => {
                 span_bug!(
                     obligation.cause.span,
@@ -359,7 +360,9 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
                 // consider a "quick reject". This avoids creating more types
                 // and so forth that we need to.
                 let impl_trait_ref = self.tcx().impl_trait_ref(impl_def_id).unwrap();
-                if !drcx.substs_refs_may_unify(obligation_substs, impl_trait_ref.0.substs) {
+                if !drcx
+                    .substs_refs_may_unify(obligation_substs, impl_trait_ref.skip_binder().substs)
+                {
                     return;
                 }
                 if self.reject_fn_ptr_impls(
@@ -966,16 +969,18 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
     ) {
         // The regions of a type don't affect the size of the type
         let tcx = self.tcx();
-        let self_ty =
-            tcx.erase_regions(tcx.erase_late_bound_regions(obligation.predicate.self_ty()));
-
+        let self_ty = tcx.erase_late_bound_regions(obligation.predicate.self_ty());
+        // We should erase regions from both the param-env and type, since both
+        // may have infer regions. Specifically, after canonicalizing and instantiating,
+        // early bound regions turn into region vars in both the new and old solver.
+        let key = tcx.erase_regions(obligation.param_env.and(self_ty));
         // But if there are inference variables, we have to wait until it's resolved.
-        if self_ty.has_non_region_infer() {
+        if key.has_non_region_infer() {
             candidates.ambiguous = true;
             return;
         }
 
-        if let Ok(layout) = tcx.layout_of(obligation.param_env.and(self_ty))
+        if let Ok(layout) = tcx.layout_of(key)
             && layout.layout.is_pointer_like(&tcx.data_layout)
         {
             candidates.vec.push(BuiltinCandidate { has_nested: false });
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/confirmation.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/confirmation.rs
index 4dc84e0ad10..4e961c3ee73 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/confirmation.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/confirmation.rs
@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ use crate::traits::{
     ImplSourceAutoImplData, ImplSourceBuiltinData, ImplSourceClosureData,
     ImplSourceConstDestructData, ImplSourceFnPointerData, ImplSourceFutureData,
     ImplSourceGeneratorData, ImplSourceObjectData, ImplSourceTraitAliasData,
-    ImplSourceTraitUpcastingData, ImplSourceUserDefinedData, Normalized, ObjectCastObligation,
-    Obligation, ObligationCause, OutputTypeParameterMismatch, PredicateObligation, Selection,
-    SelectionError, TraitNotObjectSafe, TraitObligation, Unimplemented,
+    ImplSourceTraitUpcastingData, ImplSourceUserDefinedData, Normalized, Obligation,
+    ObligationCause, OutputTypeParameterMismatch, PredicateObligation, Selection, SelectionError,
+    TraitNotObjectSafe, TraitObligation, Unimplemented,
 };
 
 use super::BuiltinImplConditions;
@@ -132,6 +132,12 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
             }
         };
 
+        // The obligations returned by confirmation are recursively evaluated
+        // so we need to make sure they have the correct depth.
+        for subobligation in impl_src.borrow_nested_obligations_mut() {
+            subobligation.set_depth_from_parent(obligation.recursion_depth);
+        }
+
         if !obligation.predicate.is_const_if_const() {
             // normalize nested predicates according to parent predicate's constness.
             impl_src = impl_src.map(|mut o| {
@@ -156,7 +162,10 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
         let placeholder_self_ty = placeholder_trait_predicate.self_ty();
         let placeholder_trait_predicate = ty::Binder::dummy(placeholder_trait_predicate);
         let (def_id, substs) = match *placeholder_self_ty.kind() {
-            ty::Alias(_, ty::AliasTy { def_id, substs, .. }) => (def_id, substs),
+            // Excluding IATs here as they don't have meaningful item bounds.
+            ty::Alias(ty::Projection | ty::Opaque, ty::AliasTy { def_id, substs, .. }) => {
+                (def_id, substs)
+            }
             _ => bug!("projection candidate for unexpected type: {:?}", placeholder_self_ty),
         };
 
@@ -518,9 +527,9 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
                         substs.extend(trait_predicate.trait_ref.substs.iter());
                         let mut bound_vars: smallvec::SmallVec<[ty::BoundVariableKind; 8]> =
                             smallvec::SmallVec::with_capacity(
-                                bound.0.kind().bound_vars().len() + defs.count(),
+                                bound.skip_binder().kind().bound_vars().len() + defs.count(),
                             );
-                        bound_vars.extend(bound.0.kind().bound_vars().into_iter());
+                        bound_vars.extend(bound.skip_binder().kind().bound_vars().into_iter());
                         InternalSubsts::fill_single(&mut substs, defs, &mut |param, _| match param
                             .kind
                         {
@@ -541,7 +550,8 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
                                 let kind = ty::BoundRegionKind::BrNamed(param.def_id, param.name);
                                 let bound_var = ty::BoundVariableKind::Region(kind);
                                 bound_vars.push(bound_var);
-                                tcx.mk_re_late_bound(
+                                ty::Region::new_late_bound(
+                                    tcx,
                                     ty::INNERMOST,
                                     ty::BoundRegion {
                                         var: ty::BoundVar::from_usize(bound_vars.len() - 1),
@@ -905,16 +915,10 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
                     .map_err(|_| Unimplemented)?;
                 nested.extend(obligations);
 
-                // Register one obligation for 'a: 'b.
-                let cause = ObligationCause::new(
-                    obligation.cause.span,
-                    obligation.cause.body_id,
-                    ObjectCastObligation(source, target),
-                );
                 let outlives = ty::OutlivesPredicate(r_a, r_b);
                 nested.push(Obligation::with_depth(
                     tcx,
-                    cause,
+                    obligation.cause.clone(),
                     obligation.recursion_depth + 1,
                     obligation.param_env,
                     obligation.predicate.rebind(outlives),
@@ -1005,15 +1009,10 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
                 nested.extend(obligations);
 
                 // Register one obligation for 'a: 'b.
-                let cause = ObligationCause::new(
-                    obligation.cause.span,
-                    obligation.cause.body_id,
-                    ObjectCastObligation(source, target),
-                );
                 let outlives = ty::OutlivesPredicate(r_a, r_b);
                 nested.push(Obligation::with_depth(
                     tcx,
-                    cause,
+                    obligation.cause.clone(),
                     obligation.recursion_depth + 1,
                     obligation.param_env,
                     obligation.predicate.rebind(outlives),
@@ -1027,16 +1026,10 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
                     return Err(TraitNotObjectSafe(did));
                 }
 
-                let cause = ObligationCause::new(
-                    obligation.cause.span,
-                    obligation.cause.body_id,
-                    ObjectCastObligation(source, target),
-                );
-
                 let predicate_to_obligation = |predicate| {
                     Obligation::with_depth(
                         tcx,
-                        cause.clone(),
+                        obligation.cause.clone(),
                         obligation.recursion_depth + 1,
                         obligation.param_env,
                         predicate,
@@ -1056,7 +1049,12 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
                 );
 
                 // We can only make objects from sized types.
-                let tr = ty::TraitRef::from_lang_item(tcx, LangItem::Sized, cause.span, [source]);
+                let tr = ty::TraitRef::from_lang_item(
+                    tcx,
+                    LangItem::Sized,
+                    obligation.cause.span,
+                    [source],
+                );
                 nested.push(predicate_to_obligation(tr.without_const().to_predicate(tcx)));
 
                 // If the type is `Foo + 'a`, ensure that the type
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/mod.rs
index e4f5a84f424..42c1b629ac2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/mod.rs
@@ -537,14 +537,22 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
         obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
     ) -> Result<EvaluationResult, OverflowError> {
         self.evaluation_probe(|this| {
-            if this.tcx().trait_solver_next() {
-                this.evaluate_predicates_recursively_in_new_solver([obligation.clone()])
+            let goal =
+                this.infcx.resolve_vars_if_possible((obligation.predicate, obligation.param_env));
+            let mut result = if this.tcx().trait_solver_next() {
+                this.evaluate_predicates_recursively_in_new_solver([obligation.clone()])?
             } else {
                 this.evaluate_predicate_recursively(
                     TraitObligationStackList::empty(&ProvisionalEvaluationCache::default()),
                     obligation.clone(),
-                )
+                )?
+            };
+            // If the predicate has done any inference, then downgrade the
+            // result to ambiguous.
+            if this.infcx.shallow_resolve(goal) != goal {
+                result = result.max(EvaluatedToAmbig);
             }
+            Ok(result)
         })
     }
 
@@ -553,9 +561,10 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
         op: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> Result<EvaluationResult, OverflowError>,
     ) -> Result<EvaluationResult, OverflowError> {
         self.infcx.probe(|snapshot| -> Result<EvaluationResult, OverflowError> {
+            let outer_universe = self.infcx.universe();
             let result = op(self)?;
 
-            match self.infcx.leak_check(true, snapshot) {
+            match self.infcx.leak_check(outer_universe, Some(snapshot)) {
                 Ok(()) => {}
                 Err(_) => return Ok(EvaluatedToErr),
             }
@@ -564,9 +573,10 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
                 return Ok(result.max(EvaluatedToOkModuloOpaqueTypes));
             }
 
-            match self.infcx.region_constraints_added_in_snapshot(snapshot) {
-                None => Ok(result),
-                Some(_) => Ok(result.max(EvaluatedToOkModuloRegions)),
+            if self.infcx.region_constraints_added_in_snapshot(snapshot) {
+                Ok(result.max(EvaluatedToOkModuloRegions))
+            } else {
+                Ok(result)
             }
         })
     }
@@ -1645,7 +1655,9 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
 
         let tcx = self.infcx.tcx;
         let (def_id, substs) = match *placeholder_trait_predicate.trait_ref.self_ty().kind() {
-            ty::Alias(_, ty::AliasTy { def_id, substs, .. }) => (def_id, substs),
+            ty::Alias(ty::Projection | ty::Opaque, ty::AliasTy { def_id, substs, .. }) => {
+                (def_id, substs)
+            }
             _ => {
                 span_bug!(
                     obligation.cause.span,
@@ -1783,12 +1795,12 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
             .infcx
             .at(&obligation.cause, obligation.param_env)
             .sup(DefineOpaqueTypes::No, obligation.predicate, infer_projection)
-            .map_or(false, |InferOk { obligations, value: () }| {
+            .is_ok_and(|InferOk { obligations, value: () }| {
                 self.evaluate_predicates_recursively(
                     TraitObligationStackList::empty(&ProvisionalEvaluationCache::default()),
                     nested_obligations.into_iter().chain(obligations),
                 )
-                .map_or(false, |res| res.may_apply())
+                .is_ok_and(|res| res.may_apply())
             });
 
         if is_match {
@@ -2139,13 +2151,11 @@ impl<'tcx> SelectionContext<'_, 'tcx> {
             ty::Adt(def, substs) => {
                 let sized_crit = def.sized_constraint(self.tcx());
                 // (*) binder moved here
-                Where(obligation.predicate.rebind({
-                    sized_crit
-                        .0
-                        .iter()
-                        .map(|ty| sized_crit.rebind(*ty).subst(self.tcx(), substs))
-                        .collect()
-                }))
+                Where(
+                    obligation
+                        .predicate
+                        .rebind(sized_crit.subst_iter_copied(self.tcx(), substs).collect()),
+                )
             }
 
             ty::Alias(..) | ty::Param(_) | ty::Placeholder(..) => None,
@@ -2647,14 +2657,19 @@ impl<'tcx> SelectionContext<'_, 'tcx> {
         let predicates = predicates.instantiate_own(tcx, substs);
         let mut obligations = Vec::with_capacity(predicates.len());
         for (index, (predicate, span)) in predicates.into_iter().enumerate() {
-            let cause = cause.clone().derived_cause(parent_trait_pred, |derived| {
-                ImplDerivedObligation(Box::new(ImplDerivedObligationCause {
-                    derived,
-                    impl_or_alias_def_id: def_id,
-                    impl_def_predicate_index: Some(index),
-                    span,
-                }))
-            });
+            let cause =
+                if Some(parent_trait_pred.def_id()) == tcx.lang_items().coerce_unsized_trait() {
+                    cause.clone()
+                } else {
+                    cause.clone().derived_cause(parent_trait_pred, |derived| {
+                        ImplDerivedObligation(Box::new(ImplDerivedObligationCause {
+                            derived,
+                            impl_or_alias_def_id: def_id,
+                            impl_def_predicate_index: Some(index),
+                            span,
+                        }))
+                    })
+                };
             let predicate = normalize_with_depth_to(
                 self,
                 param_env,
@@ -3014,7 +3029,7 @@ fn bind_generator_hidden_types_above<'tcx>(
                             kind: ty::BrAnon(None),
                         };
                         counter += 1;
-                        tcx.mk_re_late_bound(current_depth, br)
+                        ty::Region::new_late_bound(tcx, current_depth, br)
                     }
                     r => bug!("unexpected region: {r:?}"),
                 })
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/structural_normalize.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/structural_normalize.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..af8dd0da579
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/structural_normalize.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+use rustc_infer::infer::at::At;
+use rustc_infer::infer::type_variable::{TypeVariableOrigin, TypeVariableOriginKind};
+use rustc_infer::traits::{FulfillmentError, TraitEngine};
+use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty};
+
+use crate::traits::{query::evaluate_obligation::InferCtxtExt, NormalizeExt, Obligation};
+
+pub trait StructurallyNormalizeExt<'tcx> {
+    fn structurally_normalize(
+        &self,
+        ty: Ty<'tcx>,
+        fulfill_cx: &mut dyn TraitEngine<'tcx>,
+    ) -> Result<Ty<'tcx>, Vec<FulfillmentError<'tcx>>>;
+}
+
+impl<'tcx> StructurallyNormalizeExt<'tcx> for At<'_, 'tcx> {
+    fn structurally_normalize(
+        &self,
+        mut ty: Ty<'tcx>,
+        fulfill_cx: &mut dyn TraitEngine<'tcx>,
+    ) -> Result<Ty<'tcx>, Vec<FulfillmentError<'tcx>>> {
+        assert!(!ty.is_ty_var(), "should have resolved vars before calling");
+
+        if self.infcx.tcx.trait_solver_next() {
+            while let ty::Alias(ty::Projection, projection_ty) = *ty.kind() {
+                let new_infer_ty = self.infcx.next_ty_var(TypeVariableOrigin {
+                    kind: TypeVariableOriginKind::NormalizeProjectionType,
+                    span: self.cause.span,
+                });
+                let obligation = Obligation::new(
+                    self.infcx.tcx,
+                    self.cause.clone(),
+                    self.param_env,
+                    ty::Binder::dummy(ty::ProjectionPredicate {
+                        projection_ty,
+                        term: new_infer_ty.into(),
+                    }),
+                );
+                if self.infcx.predicate_may_hold(&obligation) {
+                    fulfill_cx.register_predicate_obligation(self.infcx, obligation);
+                    let errors = fulfill_cx.select_where_possible(self.infcx);
+                    if !errors.is_empty() {
+                        return Err(errors);
+                    }
+                    ty = self.infcx.resolve_vars_if_possible(new_infer_ty);
+                } else {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            Ok(ty)
+        } else {
+            Ok(self.normalize(ty).into_value_registering_obligations(self.infcx, fulfill_cx))
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/util.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/util.rs
index 82f3df40198..e2c9c62512e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/util.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/util.rs
@@ -41,7 +41,12 @@ impl<'tcx> TraitAliasExpansionInfo<'tcx> {
 
     /// Adds diagnostic labels to `diag` for the expansion path of a trait through all intermediate
     /// trait aliases.
-    pub fn label_with_exp_info(&self, diag: &mut Diagnostic, top_label: &str, use_desc: &str) {
+    pub fn label_with_exp_info(
+        &self,
+        diag: &mut Diagnostic,
+        top_label: &'static str,
+        use_desc: &str,
+    ) {
         diag.span_label(self.top().1, top_label);
         if self.path.len() > 1 {
             for (_, sp) in self.path.iter().rev().skip(1).take(self.path.len() - 2) {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/vtable.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/vtable.rs
index f7a3126b4aa..cc674ceee3d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/vtable.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/vtable.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc_hir::lang_items::LangItem;
 use rustc_infer::traits::util::PredicateSet;
 use rustc_infer::traits::ImplSource;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::visit::TypeVisitableExt;
 use rustc_middle::ty::InternalSubsts;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, GenericParamDefKind, ToPredicate, Ty, TyCtxt, VtblEntry};
@@ -379,8 +380,8 @@ pub(crate) fn count_own_vtable_entries<'tcx>(
     tcx.own_existential_vtable_entries(trait_ref.def_id()).len()
 }
 
-pub(super) fn provide(providers: &mut ty::query::Providers) {
-    *providers = ty::query::Providers {
+pub(super) fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
+    *providers = Providers {
         own_existential_vtable_entries,
         vtable_entries,
         vtable_trait_upcasting_coercion_new_vptr_slot,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_traits/src/chalk/db.rs b/compiler/rustc_traits/src/chalk/db.rs
index c319b2e31c7..38f94c38861 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_traits/src/chalk/db.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_traits/src/chalk/db.rs
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ impl<'tcx> chalk_solve::RustIrDatabase<RustInterner<'tcx>> for RustIrDatabase<'t
         };
         Arc::new(chalk_solve::rust_ir::FnDefDatum {
             id: fn_def_id,
-            sig: sig.0.lower_into(self.interner),
+            sig: sig.skip_binder().lower_into(self.interner),
             binders: chalk_ir::Binders::new(binders, bound),
         })
     }
@@ -727,7 +727,7 @@ fn bound_vars_for_item(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> SubstsRef<'_> {
                 var: ty::BoundVar::from_usize(substs.len()),
                 kind: ty::BrAnon(None),
             };
-            tcx.mk_re_late_bound(ty::INNERMOST, br).into()
+            ty::Region::new_late_bound(tcx, ty::INNERMOST, br).into()
         }
 
         ty::GenericParamDefKind::Const { .. } => tcx
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_traits/src/chalk/lowering.rs b/compiler/rustc_traits/src/chalk/lowering.rs
index 2f9e480d8bd..e6c6e0f13df 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_traits/src/chalk/lowering.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_traits/src/chalk/lowering.rs
@@ -542,7 +542,8 @@ impl<'tcx> LowerInto<'tcx, Region<'tcx>> for &chalk_ir::Lifetime<RustInterner<'t
     fn lower_into(self, interner: RustInterner<'tcx>) -> Region<'tcx> {
         let tcx = interner.tcx;
         match self.data(interner) {
-            chalk_ir::LifetimeData::BoundVar(var) => tcx.mk_re_late_bound(
+            chalk_ir::LifetimeData::BoundVar(var) => ty::Region::new_late_bound(
+                tcx,
                 ty::DebruijnIndex::from_u32(var.debruijn.depth()),
                 ty::BoundRegion {
                     var: ty::BoundVar::from_usize(var.index),
@@ -550,13 +551,16 @@ impl<'tcx> LowerInto<'tcx, Region<'tcx>> for &chalk_ir::Lifetime<RustInterner<'t
                 },
             ),
             chalk_ir::LifetimeData::InferenceVar(_var) => unimplemented!(),
-            chalk_ir::LifetimeData::Placeholder(p) => tcx.mk_re_placeholder(ty::Placeholder {
-                universe: ty::UniverseIndex::from_usize(p.ui.counter),
-                bound: ty::BoundRegion {
-                    var: ty::BoundVar::from_usize(p.idx),
-                    kind: ty::BoundRegionKind::BrAnon(None),
+            chalk_ir::LifetimeData::Placeholder(p) => ty::Region::new_placeholder(
+                tcx,
+                ty::Placeholder {
+                    universe: ty::UniverseIndex::from_usize(p.ui.counter),
+                    bound: ty::BoundRegion {
+                        var: ty::BoundVar::from_usize(p.idx),
+                        kind: ty::BoundRegionKind::BrAnon(None),
+                    },
                 },
-            }),
+            ),
             chalk_ir::LifetimeData::Static => tcx.lifetimes.re_static,
             chalk_ir::LifetimeData::Erased => tcx.lifetimes.re_erased,
             chalk_ir::LifetimeData::Phantom(void, _) => match *void {},
@@ -679,7 +683,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LowerInto<'tcx, Option<chalk_ir::QuantifiedWhereClause<RustInterner<'
             | ty::PredicateKind::ConstEquate(..)
             | ty::PredicateKind::Ambiguous
             | ty::PredicateKind::TypeWellFormedFromEnv(..) => {
-                bug!("unexpected predicate {}", &self)
+                bug!("unexpected predicate {self}")
             }
         };
         value.map(|value| chalk_ir::Binders::new(binders, value))
@@ -1051,7 +1055,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeFolder<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for NamedBoundVarSubstitutor<'a, 'tcx> {
                 ty::BrNamed(def_id, _name) => match self.named_parameters.get(&def_id) {
                     Some(_) => {
                         let new_br = ty::BoundRegion { var: br.var, kind: ty::BrAnon(None) };
-                        return self.tcx.mk_re_late_bound(index, new_br);
+                        return ty::Region::new_late_bound(self.tcx, index, new_br);
                     }
                     None => panic!("Missing `BrNamed`."),
                 },
@@ -1142,7 +1146,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeFolder<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for ParamsSubstitutor<'tcx> {
                         var: ty::BoundVar::from_u32(*idx),
                         kind: ty::BrAnon(None),
                     };
-                    self.tcx.mk_re_late_bound(self.binder_index, br)
+                    ty::Region::new_late_bound(self.tcx, self.binder_index, br)
                 }
                 None => {
                     let idx = self.named_regions.len() as u32;
@@ -1151,7 +1155,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeFolder<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for ParamsSubstitutor<'tcx> {
                         kind: ty::BrAnon(None),
                     };
                     self.named_regions.insert(_re.def_id, idx);
-                    self.tcx.mk_re_late_bound(self.binder_index, br)
+                    ty::Region::new_late_bound(self.tcx, self.binder_index, br)
                 }
             },
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_traits/src/chalk/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_traits/src/chalk/mod.rs
index a5ebc26a8bc..8834449c9a4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_traits/src/chalk/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_traits/src/chalk/mod.rs
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ pub(crate) mod db;
 pub(crate) mod lowering;
 
 use rustc_middle::infer::canonical::{CanonicalTyVarKind, CanonicalVarKind};
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::traits::ChalkRustInterner;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, TyCtxt, TypeFoldable, TypeVisitable};
 
 use rustc_infer::infer::canonical::{
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_traits/src/codegen.rs b/compiler/rustc_traits/src/codegen.rs
index 6f81d343e0f..ddba03b0b12 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_traits/src/codegen.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_traits/src/codegen.rs
@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
 // seems likely that they should eventually be merged into more
 // general routines.
 
-use rustc_infer::infer::{DefiningAnchor, TyCtxtInferExt};
+use rustc_infer::infer::TyCtxtInferExt;
 use rustc_infer::traits::{FulfillmentErrorCode, TraitEngineExt as _};
-use rustc_middle::traits::CodegenObligationError;
+use rustc_middle::traits::{CodegenObligationError, DefiningAnchor};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::error_reporting::TypeErrCtxtExt;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::{
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_traits/src/dropck_outlives.rs b/compiler/rustc_traits/src/dropck_outlives.rs
index fcdffc7468b..f35c14eeac8 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_traits/src/dropck_outlives.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_traits/src/dropck_outlives.rs
@@ -2,18 +2,15 @@ use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashSet;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc_infer::infer::canonical::{Canonical, QueryResponse};
 use rustc_infer::infer::TyCtxtInferExt;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::traits::query::{DropckConstraint, DropckOutlivesResult};
 use rustc_middle::ty::InternalSubsts;
-use rustc_middle::ty::{self, EarlyBinder, ParamEnvAnd, Ty, TyCtxt};
-use rustc_span::source_map::{Span, DUMMY_SP};
+use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
 use rustc_trait_selection::infer::InferCtxtBuilderExt;
-use rustc_trait_selection::traits::query::dropck_outlives::trivial_dropck_outlives;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::query::dropck_outlives::{
-    DropckConstraint, DropckOutlivesResult,
+    compute_dropck_outlives_inner, dtorck_constraint_for_ty_inner,
 };
-use rustc_trait_selection::traits::query::normalize::QueryNormalizeExt;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::query::{CanonicalTyGoal, NoSolution};
-use rustc_trait_selection::traits::{Normalized, ObligationCause};
 
 pub(crate) fn provide(p: &mut Providers) {
     *p = Providers { dropck_outlives, adt_dtorck_constraint, ..*p };
@@ -26,263 +23,10 @@ fn dropck_outlives<'tcx>(
     debug!("dropck_outlives(goal={:#?})", canonical_goal);
 
     tcx.infer_ctxt().enter_canonical_trait_query(&canonical_goal, |ocx, goal| {
-        let tcx = ocx.infcx.tcx;
-        let ParamEnvAnd { param_env, value: for_ty } = goal;
-
-        let mut result = DropckOutlivesResult { kinds: vec![], overflows: vec![] };
-
-        // A stack of types left to process. Each round, we pop
-        // something from the stack and invoke
-        // `dtorck_constraint_for_ty`. This may produce new types that
-        // have to be pushed on the stack. This continues until we have explored
-        // all the reachable types from the type `for_ty`.
-        //
-        // Example: Imagine that we have the following code:
-        //
-        // ```rust
-        // struct A {
-        //     value: B,
-        //     children: Vec<A>,
-        // }
-        //
-        // struct B {
-        //     value: u32
-        // }
-        //
-        // fn f() {
-        //   let a: A = ...;
-        //   ..
-        // } // here, `a` is dropped
-        // ```
-        //
-        // at the point where `a` is dropped, we need to figure out
-        // which types inside of `a` contain region data that may be
-        // accessed by any destructors in `a`. We begin by pushing `A`
-        // onto the stack, as that is the type of `a`. We will then
-        // invoke `dtorck_constraint_for_ty` which will expand `A`
-        // into the types of its fields `(B, Vec<A>)`. These will get
-        // pushed onto the stack. Eventually, expanding `Vec<A>` will
-        // lead to us trying to push `A` a second time -- to prevent
-        // infinite recursion, we notice that `A` was already pushed
-        // once and stop.
-        let mut ty_stack = vec![(for_ty, 0)];
-
-        // Set used to detect infinite recursion.
-        let mut ty_set = FxHashSet::default();
-
-        let cause = ObligationCause::dummy();
-        let mut constraints = DropckConstraint::empty();
-        while let Some((ty, depth)) = ty_stack.pop() {
-            debug!(
-                "{} kinds, {} overflows, {} ty_stack",
-                result.kinds.len(),
-                result.overflows.len(),
-                ty_stack.len()
-            );
-            dtorck_constraint_for_ty(tcx, DUMMY_SP, for_ty, depth, ty, &mut constraints)?;
-
-            // "outlives" represent types/regions that may be touched
-            // by a destructor.
-            result.kinds.append(&mut constraints.outlives);
-            result.overflows.append(&mut constraints.overflows);
-
-            // If we have even one overflow, we should stop trying to evaluate further --
-            // chances are, the subsequent overflows for this evaluation won't provide useful
-            // information and will just decrease the speed at which we can emit these errors
-            // (since we'll be printing for just that much longer for the often enormous types
-            // that result here).
-            if !result.overflows.is_empty() {
-                break;
-            }
-
-            // dtorck types are "types that will get dropped but which
-            // do not themselves define a destructor", more or less. We have
-            // to push them onto the stack to be expanded.
-            for ty in constraints.dtorck_types.drain(..) {
-                let Normalized { value: ty, obligations } =
-                    ocx.infcx.at(&cause, param_env).query_normalize(ty)?;
-                ocx.register_obligations(obligations);
-
-                debug!("dropck_outlives: ty from dtorck_types = {:?}", ty);
-
-                match ty.kind() {
-                    // All parameters live for the duration of the
-                    // function.
-                    ty::Param(..) => {}
-
-                    // A projection that we couldn't resolve - it
-                    // might have a destructor.
-                    ty::Alias(..) => {
-                        result.kinds.push(ty.into());
-                    }
-
-                    _ => {
-                        if ty_set.insert(ty) {
-                            ty_stack.push((ty, depth + 1));
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        debug!("dropck_outlives: result = {:#?}", result);
-        Ok(result)
+        compute_dropck_outlives_inner(ocx, goal)
     })
 }
 
-/// Returns a set of constraints that needs to be satisfied in
-/// order for `ty` to be valid for destruction.
-fn dtorck_constraint_for_ty<'tcx>(
-    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-    span: Span,
-    for_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
-    depth: usize,
-    ty: Ty<'tcx>,
-    constraints: &mut DropckConstraint<'tcx>,
-) -> Result<(), NoSolution> {
-    debug!("dtorck_constraint_for_ty({:?}, {:?}, {:?}, {:?})", span, for_ty, depth, ty);
-
-    if !tcx.recursion_limit().value_within_limit(depth) {
-        constraints.overflows.push(ty);
-        return Ok(());
-    }
-
-    if trivial_dropck_outlives(tcx, ty) {
-        return Ok(());
-    }
-
-    match ty.kind() {
-        ty::Bool
-        | ty::Char
-        | ty::Int(_)
-        | ty::Uint(_)
-        | ty::Float(_)
-        | ty::Str
-        | ty::Never
-        | ty::Foreign(..)
-        | ty::RawPtr(..)
-        | ty::Ref(..)
-        | ty::FnDef(..)
-        | ty::FnPtr(_)
-        | ty::GeneratorWitness(..)
-        | ty::GeneratorWitnessMIR(..) => {
-            // these types never have a destructor
-        }
-
-        ty::Array(ety, _) | ty::Slice(ety) => {
-            // single-element containers, behave like their element
-            rustc_data_structures::stack::ensure_sufficient_stack(|| {
-                dtorck_constraint_for_ty(tcx, span, for_ty, depth + 1, *ety, constraints)
-            })?;
-        }
-
-        ty::Tuple(tys) => rustc_data_structures::stack::ensure_sufficient_stack(|| {
-            for ty in tys.iter() {
-                dtorck_constraint_for_ty(tcx, span, for_ty, depth + 1, ty, constraints)?;
-            }
-            Ok::<_, NoSolution>(())
-        })?,
-
-        ty::Closure(_, substs) => {
-            if !substs.as_closure().is_valid() {
-                // By the time this code runs, all type variables ought to
-                // be fully resolved.
-
-                tcx.sess.delay_span_bug(
-                    span,
-                    format!("upvar_tys for closure not found. Expected capture information for closure {ty}",),
-                );
-                return Err(NoSolution);
-            }
-
-            rustc_data_structures::stack::ensure_sufficient_stack(|| {
-                for ty in substs.as_closure().upvar_tys() {
-                    dtorck_constraint_for_ty(tcx, span, for_ty, depth + 1, ty, constraints)?;
-                }
-                Ok::<_, NoSolution>(())
-            })?
-        }
-
-        ty::Generator(_, substs, _movability) => {
-            // rust-lang/rust#49918: types can be constructed, stored
-            // in the interior, and sit idle when generator yields
-            // (and is subsequently dropped).
-            //
-            // It would be nice to descend into interior of a
-            // generator to determine what effects dropping it might
-            // have (by looking at any drop effects associated with
-            // its interior).
-            //
-            // However, the interior's representation uses things like
-            // GeneratorWitness that explicitly assume they are not
-            // traversed in such a manner. So instead, we will
-            // simplify things for now by treating all generators as
-            // if they were like trait objects, where its upvars must
-            // all be alive for the generator's (potential)
-            // destructor.
-            //
-            // In particular, skipping over `_interior` is safe
-            // because any side-effects from dropping `_interior` can
-            // only take place through references with lifetimes
-            // derived from lifetimes attached to the upvars and resume
-            // argument, and we *do* incorporate those here.
-
-            if !substs.as_generator().is_valid() {
-                // By the time this code runs, all type variables ought to
-                // be fully resolved.
-                tcx.sess.delay_span_bug(
-                    span,
-                    format!("upvar_tys for generator not found. Expected capture information for generator {ty}",),
-                );
-                return Err(NoSolution);
-            }
-
-            constraints.outlives.extend(
-                substs
-                    .as_generator()
-                    .upvar_tys()
-                    .map(|t| -> ty::subst::GenericArg<'tcx> { t.into() }),
-            );
-            constraints.outlives.push(substs.as_generator().resume_ty().into());
-        }
-
-        ty::Adt(def, substs) => {
-            let DropckConstraint { dtorck_types, outlives, overflows } =
-                tcx.at(span).adt_dtorck_constraint(def.did())?;
-            // FIXME: we can try to recursively `dtorck_constraint_on_ty`
-            // there, but that needs some way to handle cycles.
-            constraints
-                .dtorck_types
-                .extend(dtorck_types.iter().map(|t| EarlyBinder(*t).subst(tcx, substs)));
-            constraints
-                .outlives
-                .extend(outlives.iter().map(|t| EarlyBinder(*t).subst(tcx, substs)));
-            constraints
-                .overflows
-                .extend(overflows.iter().map(|t| EarlyBinder(*t).subst(tcx, substs)));
-        }
-
-        // Objects must be alive in order for their destructor
-        // to be called.
-        ty::Dynamic(..) => {
-            constraints.outlives.push(ty.into());
-        }
-
-        // Types that can't be resolved. Pass them forward.
-        ty::Alias(..) | ty::Param(..) => {
-            constraints.dtorck_types.push(ty);
-        }
-
-        ty::Placeholder(..) | ty::Bound(..) | ty::Infer(..) | ty::Error(_) => {
-            // By the time this code runs, all type variables ought to
-            // be fully resolved.
-            return Err(NoSolution);
-        }
-    }
-
-    Ok(())
-}
-
 /// Calculates the dtorck constraint for a type.
 pub(crate) fn adt_dtorck_constraint(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'_>,
@@ -311,7 +55,7 @@ pub(crate) fn adt_dtorck_constraint(
     let mut result = DropckConstraint::empty();
     for field in def.all_fields() {
         let fty = tcx.type_of(field.did).subst_identity();
-        dtorck_constraint_for_ty(tcx, span, fty, 0, fty, &mut result)?;
+        dtorck_constraint_for_ty_inner(tcx, span, fty, 0, fty, &mut result)?;
     }
     result.outlives.extend(tcx.destructor_constraints(def));
     dedup_dtorck_constraint(&mut result);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_traits/src/evaluate_obligation.rs b/compiler/rustc_traits/src/evaluate_obligation.rs
index e94c8efe69a..f5b2753b797 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_traits/src/evaluate_obligation.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_traits/src/evaluate_obligation.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-use rustc_infer::infer::{DefiningAnchor, TyCtxtInferExt};
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_infer::infer::TyCtxtInferExt;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::traits::DefiningAnchor;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{ParamEnvAnd, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_span::source_map::DUMMY_SP;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::query::CanonicalPredicateGoal;
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@ fn evaluate_obligation<'tcx>(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
     canonical_goal: CanonicalPredicateGoal<'tcx>,
 ) -> Result<EvaluationResult, OverflowError> {
+    assert!(!tcx.trait_solver_next());
     debug!("evaluate_obligation(canonical_goal={:#?})", canonical_goal);
     // HACK This bubble is required for this tests to pass:
     // impl-trait/issue99642.rs
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_traits/src/implied_outlives_bounds.rs b/compiler/rustc_traits/src/implied_outlives_bounds.rs
index f5bba14d2fb..959838ab348 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_traits/src/implied_outlives_bounds.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_traits/src/implied_outlives_bounds.rs
@@ -3,18 +3,13 @@
 //! [`rustc_trait_selection::traits::query::type_op::implied_outlives_bounds`].
 
 use rustc_infer::infer::canonical::{self, Canonical};
-use rustc_infer::infer::outlives::components::{push_outlives_components, Component};
 use rustc_infer::infer::TyCtxtInferExt;
 use rustc_infer::traits::query::OutlivesBound;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
-use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeVisitableExt};
-use rustc_span::def_id::CRATE_DEF_ID;
-use rustc_span::source_map::DUMMY_SP;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
 use rustc_trait_selection::infer::InferCtxtBuilderExt;
-use rustc_trait_selection::traits::query::{CanonicalTyGoal, Fallible, NoSolution};
-use rustc_trait_selection::traits::wf;
-use rustc_trait_selection::traits::ObligationCtxt;
-use smallvec::{smallvec, SmallVec};
+use rustc_trait_selection::traits::query::type_op::implied_outlives_bounds::compute_implied_outlives_bounds_inner;
+use rustc_trait_selection::traits::query::{CanonicalTyGoal, NoSolution};
 
 pub(crate) fn provide(p: &mut Providers) {
     *p = Providers { implied_outlives_bounds, ..*p };
@@ -29,164 +24,6 @@ fn implied_outlives_bounds<'tcx>(
 > {
     tcx.infer_ctxt().enter_canonical_trait_query(&goal, |ocx, key| {
         let (param_env, ty) = key.into_parts();
-        compute_implied_outlives_bounds(ocx, param_env, ty)
+        compute_implied_outlives_bounds_inner(ocx, param_env, ty)
     })
 }
-
-fn compute_implied_outlives_bounds<'tcx>(
-    ocx: &ObligationCtxt<'_, 'tcx>,
-    param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
-    ty: Ty<'tcx>,
-) -> Fallible<Vec<OutlivesBound<'tcx>>> {
-    let tcx = ocx.infcx.tcx;
-
-    // Sometimes when we ask what it takes for T: WF, we get back that
-    // U: WF is required; in that case, we push U onto this stack and
-    // process it next. Because the resulting predicates aren't always
-    // guaranteed to be a subset of the original type, so we need to store the
-    // WF args we've computed in a set.
-    let mut checked_wf_args = rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashSet::default();
-    let mut wf_args = vec![ty.into()];
-
-    let mut outlives_bounds: Vec<ty::OutlivesPredicate<ty::GenericArg<'tcx>, ty::Region<'tcx>>> =
-        vec![];
-
-    while let Some(arg) = wf_args.pop() {
-        if !checked_wf_args.insert(arg) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        // Compute the obligations for `arg` to be well-formed. If `arg` is
-        // an unresolved inference variable, just substituted an empty set
-        // -- because the return type here is going to be things we *add*
-        // to the environment, it's always ok for this set to be smaller
-        // than the ultimate set. (Note: normally there won't be
-        // unresolved inference variables here anyway, but there might be
-        // during typeck under some circumstances.)
-        //
-        // FIXME(@lcnr): It's not really "always fine", having fewer implied
-        // bounds can be backward incompatible, e.g. #101951 was caused by
-        // us not dealing with inference vars in `TypeOutlives` predicates.
-        let obligations = wf::obligations(ocx.infcx, param_env, CRATE_DEF_ID, 0, arg, DUMMY_SP)
-            .unwrap_or_default();
-
-        for obligation in obligations {
-            debug!(?obligation);
-            assert!(!obligation.has_escaping_bound_vars());
-
-            // While these predicates should all be implied by other parts of
-            // the program, they are still relevant as they may constrain
-            // inference variables, which is necessary to add the correct
-            // implied bounds in some cases, mostly when dealing with projections.
-            //
-            // Another important point here: we only register `Projection`
-            // predicates, since otherwise we might register outlives
-            // predicates containing inference variables, and we don't
-            // learn anything new from those.
-            if obligation.predicate.has_non_region_infer() {
-                match obligation.predicate.kind().skip_binder() {
-                    ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Projection(..))
-                    | ty::PredicateKind::AliasRelate(..) => {
-                        ocx.register_obligation(obligation.clone());
-                    }
-                    _ => {}
-                }
-            }
-
-            let pred = match obligation.predicate.kind().no_bound_vars() {
-                None => continue,
-                Some(pred) => pred,
-            };
-            match pred {
-                ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Trait(..))
-                // FIXME(const_generics): Make sure that `<'a, 'b, const N: &'a &'b u32>` is sound
-                // if we ever support that
-                | ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::ConstArgHasType(..))
-                | ty::PredicateKind::Subtype(..)
-                | ty::PredicateKind::Coerce(..)
-                | ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Projection(..))
-                | ty::PredicateKind::ClosureKind(..)
-                | ty::PredicateKind::ObjectSafe(..)
-                | ty::PredicateKind::ConstEvaluatable(..)
-                | ty::PredicateKind::ConstEquate(..)
-                | ty::PredicateKind::Ambiguous
-                | ty::PredicateKind::AliasRelate(..)
-                | ty::PredicateKind::TypeWellFormedFromEnv(..) => {}
-
-                // We need to search through *all* WellFormed predicates
-                ty::PredicateKind::WellFormed(arg) => {
-                    wf_args.push(arg);
-                }
-
-                // We need to register region relationships
-                ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::RegionOutlives(ty::OutlivesPredicate(
-                    r_a,
-                    r_b,
-                ))) => outlives_bounds.push(ty::OutlivesPredicate(r_a.into(), r_b)),
-
-                ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::TypeOutlives(ty::OutlivesPredicate(
-                    ty_a,
-                    r_b,
-                ))) => outlives_bounds.push(ty::OutlivesPredicate(ty_a.into(), r_b)),
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    // This call to `select_all_or_error` is necessary to constrain inference variables, which we
-    // use further down when computing the implied bounds.
-    match ocx.select_all_or_error().as_slice() {
-        [] => (),
-        _ => return Err(NoSolution),
-    }
-
-    // We lazily compute the outlives components as
-    // `select_all_or_error` constrains inference variables.
-    let implied_bounds = outlives_bounds
-        .into_iter()
-        .flat_map(|ty::OutlivesPredicate(a, r_b)| match a.unpack() {
-            ty::GenericArgKind::Lifetime(r_a) => vec![OutlivesBound::RegionSubRegion(r_b, r_a)],
-            ty::GenericArgKind::Type(ty_a) => {
-                let ty_a = ocx.infcx.resolve_vars_if_possible(ty_a);
-                let mut components = smallvec![];
-                push_outlives_components(tcx, ty_a, &mut components);
-                implied_bounds_from_components(r_b, components)
-            }
-            ty::GenericArgKind::Const(_) => unreachable!(),
-        })
-        .collect();
-
-    Ok(implied_bounds)
-}
-
-/// When we have an implied bound that `T: 'a`, we can further break
-/// this down to determine what relationships would have to hold for
-/// `T: 'a` to hold. We get to assume that the caller has validated
-/// those relationships.
-fn implied_bounds_from_components<'tcx>(
-    sub_region: ty::Region<'tcx>,
-    sup_components: SmallVec<[Component<'tcx>; 4]>,
-) -> Vec<OutlivesBound<'tcx>> {
-    sup_components
-        .into_iter()
-        .filter_map(|component| {
-            match component {
-                Component::Region(r) => Some(OutlivesBound::RegionSubRegion(sub_region, r)),
-                Component::Param(p) => Some(OutlivesBound::RegionSubParam(sub_region, p)),
-                Component::Alias(p) => Some(OutlivesBound::RegionSubAlias(sub_region, p)),
-                Component::EscapingAlias(_) =>
-                // If the projection has escaping regions, don't
-                // try to infer any implied bounds even for its
-                // free components. This is conservative, because
-                // the caller will still have to prove that those
-                // free components outlive `sub_region`. But the
-                // idea is that the WAY that the caller proves
-                // that may change in the future and we want to
-                // give ourselves room to get smarter here.
-                {
-                    None
-                }
-                Component::UnresolvedInferenceVariable(..) => None,
-            }
-        })
-        .collect()
-}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_traits/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_traits/src/lib.rs
index 8bea5588ae7..907e2d39c51 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_traits/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_traits/src/lib.rs
@@ -21,9 +21,10 @@ mod normalize_erasing_regions;
 mod normalize_projection_ty;
 mod type_op;
 
-pub use type_op::{type_op_ascribe_user_type_with_span, type_op_prove_predicate_with_cause};
+pub use rustc_trait_selection::traits::query::type_op::ascribe_user_type::type_op_ascribe_user_type_with_span;
+pub use type_op::type_op_prove_predicate_with_cause;
 
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 
 pub fn provide(p: &mut Providers) {
     dropck_outlives::provide(p);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_traits/src/normalize_erasing_regions.rs b/compiler/rustc_traits/src/normalize_erasing_regions.rs
index 5da0f16c2bf..94c33efaeff 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_traits/src/normalize_erasing_regions.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_traits/src/normalize_erasing_regions.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use rustc_infer::infer::TyCtxtInferExt;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::traits::query::NoSolution;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, ParamEnvAnd, TyCtxt, TypeFoldable, TypeVisitableExt};
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::query::normalize::QueryNormalizeExt;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::{Normalized, ObligationCause};
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_traits/src/normalize_projection_ty.rs b/compiler/rustc_traits/src/normalize_projection_ty.rs
index 36d80a06ee7..b552ba41acd 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_traits/src/normalize_projection_ty.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_traits/src/normalize_projection_ty.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use rustc_infer::infer::canonical::{Canonical, QueryResponse};
 use rustc_infer::infer::TyCtxtInferExt;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{ParamEnvAnd, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_trait_selection::infer::InferCtxtBuilderExt;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::query::{
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_traits/src/type_op.rs b/compiler/rustc_traits/src/type_op.rs
index 19622112f2a..9904acb1c0d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_traits/src/type_op.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_traits/src/type_op.rs
@@ -1,21 +1,19 @@
-use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_infer::infer::canonical::{Canonical, QueryResponse};
-use rustc_infer::infer::{DefiningAnchor, TyCtxtInferExt};
-use rustc_infer::traits::ObligationCauseCode;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
-use rustc_middle::ty::{self, FnSig, Lift, PolyFnSig, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeFoldable};
+use rustc_infer::infer::TyCtxtInferExt;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::traits::query::NoSolution;
+use rustc_middle::traits::DefiningAnchor;
+use rustc_middle::ty::{FnSig, Lift, PolyFnSig, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeFoldable};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{ParamEnvAnd, Predicate};
-use rustc_middle::ty::{UserSelfTy, UserSubsts, UserType};
-use rustc_span::def_id::CRATE_DEF_ID;
-use rustc_span::{Span, DUMMY_SP};
 use rustc_trait_selection::infer::InferCtxtBuilderExt;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::query::normalize::QueryNormalizeExt;
-use rustc_trait_selection::traits::query::type_op::ascribe_user_type::AscribeUserType;
+use rustc_trait_selection::traits::query::type_op::ascribe_user_type::{
+    type_op_ascribe_user_type_with_span, AscribeUserType,
+};
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::query::type_op::eq::Eq;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::query::type_op::normalize::Normalize;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::query::type_op::prove_predicate::ProvePredicate;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::query::type_op::subtype::Subtype;
-use rustc_trait_selection::traits::query::{Fallible, NoSolution};
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::{Normalized, Obligation, ObligationCause, ObligationCtxt};
 use std::fmt;
 
@@ -42,111 +40,6 @@ fn type_op_ascribe_user_type<'tcx>(
     })
 }
 
-/// The core of the `type_op_ascribe_user_type` query: for diagnostics purposes in NLL HRTB errors,
-/// this query can be re-run to better track the span of the obligation cause, and improve the error
-/// message. Do not call directly unless you're in that very specific context.
-pub fn type_op_ascribe_user_type_with_span<'tcx>(
-    ocx: &ObligationCtxt<'_, 'tcx>,
-    key: ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, AscribeUserType<'tcx>>,
-    span: Option<Span>,
-) -> Result<(), NoSolution> {
-    let (param_env, AscribeUserType { mir_ty, user_ty }) = key.into_parts();
-    debug!("type_op_ascribe_user_type: mir_ty={:?} user_ty={:?}", mir_ty, user_ty);
-    let span = span.unwrap_or(DUMMY_SP);
-    match user_ty {
-        UserType::Ty(user_ty) => relate_mir_and_user_ty(ocx, param_env, span, mir_ty, user_ty)?,
-        UserType::TypeOf(def_id, user_substs) => {
-            relate_mir_and_user_substs(ocx, param_env, span, mir_ty, def_id, user_substs)?
-        }
-    };
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-#[instrument(level = "debug", skip(ocx, param_env, span))]
-fn relate_mir_and_user_ty<'tcx>(
-    ocx: &ObligationCtxt<'_, 'tcx>,
-    param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
-    span: Span,
-    mir_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
-    user_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
-) -> Result<(), NoSolution> {
-    let cause = ObligationCause::dummy_with_span(span);
-    let user_ty = ocx.normalize(&cause, param_env, user_ty);
-    ocx.eq(&cause, param_env, mir_ty, user_ty)?;
-
-    // FIXME(#104764): We should check well-formedness before normalization.
-    let predicate = ty::Binder::dummy(ty::PredicateKind::WellFormed(user_ty.into()));
-    ocx.register_obligation(Obligation::new(ocx.infcx.tcx, cause, param_env, predicate));
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-#[instrument(level = "debug", skip(ocx, param_env, span))]
-fn relate_mir_and_user_substs<'tcx>(
-    ocx: &ObligationCtxt<'_, 'tcx>,
-    param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
-    span: Span,
-    mir_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
-    def_id: hir::def_id::DefId,
-    user_substs: UserSubsts<'tcx>,
-) -> Result<(), NoSolution> {
-    let param_env = param_env.without_const();
-    let UserSubsts { user_self_ty, substs } = user_substs;
-    let tcx = ocx.infcx.tcx;
-    let cause = ObligationCause::dummy_with_span(span);
-
-    let ty = tcx.type_of(def_id).subst(tcx, substs);
-    let ty = ocx.normalize(&cause, param_env, ty);
-    debug!("relate_type_and_user_type: ty of def-id is {:?}", ty);
-
-    ocx.eq(&cause, param_env, mir_ty, ty)?;
-
-    // Prove the predicates coming along with `def_id`.
-    //
-    // Also, normalize the `instantiated_predicates`
-    // because otherwise we wind up with duplicate "type
-    // outlives" error messages.
-    let instantiated_predicates = tcx.predicates_of(def_id).instantiate(tcx, substs);
-
-    debug!(?instantiated_predicates);
-    for (instantiated_predicate, predicate_span) in instantiated_predicates {
-        let span = if span == DUMMY_SP { predicate_span } else { span };
-        let cause = ObligationCause::new(
-            span,
-            CRATE_DEF_ID,
-            ObligationCauseCode::AscribeUserTypeProvePredicate(predicate_span),
-        );
-        let instantiated_predicate =
-            ocx.normalize(&cause.clone(), param_env, instantiated_predicate);
-
-        ocx.register_obligation(Obligation::new(tcx, cause, param_env, instantiated_predicate));
-    }
-
-    if let Some(UserSelfTy { impl_def_id, self_ty }) = user_self_ty {
-        let self_ty = ocx.normalize(&cause, param_env, self_ty);
-        let impl_self_ty = tcx.type_of(impl_def_id).subst(tcx, substs);
-        let impl_self_ty = ocx.normalize(&cause, param_env, impl_self_ty);
-
-        ocx.eq(&cause, param_env, self_ty, impl_self_ty)?;
-        let predicate = ty::Binder::dummy(ty::PredicateKind::WellFormed(impl_self_ty.into()));
-        ocx.register_obligation(Obligation::new(tcx, cause.clone(), param_env, predicate));
-    }
-
-    // In addition to proving the predicates, we have to
-    // prove that `ty` is well-formed -- this is because
-    // the WF of `ty` is predicated on the substs being
-    // well-formed, and we haven't proven *that*. We don't
-    // want to prove the WF of types from  `substs` directly because they
-    // haven't been normalized.
-    //
-    // FIXME(nmatsakis): Well, perhaps we should normalize
-    // them?  This would only be relevant if some input
-    // type were ill-formed but did not appear in `ty`,
-    // which...could happen with normalization...
-    let predicate = ty::Binder::dummy(ty::PredicateKind::WellFormed(ty.into()));
-    ocx.register_obligation(Obligation::new(tcx, cause, param_env, predicate));
-    Ok(())
-}
-
 fn type_op_eq<'tcx>(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
     canonicalized: Canonical<'tcx, ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, Eq<'tcx>>>,
@@ -160,7 +53,7 @@ fn type_op_eq<'tcx>(
 fn type_op_normalize<'tcx, T>(
     ocx: &ObligationCtxt<'_, 'tcx>,
     key: ParamEnvAnd<'tcx, Normalize<T>>,
-) -> Fallible<T>
+) -> Result<T, NoSolution>
 where
     T: fmt::Debug + TypeFoldable<TyCtxt<'tcx>> + Lift<'tcx>,
 {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/messages.ftl
index 15a14112f4a..c416aa52a24 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/messages.ftl
@@ -1,57 +1,65 @@
-ty_utils_needs_drop_overflow = overflow while checking whether `{$query_ty}` requires drop
+ty_utils_address_and_deref_not_supported = dereferencing or taking the address is not supported in generic constants
 
-ty_utils_generic_constant_too_complex = overly complex generic constant
-    .help = consider moving this anonymous constant into a `const` function
-    .maybe_supported = this operation may be supported in the future
+ty_utils_adt_not_supported = struct/enum construction is not supported in generic constants
 
-ty_utils_borrow_not_supported = borrowing is not supported in generic constants
+ty_utils_array_not_supported = array construction is not supported in generic constants
 
-ty_utils_address_and_deref_not_supported = dereferencing or taking the address is not supported in generic constants
+ty_utils_assign_not_supported = assignment is not supported in generic constants
 
-ty_utils_array_not_supported = array construction is not supported in generic constants
+ty_utils_binary_not_supported = unsupported binary operation in generic constants
 
 ty_utils_block_not_supported = blocks are not supported in generic constants
 
-ty_utils_never_to_any_not_supported = coercing the `never` type is not supported in generic constants
-
-ty_utils_tuple_not_supported = tuple construction is not supported in generic constants
+ty_utils_borrow_not_supported = borrowing is not supported in generic constants
 
-ty_utils_index_not_supported = indexing is not supported in generic constants
+ty_utils_box_not_supported = allocations are not allowed in generic constants
 
-ty_utils_field_not_supported = field access is not supported in generic constants
+ty_utils_closure_and_return_not_supported = closures and function keywords are not supported in generic constants
 
 ty_utils_const_block_not_supported = const blocks are not supported in generic constants
 
-ty_utils_adt_not_supported = struct/enum construction is not supported in generic constants
+ty_utils_control_flow_not_supported = control flow is not supported in generic constants
 
-ty_utils_pointer_not_supported = pointer casts are not allowed in generic constants
+ty_utils_field_not_supported = field access is not supported in generic constants
 
-ty_utils_yield_not_supported = generator control flow is not allowed in generic constants
+ty_utils_generic_constant_too_complex = overly complex generic constant
+    .help = consider moving this anonymous constant into a `const` function
+    .maybe_supported = this operation may be supported in the future
 
-ty_utils_loop_not_supported = loops and loop control flow are not supported in generic constants
+ty_utils_impl_trait_duplicate_arg = non-defining opaque type use in defining scope
+    .label = generic argument `{$arg}` used twice
+    .note = for this opaque type
 
-ty_utils_box_not_supported = allocations are not allowed in generic constants
+ty_utils_impl_trait_not_param = non-defining opaque type use in defining scope
+    .label = argument `{$arg}` is not a generic parameter
+    .note = for this opaque type
 
-ty_utils_binary_not_supported = unsupported binary operation in generic constants
+ty_utils_index_not_supported = indexing is not supported in generic constants
+
+ty_utils_inline_asm_not_supported = assembly is not supported in generic constants
 
 ty_utils_logical_op_not_supported = unsupported operation in generic constants, short-circuiting operations would imply control flow
 
-ty_utils_assign_not_supported = assignment is not supported in generic constants
+ty_utils_loop_not_supported = loops and loop control flow are not supported in generic constants
 
-ty_utils_closure_and_return_not_supported = closures and function keywords are not supported in generic constants
+ty_utils_multiple_array_fields_simd_type = monomorphising SIMD type `{$ty}` with more than one array field
 
-ty_utils_control_flow_not_supported = control flow is not supported in generic constants
+ty_utils_needs_drop_overflow = overflow while checking whether `{$query_ty}` requires drop
 
-ty_utils_inline_asm_not_supported = assembly is not supported in generic constants
+ty_utils_never_to_any_not_supported = coercing the `never` type is not supported in generic constants
+
+ty_utils_non_primitive_simd_type = monomorphising SIMD type `{$ty}` with a non-primitive-scalar (integer/float/pointer) element type `{$e_ty}`
 
 ty_utils_operation_not_supported = unsupported operation in generic constants
 
-ty_utils_unexpected_fnptr_associated_item = `FnPtr` trait with unexpected associated item
+ty_utils_oversized_simd_type = monomorphising SIMD type `{$ty}` of length greater than {$max_lanes}
 
-ty_utils_zero_length_simd_type = monomorphising SIMD type `{$ty}` of zero length
+ty_utils_pointer_not_supported = pointer casts are not allowed in generic constants
 
-ty_utils_multiple_array_fields_simd_type = monomorphising SIMD type `{$ty}` with more than one array field
+ty_utils_tuple_not_supported = tuple construction is not supported in generic constants
 
-ty_utils_oversized_simd_type = monomorphising SIMD type `{$ty}` of length greater than {$max_lanes}
+ty_utils_unexpected_fnptr_associated_item = `FnPtr` trait with unexpected associated item
 
-ty_utils_non_primitive_simd_type = monomorphising SIMD type `{$ty}` with a non-primitive-scalar (integer/float/pointer) element type `{$e_ty}`
+ty_utils_yield_not_supported = generator control flow is not allowed in generic constants
+
+ty_utils_zero_length_simd_type = monomorphising SIMD type `{$ty}` of zero length
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/abi.rs b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/abi.rs
index 271284b2d81..5b3ffc9fc36 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/abi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/abi.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::lang_items::LangItem;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::layout::{
     fn_can_unwind, FnAbiError, HasParamEnv, HasTyCtxt, LayoutCx, LayoutOf, TyAndLayout,
 };
@@ -14,8 +15,8 @@ use rustc_target::spec::abi::Abi as SpecAbi;
 
 use std::iter;
 
-pub fn provide(providers: &mut ty::query::Providers) {
-    *providers = ty::query::Providers { fn_abi_of_fn_ptr, fn_abi_of_instance, ..*providers };
+pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
+    *providers = Providers { fn_abi_of_fn_ptr, fn_abi_of_instance, ..*providers };
 }
 
 // NOTE(eddyb) this is private to avoid using it from outside of
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ fn fn_sig_for_fn_abi<'tcx>(
                 var: ty::BoundVar::from_usize(bound_vars.len() - 1),
                 kind: ty::BoundRegionKind::BrEnv,
             };
-            let env_region = tcx.mk_re_late_bound(ty::INNERMOST, br);
+            let env_region = ty::Region::new_late_bound(tcx, ty::INNERMOST, br);
             let env_ty = tcx.closure_env_ty(def_id, substs, env_region).unwrap();
 
             let sig = sig.skip_binder();
@@ -105,7 +106,7 @@ fn fn_sig_for_fn_abi<'tcx>(
                 var: ty::BoundVar::from_usize(bound_vars.len() - 1),
                 kind: ty::BoundRegionKind::BrEnv,
             };
-            let env_ty = tcx.mk_mut_ref(tcx.mk_re_late_bound(ty::INNERMOST, br), ty);
+            let env_ty = tcx.mk_mut_ref(ty::Region::new_late_bound(tcx, ty::INNERMOST, br), ty);
 
             let pin_did = tcx.require_lang_item(LangItem::Pin, None);
             let pin_adt_ref = tcx.adt_def(pin_did);
@@ -237,6 +238,7 @@ fn adjust_for_rust_scalar<'tcx>(
     layout: TyAndLayout<'tcx>,
     offset: Size,
     is_return: bool,
+    drop_target_pointee: Option<Ty<'tcx>>,
 ) {
     // Booleans are always a noundef i1 that needs to be zero-extended.
     if scalar.is_bool() {
@@ -250,14 +252,24 @@ fn adjust_for_rust_scalar<'tcx>(
     }
 
     // Only pointer types handled below.
-    let Scalar::Initialized { value: Pointer(_), valid_range} = scalar else { return };
+    let Scalar::Initialized { value: Pointer(_), valid_range } = scalar else { return };
 
-    if !valid_range.contains(0) {
+    // Set `nonnull` if the validity range excludes zero, or for the argument to `drop_in_place`,
+    // which must be nonnull per its documented safety requirements.
+    if !valid_range.contains(0) || drop_target_pointee.is_some() {
         attrs.set(ArgAttribute::NonNull);
     }
 
     if let Some(pointee) = layout.pointee_info_at(&cx, offset) {
-        if let Some(kind) = pointee.safe {
+        let kind = if let Some(kind) = pointee.safe {
+            Some(kind)
+        } else if let Some(pointee) = drop_target_pointee {
+            // The argument to `drop_in_place` is semantically equivalent to a mutable reference.
+            Some(PointerKind::MutableRef { unpin: pointee.is_unpin(cx.tcx, cx.param_env()) })
+        } else {
+            None
+        };
+        if let Some(kind) = kind {
             attrs.pointee_align = Some(pointee.align);
 
             // `Box` are not necessarily dereferenceable for the entire duration of the function as
@@ -361,10 +373,18 @@ fn fn_abi_new_uncached<'tcx>(
     use SpecAbi::*;
     let rust_abi = matches!(sig.abi, RustIntrinsic | PlatformIntrinsic | Rust | RustCall);
 
+    let is_drop_in_place =
+        fn_def_id.is_some() && fn_def_id == cx.tcx.lang_items().drop_in_place_fn();
+
     let arg_of = |ty: Ty<'tcx>, arg_idx: Option<usize>| -> Result<_, FnAbiError<'tcx>> {
         let span = tracing::debug_span!("arg_of");
         let _entered = span.enter();
         let is_return = arg_idx.is_none();
+        let is_drop_target = is_drop_in_place && arg_idx == Some(0);
+        let drop_target_pointee = is_drop_target.then(|| match ty.kind() {
+            ty::RawPtr(ty::TypeAndMut { ty, .. }) => *ty,
+            _ => bug!("argument to drop_in_place is not a raw ptr: {:?}", ty),
+        });
 
         let layout = cx.layout_of(ty)?;
         let layout = if force_thin_self_ptr && arg_idx == Some(0) {
@@ -378,7 +398,15 @@ fn fn_abi_new_uncached<'tcx>(
 
         let mut arg = ArgAbi::new(cx, layout, |layout, scalar, offset| {
             let mut attrs = ArgAttributes::new();
-            adjust_for_rust_scalar(*cx, &mut attrs, scalar, *layout, offset, is_return);
+            adjust_for_rust_scalar(
+                *cx,
+                &mut attrs,
+                scalar,
+                *layout,
+                offset,
+                is_return,
+                drop_target_pointee,
+            );
             attrs
         });
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/assoc.rs b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/assoc.rs
index 9029ba2a51a..57b4183d336 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/assoc.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/assoc.rs
@@ -4,11 +4,12 @@ use rustc_hir::def::DefKind;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefId, DefIdMap, LocalDefId};
 use rustc_hir::definitions::DefPathData;
 use rustc_hir::intravisit::{self, Visitor};
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, ImplTraitInTraitData, InternalSubsts, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_span::symbol::kw;
 
-pub fn provide(providers: &mut ty::query::Providers) {
-    *providers = ty::query::Providers {
+pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
+    *providers = Providers {
         associated_item,
         associated_item_def_ids,
         associated_items,
@@ -300,7 +301,7 @@ fn associated_type_for_impl_trait_in_trait(
     trait_assoc_ty.impl_defaultness(tcx.impl_defaultness(fn_def_id));
 
     // Copy type_of of the opaque.
-    trait_assoc_ty.type_of(ty::EarlyBinder(tcx.mk_opaque(
+    trait_assoc_ty.type_of(ty::EarlyBinder::bind(tcx.mk_opaque(
         opaque_ty_def_id.to_def_id(),
         InternalSubsts::identity_for_item(tcx, opaque_ty_def_id),
     )));
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/common_traits.rs b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/common_traits.rs
index 3b1abdcb24f..51b908881eb 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/common_traits.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/common_traits.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 use rustc_hir::lang_items::LangItem;
 use rustc_infer::infer::TyCtxtInferExt;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits;
 
@@ -32,12 +33,6 @@ fn is_item_raw<'tcx>(
     traits::type_known_to_meet_bound_modulo_regions(&infcx, param_env, ty, trait_def_id)
 }
 
-pub(crate) fn provide(providers: &mut ty::query::Providers) {
-    *providers = ty::query::Providers {
-        is_copy_raw,
-        is_sized_raw,
-        is_freeze_raw,
-        is_unpin_raw,
-        ..*providers
-    };
+pub(crate) fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
+    *providers = Providers { is_copy_raw, is_sized_raw, is_freeze_raw, is_unpin_raw, ..*providers };
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/consts.rs b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/consts.rs
index 3dd1d056be2..ce77df0df5d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/consts.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/consts.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ use rustc_errors::ErrorGuaranteed;
 use rustc_hir::def::DefKind;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::LocalDefId;
 use rustc_middle::mir::interpret::{LitToConstError, LitToConstInput};
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::thir::visit;
 use rustc_middle::thir::visit::Visitor;
 use rustc_middle::ty::abstract_const::CastKind;
@@ -115,9 +116,7 @@ fn recurse_build<'tcx>(
             let sp = node.span;
             match tcx.at(sp).lit_to_const(LitToConstInput { lit: &lit.node, ty: node.ty, neg }) {
                 Ok(c) => c,
-                Err(LitToConstError::Reported(guar)) => {
-                    tcx.const_error_with_guaranteed(node.ty, guar)
-                }
+                Err(LitToConstError::Reported(guar)) => tcx.const_error(node.ty, guar),
                 Err(LitToConstError::TypeError) => {
                     bug!("encountered type error in lit_to_const")
                 }
@@ -420,9 +419,9 @@ pub fn thir_abstract_const(
 
     let root_span = body.exprs[body_id].span;
 
-    Ok(Some(ty::EarlyBinder(recurse_build(tcx, body, body_id, root_span)?)))
+    Ok(Some(ty::EarlyBinder::bind(recurse_build(tcx, body, body_id, root_span)?)))
 }
 
-pub fn provide(providers: &mut ty::query::Providers) {
-    *providers = ty::query::Providers { destructure_const, thir_abstract_const, ..*providers };
+pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
+    *providers = Providers { destructure_const, thir_abstract_const, ..*providers };
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/errors.rs b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/errors.rs
index 3d3fc50e6e5..553bf40ef3a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/errors.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/errors.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 //! Errors emitted by ty_utils
 
 use rustc_macros::{Diagnostic, Subdiagnostic};
-use rustc_middle::ty::Ty;
+use rustc_middle::ty::{GenericArg, Ty};
 use rustc_span::Span;
 
 #[derive(Diagnostic)]
@@ -100,3 +100,25 @@ pub struct NonPrimitiveSimdType<'tcx> {
     pub ty: Ty<'tcx>,
     pub e_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
 }
+
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(ty_utils_impl_trait_duplicate_arg)]
+pub struct DuplicateArg<'tcx> {
+    pub arg: GenericArg<'tcx>,
+    #[primary_span]
+    #[label]
+    pub span: Span,
+    #[note]
+    pub opaque_span: Span,
+}
+
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(ty_utils_impl_trait_not_param)]
+pub struct NotParam<'tcx> {
+    pub arg: GenericArg<'tcx>,
+    #[primary_span]
+    #[label]
+    pub span: Span,
+    #[note]
+    pub opaque_span: Span,
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/implied_bounds.rs b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/implied_bounds.rs
index 56d6cc28bc8..081be065864 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/implied_bounds.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/implied_bounds.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 use rustc_hir::{def::DefKind, def_id::DefId};
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty, TyCtxt};
 
-pub fn provide(providers: &mut ty::query::Providers) {
-    *providers = ty::query::Providers { assumed_wf_types, ..*providers };
+pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
+    *providers = Providers { assumed_wf_types, ..*providers };
 }
 
 fn assumed_wf_types(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> &ty::List<Ty<'_>> {
@@ -31,6 +32,18 @@ fn assumed_wf_types(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> &ty::List<Ty<'_>> {
             }
         }
         DefKind::AssocConst | DefKind::AssocTy => tcx.assumed_wf_types(tcx.parent(def_id)),
+        DefKind::OpaqueTy => match tcx.def_kind(tcx.parent(def_id)) {
+            DefKind::TyAlias => ty::List::empty(),
+            DefKind::AssocTy => tcx.assumed_wf_types(tcx.parent(def_id)),
+            // Nested opaque types only occur in associated types:
+            // ` type Opaque<T> = impl Trait<&'static T, AssocTy = impl Nested>; `
+            // assumed_wf_types should include those of `Opaque<T>`, `Opaque<T>` itself
+            // and `&'static T`.
+            DefKind::OpaqueTy => bug!("unimplemented implied bounds for neseted opaque types"),
+            def_kind @ _ => {
+                bug!("unimplemented implied bounds for opaque types with parent {def_kind:?}")
+            }
+        },
         DefKind::Mod
         | DefKind::Struct
         | DefKind::Union
@@ -51,7 +64,6 @@ fn assumed_wf_types(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> &ty::List<Ty<'_>> {
         | DefKind::ForeignMod
         | DefKind::AnonConst
         | DefKind::InlineConst
-        | DefKind::OpaqueTy
         | DefKind::ImplTraitPlaceholder
         | DefKind::Field
         | DefKind::LifetimeParam
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/instance.rs b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/instance.rs
index eb3c21163ab..36a20c78fcc 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/instance.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/instance.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 use rustc_errors::ErrorGuaranteed;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc_infer::infer::TyCtxtInferExt;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::traits::CodegenObligationError;
 use rustc_middle::ty::subst::SubstsRef;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Instance, TyCtxt, TypeVisitableExt};
@@ -319,6 +320,6 @@ fn resolve_associated_item<'tcx>(
     })
 }
 
-pub fn provide(providers: &mut ty::query::Providers) {
-    *providers = ty::query::Providers { resolve_instance, ..*providers };
+pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
+    *providers = Providers { resolve_instance, ..*providers };
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/layout.rs b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/layout.rs
index f7c75583f60..7015778e24b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/layout.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/layout.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_index::bit_set::BitSet;
 use rustc_index::{IndexSlice, IndexVec};
 use rustc_middle::mir::{GeneratorLayout, GeneratorSavedLocal};
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::layout::{
     IntegerExt, LayoutCx, LayoutError, LayoutOf, TyAndLayout, MAX_SIMD_LANES,
 };
@@ -22,8 +23,8 @@ use crate::errors::{
 };
 use crate::layout_sanity_check::sanity_check_layout;
 
-pub fn provide(providers: &mut ty::query::Providers) {
-    *providers = ty::query::Providers { layout_of, ..*providers };
+pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
+    *providers = Providers { layout_of, ..*providers };
 }
 
 #[instrument(skip(tcx, query), level = "debug")]
@@ -609,7 +610,7 @@ fn generator_layout<'tcx>(
 ) -> Result<Layout<'tcx>, LayoutError<'tcx>> {
     use SavedLocalEligibility::*;
     let tcx = cx.tcx;
-    let subst_field = |ty: Ty<'tcx>| EarlyBinder(ty).subst(tcx, substs);
+    let subst_field = |ty: Ty<'tcx>| EarlyBinder::bind(ty).subst(tcx, substs);
 
     let Some(info) = tcx.generator_layout(def_id) else {
         return Err(LayoutError::Unknown(ty));
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/lib.rs
index 73a2f6af579..55b8857ed39 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/lib.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ extern crate tracing;
 
 use rustc_errors::{DiagnosticMessage, SubdiagnosticMessage};
 use rustc_fluent_macro::fluent_messages;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 
 mod abi;
 mod assoc;
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ pub mod instance;
 mod layout;
 mod layout_sanity_check;
 mod needs_drop;
+mod opaque_types;
 pub mod representability;
 mod structural_match;
 mod ty;
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@ pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
     implied_bounds::provide(providers);
     layout::provide(providers);
     needs_drop::provide(providers);
+    opaque_types::provide(providers);
     representability::provide(providers);
     ty::provide(providers);
     instance::provide(providers);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/needs_drop.rs b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/needs_drop.rs
index a04f85afb9e..9d593dc5e04 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/needs_drop.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/needs_drop.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashSet;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::subst::SubstsRef;
 use rustc_middle::ty::util::{needs_drop_components, AlwaysRequiresDrop};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, EarlyBinder, Ty, TyCtxt};
@@ -209,7 +210,7 @@ fn drop_tys_helper<'tcx>(
             match subty.kind() {
                 ty::Adt(adt_id, subst) => {
                     for subty in tcx.adt_drop_tys(adt_id.did())? {
-                        vec.push(EarlyBinder(subty).subst(tcx, subst));
+                        vec.push(EarlyBinder::bind(subty).subst(tcx, subst));
                     }
                 }
                 _ => vec.push(subty),
@@ -323,8 +324,8 @@ fn adt_significant_drop_tys(
     .map(|components| tcx.mk_type_list(&components))
 }
 
-pub(crate) fn provide(providers: &mut ty::query::Providers) {
-    *providers = ty::query::Providers {
+pub(crate) fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
+    *providers = Providers {
         needs_drop_raw,
         has_significant_drop_raw,
         adt_drop_tys,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/opaque_types.rs b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/opaque_types.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4e91dd380e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/opaque_types.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashSet;
+use rustc_errors::ErrorGuaranteed;
+use rustc_hir::{def::DefKind, def_id::LocalDefId};
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::ty::util::{CheckRegions, NotUniqueParam};
+use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty, TyCtxt};
+use rustc_middle::ty::{TypeSuperVisitable, TypeVisitable, TypeVisitor};
+use rustc_span::Span;
+use rustc_type_ir::AliasKind;
+use std::ops::ControlFlow;
+
+use crate::errors::{DuplicateArg, NotParam};
+
+struct OpaqueTypeCollector<'tcx> {
+    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+    opaques: Vec<LocalDefId>,
+    /// The `DefId` of the item which we are collecting opaque types for.
+    item: LocalDefId,
+
+    /// Avoid infinite recursion due to recursive declarations.
+    seen: FxHashSet<LocalDefId>,
+}
+
+impl<'tcx> OpaqueTypeCollector<'tcx> {
+    fn collect(
+        tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+        item: LocalDefId,
+        val: ty::Binder<'tcx, impl TypeVisitable<TyCtxt<'tcx>>>,
+    ) -> Vec<LocalDefId> {
+        let mut collector = Self { tcx, opaques: Vec::new(), item, seen: Default::default() };
+        val.skip_binder().visit_with(&mut collector);
+        collector.opaques
+    }
+
+    fn span(&self) -> Span {
+        self.tcx.def_span(self.item)
+    }
+
+    fn parent(&self) -> Option<LocalDefId> {
+        match self.tcx.def_kind(self.item) {
+            DefKind::Fn => None,
+            DefKind::AssocFn | DefKind::AssocTy | DefKind::AssocConst => {
+                Some(self.tcx.local_parent(self.item))
+            }
+            other => span_bug!(
+                self.tcx.def_span(self.item),
+                "unhandled item with opaque types: {other:?}"
+            ),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'tcx> TypeVisitor<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for OpaqueTypeCollector<'tcx> {
+    type BreakTy = ErrorGuaranteed;
+
+    #[instrument(skip(self), ret, level = "trace")]
+    fn visit_ty(&mut self, t: Ty<'tcx>) -> ControlFlow<ErrorGuaranteed> {
+        match t.kind() {
+            ty::Alias(AliasKind::Opaque, alias_ty) if alias_ty.def_id.is_local() => {
+                if !self.seen.insert(alias_ty.def_id.expect_local()) {
+                    return ControlFlow::Continue(());
+                }
+                match self.tcx.uses_unique_generic_params(alias_ty.substs, CheckRegions::Bound) {
+                    Ok(()) => {
+                        // FIXME: implement higher kinded lifetime bounds on nested opaque types. They are not
+                        // supported at all, so this is sound to do, but once we want to support them, you'll
+                        // start seeing the error below.
+
+                        self.opaques.push(alias_ty.def_id.expect_local());
+
+                        // Collect opaque types nested within the associated type bounds of this opaque type.
+                        for (pred, _span) in self
+                            .tcx
+                            .explicit_item_bounds(alias_ty.def_id)
+                            .subst_iter_copied(self.tcx, alias_ty.substs)
+                        {
+                            trace!(?pred);
+                            pred.visit_with(self)?;
+                        }
+
+                        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+                    }
+                    Err(NotUniqueParam::NotParam(arg)) => {
+                        let err = self.tcx.sess.emit_err(NotParam {
+                            arg,
+                            span: self.span(),
+                            opaque_span: self.tcx.def_span(alias_ty.def_id),
+                        });
+                        ControlFlow::Break(err)
+                    }
+                    Err(NotUniqueParam::DuplicateParam(arg)) => {
+                        let err = self.tcx.sess.emit_err(DuplicateArg {
+                            arg,
+                            span: self.span(),
+                            opaque_span: self.tcx.def_span(alias_ty.def_id),
+                        });
+                        ControlFlow::Break(err)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            ty::Alias(AliasKind::Projection, alias_ty) => {
+                if let Some(parent) = self.parent() {
+                    trace!(?alias_ty);
+                    let (trait_ref, own_substs) = alias_ty.trait_ref_and_own_substs(self.tcx);
+
+                    trace!(?trait_ref, ?own_substs);
+                    // This avoids having to do normalization of `Self::AssocTy` by only
+                    // supporting the case of a method defining opaque types from assoc types
+                    // in the same impl block.
+                    if trait_ref.self_ty() == self.tcx.type_of(parent).subst_identity() {
+                        for assoc in self.tcx.associated_items(parent).in_definition_order() {
+                            trace!(?assoc);
+                            if assoc.trait_item_def_id == Some(alias_ty.def_id) {
+                                // We reconstruct the generic args of the associated type within the impl
+                                // from the impl's generics and the generic args passed to the type via the
+                                // projection.
+                                let substs = ty::InternalSubsts::identity_for_item(
+                                    self.tcx,
+                                    parent.to_def_id(),
+                                );
+                                trace!(?substs);
+                                let substs: Vec<_> =
+                                    substs.iter().chain(own_substs.iter().copied()).collect();
+                                trace!(?substs);
+                                // Find opaque types in this associated type.
+                                return self
+                                    .tcx
+                                    .type_of(assoc.def_id)
+                                    .subst(self.tcx, &substs)
+                                    .visit_with(self);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                t.super_visit_with(self)
+            }
+            _ => t.super_visit_with(self),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn opaque_types_defined_by<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, item: LocalDefId) -> &'tcx [LocalDefId] {
+    let kind = tcx.def_kind(item);
+    trace!(?kind);
+    // FIXME(type_alias_impl_trait): This is definitely still wrong except for RPIT and impl trait in assoc types.
+    match kind {
+        // We're also doing this for `AssocTy` for the wf checks in `check_opaque_meets_bounds`
+        DefKind::Fn | DefKind::AssocFn | DefKind::AssocTy | DefKind::AssocConst => {
+            let defined_opaques = match kind {
+                DefKind::Fn => {
+                    OpaqueTypeCollector::collect(tcx, item, tcx.fn_sig(item).subst_identity())
+                }
+                DefKind::AssocFn => {
+                    OpaqueTypeCollector::collect(tcx, item, tcx.fn_sig(item).subst_identity())
+                }
+                DefKind::AssocTy | DefKind::AssocConst => OpaqueTypeCollector::collect(
+                    tcx,
+                    item,
+                    ty::Binder::dummy(tcx.type_of(item).subst_identity()),
+                ),
+                _ => unreachable!(),
+            };
+            tcx.arena.alloc_from_iter(defined_opaques)
+        }
+        DefKind::Mod
+        | DefKind::Struct
+        | DefKind::Union
+        | DefKind::Enum
+        | DefKind::Variant
+        | DefKind::Trait
+        | DefKind::TyAlias
+        | DefKind::ForeignTy
+        | DefKind::TraitAlias
+        | DefKind::TyParam
+        | DefKind::Const
+        | DefKind::ConstParam
+        | DefKind::Static(_)
+        | DefKind::Ctor(_, _)
+        | DefKind::Macro(_)
+        | DefKind::ExternCrate
+        | DefKind::Use
+        | DefKind::ForeignMod
+        | DefKind::AnonConst
+        | DefKind::InlineConst
+        | DefKind::OpaqueTy
+        | DefKind::ImplTraitPlaceholder
+        | DefKind::Field
+        | DefKind::LifetimeParam
+        | DefKind::GlobalAsm
+        | DefKind::Impl { .. }
+        | DefKind::Closure
+        | DefKind::Generator => &[],
+    }
+}
+
+pub(super) fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
+    *providers = Providers { opaque_types_defined_by, ..*providers };
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/representability.rs b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/representability.rs
index 26d6deab883..0b5e27c2c74 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/representability.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/representability.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 use rustc_hir::def::DefKind;
 use rustc_index::bit_set::BitSet;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Representability, Ty, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_span::def_id::LocalDefId;
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/structural_match.rs b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/structural_match.rs
index 9cb0fc10594..215acbe2c8f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/structural_match.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/structural_match.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use rustc_hir::lang_items::LangItem;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty, TyCtxt};
 
 use rustc_infer::infer::TyCtxtInferExt;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/ty.rs b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/ty.rs
index 78efcce572d..12ad8b0842f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/ty.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/ty.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashSet, FxIndexSet};
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def::DefKind;
 use rustc_index::bit_set::BitSet;
+use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{
     self, Binder, EarlyBinder, ImplTraitInTraitData, Predicate, PredicateKind, ToPredicate, Ty,
     TyCtxt, TypeSuperVisitable, TypeVisitable, TypeVisitor,
@@ -43,9 +44,7 @@ fn sized_constraint_for_ty<'tcx>(
             let adt_tys = adt.sized_constraint(tcx);
             debug!("sized_constraint_for_ty({:?}) intermediate = {:?}", ty, adt_tys);
             adt_tys
-                .0
-                .iter()
-                .map(|ty| adt_tys.rebind(*ty).subst(tcx, substs))
+                .subst_iter_copied(tcx, substs)
                 .flat_map(|ty| sized_constraint_for_ty(tcx, adtdef, ty))
                 .collect()
         }
@@ -288,12 +287,13 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeVisitor<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for ImplTraitInTraitFinder<'_, 'tcx> {
             let shifted_alias_ty = self.tcx.fold_regions(unshifted_alias_ty, |re, depth| {
                 if let ty::ReLateBound(index, bv) = re.kind() {
                     if depth != ty::INNERMOST {
-                        return self.tcx.mk_re_error_with_message(
+                        return ty::Region::new_error_with_message(
+                            self.tcx,
                             DUMMY_SP,
                             "we shouldn't walk non-predicate binders with `impl Trait`...",
                         );
                     }
-                    self.tcx.mk_re_late_bound(index.shifted_out_to_binder(self.depth), bv)
+                    ty::Region::new_late_bound(self.tcx, index.shifted_out_to_binder(self.depth), bv)
                 } else {
                     re
                 }
@@ -507,7 +507,7 @@ fn issue33140_self_ty(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> Option<EarlyBinder<Ty<'
 
     if self_ty_matches {
         debug!("issue33140_self_ty - MATCHES!");
-        Some(EarlyBinder(self_ty))
+        Some(EarlyBinder::bind(self_ty))
     } else {
         debug!("issue33140_self_ty - non-matching self type");
         None
@@ -566,8 +566,8 @@ fn unsizing_params_for_adt<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, def_id: DefId) -> BitSet<u32
     unsizing_params
 }
 
-pub fn provide(providers: &mut ty::query::Providers) {
-    *providers = ty::query::Providers {
+pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
+    *providers = Providers {
         asyncness,
         adt_sized_constraint,
         param_env,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/lib.rs
index 7e5a4d1c735..ae16fbb162e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/lib.rs
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ pub trait Interner: Sized {
     type PolyFnSig: Clone + Debug + Hash + Ord;
     type ListBinderExistentialPredicate: Clone + Debug + Hash + Ord;
     type BinderListTy: Clone + Debug + Hash + Ord;
-    type ListTy: Clone + Debug + Hash + Ord;
+    type ListTy: Clone + Debug + Hash + Ord + IntoIterator<Item = Self::Ty>;
     type AliasTy: Clone + Debug + Hash + Ord;
     type ParamTy: Clone + Debug + Hash + Ord;
     type BoundTy: Clone + Debug + Hash + Ord;
@@ -67,6 +67,9 @@ pub trait Interner: Sized {
     type FreeRegion: Clone + Debug + Hash + Ord;
     type RegionVid: Clone + Debug + Hash + Ord;
     type PlaceholderRegion: Clone + Debug + Hash + Ord;
+
+    fn ty_and_mut_to_parts(ty_and_mut: Self::TypeAndMut) -> (Self::Ty, Self::Mutability);
+    fn mutability_is_mut(mutbl: Self::Mutability) -> bool;
 }
 
 /// Imagine you have a function `F: FnOnce(&[T]) -> R`, plus an iterator `iter`
@@ -390,7 +393,19 @@ impl DebruijnIndex {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Debug)]
+pub fn debug_bound_var<T: std::fmt::Write>(
+    fmt: &mut T,
+    debruijn: DebruijnIndex,
+    var: impl std::fmt::Debug,
+) -> Result<(), std::fmt::Error> {
+    if debruijn == INNERMOST {
+        write!(fmt, "^{:?}", var)
+    } else {
+        write!(fmt, "^{}_{:?}", debruijn.index(), var)
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
 #[derive(Encodable, Decodable, HashStable_Generic)]
 pub enum IntTy {
     Isize,
@@ -448,7 +463,7 @@ impl IntTy {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Copy, Debug)]
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Copy)]
 #[derive(Encodable, Decodable, HashStable_Generic)]
 pub enum UintTy {
     Usize,
@@ -506,7 +521,7 @@ impl UintTy {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Debug)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
 #[derive(Encodable, Decodable, HashStable_Generic)]
 pub enum FloatTy {
     F32,
@@ -643,7 +658,7 @@ impl UnifyKey for FloatVid {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Decodable, Encodable, Hash, HashStable_Generic)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Decodable, Encodable, Hash, HashStable_Generic)]
 #[rustc_pass_by_value]
 pub enum Variance {
     Covariant,     // T<A> <: T<B> iff A <: B -- e.g., function return type
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/structural_impls.rs b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/structural_impls.rs
index c9675f93f95..553d7f31b2d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/structural_impls.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/structural_impls.rs
@@ -4,11 +4,12 @@
 
 use crate::fold::{FallibleTypeFolder, TypeFoldable};
 use crate::visit::{TypeVisitable, TypeVisitor};
-use crate::Interner;
+use crate::{FloatTy, IntTy, Interner, UintTy};
 use rustc_data_structures::functor::IdFunctor;
 use rustc_data_structures::sync::Lrc;
 use rustc_index::{Idx, IndexVec};
 
+use core::fmt;
 use std::ops::ControlFlow;
 
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ TrivialTypeTraversalImpls! {
     (),
     bool,
     usize,
+    u8,
     u16,
     u32,
     u64,
@@ -162,3 +164,21 @@ impl<I: Interner, T: TypeVisitable<I>, Ix: Idx> TypeVisitable<I> for IndexVec<Ix
         self.iter().try_for_each(|t| t.visit_with(visitor))
     }
 }
+
+impl fmt::Debug for IntTy {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.name_str())
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for UintTy {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.name_str())
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for FloatTy {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.name_str())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/sty.rs b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/sty.rs
index f7344bacc02..fa18f921ee4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/sty.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/sty.rs
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ impl<I: Interner> Clone for TyKind<I> {
             Str => Str,
             Array(t, c) => Array(t.clone(), c.clone()),
             Slice(t) => Slice(t.clone()),
-            RawPtr(t) => RawPtr(t.clone()),
+            RawPtr(p) => RawPtr(p.clone()),
             Ref(r, t, m) => Ref(r.clone(), t.clone(), m.clone()),
             FnDef(d, s) => FnDef(d.clone(), s.clone()),
             FnPtr(s) => FnPtr(s.clone()),
@@ -499,33 +499,65 @@ impl<I: Interner> hash::Hash for TyKind<I> {
 impl<I: Interner> fmt::Debug for TyKind<I> {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         match self {
-            Bool => f.write_str("Bool"),
-            Char => f.write_str("Char"),
-            Int(i) => f.debug_tuple_field1_finish("Int", i),
-            Uint(u) => f.debug_tuple_field1_finish("Uint", u),
-            Float(float) => f.debug_tuple_field1_finish("Float", float),
+            Bool => write!(f, "bool"),
+            Char => write!(f, "char"),
+            Int(i) => write!(f, "{i:?}"),
+            Uint(u) => write!(f, "{u:?}"),
+            Float(float) => write!(f, "{float:?}"),
             Adt(d, s) => f.debug_tuple_field2_finish("Adt", d, s),
             Foreign(d) => f.debug_tuple_field1_finish("Foreign", d),
-            Str => f.write_str("Str"),
-            Array(t, c) => f.debug_tuple_field2_finish("Array", t, c),
-            Slice(t) => f.debug_tuple_field1_finish("Slice", t),
-            RawPtr(t) => f.debug_tuple_field1_finish("RawPtr", t),
-            Ref(r, t, m) => f.debug_tuple_field3_finish("Ref", r, t, m),
+            Str => write!(f, "str"),
+            Array(t, c) => write!(f, "[{t:?}; {c:?}]"),
+            Slice(t) => write!(f, "[{t:?}]"),
+            RawPtr(p) => {
+                let (ty, mutbl) = I::ty_and_mut_to_parts(p.clone());
+                match I::mutability_is_mut(mutbl) {
+                    true => write!(f, "*mut "),
+                    false => write!(f, "*const "),
+                }?;
+                write!(f, "{ty:?}")
+            }
+            Ref(r, t, m) => match I::mutability_is_mut(m.clone()) {
+                true => write!(f, "&{r:?} mut {t:?}"),
+                false => write!(f, "&{r:?} {t:?}"),
+            },
             FnDef(d, s) => f.debug_tuple_field2_finish("FnDef", d, s),
-            FnPtr(s) => f.debug_tuple_field1_finish("FnPtr", s),
-            Dynamic(p, r, repr) => f.debug_tuple_field3_finish("Dynamic", p, r, repr),
+            FnPtr(s) => write!(f, "{s:?}"),
+            Dynamic(p, r, repr) => match repr {
+                DynKind::Dyn => write!(f, "dyn {p:?} + {r:?}"),
+                DynKind::DynStar => write!(f, "dyn* {p:?} + {r:?}"),
+            },
             Closure(d, s) => f.debug_tuple_field2_finish("Closure", d, s),
             Generator(d, s, m) => f.debug_tuple_field3_finish("Generator", d, s, m),
             GeneratorWitness(g) => f.debug_tuple_field1_finish("GeneratorWitness", g),
             GeneratorWitnessMIR(d, s) => f.debug_tuple_field2_finish("GeneratorWitnessMIR", d, s),
-            Never => f.write_str("Never"),
-            Tuple(t) => f.debug_tuple_field1_finish("Tuple", t),
+            Never => write!(f, "!"),
+            Tuple(t) => {
+                let mut iter = t.clone().into_iter();
+
+                write!(f, "(")?;
+
+                match iter.next() {
+                    None => return write!(f, ")"),
+                    Some(ty) => write!(f, "{ty:?}")?,
+                };
+
+                match iter.next() {
+                    None => return write!(f, ",)"),
+                    Some(ty) => write!(f, "{ty:?})")?,
+                }
+
+                for ty in iter {
+                    write!(f, ", {ty:?}")?;
+                }
+                write!(f, ")")
+            }
             Alias(i, a) => f.debug_tuple_field2_finish("Alias", i, a),
-            Param(p) => f.debug_tuple_field1_finish("Param", p),
-            Bound(d, b) => f.debug_tuple_field2_finish("Bound", d, b),
-            Placeholder(p) => f.debug_tuple_field1_finish("Placeholder", p),
-            Infer(t) => f.debug_tuple_field1_finish("Infer", t),
-            TyKind::Error(e) => f.debug_tuple_field1_finish("Error", e),
+            Param(p) => write!(f, "{p:?}"),
+            Bound(d, b) => crate::debug_bound_var(f, *d, b),
+            Placeholder(p) => write!(f, "{p:?}"),
+            Infer(t) => write!(f, "{t:?}"),
+            TyKind::Error(_) => write!(f, "{{type error}}"),
         }
     }
 }