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update and clarify StructuralPartialEq docs
This apparently hasn't been updated when we finalized the current const pattern matching behavior.
Fixes https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/92454 by providing rationale and context in the docs linked from that error message.
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One of `CStr` constructors, `CStr::from_bytes_with_nul(bytes: &[u8])` handles 3 cases:
1. `bytes` has one NULL as the last value - creates CStr
2. `bytes` has no NULL - error
3. `bytes` has a NULL in some other position - error
The 3rd case is error that may require lossy conversion, but the 2nd case can easily be handled by the user code. Unfortunately, this function returns an opaque `FromBytesWithNulError` error in both 2nd and 3rd case, so the user cannot detect just the 2nd case - having to re-implement the entire function and bring in the `memchr` dependency.
In [this code](https://github.com/gquintard/varnish-rs/blob/f86d7a87683b08d2e634d63e77d9dc1d24ed4a13/varnish-sys/src/vcl/ws.rs#L158), my FFI code needs to copy user's `&[u8]` into a C-allocated memory blob in a NUL-terminated `CStr` format. My code must first validate if `&[u8]` has a trailing NUL (case 1), no NUL (adds one on the fly - case 2), or NUL in the middle (3rd case - error). I had to re-implement `from_bytes_with_nul` and add `memchr`dependency just to handle the 2nd case.
This PR renames the former `kind` enum from `FromBytesWithNulErrorKind` to `FromBytesWithNulError`, and removes the original struct.
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Use `NonNull::without_provenance` within the standard library
This API removes the need for several `unsafe` blocks, and leads to clearer code. It uses feature `nonnull_provenance` (#135243).
Close #135343
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Update a bunch of library types for MCP807
This greatly reduces the number of places that actually use the `rustc_layout_scalar_valid_range_*` attributes down to just 3:
```
library/core\src\ptr\non_null.rs
68:#[rustc_layout_scalar_valid_range_start(1)]
library/core\src\num\niche_types.rs
19: #[rustc_layout_scalar_valid_range_start($low)]
20: #[rustc_layout_scalar_valid_range_end($high)]
```
Everything else -- PAL Nanoseconds, alloc's `Cap`, niched FDs, etc -- all just wrap those `niche_types` types.
r? ghost
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Approved ACP: https://github.com/rust-lang/libs-team/issues/502
Tracking issue: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/134915
These types represent human-readable strings that are conventionally,
but not always, UTF-8. The `Debug` impl prints non-UTF-8 bytes using
escape sequences, and the `Display` impl uses the Unicode replacement
character.
This is a minimal implementation of these types and associated trait
impls. It does not add any helper methods to other types such as `[u8]`
or `Vec<u8>`.
I've omitted a few implementations of `AsRef`, `AsMut`, `Borrow`,
`From`, and `PartialOrd`, when those would be the second implementation
for a type (counting the `T` impl) or otherwise may cause inference
failures. These impls are important, but we can attempt to add them
later in standalone commits, and run them through crater.
In addition to the `bstr` feature, I've added a `bstr_internals` feature
for APIs provided by `core` for use by `alloc` but not currently
intended for stabilization.
This API and its implementation are based *heavily* on the `bstr` crate
by Andrew Gallant (@BurntSushi).
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This API removes the need for several `unsafe` blocks, and leads to
clearer code.
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This greatly reduces the number of places that actually use the `rustc_layout_scalar_valid_range_*` attributes down to just 3:
```
library/core\src\ptr\non_null.rs
68:#[rustc_layout_scalar_valid_range_start(1)]
library/core\src\num\niche_types.rs
19: #[rustc_layout_scalar_valid_range_start($low)]
20: #[rustc_layout_scalar_valid_range_end($high)]
```
Everything else -- PAL Nanoseconds, alloc's `Cap`, niched FDs, etc -- all just wrap those `niche_types` types.
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Fix `ptr::from_ref` documentation example comment
The comment says that the expression involves no function call, but that was only true for the example above, the example here _does_ contain a function call.
``@rustbot`` label A-docs
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Improve prose around `as_slice` example of IterMut
I've removed the cryptic message about not being able to call `&mut self` methods while retaining a shared borrow of the iterator, such as `as_slice` produces. This is just normal borrowing rules and does not seem especially relevant here. I can whip up a replacement if someone thinks it has value.
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Master bootstrap update
Part of the release process.
r? `@Mark-Simulacrum`
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[generic_assert] Constify methods used by the formatting system
cc #44838
Starts the "constification" of all the elements required to allow the execution of the formatting system in constant environments.
```rust
const _: () = { panic!("{:?}", 1i32); };
```
Further stuff is blocked by #133999.
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Mark `slice::reverse` unstably const
Tracking issue #135120
This is unblocked by the stabilization of `const_swap`
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The implementation is unsound when a partially consumed iterator has
some elements buffered in the front/back parts and cloning the Iterator
removes the capacity from the backing vec::IntoIter.
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core: implement `bool::select_unpredictable`
Tracking issue: #133962
ACP: https://github.com/rust-lang/libs-team/issues/468
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mgsloan:remove-unnecessary-qualification-in-Ord-trait-docs, r=Noratrieb
Remove qualification of `std::cmp::Ordering` in `Ord` doc
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Const-stabilizes `slice::as_flattened{,_mut}`:
```rust
// core::slice
impl<T, const N: usize> [[T; N]] {
pub const fn as_flattened(&self) -> &[T];
pub const fn as_flattened_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [T];
}
```
Tracking issue: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/95629
Requires separate libs-api FCP, as per https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/95629#issuecomment-2566546257.
Closes https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/95629.
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char to_digit: avoid unnecessary casts to u64
Hello,
in the `char::to_digit` method there are a few `as u64` casts that are not strictly necessary.
I assume that the reason behind these casts is to avoid possible overflows in the `+ 10` add.
This PR removes the aforementioned casts, avoiding the overflow issue by slightly modifying the ASCII letter to int mapping.
Thanks,
Happy new year.
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* Instead uses `before` and `after` variable names in the example
where `greater` and `lesser` are flipped.
* Uses `<=` and `>=` instead of "less than or equal to" and "greater
than or equal to" to make the docs more concise.
* General attempt to remove unnecessary words and be more precise. For
example it seems slightly wrong to say "its final sorted position",
since this implies there is only one sorted position for this element.
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Tidy up bigint multiplication methods
This tidies up the library version of the bigint multiplication methods after the addition of the intrinsics in #133663. It follows [this summary](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/85532#issuecomment-2403442775) of what's desired for these methods.
Note that, if `2H = N`, then `uH::MAX * uH::MAX + uH::MAX + uH::MAX` is `uN::MAX`, and that we can effectively add two "carry" values without overflowing.
For ease of terminology, the "low-order" or "least significant" or "wrapping" half of multiplication will be called the low part, and the "high-order" or "most significant" or "overflowing" half of multiplication will be called the high part. In all cases, the return convention is `(low, high)` and left unchanged by this PR, to be litigated later.
## API Changes
The original API:
```rust
impl uN {
// computes self * rhs
pub const fn widening_mul(self, rhs: uN) -> (uN, uN);
// computes self * rhs + carry
pub const fn carrying_mul(self, rhs: uN, carry: uN) -> (uN, uN);
}
```
The added API:
```rust
impl uN {
// computes self * rhs + carry1 + carry2
pub const fn carrying2_mul(self, rhs: uN, carry: uN, add: uN) -> (uN, uN);
}
impl iN {
// note that the low part is unsigned
pub const fn widening_mul(self, rhs: iN) -> (uN, iN);
pub const fn carrying_mul(self, rhs: iN, carry: iN) -> (uN, iN);
pub const fn carrying_mul_add(self, rhs: iN, carry: iN, add: iN) -> (uN, iN);
}
```
Additionally, a naive implementation has been added for `u128` and `i128` since there are no double-wide types for those. Eventually, an intrinsic will be added to make these more efficient, but rather than doing this all at once, the library changes are added first.
## Justifications for API
The unsigned parts are done to ensure consistency with overflowing addition: for a two's complement integer, you want to have unsigned overflow semantics for all parts of the integer except the highest one. This is because overflow for unsigned integers happens on the highest bit (from `MAX` to zero), whereas overflow for signed integers happens on the second highest bit (from `MAX` to `MIN`). Since the sign information only matters in the highest part, we use unsigned overflow for everything but that part.
There is still discussion on the merits of signed bigint *addition* methods, since getting the behaviour right is very subtle, but at least for signed bigint *multiplication*, the sign of the operands does make a difference. So, it feels appropriate that at least until we've nailed down the final API, there should be an option to do signed versions of these methods.
Additionally, while it's unclear whether we need all three versions of bigint multiplication (widening, carrying-1, and carrying-2), since it's possible to have up to two carries without overflow, there should at least be a method to allow that. We could potentially only offer the carry-2 method and expect that adding zero carries afterword will optimise correctly, but again, this can be litigated before stabilisation.
## Note on documentation
While a lot of care was put into the documentation for the `widening_mul` and `carrying_mul` methods on unsigned integers, I have not taken this same care for `carrying_mul_add` or the signed versions. While I have updated the doc tests to be more appropriate, there will likely be many documentation changes done before stabilisation.
## Note on tests
Alongside this change, I've added several tests to ensure that these methods work as expected. These are alongside the codegen tests for the intrinsics.
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Fix doc for read&write unaligned in zst operation
### PR Description
This PR addresses an inconsistency in the Rust documentation regarding `read_unaligned ` and `write_unaligned` on zero-sized types (ZSTs). The current documentation for [pointer validity](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ptr/index.html#safety) states that for zero-sized types (ZSTs), null pointers are valid:
> For zero-sized types (ZSTs), every pointer is valid, including the null pointer.
However, there is an inconsistency in the documentation for the unaligned read operation in the function [ptr::read_unaligned](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ptr/fn.read_unaligned.html)(as well as `write_unaligned`), which states:
> Note that even if T has size 0, the pointer must be non-null.
This change is also supported by [PR #134912](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/134912)
> the _unaligned method docs should be fixed.
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ptr docs: make it clear that we are talking only about memory accesses
This should make it harder to take this sentence out of context and misunderstand it.
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Make slice::as_flattened_mut unstably const
Tracking issue: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/95629
Unblocked by const_mut_refs being stabilized: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/129195
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stabilize const_swap
libs-api FCP passed in https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/83163.
However, I only just realized that this actually involves an intrinsic. The intrinsic could be implemented entirely with existing stable const functionality, but we choose to make it a primitive to be able to detect more UB. So nominating for `@rust-lang/lang` to make sure they are aware; I leave it up to them whether they want to FCP this.
While at it I also renamed the intrinsic to make the "nonoverlapping" constraint more clear.
Fixes #83163
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Tracking issue: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/95629
Unblocked by const_mut_refs being stabilized: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/129195
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The comment says that the expression involves no function call, but
that was only true for the example above, the example here _does_
contain a function call.
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Looks like this was inadvertently dropped in 8241ca60. Restore the words from before that commit.
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Provides unstable `T::from_ascii()` and `T::from_ascii_radix()` for integer
types `T`, as drafted in tracking issue #134821.
To deduplicate documentation without additional macros, implementations of
`isize` and `usize` no longer delegate to equivalent integer types.
After #132870 they are inlined anyway.
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Add a compiler intrinsic to back `bigint_helper_methods`
cc https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/85532
This adds a new `carrying_mul_add` intrinsic, to implement `wide_mul` and `carrying_mul`.
It has fallback MIR for all types -- including `u128`, which isn't currently supported on nightly -- so that it'll continue to work on all backends, including CTFE.
Then it's overridden in `cg_llvm` to use wider intermediate types, including `i256` for `u128::carrying_mul`.
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Including implementing it for `u128`, so it can be defined in `uint_impl!`.
This way it works for all backends, including CTFE.
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ptr::copy: fix docs for the overlapping case
Fixes https://github.com/rust-lang/unsafe-code-guidelines/issues/549
As discussed in that issue, it doesn't make any sense for `copy` to read a byte via `src` after it was already written via `dst`. The entire point of this method is that is copies correctly even if they overlap, and that requires always reading any given location before writing it.
Cc `@rust-lang/opsem`
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docs: inline `std::ffi::c_str` types to `std::ffi`
Rustdoc has no way to show that an item is stable, but only at a different path. `std::ffi::c_str::NulError` is not stable, but `std::ffi::NulError` is.
To avoid marking these types as unstable when someone just wants to follow a link from `CString`, inline them into their stable paths.
Fixes #134702
r? `@tgross35`
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Update Code Example for `Iterator::rposition`
Added an additional assertion to the example to show the behavior of `iter.next_back` after using `iter.rposition`.
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