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semantics that tests the *interface* of trait objects, rather
than what they close over.
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This upcast coercion currently never requires vtable changes. It should be generalized.
This is a [breaking-change] -- if you have an impl on an object type like `impl SomeTrait`, then this will no longer be applicable to object types like `SomeTrait+Send`. In the standard library, this primarily affected `Any`, and this PR adds impls for `Any+Send` as to keep the API the same in practice. An alternate workaround is to use UFCS form or standalone fns. For more details, see <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/18737#issuecomment-78450798>.
r? @nrc
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This upcast coercion currently preserves the vtable for the object, but
eventually it can be used to create a derived vtable. The upcast
coercion is not introduced into method dispatch; see comment on #18737
for information about why. Fixes #18737.
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This brings comments in line with https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0505-api-comment-conventions.md#using-markdown
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Many of the modifications putting in `Box::new` calls also include a
pointer to Issue 22405, which tracks going back to `box <expr>` if
possible in the future.
(Still tried to use `Box<_>` where it sufficed; thus some tests still
have `box_syntax` enabled, as they use a mix of `box` and `Box::new`.)
Precursor for overloaded-`box` and placement-`in`; see Issue 22181.
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(You shouldn't use it, but it is a semi-reasonable way to annotate
types when necessary.)
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... to convert between Box and raw pointers. E. g. use
```
let b: Box<Foo> = Box::from_raw(p);
```
instead of
```
let b: Box<Foo> = mem::transmute(p);
```
Patch also changes closure release code in `src/libstd/sys/unix/thread.rs`
when `pthread_create` failed. Raw pointer was transmuted to box of
`FnOnce()` instead of `Thunk`. This code was probably never executed,
because `pthread_create` rarely fails in practice.
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This commit is an implementation of [RFC 823][rfc] which is another pass over
the `std::hash` module for stabilization. The contents of the module were not
entirely marked stable, but some portions which remained quite similar to the
previous incarnation are now marked `#[stable]`. Specifically:
[rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0823-hash-simplification.md
* `std::hash` is now stable (the name)
* `Hash` is now stable
* `Hash::hash` is now stable
* `Hasher` is now stable
* `SipHasher` is now stable
* `SipHasher::new` and `new_with_keys` are now stable
* `Hasher for SipHasher` is now stable
* Many `Hash` implementations are now stable
All other portions of the `hash` module remain `#[unstable]` as they are less
commonly used and were recently redesigned.
This commit is a breaking change due to the modifications to the `std::hash` API
and more details can be found on the [RFC][rfc].
Closes #22467
[breaking-change]
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This removes the `ByRef` iterator adaptor to stay in line with the changes to
`std::io`. The `by_ref` method instead just returns `&mut Self`.
This also removes the implementation of `Iterator for &mut Iterator` and instead
generalizes it to `Iterator for &mut I` where `I: Iterator + ?Sized`. The
`Box<I>` implementations were also updated.
This is a breaking change due to the removal of the `std::iter::ByRef` type. All
mentions of `ByRef<'a, T>` should be replaced with `&mut T` to migrate forward.
[breaking-change]
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Functions are needed for safety and convenience.
It is a common pattern to use `mem::transmute` to convert between
`Box` and raw pointer, like this:
```
let b = Box::new(3);
let p = mem::transmute(b);
// pass `p` to some C library
```
After this commit, conversion can be written as:
```
let p = boxed::into_raw(b);
```
`into_raw` and `from_raw` functions are still unsafe, but they are
much safer than `mem::transmute`, because *raw functions do not
convert between incompatible pointers. For example, this likely
incorrect code can be successfully compiled:
```
let p: *mut u64 = ...
let b: Box<u32> = mem::transmute(p);
```
Using `from_raw` results in compile-time error:
```
let p: *mut u64 = ...
let b: Box<u32> = Box::from_raw(p); // compile-time error
```
`into_raw` and `from_raw` functions are similar to C++ `std::unique_ptr`
`release` function [1] and constructor from pointer [2].
[1] http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/memory/unique_ptr/release
[2] http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/memory/unique_ptr/unique_ptr
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Conflicts:
mk/tests.mk
src/liballoc/arc.rs
src/liballoc/boxed.rs
src/liballoc/rc.rs
src/libcollections/bit.rs
src/libcollections/btree/map.rs
src/libcollections/btree/set.rs
src/libcollections/dlist.rs
src/libcollections/ring_buf.rs
src/libcollections/slice.rs
src/libcollections/str.rs
src/libcollections/string.rs
src/libcollections/vec.rs
src/libcollections/vec_map.rs
src/libcore/any.rs
src/libcore/array.rs
src/libcore/borrow.rs
src/libcore/error.rs
src/libcore/fmt/mod.rs
src/libcore/iter.rs
src/libcore/marker.rs
src/libcore/ops.rs
src/libcore/result.rs
src/libcore/slice.rs
src/libcore/str/mod.rs
src/libregex/lib.rs
src/libregex/re.rs
src/librustc/lint/builtin.rs
src/libstd/collections/hash/map.rs
src/libstd/collections/hash/set.rs
src/libstd/sync/mpsc/mod.rs
src/libstd/sync/mutex.rs
src/libstd/sync/poison.rs
src/libstd/sync/rwlock.rs
src/libsyntax/feature_gate.rs
src/libsyntax/test.rs
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* `core` - for the core crate
* `hash` - hashing
* `io` - io
* `path` - path
* `alloc` - alloc crate
* `rand` - rand crate
* `collections` - collections crate
* `std_misc` - other parts of std
* `test` - test crate
* `rustc_private` - everything else
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Conflicts:
src/liballoc/boxed.rs
src/librustc/middle/traits/error_reporting.rs
src/libstd/sync/mpsc/mod.rs
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Conflicts:
src/liballoc/boxed.rs
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closes #20953
closes #21361
---
In the future, we will likely derive these `impl`s via syntax extensions or using compiler magic (see #20617). For the time being we can use these manual `impl`s.
r? @aturon
cc @burntsushi @Kroisse
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This commit is an implementation of [RFC 565][rfc] which is a stabilization of
the `std::fmt` module and the implementations of various formatting traits.
Specifically, the following changes were performed:
[rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0565-show-string-guidelines.md
* The `Show` trait is now deprecated, it was renamed to `Debug`
* The `String` trait is now deprecated, it was renamed to `Display`
* Many `Debug` and `Display` implementations were audited in accordance with the
RFC and audited implementations now have the `#[stable]` attribute
* Integers and floats no longer print a suffix
* Smart pointers no longer print details that they are a smart pointer
* Paths with `Debug` are now quoted and escape characters
* The `unwrap` methods on `Result` now require `Display` instead of `Debug`
* The `Error` trait no longer has a `detail` method and now requires that
`Display` must be implemented. With the loss of `String`, this has moved into
libcore.
* `impl<E: Error> FromError<E> for Box<Error>` now exists
* `derive(Show)` has been renamed to `derive(Debug)`. This is not currently
warned about due to warnings being emitted on stage1+
While backwards compatibility is attempted to be maintained with a blanket
implementation of `Display` for the old `String` trait (and the same for
`Show`/`Debug`) this is still a breaking change due to primitives no longer
implementing `String` as well as modifications such as `unwrap` and the `Error`
trait. Most code is fairly straightforward to update with a rename or tweaks of
method calls.
[breaking-change]
Closes #21436
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Previously test was disabled due to `#[cfg(test)]` before `mod boxed`.
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closes #20953
closes #21361
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This commit aims to stabilize the `TypeId` abstraction by moving it out of the
`intrinsics` module into the `any` module of the standard library. Specifically,
* `TypeId` is now defined at `std::any::TypeId`
* `TypeId::hash` has been removed in favor of an implementation of `Hash`.
This commit also performs a final pass over the `any` module, confirming the
following:
* `Any::get_type_id` remains unstable as *usage* of the `Any` trait will likely
never require this, and the `Any` trait does not need to be implemented for
any other types. As a result, this implementation detail can remain unstable
until associated statics are implemented.
* `Any::downcast_ref` is now stable
* `Any::downcast_mut` is now stable
* `BoxAny` remains unstable. While a direct impl on `Box<Any>` is allowed today
it does not allow downcasting of trait objects like `Box<Any + Send>` (those
returned from `Thread::join`). This is covered by #18737.
* `BoxAny::downcast` is now stable.
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This gets rid of the 'experimental' level, removes the non-staged_api
case (i.e. stability levels for out-of-tree crates), and lets the
staged_api attributes use 'unstable' and 'deprecated' lints.
This makes the transition period to the full feature staging design
a bit nicer.
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Conflicts:
src/compiletest/compiletest.rs
src/libcollections/lib.rs
src/libserialize/lib.rs
src/libsyntax/feature_gate.rs
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Conflicts:
src/libcollections/vec.rs
src/libcore/fmt/mod.rs
src/librustdoc/html/format.rs
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This changes a line that has `\n#[stable]}` to instead have `}\n#[stable]`.
The #[stable] has been before the bracket since https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/commit/b94bcbf56eab163517e8ffc93888284b8dbb6238.
This is a (very) minor change, and I have not built this locally because of my not-so-powerful machine.
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This commit performs a pass over the implementations of the new `String` trait
in the formatting module. Some implementations were removed as a conservative
move pending an upcoming convention about `String` implementations, and some
were added in order to retain consistency across the libraries. Specifically:
* All "smart pointers" implement `String` now, adding missing implementations
for `Arc` and `Rc`.
* The `Vec<T>` and `[T]` types no longer implement `String`.
* The `*const T` and `*mut T` type no longer implement `String`.
* The `()` type no longer implements `String`.
* The `Path` type's `Show` implementation does not surround itself with `Path
{}` (a minor tweak).
All implementations of `String` in this PR were also marked `#[stable]` to
indicate that the types will continue to implement the `String` trait regardless
of what it looks like.
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This changes a line that has `\n#[stable]}` to instead have `}\n#[stable]`
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This commit aims to prepare the `std::hash` module for alpha by formalizing its
current interface whileholding off on adding `#[stable]` to the new APIs. The
current usage with the `HashMap` and `HashSet` types is also reconciled by
separating out composable parts of the design. The primary goal of this slight
redesign is to separate the concepts of a hasher's state from a hashing
algorithm itself.
The primary change of this commit is to separate the `Hasher` trait into a
`Hasher` and a `HashState` trait. Conceptually the old `Hasher` trait was
actually just a factory for various states, but hashing had very little control
over how these states were used. Additionally the old `Hasher` trait was
actually fairly unrelated to hashing.
This commit redesigns the existing `Hasher` trait to match what the notion of a
`Hasher` normally implies with the following definition:
trait Hasher {
type Output;
fn reset(&mut self);
fn finish(&self) -> Output;
}
This `Hasher` trait emphasizes that hashing algorithms may produce outputs other
than a `u64`, so the output type is made generic. Other than that, however, very
little is assumed about a particular hasher. It is left up to implementors to
provide specific methods or trait implementations to feed data into a hasher.
The corresponding `Hash` trait becomes:
trait Hash<H: Hasher> {
fn hash(&self, &mut H);
}
The old default of `SipState` was removed from this trait as it's not something
that we're willing to stabilize until the end of time, but the type parameter is
always required to implement `Hasher`. Note that the type parameter `H` remains
on the trait to enable multidispatch for specialization of hashing for
particular hashers.
Note that `Writer` is not mentioned in either of `Hash` or `Hasher`, it is
simply used as part `derive` and the implementations for all primitive types.
With these definitions, the old `Hasher` trait is realized as a new `HashState`
trait in the `collections::hash_state` module as an unstable addition for
now. The current definition looks like:
trait HashState {
type Hasher: Hasher;
fn hasher(&self) -> Hasher;
}
The purpose of this trait is to emphasize that the one piece of functionality
for implementors is that new instances of `Hasher` can be created. This
conceptually represents the two keys from which more instances of a
`SipHasher` can be created, and a `HashState` is what's stored in a
`HashMap`, not a `Hasher`.
Implementors of custom hash algorithms should implement the `Hasher` trait, and
only hash algorithms intended for use in hash maps need to implement or worry
about the `HashState` trait.
The entire module and `HashState` infrastructure remains `#[unstable]` due to it
being recently redesigned, but some other stability decision made for the
`std::hash` module are:
* The `Writer` trait remains `#[experimental]` as it's intended to be replaced
with an `io::Writer` (more details soon).
* The top-level `hash` function is `#[unstable]` as it is intended to be generic
over the hashing algorithm instead of hardwired to `SipHasher`
* The inner `sip` module is now private as its one export, `SipHasher` is
reexported in the `hash` module.
And finally, a few changes were made to the default parameters on `HashMap`.
* The `RandomSipHasher` default type parameter was renamed to `RandomState`.
This renaming emphasizes that it is not a hasher, but rather just state to
generate hashers. It also moves away from the name "sip" as it may not always
be implemented as `SipHasher`. This type lives in the
`std::collections::hash_map` module as `#[unstable]`
* The associated `Hasher` type of `RandomState` is creatively called...
`Hasher`! This concrete structure lives next to `RandomState` as an
implemenation of the "default hashing algorithm" used for a `HashMap`. Under
the hood this is currently implemented as `SipHasher`, but it draws an
explicit interface for now and allows us to modify the implementation over
time if necessary.
There are many breaking changes outlined above, and as a result this commit is
a:
[breaking-change]
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Conflicts:
src/libcore/array.rs
src/libcore/cell.rs
src/libcore/prelude.rs
src/libstd/path/posix.rs
src/libstd/prelude/v1.rs
src/test/compile-fail/dst-sized-trait-param.rs
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Conflicts:
src/compiletest/runtest.rs
src/libcore/fmt/mod.rs
src/libfmt_macros/lib.rs
src/libregex/parse.rs
src/librustc/middle/cfg/construct.rs
src/librustc/middle/dataflow.rs
src/librustc/middle/infer/higher_ranked/mod.rs
src/librustc/middle/ty.rs
src/librustc_back/archive.rs
src/librustc_borrowck/borrowck/fragments.rs
src/librustc_borrowck/borrowck/gather_loans/mod.rs
src/librustc_resolve/lib.rs
src/librustc_trans/back/link.rs
src/librustc_trans/save/mod.rs
src/librustc_trans/trans/base.rs
src/librustc_trans/trans/callee.rs
src/librustc_trans/trans/common.rs
src/librustc_trans/trans/consts.rs
src/librustc_trans/trans/controlflow.rs
src/librustc_trans/trans/debuginfo.rs
src/librustc_trans/trans/expr.rs
src/librustc_trans/trans/monomorphize.rs
src/librustc_typeck/astconv.rs
src/librustc_typeck/check/method/mod.rs
src/librustc_typeck/check/mod.rs
src/librustc_typeck/check/regionck.rs
src/librustc_typeck/collect.rs
src/libsyntax/ext/format.rs
src/libsyntax/ext/source_util.rs
src/libsyntax/ext/tt/transcribe.rs
src/libsyntax/parse/mod.rs
src/libsyntax/parse/token.rs
src/test/run-pass/issue-8898.rs
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fmt::Show is for debugging, and can and should be implemented for
all public types. This trait is used with `{:?}` syntax. There still
exists #[derive(Show)].
fmt::String is for types that faithfully be represented as a String.
Because of this, there is no way to derive fmt::String, all
implementations must be purposeful. It is used by the default format
syntax, `{}`.
This will break most instances of `{}`, since that now requires the type
to impl fmt::String. In most cases, replacing `{}` with `{:?}` is the
correct fix. Types that were being printed specifically for users should
receive a fmt::String implementation to fix this.
Part of #20013
[breaking-change]
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[breaking-change]
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Conflicts:
src/liballoc/boxed.rs
src/libcollections/btree/map.rs
src/libcollections/slice.rs
src/libcore/borrow.rs
src/libcore/cmp.rs
src/libcore/ops.rs
src/libstd/c_str.rs
src/libstd/collections/hash/map.rs
src/libsyntax/parse/obsolete.rs
src/test/compile-fail/unboxed-closure-sugar-default.rs
src/test/compile-fail/unboxed-closure-sugar-equiv.rs
src/test/compile-fail/unboxed-closure-sugar-lifetime-elision.rs
src/test/compile-fail/unboxed-closure-sugar-region.rs
src/test/compile-fail/unsized3.rs
src/test/run-pass/associated-types-conditional-dispatch.rs
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