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authorbors <bors@rust-lang.org>2014-12-29 13:32:19 +0000
committerbors <bors@rust-lang.org>2014-12-29 13:32:19 +0000
commit3dcc409fac18a258ba2a8af4345d9566ec8eebad (patch)
tree140cd42aa68752ae7760bf9f2765bf1ff8835189
parent25fb12b8a5411901675ede6b147bbc6c0b7437b7 (diff)
parent91db254c81f3c90d5d9d8b5db2660a918efef8bb (diff)
downloadrust-3dcc409fac18a258ba2a8af4345d9566ec8eebad.tar.gz
rust-3dcc409fac18a258ba2a8af4345d9566ec8eebad.zip
auto merge of #19549 : huonw/rust/middle-ty-2, r=nikomatsakis
This takes building `librustc/lib.rs` from using 696 MB to 588 (`rustc --no-trans`), and 1.99 GB to 1.87 (`rustc -O`). It also reduces `sty` down to 32 bytes on platforms with 64-bit pointers, at the expense of some more side-tables in `ctxt`. I'm sure there's more gains to be had from reducing the size of the side tables (e.g. by making the actual things they're storing smaller).

r? @nikomatsakis 
-rw-r--r--src/librustc/lint/builtin.rs4
-rw-r--r--src/librustc/metadata/decoder.rs2
-rw-r--r--src/librustc/metadata/tydecode.rs40
-rw-r--r--src/librustc/metadata/tyencode.rs16
-rw-r--r--src/librustc/middle/def.rs2
-rw-r--r--src/librustc/middle/expr_use_visitor.rs5
-rw-r--r--src/librustc/middle/infer/coercion.rs19
-rw-r--r--src/librustc/middle/infer/combine.rs32
-rw-r--r--src/librustc/middle/infer/error_reporting.rs38
-rw-r--r--src/librustc/middle/infer/freshen.rs4
-rw-r--r--src/librustc/middle/infer/region_inference/mod.rs83
-rw-r--r--src/librustc/middle/infer/type_variable.rs23
-rw-r--r--src/librustc/middle/infer/unify.rs8
-rw-r--r--src/librustc/middle/intrinsicck.rs4
-rw-r--r--src/librustc/middle/mem_categorization.rs4
-rw-r--r--src/librustc/middle/resolve_lifetime.rs6
-rw-r--r--src/librustc/middle/subst.rs10
-rw-r--r--src/librustc/middle/traits/select.rs17
-rw-r--r--src/librustc/middle/traits/util.rs3
-rw-r--r--src/librustc/middle/ty.rs341
-rw-r--r--src/librustc/middle/ty_fold.rs32
-rw-r--r--src/librustc/session/config.rs7
-rw-r--r--src/librustc/session/mod.rs4
-rw-r--r--src/librustc/util/ppaux.rs10
-rw-r--r--src/librustc_borrowck/borrowck/fragments.rs2
-rw-r--r--src/librustc_driver/driver.rs20
-rw-r--r--src/librustc_driver/pretty.rs15
-rw-r--r--src/librustc_driver/test.rs39
-rw-r--r--src/librustc_resolve/lib.rs2
-rw-r--r--src/librustc_trans/trans/_match.rs6
-rw-r--r--src/librustc_trans/trans/adt.rs10
-rw-r--r--src/librustc_trans/trans/base.rs64
-rw-r--r--src/librustc_trans/trans/callee.rs21
-rw-r--r--src/librustc_trans/trans/common.rs2
-rw-r--r--src/librustc_trans/trans/debuginfo.rs18
-rw-r--r--src/librustc_trans/trans/expr.rs12
-rw-r--r--src/librustc_trans/trans/glue.rs4
-rw-r--r--src/librustc_trans/trans/meth.rs4
-rw-r--r--src/librustc_typeck/astconv.rs11
-rw-r--r--src/librustc_typeck/check/_match.rs12
-rw-r--r--src/librustc_typeck/check/closure.rs5
-rw-r--r--src/librustc_typeck/check/method/confirm.rs8
-rw-r--r--src/librustc_typeck/check/method/mod.rs13
-rw-r--r--src/librustc_typeck/check/method/probe.rs6
-rw-r--r--src/librustc_typeck/check/mod.rs58
-rw-r--r--src/librustc_typeck/check/regionck.rs16
-rw-r--r--src/librustc_typeck/check/regionmanip.rs8
-rw-r--r--src/librustc_typeck/check/vtable.rs8
-rw-r--r--src/librustc_typeck/check/wf.rs8
-rw-r--r--src/librustc_typeck/coherence/mod.rs3
-rw-r--r--src/librustc_typeck/collect.rs48
-rw-r--r--src/librustc_typeck/lib.rs8
-rw-r--r--src/librustc_typeck/rscope.rs2
-rw-r--r--src/librustc_typeck/variance.rs16
-rw-r--r--src/librustdoc/clean/mod.rs10
-rw-r--r--src/librustdoc/core.rs5
-rw-r--r--src/libsyntax/ast.rs2
-rw-r--r--src/libsyntax/ext/expand.rs2
-rw-r--r--src/libsyntax/fold.rs2
-rw-r--r--src/libsyntax/parse/parser.rs8
-rw-r--r--src/libsyntax/print/pprust.rs2
-rw-r--r--src/libsyntax/visit.rs2
62 files changed, 697 insertions, 499 deletions
diff --git a/src/librustc/lint/builtin.rs b/src/librustc/lint/builtin.rs
index 0fd69ea25bc..9ce344586fd 100644
--- a/src/librustc/lint/builtin.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/lint/builtin.rs
@@ -1598,7 +1598,7 @@ impl LintPass for MissingCopyImplementations {
                 }
                 ty::mk_struct(cx.tcx,
                               ast_util::local_def(item.id),
-                              Substs::empty())
+                              cx.tcx.mk_substs(Substs::empty()))
             }
             ast::ItemEnum(_, ref ast_generics) => {
                 if ast_generics.is_parameterized() {
@@ -1606,7 +1606,7 @@ impl LintPass for MissingCopyImplementations {
                 }
                 ty::mk_enum(cx.tcx,
                             ast_util::local_def(item.id),
-                            Substs::empty())
+                            cx.tcx.mk_substs(Substs::empty()))
             }
             _ => return,
         };
diff --git a/src/librustc/metadata/decoder.rs b/src/librustc/metadata/decoder.rs
index ee928828827..4447af809e4 100644
--- a/src/librustc/metadata/decoder.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/metadata/decoder.rs
@@ -1449,7 +1449,7 @@ fn doc_generics<'tcx>(base_doc: rbml::Doc,
         let space = subst::ParamSpace::from_uint(reader::doc_as_u64(doc) as uint);
 
         let doc = reader::get_doc(rp_doc, tag_region_param_def_index);
-        let index = reader::doc_as_u64(doc) as uint;
+        let index = reader::doc_as_u64(doc) as u32;
 
         let mut bounds = Vec::new();
         reader::tagged_docs(rp_doc, tag_items_data_region, |p| {
diff --git a/src/librustc/metadata/tydecode.rs b/src/librustc/metadata/tydecode.rs
index 61ea93a9fdd..9b008f36a96 100644
--- a/src/librustc/metadata/tydecode.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/metadata/tydecode.rs
@@ -262,8 +262,8 @@ fn parse_substs<'a, 'tcx>(st: &mut PState<'a, 'tcx>,
     let types =
         parse_vec_per_param_space(st, |st| parse_ty(st, |x,y| conv(x,y)));
 
-    return subst::Substs { types: types,
-                           regions: regions };
+    subst::Substs { types: types,
+                    regions: regions }
 }
 
 fn parse_region_substs(st: &mut PState, conv: conv_did) -> subst::RegionSubsts {
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ fn parse_region_substs(st: &mut PState, conv: conv_did) -> subst::RegionSubsts {
 fn parse_bound_region(st: &mut PState, conv: conv_did) -> ty::BoundRegion {
     match next(st) {
         'a' => {
-            let id = parse_uint(st);
+            let id = parse_u32(st);
             assert_eq!(next(st), '|');
             ty::BrAnon(id)
         }
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ fn parse_bound_region(st: &mut PState, conv: conv_did) -> ty::BoundRegion {
             ty::BrNamed(def, ident.name)
         }
         'f' => {
-            let id = parse_uint(st);
+            let id = parse_u32(st);
             assert_eq!(next(st), '|');
             ty::BrFresh(id)
         }
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ fn parse_region(st: &mut PState, conv: conv_did) -> ty::Region {
     match next(st) {
       'b' => {
         assert_eq!(next(st), '[');
-        let id = ty::DebruijnIndex::new(parse_uint(st));
+        let id = ty::DebruijnIndex::new(parse_u32(st));
         assert_eq!(next(st), '|');
         let br = parse_bound_region(st, |x,y| conv(x,y));
         assert_eq!(next(st), ']');
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ fn parse_region(st: &mut PState, conv: conv_did) -> ty::Region {
         assert_eq!(next(st), '|');
         let space = parse_param_space(st);
         assert_eq!(next(st), '|');
-        let index = parse_uint(st);
+        let index = parse_u32(st);
         assert_eq!(next(st), '|');
         let nm = token::str_to_ident(parse_str(st, ']')[]);
         ty::ReEarlyBound(node_id, space, index, nm.name)
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ fn parse_trait_ref<'a, 'tcx>(st: &mut PState<'a, 'tcx>, conv: conv_did)
                              -> ty::TraitRef<'tcx> {
     let def = parse_def(st, NominalType, |x,y| conv(x,y));
     let substs = parse_substs(st, |x,y| conv(x,y));
-    ty::TraitRef {def_id: def, substs: substs}
+    ty::TraitRef {def_id: def, substs: st.tcx.mk_substs(substs)}
 }
 
 fn parse_ty<'a, 'tcx>(st: &mut PState<'a, 'tcx>, conv: conv_did) -> Ty<'tcx> {
@@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ fn parse_ty<'a, 'tcx>(st: &mut PState<'a, 'tcx>, conv: conv_did) -> Ty<'tcx> {
         let def = parse_def(st, NominalType, |x,y| conv(x,y));
         let substs = parse_substs(st, |x,y| conv(x,y));
         assert_eq!(next(st), ']');
-        return ty::mk_enum(st.tcx, def, substs);
+        return ty::mk_enum(st.tcx, def, st.tcx.mk_substs(substs));
       }
       'x' => {
         assert_eq!(next(st), '[');
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ fn parse_ty<'a, 'tcx>(st: &mut PState<'a, 'tcx>, conv: conv_did) -> Ty<'tcx> {
       'p' => {
         let did = parse_def(st, TypeParameter, |x,y| conv(x,y));
         debug!("parsed ty_param: did={}", did);
-        let index = parse_uint(st);
+        let index = parse_u32(st);
         assert_eq!(next(st), '|');
         let space = parse_param_space(st);
         assert_eq!(next(st), '|');
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ fn parse_ty<'a, 'tcx>(st: &mut PState<'a, 'tcx>, conv: conv_did) -> Ty<'tcx> {
       '&' => {
         let r = parse_region(st, |x,y| conv(x,y));
         let mt = parse_mt(st, |x,y| conv(x,y));
-        return ty::mk_rptr(st.tcx, r, mt);
+        return ty::mk_rptr(st.tcx, st.tcx.mk_region(r), mt);
       }
       'V' => {
         let t = parse_ty(st, |x,y| conv(x,y));
@@ -454,10 +454,12 @@ fn parse_ty<'a, 'tcx>(st: &mut PState<'a, 'tcx>, conv: conv_did) -> Ty<'tcx> {
       }
       'F' => {
           let def_id = parse_def(st, NominalType, |x,y| conv(x,y));
-          return ty::mk_bare_fn(st.tcx, Some(def_id), parse_bare_fn_ty(st, |x,y| conv(x,y)));
+          return ty::mk_bare_fn(st.tcx, Some(def_id),
+                                st.tcx.mk_bare_fn(parse_bare_fn_ty(st, |x,y| conv(x,y))));
       }
       'G' => {
-          return ty::mk_bare_fn(st.tcx, None, parse_bare_fn_ty(st, |x,y| conv(x,y)));
+          return ty::mk_bare_fn(st.tcx, None,
+                                st.tcx.mk_bare_fn(parse_bare_fn_ty(st, |x,y| conv(x,y))));
       }
       '#' => {
         let pos = parse_hex(st);
@@ -490,7 +492,7 @@ fn parse_ty<'a, 'tcx>(st: &mut PState<'a, 'tcx>, conv: conv_did) -> Ty<'tcx> {
           let did = parse_def(st, NominalType, |x,y| conv(x,y));
           let substs = parse_substs(st, |x,y| conv(x,y));
           assert_eq!(next(st), ']');
-          return ty::mk_struct(st.tcx, did, substs);
+          return ty::mk_struct(st.tcx, did, st.tcx.mk_substs(substs));
       }
       'k' => {
           assert_eq!(next(st), '[');
@@ -498,7 +500,8 @@ fn parse_ty<'a, 'tcx>(st: &mut PState<'a, 'tcx>, conv: conv_did) -> Ty<'tcx> {
           let region = parse_region(st, |x,y| conv(x,y));
           let substs = parse_substs(st, |x,y| conv(x,y));
           assert_eq!(next(st), ']');
-          return ty::mk_unboxed_closure(st.tcx, did, region, substs);
+          return ty::mk_unboxed_closure(st.tcx, did,
+                  st.tcx.mk_region(region), st.tcx.mk_substs(substs));
       }
       'e' => {
           return ty::mk_err();
@@ -535,6 +538,13 @@ fn parse_uint(st: &mut PState) -> uint {
     };
 }
 
+fn parse_u32(st: &mut PState) -> u32 {
+    let n = parse_uint(st);
+    let m = n as u32;
+    assert_eq!(m as uint, n);
+    m
+}
+
 fn parse_param_space(st: &mut PState) -> subst::ParamSpace {
     subst::ParamSpace::from_uint(parse_uint(st))
 }
@@ -697,7 +707,7 @@ fn parse_type_param_def<'a, 'tcx>(st: &mut PState<'a, 'tcx>, conv: conv_did)
     let def_id = parse_def(st, NominalType, |x,y| conv(x,y));
     let space = parse_param_space(st);
     assert_eq!(next(st), '|');
-    let index = parse_uint(st);
+    let index = parse_u32(st);
     assert_eq!(next(st), '|');
     let associated_with = parse_opt(st, |st| {
         parse_def(st, NominalType, |x,y| conv(x,y))
diff --git a/src/librustc/metadata/tyencode.rs b/src/librustc/metadata/tyencode.rs
index 7fa23620af4..3e9eaf7eea2 100644
--- a/src/librustc/metadata/tyencode.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/metadata/tyencode.rs
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ pub fn enc_ty<'a, 'tcx>(w: &mut SeekableMemWriter, cx: &ctxt<'a, 'tcx>, t: Ty<'t
                 ast::TyF64 => mywrite!(w, "MF"),
             }
         }
-        ty::ty_enum(def, ref substs) => {
+        ty::ty_enum(def, substs) => {
             mywrite!(w, "t[{}|", (cx.ds)(def));
             enc_substs(w, cx, substs);
             mywrite!(w, "]");
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ pub fn enc_ty<'a, 'tcx>(w: &mut SeekableMemWriter, cx: &ctxt<'a, 'tcx>, t: Ty<'t
         ty::ty_ptr(mt) => { mywrite!(w, "*"); enc_mt(w, cx, mt); }
         ty::ty_rptr(r, mt) => {
             mywrite!(w, "&");
-            enc_region(w, cx, r);
+            enc_region(w, cx, *r);
             enc_mt(w, cx, mt);
         }
         ty::ty_vec(t, sz) => {
@@ -123,12 +123,12 @@ pub fn enc_ty<'a, 'tcx>(w: &mut SeekableMemWriter, cx: &ctxt<'a, 'tcx>, t: Ty<'t
             mywrite!(w, "f");
             enc_closure_ty(w, cx, &**f);
         }
-        ty::ty_bare_fn(Some(def_id), ref f) => {
+        ty::ty_bare_fn(Some(def_id), f) => {
             mywrite!(w, "F");
             mywrite!(w, "{}|", (cx.ds)(def_id));
             enc_bare_fn_ty(w, cx, f);
         }
-        ty::ty_bare_fn(None, ref f) => {
+        ty::ty_bare_fn(None, f) => {
             mywrite!(w, "G");
             enc_bare_fn_ty(w, cx, f);
         }
@@ -138,14 +138,14 @@ pub fn enc_ty<'a, 'tcx>(w: &mut SeekableMemWriter, cx: &ctxt<'a, 'tcx>, t: Ty<'t
         ty::ty_param(ParamTy {space, idx: id, def_id: did}) => {
             mywrite!(w, "p{}|{}|{}|", (cx.ds)(did), id, space.to_uint())
         }
-        ty::ty_struct(def, ref substs) => {
+        ty::ty_struct(def, substs) => {
             mywrite!(w, "a[{}|", (cx.ds)(def));
             enc_substs(w, cx, substs);
             mywrite!(w, "]");
         }
-        ty::ty_unboxed_closure(def, region, ref substs) => {
+        ty::ty_unboxed_closure(def, region, substs) => {
             mywrite!(w, "k[{}|", (cx.ds)(def));
-            enc_region(w, cx, region);
+            enc_region(w, cx, *region);
             enc_substs(w, cx, substs);
             mywrite!(w, "]");
         }
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ fn enc_bound_region(w: &mut SeekableMemWriter, cx: &ctxt, br: ty::BoundRegion) {
 pub fn enc_trait_ref<'a, 'tcx>(w: &mut SeekableMemWriter, cx: &ctxt<'a, 'tcx>,
                                s: &ty::TraitRef<'tcx>) {
     mywrite!(w, "{}|", (cx.ds)(s.def_id));
-    enc_substs(w, cx, &s.substs);
+    enc_substs(w, cx, s.substs);
 }
 
 pub fn enc_trait_store(w: &mut SeekableMemWriter, cx: &ctxt, s: ty::TraitStore) {
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/def.rs b/src/librustc/middle/def.rs
index a54bc4a945a..023182df336 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/def.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/def.rs
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ pub enum Def {
     DefAssociatedPath(TyParamProvenance, ast::Ident),
     DefTrait(ast::DefId),
     DefPrimTy(ast::PrimTy),
-    DefTyParam(ParamSpace, ast::DefId, uint),
+    DefTyParam(ParamSpace, ast::DefId, u32),
     DefUse(ast::DefId),
     DefUpvar(ast::NodeId,  // id of closed over local
              ast::NodeId,  // expr node that creates the closure
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/expr_use_visitor.rs b/src/librustc/middle/expr_use_visitor.rs
index c7dd4dd2646..1dfd602794f 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/expr_use_visitor.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/expr_use_visitor.rs
@@ -767,7 +767,7 @@ impl<'d,'t,'tcx,TYPER:mc::Typer<'tcx>> ExprUseVisitor<'d,'t,'tcx,TYPER> {
         // Select just those fields of the `with`
         // expression that will actually be used
         let with_fields = match with_cmt.ty.sty {
-            ty::ty_struct(did, ref substs) => {
+            ty::ty_struct(did, substs) => {
                 ty::struct_fields(self.tcx(), did, substs)
             }
             _ => {
@@ -861,7 +861,7 @@ impl<'d,'t,'tcx,TYPER:mc::Typer<'tcx>> ExprUseVisitor<'d,'t,'tcx,TYPER> {
                     };
                     let bk = ty::BorrowKind::from_mutbl(m);
                     self.delegate.borrow(expr.id, expr.span, cmt,
-                                         r, bk, AutoRef);
+                                         *r, bk, AutoRef);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -1271,4 +1271,3 @@ fn copy_or_move<'tcx>(tcx: &ty::ctxt<'tcx>,
         Copy
     }
 }
-
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/infer/coercion.rs b/src/librustc/middle/infer/coercion.rs
index ec83b8fae9b..13017da508d 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/infer/coercion.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/infer/coercion.rs
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ impl<'f, 'tcx> Coerce<'f, 'tcx> {
 
         self.unpack_actual_value(a, |a| {
             match a.sty {
-                ty::ty_bare_fn(Some(a_def_id), ref a_f) => {
+                ty::ty_bare_fn(Some(a_def_id), a_f) => {
                     // Function items are coercible to any closure
                     // type; function pointers are not (that would
                     // require double indirection).
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ impl<'f, 'tcx> Coerce<'f, 'tcx> {
         };
 
         let a_borrowed = ty::mk_rptr(self.tcx(),
-                                     r_borrow,
+                                     self.tcx().mk_region(r_borrow),
                                      mt {ty: inner_ty, mutbl: mutbl_b});
         try!(sub.tys(a_borrowed, b));
 
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ impl<'f, 'tcx> Coerce<'f, 'tcx> {
                             let coercion = Coercion(self.get_ref().trace.clone());
                             let r_borrow = self.get_ref().infcx.next_region_var(coercion);
                             let ty = ty::mk_rptr(self.tcx(),
-                                                 r_borrow,
+                                                 self.tcx().mk_region(r_borrow),
                                                  ty::mt{ty: ty, mutbl: mt_b.mutbl});
                             try!(self.get_ref().infcx.try(|_| sub.tys(ty, b)));
                             debug!("Success, coerced with AutoDerefRef(1, \
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ impl<'f, 'tcx> Coerce<'f, 'tcx> {
                                                              bounds: bounds },
                                                ty_a)))
                 }
-                (&ty::ty_struct(did_a, ref substs_a), &ty::ty_struct(did_b, ref substs_b))
+                (&ty::ty_struct(did_a, substs_a), &ty::ty_struct(did_b, substs_b))
                   if did_a == did_b => {
                     debug!("unsizing a struct");
                     // Try unsizing each type param in turn to see if we end up with ty_b.
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ impl<'f, 'tcx> Coerce<'f, 'tcx> {
                                 // Check that the whole types match.
                                 let mut new_substs = substs_a.clone();
                                 new_substs.types.get_mut_slice(subst::TypeSpace)[i] = new_tp;
-                                let ty = ty::mk_struct(tcx, did_a, new_substs);
+                                let ty = ty::mk_struct(tcx, did_a, tcx.mk_substs(new_substs));
                                 if self.get_ref().infcx.try(|_| sub.tys(ty, ty_b)).is_err() {
                                     debug!("Unsized type parameter '{}', but still \
                                             could not match types {} and {}",
@@ -424,7 +424,8 @@ impl<'f, 'tcx> Coerce<'f, 'tcx> {
         let r_a = self.get_ref().infcx.next_region_var(coercion);
 
         self.coerce_object(a, b, b_mutbl,
-                           |tr| ty::mk_rptr(tcx, r_a, ty::mt{ mutbl: b_mutbl, ty: tr }),
+                           |tr| ty::mk_rptr(tcx, tcx.mk_region(r_a),
+                                            ty::mt{ mutbl: b_mutbl, ty: tr }),
                            || AutoPtr(r_a, b_mutbl, None))
     }
 
@@ -486,7 +487,7 @@ impl<'f, 'tcx> Coerce<'f, 'tcx> {
                b.repr(self.tcx()));
 
         match a.sty {
-            ty::ty_bare_fn(Some(a_def_id), ref f) => {
+            ty::ty_bare_fn(Some(a_def_id), f) => {
                 self.coerce_from_fn_item(a, a_def_id, f, b)
             }
             _ => {
@@ -498,7 +499,7 @@ impl<'f, 'tcx> Coerce<'f, 'tcx> {
     fn coerce_from_fn_item(&self,
                            a: Ty<'tcx>,
                            fn_def_id_a: ast::DefId,
-                           fn_ty_a: &ty::BareFnTy<'tcx>,
+                           fn_ty_a: &'tcx ty::BareFnTy<'tcx>,
                            b: Ty<'tcx>)
                            -> CoerceResult<'tcx> {
         /*!
@@ -527,7 +528,7 @@ impl<'f, 'tcx> Coerce<'f, 'tcx> {
                     Ok(Some(adj))
                 }
                 ty::ty_bare_fn(None, _) => {
-                    let a_fn_pointer = ty::mk_bare_fn(self.tcx(), None, (*fn_ty_a).clone());
+                    let a_fn_pointer = ty::mk_bare_fn(self.tcx(), None, fn_ty_a);
                     try!(self.subtype(a_fn_pointer, b));
                     Ok(Some(ty::AdjustReifyFnPointer(fn_def_id_a)))
                 }
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/infer/combine.rs b/src/librustc/middle/infer/combine.rs
index 14687b8fd75..04ae0a5a604 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/infer/combine.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/infer/combine.rs
@@ -343,8 +343,8 @@ pub trait Combine<'tcx> {
         if a.def_id != b.def_id {
             Err(ty::terr_traits(expected_found(self, a.def_id, b.def_id)))
         } else {
-            let substs = try!(self.substs(a.def_id, &a.substs, &b.substs));
-            Ok(ty::TraitRef { def_id: a.def_id, substs: substs })
+            let substs = try!(self.substs(a.def_id, a.substs, b.substs));
+            Ok(ty::TraitRef { def_id: a.def_id, substs: self.tcx().mk_substs(substs) })
         }
     }
 
@@ -470,13 +470,13 @@ pub fn super_tys<'tcx, C: Combine<'tcx>>(this: &C,
         Ok(a)
       }
 
-      (&ty::ty_enum(a_id, ref a_substs),
-       &ty::ty_enum(b_id, ref b_substs))
+      (&ty::ty_enum(a_id, a_substs),
+       &ty::ty_enum(b_id, b_substs))
       if a_id == b_id => {
           let substs = try!(this.substs(a_id,
                                           a_substs,
                                           b_substs));
-          Ok(ty::mk_enum(tcx, a_id, substs))
+          Ok(ty::mk_enum(tcx, a_id, tcx.mk_substs(substs)))
       }
 
       (&ty::ty_trait(ref a_),
@@ -487,21 +487,21 @@ pub fn super_tys<'tcx, C: Combine<'tcx>>(this: &C,
           Ok(ty::mk_trait(tcx, principal, bounds))
       }
 
-      (&ty::ty_struct(a_id, ref a_substs), &ty::ty_struct(b_id, ref b_substs))
+      (&ty::ty_struct(a_id, a_substs), &ty::ty_struct(b_id, b_substs))
       if a_id == b_id => {
             let substs = try!(this.substs(a_id, a_substs, b_substs));
-            Ok(ty::mk_struct(tcx, a_id, substs))
+            Ok(ty::mk_struct(tcx, a_id, tcx.mk_substs(substs)))
       }
 
-      (&ty::ty_unboxed_closure(a_id, a_region, ref a_substs),
-       &ty::ty_unboxed_closure(b_id, b_region, ref b_substs))
+      (&ty::ty_unboxed_closure(a_id, a_region, a_substs),
+       &ty::ty_unboxed_closure(b_id, b_region, b_substs))
       if a_id == b_id => {
           // All ty_unboxed_closure types with the same id represent
           // the (anonymous) type of the same closure expression. So
           // all of their regions should be equated.
-          let region = try!(this.equate().regions(a_region, b_region));
+          let region = try!(this.equate().regions(*a_region, *b_region));
           let substs = try!(this.substs_variances(None, a_substs, b_substs));
-          Ok(ty::mk_unboxed_closure(tcx, a_id, region, substs))
+          Ok(ty::mk_unboxed_closure(tcx, a_id, tcx.mk_region(region), tcx.mk_substs(substs)))
       }
 
       (&ty::ty_uniq(a_inner), &ty::ty_uniq(b_inner)) => {
@@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ pub fn super_tys<'tcx, C: Combine<'tcx>>(this: &C,
       }
 
       (&ty::ty_rptr(a_r, ref a_mt), &ty::ty_rptr(b_r, ref b_mt)) => {
-            let r = try!(this.contraregions(a_r, b_r));
+            let r = try!(this.contraregions(*a_r, *b_r));
             // FIXME(14985)  If we have mutable references to trait objects, we
             // used to use covariant subtyping. I have preserved this behaviour,
             // even though it is probably incorrect. So don't go down the usual
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ pub fn super_tys<'tcx, C: Combine<'tcx>>(this: &C,
                 }
                 _ => try!(this.mts(a_mt, b_mt))
             };
-            Ok(ty::mk_rptr(tcx, r, mt))
+            Ok(ty::mk_rptr(tcx, tcx.mk_region(r), mt))
       }
 
       (&ty::ty_vec(a_t, Some(sz_a)), &ty::ty_vec(b_t, Some(sz_b))) => {
@@ -568,11 +568,11 @@ pub fn super_tys<'tcx, C: Combine<'tcx>>(this: &C,
         }
       }
 
-        (&ty::ty_bare_fn(a_opt_def_id, ref a_fty), &ty::ty_bare_fn(b_opt_def_id, ref b_fty))
+        (&ty::ty_bare_fn(a_opt_def_id, a_fty), &ty::ty_bare_fn(b_opt_def_id, b_fty))
             if a_opt_def_id == b_opt_def_id =>
         {
             let fty = try!(this.bare_fn_tys(a_fty, b_fty));
-            Ok(ty::mk_bare_fn(tcx, a_opt_def_id, fty))
+            Ok(ty::mk_bare_fn(tcx, a_opt_def_id, tcx.mk_bare_fn(fty)))
         }
 
       (&ty::ty_closure(ref a_fty), &ty::ty_closure(ref b_fty)) => {
@@ -813,5 +813,3 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> ty_fold::TypeFolder<'tcx> for Generalizer<'cx, 'tcx> {
         self.infcx.next_region_var(MiscVariable(self.span))
     }
 }
-
-
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/infer/error_reporting.rs b/src/librustc/middle/infer/error_reporting.rs
index b57b5554ed6..2f62858071f 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/infer/error_reporting.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/infer/error_reporting.rs
@@ -870,11 +870,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ErrorReporting<'tcx> for InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
 struct RebuildPathInfo<'a> {
     path: &'a ast::Path,
     // indexes to insert lifetime on path.lifetimes
-    indexes: Vec<uint>,
+    indexes: Vec<u32>,
     // number of lifetimes we expect to see on the type referred by `path`
     // (e.g., expected=1 for struct Foo<'a>)
-    expected: uint,
-    anon_nums: &'a HashSet<uint>,
+    expected: u32,
+    anon_nums: &'a HashSet<u32>,
     region_names: &'a HashSet<ast::Name>
 }
 
@@ -885,8 +885,8 @@ struct Rebuilder<'a, 'tcx: 'a> {
     generics: &'a ast::Generics,
     same_regions: &'a [SameRegions],
     life_giver: &'a LifeGiver,
-    cur_anon: Cell<uint>,
-    inserted_anons: RefCell<HashSet<uint>>,
+    cur_anon: Cell<u32>,
+    inserted_anons: RefCell<HashSet<u32>>,
 }
 
 enum FreshOrKept {
@@ -976,7 +976,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Rebuilder<'a, 'tcx> {
     }
 
     fn extract_anon_nums_and_names(&self, same_regions: &SameRegions)
-                                   -> (HashSet<uint>, HashSet<ast::Name>) {
+                                   -> (HashSet<u32>, HashSet<ast::Name>) {
         let mut anon_nums = HashSet::new();
         let mut region_names = HashSet::new();
         for br in same_regions.regions.iter() {
@@ -1008,7 +1008,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Rebuilder<'a, 'tcx> {
         all_region_names
     }
 
-    fn inc_cur_anon(&self, n: uint) {
+    fn inc_cur_anon(&self, n: u32) {
         let anon = self.cur_anon.get();
         self.cur_anon.set(anon+n);
     }
@@ -1021,12 +1021,12 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Rebuilder<'a, 'tcx> {
         self.cur_anon.set(anon);
     }
 
-    fn inc_and_offset_cur_anon(&self, n: uint) {
+    fn inc_and_offset_cur_anon(&self, n: u32) {
         self.inc_cur_anon(n);
         self.offset_cur_anon();
     }
 
-    fn track_anon(&self, anon: uint) {
+    fn track_anon(&self, anon: u32) {
         self.inserted_anons.borrow_mut().insert(anon);
     }
 
@@ -1070,13 +1070,13 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Rebuilder<'a, 'tcx> {
                     let lifetimes = last_seg.parameters.lifetimes();
                     for (i, lt) in lifetimes.iter().enumerate() {
                         if region_names.contains(&lt.name) {
-                            insert.push(i);
+                            insert.push(i as u32);
                         }
                     }
                     let rebuild_info = RebuildPathInfo {
                         path: &tr.path,
                         indexes: insert,
-                        expected: lifetimes.len(),
+                        expected: lifetimes.len() as u32,
                         anon_nums: &HashSet::new(),
                         region_names: region_names
                     };
@@ -1096,7 +1096,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Rebuilder<'a, 'tcx> {
     fn rebuild_expl_self(&self,
                          expl_self_opt: Option<ast::ExplicitSelf_>,
                          lifetime: ast::Lifetime,
-                         anon_nums: &HashSet<uint>,
+                         anon_nums: &HashSet<u32>,
                          region_names: &HashSet<ast::Name>)
                          -> Option<ast::ExplicitSelf_> {
         match expl_self_opt {
@@ -1150,7 +1150,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Rebuilder<'a, 'tcx> {
     fn rebuild_args_ty(&self,
                        inputs: &[ast::Arg],
                        lifetime: ast::Lifetime,
-                       anon_nums: &HashSet<uint>,
+                       anon_nums: &HashSet<u32>,
                        region_names: &HashSet<ast::Name>)
                        -> Vec<ast::Arg> {
         let mut new_inputs = Vec::new();
@@ -1169,7 +1169,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Rebuilder<'a, 'tcx> {
 
     fn rebuild_output(&self, ty: &ast::FunctionRetTy,
                       lifetime: ast::Lifetime,
-                      anon_nums: &HashSet<uint>,
+                      anon_nums: &HashSet<u32>,
                       region_names: &HashSet<ast::Name>) -> ast::FunctionRetTy {
         match *ty {
             ast::Return(ref ret_ty) => ast::Return(
@@ -1182,7 +1182,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Rebuilder<'a, 'tcx> {
     fn rebuild_arg_ty_or_output(&self,
                                 ty: &ast::Ty,
                                 lifetime: ast::Lifetime,
-                                anon_nums: &HashSet<uint>,
+                                anon_nums: &HashSet<u32>,
                                 region_names: &HashSet<ast::Name>)
                                 -> P<ast::Ty> {
         let mut new_ty = P(ty.clone());
@@ -1229,7 +1229,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Rebuilder<'a, 'tcx> {
                             let generics = ty::lookup_item_type(self.tcx, did).generics;
 
                             let expected =
-                                generics.regions.len(subst::TypeSpace);
+                                generics.regions.len(subst::TypeSpace) as u32;
                             let lifetimes =
                                 path.segments.last().unwrap().parameters.lifetimes();
                             let mut insert = Vec::new();
@@ -1238,7 +1238,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Rebuilder<'a, 'tcx> {
                                 for (i, a) in range(anon,
                                                     anon+expected).enumerate() {
                                     if anon_nums.contains(&a) {
-                                        insert.push(i);
+                                        insert.push(i as u32);
                                     }
                                     self.track_anon(a);
                                 }
@@ -1246,7 +1246,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Rebuilder<'a, 'tcx> {
                             } else {
                                 for (i, lt) in lifetimes.iter().enumerate() {
                                     if region_names.contains(&lt.name) {
-                                        insert.push(i);
+                                        insert.push(i as u32);
                                     }
                                 }
                             }
@@ -1363,7 +1363,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Rebuilder<'a, 'tcx> {
                     }
                 } else {
                     for (i, lt) in data.lifetimes.iter().enumerate() {
-                        if indexes.contains(&i) {
+                        if indexes.contains(&(i as u32)) {
                             new_lts.push(lifetime);
                         } else {
                             new_lts.push(*lt);
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/infer/freshen.rs b/src/librustc/middle/infer/freshen.rs
index a8bf7546559..d8455b8db71 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/infer/freshen.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/infer/freshen.rs
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ use super::unify::InferCtxtMethodsForSimplyUnifiableTypes;
 
 pub struct TypeFreshener<'a, 'tcx:'a> {
     infcx: &'a InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx>,
-    freshen_count: uint,
+    freshen_count: u32,
     freshen_map: hash_map::HashMap<ty::InferTy, Ty<'tcx>>,
 }
 
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeFreshener<'a, 'tcx> {
                   key: ty::InferTy,
                   freshener: F)
                   -> Ty<'tcx> where
-        F: FnOnce(uint) -> ty::InferTy,
+        F: FnOnce(u32) -> ty::InferTy,
     {
         match opt_ty {
             Some(ty) => { return ty.fold_with(self); }
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/infer/region_inference/mod.rs b/src/librustc/middle/infer/region_inference/mod.rs
index 661f7e56429..97fab3bc939 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/infer/region_inference/mod.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/infer/region_inference/mod.rs
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ use util::nodemap::{FnvHashMap, FnvHashSet};
 use util::ppaux::Repr;
 
 use std::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
-use std::uint;
+use std::u32;
 use syntax::ast;
 
 mod doc;
@@ -196,8 +196,8 @@ pub struct RegionVarBindings<'a, 'tcx: 'a> {
 
     lubs: RefCell<CombineMap>,
     glbs: RefCell<CombineMap>,
-    skolemization_count: Cell<uint>,
-    bound_count: Cell<uint>,
+    skolemization_count: Cell<u32>,
+    bound_count: Cell<u32>,
 
     // The undo log records actions that might later be undone.
     //
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ pub struct RegionVarBindings<'a, 'tcx: 'a> {
 #[allow(missing_copy_implementations)]
 pub struct RegionSnapshot {
     length: uint,
-    skolemization_count: uint,
+    skolemization_count: u32,
 }
 
 impl<'a, 'tcx> RegionVarBindings<'a, 'tcx> {
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> RegionVarBindings<'a, 'tcx> {
                 AddVar(vid) => {
                     let mut var_origins = self.var_origins.borrow_mut();
                     var_origins.pop().unwrap();
-                    assert_eq!(var_origins.len(), vid.index);
+                    assert_eq!(var_origins.len(), vid.index as uint);
                 }
                 AddConstraint(ref constraint) => {
                     self.constraints.borrow_mut().remove(constraint);
@@ -303,8 +303,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> RegionVarBindings<'a, 'tcx> {
         self.skolemization_count.set(snapshot.skolemization_count);
     }
 
-    pub fn num_vars(&self) -> uint {
-        self.var_origins.borrow().len()
+    pub fn num_vars(&self) -> u32 {
+        let len = self.var_origins.borrow().len();
+        // enforce no overflow
+        assert!(len as u32 as uint == len);
+        len as u32
     }
 
     pub fn new_region_var(&self, origin: RegionVariableOrigin<'tcx>) -> RegionVid {
@@ -547,7 +550,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> RegionVarBindings<'a, 'tcx> {
         match *self.values.borrow() {
             None => {
                 self.tcx.sess.span_bug(
-                    (*self.var_origins.borrow())[rid.index].span(),
+                    (*self.var_origins.borrow())[rid.index as uint].span(),
                     "attempt to resolve region variable before values have \
                      been computed!")
             }
@@ -737,7 +740,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> RegionVarBindings<'a, 'tcx> {
 
           (ReInfer(ReVar(v_id)), _) | (_, ReInfer(ReVar(v_id))) => {
             self.tcx.sess.span_bug(
-                (*self.var_origins.borrow())[v_id.index].span(),
+                (*self.var_origins.borrow())[v_id.index as uint].span(),
                 format!("lub_concrete_regions invoked with \
                          non-concrete regions: {}, {}",
                         a,
@@ -840,7 +843,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> RegionVarBindings<'a, 'tcx> {
             (ReInfer(ReVar(v_id)), _) |
             (_, ReInfer(ReVar(v_id))) => {
                 self.tcx.sess.span_bug(
-                    (*self.var_origins.borrow())[v_id.index].span(),
+                    (*self.var_origins.borrow())[v_id.index as uint].span(),
                     format!("glb_concrete_regions invoked with \
                              non-concrete regions: {}, {}",
                             a,
@@ -972,7 +975,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> RegionVarBindings<'a, 'tcx> {
     }
 
     fn construct_var_data(&self) -> Vec<VarData> {
-        Vec::from_fn(self.num_vars(), |_| {
+        Vec::from_fn(self.num_vars() as uint, |_| {
             VarData {
                 // All nodes are initially classified as contracting; during
                 // the expansion phase, we will shift the classification for
@@ -1001,14 +1004,14 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> RegionVarBindings<'a, 'tcx> {
                                    .repr(self.tcx));
             match *constraint {
               ConstrainRegSubVar(a_region, b_vid) => {
-                let b_data = &mut var_data[b_vid.index];
+                let b_data = &mut var_data[b_vid.index as uint];
                 self.expand_node(a_region, b_vid, b_data)
               }
               ConstrainVarSubVar(a_vid, b_vid) => {
-                match var_data[a_vid.index].value {
+                match var_data[a_vid.index as uint].value {
                   NoValue | ErrorValue => false,
                   Value(a_region) => {
-                    let b_node = &mut var_data[b_vid.index];
+                    let b_node = &mut var_data[b_vid.index as uint];
                     self.expand_node(a_region, b_vid, b_node)
                   }
                 }
@@ -1089,16 +1092,16 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> RegionVarBindings<'a, 'tcx> {
                 false
               }
               ConstrainVarSubVar(a_vid, b_vid) => {
-                match var_data[b_vid.index].value {
+                match var_data[b_vid.index as uint].value {
                   NoValue | ErrorValue => false,
                   Value(b_region) => {
-                    let a_data = &mut var_data[a_vid.index];
+                    let a_data = &mut var_data[a_vid.index as uint];
                     self.contract_node(a_vid, a_data, b_region)
                   }
                 }
               }
               ConstrainVarSubReg(a_vid, b_region) => {
-                let a_data = &mut var_data[a_vid.index];
+                let a_data = &mut var_data[a_vid.index as uint];
                 self.contract_node(a_vid, a_data, b_region)
               }
             }
@@ -1244,11 +1247,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> RegionVarBindings<'a, 'tcx> {
         // idea is to report errors that derive from independent
         // regions of the graph, but not those that derive from
         // overlapping locations.
-        let mut dup_vec = Vec::from_elem(self.num_vars(), uint::MAX);
+        let mut dup_vec = Vec::from_elem(self.num_vars() as uint, u32::MAX);
 
         let mut opt_graph = None;
 
-        for idx in range(0u, self.num_vars()) {
+        for idx in range(0u, self.num_vars() as uint) {
             match var_data[idx].value {
                 Value(_) => {
                     /* Inference successful */
@@ -1288,7 +1291,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> RegionVarBindings<'a, 'tcx> {
                     }
                     let graph = opt_graph.as_ref().unwrap();
 
-                    let node_vid = RegionVid { index: idx };
+                    let node_vid = RegionVid { index: idx as u32 };
                     match var_data[idx].classification {
                         Expanding => {
                             self.collect_error_for_expanding_node(
@@ -1305,7 +1308,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> RegionVarBindings<'a, 'tcx> {
             }
         }
 
-        Vec::from_fn(self.num_vars(), |idx| var_data[idx].value)
+        Vec::from_fn(self.num_vars() as uint, |idx| var_data[idx].value)
     }
 
     fn construct_graph(&self) -> RegionGraph {
@@ -1314,10 +1317,10 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> RegionVarBindings<'a, 'tcx> {
         let constraints = self.constraints.borrow();
         let num_edges = constraints.len();
 
-        let mut graph = graph::Graph::with_capacity(num_vars + 1,
+        let mut graph = graph::Graph::with_capacity(num_vars as uint + 1,
                                                     num_edges);
 
-        for _ in range(0u, num_vars) {
+        for _ in range(0, num_vars) {
             graph.add_node(());
         }
         let dummy_idx = graph.add_node(());
@@ -1325,17 +1328,17 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> RegionVarBindings<'a, 'tcx> {
         for (constraint, _) in constraints.iter() {
             match *constraint {
                 ConstrainVarSubVar(a_id, b_id) => {
-                    graph.add_edge(NodeIndex(a_id.index),
-                                   NodeIndex(b_id.index),
+                    graph.add_edge(NodeIndex(a_id.index as uint),
+                                   NodeIndex(b_id.index as uint),
                                    *constraint);
                 }
                 ConstrainRegSubVar(_, b_id) => {
                     graph.add_edge(dummy_idx,
-                                   NodeIndex(b_id.index),
+                                   NodeIndex(b_id.index as uint),
                                    *constraint);
                 }
                 ConstrainVarSubReg(a_id, _) => {
-                    graph.add_edge(NodeIndex(a_id.index),
+                    graph.add_edge(NodeIndex(a_id.index as uint),
                                    dummy_idx,
                                    *constraint);
                 }
@@ -1349,7 +1352,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> RegionVarBindings<'a, 'tcx> {
         &self,
         graph: &RegionGraph,
         var_data: &[VarData],
-        dup_vec: &mut [uint],
+        dup_vec: &mut [u32],
         node_idx: RegionVid,
         errors: &mut Vec<RegionResolutionError<'tcx>>)
     {
@@ -1387,7 +1390,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> RegionVarBindings<'a, 'tcx> {
                 if !self.is_subregion_of(lower_bound.region,
                                          upper_bound.region) {
                     errors.push(SubSupConflict(
-                        (*self.var_origins.borrow())[node_idx.index].clone(),
+                        (*self.var_origins.borrow())[node_idx.index as uint].clone(),
                         lower_bound.origin.clone(),
                         lower_bound.region,
                         upper_bound.origin.clone(),
@@ -1398,7 +1401,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> RegionVarBindings<'a, 'tcx> {
         }
 
         self.tcx.sess.span_bug(
-            (*self.var_origins.borrow())[node_idx.index].span(),
+            (*self.var_origins.borrow())[node_idx.index as uint].span(),
             format!("collect_error_for_expanding_node() could not find error \
                     for var {}, lower_bounds={}, upper_bounds={}",
                     node_idx,
@@ -1410,7 +1413,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> RegionVarBindings<'a, 'tcx> {
         &self,
         graph: &RegionGraph,
         var_data: &[VarData],
-        dup_vec: &mut [uint],
+        dup_vec: &mut [u32],
         node_idx: RegionVid,
         errors: &mut Vec<RegionResolutionError<'tcx>>)
     {
@@ -1431,7 +1434,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> RegionVarBindings<'a, 'tcx> {
                   Ok(_) => {}
                   Err(_) => {
                     errors.push(SupSupConflict(
-                        (*self.var_origins.borrow())[node_idx.index].clone(),
+                        (*self.var_origins.borrow())[node_idx.index as uint].clone(),
                         upper_bound_1.origin.clone(),
                         upper_bound_1.region,
                         upper_bound_2.origin.clone(),
@@ -1443,7 +1446,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> RegionVarBindings<'a, 'tcx> {
         }
 
         self.tcx.sess.span_bug(
-            (*self.var_origins.borrow())[node_idx.index].span(),
+            (*self.var_origins.borrow())[node_idx.index as uint].span(),
             format!("collect_error_for_contracting_node() could not find error \
                      for var {}, upper_bounds={}",
                     node_idx,
@@ -1455,7 +1458,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> RegionVarBindings<'a, 'tcx> {
                                 var_data: &[VarData],
                                 orig_node_idx: RegionVid,
                                 dir: Direction,
-                                dup_vec: &mut [uint])
+                                dup_vec: &mut [u32])
                                 -> (Vec<RegionAndOrigin<'tcx>>, bool) {
         struct WalkState<'tcx> {
             set: FnvHashSet<RegionVid>,
@@ -1477,12 +1480,12 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> RegionVarBindings<'a, 'tcx> {
 
         while !state.stack.is_empty() {
             let node_idx = state.stack.pop().unwrap();
-            let classification = var_data[node_idx.index].classification;
+            let classification = var_data[node_idx.index as uint].classification;
 
             // check whether we've visited this node on some previous walk
-            if dup_vec[node_idx.index] == uint::MAX {
-                dup_vec[node_idx.index] = orig_node_idx.index;
-            } else if dup_vec[node_idx.index] != orig_node_idx.index {
+            if dup_vec[node_idx.index as uint] == u32::MAX {
+                dup_vec[node_idx.index as uint] = orig_node_idx.index;
+            } else if dup_vec[node_idx.index as uint] != orig_node_idx.index {
                 state.dup_found = true;
             }
 
@@ -1510,7 +1513,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> RegionVarBindings<'a, 'tcx> {
                          dir: Direction) {
             debug!("process_edges(source_vid={}, dir={})", source_vid, dir);
 
-            let source_node_index = NodeIndex(source_vid.index);
+            let source_node_index = NodeIndex(source_vid.index as uint);
             graph.each_adjacent_edge(source_node_index, dir, |_, edge| {
                 match edge.data {
                     ConstrainVarSubVar(from_vid, to_vid) => {
@@ -1595,7 +1598,7 @@ fn normalize(values: &Vec<VarValue>, r: ty::Region) -> ty::Region {
 }
 
 fn lookup(values: &Vec<VarValue>, rid: ty::RegionVid) -> ty::Region {
-    match values[rid.index] {
+    match values[rid.index as uint] {
         Value(r) => r,
         NoValue => ReEmpty, // No constraints, return ty::ReEmpty
         ErrorValue => ReStatic, // Previously reported error.
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/infer/type_variable.rs b/src/librustc/middle/infer/type_variable.rs
index 5e857154871..49a1e6f9263 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/infer/type_variable.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/infer/type_variable.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ use self::UndoEntry::*;
 use middle::ty::{mod, Ty};
 use std::cmp::min;
 use std::mem;
-use std::uint;
+use std::u32;
 use util::snapshot_vec as sv;
 
 pub struct TypeVariableTable<'tcx> {
@@ -67,11 +67,11 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeVariableTable<'tcx> {
     }
 
     fn relations<'a>(&'a mut self, a: ty::TyVid) -> &'a mut Vec<Relation> {
-        relations(self.values.get_mut(a.index))
+        relations(self.values.get_mut(a.index as uint))
     }
 
     pub fn var_diverges<'a>(&'a self, vid: ty::TyVid) -> bool {
-        self.values.get(vid.index).diverging
+        self.values.get(vid.index as uint).diverging
     }
 
     /// Records that `a <: b`, `a :> b`, or `a == b`, depending on `dir`.
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeVariableTable<'tcx> {
         stack: &mut Vec<(Ty<'tcx>, RelationDir, ty::TyVid)>)
     {
         let old_value = {
-            let value_ptr = &mut self.values.get_mut(vid.index).value;
+            let value_ptr = &mut self.values.get_mut(vid.index as uint).value;
             mem::replace(value_ptr, Known(ty))
         };
 
@@ -117,11 +117,11 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeVariableTable<'tcx> {
             value: Bounded(vec![]),
             diverging: diverging
         });
-        ty::TyVid { index: index }
+        ty::TyVid { index: index as u32 }
     }
 
     pub fn probe(&self, vid: ty::TyVid) -> Option<Ty<'tcx>> {
-        match self.values.get(vid.index).value {
+        match self.values.get(vid.index as uint).value {
             Bounded(..) => None,
             Known(t) => Some(t)
         }
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeVariableTable<'tcx> {
          * unified `V1` with `T1`, this function would return `{T0}`.
          */
 
-        let mut new_elem_threshold = uint::MAX;
+        let mut new_elem_threshold = u32::MAX;
         let mut escaping_types = Vec::new();
         let actions_since_snapshot = self.values.actions_since_snapshot(&s.snapshot);
         debug!("actions_since_snapshot.len() = {}", actions_since_snapshot.len());
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeVariableTable<'tcx> {
                     // always be the first one we see). Note that this
                     // action must precede those variables being
                     // specified.
-                    new_elem_threshold = min(new_elem_threshold, index);
+                    new_elem_threshold = min(new_elem_threshold, index as u32);
                     debug!("NewElem({}) new_elem_threshold={}", index, new_elem_threshold);
                 }
 
@@ -201,12 +201,12 @@ impl<'tcx> sv::SnapshotVecDelegate<TypeVariableData<'tcx>,UndoEntry> for Delegat
                action: UndoEntry) {
         match action {
             SpecifyVar(vid, relations) => {
-                values[vid.index].value = Bounded(relations);
+                values[vid.index as uint].value = Bounded(relations);
             }
 
             Relate(a, b) => {
-                relations(&mut (*values)[a.index]).pop();
-                relations(&mut (*values)[b.index]).pop();
+                relations(&mut (*values)[a.index as uint]).pop();
+                relations(&mut (*values)[b.index as uint]).pop();
             }
         }
     }
@@ -218,4 +218,3 @@ fn relations<'a>(v: &'a mut TypeVariableData) -> &'a mut Vec<Relation> {
         Bounded(ref mut relations) => relations
     }
 }
-
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/infer/unify.rs b/src/librustc/middle/infer/unify.rs
index 0b81823e9ed..dcf70263c0a 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/infer/unify.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/infer/unify.rs
@@ -347,9 +347,9 @@ impl<'a,'tcx,V:SimplyUnifiable<'tcx>,K:UnifyKey<'tcx, Option<V>>>
 // Integral type keys
 
 impl<'tcx> UnifyKey<'tcx, Option<IntVarValue>> for ty::IntVid {
-    fn index(&self) -> uint { self.index }
+    fn index(&self) -> uint { self.index as uint }
 
-    fn from_index(i: uint) -> ty::IntVid { ty::IntVid { index: i } }
+    fn from_index(i: uint) -> ty::IntVid { ty::IntVid { index: i as u32 } }
 
     fn unification_table<'v>(infcx: &'v InferCtxt)
         -> &'v RefCell<UnificationTable<ty::IntVid, Option<IntVarValue>>>
@@ -380,9 +380,9 @@ impl<'tcx> UnifyValue<'tcx> for Option<IntVarValue> { }
 // Floating point type keys
 
 impl<'tcx> UnifyKey<'tcx, Option<ast::FloatTy>> for ty::FloatVid {
-    fn index(&self) -> uint { self.index }
+    fn index(&self) -> uint { self.index as uint }
 
-    fn from_index(i: uint) -> ty::FloatVid { ty::FloatVid { index: i } }
+    fn from_index(i: uint) -> ty::FloatVid { ty::FloatVid { index: i as u32 } }
 
     fn unification_table<'v>(infcx: &'v InferCtxt)
         -> &'v RefCell<UnificationTable<ty::FloatVid, Option<ast::FloatTy>>>
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/intrinsicck.rs b/src/librustc/middle/intrinsicck.rs
index 6acbc98b4b2..ba18c02f52d 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/intrinsicck.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/intrinsicck.rs
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ fn type_size_is_affected_by_type_parameters<'tcx>(tcx: &ty::ctxt<'tcx>, typ: Ty<
                 // No need to continue; we now know the result.
                 false
             }
-            ty::ty_enum(did, ref substs) => {
+            ty::ty_enum(did, substs) => {
                 for enum_variant in (*ty::enum_variants(tcx, did)).iter() {
                     for argument_type in enum_variant.args.iter() {
                         let argument_type = argument_type.subst(tcx, substs);
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ fn type_size_is_affected_by_type_parameters<'tcx>(tcx: &ty::ctxt<'tcx>, typ: Ty<
                 // Don't traverse substitutions.
                 false
             }
-            ty::ty_struct(did, ref substs) => {
+            ty::ty_struct(did, substs) => {
                 for field in ty::struct_fields(tcx, did, substs).iter() {
                     result = result ||
                         type_size_is_affected_by_type_parameters(tcx,
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/mem_categorization.rs b/src/librustc/middle/mem_categorization.rs
index 87b378d579c..87841c7675b 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/mem_categorization.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/mem_categorization.rs
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ pub fn opt_deref_kind(t: Ty) -> Option<deref_kind> {
 
         ty::ty_rptr(r, mt) => {
             let kind = ty::BorrowKind::from_mutbl(mt.mutbl);
-            Some(deref_ptr(BorrowedPtr(kind, r)))
+            Some(deref_ptr(BorrowedPtr(kind, *r)))
         }
 
         ty::ty_closure(box ty::ClosureTy {
@@ -1071,7 +1071,7 @@ impl<'t,'tcx,TYPER:Typer<'tcx>> MemCategorizationContext<'t,TYPER> {
                           -> (ast::Mutability, ty::Region) {
             match slice_ty.sty {
                 ty::ty_rptr(r, ref mt) => match mt.ty.sty {
-                    ty::ty_vec(_, None) => (mt.mutbl, r),
+                    ty::ty_vec(_, None) => (mt.mutbl, *r),
                     _ => vec_slice_info(tcx, pat, mt.ty),
                 },
 
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/resolve_lifetime.rs b/src/librustc/middle/resolve_lifetime.rs
index 28cb80df771..22dea3be1d4 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/resolve_lifetime.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/resolve_lifetime.rs
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ use util::nodemap::NodeMap;
 pub enum DefRegion {
     DefStaticRegion,
     DefEarlyBoundRegion(/* space */ subst::ParamSpace,
-                        /* index */ uint,
+                        /* index */ u32,
                         /* lifetime decl */ ast::NodeId),
     DefLateBoundRegion(ty::DebruijnIndex,
                        /* lifetime decl */ ast::NodeId),
@@ -508,10 +508,10 @@ impl<'a> LifetimeContext<'a> {
 
 fn search_lifetimes<'a>(lifetimes: &'a Vec<ast::LifetimeDef>,
                     lifetime_ref: &ast::Lifetime)
-                    -> Option<(uint, &'a ast::Lifetime)> {
+                    -> Option<(u32, &'a ast::Lifetime)> {
     for (i, lifetime_decl) in lifetimes.iter().enumerate() {
         if lifetime_decl.lifetime.name == lifetime_ref.name {
-            return Some((i, &lifetime_decl.lifetime));
+            return Some((i as u32, &lifetime_decl.lifetime));
         }
     }
     return None;
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/subst.rs b/src/librustc/middle/subst.rs
index 6ae639e0313..abacad7d37c 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/subst.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/subst.rs
@@ -98,10 +98,10 @@ impl<'tcx> Substs<'tcx> {
     }
 
     pub fn type_for_def(&self, ty_param_def: &ty::TypeParameterDef) -> Ty<'tcx> {
-        *self.types.get(ty_param_def.space, ty_param_def.index)
+        *self.types.get(ty_param_def.space, ty_param_def.index as uint)
     }
 
-    pub fn has_regions_escaping_depth(&self, depth: uint) -> bool {
+    pub fn has_regions_escaping_depth(&self, depth: u32) -> bool {
         self.types.iter().any(|&t| ty::type_escapes_depth(t, depth)) || {
             match self.regions {
                 ErasedRegions =>
@@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ struct SubstFolder<'a, 'tcx: 'a> {
     ty_stack_depth: uint,
 
     // Number of region binders we have passed through while doing the substitution
-    region_binders_passed: uint,
+    region_binders_passed: u32,
 }
 
 impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeFolder<'tcx> for SubstFolder<'a, 'tcx> {
@@ -607,7 +607,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeFolder<'tcx> for SubstFolder<'a, 'tcx> {
                 match self.substs.regions {
                     ErasedRegions => ty::ReStatic,
                     NonerasedRegions(ref regions) =>
-                        match regions.opt_get(space, i) {
+                        match regions.opt_get(space, i as uint) {
                             Some(&r) => {
                                 self.shift_region_through_binders(r)
                             }
@@ -663,7 +663,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeFolder<'tcx> for SubstFolder<'a, 'tcx> {
 impl<'a,'tcx> SubstFolder<'a,'tcx> {
     fn ty_for_param(&self, p: ty::ParamTy, source_ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
         // Look up the type in the substitutions. It really should be in there.
-        let opt_ty = self.substs.types.opt_get(p.space, p.idx);
+        let opt_ty = self.substs.types.opt_get(p.space, p.idx as uint);
         let ty = match opt_ty {
             Some(t) => *t,
             None => {
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/traits/select.rs b/src/librustc/middle/traits/select.rs
index 42b753927d5..b10b1ce35c4 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/traits/select.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/traits/select.rs
@@ -806,7 +806,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
             }
 
             // provide an impl, but only for suitable `fn` pointers
-            ty::ty_bare_fn(_, ty::BareFnTy {
+            ty::ty_bare_fn(_, &ty::BareFnTy {
                 unsafety: ast::Unsafety::Normal,
                 abi: abi::Rust,
                 sig: ty::Binder(ty::FnSig {
@@ -1100,7 +1100,8 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
                         } else {
                             // Recursively check all supertraits to find out if any further
                             // bounds are required and thus we must fulfill.
-                            let tmp_tr = data.principal_trait_ref_with_self_ty(ty::mk_err());
+                            let tmp_tr = data.principal_trait_ref_with_self_ty(self.tcx(),
+                                                                               ty::mk_err());
                             for tr in util::supertraits(self.tcx(), tmp_tr) {
                                 let td = ty::lookup_trait_def(self.tcx(), tr.def_id());
 
@@ -1210,7 +1211,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
                 Ok(If(tys.clone()))
             }
 
-            ty::ty_unboxed_closure(def_id, _, ref substs) => {
+            ty::ty_unboxed_closure(def_id, _, substs) => {
                 // FIXME -- This case is tricky. In the case of by-ref
                 // closures particularly, we need the results of
                 // inference to decide how to reflect the type of each
@@ -1248,7 +1249,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
                 }
             }
 
-            ty::ty_struct(def_id, ref substs) => {
+            ty::ty_struct(def_id, substs) => {
                 let types: Vec<Ty> =
                     ty::struct_fields(self.tcx(), def_id, substs)
                     .iter()
@@ -1257,7 +1258,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
                 nominal(self, bound, def_id, types)
             }
 
-            ty::ty_enum(def_id, ref substs) => {
+            ty::ty_enum(def_id, substs) => {
                 let types: Vec<Ty> =
                     ty::substd_enum_variants(self.tcx(), def_id, substs)
                     .iter()
@@ -1549,7 +1550,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
 
         let self_ty = self.infcx.shallow_resolve(obligation.self_ty());
         let sig = match self_ty.sty {
-            ty::ty_bare_fn(_, ty::BareFnTy {
+            ty::ty_bare_fn(_, &ty::BareFnTy {
                 unsafety: ast::Unsafety::Normal,
                 abi: abi::Rust,
                 ref sig
@@ -1574,7 +1575,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
                 self_ty);
         let trait_ref = Rc::new(ty::Binder(ty::TraitRef {
             def_id: obligation.trait_ref.def_id(),
-            substs: substs,
+            substs: self.tcx().mk_substs(substs),
         }));
 
         try!(self.confirm_poly_trait_refs(obligation.cause.clone(),
@@ -1615,7 +1616,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
                 obligation.self_ty());
         let trait_ref = Rc::new(ty::Binder(ty::TraitRef {
             def_id: obligation.trait_ref.def_id(),
-            substs: substs,
+            substs: self.tcx().mk_substs(substs),
         }));
 
         debug!("confirm_unboxed_closure_candidate(closure_def_id={}, trait_ref={})",
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/traits/util.rs b/src/librustc/middle/traits/util.rs
index 0864b21870d..e75478b3243 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/traits/util.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/traits/util.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 // Copyright 2014 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
 // file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
 // http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
@@ -276,7 +275,7 @@ pub fn poly_trait_ref_for_builtin_bound<'tcx>(
         Ok(def_id) => {
             Ok(Rc::new(ty::Binder(ty::TraitRef {
                 def_id: def_id,
-                substs: Substs::empty().with_self_ty(param_ty)
+                substs: tcx.mk_substs(Substs::empty().with_self_ty(param_ty))
             })))
         }
         Err(e) => {
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/ty.rs b/src/librustc/middle/ty.rs
index 819defdb0ca..398e52cf043 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/ty.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/ty.rs
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ pub fn type_of_adjust<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, adj: &AutoAdjustment<'tcx>) -> Opti
             },
             &AutoPtr(r, m, Some(box ref autoref)) => {
                 match type_of_autoref(cx, autoref) {
-                    Some(ty) => Some(mk_rptr(cx, r, mt {mutbl: m, ty: ty})),
+                    Some(ty) => Some(mk_rptr(cx, cx.mk_region(r), mt {mutbl: m, ty: ty})),
                     None => None
                 }
             }
@@ -604,18 +604,42 @@ pub struct TransmuteRestriction<'tcx> {
     pub id: ast::NodeId,
 }
 
+/// Internal storage
+pub struct CtxtArenas<'tcx> {
+    type_: TypedArena<TyS<'tcx>>,
+    substs: TypedArena<Substs<'tcx>>,
+    bare_fn: TypedArena<BareFnTy<'tcx>>,
+    region: TypedArena<Region>,
+}
+
+impl<'tcx> CtxtArenas<'tcx> {
+    pub fn new() -> CtxtArenas<'tcx> {
+        CtxtArenas {
+            type_: TypedArena::new(),
+            substs: TypedArena::new(),
+            bare_fn: TypedArena::new(),
+            region: TypedArena::new(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// The data structure to keep track of all the information that typechecker
 /// generates so that so that it can be reused and doesn't have to be redone
 /// later on.
 pub struct ctxt<'tcx> {
-    /// The arena that types are allocated from.
-    type_arena: &'tcx TypedArena<TyS<'tcx>>,
+    /// The arenas that types etc are allocated from.
+    arenas: &'tcx CtxtArenas<'tcx>,
 
     /// Specifically use a speedy hash algorithm for this hash map, it's used
     /// quite often.
     // FIXME(eddyb) use a FnvHashSet<InternedTy<'tcx>> when equivalent keys can
     // queried from a HashSet.
     interner: RefCell<FnvHashMap<InternedTy<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>>>,
+    // FIXME as above, use a hashset if equivalent elements can be queried.
+    substs_interner: RefCell<FnvHashMap<&'tcx Substs<'tcx>, &'tcx Substs<'tcx>>>,
+    bare_fn_interner: RefCell<FnvHashMap<&'tcx BareFnTy<'tcx>, &'tcx BareFnTy<'tcx>>>,
+    region_interner: RefCell<FnvHashMap<&'tcx Region, &'tcx Region>>,
+
     pub sess: Session,
     pub def_map: DefMap,
 
@@ -779,13 +803,87 @@ bitflags! {
     }
 }
 
+macro_rules! sty_debug_print {
+    ($ctxt: expr, $($variant: ident),*) => {{
+        // curious inner module to allow variant names to be used as
+        // variable names.
+        mod inner {
+            use middle::ty;
+            #[deriving(Copy)]
+            struct DebugStat {
+                total: uint,
+                region_infer: uint,
+                ty_infer: uint,
+                both_infer: uint,
+            }
+
+            pub fn go(tcx: &ty::ctxt) {
+                let mut total = DebugStat {
+                    total: 0,
+                    region_infer: 0, ty_infer: 0, both_infer: 0,
+                };
+                $(let mut $variant = total;)*
+
+
+                for (_, t) in tcx.interner.borrow().iter() {
+                    let variant = match t.sty {
+                        ty::ty_bool | ty::ty_char | ty::ty_int(..) | ty::ty_uint(..) |
+                            ty::ty_float(..) | ty::ty_str => continue,
+                        ty::ty_err => /* unimportant */ continue,
+                        $(ty::$variant(..) => &mut $variant,)*
+                    };
+                    let region = t.flags.intersects(ty::HAS_RE_INFER);
+                    let ty = t.flags.intersects(ty::HAS_TY_INFER);
+
+                    variant.total += 1;
+                    total.total += 1;
+                    if region { total.region_infer += 1; variant.region_infer += 1 }
+                    if ty { total.ty_infer += 1; variant.ty_infer += 1 }
+                    if region && ty { total.both_infer += 1; variant.both_infer += 1 }
+                }
+                println!("Ty interner             total           ty region  both");
+                $(println!("    {:18}: {uses:6} {usespc:4.1}%, \
+{ty:4.1}% {region:5.1}% {both:4.1}%",
+                           stringify!($variant),
+                           uses = $variant.total,
+                           usespc = $variant.total as f64 * 100.0 / total.total as f64,
+                           ty = $variant.ty_infer as f64 * 100.0  / total.total as f64,
+                           region = $variant.region_infer as f64 * 100.0  / total.total as f64,
+                           both = $variant.both_infer as f64 * 100.0  / total.total as f64);
+                  )*
+                println!("                  total {uses:6}        \
+{ty:4.1}% {region:5.1}% {both:4.1}%",
+                         uses = total.total,
+                         ty = total.ty_infer as f64 * 100.0  / total.total as f64,
+                         region = total.region_infer as f64 * 100.0  / total.total as f64,
+                         both = total.both_infer as f64 * 100.0  / total.total as f64)
+            }
+        }
+
+        inner::go($ctxt)
+    }}
+}
+
+impl<'tcx> ctxt<'tcx> {
+    pub fn print_debug_stats(&self) {
+        sty_debug_print!(
+            self,
+            ty_enum, ty_uniq, ty_vec, ty_ptr, ty_rptr, ty_bare_fn, ty_closure, ty_trait,
+            ty_struct, ty_unboxed_closure, ty_tup, ty_param, ty_open, ty_infer);
+
+        println!("Substs interner: #{}", self.substs_interner.borrow().len());
+        println!("BareFnTy interner: #{}", self.bare_fn_interner.borrow().len());
+        println!("Region interner: #{}", self.region_interner.borrow().len());
+    }
+}
+
 #[deriving(Show)]
 pub struct TyS<'tcx> {
     pub sty: sty<'tcx>,
     pub flags: TypeFlags,
 
     // the maximal depth of any bound regions appearing in this type.
-    region_depth: uint,
+    region_depth: u32,
 }
 
 impl fmt::Show for TypeFlags {
@@ -878,7 +976,7 @@ pub fn type_has_escaping_regions(ty: Ty) -> bool {
     type_escapes_depth(ty, 0)
 }
 
-pub fn type_escapes_depth(ty: Ty, depth: uint) -> bool {
+pub fn type_escapes_depth(ty: Ty, depth: u32) -> bool {
     ty.region_depth > depth
 }
 
@@ -932,7 +1030,7 @@ pub type PolyFnSig<'tcx> = Binder<FnSig<'tcx>>;
 #[deriving(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Show)]
 pub struct ParamTy {
     pub space: subst::ParamSpace,
-    pub idx: uint,
+    pub idx: u32,
     pub def_id: DefId
 }
 
@@ -979,7 +1077,7 @@ pub struct ParamTy {
 pub struct DebruijnIndex {
     // We maintain the invariant that this is never 0. So 1 indicates
     // the innermost binder. To ensure this, create with `DebruijnIndex::new`.
-    pub depth: uint,
+    pub depth: u32,
 }
 
 /// Representation of regions:
@@ -990,7 +1088,7 @@ pub enum Region {
     // parameters are substituted.
     ReEarlyBound(/* param id */ ast::NodeId,
                  subst::ParamSpace,
-                 /*index*/ uint,
+                 /*index*/ u32,
                  ast::Name),
 
     // Region bound in a function scope, which will be substituted when the
@@ -1140,7 +1238,7 @@ impl Region {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn escapes_depth(&self, depth: uint) -> bool {
+    pub fn escapes_depth(&self, depth: u32) -> bool {
         match *self {
             ty::ReLateBound(debruijn, _) => debruijn.depth > depth,
             _ => false,
@@ -1161,7 +1259,7 @@ pub struct FreeRegion {
            RustcEncodable, RustcDecodable, Show, Copy)]
 pub enum BoundRegion {
     /// An anonymous region parameter for a given fn (&T)
-    BrAnon(uint),
+    BrAnon(u32),
 
     /// Named region parameters for functions (a in &'a T)
     ///
@@ -1170,7 +1268,7 @@ pub enum BoundRegion {
     BrNamed(ast::DefId, ast::Name),
 
     /// Fresh bound identifiers created during GLB computations.
-    BrFresh(uint),
+    BrFresh(u32),
 
     // Anonymous region for the implicit env pointer parameter
     // to a closure
@@ -1241,22 +1339,22 @@ pub enum sty<'tcx> {
     /// from the tcx, use the `NodeId` from the `ast::Ty` and look it up in
     /// the `ast_ty_to_ty_cache`. This is probably true for `ty_struct` as
     /// well.`
-    ty_enum(DefId, Substs<'tcx>),
+    ty_enum(DefId, &'tcx Substs<'tcx>),
     ty_uniq(Ty<'tcx>),
     ty_str,
     ty_vec(Ty<'tcx>, Option<uint>), // Second field is length.
     ty_ptr(mt<'tcx>),
-    ty_rptr(Region, mt<'tcx>),
+    ty_rptr(&'tcx Region, mt<'tcx>),
 
     // If the def-id is Some(_), then this is the type of a specific
     // fn item. Otherwise, if None(_), it a fn pointer type.
-    ty_bare_fn(Option<DefId>, BareFnTy<'tcx>),
+    ty_bare_fn(Option<DefId>, &'tcx BareFnTy<'tcx>),
 
     ty_closure(Box<ClosureTy<'tcx>>),
     ty_trait(Box<TyTrait<'tcx>>),
-    ty_struct(DefId, Substs<'tcx>),
+    ty_struct(DefId, &'tcx Substs<'tcx>),
 
-    ty_unboxed_closure(DefId, Region, Substs<'tcx>),
+    ty_unboxed_closure(DefId, &'tcx Region, &'tcx Substs<'tcx>),
 
     ty_tup(Vec<Ty<'tcx>>),
 
@@ -1285,12 +1383,13 @@ impl<'tcx> TyTrait<'tcx> {
     /// we convert the principal trait-ref into a normal trait-ref,
     /// you must give *some* self-type. A common choice is `mk_err()`
     /// or some skolemized type.
-    pub fn principal_trait_ref_with_self_ty(&self, self_ty: Ty<'tcx>)
+    pub fn principal_trait_ref_with_self_ty(&self,
+                                            tcx: &ctxt<'tcx>, self_ty: Ty<'tcx>)
                                             -> Rc<ty::PolyTraitRef<'tcx>>
     {
         Rc::new(ty::Binder(ty::TraitRef {
             def_id: self.principal.def_id(),
-            substs: self.principal.substs().with_self_ty(self_ty),
+            substs: tcx.mk_substs(self.principal.substs().with_self_ty(self_ty)),
         }))
     }
 }
@@ -1313,7 +1412,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyTrait<'tcx> {
 #[deriving(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Show)]
 pub struct TraitRef<'tcx> {
     pub def_id: DefId,
-    pub substs: Substs<'tcx>,
+    pub substs: &'tcx Substs<'tcx>,
 }
 
 pub type PolyTraitRef<'tcx> = Binder<TraitRef<'tcx>>;
@@ -1327,8 +1426,8 @@ impl<'tcx> PolyTraitRef<'tcx> {
         self.0.def_id
     }
 
-    pub fn substs(&self) -> &Substs<'tcx> {
-        &self.0.substs
+    pub fn substs(&self) -> &'tcx Substs<'tcx> {
+        self.0.substs
     }
 
     pub fn input_types(&self) -> &[Ty<'tcx>] {
@@ -1461,22 +1560,22 @@ impl CLike for BuiltinBound {
 
 #[deriving(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct TyVid {
-    pub index: uint
+    pub index: u32
 }
 
 #[deriving(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct IntVid {
-    pub index: uint
+    pub index: u32
 }
 
 #[deriving(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct FloatVid {
-    pub index: uint
+    pub index: u32
 }
 
 #[deriving(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, RustcEncodable, RustcDecodable, Hash, Copy)]
 pub struct RegionVid {
-    pub index: uint
+    pub index: u32
 }
 
 #[deriving(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
@@ -1488,18 +1587,18 @@ pub enum InferTy {
     /// A `FreshTy` is one that is generated as a replacement for an
     /// unbound type variable. This is convenient for caching etc. See
     /// `middle::infer::freshen` for more details.
-    FreshTy(uint),
+    FreshTy(u32),
 
     // FIXME -- once integral fallback is impl'd, we should remove
     // this type. It's only needed to prevent spurious errors for
     // integers whose type winds up never being constrained.
-    FreshIntTy(uint),
+    FreshIntTy(u32),
 }
 
 #[deriving(Clone, RustcEncodable, RustcDecodable, Eq, Hash, Show, Copy)]
 pub enum InferRegion {
     ReVar(RegionVid),
-    ReSkolemized(uint, BoundRegion)
+    ReSkolemized(u32, BoundRegion)
 }
 
 impl cmp::PartialEq for InferRegion {
@@ -1576,7 +1675,7 @@ pub struct TypeParameterDef<'tcx> {
     pub name: ast::Name,
     pub def_id: ast::DefId,
     pub space: subst::ParamSpace,
-    pub index: uint,
+    pub index: u32,
     pub associated_with: Option<ast::DefId>,
     pub bounds: ParamBounds<'tcx>,
     pub default: Option<Ty<'tcx>>,
@@ -1587,7 +1686,7 @@ pub struct RegionParameterDef {
     pub name: ast::Name,
     pub def_id: ast::DefId,
     pub space: subst::ParamSpace,
-    pub index: uint,
+    pub index: u32,
     pub bounds: Vec<ty::Region>,
 }
 
@@ -1749,7 +1848,7 @@ impl<'tcx> GenericBounds<'tcx> {
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> TraitRef<'tcx> {
-    pub fn new(def_id: ast::DefId, substs: Substs<'tcx>) -> TraitRef<'tcx> {
+    pub fn new(def_id: ast::DefId, substs: &'tcx Substs<'tcx>) -> TraitRef<'tcx> {
         TraitRef { def_id: def_id, substs: substs }
     }
 
@@ -1977,7 +2076,7 @@ impl UnboxedClosureKind {
 }
 
 pub fn mk_ctxt<'tcx>(s: Session,
-                     type_arena: &'tcx TypedArena<TyS<'tcx>>,
+                     arenas: &'tcx CtxtArenas<'tcx>,
                      dm: DefMap,
                      named_region_map: resolve_lifetime::NamedRegionMap,
                      map: ast_map::Map<'tcx>,
@@ -1987,8 +2086,11 @@ pub fn mk_ctxt<'tcx>(s: Session,
                      lang_items: middle::lang_items::LanguageItems,
                      stability: stability::Index) -> ctxt<'tcx> {
     ctxt {
-        type_arena: type_arena,
+        arenas: arenas,
         interner: RefCell::new(FnvHashMap::new()),
+        substs_interner: RefCell::new(FnvHashMap::new()),
+        bare_fn_interner: RefCell::new(FnvHashMap::new()),
+        region_interner: RefCell::new(FnvHashMap::new()),
         named_region_map: named_region_map,
         item_variance_map: RefCell::new(DefIdMap::new()),
         variance_computed: Cell::new(false),
@@ -2048,6 +2150,38 @@ pub fn mk_ctxt<'tcx>(s: Session,
 
 // Type constructors
 
+impl<'tcx> ctxt<'tcx> {
+    pub fn mk_substs(&self, substs: Substs<'tcx>) -> &'tcx Substs<'tcx> {
+        if let Some(substs) = self.substs_interner.borrow().get(&substs) {
+            return *substs;
+        }
+
+        let substs = self.arenas.substs.alloc(substs);
+        self.substs_interner.borrow_mut().insert(substs, substs);
+        substs
+    }
+
+    pub fn mk_bare_fn(&self, bare_fn: BareFnTy<'tcx>) -> &'tcx BareFnTy<'tcx> {
+        if let Some(bare_fn) = self.bare_fn_interner.borrow().get(&bare_fn) {
+            return *bare_fn;
+        }
+
+        let bare_fn = self.arenas.bare_fn.alloc(bare_fn);
+        self.bare_fn_interner.borrow_mut().insert(bare_fn, bare_fn);
+        bare_fn
+    }
+
+    pub fn mk_region(&self, region: Region) -> &'tcx Region {
+        if let Some(region) = self.region_interner.borrow().get(&region) {
+            return *region;
+        }
+
+        let region = self.arenas.region.alloc(region);
+        self.region_interner.borrow_mut().insert(region, region);
+        region
+    }
+}
+
 // Interns a type/name combination, stores the resulting box in cx.interner,
 // and returns the box as cast to an unsafe ptr (see comments for Ty above).
 pub fn mk_t<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, st: sty<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
@@ -2069,7 +2203,7 @@ pub fn mk_t<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, st: sty<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
 
     let flags = FlagComputation::for_sty(&st);
 
-    let ty = cx.type_arena.alloc(TyS {
+    let ty = cx.arenas.type_.alloc(TyS {
         sty: st,
         flags: flags.flags,
         region_depth: flags.depth,
@@ -2084,7 +2218,7 @@ struct FlagComputation {
     flags: TypeFlags,
 
     // maximum depth of any bound region that we have seen thus far
-    depth: uint,
+    depth: u32,
 }
 
 impl FlagComputation {
@@ -2102,7 +2236,7 @@ impl FlagComputation {
         self.flags = self.flags | flags;
     }
 
-    fn add_depth(&mut self, depth: uint) {
+    fn add_depth(&mut self, depth: u32) {
         if depth > self.depth {
             self.depth = depth;
         }
@@ -2151,7 +2285,7 @@ impl FlagComputation {
                 }
             }
 
-            &ty_unboxed_closure(_, ref region, ref substs) => {
+            &ty_unboxed_closure(_, region, substs) => {
                 self.add_region(*region);
                 self.add_substs(substs);
             }
@@ -2160,7 +2294,7 @@ impl FlagComputation {
                 self.add_flags(HAS_TY_INFER)
             }
 
-            &ty_enum(_, ref substs) | &ty_struct(_, ref substs) => {
+            &ty_enum(_, substs) | &ty_struct(_, substs) => {
                 self.add_substs(substs);
             }
 
@@ -2181,7 +2315,7 @@ impl FlagComputation {
             }
 
             &ty_rptr(r, ref m) => {
-                self.add_region(r);
+                self.add_region(*r);
                 self.add_ty(m.ty);
             }
 
@@ -2286,7 +2420,7 @@ pub fn mk_str<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
     mk_t(cx, ty_str)
 }
 
-pub fn mk_str_slice<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, r: Region, m: ast::Mutability) -> Ty<'tcx> {
+pub fn mk_str_slice<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, r: &'tcx Region, m: ast::Mutability) -> Ty<'tcx> {
     mk_rptr(cx, r,
             mt {
                 ty: mk_t(cx, ty_str),
@@ -2294,7 +2428,7 @@ pub fn mk_str_slice<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, r: Region, m: ast::Mutability) -> Ty<
             })
 }
 
-pub fn mk_enum<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, did: ast::DefId, substs: Substs<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
+pub fn mk_enum<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, did: ast::DefId, substs: &'tcx Substs<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
     // take a copy of substs so that we own the vectors inside
     mk_t(cx, ty_enum(did, substs))
 }
@@ -2303,14 +2437,14 @@ pub fn mk_uniq<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> { mk_t(cx, ty_un
 
 pub fn mk_ptr<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, tm: mt<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> { mk_t(cx, ty_ptr(tm)) }
 
-pub fn mk_rptr<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, r: Region, tm: mt<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
+pub fn mk_rptr<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, r: &'tcx Region, tm: mt<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
     mk_t(cx, ty_rptr(r, tm))
 }
 
-pub fn mk_mut_rptr<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, r: Region, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
+pub fn mk_mut_rptr<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, r: &'tcx Region, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
     mk_rptr(cx, r, mt {ty: ty, mutbl: ast::MutMutable})
 }
-pub fn mk_imm_rptr<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, r: Region, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
+pub fn mk_imm_rptr<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, r: &'tcx Region, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
     mk_rptr(cx, r, mt {ty: ty, mutbl: ast::MutImmutable})
 }
 
@@ -2330,7 +2464,7 @@ pub fn mk_vec<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>, sz: Option<uint>) -> Ty<'tcx>
     mk_t(cx, ty_vec(ty, sz))
 }
 
-pub fn mk_slice<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, r: Region, tm: mt<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
+pub fn mk_slice<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, r: &'tcx Region, tm: mt<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
     mk_rptr(cx, r,
             mt {
                 ty: mk_vec(cx, tm.ty, None),
@@ -2352,7 +2486,7 @@ pub fn mk_closure<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, fty: ClosureTy<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
 
 pub fn mk_bare_fn<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>,
                         opt_def_id: Option<ast::DefId>,
-                        fty: BareFnTy<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
+                        fty: &'tcx BareFnTy<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
     mk_t(cx, ty_bare_fn(opt_def_id, fty))
 }
 
@@ -2363,7 +2497,7 @@ pub fn mk_ctor_fn<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>,
     let input_args = input_tys.iter().map(|ty| *ty).collect();
     mk_bare_fn(cx,
                Some(def_id),
-               BareFnTy {
+               cx.mk_bare_fn(BareFnTy {
                    unsafety: ast::Unsafety::Normal,
                    abi: abi::Rust,
                    sig: ty::Binder(FnSig {
@@ -2371,7 +2505,7 @@ pub fn mk_ctor_fn<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>,
                     output: ty::FnConverging(output),
                     variadic: false
                    })
-                })
+                }))
 }
 
 
@@ -2388,13 +2522,13 @@ pub fn mk_trait<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>,
 }
 
 pub fn mk_struct<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, struct_id: ast::DefId,
-                       substs: Substs<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
+                       substs: &'tcx Substs<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
     // take a copy of substs so that we own the vectors inside
     mk_t(cx, ty_struct(struct_id, substs))
 }
 
 pub fn mk_unboxed_closure<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, closure_id: ast::DefId,
-                                region: Region, substs: Substs<'tcx>)
+                                region: &'tcx Region, substs: &'tcx Substs<'tcx>)
                                 -> Ty<'tcx> {
     mk_t(cx, ty_unboxed_closure(closure_id, region, substs))
 }
@@ -2416,7 +2550,7 @@ pub fn mk_infer<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, it: InferTy) -> Ty<'tcx> {
 }
 
 pub fn mk_param<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, space: subst::ParamSpace,
-                      n: uint, k: DefId) -> Ty<'tcx> {
+                      n: u32, k: DefId) -> Ty<'tcx> {
     mk_t(cx, ty_param(ParamTy { space: space, idx: n, def_id: k }))
 }
 
@@ -2488,7 +2622,7 @@ pub fn fold_ty<'tcx, F>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, t0: Ty<'tcx>,
 
 impl ParamTy {
     pub fn new(space: subst::ParamSpace,
-               index: uint,
+               index: u32,
                def_id: ast::DefId)
                -> ParamTy {
         ParamTy { space: space, idx: index, def_id: def_id }
@@ -2617,7 +2751,7 @@ pub fn sequence_element_type<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
 
 pub fn simd_type<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
     match ty.sty {
-        ty_struct(did, ref substs) => {
+        ty_struct(did, substs) => {
             let fields = lookup_struct_fields(cx, did);
             lookup_field_type(cx, did, fields[0].id, substs)
         }
@@ -2716,7 +2850,7 @@ pub fn type_needs_unwind_cleanup<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> bool {
                 ty_bool | ty_int(_) | ty_uint(_) |
                 ty_float(_) | ty_tup(_) | ty_ptr(_) => false,
 
-                ty_enum(did, ref substs) =>
+                ty_enum(did, substs) =>
                     enum_variants(cx, did).iter().any(|v|
                         v.args.iter().any(|aty| {
                             let t = aty.subst(cx, substs);
@@ -2969,9 +3103,10 @@ pub fn type_contents<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> TypeContents {
 
             ty_rptr(r, ref mt) => {
                 TC::ReachesFfiUnsafe | match mt.ty.sty {
-                    ty_str => borrowed_contents(r, ast::MutImmutable),
-                    ty_vec(..) => tc_ty(cx, mt.ty, cache).reference(borrowed_contents(r, mt.mutbl)),
-                    _ => tc_ty(cx, mt.ty, cache).reference(borrowed_contents(r, mt.mutbl)),
+                    ty_str => borrowed_contents(*r, ast::MutImmutable),
+                    ty_vec(..) => tc_ty(cx, mt.ty, cache).reference(borrowed_contents(*r,
+                                                                                      mt.mutbl)),
+                    _ => tc_ty(cx, mt.ty, cache).reference(borrowed_contents(*r, mt.mutbl)),
                 }
             }
 
@@ -2984,7 +3119,7 @@ pub fn type_contents<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> TypeContents {
             }
             ty_str => TC::Nonsized,
 
-            ty_struct(did, ref substs) => {
+            ty_struct(did, substs) => {
                 let flds = struct_fields(cx, did, substs);
                 let mut res =
                     TypeContents::union(flds[],
@@ -3000,13 +3135,13 @@ pub fn type_contents<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> TypeContents {
                 apply_lang_items(cx, did, res)
             }
 
-            ty_unboxed_closure(did, r, ref substs) => {
+            ty_unboxed_closure(did, r, substs) => {
                 // FIXME(#14449): `borrowed_contents` below assumes `&mut`
                 // unboxed closure.
                 let upvars = unboxed_closure_upvars(cx, did, substs);
                 TypeContents::union(upvars.as_slice(),
                                     |f| tc_ty(cx, f.ty, cache))
-                    | borrowed_contents(r, MutMutable)
+                    | borrowed_contents(*r, MutMutable)
             }
 
             ty_tup(ref tys) => {
@@ -3014,7 +3149,7 @@ pub fn type_contents<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> TypeContents {
                                     |ty| tc_ty(cx, *ty, cache))
             }
 
-            ty_enum(did, ref substs) => {
+            ty_enum(did, substs) => {
                 let variants = substd_enum_variants(cx, did, substs);
                 let mut res =
                     TypeContents::union(variants[], |variant| {
@@ -3306,7 +3441,7 @@ pub fn is_instantiable<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, r_ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> bool {
                 false
             }
 
-            ty_struct(did, ref substs) => {
+            ty_struct(did, substs) => {
                 seen.push(did);
                 let fields = struct_fields(cx, did, substs);
                 let r = fields.iter().any(|f| type_requires(cx, seen, r_ty, f.mt.ty));
@@ -3314,7 +3449,7 @@ pub fn is_instantiable<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, r_ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> bool {
                 r
             }
 
-            ty_unboxed_closure(did, _, ref substs) => {
+            ty_unboxed_closure(did, _, substs) => {
                 let upvars = unboxed_closure_upvars(cx, did, substs);
                 upvars.iter().any(|f| type_requires(cx, seen, r_ty, f.ty))
             }
@@ -3327,7 +3462,7 @@ pub fn is_instantiable<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, r_ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> bool {
                 false
             }
 
-            ty_enum(did, ref substs) => {
+            ty_enum(did, substs) => {
                 seen.push(did);
                 let vs = enum_variants(cx, did);
                 let r = !vs.is_empty() && vs.iter().all(|variant| {
@@ -3394,11 +3529,11 @@ pub fn is_type_representable<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, sp: Span, ty: Ty<'tcx>)
             ty_vec(ty, Some(_)) => {
                 is_type_structurally_recursive(cx, sp, seen, ty)
             }
-            ty_struct(did, ref substs) => {
+            ty_struct(did, substs) => {
                 let fields = struct_fields(cx, did, substs);
                 find_nonrepresentable(cx, sp, seen, fields.iter().map(|f| f.mt.ty))
             }
-            ty_enum(did, ref substs) => {
+            ty_enum(did, substs) => {
                 let vs = enum_variants(cx, did);
                 let iter = vs.iter()
                     .flat_map(|variant| { variant.args.iter() })
@@ -3406,7 +3541,7 @@ pub fn is_type_representable<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, sp: Span, ty: Ty<'tcx>)
 
                 find_nonrepresentable(cx, sp, seen, iter)
             }
-            ty_unboxed_closure(did, _, ref substs) => {
+            ty_unboxed_closure(did, _, substs) => {
                 let upvars = unboxed_closure_upvars(cx, did, substs);
                 find_nonrepresentable(cx, sp, seen, upvars.iter().map(|f| f.ty))
             }
@@ -3626,7 +3761,7 @@ pub fn lltype_is_sized<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> bool {
 pub fn unsized_part_of_type<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
     match ty.sty {
         ty_str | ty_trait(..) | ty_vec(..) => ty,
-        ty_struct(def_id, ref substs) => {
+        ty_struct(def_id, substs) => {
             let unsized_fields: Vec<_> = struct_fields(cx, def_id, substs).iter()
                 .map(|f| f.mt.ty).filter(|ty| !type_is_sized(cx, *ty)).collect();
             // Exactly one of the fields must be unsized.
@@ -3678,7 +3813,7 @@ pub fn deref<'tcx>(ty: Ty<'tcx>, explicit: bool) -> Option<mt<'tcx>> {
 
 pub fn close_type<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
     match ty.sty {
-        ty_open(ty) => mk_rptr(cx, ReStatic, mt {ty: ty, mutbl:ast::MutImmutable}),
+        ty_open(ty) => mk_rptr(cx, cx.mk_region(ReStatic), mt {ty: ty, mutbl:ast::MutImmutable}),
         _ => cx.sess.bug(format!("Trying to close a non-open type {}",
                                  ty_to_string(cx, ty))[])
     }
@@ -3730,16 +3865,16 @@ pub fn positional_element_ty<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>,
         (&ty_tup(ref v), None) => v.get(i).map(|&t| t),
 
 
-        (&ty_struct(def_id, ref substs), None) => lookup_struct_fields(cx, def_id)
+        (&ty_struct(def_id, substs), None) => lookup_struct_fields(cx, def_id)
             .get(i)
             .map(|&t|lookup_item_type(cx, t.id).ty.subst(cx, substs)),
 
-        (&ty_enum(def_id, ref substs), Some(variant_def_id)) => {
+        (&ty_enum(def_id, substs), Some(variant_def_id)) => {
             let variant_info = enum_variant_with_id(cx, def_id, variant_def_id);
             variant_info.args.get(i).map(|t|t.subst(cx, substs))
         }
 
-        (&ty_enum(def_id, ref substs), None) => {
+        (&ty_enum(def_id, substs), None) => {
             assert!(enum_is_univariant(cx, def_id));
             let enum_variants = enum_variants(cx, def_id);
             let variant_info = &(*enum_variants)[0];
@@ -3758,12 +3893,12 @@ pub fn named_element_ty<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>,
                               variant: Option<ast::DefId>) -> Option<Ty<'tcx>> {
 
     match (&ty.sty, variant) {
-        (&ty_struct(def_id, ref substs), None) => {
+        (&ty_struct(def_id, substs), None) => {
             let r = lookup_struct_fields(cx, def_id);
             r.iter().find(|f| f.name == n)
                 .map(|&f| lookup_field_type(cx, def_id, f.id, substs))
         }
-        (&ty_enum(def_id, ref substs), Some(variant_def_id)) => {
+        (&ty_enum(def_id, substs), Some(variant_def_id)) => {
             let variant_info = enum_variant_with_id(cx, def_id, variant_def_id);
             variant_info.arg_names.as_ref()
                 .expect("must have struct enum variant if accessing a named fields")
@@ -3882,7 +4017,7 @@ pub fn ty_region(tcx: &ctxt,
                  span: Span,
                  ty: Ty) -> Region {
     match ty.sty {
-        ty_rptr(r, _) => r,
+        ty_rptr(r, _) => *r,
         ref s => {
             tcx.sess.span_bug(
                 span,
@@ -4025,8 +4160,8 @@ pub fn adjust_ty<'tcx, F>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>,
 
                 AdjustReifyFnPointer(_) => {
                     match unadjusted_ty.sty {
-                        ty::ty_bare_fn(Some(_), ref b) => {
-                            ty::mk_bare_fn(cx, None, (*b).clone())
+                        ty::ty_bare_fn(Some(_), b) => {
+                            ty::mk_bare_fn(cx, None, b)
                         }
                         ref b => {
                             cx.sess.bug(
@@ -4088,7 +4223,7 @@ pub fn adjust_ty_for_autoref<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>,
                 &Some(box ref a) => adjust_ty_for_autoref(cx, span, ty, Some(a)),
                 &None => ty
             };
-            mk_rptr(cx, r, mt {
+            mk_rptr(cx, cx.mk_region(r), mt {
                 ty: adjusted_ty,
                 mutbl: m
             })
@@ -4126,12 +4261,12 @@ pub fn unsize_ty<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>,
                                           ty_to_string(cx, ty))[])
         },
         &UnsizeStruct(box ref k, tp_index) => match ty.sty {
-            ty_struct(did, ref substs) => {
+            ty_struct(did, substs) => {
                 let ty_substs = substs.types.get_slice(subst::TypeSpace);
                 let new_ty = unsize_ty(cx, ty_substs[tp_index], k, span);
                 let mut unsized_substs = substs.clone();
                 unsized_substs.types.get_mut_slice(subst::TypeSpace)[tp_index] = new_ty;
-                mk_struct(cx, did, unsized_substs)
+                mk_struct(cx, did, cx.mk_substs(unsized_substs))
             }
             _ => cx.sess.span_bug(span,
                                   format!("UnsizeStruct with bad sty: {}",
@@ -4731,7 +4866,7 @@ pub fn associated_type_parameter_index(cx: &ctxt,
                                        -> uint {
     for type_parameter_def in trait_def.generics.types.iter() {
         if type_parameter_def.def_id == associated_type_id {
-            return type_parameter_def.index
+            return type_parameter_def.index as uint
         }
     }
     cx.sess.bug("couldn't find associated type parameter index")
@@ -5156,9 +5291,10 @@ pub fn predicates_for_trait_ref<'tcx>(tcx: &ctxt<'tcx>,
         trait_def.bounds.trait_bounds
         .iter()
         .map(|bound_trait_ref| {
+            let substs = tcx.mk_substs(bound_trait_ref.substs().subst(tcx, trait_ref.substs()));
             ty::Binder(
                 ty::TraitRef::new(bound_trait_ref.def_id(),
-                                  bound_trait_ref.substs().subst(tcx, trait_ref.substs())))
+                                  substs))
         })
         .map(|bound_trait_ref| Rc::new(bound_trait_ref))
         .collect();
@@ -5375,7 +5511,7 @@ pub fn unboxed_closure_upvars<'tcx>(tcx: &ctxt<'tcx>, closure_id: ast::DefId, su
                         var_id: freevar_def_id.node,
                         closure_expr_id: closure_id.node
                     }].clone();
-                    freevar_ty = mk_rptr(tcx, borrow.region, ty::mt {
+                    freevar_ty = mk_rptr(tcx, tcx.mk_region(borrow.region), ty::mt {
                         ty: freevar_ty,
                         mutbl: borrow.kind.to_mutbl_lossy()
                     });
@@ -5568,7 +5704,7 @@ pub fn object_region_bounds<'tcx>(tcx: &ctxt<'tcx>,
 
     let opt_trait_ref = opt_principal.map_or(Vec::new(), |principal| {
         let substs = principal.substs().with_self_ty(open_ty);
-        vec!(Rc::new(ty::Binder(ty::TraitRef::new(principal.def_id(), substs))))
+        vec!(Rc::new(ty::Binder(ty::TraitRef::new(principal.def_id(), tcx.mk_substs(substs)))))
     });
 
     let param_bounds = ty::ParamBounds {
@@ -5927,7 +6063,7 @@ pub fn hash_crate_independent<'tcx>(tcx: &ctxt<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>, svh: &Svh) -
                 }
                 ty_rptr(r, m) => {
                     byte!(13);
-                    region(state, r);
+                    region(state, *r);
                     mt(state, m);
                 }
                 ty_bare_fn(opt_def_id, ref b) => {
@@ -5987,7 +6123,7 @@ pub fn hash_crate_independent<'tcx>(tcx: &ctxt<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>, svh: &Svh) -
                 ty_unboxed_closure(d, r, _) => {
                     byte!(24);
                     did(state, d);
-                    region(state, r);
+                    region(state, *r);
                 }
             }
             true
@@ -6095,7 +6231,7 @@ pub fn construct_parameter_environment<'tcx>(
                    space,
                    def.repr(tcx),
                    i);
-            let ty = ty::mk_param(tcx, space, i, def.def_id);
+            let ty = ty::mk_param(tcx, space, i as u32, def.def_id);
             types.push(space, ty);
         }
     }
@@ -6229,13 +6365,13 @@ pub fn accumulate_lifetimes_in_type(accumulator: &mut Vec<ty::Region>,
     walk_ty(ty, |ty| {
         match ty.sty {
             ty_rptr(region, _) => {
-                accumulator.push(region)
+                accumulator.push(*region)
             }
             ty_trait(ref t) => {
                 accumulator.push_all(t.principal.substs().regions().as_slice());
             }
-            ty_enum(_, ref substs) |
-            ty_struct(_, ref substs) => {
+            ty_enum(_, substs) |
+            ty_struct(_, substs) => {
                 accum_substs(accumulator, substs);
             }
             ty_closure(ref closure_ty) => {
@@ -6244,7 +6380,7 @@ pub fn accumulate_lifetimes_in_type(accumulator: &mut Vec<ty::Region>,
                     UniqTraitStore => {}
                 }
             }
-            ty_unboxed_closure(_, ref region, ref substs) => {
+            ty_unboxed_closure(_, region, substs) => {
                 accumulator.push(*region);
                 accum_substs(accumulator, substs);
             }
@@ -6416,12 +6552,12 @@ pub fn replace_late_bound_regions<'tcx, T, F>(
 }
 
 impl DebruijnIndex {
-    pub fn new(depth: uint) -> DebruijnIndex {
+    pub fn new(depth: u32) -> DebruijnIndex {
         assert!(depth > 0);
         DebruijnIndex { depth: depth }
     }
 
-    pub fn shifted(&self, amount: uint) -> DebruijnIndex {
+    pub fn shifted(&self, amount: u32) -> DebruijnIndex {
         DebruijnIndex { depth: self.depth + amount }
     }
 }
@@ -6559,7 +6695,7 @@ pub fn can_type_implement_copy<'tcx>(tcx: &ctxt<'tcx>,
                                      param_env: &ParameterEnvironment<'tcx>)
                                      -> Result<(),CopyImplementationError> {
     match self_type.sty {
-        ty::ty_struct(struct_did, ref substs) => {
+        ty::ty_struct(struct_did, substs) => {
             let fields = ty::struct_fields(tcx, struct_did, substs);
             for field in fields.iter() {
                 if type_moves_by_default(tcx, field.mt.ty, param_env) {
@@ -6567,7 +6703,7 @@ pub fn can_type_implement_copy<'tcx>(tcx: &ctxt<'tcx>,
                 }
             }
         }
-        ty::ty_enum(enum_did, ref substs) => {
+        ty::ty_enum(enum_did, substs) => {
             let enum_variants = ty::enum_variants(tcx, enum_did);
             for variant in enum_variants.iter() {
                 for variant_arg_type in variant.args.iter() {
@@ -6592,43 +6728,42 @@ pub trait RegionEscape {
         self.has_regions_escaping_depth(0)
     }
 
-    fn has_regions_escaping_depth(&self, depth: uint) -> bool;
+    fn has_regions_escaping_depth(&self, depth: u32) -> bool;
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> RegionEscape for Ty<'tcx> {
-    fn has_regions_escaping_depth(&self, depth: uint) -> bool {
+    fn has_regions_escaping_depth(&self, depth: u32) -> bool {
         ty::type_escapes_depth(*self, depth)
     }
 }
 
 impl RegionEscape for Region {
-    fn has_regions_escaping_depth(&self, depth: uint) -> bool {
+    fn has_regions_escaping_depth(&self, depth: u32) -> bool {
         self.escapes_depth(depth)
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> RegionEscape for TraitRef<'tcx> {
-    fn has_regions_escaping_depth(&self, depth: uint) -> bool {
+    fn has_regions_escaping_depth(&self, depth: u32) -> bool {
         self.substs.types.iter().any(|t| t.has_regions_escaping_depth(depth)) &&
             self.substs.regions().iter().any(|t| t.has_regions_escaping_depth(depth))
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx,T:RegionEscape> RegionEscape for Binder<T> {
-    fn has_regions_escaping_depth(&self, depth: uint) -> bool {
+    fn has_regions_escaping_depth(&self, depth: u32) -> bool {
         self.0.has_regions_escaping_depth(depth + 1)
     }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> RegionEscape for EquatePredicate<'tcx> {
-    fn has_regions_escaping_depth(&self, depth: uint) -> bool {
+    fn has_regions_escaping_depth(&self, depth: u32) -> bool {
         self.0.has_regions_escaping_depth(depth) || self.1.has_regions_escaping_depth(depth)
     }
 }
 
 impl<T:RegionEscape,U:RegionEscape> RegionEscape for OutlivesPredicate<T,U> {
-    fn has_regions_escaping_depth(&self, depth: uint) -> bool {
+    fn has_regions_escaping_depth(&self, depth: u32) -> bool {
         self.0.has_regions_escaping_depth(depth) || self.1.has_regions_escaping_depth(depth)
     }
 }
-
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/ty_fold.rs b/src/librustc/middle/ty_fold.rs
index b7cde762a84..782b464ed96 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/ty_fold.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/ty_fold.rs
@@ -527,7 +527,8 @@ pub fn super_fold_ty<'tcx, T: TypeFolder<'tcx>>(this: &mut T,
             ty::ty_open(typ.fold_with(this))
         }
         ty::ty_enum(tid, ref substs) => {
-            ty::ty_enum(tid, substs.fold_with(this))
+            let substs = substs.fold_with(this);
+            ty::ty_enum(tid, this.tcx().mk_substs(substs))
         }
         ty::ty_trait(box ty::TyTrait { ref principal, bounds }) => {
             ty::ty_trait(box ty::TyTrait {
@@ -539,19 +540,24 @@ pub fn super_fold_ty<'tcx, T: TypeFolder<'tcx>>(this: &mut T,
             ty::ty_tup(ts.fold_with(this))
         }
         ty::ty_bare_fn(opt_def_id, ref f) => {
-            ty::ty_bare_fn(opt_def_id, f.fold_with(this))
+            let bfn = f.fold_with(this);
+            ty::ty_bare_fn(opt_def_id, this.tcx().mk_bare_fn(bfn))
         }
         ty::ty_closure(ref f) => {
             ty::ty_closure(box f.fold_with(this))
         }
         ty::ty_rptr(r, ref tm) => {
-            ty::ty_rptr(r.fold_with(this), tm.fold_with(this))
+            let r = r.fold_with(this);
+            ty::ty_rptr(this.tcx().mk_region(r), tm.fold_with(this))
         }
         ty::ty_struct(did, ref substs) => {
-            ty::ty_struct(did, substs.fold_with(this))
+            let substs = substs.fold_with(this);
+            ty::ty_struct(did, this.tcx().mk_substs(substs))
         }
         ty::ty_unboxed_closure(did, ref region, ref substs) => {
-            ty::ty_unboxed_closure(did, region.fold_with(this), substs.fold_with(this))
+            let r = region.fold_with(this);
+            let s = substs.fold_with(this);
+            ty::ty_unboxed_closure(did, this.tcx().mk_region(r), this.tcx().mk_substs(s))
         }
         ty::ty_bool | ty::ty_char | ty::ty_str |
         ty::ty_int(_) | ty::ty_uint(_) | ty::ty_float(_) |
@@ -624,9 +630,10 @@ pub fn super_fold_trait_ref<'tcx, T: TypeFolder<'tcx>>(this: &mut T,
                                                        t: &ty::TraitRef<'tcx>)
                                                        -> ty::TraitRef<'tcx>
 {
+    let substs = t.substs.fold_with(this);
     ty::TraitRef {
         def_id: t.def_id,
-        substs: t.substs.fold_with(this),
+        substs: this.tcx().mk_substs(substs),
     }
 }
 
@@ -717,13 +724,13 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, F> TypeFolder<'tcx> for BottomUpFolder<'a, 'tcx, F> where
 
 pub struct RegionFolder<'a, 'tcx: 'a> {
     tcx: &'a ty::ctxt<'tcx>,
-    current_depth: uint,
-    fld_r: &'a mut (FnMut(ty::Region, uint) -> ty::Region + 'a),
+    current_depth: u32,
+    fld_r: &'a mut (FnMut(ty::Region, u32) -> ty::Region + 'a),
 }
 
 impl<'a, 'tcx> RegionFolder<'a, 'tcx> {
     pub fn new<F>(tcx: &'a ty::ctxt<'tcx>, fld_r: &'a mut F) -> RegionFolder<'a, 'tcx>
-        where F : FnMut(ty::Region, uint) -> ty::Region
+        where F : FnMut(ty::Region, u32) -> ty::Region
     {
         RegionFolder {
             tcx: tcx,
@@ -745,7 +752,7 @@ pub fn fold_regions<'tcx,T,F>(tcx: &ty::ctxt<'tcx>,
                               value: &T,
                               mut f: F)
                               -> T
-    where F : FnMut(ty::Region, uint) -> ty::Region,
+    where F : FnMut(ty::Region, u32) -> ty::Region,
           T : TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
 {
     value.fold_with(&mut RegionFolder::new(tcx, &mut f))
@@ -813,7 +820,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeFolder<'tcx> for RegionEraser<'a, 'tcx> {
 // regions. See comment on `shift_regions_through_binders` method in
 // `subst.rs` for more details.
 
-pub fn shift_region(region: ty::Region, amount: uint) -> ty::Region {
+pub fn shift_region(region: ty::Region, amount: u32) -> ty::Region {
     match region {
         ty::ReLateBound(debruijn, br) => {
             ty::ReLateBound(debruijn.shifted(amount), br)
@@ -825,7 +832,7 @@ pub fn shift_region(region: ty::Region, amount: uint) -> ty::Region {
 }
 
 pub fn shift_regions<'tcx, T:TypeFoldable<'tcx>+Repr<'tcx>>(tcx: &ty::ctxt<'tcx>,
-                                                            amount: uint, value: &T) -> T {
+                                                            amount: u32, value: &T) -> T {
     debug!("shift_regions(value={}, amount={})",
            value.repr(tcx), amount);
 
@@ -833,4 +840,3 @@ pub fn shift_regions<'tcx, T:TypeFoldable<'tcx>+Repr<'tcx>>(tcx: &ty::ctxt<'tcx>
         shift_region(region, amount)
     }))
 }
-
diff --git a/src/librustc/session/config.rs b/src/librustc/session/config.rs
index 6629f6620d4..5f3fbf897dc 100644
--- a/src/librustc/session/config.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/session/config.rs
@@ -278,7 +278,8 @@ debugging_opts! {
         PARSE_ONLY,
         NO_TRANS,
         NO_ANALYSIS,
-        UNSTABLE_OPTIONS
+        UNSTABLE_OPTIONS,
+        PRINT_ENUM_SIZES
     ]
     0
 }
@@ -331,7 +332,9 @@ pub fn debugging_opts_map() -> Vec<(&'static str, &'static str, u64)> {
      ("no-analysis", "Parse and expand the source, but run no analysis and",
       NO_TRANS),
      ("unstable-options", "Adds unstable command line options to rustc interface",
-      UNSTABLE_OPTIONS)]
+      UNSTABLE_OPTIONS),
+     ("print-enum-sizes", "Print the size of enums and their variants", PRINT_ENUM_SIZES),
+    ]
 }
 
 #[deriving(Clone)]
diff --git a/src/librustc/session/mod.rs b/src/librustc/session/mod.rs
index 37bdd1673e9..35c325bd764 100644
--- a/src/librustc/session/mod.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/session/mod.rs
@@ -202,6 +202,9 @@ impl Session {
     pub fn show_span(&self) -> bool {
         self.debugging_opt(config::SHOW_SPAN)
     }
+    pub fn print_enum_sizes(&self) -> bool {
+        self.debugging_opt(config::PRINT_ENUM_SIZES)
+    }
     pub fn sysroot<'a>(&'a self) -> &'a Path {
         match self.opts.maybe_sysroot {
             Some (ref sysroot) => sysroot,
@@ -304,4 +307,3 @@ pub fn early_warn(msg: &str) {
     let mut emitter = diagnostic::EmitterWriter::stderr(diagnostic::Auto, None);
     emitter.emit(None, msg, None, diagnostic::Warning);
 }
-
diff --git a/src/librustc/util/ppaux.rs b/src/librustc/util/ppaux.rs
index a02004e6d18..3a383dd5a3b 100644
--- a/src/librustc/util/ppaux.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/util/ppaux.rs
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ pub fn ty_to_string<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, typ: &ty::TyS<'tcx>) -> String {
             }, ty_to_string(cx, tm.ty))
         }
         ty_rptr(r, ref tm) => {
-            let mut buf = region_ptr_to_string(cx, r);
+            let mut buf = region_ptr_to_string(cx, *r);
             buf.push_str(mt_to_string(cx, tm)[]);
             buf
         }
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ pub fn ty_to_string<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, typ: &ty::TyS<'tcx>) -> String {
                 param_ty.user_string(cx)
             }
         }
-        ty_enum(did, ref substs) | ty_struct(did, ref substs) => {
+        ty_enum(did, substs) | ty_struct(did, substs) => {
             let base = ty::item_path_str(cx, did);
             let generics = ty::lookup_item_type(cx, did).generics;
             parameterized(cx, base.as_slice(), substs, &generics, did)
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ pub fn ty_to_string<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, typ: &ty::TyS<'tcx>) -> String {
                     bound_str)
         }
         ty_str => "str".to_string(),
-        ty_unboxed_closure(ref did, _, ref substs) => {
+        ty_unboxed_closure(ref did, _, substs) => {
             let unboxed_closures = cx.unboxed_closures.borrow();
             unboxed_closures.get(did).map(|cl| {
                 closure_to_string(cx, &cl.closure_type.subst(cx, substs))
@@ -759,7 +759,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Repr<'tcx> for ty::TraitRef<'tcx> {
         let trait_def = ty::lookup_trait_def(tcx, self.def_id);
         format!("TraitRef({}, {})",
                 self.substs.self_ty().repr(tcx),
-                parameterized(tcx, base.as_slice(), &self.substs, &trait_def.generics, self.def_id))
+                parameterized(tcx, base.as_slice(), self.substs, &trait_def.generics, self.def_id))
     }
 }
 
@@ -1209,7 +1209,7 @@ impl<'tcx> UserString<'tcx> for ty::TraitRef<'tcx> {
     fn user_string(&self, tcx: &ctxt<'tcx>) -> String {
         let path_str = ty::item_path_str(tcx, self.def_id);
         let trait_def = ty::lookup_trait_def(tcx, self.def_id);
-        parameterized(tcx, path_str.as_slice(), &self.substs,
+        parameterized(tcx, path_str.as_slice(), self.substs,
                       &trait_def.generics, self.def_id)
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/librustc_borrowck/borrowck/fragments.rs b/src/librustc_borrowck/borrowck/fragments.rs
index ef9130bb607..7609554033c 100644
--- a/src/librustc_borrowck/borrowck/fragments.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_borrowck/borrowck/fragments.rs
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ fn add_fragment_siblings_for_extension<'tcx>(this: &MoveData<'tcx>,
             }
         }
 
-        (&ty::ty_enum(enum_def_id, ref substs), ref enum_variant_info) => {
+        (&ty::ty_enum(enum_def_id, substs), ref enum_variant_info) => {
             let variant_info = {
                 let mut variants = ty::substd_enum_variants(tcx, enum_def_id, substs);
                 match *enum_variant_info {
diff --git a/src/librustc_driver/driver.rs b/src/librustc_driver/driver.rs
index 4ab5c19430b..0ac8d6ba734 100644
--- a/src/librustc_driver/driver.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_driver/driver.rs
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ use serialize::{json, Encodable};
 use std::io;
 use std::io::fs;
 use std::os;
-use arena::TypedArena;
 use syntax::ast;
 use syntax::ast_map;
 use syntax::attr;
@@ -79,12 +78,23 @@ pub fn compile_input(sess: Session,
 
         if stop_after_phase_2(&sess) { return; }
 
-        let type_arena = TypedArena::new();
-        let analysis = phase_3_run_analysis_passes(sess, ast_map, &type_arena, id);
+        let arenas = ty::CtxtArenas::new();
+        let analysis = phase_3_run_analysis_passes(sess, ast_map, &arenas, id);
         phase_save_analysis(&analysis.ty_cx.sess, analysis.ty_cx.map.krate(), &analysis, outdir);
+
+        if log_enabled!(::log::INFO) {
+            println!("Pre-trans");
+            analysis.ty_cx.print_debug_stats();
+        }
+
         if stop_after_phase_3(&analysis.ty_cx.sess) { return; }
         let (tcx, trans) = phase_4_translate_to_llvm(analysis);
 
+        if log_enabled!(::log::INFO) {
+            println!("Post-trans");
+            tcx.print_debug_stats();
+        }
+
         // Discard interned strings as they are no longer required.
         token::get_ident_interner().clear();
 
@@ -331,7 +341,7 @@ pub fn assign_node_ids_and_map<'ast>(sess: &Session,
 /// structures carrying the results of the analysis.
 pub fn phase_3_run_analysis_passes<'tcx>(sess: Session,
                                          ast_map: ast_map::Map<'tcx>,
-                                         type_arena: &'tcx TypedArena<ty::TyS<'tcx>>,
+                                         arenas: &'tcx ty::CtxtArenas<'tcx>,
                                          name: String) -> ty::CrateAnalysis<'tcx> {
     let time_passes = sess.time_passes();
     let krate = ast_map.krate();
@@ -391,7 +401,7 @@ pub fn phase_3_run_analysis_passes<'tcx>(sess: Session,
          middle::check_static_recursion::check_crate(&sess, krate, &def_map, &ast_map));
 
     let ty_cx = ty::mk_ctxt(sess,
-                            type_arena,
+                            arenas,
                             def_map,
                             named_region_map,
                             ast_map,
diff --git a/src/librustc_driver/pretty.rs b/src/librustc_driver/pretty.rs
index 9334c648a1f..cf99d409ceb 100644
--- a/src/librustc_driver/pretty.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_driver/pretty.rs
@@ -40,7 +40,6 @@ use graphviz as dot;
 use std::io::{mod, MemReader};
 use std::option;
 use std::str::FromStr;
-use arena::TypedArena;
 
 #[deriving(Copy, PartialEq, Show)]
 pub enum PpSourceMode {
@@ -112,7 +111,7 @@ impl PpSourceMode {
     fn call_with_pp_support<'tcx, A, B, F>(&self,
                                            sess: Session,
                                            ast_map: Option<ast_map::Map<'tcx>>,
-                                           type_arena: &'tcx TypedArena<ty::TyS<'tcx>>,
+                                           arenas: &'tcx ty::CtxtArenas<'tcx>,
                                            id: String,
                                            payload: B,
                                            f: F) -> A where
@@ -134,8 +133,7 @@ impl PpSourceMode {
             }
             PpmTyped => {
                 let ast_map = ast_map.expect("--pretty=typed missing ast_map");
-                let analysis = driver::phase_3_run_analysis_passes(sess, ast_map,
-                                                                   type_arena, id);
+                let analysis = driver::phase_3_run_analysis_passes(sess, ast_map, arenas, id);
                 let annotation = TypedAnnotation { analysis: analysis };
                 f(&annotation, payload)
             }
@@ -510,7 +508,7 @@ pub fn pretty_print_input(sess: Session,
     };
 
     let mut forest = ast_map::Forest::new(krate);
-    let type_arena = TypedArena::new();
+    let arenas = ty::CtxtArenas::new();
 
     let (krate, ast_map) = if compute_ast_map {
         let map = driver::assign_node_ids_and_map(&sess, &mut forest);
@@ -539,7 +537,7 @@ pub fn pretty_print_input(sess: Session,
     match (ppm, opt_uii) {
         (PpmSource(s), None) =>
             s.call_with_pp_support(
-                sess, ast_map, &type_arena, id, out, |annotation, out| {
+                sess, ast_map, &arenas, id, out, |annotation, out| {
                     debug!("pretty printing source code {}", s);
                     let sess = annotation.sess();
                     pprust::print_crate(sess.codemap(),
@@ -554,7 +552,7 @@ pub fn pretty_print_input(sess: Session,
 
         (PpmSource(s), Some(uii)) =>
             s.call_with_pp_support(
-                sess, ast_map, &type_arena, id, (out,uii), |annotation, (out,uii)| {
+                sess, ast_map, &arenas, id, (out,uii), |annotation, (out,uii)| {
                     debug!("pretty printing source code {}", s);
                     let sess = annotation.sess();
                     let ast_map = annotation.ast_map()
@@ -596,8 +594,7 @@ pub fn pretty_print_input(sess: Session,
             match code {
                 Some(code) => {
                     let variants = gather_flowgraph_variants(&sess);
-                    let analysis = driver::phase_3_run_analysis_passes(sess, ast_map,
-                                                                       &type_arena, id);
+                    let analysis = driver::phase_3_run_analysis_passes(sess, ast_map, &arenas, id);
                     print_flowgraph(variants, analysis, code, out)
                 }
                 None => {
diff --git a/src/librustc_driver/test.rs b/src/librustc_driver/test.rs
index 1ef1486dd54..941155ac5e7 100644
--- a/src/librustc_driver/test.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_driver/test.rs
@@ -127,9 +127,9 @@ fn test_env<F>(source_string: &str,
     let named_region_map = resolve_lifetime::krate(&sess, krate, &def_map);
     let region_map = region::resolve_crate(&sess, krate);
     let stability_index = stability::Index::build(krate);
-    let type_arena = TypedArena::new();
+    let arenas = ty::CtxtArenas::new();
     let tcx = ty::mk_ctxt(sess,
-                          &type_arena,
+                          &arenas,
                           def_map,
                           named_region_map,
                           ast_map,
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Env<'a, 'tcx> {
         let input_args = input_tys.iter().map(|ty| *ty).collect();
         ty::mk_bare_fn(self.infcx.tcx,
                        None,
-                       ty::BareFnTy {
+                       self.infcx.tcx.mk_bare_fn(ty::BareFnTy {
                            unsafety: ast::Unsafety::Normal,
                            abi: abi::Rust,
                            sig: ty::Binder(ty::FnSig {
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Env<'a, 'tcx> {
                                output: ty::FnConverging(output_ty),
                                variadic: false
                            })
-                       })
+                       }))
     }
 
     pub fn t_nil(&self) -> Ty<'tcx> {
@@ -295,13 +295,13 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Env<'a, 'tcx> {
         })
     }
 
-    pub fn t_param(&self, space: subst::ParamSpace, index: uint) -> Ty<'tcx> {
+    pub fn t_param(&self, space: subst::ParamSpace, index: u32) -> Ty<'tcx> {
         ty::mk_param(self.infcx.tcx, space, index, ast_util::local_def(ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID))
     }
 
     pub fn re_early_bound(&self,
                           space: subst::ParamSpace,
-                          index: uint,
+                          index: u32,
                           name: &'static str)
                           -> ty::Region
     {
@@ -309,44 +309,48 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Env<'a, 'tcx> {
         ty::ReEarlyBound(ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID, space, index, name)
     }
 
-    pub fn re_late_bound_with_debruijn(&self, id: uint, debruijn: ty::DebruijnIndex) -> ty::Region {
+    pub fn re_late_bound_with_debruijn(&self, id: u32, debruijn: ty::DebruijnIndex) -> ty::Region {
         ty::ReLateBound(debruijn, ty::BrAnon(id))
     }
 
     pub fn t_rptr(&self, r: ty::Region) -> Ty<'tcx> {
-        ty::mk_imm_rptr(self.infcx.tcx, r, ty::mk_int())
+        ty::mk_imm_rptr(self.infcx.tcx, self.infcx.tcx.mk_region(r), ty::mk_int())
     }
 
-    pub fn t_rptr_late_bound(&self, id: uint) -> Ty<'tcx> {
+    pub fn t_rptr_late_bound(&self, id: u32) -> Ty<'tcx> {
+        let r = self.re_late_bound_with_debruijn(id, ty::DebruijnIndex::new(1));
         ty::mk_imm_rptr(self.infcx.tcx,
-                        self.re_late_bound_with_debruijn(id, ty::DebruijnIndex::new(1)),
+                        self.infcx.tcx.mk_region(r),
                         ty::mk_int())
     }
 
     pub fn t_rptr_late_bound_with_debruijn(&self,
-                                           id: uint,
+                                           id: u32,
                                            debruijn: ty::DebruijnIndex)
                                            -> Ty<'tcx> {
+        let r = self.re_late_bound_with_debruijn(id, debruijn);
         ty::mk_imm_rptr(self.infcx.tcx,
-                        self.re_late_bound_with_debruijn(id, debruijn),
+                        self.infcx.tcx.mk_region(r),
                         ty::mk_int())
     }
 
     pub fn t_rptr_scope(&self, id: ast::NodeId) -> Ty<'tcx> {
-        ty::mk_imm_rptr(self.infcx.tcx, ty::ReScope(CodeExtent::from_node_id(id)), ty::mk_int())
+        let r = ty::ReScope(CodeExtent::from_node_id(id));
+        ty::mk_imm_rptr(self.infcx.tcx, self.infcx.tcx.mk_region(r), ty::mk_int())
     }
 
-    pub fn re_free(&self, nid: ast::NodeId, id: uint) -> ty::Region {
+    pub fn re_free(&self, nid: ast::NodeId, id: u32) -> ty::Region {
         ty::ReFree(ty::FreeRegion { scope: CodeExtent::from_node_id(nid),
                                     bound_region: ty::BrAnon(id)})
     }
 
-    pub fn t_rptr_free(&self, nid: ast::NodeId, id: uint) -> Ty<'tcx> {
-        ty::mk_imm_rptr(self.infcx.tcx, self.re_free(nid, id), ty::mk_int())
+    pub fn t_rptr_free(&self, nid: ast::NodeId, id: u32) -> Ty<'tcx> {
+        let r = self.re_free(nid, id);
+        ty::mk_imm_rptr(self.infcx.tcx, self.infcx.tcx.mk_region(r), ty::mk_int())
     }
 
     pub fn t_rptr_static(&self) -> Ty<'tcx> {
-        ty::mk_imm_rptr(self.infcx.tcx, ty::ReStatic, ty::mk_int())
+        ty::mk_imm_rptr(self.infcx.tcx, self.infcx.tcx.mk_region(ty::ReStatic), ty::mk_int())
     }
 
     pub fn dummy_type_trace(&self) -> infer::TypeTrace<'tcx> {
@@ -816,4 +820,3 @@ fn subst_region_renumber_region() {
         assert_eq!(t_substituted, t_expected);
     })
 }
-
diff --git a/src/librustc_resolve/lib.rs b/src/librustc_resolve/lib.rs
index 720883a8e9a..c168709eec5 100644
--- a/src/librustc_resolve/lib.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_resolve/lib.rs
@@ -4254,7 +4254,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
 
                     let def_like = DlDef(DefTyParam(space,
                                                     local_def(type_parameter.id),
-                                                    index));
+                                                    index as u32));
                     // Associate this type parameter with
                     // the item that bound it
                     self.record_def(type_parameter.id,
diff --git a/src/librustc_trans/trans/_match.rs b/src/librustc_trans/trans/_match.rs
index fb8006905f9..a798d09872c 100644
--- a/src/librustc_trans/trans/_match.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_trans/trans/_match.rs
@@ -635,7 +635,7 @@ fn bind_subslice_pat(bcx: Block,
     let slice_len_offset = C_uint(bcx.ccx(), offset_left + offset_right);
     let slice_len = Sub(bcx, len, slice_len_offset);
     let slice_ty = ty::mk_slice(bcx.tcx(),
-                                ty::ReStatic,
+                                bcx.tcx().mk_region(ty::ReStatic),
                                 ty::mt {ty: vt.unit_ty, mutbl: ast::MutImmutable});
     let scratch = rvalue_scratch_datum(bcx, slice_ty, "");
     Store(bcx, slice_begin,
@@ -808,7 +808,9 @@ fn compare_values<'blk, 'tcx>(cx: Block<'blk, 'tcx>,
                 ty::ty_uint(ast::TyU8) => {
                     // NOTE: cast &[u8] to &str and abuse the str_eq lang item,
                     // which calls memcmp().
-                    let t = ty::mk_str_slice(cx.tcx(), ty::ReStatic, ast::MutImmutable);
+                    let t = ty::mk_str_slice(cx.tcx(),
+                                             cx.tcx().mk_region(ty::ReStatic),
+                                             ast::MutImmutable);
                     let lhs = BitCast(cx, lhs, type_of::type_of(cx.ccx(), t).ptr_to());
                     let rhs = BitCast(cx, rhs, type_of::type_of(cx.ccx(), t).ptr_to());
                     compare_str(cx, lhs, rhs, rhs_t)
diff --git a/src/librustc_trans/trans/adt.rs b/src/librustc_trans/trans/adt.rs
index cd788945d3b..595d252a0b1 100644
--- a/src/librustc_trans/trans/adt.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_trans/trans/adt.rs
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ fn represent_type_uncached<'a, 'tcx>(cx: &CrateContext<'a, 'tcx>,
         ty::ty_tup(ref elems) => {
             Univariant(mk_struct(cx, elems[], false, t), false)
         }
-        ty::ty_struct(def_id, ref substs) => {
+        ty::ty_struct(def_id, substs) => {
             let fields = ty::lookup_struct_fields(cx.tcx(), def_id);
             let mut ftys = fields.iter().map(|field| {
                 ty::lookup_field_type(cx.tcx(), def_id, field.id, substs)
@@ -167,12 +167,12 @@ fn represent_type_uncached<'a, 'tcx>(cx: &CrateContext<'a, 'tcx>,
 
             Univariant(mk_struct(cx, ftys[], packed, t), dtor)
         }
-        ty::ty_unboxed_closure(def_id, _, ref substs) => {
+        ty::ty_unboxed_closure(def_id, _, substs) => {
             let upvars = ty::unboxed_closure_upvars(cx.tcx(), def_id, substs);
             let upvar_types = upvars.iter().map(|u| u.ty).collect::<Vec<_>>();
             Univariant(mk_struct(cx, upvar_types[], false, t), false)
         }
-        ty::ty_enum(def_id, ref substs) => {
+        ty::ty_enum(def_id, substs) => {
             let cases = get_cases(cx.tcx(), def_id, substs);
             let hint = *ty::lookup_repr_hints(cx.tcx(), def_id)[].get(0)
                 .unwrap_or(&attr::ReprAny);
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ fn find_discr_field_candidate<'tcx>(tcx: &ty::ctxt<'tcx>,
         },
 
         // Is this the NonZero lang item wrapping a pointer or integer type?
-        ty::ty_struct(did, ref substs) if Some(did) == tcx.lang_items.non_zero() => {
+        ty::ty_struct(did, substs) if Some(did) == tcx.lang_items.non_zero() => {
             let nonzero_fields = ty::lookup_struct_fields(tcx, did);
             assert_eq!(nonzero_fields.len(), 1);
             let nonzero_field = ty::lookup_field_type(tcx, did, nonzero_fields[0].id, substs);
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ fn find_discr_field_candidate<'tcx>(tcx: &ty::ctxt<'tcx>,
 
         // Perhaps one of the fields of this struct is non-zero
         // let's recurse and find out
-        ty::ty_struct(def_id, ref substs) => {
+        ty::ty_struct(def_id, substs) => {
             let fields = ty::lookup_struct_fields(tcx, def_id);
             for (j, field) in fields.iter().enumerate() {
                 let field_ty = ty::lookup_field_type(tcx, def_id, field.id, substs);
diff --git a/src/librustc_trans/trans/base.rs b/src/librustc_trans/trans/base.rs
index f49fc7f06c5..dd5809730d6 100644
--- a/src/librustc_trans/trans/base.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_trans/trans/base.rs
@@ -264,10 +264,10 @@ pub fn self_type_for_unboxed_closure<'a, 'tcx>(ccx: &CrateContext<'a, 'tcx>,
     let unboxed_closure = &(*unboxed_closures)[closure_id];
     match unboxed_closure.kind {
         ty::FnUnboxedClosureKind => {
-            ty::mk_imm_rptr(ccx.tcx(), ty::ReStatic, fn_ty)
+            ty::mk_imm_rptr(ccx.tcx(), ccx.tcx().mk_region(ty::ReStatic), fn_ty)
         }
         ty::FnMutUnboxedClosureKind => {
-            ty::mk_mut_rptr(ccx.tcx(), ty::ReStatic, fn_ty)
+            ty::mk_mut_rptr(ccx.tcx(), ccx.tcx().mk_region(ty::ReStatic), fn_ty)
         }
         ty::FnOnceUnboxedClosureKind => fn_ty
     }
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ pub fn decl_rust_fn<'a, 'tcx>(ccx: &CrateContext<'a, 'tcx>,
         ty::ty_closure(ref f) => {
             (f.sig.0.inputs.clone(), f.sig.0.output, f.abi, Some(Type::i8p(ccx)))
         }
-        ty::ty_unboxed_closure(closure_did, _, ref substs) => {
+        ty::ty_unboxed_closure(closure_did, _, substs) => {
             let unboxed_closures = ccx.tcx().unboxed_closures.borrow();
             let unboxed_closure = &(*unboxed_closures)[closure_did];
             let function_type = unboxed_closure.closure_type.clone();
@@ -529,9 +529,9 @@ pub fn get_res_dtor<'a, 'tcx>(ccx: &CrateContext<'a, 'tcx>,
         assert_eq!(did.krate, ast::LOCAL_CRATE);
 
         // Since we're in trans we don't care for any region parameters
-        let ref substs = subst::Substs::erased(substs.types.clone());
+        let substs = subst::Substs::erased(substs.types.clone());
 
-        let (val, _) = monomorphize::monomorphic_fn(ccx, did, substs, None);
+        let (val, _) = monomorphize::monomorphic_fn(ccx, did, &substs, None);
 
         val
     } else if did.krate == ast::LOCAL_CRATE {
@@ -749,7 +749,7 @@ pub fn iter_structural_ty<'a, 'blk, 'tcx>(cx: Block<'blk, 'tcx>,
               }
           })
       }
-      ty::ty_unboxed_closure(def_id, _, ref substs) => {
+      ty::ty_unboxed_closure(def_id, _, substs) => {
           let repr = adt::represent_type(cx.ccx(), t);
           let upvars = ty::unboxed_closure_upvars(cx.tcx(), def_id, substs);
           for (i, upvar) in upvars.iter().enumerate() {
@@ -769,7 +769,7 @@ pub fn iter_structural_ty<'a, 'blk, 'tcx>(cx: Block<'blk, 'tcx>,
               cx = f(cx, llfld_a, *arg);
           }
       }
-      ty::ty_enum(tid, ref substs) => {
+      ty::ty_enum(tid, substs) => {
           let fcx = cx.fcx;
           let ccx = fcx.ccx;
 
@@ -2125,14 +2125,20 @@ fn trans_enum_variant_or_tuple_like_struct<'a, 'tcx>(ccx: &CrateContext<'a, 'tcx
 fn enum_variant_size_lint(ccx: &CrateContext, enum_def: &ast::EnumDef, sp: Span, id: ast::NodeId) {
     let mut sizes = Vec::new(); // does no allocation if no pushes, thankfully
 
+    let print_info = ccx.sess().print_enum_sizes();
+
     let levels = ccx.tcx().node_lint_levels.borrow();
     let lint_id = lint::LintId::of(lint::builtin::VARIANT_SIZE_DIFFERENCES);
-    let lvlsrc = match levels.get(&(id, lint_id)) {
-        None | Some(&(lint::Allow, _)) => return,
-        Some(&lvlsrc) => lvlsrc,
-    };
+    let lvlsrc = levels.get(&(id, lint_id));
+    let is_allow = lvlsrc.map_or(true, |&(lvl, _)| lvl == lint::Allow);
+
+    if is_allow && !print_info {
+        // we're not interested in anything here
+        return
+    }
 
-    let avar = adt::represent_type(ccx, ty::node_id_to_type(ccx.tcx(), id));
+    let ty = ty::node_id_to_type(ccx.tcx(), id);
+    let avar = adt::represent_type(ccx, ty);
     match *avar {
         adt::General(_, ref variants, _) => {
             for var in variants.iter() {
@@ -2158,13 +2164,29 @@ fn enum_variant_size_lint(ccx: &CrateContext, enum_def: &ast::EnumDef, sp: Span,
             }
     );
 
+    if print_info {
+        let llty = type_of::sizing_type_of(ccx, ty);
+
+        let sess = &ccx.tcx().sess;
+        sess.span_note(sp, &*format!("total size: {} bytes", llsize_of_real(ccx, llty)));
+        match *avar {
+            adt::General(..) => {
+                for (i, var) in enum_def.variants.iter().enumerate() {
+                    ccx.tcx().sess.span_note(var.span,
+                                             &*format!("variant data: {} bytes", sizes[i]));
+                }
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+
     // we only warn if the largest variant is at least thrice as large as
     // the second-largest.
-    if largest > slargest * 3 && slargest > 0 {
+    if !is_allow && largest > slargest * 3 && slargest > 0 {
         // Use lint::raw_emit_lint rather than sess.add_lint because the lint-printing
         // pass for the latter already ran.
         lint::raw_emit_lint(&ccx.tcx().sess, lint::builtin::VARIANT_SIZE_DIFFERENCES,
-                            lvlsrc, Some(sp),
+                            *lvlsrc.unwrap(), Some(sp),
                             format!("enum variant is more than three times larger \
                                      ({} bytes) than the next largest (ignoring padding)",
                                     largest)[]);
@@ -2332,8 +2354,12 @@ pub fn trans_item(ccx: &CrateContext, item: &ast::Item) {
       ast::ItemMod(ref m) => {
         trans_mod(&ccx.rotate(), m);
       }
-      ast::ItemEnum(ref enum_definition, _) => {
-        enum_variant_size_lint(ccx, enum_definition, item.span, item.id);
+      ast::ItemEnum(ref enum_definition, ref gens) => {
+        if gens.ty_params.is_empty() {
+            // sizes only make sense for non-generic types
+
+            enum_variant_size_lint(ccx, enum_definition, item.span, item.id);
+        }
       }
       ast::ItemConst(_, ref expr) => {
           // Recurse on the expression to catch items in blocks
@@ -2440,7 +2466,7 @@ pub fn get_fn_llvm_attributes<'a, 'tcx>(ccx: &CrateContext<'a, 'tcx>, fn_ty: Ty<
     let (fn_sig, abi, has_env) = match fn_ty.sty {
         ty::ty_closure(ref f) => (f.sig.clone(), f.abi, true),
         ty::ty_bare_fn(_, ref f) => (f.sig.clone(), f.abi, false),
-        ty::ty_unboxed_closure(closure_did, _, ref substs) => {
+        ty::ty_unboxed_closure(closure_did, _, substs) => {
             let unboxed_closures = ccx.tcx().unboxed_closures.borrow();
             let ref function_type = (*unboxed_closures)[closure_did]
                                                     .closure_type;
@@ -2573,14 +2599,14 @@ pub fn get_fn_llvm_attributes<'a, 'tcx>(ccx: &CrateContext<'a, 'tcx>, fn_ty: Ty<
                     attrs.arg(idx, llvm::ReadOnlyAttribute);
                 }
 
-                if let ReLateBound(_, BrAnon(_)) = b {
+                if let ReLateBound(_, BrAnon(_)) = *b {
                     attrs.arg(idx, llvm::NoCaptureAttribute);
                 }
             }
 
             // When a reference in an argument has no named lifetime, it's impossible for that
             // reference to escape this function (returned or stored beyond the call by a closure).
-            ty::ty_rptr(ReLateBound(_, BrAnon(_)), mt) => {
+            ty::ty_rptr(&ReLateBound(_, BrAnon(_)), mt) => {
                 let llsz = llsize_of_real(ccx, type_of::type_of(ccx, mt.ty));
                 attrs.arg(idx, llvm::NoCaptureAttribute)
                      .arg(idx, llvm::DereferenceableAttribute(llsz));
diff --git a/src/librustc_trans/trans/callee.rs b/src/librustc_trans/trans/callee.rs
index 7f22faf050d..e3fe749b490 100644
--- a/src/librustc_trans/trans/callee.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_trans/trans/callee.rs
@@ -272,14 +272,14 @@ pub fn trans_fn_pointer_shim<'a, 'tcx>(
            bare_fn_ty.repr(tcx));
 
     // This is an impl of `Fn` trait, so receiver is `&self`.
-    let bare_fn_ty_ref = ty::mk_imm_rptr(tcx, ty::ReStatic, bare_fn_ty);
+    let bare_fn_ty_ref = ty::mk_imm_rptr(tcx, tcx.mk_region(ty::ReStatic), bare_fn_ty);
 
     // Construct the "tuply" version of `bare_fn_ty`. It takes two arguments: `self`,
     // which is the fn pointer, and `args`, which is the arguments tuple.
     let (opt_def_id, input_tys, output_ty) =
         match bare_fn_ty.sty {
             ty::ty_bare_fn(opt_def_id,
-                           ty::BareFnTy { unsafety: ast::Unsafety::Normal,
+                           &ty::BareFnTy { unsafety: ast::Unsafety::Normal,
                                           abi: synabi::Rust,
                                           sig: ty::Binder(ty::FnSig { inputs: ref input_tys,
                                                                       output: output_ty,
@@ -296,14 +296,15 @@ pub fn trans_fn_pointer_shim<'a, 'tcx>(
     let tuple_input_ty = ty::mk_tup(tcx, input_tys.to_vec());
     let tuple_fn_ty = ty::mk_bare_fn(tcx,
                                      opt_def_id,
-                                     ty::BareFnTy { unsafety: ast::Unsafety::Normal,
-                                                    abi: synabi::RustCall,
-                                                    sig: ty::Binder(ty::FnSig {
-                                                        inputs: vec![bare_fn_ty_ref,
-                                                                     tuple_input_ty],
-                                                        output: output_ty,
-                                                        variadic: false
-                                                    })});
+                                     tcx.mk_bare_fn(ty::BareFnTy {
+                                         unsafety: ast::Unsafety::Normal,
+                                         abi: synabi::RustCall,
+                                         sig: ty::Binder(ty::FnSig {
+                                             inputs: vec![bare_fn_ty_ref,
+                                                          tuple_input_ty],
+                                             output: output_ty,
+                                             variadic: false
+                                         })}));
     debug!("tuple_fn_ty: {}", tuple_fn_ty.repr(tcx));
 
     //
diff --git a/src/librustc_trans/trans/common.rs b/src/librustc_trans/trans/common.rs
index d080cda4b81..1f61fed3998 100644
--- a/src/librustc_trans/trans/common.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_trans/trans/common.rs
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ pub use trans::context::CrateContext;
 fn type_is_newtype_immediate<'a, 'tcx>(ccx: &CrateContext<'a, 'tcx>,
                                        ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> bool {
     match ty.sty {
-        ty::ty_struct(def_id, ref substs) => {
+        ty::ty_struct(def_id, substs) => {
             let fields = ty::struct_fields(ccx.tcx(), def_id, substs);
             fields.len() == 1 &&
                 fields[0].name ==
diff --git a/src/librustc_trans/trans/debuginfo.rs b/src/librustc_trans/trans/debuginfo.rs
index b8c4a23b87a..ea2d42bebdf 100644
--- a/src/librustc_trans/trans/debuginfo.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_trans/trans/debuginfo.rs
@@ -360,11 +360,11 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeMap<'tcx> {
             ty::ty_float(_) => {
                 push_debuginfo_type_name(cx, type_, false, &mut unique_type_id);
             },
-            ty::ty_enum(def_id, ref substs) => {
+            ty::ty_enum(def_id, substs) => {
                 unique_type_id.push_str("enum ");
                 from_def_id_and_substs(self, cx, def_id, substs, &mut unique_type_id);
             },
-            ty::ty_struct(def_id, ref substs) => {
+            ty::ty_struct(def_id, substs) => {
                 unique_type_id.push_str("struct ");
                 from_def_id_and_substs(self, cx, def_id, substs, &mut unique_type_id);
             },
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeMap<'tcx> {
                                        trait_data.principal.substs(),
                                        &mut unique_type_id);
             },
-            ty::ty_bare_fn(_, ty::BareFnTy{ unsafety, abi, ref sig } ) => {
+            ty::ty_bare_fn(_, &ty::BareFnTy{ unsafety, abi, ref sig } ) => {
                 if unsafety == ast::Unsafety::Unsafe {
                     unique_type_id.push_str("unsafe ");
                 }
@@ -469,7 +469,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeMap<'tcx> {
                                                         closure_ty.clone(),
                                                         &mut unique_type_id);
             },
-            ty::ty_unboxed_closure(ref def_id, _, ref substs) => {
+            ty::ty_unboxed_closure(ref def_id, _, substs) => {
                 let closure_ty = cx.tcx().unboxed_closures.borrow()
                                    .get(def_id).unwrap().closure_type.subst(cx.tcx(), substs);
                 self.get_unique_type_id_of_closure_type(cx,
@@ -3003,12 +3003,12 @@ fn type_metadata<'a, 'tcx>(cx: &CrateContext<'a, 'tcx>,
         ty::ty_closure(ref closurety) => {
             subroutine_type_metadata(cx, unique_type_id, &closurety.sig, usage_site_span)
         }
-        ty::ty_unboxed_closure(ref def_id, _, ref substs) => {
+        ty::ty_unboxed_closure(ref def_id, _, substs) => {
             let sig = cx.tcx().unboxed_closures.borrow()
                         .get(def_id).unwrap().closure_type.sig.subst(cx.tcx(), substs);
             subroutine_type_metadata(cx, unique_type_id, &sig, usage_site_span)
         }
-        ty::ty_struct(def_id, ref substs) => {
+        ty::ty_struct(def_id, substs) => {
             prepare_struct_metadata(cx,
                                     t,
                                     def_id,
@@ -3763,8 +3763,8 @@ fn push_debuginfo_type_name<'a, 'tcx>(cx: &CrateContext<'a, 'tcx>,
         ty::ty_uint(ast::TyU64)  => output.push_str("u64"),
         ty::ty_float(ast::TyF32) => output.push_str("f32"),
         ty::ty_float(ast::TyF64) => output.push_str("f64"),
-        ty::ty_struct(def_id, ref substs) |
-        ty::ty_enum(def_id, ref substs) => {
+        ty::ty_struct(def_id, substs) |
+        ty::ty_enum(def_id, substs) => {
             push_item_name(cx, def_id, qualified, output);
             push_type_params(cx, substs, output);
         },
@@ -3819,7 +3819,7 @@ fn push_debuginfo_type_name<'a, 'tcx>(cx: &CrateContext<'a, 'tcx>,
             push_item_name(cx, trait_data.principal.def_id(), false, output);
             push_type_params(cx, trait_data.principal.substs(), output);
         },
-        ty::ty_bare_fn(_, ty::BareFnTy{ unsafety, abi, ref sig } ) => {
+        ty::ty_bare_fn(_, &ty::BareFnTy{ unsafety, abi, ref sig } ) => {
             if unsafety == ast::Unsafety::Unsafe {
                 output.push_str("unsafe ");
             }
diff --git a/src/librustc_trans/trans/expr.rs b/src/librustc_trans/trans/expr.rs
index 6f9990a3e9e..60b5a08c7c5 100644
--- a/src/librustc_trans/trans/expr.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_trans/trans/expr.rs
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ fn apply_adjustments<'blk, 'tcx>(bcx: Block<'blk, 'tcx>,
                 let substs = principal.substs().with_self_ty(unadjusted_ty).erase_regions();
                 let trait_ref =
                     Rc::new(ty::Binder(ty::TraitRef { def_id: principal.def_id(),
-                                                      substs: substs }));
+                                                      substs: bcx.tcx().mk_substs(substs) }));
                 let trait_ref = trait_ref.subst(bcx.tcx(), bcx.fcx.param_substs);
                 let box_ty = mk_ty(unadjusted_ty);
                 PointerCast(bcx,
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ fn apply_adjustments<'blk, 'tcx>(bcx: Block<'blk, 'tcx>,
                                               expr.id,
                                               datum_ty,
                                               |t| ty::mk_rptr(tcx,
-                                                              ty::ReStatic,
+                                                              tcx.mk_region(ty::ReStatic),
                                                               ty::mt{
                                                                   ty: t,
                                                                   mutbl: ast::MutImmutable
@@ -1085,7 +1085,7 @@ fn trans_rvalue_dps_unadjusted<'blk, 'tcx>(bcx: Block<'blk, 'tcx>,
                              None,
                              expr.span,
                              expr.id,
-                             ty::mk_struct(tcx, did, substs),
+                             ty::mk_struct(tcx, did, tcx.mk_substs(substs)),
                              dest)
             } else {
                 tcx.sess.span_bug(expr.span,
@@ -1339,7 +1339,7 @@ pub fn with_field_tys<'tcx, R, F>(tcx: &ty::ctxt<'tcx>,
     F: FnOnce(ty::Disr, &[ty::field<'tcx>]) -> R,
 {
     match ty.sty {
-        ty::ty_struct(did, ref substs) => {
+        ty::ty_struct(did, substs) => {
             op(0, struct_fields(tcx, did, substs)[])
         }
 
@@ -1347,7 +1347,7 @@ pub fn with_field_tys<'tcx, R, F>(tcx: &ty::ctxt<'tcx>,
             op(0, tup_fields(v[])[])
         }
 
-        ty::ty_enum(_, ref substs) => {
+        ty::ty_enum(_, substs) => {
             // We want the *variant* ID here, not the enum ID.
             match node_id_opt {
                 None => {
@@ -2130,7 +2130,7 @@ fn auto_ref<'blk, 'tcx>(bcx: Block<'blk, 'tcx>,
     // Compute final type. Note that we are loose with the region and
     // mutability, since those things don't matter in trans.
     let referent_ty = lv_datum.ty;
-    let ptr_ty = ty::mk_imm_rptr(bcx.tcx(), ty::ReStatic, referent_ty);
+    let ptr_ty = ty::mk_imm_rptr(bcx.tcx(), bcx.tcx().mk_region(ty::ReStatic), referent_ty);
 
     // Get the pointer.
     let llref = lv_datum.to_llref();
diff --git a/src/librustc_trans/trans/glue.rs b/src/librustc_trans/trans/glue.rs
index 26734d854af..e276543264b 100644
--- a/src/librustc_trans/trans/glue.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_trans/trans/glue.rs
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ fn size_and_align_of_dst<'blk, 'tcx>(bcx: Block<'blk, 'tcx>, t: Ty<'tcx>, info:
         return (size, align);
     }
     match t.sty {
-        ty::ty_struct(id, ref substs) => {
+        ty::ty_struct(id, substs) => {
             let ccx = bcx.ccx();
             // First get the size of all statically known fields.
             // Don't use type_of::sizing_type_of because that expects t to be sized.
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ fn make_drop_glue<'blk, 'tcx>(bcx: Block<'blk, 'tcx>, v0: ValueRef, t: Ty<'tcx>)
                 }
             }
         }
-        ty::ty_struct(did, ref substs) | ty::ty_enum(did, ref substs) => {
+        ty::ty_struct(did, substs) | ty::ty_enum(did, substs) => {
             let tcx = bcx.tcx();
             match ty::ty_dtor(tcx, did) {
                 ty::TraitDtor(dtor, true) => {
diff --git a/src/librustc_trans/trans/meth.rs b/src/librustc_trans/trans/meth.rs
index 38c6b802d04..553613a8eac 100644
--- a/src/librustc_trans/trans/meth.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_trans/trans/meth.rs
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ pub fn trans_static_method_callee(bcx: Block,
                                              Vec::new()));
     debug!("trait_substs={}", trait_substs.repr(bcx.tcx()));
     let trait_ref = Rc::new(ty::Binder(ty::TraitRef { def_id: trait_id,
-                                                      substs: trait_substs }));
+                                                      substs: bcx.tcx().mk_substs(trait_substs) }));
     let vtbl = fulfill_obligation(bcx.ccx(),
                                   DUMMY_SP,
                                   trait_ref);
@@ -639,7 +639,7 @@ fn emit_vtable_methods<'blk, 'tcx>(bcx: Block<'blk, 'tcx>,
                        m.repr(tcx),
                        substs.repr(tcx));
                 if m.generics.has_type_params(subst::FnSpace) ||
-                    ty::type_has_self(ty::mk_bare_fn(tcx, None, m.fty.clone()))
+                    ty::type_has_self(ty::mk_bare_fn(tcx, None, tcx.mk_bare_fn(m.fty.clone())))
                 {
                     debug!("(making impl vtable) method has self or type \
                             params: {}",
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/astconv.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/astconv.rs
index ff577d2d45d..81e6ec4df56 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/astconv.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/astconv.rs
@@ -633,7 +633,7 @@ fn ast_path_to_trait_ref<'tcx,AC,RS>(
                                             regions,
                                             assoc_bindings);
 
-    ty::TraitRef::new(trait_def_id, substs)
+    ty::TraitRef::new(trait_def_id, this.tcx().mk_substs(substs))
 }
 
 pub fn ast_path_to_ty<'tcx, AC: AstConv<'tcx>, RS: RegionScope>(
@@ -940,7 +940,7 @@ pub fn ast_ty_to_ty<'tcx, AC: AstConv<'tcx>, RS: RegionScope>(
                 let r = opt_ast_region_to_region(this, rscope, ast_ty.span, region);
                 debug!("ty_rptr r={}", r.repr(this.tcx()));
                 let t = ast_ty_to_ty(this, rscope, &*mt.ty);
-                ty::mk_rptr(tcx, r, ty::mt {ty: t, mutbl: mt.mutbl})
+                ty::mk_rptr(tcx, tcx.mk_region(r), ty::mt {ty: t, mutbl: mt.mutbl})
             }
             ast::TyTup(ref fields) => {
                 let flds = fields.iter()
@@ -954,7 +954,8 @@ pub fn ast_ty_to_ty<'tcx, AC: AstConv<'tcx>, RS: RegionScope>(
                     tcx.sess.span_err(ast_ty.span,
                                       "variadic function must have C calling convention");
                 }
-                ty::mk_bare_fn(tcx, None, ty_of_bare_fn(this, bf.unsafety, bf.abi, &*bf.decl))
+                let bare_fn = ty_of_bare_fn(this, bf.unsafety, bf.abi, &*bf.decl);
+                ty::mk_bare_fn(tcx, None, tcx.mk_bare_fn(bare_fn))
             }
             ast::TyClosure(ref f) => {
                 // Use corresponding trait store to figure out default bounds
@@ -1217,7 +1218,7 @@ fn ty_of_method_or_bare_fn<'a, 'tcx, AC: AstConv<'tcx>>(
                 }
                 ty::ByReferenceExplicitSelfCategory(region, mutability) => {
                     (Some(ty::mk_rptr(this.tcx(),
-                                      region,
+                                      this.tcx().mk_region(region),
                                       ty::mt {
                                         ty: self_info.untransformed_self_ty,
                                         mutbl: mutability
@@ -1350,7 +1351,7 @@ fn determine_explicit_self_category<'a, 'tcx, AC: AstConv<'tcx>,
                 ty::ByValueExplicitSelfCategory
             } else {
                 match explicit_type.sty {
-                    ty::ty_rptr(r, mt) => ty::ByReferenceExplicitSelfCategory(r, mt.mutbl),
+                    ty::ty_rptr(r, mt) => ty::ByReferenceExplicitSelfCategory(*r, mt.mutbl),
                     ty::ty_uniq(_) => ty::ByBoxExplicitSelfCategory,
                     _ => ty::ByValueExplicitSelfCategory,
                 }
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/check/_match.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/check/_match.rs
index 35ffa8ace40..09a5dd521f8 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/check/_match.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/check/_match.rs
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ pub fn check_pat<'a, 'tcx>(pcx: &pat_ctxt<'a, 'tcx>,
                     // and T is the expected type
                     let region_var = fcx.infcx().next_region_var(infer::PatternRegion(pat.span));
                     let mt = ty::mt { ty: expected, mutbl: mutbl };
-                    let region_ty = ty::mk_rptr(tcx, region_var, mt);
+                    let region_ty = ty::mk_rptr(tcx, tcx.mk_region(region_var), mt);
                     demand::eqtype(fcx, pat.span, region_ty, typ);
                 }
                 // otherwise the type of x is the expected type T
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ pub fn check_pat<'a, 'tcx>(pcx: &pat_ctxt<'a, 'tcx>,
 
             let mt = ty::mt { ty: inner_ty, mutbl: mutbl };
             let region = fcx.infcx().next_region_var(infer::PatternRegion(pat.span));
-            let rptr_ty = ty::mk_rptr(tcx, region, mt);
+            let rptr_ty = ty::mk_rptr(tcx, tcx.mk_region(region), mt);
 
             if check_dereferencable(pcx, pat.span, expected, &**inner) {
                 demand::suptype(fcx, pat.span, expected, rptr_ty);
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ pub fn check_pat<'a, 'tcx>(pcx: &pat_ctxt<'a, 'tcx>,
                 })),
                 _ => {
                     let region = fcx.infcx().next_region_var(infer::PatternRegion(pat.span));
-                    ty::mk_slice(tcx, region, ty::mt {
+                    ty::mk_slice(tcx, tcx.mk_region(region), ty::mt {
                         ty: inner_ty,
                         mutbl: ty::deref(expected_ty, true)
                             .map_or(ast::MutImmutable, |mt| mt.mutbl)
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ pub fn check_pat<'a, 'tcx>(pcx: &pat_ctxt<'a, 'tcx>,
                 let mutbl = ty::deref(expected_ty, true)
                     .map_or(ast::MutImmutable, |mt| mt.mutbl);
 
-                let slice_ty = ty::mk_slice(tcx, region, ty::mt {
+                let slice_ty = ty::mk_slice(tcx, tcx.mk_region(region), ty::mt {
                     ty: inner_ty,
                     mutbl: mutbl
                 });
@@ -411,13 +411,13 @@ pub fn check_pat_enum<'a, 'tcx>(pcx: &pat_ctxt<'a, 'tcx>, pat: &ast::Pat,
 
     let real_path_ty = fcx.node_ty(pat.id);
     let (arg_tys, kind_name) = match real_path_ty.sty {
-        ty::ty_enum(enum_def_id, ref expected_substs)
+        ty::ty_enum(enum_def_id, expected_substs)
             if def == def::DefVariant(enum_def_id, def.def_id(), false) => {
             let variant = ty::enum_variant_with_id(tcx, enum_def_id, def.def_id());
             (variant.args.iter().map(|t| t.subst(tcx, expected_substs)).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
                 "variant")
         }
-        ty::ty_struct(struct_def_id, ref expected_substs) => {
+        ty::ty_struct(struct_def_id, expected_substs) => {
             let struct_fields = ty::struct_fields(tcx, struct_def_id, expected_substs);
             (struct_fields.iter().map(|field| field.mt.ty).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
                 "struct")
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/check/closure.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/check/closure.rs
index c396dc5c6cb..c8a8a0ff559 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/check/closure.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/check/closure.rs
@@ -126,8 +126,9 @@ fn check_unboxed_closure<'a,'tcx>(fcx: &FnCtxt<'a,'tcx>,
 
     let closure_type = ty::mk_unboxed_closure(fcx.ccx.tcx,
                                               expr_def_id,
-                                              region,
-                                              fcx.inh.param_env.free_substs.clone());
+                                              fcx.ccx.tcx.mk_region(region),
+                                              fcx.ccx.tcx.mk_substs(
+                                                  fcx.inh.param_env.free_substs.clone()));
 
     fcx.write_ty(expr.id, closure_type);
 
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/check/method/confirm.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/check/method/confirm.rs
index d3b518ec2e3..8ce7a7edb46 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/check/method/confirm.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/check/method/confirm.rs
@@ -113,11 +113,11 @@ impl<'a,'tcx> ConfirmContext<'a,'tcx> {
         self.add_obligations(&pick, &method_bounds_substs, &method_bounds);
 
         // Create the final `MethodCallee`.
-        let fty = ty::mk_bare_fn(self.tcx(), None, ty::BareFnTy {
+        let fty = ty::mk_bare_fn(self.tcx(), None, self.tcx().mk_bare_fn(ty::BareFnTy {
             sig: ty::Binder(method_sig),
             unsafety: pick.method_ty.fty.unsafety,
             abi: pick.method_ty.fty.abi.clone(),
-        });
+        }));
         let callee = MethodCallee {
             origin: method_origin,
             ty: fty,
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ impl<'a,'tcx> ConfirmContext<'a,'tcx> {
                     // been ruled out when we deemed the trait to be
                     // "object safe".
                     let original_poly_trait_ref =
-                        data.principal_trait_ref_with_self_ty(object_ty);
+                        data.principal_trait_ref_with_self_ty(this.tcx(), object_ty);
                     let upcast_poly_trait_ref =
                         this.upcast(original_poly_trait_ref.clone(), trait_def_id);
                     let upcast_trait_ref =
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ impl<'a,'tcx> ConfirmContext<'a,'tcx> {
                                                                  self.infcx().next_ty_var());
 
                 let trait_ref =
-                    Rc::new(ty::TraitRef::new(trait_def_id, substs.clone()));
+                    Rc::new(ty::TraitRef::new(trait_def_id, self.tcx().mk_substs(substs.clone())));
                 let origin = MethodTypeParam(MethodParam { trait_ref: trait_ref,
                                                            method_num: method_num });
                 (substs, origin)
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/check/method/mod.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/check/method/mod.rs
index 19776318c87..0c094823a75 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/check/method/mod.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/check/method/mod.rs
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ pub fn lookup_in_trait_adjusted<'a, 'tcx>(fcx: &'a FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx>,
 
     // Construct a trait-reference `self_ty : Trait<input_tys>`
     let substs = subst::Substs::new_trait(input_types, Vec::new(), assoc_types, self_ty);
-    let trait_ref = Rc::new(ty::TraitRef::new(trait_def_id, substs));
+    let trait_ref = Rc::new(ty::TraitRef::new(trait_def_id, fcx.tcx().mk_substs(substs)));
 
     // Construct an obligation
     let poly_trait_ref = Rc::new(ty::Binder((*trait_ref).clone()));
@@ -194,16 +194,16 @@ pub fn lookup_in_trait_adjusted<'a, 'tcx>(fcx: &'a FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx>,
     // Substitute the trait parameters into the method type and
     // instantiate late-bound regions to get the actual method type.
     let ref bare_fn_ty = method_ty.fty;
-    let fn_sig = bare_fn_ty.sig.subst(tcx, &trait_ref.substs);
+    let fn_sig = bare_fn_ty.sig.subst(tcx, trait_ref.substs);
     let fn_sig = fcx.infcx().replace_late_bound_regions_with_fresh_var(span,
                                                                        infer::FnCall,
                                                                        &fn_sig).0;
     let transformed_self_ty = fn_sig.inputs[0];
-    let fty = ty::mk_bare_fn(tcx, None, ty::BareFnTy {
+    let fty = ty::mk_bare_fn(tcx, None, tcx.mk_bare_fn(ty::BareFnTy {
         sig: ty::Binder(fn_sig),
         unsafety: bare_fn_ty.unsafety,
         abi: bare_fn_ty.abi.clone(),
-    });
+    }));
 
     debug!("lookup_in_trait_adjusted: matched method fty={} obligation={}",
            fty.repr(fcx.tcx()),
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ pub fn lookup_in_trait_adjusted<'a, 'tcx>(fcx: &'a FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx>,
     //
     // Note that as the method comes from a trait, it should not have
     // any late-bound regions appearing in its bounds.
-    let method_bounds = method_ty.generics.to_bounds(fcx.tcx(), &trait_ref.substs);
+    let method_bounds = method_ty.generics.to_bounds(fcx.tcx(), trait_ref.substs);
     assert!(!method_bounds.has_escaping_regions());
     fcx.add_obligations_for_parameters(
         traits::ObligationCause::misc(span, fcx.body_id),
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ pub fn lookup_in_trait_adjusted<'a, 'tcx>(fcx: &'a FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx>,
                                 span,
                                 ty::AdjustDerefRef(ty::AutoDerefRef {
                                     autoderefs: autoderefs,
-                                    autoref: Some(ty::AutoPtr(region, mutbl, autoref))
+                                    autoref: Some(ty::AutoPtr(*region, mutbl, autoref))
                                 }));
                         }
 
@@ -425,4 +425,3 @@ fn impl_method<'tcx>(tcx: &ty::ctxt<'tcx>,
         .find(|m| m.name() == method_name)
         .and_then(|item| item.as_opt_method())
 }
-
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/check/method/probe.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/check/method/probe.rs
index 9e1e01fa22f..3ecd2007ff1 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/check/method/probe.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/check/method/probe.rs
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ impl<'a,'tcx> ProbeContext<'a,'tcx> {
         // a substitution that replaces `Self` with the object type
         // itself. Hence, a `&self` method will wind up with an
         // argument type like `&Trait`.
-        let trait_ref = data.principal_trait_ref_with_self_ty(self_ty);
+        let trait_ref = data.principal_trait_ref_with_self_ty(self.tcx(), self_ty);
         self.elaborate_bounds(&[trait_ref.clone()], false, |this, new_trait_ref, m, method_num| {
             let vtable_index =
                 get_method_index(tcx, &*new_trait_ref, trait_ref.clone(), method_num);
@@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ impl<'a,'tcx> ProbeContext<'a,'tcx> {
 
             // Determine the receiver type that the method itself expects.
             let xform_self_ty =
-                self.xform_self_ty(&method, &impl_trait_ref.substs);
+                self.xform_self_ty(&method, impl_trait_ref.substs);
 
             debug!("xform_self_ty={}", xform_self_ty.repr(self.tcx()));
 
@@ -657,7 +657,7 @@ impl<'a,'tcx> ProbeContext<'a,'tcx> {
         let tcx = self.tcx();
         self.search_mutabilities(
             |m| AutoRef(m, box step.adjustment.clone()),
-            |m,r| ty::mk_rptr(tcx, r, ty::mt {ty:step.self_ty, mutbl:m}))
+            |m,r| ty::mk_rptr(tcx, tcx.mk_region(r), ty::mt {ty:step.self_ty, mutbl:m}))
     }
 
     fn search_mutabilities<F, G>(&mut self,
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/check/mod.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/check/mod.rs
index 874706dd61e..68cf139338a 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/check/mod.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/check/mod.rs
@@ -1154,9 +1154,9 @@ fn compare_impl_method<'tcx>(tcx: &ty::ctxt<'tcx>,
     }
 
     // Compute skolemized form of impl and trait method tys.
-    let impl_fty = ty::mk_bare_fn(tcx, None, impl_m.fty.clone());
+    let impl_fty = ty::mk_bare_fn(tcx, None, tcx.mk_bare_fn(impl_m.fty.clone()));
     let impl_fty = impl_fty.subst(tcx, &impl_to_skol_substs);
-    let trait_fty = ty::mk_bare_fn(tcx, None, trait_m.fty.clone());
+    let trait_fty = ty::mk_bare_fn(tcx, None, tcx.mk_bare_fn(trait_m.fty.clone()));
     let trait_fty = trait_fty.subst(tcx, &trait_to_skol_substs);
 
     // Check the impl method type IM is a subtype of the trait method
@@ -2736,9 +2736,10 @@ fn check_lit<'a, 'tcx>(fcx: &FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx>,
     let tcx = fcx.ccx.tcx;
 
     match lit.node {
-        ast::LitStr(..) => ty::mk_str_slice(tcx, ty::ReStatic, ast::MutImmutable),
+        ast::LitStr(..) => ty::mk_str_slice(tcx, tcx.mk_region(ty::ReStatic), ast::MutImmutable),
         ast::LitBinary(..) => {
-            ty::mk_slice(tcx, ty::ReStatic, ty::mt{ ty: ty::mk_u8(), mutbl: ast::MutImmutable })
+            ty::mk_slice(tcx, tcx.mk_region(ty::ReStatic),
+                         ty::mt{ ty: ty::mk_u8(), mutbl: ast::MutImmutable })
         }
         ast::LitByte(_) => ty::mk_u8(),
         ast::LitChar(_) => ty::mk_char(),
@@ -2949,7 +2950,7 @@ fn check_expr_with_unifier<'a, 'tcx, F>(fcx: &FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx>,
         });
 
         let fn_sig = match fn_ty.sty {
-            ty::ty_bare_fn(_, ty::BareFnTy {ref sig, ..}) |
+            ty::ty_bare_fn(_, &ty::BareFnTy {ref sig, ..}) |
             ty::ty_closure(box ty::ClosureTy {ref sig, ..}) => sig,
             _ => {
                 fcx.type_error_message(call_expr.span, |actual| {
@@ -3098,8 +3099,8 @@ fn check_expr_with_unifier<'a, 'tcx, F>(fcx: &FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx>,
                 let (adj_ty, adjustment) = match lhs_ty.sty {
                     ty::ty_rptr(r_in, mt) => {
                         let r_adj = fcx.infcx().next_region_var(infer::Autoref(lhs.span));
-                        fcx.mk_subr(infer::Reborrow(lhs.span), r_adj, r_in);
-                        let adjusted_ty = ty::mk_rptr(fcx.tcx(), r_adj, mt);
+                        fcx.mk_subr(infer::Reborrow(lhs.span), r_adj, *r_in);
+                        let adjusted_ty = ty::mk_rptr(fcx.tcx(), fcx.tcx().mk_region(r_adj), mt);
                         let autoptr = ty::AutoPtr(r_adj, mt.mutbl, None);
                         let adjustment = ty::AutoDerefRef { autoderefs: 1, autoref: Some(autoptr) };
                         (adjusted_ty, adjustment)
@@ -3331,7 +3332,7 @@ fn check_expr_with_unifier<'a, 'tcx, F>(fcx: &FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx>,
         let (_, autoderefs, field_ty) =
             autoderef(fcx, expr.span, expr_t, Some(base.id), lvalue_pref, |base_t, _| {
                 match base_t.sty {
-                    ty::ty_struct(base_id, ref substs) => {
+                    ty::ty_struct(base_id, substs) => {
                         debug!("struct named {}", ppaux::ty_to_string(tcx, base_t));
                         let fields = ty::lookup_struct_fields(tcx, base_id);
                         lookup_field_ty(tcx, base_id, fields[],
@@ -3392,7 +3393,7 @@ fn check_expr_with_unifier<'a, 'tcx, F>(fcx: &FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx>,
         let (_, autoderefs, field_ty) =
             autoderef(fcx, expr.span, expr_t, Some(base.id), lvalue_pref, |base_t, _| {
                 match base_t.sty {
-                    ty::ty_struct(base_id, ref substs) => {
+                    ty::ty_struct(base_id, substs) => {
                         tuple_like = ty::is_tuple_struct(tcx, base_id);
                         if tuple_like {
                             debug!("tuple struct named {}", ppaux::ty_to_string(tcx, base_t));
@@ -3443,7 +3444,7 @@ fn check_expr_with_unifier<'a, 'tcx, F>(fcx: &FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx>,
                                                 span: Span,
                                                 class_id: ast::DefId,
                                                 node_id: ast::NodeId,
-                                                substitutions: subst::Substs<'tcx>,
+                                                substitutions: &'tcx subst::Substs<'tcx>,
                                                 field_types: &[ty::field_ty],
                                                 ast_fields: &[ast::Field],
                                                 check_completeness: bool,
@@ -3495,7 +3496,7 @@ fn check_expr_with_unifier<'a, 'tcx, F>(fcx: &FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx>,
                 Some((field_id, false)) => {
                     expected_field_type =
                         ty::lookup_field_type(
-                            tcx, class_id, field_id, &substitutions);
+                            tcx, class_id, field_id, substitutions);
                     class_field_map.insert(
                         field.ident.node.name, (field_id, true));
                     fields_found += 1;
@@ -3561,7 +3562,7 @@ fn check_expr_with_unifier<'a, 'tcx, F>(fcx: &FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx>,
                                        span,
                                        class_id,
                                        id,
-                                       struct_substs,
+                                       fcx.ccx.tcx.mk_substs(struct_substs),
                                        class_fields[],
                                        fields,
                                        base_expr.is_none(),
@@ -3604,7 +3605,7 @@ fn check_expr_with_unifier<'a, 'tcx, F>(fcx: &FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx>,
                                        span,
                                        variant_id,
                                        id,
-                                       substitutions,
+                                       fcx.ccx.tcx.mk_substs(substitutions),
                                        variant_fields[],
                                        fields,
                                        true,
@@ -3737,7 +3738,7 @@ fn check_expr_with_unifier<'a, 'tcx, F>(fcx: &FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx>,
                             Some(mt) => mt.ty,
                             None => {
                                 let is_newtype = match oprnd_t.sty {
-                                    ty::ty_struct(did, ref substs) => {
+                                    ty::ty_struct(did, substs) => {
                                         let fields = ty::struct_fields(fcx.tcx(), did, substs);
                                         fields.len() == 1
                                         && fields[0].name ==
@@ -3839,11 +3840,11 @@ fn check_expr_with_unifier<'a, 'tcx, F>(fcx: &FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx>,
                     // `'static`!
                     let region = fcx.infcx().next_region_var(
                         infer::AddrOfSlice(expr.span));
-                    ty::mk_rptr(tcx, region, tm)
+                    ty::mk_rptr(tcx, tcx.mk_region(region), tm)
                 }
                 _ => {
                     let region = fcx.infcx().next_region_var(infer::AddrOfRegion(expr.span));
-                    ty::mk_rptr(tcx, region, tm)
+                    ty::mk_rptr(tcx, tcx.mk_region(region), tm)
                 }
             }
         };
@@ -4354,7 +4355,7 @@ fn check_expr_with_unifier<'a, 'tcx, F>(fcx: &FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx>,
                                                  traits::ItemObligation(did)),
                     &bounds);
 
-                ty::mk_struct(tcx, did, substs)
+                ty::mk_struct(tcx, did, tcx.mk_substs(substs))
             } else {
                 ty::mk_err()
             }
@@ -4749,7 +4750,7 @@ pub fn check_simd(tcx: &ty::ctxt, sp: Span, id: ast::NodeId) {
         return;
     }
     match t.sty {
-        ty::ty_struct(did, ref substs) => {
+        ty::ty_struct(did, substs) => {
             let fields = ty::lookup_struct_fields(tcx, did);
             if fields.is_empty() {
                 span_err!(tcx.sess, sp, E0075, "SIMD vector cannot be empty");
@@ -5502,7 +5503,7 @@ pub fn check_bounds_are_used<'a, 'tcx>(ccx: &CrateCtxt<'a, 'tcx>,
             match t.sty {
                 ty::ty_param(ParamTy {idx, ..}) => {
                     debug!("Found use of ty param num {}", idx);
-                    tps_used[idx] = true;
+                    tps_used[idx as uint] = true;
                 }
                 _ => ()
             }
@@ -5518,7 +5519,7 @@ pub fn check_bounds_are_used<'a, 'tcx>(ccx: &CrateCtxt<'a, 'tcx>,
 }
 
 pub fn check_intrinsic_type(ccx: &CrateCtxt, it: &ast::ForeignItem) {
-    fn param<'a, 'tcx>(ccx: &CrateCtxt<'a, 'tcx>, n: uint) -> Ty<'tcx> {
+    fn param<'a, 'tcx>(ccx: &CrateCtxt<'a, 'tcx>, n: u32) -> Ty<'tcx> {
         ty::mk_param(ccx.tcx, subst::FnSpace, n, local_def(0))
     }
 
@@ -5561,16 +5562,18 @@ pub fn check_intrinsic_type(ccx: &CrateCtxt, it: &ast::ForeignItem) {
             "breakpoint" => (0, Vec::new(), ty::mk_nil(tcx)),
             "size_of" |
             "pref_align_of" | "min_align_of" => (1u, Vec::new(), ty::mk_uint()),
-            "init" => (1u, Vec::new(), param(ccx, 0u)),
-            "uninit" => (1u, Vec::new(), param(ccx, 0u)),
+            "init" => (1u, Vec::new(), param(ccx, 0)),
+            "uninit" => (1u, Vec::new(), param(ccx, 0)),
             "forget" => (1u, vec!( param(ccx, 0) ), ty::mk_nil(tcx)),
             "transmute" => (2, vec!( param(ccx, 0) ), param(ccx, 1)),
             "move_val_init" => {
                 (1u,
                  vec!(
-                    ty::mk_mut_rptr(tcx, ty::ReLateBound(ty::DebruijnIndex::new(1), ty::BrAnon(0)),
+                    ty::mk_mut_rptr(tcx,
+                                    tcx.mk_region(ty::ReLateBound(ty::DebruijnIndex::new(1),
+                                                                  ty::BrAnon(0))),
                                     param(ccx, 0)),
-                    param(ccx, 0u)
+                    param(ccx, 0)
                   ),
                ty::mk_nil(tcx))
             }
@@ -5594,7 +5597,7 @@ pub fn check_intrinsic_type(ccx: &CrateCtxt, it: &ast::ForeignItem) {
                     Ok(did) => (1u,
                                 Vec::new(),
                                 ty::mk_struct(ccx.tcx, did,
-                                              subst::Substs::empty())),
+                                              ccx.tcx.mk_substs(subst::Substs::empty()))),
                     Err(msg) => {
                         tcx.sess.span_fatal(it.span, msg[]);
                     }
@@ -5769,7 +5772,7 @@ pub fn check_intrinsic_type(ccx: &CrateCtxt, it: &ast::ForeignItem) {
         };
         (n_tps, inputs, ty::FnConverging(output))
     };
-    let fty = ty::mk_bare_fn(tcx, None, ty::BareFnTy {
+    let fty = ty::mk_bare_fn(tcx, None, tcx.mk_bare_fn(ty::BareFnTy {
         unsafety: ast::Unsafety::Unsafe,
         abi: abi::RustIntrinsic,
         sig: ty::Binder(FnSig {
@@ -5777,7 +5780,7 @@ pub fn check_intrinsic_type(ccx: &CrateCtxt, it: &ast::ForeignItem) {
             output: output,
             variadic: false,
         }),
-    });
+    }));
     let i_ty = ty::lookup_item_type(ccx.tcx, local_def(it.id));
     let i_n_tps = i_ty.generics.types.len(subst::FnSpace);
     if i_n_tps != n_tps {
@@ -5798,4 +5801,3 @@ pub fn check_intrinsic_type(ccx: &CrateCtxt, it: &ast::ForeignItem) {
             });
     }
 }
-
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/check/regionck.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/check/regionck.rs
index e17cf81baa8..b8cf215f89e 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/check/regionck.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/check/regionck.rs
@@ -645,7 +645,7 @@ fn visit_expr(rcx: &mut Rcx, expr: &ast::Expr) {
             };
             if let ty::ty_rptr(r_ptr, _) = base_ty.sty {
                 mk_subregion_due_to_dereference(
-                    rcx, expr.span, ty::ReScope(CodeExtent::from_node_id(expr.id)), r_ptr);
+                    rcx, expr.span, ty::ReScope(CodeExtent::from_node_id(expr.id)), *r_ptr);
             }
 
             visit::walk_expr(rcx, expr);
@@ -763,7 +763,7 @@ fn constrain_cast(rcx: &mut Rcx,
             /*From:*/ (&ty::ty_rptr(from_r, ref from_mt),
             /*To:  */  &ty::ty_rptr(to_r, ref to_mt)) => {
                 // Target cannot outlive source, naturally.
-                rcx.fcx.mk_subr(infer::Reborrow(cast_expr.span), to_r, from_r);
+                rcx.fcx.mk_subr(infer::Reborrow(cast_expr.span), *to_r, *from_r);
                 walk_cast(rcx, cast_expr, from_mt.ty, to_mt.ty);
             }
 
@@ -822,7 +822,7 @@ fn check_expr_fn_block(rcx: &mut Rcx,
                         // Variables being referenced must be constrained and registered
                         // in the upvar borrow map
                         constrain_free_variables_in_by_ref_closure(
-                            rcx, region, expr, freevars);
+                            rcx, *region, expr, freevars);
                     }
                 })
             }
@@ -858,7 +858,7 @@ fn check_expr_fn_block(rcx: &mut Rcx,
         }
         ty::ty_unboxed_closure(_, region, _) => {
             ty::with_freevars(tcx, expr.id, |freevars| {
-                let bounds = ty::region_existential_bound(region);
+                let bounds = ty::region_existential_bound(*region);
                 ensure_free_variable_types_outlive_closure_bound(rcx, bounds, expr, freevars);
             })
         }
@@ -897,7 +897,7 @@ fn check_expr_fn_block(rcx: &mut Rcx,
             let var_ty = match rcx.fcx.inh.upvar_borrow_map.borrow().get(&upvar_id) {
                 Some(upvar_borrow) => {
                     ty::mk_rptr(rcx.tcx(),
-                                upvar_borrow.region,
+                                rcx.tcx().mk_region(upvar_borrow.region),
                                 ty::mt { mutbl: upvar_borrow.kind.to_mutbl_lossy(),
                                          ty: raw_var_ty })
                 }
@@ -1137,7 +1137,7 @@ fn constrain_autoderefs<'a, 'tcx>(rcx: &mut Rcx<'a, 'tcx>,
                 {
                     let mc = mc::MemCategorizationContext::new(rcx.fcx);
                     let self_cmt = mc.cat_expr_autoderefd(deref_expr, i);
-                    link_region(rcx, deref_expr.span, r,
+                    link_region(rcx, deref_expr.span, *r,
                                 ty::BorrowKind::from_mutbl(m), self_cmt);
                 }
 
@@ -1158,7 +1158,7 @@ fn constrain_autoderefs<'a, 'tcx>(rcx: &mut Rcx<'a, 'tcx>,
 
         if let ty::ty_rptr(r_ptr, _) =  derefd_ty.sty {
             mk_subregion_due_to_dereference(rcx, deref_expr.span,
-                                            r_deref_expr, r_ptr);
+                                            r_deref_expr, *r_ptr);
         }
 
         match ty::deref(derefd_ty, true) {
@@ -1193,7 +1193,7 @@ fn constrain_index<'a, 'tcx>(rcx: &mut Rcx<'a, 'tcx>,
         match mt.ty.sty {
             ty::ty_vec(_, None) | ty::ty_str => {
                 rcx.fcx.mk_subr(infer::IndexSlice(index_expr.span),
-                                r_index_expr, r_ptr);
+                                r_index_expr, *r_ptr);
             }
             _ => {}
         }
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/check/regionmanip.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/check/regionmanip.rs
index eaf638e388e..ea70b9d9e2e 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/check/regionmanip.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/check/regionmanip.rs
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Wf<'a, 'tcx> {
                 // captured by reference it must also outlive the
                 // region bound on the closure, but this is explicitly
                 // handled by logic in regionck.
-                self.push_region_constraint_from_top(region);
+                self.push_region_constraint_from_top(*region);
             }
 
             ty::ty_trait(ref t) => {
@@ -102,8 +102,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Wf<'a, 'tcx> {
                 self.accumulate_from_object_ty(ty, t.bounds.region_bound, required_region_bounds)
             }
 
-            ty::ty_enum(def_id, ref substs) |
-            ty::ty_struct(def_id, ref substs) => {
+            ty::ty_enum(def_id, substs) |
+            ty::ty_struct(def_id, substs) => {
                 self.accumulate_from_adt(ty, def_id, substs)
             }
 
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Wf<'a, 'tcx> {
             }
 
             ty::ty_rptr(r_b, mt) => {
-                self.accumulate_from_rptr(ty, r_b, mt.ty);
+                self.accumulate_from_rptr(ty, *r_b, mt.ty);
             }
 
             ty::ty_param(p) => {
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/check/vtable.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/check/vtable.rs
index 7ebf39e2e9a..ff16568aa63 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/check/vtable.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/check/vtable.rs
@@ -63,8 +63,8 @@ pub fn check_object_cast<'a, 'tcx>(fcx: &FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx>,
                 // Ensure that if &'a T is cast to &'b Trait, then 'b <= 'a
                 infer::mk_subr(fcx.infcx(),
                                infer::RelateObjectBound(source_expr.span),
-                               target_region,
-                               referent_region);
+                               *target_region,
+                               *referent_region);
 
                 check_object_safety(fcx.tcx(), object_trait, source_expr.span);
             }
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ pub fn check_object_safety<'tcx>(tcx: &ty::ctxt<'tcx>,
                                  object_trait: &ty::TyTrait<'tcx>,
                                  span: Span)
 {
-    let object_trait_ref = object_trait.principal_trait_ref_with_self_ty(ty::mk_err());
+    let object_trait_ref = object_trait.principal_trait_ref_with_self_ty(tcx, ty::mk_err());
     for tr in traits::supertraits(tcx, object_trait_ref) {
         check_object_safety_inner(tcx, &*tr, span);
     }
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ pub fn register_object_cast_obligations<'a, 'tcx>(fcx: &FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx>,
 
     // Create the obligation for casting from T to Trait.
     let object_trait_ref =
-        object_trait.principal_trait_ref_with_self_ty(referent_ty);
+        object_trait.principal_trait_ref_with_self_ty(fcx.tcx(), referent_ty);
     let object_obligation =
         Obligation::new(
             ObligationCause::new(span,
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/check/wf.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/check/wf.rs
index 39bcfb354b8..258177bb720 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/check/wf.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/check/wf.rs
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ impl<'cx,'tcx> BoundsChecker<'cx,'tcx> {
     pub fn check_trait_ref(&mut self, trait_ref: &ty::TraitRef<'tcx>) {
         let trait_def = ty::lookup_trait_def(self.fcx.tcx(), trait_ref.def_id);
 
-        let bounds = trait_def.generics.to_bounds(self.tcx(), &trait_ref.substs);
+        let bounds = trait_def.generics.to_bounds(self.tcx(), trait_ref.substs);
         self.fcx.add_obligations_for_parameters(
             traits::ObligationCause::new(
                 self.span,
@@ -311,8 +311,8 @@ impl<'cx,'tcx> TypeFolder<'tcx> for BoundsChecker<'cx,'tcx> {
         }
 
         match t.sty{
-            ty::ty_struct(type_id, ref substs) |
-            ty::ty_enum(type_id, ref substs) => {
+            ty::ty_struct(type_id, substs) |
+            ty::ty_enum(type_id, substs) => {
                 let polytype = ty::lookup_item_type(self.fcx.tcx(), type_id);
 
                 if self.binding_count == 0 {
@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ impl<'cx,'tcx> TypeFolder<'tcx> for BoundsChecker<'cx,'tcx> {
 
                 self.fold_substs(substs);
             }
-            ty::ty_bare_fn(_, ty::BareFnTy{sig: ref fn_sig, ..}) |
+            ty::ty_bare_fn(_, &ty::BareFnTy{sig: ref fn_sig, ..}) |
             ty::ty_closure(box ty::ClosureTy{sig: ref fn_sig, ..}) => {
                 self.binding_count += 1;
 
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/coherence/mod.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/coherence/mod.rs
index b08db39c189..f92c7764a69 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/coherence/mod.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/coherence/mod.rs
@@ -235,7 +235,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> CoherenceChecker<'a, 'tcx> {
             // impl, plus its own.
             let new_polytype = ty::Polytype {
                 generics: new_method_ty.generics.clone(),
-                ty: ty::mk_bare_fn(tcx, Some(new_did), new_method_ty.fty.clone())
+                ty: ty::mk_bare_fn(tcx, Some(new_did),
+                                   tcx.mk_bare_fn(new_method_ty.fty.clone()))
             };
             debug!("new_polytype={}", new_polytype.repr(tcx));
 
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/collect.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/collect.rs
index 8380ed349cb..793c5f5b4a0 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/collect.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/collect.rs
@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ fn collect_trait_methods<'a, 'tcx>(ccx: &CrateCtxt<'a, 'tcx>,
             m.def_id,
             Polytype {
                 generics: m.generics.clone(),
-                ty: ty::mk_bare_fn(ccx.tcx, Some(m.def_id), m.fty.clone()) });
+                ty: ty::mk_bare_fn(ccx.tcx, Some(m.def_id), ccx.tcx.mk_bare_fn(m.fty.clone())) });
     }
 
     fn ty_method_of_trait_method<'a, 'tcx>(ccx: &CrateCtxt<'a, 'tcx>,
@@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ fn convert_methods<'a,'tcx,'i,I>(ccx: &CrateCtxt<'a, 'tcx>,
                                        untransformed_rcvr_ty,
                                        rcvr_ty_generics,
                                        rcvr_visibility));
-        let fty = ty::mk_bare_fn(tcx, Some(m_def_id), mty.fty.clone());
+        let fty = ty::mk_bare_fn(tcx, Some(m_def_id), tcx.mk_bare_fn(mty.fty.clone()));
         debug!("method {} (id {}) has type {}",
                 m.pe_ident().repr(tcx),
                 m.id,
@@ -651,7 +651,7 @@ fn is_associated_type_valid_for_param(ty: Ty,
                                       generics: &ty::Generics)
                                       -> bool {
     if let ty::ty_param(param_ty) = ty.sty {
-        let type_parameter = generics.types.get(param_ty.space, param_ty.idx);
+        let type_parameter = generics.types.get(param_ty.space, param_ty.idx as uint);
         for trait_bound in type_parameter.bounds.trait_bounds.iter() {
             if trait_bound.def_id() == trait_id {
                 return true
@@ -1264,7 +1264,7 @@ pub fn convert_struct<'a, 'tcx>(ccx: &CrateCtxt<'a, 'tcx>,
     tcx.struct_fields.borrow_mut().insert(local_def(id), Rc::new(field_tys));
 
     let substs = mk_item_substs(ccx, &pty.generics);
-    let selfty = ty::mk_struct(tcx, local_def(id), substs);
+    let selfty = ty::mk_struct(tcx, local_def(id), tcx.mk_substs(substs));
 
     // If this struct is enum-like or tuple-like, create the type of its
     // constructor.
@@ -1353,11 +1353,11 @@ pub fn trait_def_of_item<'a, 'tcx>(ccx: &CrateCtxt<'a, 'tcx>,
         }
     };
 
-    let substs = mk_trait_substs(ccx, it.id, generics, items);
+    let substs = ccx.tcx.mk_substs(mk_trait_substs(ccx, it.id, generics, items));
 
     let ty_generics = ty_generics_for_trait(ccx,
                                             it.id,
-                                            &substs,
+                                            substs,
                                             generics,
                                             items);
 
@@ -1377,7 +1377,7 @@ pub fn trait_def_of_item<'a, 'tcx>(ccx: &CrateCtxt<'a, 'tcx>,
         bounds: bounds,
         trait_ref: Rc::new(ty::TraitRef {
             def_id: def_id,
-            substs: substs
+            substs: ccx.tcx.mk_substs(substs)
         })
     });
     tcx.trait_defs.borrow_mut().insert(def_id, trait_def.clone());
@@ -1397,7 +1397,7 @@ pub fn trait_def_of_item<'a, 'tcx>(ccx: &CrateCtxt<'a, 'tcx>,
                     .enumerate()
                     .map(|(i, def)| ty::ReEarlyBound(def.lifetime.id,
                                                      subst::TypeSpace,
-                                                     i,
+                                                     i as u32,
                                                      def.lifetime.name))
                     .collect();
 
@@ -1407,7 +1407,7 @@ pub fn trait_def_of_item<'a, 'tcx>(ccx: &CrateCtxt<'a, 'tcx>,
                     .iter()
                     .enumerate()
                     .map(|(i, def)| ty::mk_param(ccx.tcx, subst::TypeSpace,
-                                                 i, local_def(def.id)))
+                                                 i as u32, local_def(def.id)))
                     .collect();
 
         // ...and also create generics synthesized from the associated types.
@@ -1465,7 +1465,7 @@ pub fn ty_of_item<'a, 'tcx>(ccx: &CrateCtxt<'a, 'tcx>, it: &ast::Item)
             };
             let pty = Polytype {
                 generics: ty_generics,
-                ty: ty::mk_bare_fn(ccx.tcx, Some(local_def(it.id)), tofd)
+                ty: ty::mk_bare_fn(ccx.tcx, Some(local_def(it.id)), ccx.tcx.mk_bare_fn(tofd))
             };
             debug!("type of {} (id {}) is {}",
                     token::get_ident(it.ident),
@@ -1502,7 +1502,7 @@ pub fn ty_of_item<'a, 'tcx>(ccx: &CrateCtxt<'a, 'tcx>, it: &ast::Item)
                 generics,
                 DontCreateTypeParametersForAssociatedTypes);
             let substs = mk_item_substs(ccx, &ty_generics);
-            let t = ty::mk_enum(tcx, local_def(it.id), substs);
+            let t = ty::mk_enum(tcx, local_def(it.id), tcx.mk_substs(substs));
             let pty = Polytype {
                 generics: ty_generics,
                 ty: t
@@ -1520,7 +1520,7 @@ pub fn ty_of_item<'a, 'tcx>(ccx: &CrateCtxt<'a, 'tcx>, it: &ast::Item)
                 generics,
                 DontCreateTypeParametersForAssociatedTypes);
             let substs = mk_item_substs(ccx, &ty_generics);
-            let t = ty::mk_struct(tcx, local_def(it.id), substs);
+            let t = ty::mk_struct(tcx, local_def(it.id), tcx.mk_substs(substs));
             let pty = Polytype {
                 generics: ty_generics,
                 ty: t
@@ -1598,7 +1598,7 @@ fn ty_generics_for_type_or_impl<'a, 'tcx>(ccx: &CrateCtxt<'a, 'tcx>,
 
 fn ty_generics_for_trait<'a, 'tcx>(ccx: &CrateCtxt<'a, 'tcx>,
                                    trait_id: ast::NodeId,
-                                   substs: &subst::Substs<'tcx>,
+                                   substs: &'tcx subst::Substs<'tcx>,
                                    ast_generics: &ast::Generics,
                                    items: &[ast::TraitItem])
                                    -> ty::Generics<'tcx>
@@ -1621,7 +1621,7 @@ fn ty_generics_for_trait<'a, 'tcx>(ccx: &CrateCtxt<'a, 'tcx>,
                         ccx,
                         subst::AssocSpace,
                         &associated_type.ty_param,
-                        generics.types.len(subst::AssocSpace),
+                        generics.types.len(subst::AssocSpace) as u32,
                         Some(local_def(trait_id)));
                 ccx.tcx.ty_param_defs.borrow_mut().insert(associated_type.ty_param.id,
                                                           def.clone());
@@ -1639,7 +1639,7 @@ fn ty_generics_for_trait<'a, 'tcx>(ccx: &CrateCtxt<'a, 'tcx>,
 
     let self_trait_ref =
         Rc::new(ty::Binder(ty::TraitRef { def_id: local_def(trait_id),
-                                          substs: (*substs).clone() }));
+                                          substs: substs }));
 
     let def = ty::TypeParameterDef {
         space: subst::SelfSpace,
@@ -1746,7 +1746,7 @@ fn ty_generics<'tcx,AC>(this: &AC,
                              .collect();
         let def = ty::RegionParameterDef { name: l.lifetime.name,
                                            space: space,
-                                           index: i,
+                                           index: i as u32,
                                            def_id: local_def(l.lifetime.id),
                                            bounds: bounds };
         debug!("ty_generics: def for region param: {}", def);
@@ -1775,7 +1775,7 @@ fn ty_generics<'tcx,AC>(this: &AC,
         let def = get_or_create_type_parameter_def(&gcx,
                                                    space,
                                                    param,
-                                                   i,
+                                                   i as u32,
                                                    None);
         debug!("ty_generics: def for type param: {}, {}",
                def.repr(this.tcx()),
@@ -1788,7 +1788,7 @@ fn ty_generics<'tcx,AC>(this: &AC,
                                                           .get_slice(space)
                                                           .iter() {
         assert!(result.types.get_slice(space).len() ==
-                associated_type_param.index);
+                associated_type_param.index as uint);
         debug!("ty_generics: def for associated type: {}, {}",
                associated_type_param.repr(this.tcx()),
                space);
@@ -1915,7 +1915,7 @@ fn ty_generics<'tcx,AC>(this: &AC,
                         name: associated_type_def.name,
                         def_id: associated_type_def.def_id,
                         space: space,
-                        index: types.len() + index,
+                        index: types.len() as u32 + index,
                         bounds: ty::ParamBounds {
                             builtin_bounds: associated_type_def.bounds.builtin_bounds,
 
@@ -1963,7 +1963,7 @@ fn ty_generics<'tcx,AC>(this: &AC,
 fn get_or_create_type_parameter_def<'tcx,AC>(this: &AC,
                                              space: subst::ParamSpace,
                                              param: &ast::TyParam,
-                                             index: uint,
+                                             index: u32,
                                              associated_with: Option<ast::DefId>)
                                              -> ty::TypeParameterDef<'tcx>
     where AC: AstConv<'tcx>
@@ -2143,13 +2143,13 @@ pub fn ty_of_foreign_fn_decl<'a, 'tcx>(ccx: &CrateCtxt<'a, 'tcx>,
     let t_fn = ty::mk_bare_fn(
         ccx.tcx,
         None,
-        ty::BareFnTy {
+        ccx.tcx.mk_bare_fn(ty::BareFnTy {
             abi: abi,
             unsafety: ast::Unsafety::Unsafe,
             sig: ty::Binder(ty::FnSig {inputs: input_tys,
-                                       output: output,
-                                       variadic: decl.variadic}),
-        });
+                            output: output,
+                            variadic: decl.variadic})
+        }));
     let pty = Polytype {
         generics: ty_generics_for_fn_or_method,
         ty: t_fn
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/lib.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/lib.rs
index 65dff774528..3418cded022 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/lib.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/lib.rs
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ fn check_main_fn_ty(ccx: &CrateCtxt,
                 }
                 _ => ()
             }
-            let se_ty = ty::mk_bare_fn(tcx, Some(local_def(main_id)), ty::BareFnTy {
+            let se_ty = ty::mk_bare_fn(tcx, Some(local_def(main_id)), tcx.mk_bare_fn(ty::BareFnTy {
                 unsafety: ast::Unsafety::Normal,
                 abi: abi::Rust,
                 sig: ty::Binder(ty::FnSig {
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ fn check_main_fn_ty(ccx: &CrateCtxt,
                     output: ty::FnConverging(ty::mk_nil(tcx)),
                     variadic: false
                 })
-            });
+            }));
 
             require_same_types(tcx, None, false, main_span, main_t, se_ty,
                 || {
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ fn check_start_fn_ty(ccx: &CrateCtxt,
                 _ => ()
             }
 
-            let se_ty = ty::mk_bare_fn(tcx, Some(local_def(start_id)), ty::BareFnTy {
+            let se_ty = ty::mk_bare_fn(tcx, Some(local_def(start_id)), tcx.mk_bare_fn(ty::BareFnTy {
                 unsafety: ast::Unsafety::Normal,
                 abi: abi::Rust,
                 sig: ty::Binder(ty::FnSig {
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ fn check_start_fn_ty(ccx: &CrateCtxt,
                     output: ty::FnConverging(ty::mk_int()),
                     variadic: false
                 }),
-            });
+            }));
 
             require_same_types(tcx, None, false, start_span, start_t, se_ty,
                 || {
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/rscope.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/rscope.rs
index f43e8579022..a97dce88a57 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/rscope.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/rscope.rs
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ impl RegionScope for SpecificRscope {
 /// A scope in which we generate anonymous, late-bound regions for
 /// omitted regions. This occurs in function signatures.
 pub struct BindingRscope {
-    anon_bindings: Cell<uint>,
+    anon_bindings: Cell<u32>,
 }
 
 impl BindingRscope {
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/variance.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/variance.rs
index 8e69bc42d9a..bdd8c7c3da7 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/variance.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/variance.rs
@@ -732,7 +732,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ConstraintContext<'a, 'tcx> {
 
             ty::ty_rptr(region, ref mt) => {
                 let contra = self.contravariant(variance);
-                self.add_constraints_from_region(region, contra);
+                self.add_constraints_from_region(*region, contra);
                 self.add_constraints_from_mt(mt, variance);
             }
 
@@ -750,8 +750,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ConstraintContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                 }
             }
 
-            ty::ty_enum(def_id, ref substs) |
-            ty::ty_struct(def_id, ref substs) => {
+            ty::ty_enum(def_id, substs) |
+            ty::ty_struct(def_id, substs) => {
                 let item_type = ty::lookup_item_type(self.tcx(), def_id);
                 let generics = &item_type.generics;
 
@@ -814,7 +814,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ConstraintContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                 }
             }
 
-            ty::ty_bare_fn(_, ty::BareFnTy { ref sig, .. }) |
+            ty::ty_bare_fn(_, &ty::BareFnTy { ref sig, .. }) |
             ty::ty_closure(box ty::ClosureTy {
                     ref sig,
                     store: ty::UniqTraitStore,
@@ -854,18 +854,18 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ConstraintContext<'a, 'tcx> {
         for p in type_param_defs.iter() {
             let variance_decl =
                 self.declared_variance(p.def_id, def_id, TypeParam,
-                                       p.space, p.index);
+                                       p.space, p.index as uint);
             let variance_i = self.xform(variance, variance_decl);
-            let substs_ty = *substs.types.get(p.space, p.index);
+            let substs_ty = *substs.types.get(p.space, p.index as uint);
             self.add_constraints_from_ty(substs_ty, variance_i);
         }
 
         for p in region_param_defs.iter() {
             let variance_decl =
                 self.declared_variance(p.def_id, def_id,
-                                       RegionParam, p.space, p.index);
+                                       RegionParam, p.space, p.index as uint);
             let variance_i = self.xform(variance, variance_decl);
-            let substs_r = *substs.regions().get(p.space, p.index);
+            let substs_r = *substs.regions().get(p.space, p.index as uint);
             self.add_constraints_from_region(substs_r, variance_i);
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/clean/mod.rs b/src/librustdoc/clean/mod.rs
index 2e0affe827b..0308194527e 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/clean/mod.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/clean/mod.rs
@@ -620,7 +620,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Clean<TyParamBound> for ty::TraitRef<'tcx> {
         let fqn = fqn.into_iter().map(|i| i.to_string())
                      .collect::<Vec<String>>();
         let path = external_path(cx, fqn.last().unwrap().as_slice(),
-                                 Some(self.def_id), &self.substs);
+                                 Some(self.def_id), self.substs);
         cx.external_paths.borrow_mut().as_mut().unwrap().insert(self.def_id,
                                                             (fqn, TypeTrait));
 
@@ -634,7 +634,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Clean<TyParamBound> for ty::TraitRef<'tcx> {
             if let sty::ty_tup(ref ts) = ty_s.sty {
                 for &ty_s in ts.iter() {
                     if let sty::ty_rptr(ref reg, _) = ty_s.sty {
-                        if let &Region::ReLateBound(_, _) = reg {
+                        if let &Region::ReLateBound(_, _) = *reg {
                             debug!("  hit an ReLateBound {}", reg);
                             if let Some(lt) = reg.clean(cx) {
                                 late_bounds.push(lt)
@@ -1464,10 +1464,10 @@ impl<'tcx> Clean<Type> for ty::Ty<'tcx> {
                     ty::RegionTraitStore(..) => Closure(decl),
                 }
             }
-            ty::ty_struct(did, ref substs) |
-            ty::ty_enum(did, ref substs) |
+            ty::ty_struct(did, substs) |
+            ty::ty_enum(did, substs) |
             ty::ty_trait(box ty::TyTrait {
-                principal: ty::Binder(ty::TraitRef { def_id: did, ref substs }),
+                principal: ty::Binder(ty::TraitRef { def_id: did, substs }),
                 .. }) =>
             {
                 let fqn = csearch::get_item_path(cx.tcx(), did);
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/core.rs b/src/librustdoc/core.rs
index 4cd88bca51e..59883f37737 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/core.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/core.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ use syntax::{ast, ast_map, codemap, diagnostic};
 
 use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
-use arena::TypedArena;
 
 use visit_ast::RustdocVisitor;
 use clean;
@@ -121,10 +120,10 @@ pub fn run_core(libs: Vec<Path>, cfgs: Vec<String>, externs: Externs,
     let mut forest = ast_map::Forest::new(krate);
     let ast_map = driver::assign_node_ids_and_map(&sess, &mut forest);
 
-    let type_arena = TypedArena::new();
+    let arenas = ty::CtxtArenas::new();
     let ty::CrateAnalysis {
         exported_items, public_items, ty_cx, ..
-    } = driver::phase_3_run_analysis_passes(sess, ast_map, &type_arena, name);
+    } = driver::phase_3_run_analysis_passes(sess, ast_map, &arenas, name);
 
     let ctxt = DocContext {
         krate: ty_cx.map.krate(),
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/ast.rs b/src/libsyntax/ast.rs
index 0c8c17b080b..d4932fbb5f1 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/ast.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/ast.rs
@@ -607,7 +607,7 @@ pub enum Stmt_ {
     /// Expr with trailing semi-colon (may have any type):
     StmtSemi(P<Expr>, NodeId),
 
-    StmtMac(Mac, MacStmtStyle),
+    StmtMac(P<Mac>, MacStmtStyle),
 }
 
 #[deriving(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, RustcEncodable, RustcDecodable, Hash, Show)]
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/ext/expand.rs b/src/libsyntax/ext/expand.rs
index f2b6f6bfe16..d2d624fa05e 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/ext/expand.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/ext/expand.rs
@@ -672,7 +672,7 @@ fn expand_stmt(s: Stmt, fld: &mut MacroExpander) -> SmallVector<P<Stmt>> {
         StmtMac(mac, style) => (mac, style),
         _ => return expand_non_macro_stmt(s, fld)
     };
-    let expanded_stmt = match expand_mac_invoc(mac, s.span,
+    let expanded_stmt = match expand_mac_invoc(mac.and_then(|m| m), s.span,
                                                 |r| r.make_stmt(),
                                                 mark_stmt, fld) {
         Some(stmt) => stmt,
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/fold.rs b/src/libsyntax/fold.rs
index 0803de1bb53..c58901701f5 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/fold.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/fold.rs
@@ -1461,7 +1461,7 @@ pub fn noop_fold_stmt<T: Folder>(Spanned {node, span}: Stmt, folder: &mut T)
             }))
         }
         StmtMac(mac, semi) => SmallVector::one(P(Spanned {
-            node: StmtMac(folder.fold_mac(mac), semi),
+            node: StmtMac(mac.map(|m| folder.fold_mac(m)), semi),
             span: span
         }))
     }
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/parse/parser.rs b/src/libsyntax/parse/parser.rs
index 94b61ba56d2..a2e2abab03e 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/parse/parser.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/parse/parser.rs
@@ -3746,9 +3746,9 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             if id.name == token::special_idents::invalid.name {
                 P(spanned(lo,
                           hi,
-                          StmtMac(spanned(lo,
+                          StmtMac(P(spanned(lo,
                                           hi,
-                                          MacInvocTT(pth, tts, EMPTY_CTXT)),
+                                          MacInvocTT(pth, tts, EMPTY_CTXT))),
                                   style)))
             } else {
                 // if it has a special ident, it's definitely an item
@@ -3911,7 +3911,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                                 _ => {
                                     let e = self.mk_mac_expr(span.lo,
                                                              span.hi,
-                                                             macro.node);
+                                                             macro.and_then(|m| m.node));
                                     let e =
                                         self.parse_dot_or_call_expr_with(e);
                                     self.handle_expression_like_statement(
@@ -3940,7 +3940,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                                     expr = Some(
                                         self.mk_mac_expr(span.lo,
                                                          span.hi,
-                                                         m.node));
+                                                         m.and_then(|x| x.node)));
                                 }
                                 _ => {
                                     stmts.push(P(Spanned {
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/print/pprust.rs b/src/libsyntax/print/pprust.rs
index 3d53bd8aadf..623f20bccd2 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/print/pprust.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/print/pprust.rs
@@ -1337,7 +1337,7 @@ impl<'a> State<'a> {
                     ast::MacStmtWithBraces => token::Brace,
                     _ => token::Paren
                 };
-                try!(self.print_mac(mac, delim));
+                try!(self.print_mac(&**mac, delim));
                 match style {
                     ast::MacStmtWithBraces => {}
                     _ => try!(word(&mut self.s, ";")),
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/visit.rs b/src/libsyntax/visit.rs
index 4cc93467a7c..714339d0f0a 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/visit.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/visit.rs
@@ -730,7 +730,7 @@ pub fn walk_stmt<'v, V: Visitor<'v>>(visitor: &mut V, statement: &'v Stmt) {
         StmtExpr(ref expression, _) | StmtSemi(ref expression, _) => {
             visitor.visit_expr(&**expression)
         }
-        StmtMac(ref macro, _) => visitor.visit_mac(macro),
+        StmtMac(ref macro, _) => visitor.visit_mac(&**macro),
     }
 }