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As Rtl* functions are not allowed there
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This commit removes the `rand` crate from the standard library facade as
well as the `__rand` module in the standard library. Neither of these
were used in any meaningful way in the standard library itself. The only
need for randomness in libstd is to initialize the thread-local keys of
a `HashMap`, and that unconditionally used `OsRng` defined in the
standard library anyway.
The cruft of the `rand` crate and the extra `rand` support in the
standard library makes libstd slightly more difficult to port to new
platforms, namely WebAssembly which doesn't have any randomness at all
(without interfacing with JS). The purpose of this commit is to clarify
and streamline randomness in libstd, focusing on how it's only required
in one location, hashmap seeds.
Note that the `rand` crate out of tree has almost always been a drop-in
replacement for the `rand` crate in-tree, so any usage (accidental or
purposeful) of the crate in-tree should switch to the `rand` crate on
crates.io. This then also has the further benefit of avoiding
duplication (mostly) between the two crates!
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This commit updates the OS random number generator on Windows to match the
upstream implementation in the `rand` crate. First proposed in
rust-lang-nursery/rand#111 this implementation uses a "private" API of
`RtlGenRandom`. Despite the [documentation][dox] indicating this is a private
function its widespread use in Chromium and Firefox as well as [comments] from
Microsoft internally indicates that it's highly unlikely to break.
Another motivation for switching this is to also attempt to make progress
on #44911. It may be the case that this function succeeds while the previous
implementation may fail in "weird" scenarios.
[dox]: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa387694(v=vs.85).aspx
[comments]: https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/rand/issues/111#issuecomment-316140155
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CryptGenRandom takes a DWORD (u32) for the length so it only supports
writing u32::MAX bytes at a time.
Casting the length from a usize caused truncation meaning the whole
buffer was not always filled.
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