Add lint against integer to pointer transmutes

6 files changed, 406 insertions, 1 deletions

diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_lint/messages.ftl
index 940a07c94df..417e5a97069 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/messages.ftl
@@ -462,6 +462,14 @@ lint_invalid_reference_casting_note_book = for more information, visit <https://
 
 lint_invalid_reference_casting_note_ty_has_interior_mutability = even for types with interior mutability, the only legal way to obtain a mutable pointer from a shared reference is through `UnsafeCell::get`
 
+lint_int_to_ptr_transmutes = transmuting an integer to a pointer creates a pointer without provenance
+    .note = this is dangerous because dereferencing the resulting pointer is undefined behavior
+    .note_exposed_provenance = exposed provenance semantics can be used to create a pointer based on some previously exposed provenance
+    .help_transmute = for more information about transmute, see <https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn.transmute.html#transmutation-between-pointers-and-integers>
+    .help_exposed_provenance = for more information about exposed provenance, see <https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#exposed-provenance>
+    .suggestion_with_exposed_provenance = use `std::ptr::with_exposed_provenance{$suffix}` instead to use a previously exposed provenance
+    .suggestion_without_provenance_mut = if you truly mean to create a pointer without provenance, use `std::ptr::without_provenance_mut`
+
 lint_legacy_derive_helpers = derive helper attribute is used before it is introduced
     .label = the attribute is introduced here
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/lints.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/lints.rs
index 6c509734626..5c91b36133b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/lints.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/lints.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+// ignore-tidy-filelength
+
 #![allow(rustc::untranslatable_diagnostic)]
 use std::num::NonZero;
 
@@ -1542,6 +1544,46 @@ impl<'a> LintDiagnostic<'a, ()> for DropGlue<'_> {
     }
 }
 
+// transmute.rs
+#[derive(LintDiagnostic)]
+#[diag(lint_int_to_ptr_transmutes)]
+#[note]
+#[note(lint_note_exposed_provenance)]
+#[help(lint_suggestion_without_provenance_mut)]
+#[help(lint_help_transmute)]
+#[help(lint_help_exposed_provenance)]
+pub(crate) struct IntegerToPtrTransmutes<'tcx> {
+    #[subdiagnostic]
+    pub suggestion: IntegerToPtrTransmutesSuggestion<'tcx>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Subdiagnostic)]
+pub(crate) enum IntegerToPtrTransmutesSuggestion<'tcx> {
+    #[multipart_suggestion(
+        lint_suggestion_with_exposed_provenance,
+        applicability = "machine-applicable"
+    )]
+    ToPtr {
+        dst: Ty<'tcx>,
+        suffix: &'static str,
+        #[suggestion_part(code = "std::ptr::with_exposed_provenance{suffix}::<{dst}>(")]
+        start_call: Span,
+    },
+    #[multipart_suggestion(
+        lint_suggestion_with_exposed_provenance,
+        applicability = "machine-applicable"
+    )]
+    ToRef {
+        dst: Ty<'tcx>,
+        suffix: &'static str,
+        ref_mutbl: &'static str,
+        #[suggestion_part(
+            code = "&{ref_mutbl}*std::ptr::with_exposed_provenance{suffix}::<{dst}>("
+        )]
+        start_call: Span,
+    },
+}
+
 // types.rs
 #[derive(LintDiagnostic)]
 #[diag(lint_range_endpoint_out_of_range)]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/transmute.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/transmute.rs
index bc1d4587d07..239c8649041 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/transmute.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/transmute.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+use rustc_ast::LitKind;
 use rustc_errors::Applicability;
 use rustc_hir::def::{DefKind, Res};
 use rustc_hir::def_id::LocalDefId;
@@ -7,6 +8,7 @@ use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty};
 use rustc_session::{declare_lint, impl_lint_pass};
 use rustc_span::sym;
 
+use crate::lints::{IntegerToPtrTransmutes, IntegerToPtrTransmutesSuggestion};
 use crate::{LateContext, LateLintPass};
 
 declare_lint! {
@@ -67,9 +69,44 @@ declare_lint! {
     "detects transmutes that can also be achieved by other operations"
 }
 
+declare_lint! {
+    /// The `integer_to_ptr_transmutes` lint detects integer to pointer
+    /// transmutes where the resulting pointers are undefined behavior to dereference.
+    ///
+    /// ### Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// fn foo(a: usize) -> *const u8 {
+    ///    unsafe {
+    ///        std::mem::transmute::<usize, *const u8>(a)
+    ///    }
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// {{produces}}
+    ///
+    /// ### Explanation
+    ///
+    /// Any attempt to use the resulting pointers are undefined behavior as the resulting
+    /// pointers won't have any provenance.
+    ///
+    /// Alternatively, [`std::ptr::with_exposed_provenance`] should be used, as they do not
+    /// carry the provenance requirement. If wanting to create pointers without provenance
+    /// [`std::ptr::without_provenance`] should be used instead.
+    ///
+    /// See [`std::mem::transmute`] in the reference for more details.
+    ///
+    /// [`std::mem::transmute`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn.transmute.html
+    /// [`std::ptr::with_exposed_provenance`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/fn.with_exposed_provenance.html
+    /// [`std::ptr::without_provenance`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/fn.without_provenance.html
+    pub INTEGER_TO_PTR_TRANSMUTES,
+    Warn,
+    "detects integer to pointer transmutes",
+}
+
 pub(crate) struct CheckTransmutes;
 
-impl_lint_pass!(CheckTransmutes => [PTR_TO_INTEGER_TRANSMUTE_IN_CONSTS, UNNECESSARY_TRANSMUTES]);
+impl_lint_pass!(CheckTransmutes => [PTR_TO_INTEGER_TRANSMUTE_IN_CONSTS, UNNECESSARY_TRANSMUTES, INTEGER_TO_PTR_TRANSMUTES]);
 
 impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for CheckTransmutes {
     fn check_expr(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, expr: &'tcx hir::Expr<'tcx>) {
@@ -94,9 +131,62 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for CheckTransmutes {
 
         check_ptr_transmute_in_const(cx, expr, body_owner_def_id, const_context, src, dst);
         check_unnecessary_transmute(cx, expr, callee, arg, const_context, src, dst);
+        check_int_to_ptr_transmute(cx, expr, arg, src, dst);
     }
 }
 
+/// Check for transmutes from integer to pointers (*const/*mut and &/&mut).
+///
+/// Using the resulting pointers would be undefined behavior.
+fn check_int_to_ptr_transmute<'tcx>(
+    cx: &LateContext<'tcx>,
+    expr: &'tcx hir::Expr<'tcx>,
+    arg: &'tcx hir::Expr<'tcx>,
+    src: Ty<'tcx>,
+    dst: Ty<'tcx>,
+) {
+    if !matches!(src.kind(), ty::Uint(_) | ty::Int(_)) {
+        return;
+    }
+    let (ty::Ref(_, inner_ty, mutbl) | ty::RawPtr(inner_ty, mutbl)) = dst.kind() else {
+        return;
+    };
+    // bail-out if the argument is literal 0 as we have other lints for those cases
+    if matches!(arg.kind, hir::ExprKind::Lit(hir::Lit { node: LitKind::Int(v, _), .. }) if v == 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+    // bail-out if the inner type is a ZST
+    let Ok(layout_inner_ty) = cx.tcx.layout_of(cx.typing_env().as_query_input(*inner_ty)) else {
+        return;
+    };
+    if layout_inner_ty.is_1zst() {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let suffix = if mutbl.is_mut() { "_mut" } else { "" };
+    cx.tcx.emit_node_span_lint(
+        INTEGER_TO_PTR_TRANSMUTES,
+        expr.hir_id,
+        expr.span,
+        IntegerToPtrTransmutes {
+            suggestion: if dst.is_ref() {
+                IntegerToPtrTransmutesSuggestion::ToRef {
+                    dst: *inner_ty,
+                    suffix,
+                    ref_mutbl: mutbl.prefix_str(),
+                    start_call: expr.span.shrink_to_lo().until(arg.span),
+                }
+            } else {
+                IntegerToPtrTransmutesSuggestion::ToPtr {
+                    dst: *inner_ty,
+                    suffix,
+                    start_call: expr.span.shrink_to_lo().until(arg.span),
+                }
+            },
+        },
+    );
+}
+
 /// Check for transmutes that exhibit undefined behavior.
 /// For example, transmuting pointers to integers in a const context.
 ///
diff --git a/tests/ui/lint/int_to_ptr.fixed b/tests/ui/lint/int_to_ptr.fixed
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8f373492e6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/lint/int_to_ptr.fixed
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Checks for the `integer_to_pointer_transmutes` lint
+
+//@ check-pass
+//@ run-rustfix
+
+#![allow(unused_unsafe)]
+#![allow(dead_code)]
+
+unsafe fn should_lint(a: usize) {
+    let _ptr: *const u8 = unsafe { std::ptr::with_exposed_provenance::<u8>(a) };
+    //~^ WARN transmuting an integer to a pointer
+    let _ptr: *mut u8 = unsafe { std::ptr::with_exposed_provenance_mut::<u8>(a) };
+    //~^ WARN transmuting an integer to a pointer
+    let _ref: &'static u8 = unsafe { &*std::ptr::with_exposed_provenance::<u8>(a) };
+    //~^ WARN transmuting an integer to a pointer
+    let _ref: &'static mut u8 = unsafe { &mut *std::ptr::with_exposed_provenance_mut::<u8>(a) };
+    //~^ WARN transmuting an integer to a pointer
+
+    let _ptr = unsafe { std::ptr::with_exposed_provenance::<u8>(42usize) };
+    //~^ WARN transmuting an integer to a pointer
+    let _ptr = unsafe { std::ptr::with_exposed_provenance::<u8>(a + a) };
+    //~^ WARN transmuting an integer to a pointer
+}
+
+const unsafe fn should_lintin_const(a: usize) {
+    let _ptr: *const u8 = unsafe { std::ptr::with_exposed_provenance::<u8>(a) };
+    //~^ WARN transmuting an integer to a pointer
+    let _ptr: *mut u8 = unsafe { std::ptr::with_exposed_provenance_mut::<u8>(a) };
+    //~^ WARN transmuting an integer to a pointer
+    let _ref: &'static u8 = unsafe { &*std::ptr::with_exposed_provenance::<u8>(a) };
+    //~^ WARN transmuting an integer to a pointer
+    let _ref: &'static mut u8 = unsafe { &mut *std::ptr::with_exposed_provenance_mut::<u8>(a) };
+    //~^ WARN transmuting an integer to a pointer
+
+    let _ptr = unsafe { std::ptr::with_exposed_provenance::<u8>(42usize) };
+    //~^ WARN transmuting an integer to a pointer
+    let _ptr = unsafe { std::ptr::with_exposed_provenance::<u8>(a + a) };
+    //~^ WARN transmuting an integer to a pointer
+}
+
+unsafe fn should_not_lint(a: usize) {
+    let _ptr = unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<usize, *const u8>(0usize) }; // linted by other lints
+    let _ptr = unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<usize, *const ()>(a) }; // inner type is a ZST
+    let _ptr = unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<usize, fn()>(a) }; // omit fn-ptr for now
+}
+
+fn main() {}
diff --git a/tests/ui/lint/int_to_ptr.rs b/tests/ui/lint/int_to_ptr.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7f60da47b85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/lint/int_to_ptr.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Checks for the `integer_to_pointer_transmutes` lint
+
+//@ check-pass
+//@ run-rustfix
+
+#![allow(unused_unsafe)]
+#![allow(dead_code)]
+
+unsafe fn should_lint(a: usize) {
+    let _ptr: *const u8 = unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<usize, *const u8>(a) };
+    //~^ WARN transmuting an integer to a pointer
+    let _ptr: *mut u8 = unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<usize, *mut u8>(a) };
+    //~^ WARN transmuting an integer to a pointer
+    let _ref: &'static u8 = unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<usize, &'static u8>(a) };
+    //~^ WARN transmuting an integer to a pointer
+    let _ref: &'static mut u8 = unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<usize, &'static mut u8>(a) };
+    //~^ WARN transmuting an integer to a pointer
+
+    let _ptr = unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<usize, *const u8>(42usize) };
+    //~^ WARN transmuting an integer to a pointer
+    let _ptr = unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<usize, *const u8>(a + a) };
+    //~^ WARN transmuting an integer to a pointer
+}
+
+const unsafe fn should_lintin_const(a: usize) {
+    let _ptr: *const u8 = unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<usize, *const u8>(a) };
+    //~^ WARN transmuting an integer to a pointer
+    let _ptr: *mut u8 = unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<usize, *mut u8>(a) };
+    //~^ WARN transmuting an integer to a pointer
+    let _ref: &'static u8 = unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<usize, &'static u8>(a) };
+    //~^ WARN transmuting an integer to a pointer
+    let _ref: &'static mut u8 = unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<usize, &'static mut u8>(a) };
+    //~^ WARN transmuting an integer to a pointer
+
+    let _ptr = unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<usize, *const u8>(42usize) };
+    //~^ WARN transmuting an integer to a pointer
+    let _ptr = unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<usize, *const u8>(a + a) };
+    //~^ WARN transmuting an integer to a pointer
+}
+
+unsafe fn should_not_lint(a: usize) {
+    let _ptr = unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<usize, *const u8>(0usize) }; // linted by other lints
+    let _ptr = unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<usize, *const ()>(a) }; // inner type is a ZST
+    let _ptr = unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<usize, fn()>(a) }; // omit fn-ptr for now
+}
+
+fn main() {}
diff --git a/tests/ui/lint/int_to_ptr.stderr b/tests/ui/lint/int_to_ptr.stderr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..437f6442397
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/lint/int_to_ptr.stderr
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+warning: transmuting an integer to a pointer creates a pointer without provenance
+  --> $DIR/int_to_ptr.rs:10:36
+   |
+LL |     let _ptr: *const u8 = unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<usize, *const u8>(a) };
+   |                                    ----------------------------------------^^
+   |                                    |
+   |                                    help: use `std::ptr::with_exposed_provenance` instead to use a previously exposed provenance: `std::ptr::with_exposed_provenance::<u8>(`
+   |
+   = note: this is dangerous because dereferencing the resulting pointer is undefined behavior
+   = note: exposed provenance semantics can be used to create a pointer based on some previously exposed provenance
+   = help: if you truly mean to create a pointer without provenance, use `std::ptr::without_provenance_mut`
+   = help: for more information about transmute, see <https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn.transmute.html#transmutation-between-pointers-and-integers>
+   = help: for more information about exposed provenance, see <https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#exposed-provenance>
+   = note: `#[warn(integer_to_ptr_transmutes)]` on by default
+
+warning: transmuting an integer to a pointer creates a pointer without provenance
+  --> $DIR/int_to_ptr.rs:12:34
+   |
+LL |     let _ptr: *mut u8 = unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<usize, *mut u8>(a) };
+   |                                  --------------------------------------^^
+   |                                  |
+   |                                  help: use `std::ptr::with_exposed_provenance_mut` instead to use a previously exposed provenance: `std::ptr::with_exposed_provenance_mut::<u8>(`
+   |
+   = note: this is dangerous because dereferencing the resulting pointer is undefined behavior
+   = note: exposed provenance semantics can be used to create a pointer based on some previously exposed provenance
+   = help: if you truly mean to create a pointer without provenance, use `std::ptr::without_provenance_mut`
+   = help: for more information about transmute, see <https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn.transmute.html#transmutation-between-pointers-and-integers>
+   = help: for more information about exposed provenance, see <https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#exposed-provenance>
+
+warning: transmuting an integer to a pointer creates a pointer without provenance
+  --> $DIR/int_to_ptr.rs:14:38
+   |
+LL |     let _ref: &'static u8 = unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<usize, &'static u8>(a) };
+   |                                      ------------------------------------------^^
+   |                                      |
+   |                                      help: use `std::ptr::with_exposed_provenance` instead to use a previously exposed provenance: `&*std::ptr::with_exposed_provenance::<u8>(`
+   |
+   = note: this is dangerous because dereferencing the resulting pointer is undefined behavior
+   = note: exposed provenance semantics can be used to create a pointer based on some previously exposed provenance
+   = help: if you truly mean to create a pointer without provenance, use `std::ptr::without_provenance_mut`
+   = help: for more information about transmute, see <https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn.transmute.html#transmutation-between-pointers-and-integers>
+   = help: for more information about exposed provenance, see <https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#exposed-provenance>
+
+warning: transmuting an integer to a pointer creates a pointer without provenance
+  --> $DIR/int_to_ptr.rs:16:42
+   |
+LL |     let _ref: &'static mut u8 = unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<usize, &'static mut u8>(a) };
+   |                                          ----------------------------------------------^^
+   |                                          |
+   |                                          help: use `std::ptr::with_exposed_provenance_mut` instead to use a previously exposed provenance: `&mut *std::ptr::with_exposed_provenance_mut::<u8>(`
+   |
+   = note: this is dangerous because dereferencing the resulting pointer is undefined behavior
+   = note: exposed provenance semantics can be used to create a pointer based on some previously exposed provenance
+   = help: if you truly mean to create a pointer without provenance, use `std::ptr::without_provenance_mut`
+   = help: for more information about transmute, see <https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn.transmute.html#transmutation-between-pointers-and-integers>
+   = help: for more information about exposed provenance, see <https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#exposed-provenance>
+
+warning: transmuting an integer to a pointer creates a pointer without provenance
+  --> $DIR/int_to_ptr.rs:19:25
+   |
+LL |     let _ptr = unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<usize, *const u8>(42usize) };
+   |                         ----------------------------------------^^^^^^^^
+   |                         |
+   |                         help: use `std::ptr::with_exposed_provenance` instead to use a previously exposed provenance: `std::ptr::with_exposed_provenance::<u8>(`
+   |
+   = note: this is dangerous because dereferencing the resulting pointer is undefined behavior
+   = note: exposed provenance semantics can be used to create a pointer based on some previously exposed provenance
+   = help: if you truly mean to create a pointer without provenance, use `std::ptr::without_provenance_mut`
+   = help: for more information about transmute, see <https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn.transmute.html#transmutation-between-pointers-and-integers>
+   = help: for more information about exposed provenance, see <https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#exposed-provenance>
+
+warning: transmuting an integer to a pointer creates a pointer without provenance
+  --> $DIR/int_to_ptr.rs:21:25
+   |
+LL |     let _ptr = unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<usize, *const u8>(a + a) };
+   |                         ----------------------------------------^^^^^^
+   |                         |
+   |                         help: use `std::ptr::with_exposed_provenance` instead to use a previously exposed provenance: `std::ptr::with_exposed_provenance::<u8>(`
+   |
+   = note: this is dangerous because dereferencing the resulting pointer is undefined behavior
+   = note: exposed provenance semantics can be used to create a pointer based on some previously exposed provenance
+   = help: if you truly mean to create a pointer without provenance, use `std::ptr::without_provenance_mut`
+   = help: for more information about transmute, see <https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn.transmute.html#transmutation-between-pointers-and-integers>
+   = help: for more information about exposed provenance, see <https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#exposed-provenance>
+
+warning: transmuting an integer to a pointer creates a pointer without provenance
+  --> $DIR/int_to_ptr.rs:26:36
+   |
+LL |     let _ptr: *const u8 = unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<usize, *const u8>(a) };
+   |                                    ----------------------------------------^^
+   |                                    |
+   |                                    help: use `std::ptr::with_exposed_provenance` instead to use a previously exposed provenance: `std::ptr::with_exposed_provenance::<u8>(`
+   |
+   = note: this is dangerous because dereferencing the resulting pointer is undefined behavior
+   = note: exposed provenance semantics can be used to create a pointer based on some previously exposed provenance
+   = help: if you truly mean to create a pointer without provenance, use `std::ptr::without_provenance_mut`
+   = help: for more information about transmute, see <https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn.transmute.html#transmutation-between-pointers-and-integers>
+   = help: for more information about exposed provenance, see <https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#exposed-provenance>
+
+warning: transmuting an integer to a pointer creates a pointer without provenance
+  --> $DIR/int_to_ptr.rs:28:34
+   |
+LL |     let _ptr: *mut u8 = unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<usize, *mut u8>(a) };
+   |                                  --------------------------------------^^
+   |                                  |
+   |                                  help: use `std::ptr::with_exposed_provenance_mut` instead to use a previously exposed provenance: `std::ptr::with_exposed_provenance_mut::<u8>(`
+   |
+   = note: this is dangerous because dereferencing the resulting pointer is undefined behavior
+   = note: exposed provenance semantics can be used to create a pointer based on some previously exposed provenance
+   = help: if you truly mean to create a pointer without provenance, use `std::ptr::without_provenance_mut`
+   = help: for more information about transmute, see <https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn.transmute.html#transmutation-between-pointers-and-integers>
+   = help: for more information about exposed provenance, see <https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#exposed-provenance>
+
+warning: transmuting an integer to a pointer creates a pointer without provenance
+  --> $DIR/int_to_ptr.rs:30:38
+   |
+LL |     let _ref: &'static u8 = unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<usize, &'static u8>(a) };
+   |                                      ------------------------------------------^^
+   |                                      |
+   |                                      help: use `std::ptr::with_exposed_provenance` instead to use a previously exposed provenance: `&*std::ptr::with_exposed_provenance::<u8>(`
+   |
+   = note: this is dangerous because dereferencing the resulting pointer is undefined behavior
+   = note: exposed provenance semantics can be used to create a pointer based on some previously exposed provenance
+   = help: if you truly mean to create a pointer without provenance, use `std::ptr::without_provenance_mut`
+   = help: for more information about transmute, see <https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn.transmute.html#transmutation-between-pointers-and-integers>
+   = help: for more information about exposed provenance, see <https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#exposed-provenance>
+
+warning: transmuting an integer to a pointer creates a pointer without provenance
+  --> $DIR/int_to_ptr.rs:32:42
+   |
+LL |     let _ref: &'static mut u8 = unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<usize, &'static mut u8>(a) };
+   |                                          ----------------------------------------------^^
+   |                                          |
+   |                                          help: use `std::ptr::with_exposed_provenance_mut` instead to use a previously exposed provenance: `&mut *std::ptr::with_exposed_provenance_mut::<u8>(`
+   |
+   = note: this is dangerous because dereferencing the resulting pointer is undefined behavior
+   = note: exposed provenance semantics can be used to create a pointer based on some previously exposed provenance
+   = help: if you truly mean to create a pointer without provenance, use `std::ptr::without_provenance_mut`
+   = help: for more information about transmute, see <https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn.transmute.html#transmutation-between-pointers-and-integers>
+   = help: for more information about exposed provenance, see <https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#exposed-provenance>
+
+warning: transmuting an integer to a pointer creates a pointer without provenance
+  --> $DIR/int_to_ptr.rs:35:25
+   |
+LL |     let _ptr = unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<usize, *const u8>(42usize) };
+   |                         ----------------------------------------^^^^^^^^
+   |                         |
+   |                         help: use `std::ptr::with_exposed_provenance` instead to use a previously exposed provenance: `std::ptr::with_exposed_provenance::<u8>(`
+   |
+   = note: this is dangerous because dereferencing the resulting pointer is undefined behavior
+   = note: exposed provenance semantics can be used to create a pointer based on some previously exposed provenance
+   = help: if you truly mean to create a pointer without provenance, use `std::ptr::without_provenance_mut`
+   = help: for more information about transmute, see <https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn.transmute.html#transmutation-between-pointers-and-integers>
+   = help: for more information about exposed provenance, see <https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#exposed-provenance>
+
+warning: transmuting an integer to a pointer creates a pointer without provenance
+  --> $DIR/int_to_ptr.rs:37:25
+   |
+LL |     let _ptr = unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<usize, *const u8>(a + a) };
+   |                         ----------------------------------------^^^^^^
+   |                         |
+   |                         help: use `std::ptr::with_exposed_provenance` instead to use a previously exposed provenance: `std::ptr::with_exposed_provenance::<u8>(`
+   |
+   = note: this is dangerous because dereferencing the resulting pointer is undefined behavior
+   = note: exposed provenance semantics can be used to create a pointer based on some previously exposed provenance
+   = help: if you truly mean to create a pointer without provenance, use `std::ptr::without_provenance_mut`
+   = help: for more information about transmute, see <https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn.transmute.html#transmutation-between-pointers-and-integers>
+   = help: for more information about exposed provenance, see <https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#exposed-provenance>
+
+warning: 12 warnings emitted
+