An [`async`] function used recursion without boxing. Erroneous code example: ```edition2018,compile_fail,E0733 async fn foo(n: usize) { if n > 0 { foo(n - 1).await; } } ``` The recursive invocation can be boxed: ```edition2018 async fn foo(n: usize) { if n > 0 { Box::pin(foo(n - 1)).await; } } ``` The `Box<...>` ensures that the result is of known size, and the pin is required to keep it in the same place in memory. Alternatively, the body can be boxed: ```edition2018 use std::future::Future; use std::pin::Pin; fn foo(n: usize) -> Pin>> { Box::pin(async move { if n > 0 { foo(n - 1).await; } }) } ``` [`async`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword.async.html