Rollup merge of #108379 - compiler-errors:hir-error-guaranteed, r=cjgillot

Add `ErrorGuaranteed` to `hir::{Expr,Ty}Kind::Err` variants

First step in making the `Err` variants of `ExprKind` and `TyKind` require an `ErrorGuaranteed` during parsing. Making the corresponding AST versions require `ErrorGuaranteed` is a bit harder, whereas it was pretty easy to do this for HIR, so let's do that first.

The only weird thing about this PR is that `ErrorGuaranteed` is moved to `rustc_span`. This is *certainly* not the right place to put it, but `rustc_hir` cannot depend on `rustc_error` because the latter already depends on the former. Should I just pull out some of the error machinery from `rustc_error` into an even more minimal crate that `rustc_hir` can depend on? Advice would be appreciated.

27 files changed, 111 insertions, 88 deletions

diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/expr.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/expr.rs
index dfe790b4851..d4fafe38638 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/expr.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/expr.rs
@@ -88,8 +88,8 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                             let kind = hir::ExprKind::Box(self.lower_expr(&inner));
                             return hir::Expr { hir_id, kind, span: self.lower_span(e.span) };
                         } else {
-                            self.tcx.sess.emit_err(RustcBoxAttributeError { span: e.span });
-                            hir::ExprKind::Err
+                            let guar = self.tcx.sess.emit_err(RustcBoxAttributeError { span: e.span });
+                            hir::ExprKind::Err(guar)
                         }
                     } else if let Some(legacy_args) = self.resolver.legacy_const_generic_args(f) {
                         self.lower_legacy_const_generics((**f).clone(), args.clone(), &legacy_args)
@@ -266,8 +266,8 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                     self.lower_expr_range(e.span, e1.as_deref(), e2.as_deref(), *lims)
                 }
                 ExprKind::Underscore => {
-                    self.tcx.sess.emit_err(UnderscoreExprLhsAssign { span: e.span });
-                    hir::ExprKind::Err
+                    let guar = self.tcx.sess.emit_err(UnderscoreExprLhsAssign { span: e.span });
+                    hir::ExprKind::Err(guar)
                 }
                 ExprKind::Path(qself, path) => {
                     let qpath = self.lower_qpath(
@@ -299,8 +299,9 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                     let rest = match &se.rest {
                         StructRest::Base(e) => Some(self.lower_expr(e)),
                         StructRest::Rest(sp) => {
-                            self.tcx.sess.emit_err(BaseExpressionDoubleDot { span: *sp });
-                            Some(&*self.arena.alloc(self.expr_err(*sp)))
+                            let guar =
+                                self.tcx.sess.emit_err(BaseExpressionDoubleDot { span: *sp });
+                            Some(&*self.arena.alloc(self.expr_err(*sp, guar)))
                         }
                         StructRest::None => None,
                     };
@@ -318,7 +319,9 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                     )
                 }
                 ExprKind::Yield(opt_expr) => self.lower_expr_yield(e.span, opt_expr.as_deref()),
-                ExprKind::Err => hir::ExprKind::Err,
+                ExprKind::Err => hir::ExprKind::Err(
+                    self.tcx.sess.delay_span_bug(e.span, "lowered ExprKind::Err"),
+                ),
                 ExprKind::Try(sub_expr) => self.lower_expr_try(e.span, sub_expr),
 
                 ExprKind::Paren(_) | ExprKind::ForLoop(..) => unreachable!("already handled"),
@@ -761,7 +764,7 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                 self.expr_ident_mut(span, task_context_ident, task_context_hid)
             } else {
                 // Use of `await` outside of an async context, we cannot use `task_context` here.
-                self.expr_err(span)
+                self.expr_err(span, self.tcx.sess.delay_span_bug(span, "no task_context hir id"))
             };
             let new_unchecked = self.expr_call_lang_item_fn_mut(
                 span,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/format.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/format.rs
index e7dd0b18a03..4095e225a80 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/format.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/format.rs
@@ -102,7 +102,12 @@ fn make_count<'hir>(
                 let value = ctx.arena.alloc_from_iter([ctx.expr_usize(sp, i)]);
                 ctx.expr_call_mut(sp, count_param, value)
             } else {
-                ctx.expr(sp, hir::ExprKind::Err)
+                ctx.expr(
+                    sp,
+                    hir::ExprKind::Err(
+                        ctx.tcx.sess.delay_span_bug(sp, "lowered bad format_args count"),
+                    ),
+                )
             }
         }
         None => ctx.expr_lang_item_type_relative(sp, hir::LangItem::FormatCount, sym::Implied),
@@ -135,7 +140,10 @@ fn make_format_spec<'hir>(
                 argmap.insert_full((arg_index, ArgumentType::Format(placeholder.format_trait)));
             ctx.expr_usize(sp, i)
         }
-        Err(_) => ctx.expr(sp, hir::ExprKind::Err),
+        Err(_) => ctx.expr(
+            sp,
+            hir::ExprKind::Err(ctx.tcx.sess.delay_span_bug(sp, "lowered bad format_args count")),
+        ),
     };
     let &FormatOptions {
         ref width,
@@ -294,7 +302,12 @@ fn expand_format_args<'hir>(
                 ));
                 make_argument(ctx, sp, arg, ty)
             } else {
-                ctx.expr(macsp, hir::ExprKind::Err)
+                ctx.expr(
+                    macsp,
+                    hir::ExprKind::Err(
+                        ctx.tcx.sess.delay_span_bug(macsp, format!("no arg at {arg_index}")),
+                    ),
+                )
             }
         }));
         let elements: Vec<_> = arguments
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/item.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/item.rs
index 4a0e005b8b9..7325bce6055 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/item.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/item.rs
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use rustc_ast::ptr::P;
 use rustc_ast::visit::AssocCtxt;
 use rustc_ast::*;
 use rustc_data_structures::sorted_map::SortedMap;
+use rustc_errors::ErrorGuaranteed;
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def::{DefKind, Res};
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{LocalDefId, CRATE_DEF_ID};
@@ -284,7 +285,7 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                     .alloc_from_iter(fm.items.iter().map(|x| self.lower_foreign_item_ref(x))),
             },
             ItemKind::GlobalAsm(asm) => hir::ItemKind::GlobalAsm(self.lower_inline_asm(span, asm)),
-            ItemKind::TyAlias(box TyAlias { generics, where_clauses, ty: Some(ty), .. }) => {
+            ItemKind::TyAlias(box TyAlias { generics, where_clauses, ty, .. }) => {
                 // We lower
                 //
                 // type Foo = impl Trait
@@ -299,18 +300,16 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                     &generics,
                     id,
                     &ImplTraitContext::Disallowed(ImplTraitPosition::Generic),
-                    |this| this.lower_ty(ty, &ImplTraitContext::TypeAliasesOpaqueTy),
-                );
-                hir::ItemKind::TyAlias(ty, generics)
-            }
-            ItemKind::TyAlias(box TyAlias { generics, where_clauses, ty: None, .. }) => {
-                let mut generics = generics.clone();
-                add_ty_alias_where_clause(&mut generics, *where_clauses, true);
-                let (generics, ty) = self.lower_generics(
-                    &generics,
-                    id,
-                    &ImplTraitContext::Disallowed(ImplTraitPosition::Generic),
-                    |this| this.arena.alloc(this.ty(span, hir::TyKind::Err)),
+                    |this| match ty {
+                        None => {
+                            let guar = this.tcx.sess.delay_span_bug(
+                                span,
+                                "expected to lower type alias type, but it was missing",
+                            );
+                            this.arena.alloc(this.ty(span, hir::TyKind::Err(guar)))
+                        }
+                        Some(ty) => this.lower_ty(ty, &ImplTraitContext::TypeAliasesOpaqueTy),
+                    },
                 );
                 hir::ItemKind::TyAlias(ty, generics)
             }
@@ -798,8 +797,8 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
     }
 
     /// Construct `ExprKind::Err` for the given `span`.
-    pub(crate) fn expr_err(&mut self, span: Span) -> hir::Expr<'hir> {
-        self.expr(span, hir::ExprKind::Err)
+    pub(crate) fn expr_err(&mut self, span: Span, guar: ErrorGuaranteed) -> hir::Expr<'hir> {
+        self.expr(span, hir::ExprKind::Err(guar))
     }
 
     fn lower_impl_item(&mut self, i: &AssocItem) -> &'hir hir::ImplItem<'hir> {
@@ -847,7 +846,11 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                     &ImplTraitContext::Disallowed(ImplTraitPosition::Generic),
                     |this| match ty {
                         None => {
-                            let ty = this.arena.alloc(this.ty(i.span, hir::TyKind::Err));
+                            let guar = this.tcx.sess.delay_span_bug(
+                                i.span,
+                                "expected to lower associated type, but it was missing",
+                            );
+                            let ty = this.arena.alloc(this.ty(i.span, hir::TyKind::Err(guar)));
                             hir::ImplItemKind::Type(ty)
                         }
                         Some(ty) => {
@@ -973,7 +976,7 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
     fn lower_block_expr_opt(&mut self, span: Span, block: Option<&Block>) -> hir::Expr<'hir> {
         match block {
             Some(block) => self.lower_block_expr(block),
-            None => self.expr_err(span),
+            None => self.expr_err(span, self.tcx.sess.delay_span_bug(span, "no block")),
         }
     }
 
@@ -983,7 +986,7 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                 &[],
                 match expr {
                     Some(expr) => this.lower_expr_mut(expr),
-                    None => this.expr_err(span),
+                    None => this.expr_err(span, this.tcx.sess.delay_span_bug(span, "no block")),
                 },
             )
         })
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/lib.rs
index c5b144e68dc..5d78d914b6d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/lib.rs
@@ -1082,11 +1082,12 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                         hir::TypeBindingKind::Constraint { bounds }
                     }
                     DesugarKind::Error(position) => {
-                        self.tcx.sess.emit_err(errors::MisplacedAssocTyBinding {
+                        let guar = self.tcx.sess.emit_err(errors::MisplacedAssocTyBinding {
                             span: constraint.span,
                             position: DiagnosticArgFromDisplay(position),
                         });
-                        let err_ty = &*self.arena.alloc(self.ty(constraint.span, hir::TyKind::Err));
+                        let err_ty =
+                            &*self.arena.alloc(self.ty(constraint.span, hir::TyKind::Err(guar)));
                         hir::TypeBindingKind::Equality { term: err_ty.into() }
                     }
                 }
@@ -1255,7 +1256,9 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
     fn lower_ty_direct(&mut self, t: &Ty, itctx: &ImplTraitContext) -> hir::Ty<'hir> {
         let kind = match &t.kind {
             TyKind::Infer => hir::TyKind::Infer,
-            TyKind::Err => hir::TyKind::Err,
+            TyKind::Err => {
+                hir::TyKind::Err(self.tcx.sess.delay_span_bug(t.span, "TyKind::Err lowered"))
+            }
             TyKind::Slice(ty) => hir::TyKind::Slice(self.lower_ty(ty, itctx)),
             TyKind::Ptr(mt) => hir::TyKind::Ptr(self.lower_mt(mt, itctx)),
             TyKind::Ref(region, mt) => {
@@ -1381,7 +1384,8 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                         path
                     }
                     ImplTraitContext::FeatureGated(position, feature) => {
-                        self.tcx
+                        let guar = self
+                            .tcx
                             .sess
                             .create_feature_err(
                                 MisplacedImplTrait {
@@ -1391,24 +1395,24 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                                 *feature,
                             )
                             .emit();
-                        hir::TyKind::Err
+                        hir::TyKind::Err(guar)
                     }
                     ImplTraitContext::Disallowed(position) => {
-                        self.tcx.sess.emit_err(MisplacedImplTrait {
+                        let guar = self.tcx.sess.emit_err(MisplacedImplTrait {
                             span: t.span,
                             position: DiagnosticArgFromDisplay(position),
                         });
-                        hir::TyKind::Err
+                        hir::TyKind::Err(guar)
                     }
                 }
             }
             TyKind::MacCall(_) => panic!("`TyKind::MacCall` should have been expanded by now"),
             TyKind::CVarArgs => {
-                self.tcx.sess.delay_span_bug(
+                let guar = self.tcx.sess.delay_span_bug(
                     t.span,
                     "`TyKind::CVarArgs` should have been handled elsewhere",
                 );
-                hir::TyKind::Err
+                hir::TyKind::Err(guar)
             }
         };
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/pat.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/pat.rs
index 06d885a45fb..2509b705639 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/pat.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/pat.rs
@@ -330,8 +330,8 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
             ExprKind::Path(..) if allow_paths => {}
             ExprKind::Unary(UnOp::Neg, inner) if matches!(inner.kind, ExprKind::Lit(_)) => {}
             _ => {
-                self.tcx.sess.emit_err(ArbitraryExpressionInPattern { span: expr.span });
-                return self.arena.alloc(self.expr_err(expr.span));
+                let guar = self.tcx.sess.emit_err(ArbitraryExpressionInPattern { span: expr.span });
+                return self.arena.alloc(self.expr_err(expr.span, guar));
             }
         }
         self.lower_expr(expr)
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_errors/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_errors/src/lib.rs
index edec8cce92f..18c824d8b4e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_errors/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_errors/src/lib.rs
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ pub use rustc_error_messages::{
 pub use rustc_lint_defs::{pluralize, Applicability};
 use rustc_macros::fluent_messages;
 use rustc_span::source_map::SourceMap;
-use rustc_span::HashStableContext;
+pub use rustc_span::ErrorGuaranteed;
 use rustc_span::{Loc, Span};
 
 use std::borrow::Cow;
@@ -1846,17 +1846,3 @@ pub enum TerminalUrl {
     Yes,
     Auto,
 }
-
-/// Useful type to use with `Result<>` indicate that an error has already
-/// been reported to the user, so no need to continue checking.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Encodable, Decodable, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
-#[derive(HashStable_Generic)]
-pub struct ErrorGuaranteed(());
-
-impl ErrorGuaranteed {
-    /// To be used only if you really know what you are doing... ideally, we would find a way to
-    /// eliminate all calls to this method.
-    pub fn unchecked_claim_error_was_emitted() -> Self {
-        ErrorGuaranteed(())
-    }
-}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir.rs
index 3f52f174cdf..72e9f7c1343 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir.rs
@@ -369,10 +369,10 @@ impl<'hir> GenericArgs<'hir> {
 
     pub fn has_err(&self) -> bool {
         self.args.iter().any(|arg| match arg {
-            GenericArg::Type(ty) => matches!(ty.kind, TyKind::Err),
+            GenericArg::Type(ty) => matches!(ty.kind, TyKind::Err(_)),
             _ => false,
         }) || self.bindings.iter().any(|arg| match arg.kind {
-            TypeBindingKind::Equality { term: Term::Ty(ty) } => matches!(ty.kind, TyKind::Err),
+            TypeBindingKind::Equality { term: Term::Ty(ty) } => matches!(ty.kind, TyKind::Err(_)),
             _ => false,
         })
     }
@@ -1688,7 +1688,7 @@ impl Expr<'_> {
             ExprKind::Struct(..) => ExprPrecedence::Struct,
             ExprKind::Repeat(..) => ExprPrecedence::Repeat,
             ExprKind::Yield(..) => ExprPrecedence::Yield,
-            ExprKind::Err => ExprPrecedence::Err,
+            ExprKind::Err(_) => ExprPrecedence::Err,
         }
     }
 
@@ -1754,7 +1754,7 @@ impl Expr<'_> {
             | ExprKind::Yield(..)
             | ExprKind::Cast(..)
             | ExprKind::DropTemps(..)
-            | ExprKind::Err => false,
+            | ExprKind::Err(_) => false,
         }
     }
 
@@ -1840,7 +1840,7 @@ impl Expr<'_> {
             | ExprKind::Binary(..)
             | ExprKind::Yield(..)
             | ExprKind::DropTemps(..)
-            | ExprKind::Err => true,
+            | ExprKind::Err(_) => true,
         }
     }
 
@@ -2013,7 +2013,7 @@ pub enum ExprKind<'hir> {
     Yield(&'hir Expr<'hir>, YieldSource),
 
     /// A placeholder for an expression that wasn't syntactically well formed in some way.
-    Err,
+    Err(rustc_span::ErrorGuaranteed),
 }
 
 /// Represents an optionally `Self`-qualified value/type path or associated extension.
@@ -2676,7 +2676,7 @@ pub enum TyKind<'hir> {
     /// specified. This can appear anywhere in a type.
     Infer,
     /// Placeholder for a type that has failed to be defined.
-    Err,
+    Err(rustc_span::ErrorGuaranteed),
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/intravisit.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/intravisit.rs
index f632babab0b..cc0f64017e4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/intravisit.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/intravisit.rs
@@ -790,7 +790,7 @@ pub fn walk_expr<'v, V: Visitor<'v>>(visitor: &mut V, expression: &'v Expr<'v>)
         ExprKind::Yield(ref subexpression, _) => {
             visitor.visit_expr(subexpression);
         }
-        ExprKind::Lit(_) | ExprKind::Err => {}
+        ExprKind::Lit(_) | ExprKind::Err(_) => {}
     }
 }
 
@@ -844,7 +844,7 @@ pub fn walk_ty<'v, V: Visitor<'v>>(visitor: &mut V, typ: &'v Ty<'v>) {
             visitor.visit_lifetime(lifetime);
         }
         TyKind::Typeof(ref expression) => visitor.visit_anon_const(expression),
-        TyKind::Infer | TyKind::Err => {}
+        TyKind::Infer | TyKind::Err(_) => {}
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/astconv/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/astconv/mod.rs
index 43dd5b3621a..a15cf454df7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/astconv/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/astconv/mod.rs
@@ -3113,7 +3113,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
                 // handled specially and will not descend into this routine.
                 self.ty_infer(None, ast_ty.span)
             }
-            hir::TyKind::Err => tcx.ty_error_misc(),
+            hir::TyKind::Err(guar) => tcx.ty_error(*guar),
         };
 
         self.record_ty(ast_ty.hir_id, result_ty, ast_ty.span);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_pretty/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_pretty/src/lib.rs
index 7dcf9d8299f..c021fca7133 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_pretty/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_pretty/src/lib.rs
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ impl<'a> State<'a> {
                 self.print_anon_const(e);
                 self.word(")");
             }
-            hir::TyKind::Err => {
+            hir::TyKind::Err(_) => {
                 self.popen();
                 self.word("/*ERROR*/");
                 self.pclose();
@@ -1559,7 +1559,7 @@ impl<'a> State<'a> {
                 self.word_space("yield");
                 self.print_expr_maybe_paren(expr, parser::PREC_JUMP);
             }
-            hir::ExprKind::Err => {
+            hir::ExprKind::Err(_) => {
                 self.popen();
                 self.word("/*ERROR*/");
                 self.pclose();
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/expr.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/expr.rs
index d192d16e8df..7fc4ccb04ee 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/expr.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/expr.rs
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             ExprKind::Field(base, field) => self.check_field(expr, &base, field, expected),
             ExprKind::Index(base, idx) => self.check_expr_index(base, idx, expr),
             ExprKind::Yield(value, ref src) => self.check_expr_yield(value, expr, src),
-            hir::ExprKind::Err => tcx.ty_error_misc(),
+            hir::ExprKind::Err(guar) => tcx.ty_error(guar),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/expr_use_visitor.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/expr_use_visitor.rs
index c8cda0dc90c..b9a058d6bba 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/expr_use_visitor.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/expr_use_visitor.rs
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ExprUseVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
             hir::ExprKind::Continue(..)
             | hir::ExprKind::Lit(..)
             | hir::ExprKind::ConstBlock(..)
-            | hir::ExprKind::Err => {}
+            | hir::ExprKind::Err(_) => {}
 
             hir::ExprKind::Loop(blk, ..) => {
                 self.walk_block(blk);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/generator_interior/drop_ranges/cfg_build.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/generator_interior/drop_ranges/cfg_build.rs
index adedb5b7428..7c0402b1c7f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/generator_interior/drop_ranges/cfg_build.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/generator_interior/drop_ranges/cfg_build.rs
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> DropRangeVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
             | ExprKind::Struct(..)
             | ExprKind::Repeat(..)
             | ExprKind::Yield(..)
-            | ExprKind::Err => (),
+            | ExprKind::Err(_) => (),
         }
     }
 
@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for DropRangeVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
             | ExprKind::Closure { .. }
             | ExprKind::ConstBlock(..)
             | ExprKind::DropTemps(..)
-            | ExprKind::Err
+            | ExprKind::Err(_)
             | ExprKind::Field(..)
             | ExprKind::Index(..)
             | ExprKind::InlineAsm(..)
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/mem_categorization.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/mem_categorization.rs
index e50f5c77552..bcfc61bffb2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/mem_categorization.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/mem_categorization.rs
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> MemCategorizationContext<'a, 'tcx> {
             | hir::ExprKind::Repeat(..)
             | hir::ExprKind::InlineAsm(..)
             | hir::ExprKind::Box(..)
-            | hir::ExprKind::Err => Ok(self.cat_rvalue(expr.hir_id, expr.span, expr_ty)),
+            | hir::ExprKind::Err(_) => Ok(self.cat_rvalue(expr.hir_id, expr.span, expr_ty)),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/cx/expr.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/cx/expr.rs
index 3b11fc77d89..ae203233bd5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/cx/expr.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/cx/expr.rs
@@ -758,7 +758,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Cx<'tcx> {
             hir::ExprKind::Tup(ref fields) => ExprKind::Tuple { fields: self.mirror_exprs(fields) },
 
             hir::ExprKind::Yield(ref v, _) => ExprKind::Yield { value: self.mirror_expr(v) },
-            hir::ExprKind::Err => unreachable!(),
+            hir::ExprKind::Err(_) => unreachable!(),
         };
 
         Expr { temp_lifetime, ty: expr_ty, span: expr.span, kind }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/liveness.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/liveness.rs
index 678f1815d01..df5c8f53ec1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/liveness.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/liveness.rs
@@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for IrMaps<'tcx> {
             | hir::ExprKind::InlineAsm(..)
             | hir::ExprKind::Box(..)
             | hir::ExprKind::Type(..)
-            | hir::ExprKind::Err
+            | hir::ExprKind::Err(_)
             | hir::ExprKind::Path(hir::QPath::TypeRelative(..))
             | hir::ExprKind::Path(hir::QPath::LangItem(..)) => {
                 intravisit::walk_expr(self, expr);
@@ -1129,7 +1129,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Liveness<'a, 'tcx> {
 
             hir::ExprKind::Lit(..)
             | hir::ExprKind::ConstBlock(..)
-            | hir::ExprKind::Err
+            | hir::ExprKind::Err(_)
             | hir::ExprKind::Path(hir::QPath::TypeRelative(..))
             | hir::ExprKind::Path(hir::QPath::LangItem(..)) => succ,
 
@@ -1427,7 +1427,7 @@ fn check_expr<'tcx>(this: &mut Liveness<'_, 'tcx>, expr: &'tcx Expr<'tcx>) {
         | hir::ExprKind::Yield(..)
         | hir::ExprKind::Box(..)
         | hir::ExprKind::Type(..)
-        | hir::ExprKind::Err => {}
+        | hir::ExprKind::Err(_) => {}
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/naked_functions.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/naked_functions.rs
index acc54e7e110..c5b5cf7f5a9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/naked_functions.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/naked_functions.rs
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ impl<'tcx> CheckInlineAssembly<'tcx> {
                 hir::intravisit::walk_expr(self, expr);
             }
 
-            ExprKind::Err => {
+            ExprKind::Err(_) => {
                 self.items.push((ItemKind::Err, span));
             }
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_span/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_span/src/lib.rs
index e112100aa5f..873cd33f6a4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_span/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_span/src/lib.rs
@@ -2149,3 +2149,17 @@ where
         Hash::hash(&len, hasher);
     }
 }
+
+/// Useful type to use with `Result<>` indicate that an error has already
+/// been reported to the user, so no need to continue checking.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Encodable, Decodable, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+#[derive(HashStable_Generic)]
+pub struct ErrorGuaranteed(());
+
+impl ErrorGuaranteed {
+    /// To be used only if you really know what you are doing... ideally, we would find a way to
+    /// eliminate all calls to this method.
+    pub fn unchecked_claim_error_was_emitted() -> Self {
+        ErrorGuaranteed(())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/clean/mod.rs b/src/librustdoc/clean/mod.rs
index 648423e1289..0e8f0cfc518 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/clean/mod.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/clean/mod.rs
@@ -1661,7 +1661,7 @@ pub(crate) fn clean_ty<'tcx>(ty: &hir::Ty<'tcx>, cx: &mut DocContext<'tcx>) -> T
         }
         TyKind::BareFn(barefn) => BareFunction(Box::new(clean_bare_fn_ty(barefn, cx))),
         // Rustdoc handles `TyKind::Err`s by turning them into `Type::Infer`s.
-        TyKind::Infer | TyKind::Err | TyKind::Typeof(..) => Infer,
+        TyKind::Infer | TyKind::Err(_) | TyKind::Typeof(..) => Infer,
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/dereference.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/dereference.rs
index ef46e23123b..644604a2e3f 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/dereference.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/dereference.rs
@@ -1022,7 +1022,7 @@ fn binding_ty_auto_deref_stability<'tcx>(
                     ))
                     .is_sized(cx.tcx, cx.param_env.without_caller_bounds()),
             ),
-            TyKind::OpaqueDef(..) | TyKind::Infer | TyKind::Typeof(..) | TyKind::TraitObject(..) | TyKind::Err => {
+            TyKind::OpaqueDef(..) | TyKind::Infer | TyKind::Typeof(..) | TyKind::TraitObject(..) | TyKind::Err(_) => {
                 Position::ReborrowStable(precedence)
             },
         };
@@ -1038,7 +1038,7 @@ fn ty_contains_infer(ty: &hir::Ty<'_>) -> bool {
             if self.0
                 || matches!(
                     ty.kind,
-                    TyKind::OpaqueDef(..) | TyKind::Infer | TyKind::Typeof(_) | TyKind::Err
+                    TyKind::OpaqueDef(..) | TyKind::Infer | TyKind::Typeof(_) | TyKind::Err(_)
                 )
             {
                 self.0 = true;
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/loops/never_loop.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/loops/never_loop.rs
index 14f161f5102..d7e00047312 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/loops/never_loop.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/loops/never_loop.rs
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ fn never_loop_expr(expr: &Expr<'_>, ignore_ids: &mut Vec<HirId>, main_loop_id: H
         | ExprKind::Path(_)
         | ExprKind::ConstBlock(_)
         | ExprKind::Lit(_)
-        | ExprKind::Err => NeverLoopResult::Otherwise,
+        | ExprKind::Err(_) => NeverLoopResult::Otherwise,
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/matches/significant_drop_in_scrutinee.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/matches/significant_drop_in_scrutinee.rs
index f587c69f730..b33a2478172 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/matches/significant_drop_in_scrutinee.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/matches/significant_drop_in_scrutinee.rs
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for SigDropHelper<'a, 'tcx> {
             ExprKind::ConstBlock(_) |
             ExprKind::Continue(_) |
             ExprKind::DropTemps(_) |
-            ExprKind::Err |
+            ExprKind::Err(_) |
             ExprKind::InlineAsm(_) |
             ExprKind::Let(_) |
             ExprKind::Lit(_) |
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/utils/author.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/utils/author.rs
index bd7daf0773c..c37e5bb6716 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/utils/author.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/utils/author.rs
@@ -588,7 +588,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> PrintVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
                     },
                 }
             },
-            ExprKind::Err => kind!("Err"),
+            ExprKind::Err(_) => kind!("Err"),
             ExprKind::DropTemps(expr) => {
                 bind!(self, expr);
                 kind!("DropTemps({expr})");
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/eager_or_lazy.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/eager_or_lazy.rs
index 6ff7728374f..ee2f816f181 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/eager_or_lazy.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/eager_or_lazy.rs
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ fn expr_eagerness<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, e: &'tcx Expr<'_>) -> EagernessS
                 | ExprKind::Ret(_)
                 | ExprKind::InlineAsm(_)
                 | ExprKind::Yield(..)
-                | ExprKind::Err => {
+                | ExprKind::Err(_) => {
                     self.eagerness = ForceNoChange;
                     return;
                 },
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/hir_utils.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/hir_utils.rs
index 2bbe1a19b62..0603755f8a9 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/hir_utils.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/hir_utils.rs
@@ -714,7 +714,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> SpanlessHash<'a, 'tcx> {
                 }
                 self.hash_pat(pat);
             },
-            ExprKind::Err => {},
+            ExprKind::Err(_) => {},
             ExprKind::Lit(ref l) => {
                 l.node.hash(&mut self.s);
             },
@@ -986,7 +986,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> SpanlessHash<'a, 'tcx> {
             TyKind::Typeof(anon_const) => {
                 self.hash_body(anon_const.body);
             },
-            TyKind::Err | TyKind::Infer | TyKind::Never => {},
+            TyKind::Err(_) | TyKind::Infer | TyKind::Never => {},
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/sugg.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/sugg.rs
index 78fb2e0eb7e..11ca81cfe6c 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/sugg.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/sugg.rs
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ impl<'a> Sugg<'a> {
             | hir::ExprKind::Ret(..)
             | hir::ExprKind::Struct(..)
             | hir::ExprKind::Tup(..)
-            | hir::ExprKind::Err => Sugg::NonParen(get_snippet(expr.span)),
+            | hir::ExprKind::Err(_) => Sugg::NonParen(get_snippet(expr.span)),
             hir::ExprKind::DropTemps(inner) => Self::hir_from_snippet(inner, get_snippet),
             hir::ExprKind::Assign(lhs, rhs, _) => {
                 Sugg::BinOp(AssocOp::Assign, get_snippet(lhs.span), get_snippet(rhs.span))
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/visitors.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/visitors.rs
index 00073bcd82a..d27a20bd4df 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/visitors.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/visitors.rs
@@ -665,7 +665,7 @@ pub fn for_each_unconsumed_temporary<'tcx, B>(
             | ExprKind::Path(_)
             | ExprKind::Continue(_)
             | ExprKind::InlineAsm(_)
-            | ExprKind::Err => (),
+            | ExprKind::Err(_) => (),
         }
         ControlFlow::Continue(())
     }