Rollup merge of #139042 - compiler-errors:do-not-optimize-switchint, r=saethlin

Do not remove trivial `SwitchInt` in analysis MIR

This PR ensures that we don't prematurely remove trivial `SwitchInt` terminators which affects both the borrow-checking and runtime semantics (i.e. UB) of the code. Previously the `SimplifyCfg` optimization was removing `SwitchInt` terminators when they was "trivial", i.e. when all arms branched to the same basic block, even if that `SwitchInt` terminator had the side-effect of reading an operand which (for example) may not be initialized or may point to an invalid place in memory.

This behavior is unlike all other optimizations, which are only applied after "analysis" (i.e. borrow-checking) is finished, and which Miri disables to make sure the compiler doesn't silently remove UB.

Fixing this code "breaks" (i.e. unmasks) code that used to borrow-check but no longer does, like:

```rust
fn foo() {
    let x;
    let (0 | _) = x;
}
```

This match expression should perform a read because `_` does not shadow the `0` literal pattern, and the compiler should have to read the match scrutinee to compare it to 0. I've checked that this behavior does not actually manifest in practice via a crater run which came back clean: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/139042#issuecomment-2767436367

As a side-note, it may be tempting to suggest that this is actually a good thing or that we should preserve this behavior. If we wanted to make this work (i.e. trivially optimize out reads from matches that are redundant like `0 | _`), then we should be enabling this behavior *after* fixing this. However, I think it's kinda unprincipled, and for example other variations of the code don't even work today, e.g.:

```rust
fn foo() {
    let x;
    let (0.. | _) = x;
}
```

18 files changed, 197 insertions, 51 deletions

diff --git a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/tests.rs b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/tests.rs
index d405d044cae..5c8c51c8bbc 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/tests.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/tests.rs
@@ -818,8 +818,8 @@ fn test_unstable_options_tracking_hash() {
     tracked!(min_function_alignment, Some(Align::EIGHT));
     tracked!(mir_emit_retag, true);
     tracked!(mir_enable_passes, vec![("DestProp".to_string(), false)]);
-    tracked!(mir_keep_place_mention, true);
     tracked!(mir_opt_level, Some(4));
+    tracked!(mir_preserve_ub, true);
     tracked!(move_size_limit, Some(4096));
     tracked!(mutable_noalias, false);
     tracked!(next_solver, NextSolverConfig { coherence: true, globally: true });
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/early_otherwise_branch.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/early_otherwise_branch.rs
index d49f5d9f9c3..c7feb9e949b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/early_otherwise_branch.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/early_otherwise_branch.rs
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ impl<'tcx> crate::MirPass<'tcx> for EarlyOtherwiseBranch {
         // Since this optimization adds new basic blocks and invalidates others,
         // clean up the cfg to make it nicer for other passes
         if should_cleanup {
-            simplify_cfg(body);
+            simplify_cfg(tcx, body);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/inline.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/inline.rs
index 69e80ed54ea..c5732194424 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/inline.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/inline.rs
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ impl<'tcx> crate::MirPass<'tcx> for Inline {
         let _guard = span.enter();
         if inline::<NormalInliner<'tcx>>(tcx, body) {
             debug!("running simplify cfg on {:?}", body.source);
-            simplify_cfg(body);
+            simplify_cfg(tcx, body);
             deref_finder(tcx, body);
         }
     }
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ impl<'tcx> crate::MirPass<'tcx> for ForceInline {
         let _guard = span.enter();
         if inline::<ForceInliner<'tcx>>(tcx, body) {
             debug!("running simplify cfg on {:?}", body.source);
-            simplify_cfg(body);
+            simplify_cfg(tcx, body);
             deref_finder(tcx, body);
         }
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/match_branches.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/match_branches.rs
index 5059837328e..b37241185c9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/match_branches.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/match_branches.rs
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ impl<'tcx> crate::MirPass<'tcx> for MatchBranchSimplification {
         }
 
         if should_cleanup {
-            simplify_cfg(body);
+            simplify_cfg(tcx, body);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/remove_place_mention.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/remove_place_mention.rs
index 15fe77d5319..cb598ceb4df 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/remove_place_mention.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/remove_place_mention.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ pub(super) struct RemovePlaceMention;
 
 impl<'tcx> crate::MirPass<'tcx> for RemovePlaceMention {
     fn is_enabled(&self, sess: &rustc_session::Session) -> bool {
-        !sess.opts.unstable_opts.mir_keep_place_mention
+        !sess.opts.unstable_opts.mir_preserve_ub
     }
 
     fn run_pass(&self, _: TyCtxt<'tcx>, body: &mut Body<'tcx>) {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/remove_unneeded_drops.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/remove_unneeded_drops.rs
index 8a8cdafc690..43f80508e4a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/remove_unneeded_drops.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/remove_unneeded_drops.rs
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ impl<'tcx> crate::MirPass<'tcx> for RemoveUnneededDrops {
         // if we applied optimizations, we potentially have some cfg to cleanup to
         // make it easier for further passes
         if should_simplify {
-            simplify_cfg(body);
+            simplify_cfg(tcx, body);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/simplify.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/simplify.rs
index 5947637cded..4f2cce8ac10 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/simplify.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/simplify.rs
@@ -26,6 +26,13 @@
 //! Here the block (`{ return; }`) has the return type `char`, rather than `()`, but the MIR we
 //! naively generate still contains the `_a = ()` write in the unreachable block "after" the
 //! return.
+//!
+//! **WARNING**: This is one of the few optimizations that runs on built and analysis MIR, and
+//! so its effects may affect the type-checking, borrow-checking, and other analysis of MIR.
+//! We must be extremely careful to only apply optimizations that preserve UB and all
+//! non-determinism, since changes here can affect which programs compile in an insta-stable way.
+//! The normal logic that a program with UB can be changed to do anything does not apply to
+//! pre-"runtime" MIR!
 
 use rustc_index::{Idx, IndexSlice, IndexVec};
 use rustc_middle::mir::visit::{MutVisitor, MutatingUseContext, PlaceContext, Visitor};
@@ -66,8 +73,8 @@ impl SimplifyCfg {
     }
 }
 
-pub(super) fn simplify_cfg(body: &mut Body<'_>) {
-    CfgSimplifier::new(body).simplify();
+pub(super) fn simplify_cfg<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, body: &mut Body<'tcx>) {
+    CfgSimplifier::new(tcx, body).simplify();
     remove_dead_blocks(body);
 
     // FIXME: Should probably be moved into some kind of pass manager
@@ -79,9 +86,9 @@ impl<'tcx> crate::MirPass<'tcx> for SimplifyCfg {
         self.name()
     }
 
-    fn run_pass(&self, _: TyCtxt<'tcx>, body: &mut Body<'tcx>) {
+    fn run_pass(&self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, body: &mut Body<'tcx>) {
         debug!("SimplifyCfg({:?}) - simplifying {:?}", self.name(), body.source);
-        simplify_cfg(body);
+        simplify_cfg(tcx, body);
     }
 
     fn is_required(&self) -> bool {
@@ -90,12 +97,13 @@ impl<'tcx> crate::MirPass<'tcx> for SimplifyCfg {
 }
 
 struct CfgSimplifier<'a, 'tcx> {
+    preserve_switch_reads: bool,
     basic_blocks: &'a mut IndexSlice<BasicBlock, BasicBlockData<'tcx>>,
     pred_count: IndexVec<BasicBlock, u32>,
 }
 
 impl<'a, 'tcx> CfgSimplifier<'a, 'tcx> {
-    fn new(body: &'a mut Body<'tcx>) -> Self {
+    fn new(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, body: &'a mut Body<'tcx>) -> Self {
         let mut pred_count = IndexVec::from_elem(0u32, &body.basic_blocks);
 
         // we can't use mir.predecessors() here because that counts
@@ -110,9 +118,12 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> CfgSimplifier<'a, 'tcx> {
             }
         }
 
+        // Preserve `SwitchInt` reads on built and analysis MIR, or if `-Zmir-preserve-ub`.
+        let preserve_switch_reads = matches!(body.phase, MirPhase::Built | MirPhase::Analysis(_))
+            || tcx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.mir_preserve_ub;
         let basic_blocks = body.basic_blocks_mut();
 
-        CfgSimplifier { basic_blocks, pred_count }
+        CfgSimplifier { preserve_switch_reads, basic_blocks, pred_count }
     }
 
     fn simplify(mut self) {
@@ -253,9 +264,15 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> CfgSimplifier<'a, 'tcx> {
 
     // turn a branch with all successors identical to a goto
     fn simplify_branch(&mut self, terminator: &mut Terminator<'tcx>) -> bool {
-        match terminator.kind {
-            TerminatorKind::SwitchInt { .. } => {}
-            _ => return false,
+        // Removing a `SwitchInt` terminator may remove reads that result in UB,
+        // so we must not apply this optimization before borrowck or when
+        // `-Zmir-preserve-ub` is set.
+        if self.preserve_switch_reads {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        let TerminatorKind::SwitchInt { .. } = terminator.kind else {
+            return false;
         };
 
         let first_succ = {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_session/src/options.rs b/compiler/rustc_session/src/options.rs
index 1b0794f79d3..36eee5f3086 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_session/src/options.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_session/src/options.rs
@@ -2322,12 +2322,12 @@ options! {
     mir_include_spans: MirIncludeSpans = (MirIncludeSpans::default(), parse_mir_include_spans, [UNTRACKED],
         "include extra comments in mir pretty printing, like line numbers and statement indices, \
          details about types, etc. (boolean for all passes, 'nll' to enable in NLL MIR only, default: 'nll')"),
-    mir_keep_place_mention: bool = (false, parse_bool, [TRACKED],
-        "keep place mention MIR statements, interpreted e.g., by miri; implies -Zmir-opt-level=0 \
-        (default: no)"),
     #[rustc_lint_opt_deny_field_access("use `Session::mir_opt_level` instead of this field")]
     mir_opt_level: Option<usize> = (None, parse_opt_number, [TRACKED],
         "MIR optimization level (0-4; default: 1 in non optimized builds and 2 in optimized builds)"),
+    mir_preserve_ub: bool = (false, parse_bool, [TRACKED],
+        "keep place mention statements and reads in trivial SwitchInt terminators, which are interpreted \
+        e.g., by miri; implies -Zmir-opt-level=0 (default: no)"),
     mir_strip_debuginfo: MirStripDebugInfo = (MirStripDebugInfo::None, parse_mir_strip_debuginfo, [TRACKED],
         "Whether to remove some of the MIR debug info from methods.  Default: None"),
     move_size_limit: Option<usize> = (None, parse_opt_number, [TRACKED],
diff --git a/src/tools/miri/src/lib.rs b/src/tools/miri/src/lib.rs
index 5921ba86639..b6b2684dc6d 100644
--- a/src/tools/miri/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/tools/miri/src/lib.rs
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ pub const MIRI_DEFAULT_ARGS: &[&str] = &[
     "-Zalways-encode-mir",
     "-Zextra-const-ub-checks",
     "-Zmir-emit-retag",
-    "-Zmir-keep-place-mention",
+    "-Zmir-preserve-ub",
     "-Zmir-opt-level=0",
     "-Zmir-enable-passes=-CheckAlignment,-CheckNull",
     // Deduplicating diagnostics means we miss events when tracking what happens during an
diff --git a/src/tools/miri/tests/fail/read_from_trivial_switch.rs b/src/tools/miri/tests/fail/read_from_trivial_switch.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d34b1cd5820
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/miri/tests/fail/read_from_trivial_switch.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Ensure that we don't optimize out `SwitchInt` reads even if that terminator
+// branches to the same basic block on every target, since the operand may have
+// side-effects that affect analysis of the MIR.
+//
+// See <https://github.com/rust-lang/miri/issues/4237>.
+
+use std::mem::MaybeUninit;
+
+fn main() {
+    let uninit: MaybeUninit<i32> = MaybeUninit::uninit();
+    let bad_ref: &i32 = unsafe { uninit.assume_init_ref() };
+    let &(0 | _) = bad_ref;
+    //~^ ERROR: Undefined Behavior: using uninitialized data, but this operation requires initialized memory
+}
diff --git a/src/tools/miri/tests/fail/read_from_trivial_switch.stderr b/src/tools/miri/tests/fail/read_from_trivial_switch.stderr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6b3d4539b96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/miri/tests/fail/read_from_trivial_switch.stderr
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+error: Undefined Behavior: using uninitialized data, but this operation requires initialized memory
+  --> tests/fail/read_from_trivial_switch.rs:LL:CC
+   |
+LL |     let &(0 | _) = bad_ref;
+   |         ^^^^^^^^ using uninitialized data, but this operation requires initialized memory
+   |
+   = help: this indicates a bug in the program: it performed an invalid operation, and caused Undefined Behavior
+   = help: see https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/reference/behavior-considered-undefined.html for further information
+   = note: BACKTRACE:
+   = note: inside `main` at tests/fail/read_from_trivial_switch.rs:LL:CC
+
+note: some details are omitted, run with `MIRIFLAGS=-Zmiri-backtrace=full` for a verbose backtrace
+
+error: aborting due to 1 previous error
+
diff --git a/tests/mir-opt/building/match/exponential_or.match_tuple.SimplifyCfg-initial.after.mir b/tests/mir-opt/building/match/exponential_or.match_tuple.SimplifyCfg-initial.after.mir
index d52241b459e..2a965fe67b9 100644
--- a/tests/mir-opt/building/match/exponential_or.match_tuple.SimplifyCfg-initial.after.mir
+++ b/tests/mir-opt/building/match/exponential_or.match_tuple.SimplifyCfg-initial.after.mir
@@ -24,43 +24,47 @@ fn match_tuple(_1: (u32, bool, Option<i32>, u32)) -> u32 {
 
     bb1: {
         _0 = const 0_u32;
-        goto -> bb10;
+        goto -> bb11;
     }
 
     bb2: {
-        _2 = discriminant((_1.2: std::option::Option<i32>));
-        switchInt(move _2) -> [0: bb4, 1: bb3, otherwise: bb1];
+        switchInt(copy (_1.1: bool)) -> [0: bb3, otherwise: bb3];
     }
 
     bb3: {
-        switchInt(copy (((_1.2: std::option::Option<i32>) as Some).0: i32)) -> [1: bb4, 8: bb4, otherwise: bb1];
+        _2 = discriminant((_1.2: std::option::Option<i32>));
+        switchInt(move _2) -> [0: bb5, 1: bb4, otherwise: bb1];
     }
 
     bb4: {
-        _5 = Le(const 6_u32, copy (_1.3: u32));
-        switchInt(move _5) -> [0: bb5, otherwise: bb7];
+        switchInt(copy (((_1.2: std::option::Option<i32>) as Some).0: i32)) -> [1: bb5, 8: bb5, otherwise: bb1];
     }
 
     bb5: {
-        _3 = Le(const 13_u32, copy (_1.3: u32));
-        switchInt(move _3) -> [0: bb1, otherwise: bb6];
+        _5 = Le(const 6_u32, copy (_1.3: u32));
+        switchInt(move _5) -> [0: bb6, otherwise: bb8];
     }
 
     bb6: {
-        _4 = Le(copy (_1.3: u32), const 16_u32);
-        switchInt(move _4) -> [0: bb1, otherwise: bb8];
+        _3 = Le(const 13_u32, copy (_1.3: u32));
+        switchInt(move _3) -> [0: bb1, otherwise: bb7];
     }
 
     bb7: {
-        _6 = Le(copy (_1.3: u32), const 9_u32);
-        switchInt(move _6) -> [0: bb5, otherwise: bb8];
+        _4 = Le(copy (_1.3: u32), const 16_u32);
+        switchInt(move _4) -> [0: bb1, otherwise: bb9];
     }
 
     bb8: {
-        falseEdge -> [real: bb9, imaginary: bb1];
+        _6 = Le(copy (_1.3: u32), const 9_u32);
+        switchInt(move _6) -> [0: bb6, otherwise: bb9];
     }
 
     bb9: {
+        falseEdge -> [real: bb10, imaginary: bb1];
+    }
+
+    bb10: {
         StorageLive(_7);
         _7 = copy (_1.0: u32);
         StorageLive(_8);
@@ -74,10 +78,10 @@ fn match_tuple(_1: (u32, bool, Option<i32>, u32)) -> u32 {
         StorageDead(_9);
         StorageDead(_8);
         StorageDead(_7);
-        goto -> bb10;
+        goto -> bb11;
     }
 
-    bb10: {
+    bb11: {
         return;
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/mir-opt/dead-store-elimination/place_mention.rs b/tests/mir-opt/dead-store-elimination/place_mention.rs
index 5e4a286a208..1848a028297 100644
--- a/tests/mir-opt/dead-store-elimination/place_mention.rs
+++ b/tests/mir-opt/dead-store-elimination/place_mention.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // and don't remove it as a dead store.
 //
 //@ test-mir-pass: DeadStoreElimination-initial
-//@ compile-flags: -Zmir-keep-place-mention
+//@ compile-flags: -Zmir-preserve-ub
 
 // EMIT_MIR place_mention.main.DeadStoreElimination-initial.diff
 fn main() {
diff --git a/tests/mir-opt/or_pattern.single_switchint.SimplifyCfg-initial.after.mir b/tests/mir-opt/or_pattern.single_switchint.SimplifyCfg-initial.after.mir
index 889ff6f9f5e..be0931eaa61 100644
--- a/tests/mir-opt/or_pattern.single_switchint.SimplifyCfg-initial.after.mir
+++ b/tests/mir-opt/or_pattern.single_switchint.SimplifyCfg-initial.after.mir
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ fn single_switchint() -> () {
     }
 
     bb1: {
-        switchInt(copy (_2.0: i32)) -> [3: bb8, 4: bb8, otherwise: bb7];
+        switchInt(copy (_2.0: i32)) -> [3: bb9, 4: bb9, otherwise: bb8];
     }
 
     bb2: {
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ fn single_switchint() -> () {
     }
 
     bb3: {
-        falseEdge -> [real: bb12, imaginary: bb4];
+        falseEdge -> [real: bb14, imaginary: bb4];
     }
 
     bb4: {
@@ -30,43 +30,51 @@ fn single_switchint() -> () {
     }
 
     bb5: {
-        falseEdge -> [real: bb11, imaginary: bb6];
+        falseEdge -> [real: bb13, imaginary: bb6];
     }
 
     bb6: {
-        falseEdge -> [real: bb10, imaginary: bb1];
+        switchInt(copy (_2.1: bool)) -> [0: bb7, otherwise: bb7];
     }
 
     bb7: {
-        _1 = const 5_i32;
-        goto -> bb13;
+        falseEdge -> [real: bb12, imaginary: bb1];
     }
 
     bb8: {
-        falseEdge -> [real: bb9, imaginary: bb7];
+        _1 = const 5_i32;
+        goto -> bb15;
     }
 
     bb9: {
-        _1 = const 4_i32;
-        goto -> bb13;
+        switchInt(copy (_2.1: bool)) -> [0: bb10, otherwise: bb10];
     }
 
     bb10: {
-        _1 = const 3_i32;
-        goto -> bb13;
+        falseEdge -> [real: bb11, imaginary: bb8];
     }
 
     bb11: {
-        _1 = const 2_i32;
-        goto -> bb13;
+        _1 = const 4_i32;
+        goto -> bb15;
     }
 
     bb12: {
-        _1 = const 1_i32;
-        goto -> bb13;
+        _1 = const 3_i32;
+        goto -> bb15;
     }
 
     bb13: {
+        _1 = const 2_i32;
+        goto -> bb15;
+    }
+
+    bb14: {
+        _1 = const 1_i32;
+        goto -> bb15;
+    }
+
+    bb15: {
         StorageDead(_2);
         StorageDead(_1);
         _0 = const ();
diff --git a/tests/mir-opt/read_from_trivial_switch.main.SimplifyCfg-initial.diff b/tests/mir-opt/read_from_trivial_switch.main.SimplifyCfg-initial.diff
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..87758408a1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mir-opt/read_from_trivial_switch.main.SimplifyCfg-initial.diff
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+- // MIR for `main` before SimplifyCfg-initial
++ // MIR for `main` after SimplifyCfg-initial
+  
+  fn main() -> () {
+      let mut _0: ();
+      let _1: &i32;
+      let _2: i32;
+      scope 1 {
+          debug ref_ => _1;
+          scope 2 {
+          }
+      }
+  
+      bb0: {
+          StorageLive(_1);
+          StorageLive(_2);
+          _2 = const 1_i32;
+          _1 = &_2;
+          FakeRead(ForLet(None), _1);
+          PlaceMention(_1);
+-         switchInt(copy (*_1)) -> [0: bb2, otherwise: bb1];
++         switchInt(copy (*_1)) -> [0: bb1, otherwise: bb1];
+      }
+  
+      bb1: {
+-         goto -> bb5;
+-     }
+- 
+-     bb2: {
+-         goto -> bb5;
+-     }
+- 
+-     bb3: {
+-         goto -> bb1;
+-     }
+- 
+-     bb4: {
+-         FakeRead(ForMatchedPlace(None), _1);
+-         unreachable;
+-     }
+- 
+-     bb5: {
+          _0 = const ();
+          StorageDead(_2);
+          StorageDead(_1);
+          return;
+      }
+  }
+  
diff --git a/tests/mir-opt/read_from_trivial_switch.rs b/tests/mir-opt/read_from_trivial_switch.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1c64c1d45e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mir-opt/read_from_trivial_switch.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// Ensure that we don't optimize out `SwitchInt` reads even if that terminator
+// branches to the same basic block on every target, since the operand may have
+// side-effects that affect analysis of the MIR.
+//
+// See <https://github.com/rust-lang/miri/issues/4237>.
+
+//@ test-mir-pass: SimplifyCfg-initial
+//@ compile-flags: -Zmir-preserve-ub
+
+// EMIT_MIR read_from_trivial_switch.main.SimplifyCfg-initial.diff
+fn main() {
+    let ref_ = &1i32;
+    // CHECK: switchInt
+    let &(0 | _) = ref_;
+}
diff --git a/tests/ui/pattern/uninit-trivial.rs b/tests/ui/pattern/uninit-trivial.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6ea6796c1c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/pattern/uninit-trivial.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// Regression test for the semantic changes in
+// <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/139042>.
+
+fn main() {
+    let x;
+    let (0 | _) = x;
+    //~^ ERROR used binding `x` isn't initialized
+}
diff --git a/tests/ui/pattern/uninit-trivial.stderr b/tests/ui/pattern/uninit-trivial.stderr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2ff8557c945
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/pattern/uninit-trivial.stderr
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+error[E0381]: used binding `x` isn't initialized
+  --> $DIR/uninit-trivial.rs:6:10
+   |
+LL |     let x;
+   |         - binding declared here but left uninitialized
+LL |     let (0 | _) = x;
+   |          ^^^^^ `x` used here but it isn't initialized
+   |
+help: consider assigning a value
+   |
+LL |     let x = 42;
+   |           ++++
+
+error: aborting due to 1 previous error
+
+For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0381`.