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# Stabilization proposal
The feature was implemented in https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/50045 by est31 and has been in nightly since 2018-05-16 (over 4 years now).
There are [no open issues][issue-label] other than the tracking issue. There is a strong consensus that `break` is the right keyword and we should not use `return`.
There have been several concerns raised about this feature on the tracking issue (other than the one about tests, which has been fixed, and an interaction with try blocks, which has been fixed).
1. nrc's original comment about cost-benefit analysis: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/48594#issuecomment-422235234
2. joshtriplett's comments about seeing use cases: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/48594#issuecomment-422281176
3. withoutboats's comments that Rust does not need more control flow constructs: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/48594#issuecomment-450050630
Many different examples of code that's simpler using this feature have been provided:
- A lexer by rpjohnst which must repeat code without label-break-value: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/48594#issuecomment-422502014
- A snippet by SergioBenitez which avoids using a new function and adding several new return points to a function: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/48594#issuecomment-427628251. This particular case would also work if `try` blocks were stabilized (at the cost of making the code harder to optimize).
- Several examples by JohnBSmith: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/48594#issuecomment-434651395
- Several examples by Centril: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/48594#issuecomment-440154733
- An example by petrochenkov where this is used in the compiler itself to avoid duplicating error checking code: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/48594#issuecomment-443557569
- Amanieu recently provided another example related to complex conditions, where try blocks would not have helped: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/48594#issuecomment-1184213006
Additionally, petrochenkov notes that this is strictly more powerful than labelled loops due to macros which accidentally exit a loop instead of being consumed by the macro matchers: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/48594#issuecomment-450246249
nrc later resolved their concern, mostly because of the aforementioned macro problems.
joshtriplett suggested that macros could be able to generate IR directly
(https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/48594#issuecomment-451685983) but there are no open RFCs,
and the design space seems rather speculative.
joshtriplett later resolved his concerns, due to a symmetry between this feature and existing labelled break: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/48594#issuecomment-632960804
withoutboats has regrettably left the language team.
joshtriplett later posted that the lang team would consider starting an FCP given a stabilization report: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/48594#issuecomment-1111269353
[issue-label]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%3AF-label_break_value+
## Report
+ Feature gate:
- https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/d695a497bbf4b20d2580b75075faa80230d41667/src/test/ui/feature-gates/feature-gate-label_break_value.rs
+ Diagnostics:
- https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/6b2d3d5f3cd1e553d87b5496632132565b6779d3/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/diagnostics.rs#L2629
- https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/f65bf0b2bb1a99f73095c01a118f3c37d3ee614c/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/diagnostics.rs#L749
- https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/f65bf0b2bb1a99f73095c01a118f3c37d3ee614c/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/diagnostics.rs#L1001
- https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/111df9e6eda1d752233482c1309d00d20a4bbf98/compiler/rustc_passes/src/loops.rs#L254
- https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/d695a497bbf4b20d2580b75075faa80230d41667/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/expr.rs#L2079
- https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/d695a497bbf4b20d2580b75075faa80230d41667/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/expr.rs#L1569
+ Tests:
- https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/src/test/ui/label/label_break_value_continue.rs
- https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/src/test/ui/label/label_break_value_unlabeled_break.rs
- https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/src/test/ui/label/label_break_value_illegal_uses.rs
- https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/src/test/ui/lint/unused_labels.rs
- https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/src/test/ui/run-pass/for-loop-while/label_break_value.rs
## Interactions with other features
Labels follow the hygiene of local variables.
label-break-value is permitted within `try` blocks:
```rust
let _: Result<(), ()> = try {
'foo: {
Err(())?;
break 'foo;
}
};
```
label-break-value is disallowed within closures, generators, and async blocks:
```rust
'a: {
|| break 'a
//~^ ERROR use of unreachable label `'a`
//~| ERROR `break` inside of a closure
}
```
label-break-value is disallowed on [_BlockExpression_]; it can only occur as a [_LoopExpression_]:
```rust
fn labeled_match() {
match false 'b: { //~ ERROR block label not supported here
_ => {}
}
}
macro_rules! m {
($b:block) => {
'lab: $b; //~ ERROR cannot use a `block` macro fragment here
unsafe $b; //~ ERROR cannot use a `block` macro fragment here
|x: u8| -> () $b; //~ ERROR cannot use a `block` macro fragment here
}
}
fn foo() {
m!({});
}
```
[_BlockExpression_]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/reference/expressions/block-expr.html
[_LoopExpression_]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/reference/expressions/loop-expr.html
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Fix unclosed boxes in pretty printing of TraitAlias
This was causing trait aliases to not even render at all in stringified / pretty printed output.
```rust
macro_rules! repro {
($item:item) => {
stringify!($item)
};
}
fn main() {
println!("{:?}", repro!(pub trait Trait<T> = Sized where T: 'a;));
}
```
Before: `""`
After: `"pub trait Trait<T> = Sized where T: 'a;"`
The fix is copied from how `head`/`end` for `ItemKind::Use`, `ItemKind::ExternCrate`, and `ItemKind::Mod` are all done in the pretty printer:
https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/dd3ac41495e85a9b7b5cb3186379d02ce17e51fe/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state.rs#L1178-L1184
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Fix spacing and ordering of words in pretty printed Impl
Follow-up to #92238 fixing one of the FIXMEs.
```rust
macro_rules! repro {
($item:item) => {
stringify!($item)
};
}
fn main() {
println!("{}", repro!(impl<T> Struct<T> {}));
println!("{}", repro!(impl<T> const Trait for T {}));
}
```
Before: `impl <T> Struct<T> {}`
After: `impl<T> Struct<T> {}`
Before: `impl const <T> Trait for T {}` :crying_cat_face:
After: `impl<T> const Trait for T {}`
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Fix spacing in pretty printed PatKind::Struct with no fields
Follow-up to #92238 fixing one of the FIXMEs.
```rust
macro_rules! repro {
($pat:pat) => {
stringify!($pat)
};
}
fn main() {
println!("{}", repro!(Struct {}));
}
```
Before: <code>Struct { }</code>
After: <code>Struct {}</code>
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Fix whitespace in pretty printed PatKind::Range
Follow-up to #92238 fixing one of the FIXMEs.
```rust
macro_rules! repro {
($pat:pat) => {
stringify!($pat)
};
}
fn main() {
println!("{}", repro!(0..=1));
}
```
Before: `0 ..=1`
After: `0..=1`
The canonical spacing applied by rustfmt has no space after the lower expr. Rustc's parser diagnostics also do not put a space there:
https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/df96fb166f59431e3de443835e50d5b8a7a4adb0/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/pat.rs#L754
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Fix double space in pretty printed TryBlock
Follow-up to #92238 fixing one of the FIXMEs.
```rust
macro_rules! repro {
($expr:expr) => {
stringify!($expr)
};
}
fn main() {
println!("{}", repro!(try {}));
}
```
Before: <code>try {}</code>
After: <code>try {}</code>
The `head` helper already appends a space:
https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/2b67c30bfece00357d5fc09d99b49f21066f04ba/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state.rs#L654-L664
so doing `head` followed by `space` resulted in a double space:
https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/2b67c30bfece00357d5fc09d99b49f21066f04ba/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state.rs#L2241-L2242
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Print space after formal generic params in fn type
Follow-up to #92238 fixing one of the FIXMEs.
```rust
macro_rules! repro {
($ty:ty) => {
stringify!($ty)
};
}
fn main() {
println!("{}", repro!(for<'a> fn(&'a u8)));
}
```
Before: `for<'a>fn(&'a u8)`
After: `for<'a> fn(&'a u8)`
The pretty printer's `print_formal_generic_params` already prints formal generic params correctly with a space, we just need to call it when printing BareFn types instead of reimplementing the printing incorrectly without a space.
https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/83b15bfe1c15f325bc186ebfe3691b729ed59f2b/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state.rs#L1394-L1400
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