//! # The Rust Prelude //! //! Rust comes with a variety of things in its standard library. However, if //! you had to manually import every single thing that you used, it would be //! very verbose. But importing a lot of things that a program never uses isn't //! good either. A balance needs to be struck. //! //! The *prelude* is the list of things that Rust automatically imports into //! every Rust program. It's kept as small as possible, and is focused on //! things, particularly traits, which are used in almost every single Rust //! program. //! //! # Other preludes //! //! Preludes can be seen as a pattern to make using multiple types more //! convenient. As such, you'll find other preludes in the standard library, //! such as [`std::io::prelude`]. Various libraries in the Rust ecosystem may //! also define their own preludes. //! //! [`std::io::prelude`]: crate::io::prelude //! //! The difference between 'the prelude' and these other preludes is that they //! are not automatically `use`'d, and must be imported manually. This is still //! easier than importing all of their constituent components. //! //! # Prelude contents //! //! The items included in the prelude depend on the edition of the crate. //! The first version of the prelude is used in Rust 2015 and Rust 2018, //! and lives in [`std::prelude::v1`]. //! [`std::prelude::rust_2015`] and [`std::prelude::rust_2018`] re-export this prelude. //! It re-exports the following: //! //! * [std::marker]::{[Copy], [Send], [Sized], [Sync], [Unpin]}, //! marker traits that indicate fundamental properties of types. //! * [std::ops]::{[Fn], [FnMut], [FnOnce]}, and their analogous //! async traits, [std::ops]::{[AsyncFn], [AsyncFnMut], [AsyncFnOnce]}. //! * [std::ops]::[Drop], for implementing destructors. //! * [std::mem]::[drop], a convenience function for explicitly //! dropping a value. //! * [std::mem]::{[size_of], [size_of_val]}, to get the size of //! a type or value. //! * [std::mem]::{[align_of], [align_of_val]}, to get the //! alignment of a type or value. //! * [std::boxed]::[Box], a way to allocate values on the heap. //! * [std::borrow]::[ToOwned], the conversion trait that defines //! [`to_owned`], the generic method for creating an owned type from a //! borrowed type. //! * [std::clone]::[Clone], the ubiquitous trait that defines //! [`clone`][Clone::clone], the method for producing a copy of a value. //! * [std::cmp]::{[PartialEq], [PartialOrd], [Eq], [Ord]}, the //! comparison traits, which implement the comparison operators and are often //! seen in trait bounds. //! * [std::convert]::{[AsRef], [AsMut], [Into], [From]}, generic //! conversions, used by savvy API authors to create overloaded methods. //! * [std::default]::[Default], types that have default values. //! * [std::iter]::{[Iterator], [Extend], [IntoIterator], [DoubleEndedIterator], [ExactSizeIterator]}, //! iterators of various //! kinds. //! * [std::option]::[Option]::{[self][Option], [Some], [None]}, a //! type which expresses the presence or absence of a value. This type is so //! commonly used, its variants are also exported. //! * [std::result]::[Result]::{[self][Result], [Ok], [Err]}, a type //! for functions that may succeed or fail. Like [`Option`], its variants are //! exported as well. //! * [std::string]::{[String], [ToString]}, heap-allocated strings. //! * [std::vec]::[Vec], a growable, heap-allocated vector. //! //! The prelude used in Rust 2021, [`std::prelude::rust_2021`], includes all of the above, //! and in addition re-exports: //! //! * [std::convert]::{[TryFrom], [TryInto]}. //! * [std::iter]::[FromIterator]. //! //! The prelude used in Rust 2024, [`std::prelude::rust_2024`], includes all of the above, //! and in addition re-exports: //! //! * [std::future]::{[Future], [IntoFuture]}. //! //! [std::borrow]: crate::borrow //! [std::boxed]: crate::boxed //! [std::clone]: crate::clone //! [std::cmp]: crate::cmp //! [std::convert]: crate::convert //! [std::default]: crate::default //! [std::future]: crate::future //! [std::iter]: crate::iter //! [std::marker]: crate::marker //! [std::mem]: crate::mem //! [std::ops]: crate::ops //! [std::option]: crate::option //! [`std::prelude::v1`]: v1 //! [`std::prelude::rust_2015`]: rust_2015 //! [`std::prelude::rust_2018`]: rust_2018 //! [`std::prelude::rust_2021`]: rust_2021 //! [`std::prelude::rust_2024`]: rust_2024 //! [std::result]: crate::result //! [std::slice]: crate::slice //! [std::string]: crate::string //! [std::vec]: mod@crate::vec //! [`to_owned`]: crate::borrow::ToOwned::to_owned //! [book-closures]: ../../book/ch13-01-closures.html //! [book-dtor]: ../../book/ch15-03-drop.html //! [book-enums]: ../../book/ch06-01-defining-an-enum.html //! [book-iter]: ../../book/ch13-02-iterators.html //! [Future]: crate::future::Future //! [IntoFuture]: crate::future::IntoFuture // No formatting: this file is nothing but re-exports, and their order is worth preserving. #![cfg_attr(rustfmt, rustfmt::skip)] #![stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] mod common; /// The first version of the prelude of The Rust Standard Library. /// /// See the [module-level documentation](self) for more. #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] pub mod v1 { #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] pub use super::common::*; // Do not `doc(inline)` these `doc(hidden)` items. #[unstable( feature = "rustc_encodable_decodable", issue = "none", soft, reason = "derive macro for `rustc-serialize`; should not be used in new code" )] #[allow(deprecated)] pub use core::prelude::v1::{RustcDecodable, RustcEncodable}; } /// The 2015 version of the prelude of The Rust Standard Library. /// /// See the [module-level documentation](self) for more. #[stable(feature = "prelude_2015", since = "1.55.0")] pub mod rust_2015 { #[stable(feature = "prelude_2015", since = "1.55.0")] #[doc(no_inline)] pub use super::v1::*; } /// The 2018 version of the prelude of The Rust Standard Library. /// /// See the [module-level documentation](self) for more. #[stable(feature = "prelude_2018", since = "1.55.0")] pub mod rust_2018 { #[stable(feature = "prelude_2018", since = "1.55.0")] #[doc(no_inline)] pub use super::v1::*; } /// The 2021 version of the prelude of The Rust Standard Library. /// /// See the [module-level documentation](self) for more. #[stable(feature = "prelude_2021", since = "1.55.0")] pub mod rust_2021 { #[stable(feature = "prelude_2021", since = "1.55.0")] #[doc(no_inline)] pub use super::v1::*; #[stable(feature = "prelude_2021", since = "1.55.0")] #[doc(no_inline)] pub use core::prelude::rust_2021::*; } /// The 2024 version of the prelude of The Rust Standard Library. /// /// See the [module-level documentation](self) for more. #[stable(feature = "prelude_2024", since = "1.85.0")] pub mod rust_2024 { #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] pub use super::common::*; #[stable(feature = "prelude_2024", since = "1.85.0")] #[doc(no_inline)] pub use core::prelude::rust_2024::*; }