Rollup merge of #101809 - aDotInTheVoid:jsondoclint, r=GuillaumeGomez

Replace `check_missing_items.py` with `jsondoclint`

[zulip discussion](https://rust-lang.zulipchat.com/#narrow/stream/266220-rustdoc/topic/check_missing_items.2Epy.20Replacement.2E)

check_missing_items.py was a python script that checked rustdoc json output to make sure all the Id's referenced existed in the JSON index. This PR replaces that with a rust binary (`jsondoclint`) that does the same thing.

### Motivation

1. Easier to change when `rustdoc-json-types` changes, as `jsondoclint` uses the types directly.
2. Better Errors:
    - Multiple Errors can be emited for a single crate
    - Errors can say where in JSON they occored
        ```
        2:2889:408 not in index or paths, but refered to at '.index."2:2888:104".inner.items[0]'
        2:2890:410 not in index or paths, but refered to at '.index."2:2888:104".inner.items[1]'
        ```
3. Catches more bugs.
    - Because matches are exaustive, all posible variants considered for enums
    - All Id's checked
    - Has already found #101770, #101199 and #100973
    - Id type is also checked, so the Id's in a structs fields can only be field items.
4. Allows the possibility of running from `rustdoc::json`, which we should do in a crator run at some point.

cc ``@CraftSpider``

r? ``@GuillaumeGomez``

15 files changed, 816 insertions, 214 deletions

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 4e0e72d3415..69f96bcbe63 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -103,9 +103,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "anyhow"
-version = "1.0.60"
+version = "1.0.65"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c794e162a5eff65c72ef524dfe393eb923c354e350bb78b9c7383df13f3bc142"
+checksum = "98161a4e3e2184da77bb14f02184cdd111e83bbbcc9979dfee3c44b9a85f5602"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "array_tool"
@@ -1362,9 +1362,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "fs-err"
-version = "2.5.0"
+version = "2.8.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bcd1163ae48bda72a20ae26d66a04d3094135cadab911cff418ae5e33f253431"
+checksum = "64db3e262960f0662f43a6366788d5f10f7f244b8f7d7d987f560baf5ded5c50"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "fs_extra"
@@ -1892,6 +1892,16 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
 [[package]]
+name = "jsondoclint"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "fs-err",
+ "rustdoc-json-types",
+ "serde_json",
+]
+
+[[package]]
 name = "jsonpath_lib"
 version = "0.2.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
@@ -4445,9 +4455,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_json"
-version = "1.0.83"
+version = "1.0.85"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "38dd04e3c8279e75b31ef29dbdceebfe5ad89f4d0937213c53f7d49d01b3d5a7"
+checksum = "e55a28e3aaef9d5ce0506d0a14dbba8054ddc7e499ef522dd8b26859ec9d4a44"
 dependencies = [
  "indexmap",
  "itoa",
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 5753730053f..e49fe5e2f63 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ members = [
   "src/tools/unicode-table-generator",
   "src/tools/expand-yaml-anchors",
   "src/tools/jsondocck",
+  "src/tools/jsondoclint",
   "src/tools/html-checker",
   "src/tools/bump-stage0",
   "src/tools/replace-version-placeholder",
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/test.rs b/src/bootstrap/test.rs
index f61c9583085..9d286ddd6d1 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/test.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/test.rs
@@ -1341,6 +1341,8 @@ note: if you're sure you want to do this, please open an issue as to why. In the
             let json_compiler = compiler.with_stage(0);
             cmd.arg("--jsondocck-path")
                 .arg(builder.ensure(tool::JsonDocCk { compiler: json_compiler, target }));
+            cmd.arg("--jsondoclint-path")
+                .arg(builder.ensure(tool::JsonDocLint { compiler: json_compiler, target }));
         }
 
         if mode == "run-make" {
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/tool.rs b/src/bootstrap/tool.rs
index c3b04a9bbce..7d4ed24b648 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/tool.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/tool.rs
@@ -376,6 +376,7 @@ bootstrap_tool!(
     ExpandYamlAnchors, "src/tools/expand-yaml-anchors", "expand-yaml-anchors";
     LintDocs, "src/tools/lint-docs", "lint-docs";
     JsonDocCk, "src/tools/jsondocck", "jsondocck";
+    JsonDocLint, "src/tools/jsondoclint", "jsondoclint";
     HtmlChecker, "src/tools/html-checker", "html-checker";
     BumpStage0, "src/tools/bump-stage0", "bump-stage0";
     ReplaceVersionPlaceholder, "src/tools/replace-version-placeholder", "replace-version-placeholder";
diff --git a/src/etc/check_missing_items.py b/src/etc/check_missing_items.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 0026c4cbdca..00000000000
--- a/src/etc/check_missing_items.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,202 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-
-# This test ensures that every ID in the produced json actually resolves to an item either in
-# `index` or `paths`. It DOES NOT check that the structure of the produced json is actually in
-# any way correct, for example an empty map would pass.
-
-# FIXME: Better error output
-
-import sys
-import json
-
-crate = json.load(open(sys.argv[1], encoding="utf-8"))
-
-
-def get_local_item(item_id):
-    if item_id in crate["index"]:
-        return crate["index"][item_id]
-    print("Missing local ID:", item_id)
-    sys.exit(1)
-
-
-# local IDs have to be in `index`, external ones can sometimes be in `index` but otherwise have
-# to be in `paths`
-def valid_id(item_id):
-    return item_id in crate["index"] or item_id[0] != "0" and item_id in crate["paths"]
-
-
-def check_generics(generics):
-    for param in generics["params"]:
-        check_generic_param(param)
-    for where_predicate in generics["where_predicates"]:
-        if "bound_predicate" in where_predicate:
-            pred = where_predicate["bound_predicate"]
-            check_type(pred["type"])
-            for bound in pred["bounds"]:
-                check_generic_bound(bound)
-        elif "region_predicate" in where_predicate:
-            pred = where_predicate["region_predicate"]
-            for bound in pred["bounds"]:
-                check_generic_bound(bound)
-        elif "eq_predicate" in where_predicate:
-            pred = where_predicate["eq_predicate"]
-            check_type(pred["rhs"])
-            check_type(pred["lhs"])
-
-
-def check_generic_param(param):
-    if "type" in param["kind"]:
-        ty = param["kind"]["type"]
-        if ty["default"]:
-            check_type(ty["default"])
-        for bound in ty["bounds"]:
-            check_generic_bound(bound)
-    elif "const" in param["kind"]:
-        check_type(param["kind"]["const"])
-
-
-def check_generic_bound(bound):
-    if "trait_bound" in bound:
-        for param in bound["trait_bound"]["generic_params"]:
-            check_generic_param(param)
-        check_path(bound["trait_bound"]["trait"])
-
-
-def check_decl(decl):
-    for (_name, ty) in decl["inputs"]:
-        check_type(ty)
-    if decl["output"]:
-        check_type(decl["output"])
-
-def check_path(path):
-    args = path["args"]
-    if args:
-        if "angle_bracketed" in args:
-            for arg in args["angle_bracketed"]["args"]:
-                if "type" in arg:
-                    check_type(arg["type"])
-                elif "const" in arg:
-                    check_type(arg["const"]["type"])
-            for binding in args["angle_bracketed"]["bindings"]:
-                if "equality" in binding["binding"]:
-                    term = binding["binding"]["equality"]
-                    if "type" in term: check_type(term["type"])
-                    elif "const" in term: check_type(term["const"])
-                elif "constraint" in binding["binding"]:
-                    for bound in binding["binding"]["constraint"]:
-                        check_generic_bound(bound)
-        elif "parenthesized" in args:
-            for input_ty in args["parenthesized"]["inputs"]:
-                check_type(input_ty)
-            if args["parenthesized"]["output"]:
-                check_type(args["parenthesized"]["output"])
-
-    if path["id"] in crate["index"]:
-        work_list.add(path["id"])
-    elif path["id"] not in crate["paths"]:
-        print("Id not in index or paths:", path["id"])
-        sys.exit(1)
-
-def check_type(ty):
-    if ty["kind"] == "resolved_path":
-        check_path(ty["inner"])
-    elif ty["kind"] == "tuple":
-        for ty in ty["inner"]:
-            check_type(ty)
-    elif ty["kind"] == "slice":
-        check_type(ty["inner"])
-    elif ty["kind"] == "impl_trait":
-        for bound in ty["inner"]:
-            check_generic_bound(bound)
-    elif ty["kind"] in ("raw_pointer", "borrowed_ref", "array"):
-        check_type(ty["inner"]["type"])
-    elif ty["kind"] == "function_pointer":
-        for param in ty["inner"]["generic_params"]:
-            check_generic_param(param)
-        check_decl(ty["inner"]["decl"])
-    elif ty["kind"] == "qualified_path":
-        check_type(ty["inner"]["self_type"])
-        check_path(ty["inner"]["trait"])
-
-
-work_list = set([crate["root"]])
-visited = work_list.copy()
-
-while work_list:
-    current = work_list.pop()
-    visited.add(current)
-    item = get_local_item(current)
-    # check intradoc links
-    for (_name, link) in item["links"].items():
-        if not valid_id(link):
-            print("Intra-doc link contains invalid ID:", link)
-
-    # check all fields that reference types such as generics as well as nested items
-    # (modules, structs, traits, and enums)
-    if item["kind"] == "module":
-        work_list |= set(item["inner"]["items"]) - visited
-    elif item["kind"] == "struct":
-        check_generics(item["inner"]["generics"])
-        work_list |= set(item["inner"]["impls"]) - visited
-        if "tuple" in item["inner"]["kind"]:
-            work_list |= set(filter(None, item["inner"]["kind"]["tuple"])) - visited
-        elif "plain" in item["inner"]["kind"]:
-            work_list |= set(item["inner"]["kind"]["plain"]["fields"]) - visited
-    elif item["kind"] == "struct_field":
-        check_type(item["inner"])
-    elif item["kind"] == "enum":
-        check_generics(item["inner"]["generics"])
-        work_list |= (
-            set(item["inner"]["variants"]) | set(item["inner"]["impls"])
-        ) - visited
-    elif item["kind"] == "variant":
-        if item["inner"]["variant_kind"] == "tuple":
-            for field_id in filter(None, item["inner"]["variant_inner"]):
-                work_list.add(field_id)
-        elif item["inner"]["variant_kind"] == "struct":
-            work_list |= set(item["inner"]["variant_inner"]["fields"]) - visited
-    elif item["kind"] in ("function", "method"):
-        check_generics(item["inner"]["generics"])
-        check_decl(item["inner"]["decl"])
-    elif item["kind"] in ("static", "constant", "assoc_const"):
-        check_type(item["inner"]["type"])
-    elif item["kind"] == "typedef":
-        check_type(item["inner"]["type"])
-        check_generics(item["inner"]["generics"])
-    elif item["kind"] == "opaque_ty":
-        check_generics(item["inner"]["generics"])
-        for bound in item["inner"]["bounds"]:
-            check_generic_bound(bound)
-    elif item["kind"] == "trait_alias":
-        check_generics(item["inner"]["params"])
-        for bound in item["inner"]["bounds"]:
-            check_generic_bound(bound)
-    elif item["kind"] == "trait":
-        check_generics(item["inner"]["generics"])
-        for bound in item["inner"]["bounds"]:
-            check_generic_bound(bound)
-        work_list |= (
-            set(item["inner"]["items"]) | set(item["inner"]["implementations"])
-        ) - visited
-    elif item["kind"] == "impl":
-        check_generics(item["inner"]["generics"])
-        if item["inner"]["trait"]:
-            check_path(item["inner"]["trait"])
-        if item["inner"]["blanket_impl"]:
-            check_type(item["inner"]["blanket_impl"])
-        check_type(item["inner"]["for"])
-        for assoc_item in item["inner"]["items"]:
-            if not valid_id(assoc_item):
-                print("Impl block referenced a missing ID:", assoc_item)
-                sys.exit(1)
-    elif item["kind"] == "assoc_type":
-        for bound in item["inner"]["bounds"]:
-            check_generic_bound(bound)
-        if item["inner"]["default"]:
-            check_type(item["inner"]["default"])
-    elif item["kind"] == "import":
-        if item["inner"]["id"]:
-            inner_id = item["inner"]["id"]
-            assert valid_id(inner_id)
-            if inner_id in crate["index"] and inner_id not in visited:
-                work_list.add(inner_id)
diff --git a/src/test/rustdoc-json/type/extern.rs b/src/test/rustdoc-json/type/extern.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d287d5ebec5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/rustdoc-json/type/extern.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#![feature(extern_types)]
+
+extern {
+    /// No inner information
+    pub type Foo;
+}
+
+// @is "$.index[*][?(@.docs=='No inner information')].name" '"Foo"'
+// @is "$.index[*][?(@.docs=='No inner information')].kind" '"foreign_type"'
+// @!has "$.index[*][?(@.docs=='No inner information')].inner"
diff --git a/src/tools/compiletest/src/common.rs b/src/tools/compiletest/src/common.rs
index 6f17b9e1be9..64df76e2772 100644
--- a/src/tools/compiletest/src/common.rs
+++ b/src/tools/compiletest/src/common.rs
@@ -203,6 +203,9 @@ pub struct Config {
     /// The jsondocck executable.
     pub jsondocck_path: Option<String>,
 
+    /// The jsondoclint executable.
+    pub jsondoclint_path: Option<String>,
+
     /// The LLVM `FileCheck` binary path.
     pub llvm_filecheck: Option<PathBuf>,
 
diff --git a/src/tools/compiletest/src/main.rs b/src/tools/compiletest/src/main.rs
index 0e2cc52a645..38c7b87fc0d 100644
--- a/src/tools/compiletest/src/main.rs
+++ b/src/tools/compiletest/src/main.rs
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ pub fn parse_config(args: Vec<String>) -> Config {
         .optopt("", "rust-demangler-path", "path to rust-demangler to use in tests", "PATH")
         .reqopt("", "python", "path to python to use for doc tests", "PATH")
         .optopt("", "jsondocck-path", "path to jsondocck to use for doc tests", "PATH")
+        .optopt("", "jsondoclint-path", "path to jsondoclint to use for doc tests", "PATH")
         .optopt("", "valgrind-path", "path to Valgrind executable for Valgrind tests", "PROGRAM")
         .optflag("", "force-valgrind", "fail if Valgrind tests cannot be run under Valgrind")
         .optopt("", "run-clang-based-tests-with", "path to Clang executable", "PATH")
@@ -226,6 +227,7 @@ pub fn parse_config(args: Vec<String>) -> Config {
         rust_demangler_path: matches.opt_str("rust-demangler-path").map(PathBuf::from),
         python: matches.opt_str("python").unwrap(),
         jsondocck_path: matches.opt_str("jsondocck-path"),
+        jsondoclint_path: matches.opt_str("jsondoclint-path"),
         valgrind_path: matches.opt_str("valgrind-path"),
         force_valgrind: matches.opt_present("force-valgrind"),
         run_clang_based_tests_with: matches.opt_str("run-clang-based-tests-with"),
diff --git a/src/tools/compiletest/src/runtest.rs b/src/tools/compiletest/src/runtest.rs
index e2afa5ef590..8f289876f73 100644
--- a/src/tools/compiletest/src/runtest.rs
+++ b/src/tools/compiletest/src/runtest.rs
@@ -2563,14 +2563,13 @@ impl<'test> TestCx<'test> {
 
         let mut json_out = out_dir.join(self.testpaths.file.file_stem().unwrap());
         json_out.set_extension("json");
+
         let res = self.cmd2procres(
-            Command::new(&self.config.python)
-                .arg(root.join("src/etc/check_missing_items.py"))
-                .arg(&json_out),
+            Command::new(self.config.jsondoclint_path.as_ref().unwrap()).arg(&json_out),
         );
 
         if !res.status.success() {
-            self.fatal_proc_rec("check_missing_items failed!", &res);
+            self.fatal_proc_rec("jsondoclint failed!", &res);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/tools/jsondoclint/Cargo.toml b/src/tools/jsondoclint/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..84a6c7f96c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/jsondoclint/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[package]
+name = "jsondoclint"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
+
+[dependencies]
+anyhow = "1.0.62"
+fs-err = "2.8.1"
+rustdoc-json-types = { version = "0.1.0", path = "../../rustdoc-json-types" }
+serde_json = "1.0.85"
diff --git a/src/tools/jsondoclint/src/item_kind.rs b/src/tools/jsondoclint/src/item_kind.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ad8e96a0bd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/jsondoclint/src/item_kind.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+use rustdoc_json_types::{Item, ItemEnum, ItemKind, ItemSummary};
+
+/// A univeral way to represent an [`ItemEnum`] or [`ItemKind`]
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(crate) enum Kind {
+    Module,
+    ExternCrate,
+    Import,
+    Struct,
+    StructField,
+    Union,
+    Enum,
+    Variant,
+    Function,
+    Typedef,
+    OpaqueTy,
+    Constant,
+    Trait,
+    TraitAlias,
+    Method,
+    Impl,
+    Static,
+    ForeignType,
+    Macro,
+    ProcAttribute,
+    ProcDerive,
+    AssocConst,
+    AssocType,
+    Primitive,
+    Keyword,
+    // Not in ItemKind
+    ProcMacro,
+}
+
+impl Kind {
+    pub fn can_appear_in_mod(self) -> bool {
+        use Kind::*;
+        match self {
+            Module => true,
+            ExternCrate => true,
+            Import => true,
+            Union => true,
+            Struct => true,
+            Enum => true,
+            Function => true,
+            Trait => true,
+            TraitAlias => true,
+            Impl => true,
+            Typedef => true,
+            Constant => true,
+            Static => true,
+            Macro => true,
+            ProcMacro => true,
+            Primitive => true,
+            ForeignType => true,
+
+            // FIXME(adotinthevoid): I'm not sure if these are corrent
+            Keyword => false,
+            OpaqueTy => false,
+            ProcAttribute => false,
+            ProcDerive => false,
+
+            // Only in traits
+            AssocConst => false,
+            AssocType => false,
+            Method => false,
+
+            StructField => false, // Only in structs or variants
+            Variant => false,     // Only in enums
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn can_appear_in_trait(self) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            Kind::AssocConst => true,
+            Kind::AssocType => true,
+            Kind::Method => true,
+
+            Kind::Module => false,
+            Kind::ExternCrate => false,
+            Kind::Import => false,
+            Kind::Struct => false,
+            Kind::StructField => false,
+            Kind::Union => false,
+            Kind::Enum => false,
+            Kind::Variant => false,
+            Kind::Function => false,
+            Kind::Typedef => false,
+            Kind::OpaqueTy => false,
+            Kind::Constant => false,
+            Kind::Trait => false,
+            Kind::TraitAlias => false,
+            Kind::Impl => false,
+            Kind::Static => false,
+            Kind::ForeignType => false,
+            Kind::Macro => false,
+            Kind::ProcAttribute => false,
+            Kind::ProcDerive => false,
+            Kind::Primitive => false,
+            Kind::Keyword => false,
+            Kind::ProcMacro => false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_struct_field(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Kind::StructField)
+    }
+    pub fn is_module(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Kind::Module)
+    }
+    pub fn is_impl(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Kind::Impl)
+    }
+    pub fn is_variant(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Kind::Variant)
+    }
+    pub fn is_trait(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Kind::Trait)
+    }
+    pub fn is_struct_enum_union(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Kind::Struct | Kind::Enum | Kind::Union)
+    }
+
+    pub fn from_item(i: &Item) -> Self {
+        use Kind::*;
+        match i.inner {
+            ItemEnum::Module(_) => Module,
+            ItemEnum::Import(_) => Import,
+            ItemEnum::Union(_) => Union,
+            ItemEnum::Struct(_) => Struct,
+            ItemEnum::StructField(_) => StructField,
+            ItemEnum::Enum(_) => Enum,
+            ItemEnum::Variant(_) => Variant,
+            ItemEnum::Function(_) => Function,
+            ItemEnum::Trait(_) => Trait,
+            ItemEnum::TraitAlias(_) => TraitAlias,
+            ItemEnum::Method(_) => Method,
+            ItemEnum::Impl(_) => Impl,
+            ItemEnum::Typedef(_) => Typedef,
+            ItemEnum::OpaqueTy(_) => OpaqueTy,
+            ItemEnum::Constant(_) => Constant,
+            ItemEnum::Static(_) => Static,
+            ItemEnum::Macro(_) => Macro,
+            ItemEnum::ProcMacro(_) => ProcMacro,
+            // https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/100961
+            ItemEnum::PrimitiveType(_) => Primitive,
+            ItemEnum::ForeignType => ForeignType,
+            ItemEnum::ExternCrate { .. } => ExternCrate,
+            ItemEnum::AssocConst { .. } => AssocConst,
+            ItemEnum::AssocType { .. } => AssocType,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn from_summary(s: &ItemSummary) -> Self {
+        use Kind::*;
+        match s.kind {
+            ItemKind::AssocConst => AssocConst,
+            ItemKind::AssocType => AssocType,
+            ItemKind::Constant => Constant,
+            ItemKind::Enum => Enum,
+            ItemKind::ExternCrate => ExternCrate,
+            ItemKind::ForeignType => ForeignType,
+            ItemKind::Function => Function,
+            ItemKind::Impl => Impl,
+            ItemKind::Import => Import,
+            ItemKind::Keyword => Keyword,
+            ItemKind::Macro => Macro,
+            ItemKind::Method => Method,
+            ItemKind::Module => Module,
+            ItemKind::OpaqueTy => OpaqueTy,
+            ItemKind::Primitive => Primitive,
+            ItemKind::ProcAttribute => ProcAttribute,
+            ItemKind::ProcDerive => ProcDerive,
+            ItemKind::Static => Static,
+            ItemKind::Struct => Struct,
+            ItemKind::StructField => StructField,
+            ItemKind::Trait => Trait,
+            ItemKind::TraitAlias => TraitAlias,
+            ItemKind::Typedef => Typedef,
+            ItemKind::Union => Union,
+            ItemKind::Variant => Variant,
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/tools/jsondoclint/src/json_find.rs b/src/tools/jsondoclint/src/json_find.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..95ea8866609
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/jsondoclint/src/json_find.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+use std::fmt::Write;
+
+use serde_json::Value;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub enum SelectorPart {
+    Field(String),
+    Index(usize),
+}
+
+pub type Selector = Vec<SelectorPart>;
+
+pub fn to_jsonpath(sel: &Selector) -> String {
+    let mut s = String::from("$");
+    for part in sel {
+        match part {
+            SelectorPart::Field(name) => {
+                if is_jsonpath_safe(name) {
+                    write!(&mut s, ".{}", name).unwrap();
+                } else {
+                    // This is probably wrong in edge cases, but all Id's are
+                    // just ascii alphanumerics, `-` `_`, and `:`
+                    write!(&mut s, "[{name:?}]").unwrap();
+                }
+            }
+            SelectorPart::Index(idx) => write!(&mut s, "[{idx}]").unwrap(),
+        }
+    }
+    s
+}
+
+fn is_jsonpath_safe(s: &str) -> bool {
+    s.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_alphanumeric() || c == '_')
+}
+
+pub fn find_selector(haystack: &Value, needle: &Value) -> Vec<Selector> {
+    let mut result = Vec::new();
+    let mut sel = Selector::new();
+    find_selector_recursive(haystack, needle, &mut result, &mut sel);
+    result
+}
+
+fn find_selector_recursive(
+    haystack: &Value,
+    needle: &Value,
+    result: &mut Vec<Selector>,
+    pos: &mut Selector,
+) {
+    if needle == haystack {
+        result.push(pos.clone());
+        // Haystack cant both contain needle and be needle
+    } else {
+        match haystack {
+            Value::Null => {}
+            Value::Bool(_) => {}
+            Value::Number(_) => {}
+            Value::String(_) => {}
+            Value::Array(arr) => {
+                for (idx, subhaystack) in arr.iter().enumerate() {
+                    pos.push(SelectorPart::Index(idx));
+                    find_selector_recursive(subhaystack, needle, result, pos);
+                    pos.pop().unwrap();
+                }
+            }
+            Value::Object(obj) => {
+                for (key, subhaystack) in obj {
+                    pos.push(SelectorPart::Field(key.clone()));
+                    find_selector_recursive(subhaystack, needle, result, pos);
+                    pos.pop().unwrap();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/tools/jsondoclint/src/main.rs b/src/tools/jsondoclint/src/main.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..70d7a82a576
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/jsondoclint/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+use std::env;
+
+use anyhow::{anyhow, bail, Result};
+use fs_err as fs;
+use rustdoc_json_types::{Crate, Id, FORMAT_VERSION};
+use serde_json::Value;
+
+pub(crate) mod item_kind;
+mod json_find;
+mod validator;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct Error {
+    kind: ErrorKind,
+    id: Id,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+enum ErrorKind {
+    NotFound,
+    Custom(String),
+}
+
+fn main() -> Result<()> {
+    let path = env::args().nth(1).ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("no path given"))?;
+    let contents = fs::read_to_string(&path)?;
+    let krate: Crate = serde_json::from_str(&contents)?;
+    assert_eq!(krate.format_version, FORMAT_VERSION);
+
+    let mut validator = validator::Validator::new(&krate);
+    validator.check_crate();
+
+    if !validator.errs.is_empty() {
+        for err in validator.errs {
+            match err.kind {
+                ErrorKind::NotFound => {
+                    let krate_json: Value = serde_json::from_str(&contents)?;
+
+                    let sels =
+                        json_find::find_selector(&krate_json, &Value::String(err.id.0.clone()));
+                    match &sels[..] {
+                        [] => unreachable!(
+                            "id must be in crate, or it wouldn't be reported as not found"
+                        ),
+                        [sel] => eprintln!(
+                            "{} not in index or paths, but refered to at '{}'",
+                            err.id.0,
+                            json_find::to_jsonpath(&sel)
+                        ),
+                        [sel, ..] => eprintln!(
+                            "{} not in index or paths, but refered to at '{}' and more",
+                            err.id.0,
+                            json_find::to_jsonpath(&sel)
+                        ),
+                    }
+                }
+                ErrorKind::Custom(msg) => eprintln!("{}: {}", err.id.0, msg),
+            }
+        }
+        bail!("Errors validating json {path}");
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/src/tools/jsondoclint/src/validator.rs b/src/tools/jsondoclint/src/validator.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a0e77127dc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/jsondoclint/src/validator.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,442 @@
+use std::collections::HashSet;
+use std::hash::Hash;
+
+use rustdoc_json_types::{
+    Constant, Crate, DynTrait, Enum, FnDecl, Function, FunctionPointer, GenericArg, GenericArgs,
+    GenericBound, GenericParamDef, Generics, Id, Impl, Import, ItemEnum, Method, Module, OpaqueTy,
+    Path, ProcMacro, Static, Struct, StructKind, Term, Trait, TraitAlias, Type, TypeBinding,
+    TypeBindingKind, Typedef, Union, Variant, WherePredicate,
+};
+
+use crate::{item_kind::Kind, Error, ErrorKind};
+
+/// The Validator walks over the JSON tree, and ensures it is well formed.
+/// It is made of several parts.
+///
+/// - `check_*`: These take a type from [`rustdoc_json_types`], and check that
+///              it is well formed. This involves calling `check_*` functions on
+///              fields of that item, and `add_*` functions on [`Id`]s.
+/// - `add_*`: These add an [`Id`] to the worklist, after validating it to check if
+///            the `Id` is a kind expected in this suituation.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Validator<'a> {
+    pub(crate) errs: Vec<Error>,
+    krate: &'a Crate,
+    /// Worklist of Ids to check.
+    todo: HashSet<&'a Id>,
+    /// Ids that have already been visited, so don't need to be checked again.
+    seen_ids: HashSet<&'a Id>,
+    /// Ids that have already been reported missing.
+    missing_ids: HashSet<&'a Id>,
+}
+
+enum PathKind {
+    Trait,
+    StructEnumUnion,
+}
+
+impl<'a> Validator<'a> {
+    pub fn new(krate: &'a Crate) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            krate,
+            errs: Vec::new(),
+            seen_ids: HashSet::new(),
+            todo: HashSet::new(),
+            missing_ids: HashSet::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn check_crate(&mut self) {
+        let root = &self.krate.root;
+        self.add_mod_id(root);
+        while let Some(id) = set_remove(&mut self.todo) {
+            self.seen_ids.insert(id);
+            self.check_item(id);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn check_item(&mut self, id: &'a Id) {
+        if let Some(item) = &self.krate.index.get(id) {
+            match &item.inner {
+                ItemEnum::Import(x) => self.check_import(x),
+                ItemEnum::Union(x) => self.check_union(x),
+                ItemEnum::Struct(x) => self.check_struct(x),
+                ItemEnum::StructField(x) => self.check_struct_field(x),
+                ItemEnum::Enum(x) => self.check_enum(x),
+                ItemEnum::Variant(x) => self.check_variant(x, id),
+                ItemEnum::Function(x) => self.check_function(x),
+                ItemEnum::Trait(x) => self.check_trait(x),
+                ItemEnum::TraitAlias(x) => self.check_trait_alias(x),
+                ItemEnum::Method(x) => self.check_method(x),
+                ItemEnum::Impl(x) => self.check_impl(x),
+                ItemEnum::Typedef(x) => self.check_typedef(x),
+                ItemEnum::OpaqueTy(x) => self.check_opaque_ty(x),
+                ItemEnum::Constant(x) => self.check_constant(x),
+                ItemEnum::Static(x) => self.check_static(x),
+                ItemEnum::ForeignType => {} // nop
+                ItemEnum::Macro(x) => self.check_macro(x),
+                ItemEnum::ProcMacro(x) => self.check_proc_macro(x),
+                ItemEnum::PrimitiveType(x) => self.check_primitive_type(x),
+                ItemEnum::Module(x) => self.check_module(x),
+                // FIXME: Why don't these have their own structs?
+                ItemEnum::ExternCrate { .. } => {}
+                ItemEnum::AssocConst { type_, default: _ } => self.check_type(type_),
+                ItemEnum::AssocType { generics, bounds, default } => {
+                    self.check_generics(generics);
+                    bounds.iter().for_each(|b| self.check_generic_bound(b));
+                    if let Some(ty) = default {
+                        self.check_type(ty);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            assert!(self.krate.paths.contains_key(id));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Core checkers
+    fn check_module(&mut self, module: &'a Module) {
+        module.items.iter().for_each(|i| self.add_mod_item_id(i));
+    }
+
+    fn check_import(&mut self, x: &'a Import) {
+        if x.glob {
+            self.add_mod_id(x.id.as_ref().unwrap());
+        } else if let Some(id) = &x.id {
+            self.add_mod_item_id(id);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn check_union(&mut self, x: &'a Union) {
+        self.check_generics(&x.generics);
+        x.fields.iter().for_each(|i| self.add_field_id(i));
+        x.impls.iter().for_each(|i| self.add_impl_id(i));
+    }
+
+    fn check_struct(&mut self, x: &'a Struct) {
+        self.check_generics(&x.generics);
+        match &x.kind {
+            StructKind::Unit => {}
+            StructKind::Tuple(fields) => fields.iter().flatten().for_each(|f| self.add_field_id(f)),
+            StructKind::Plain { fields, fields_stripped: _ } => {
+                fields.iter().for_each(|f| self.add_field_id(f))
+            }
+        }
+        x.impls.iter().for_each(|i| self.add_impl_id(i));
+    }
+
+    fn check_struct_field(&mut self, x: &'a Type) {
+        self.check_type(x);
+    }
+
+    fn check_enum(&mut self, x: &'a Enum) {
+        self.check_generics(&x.generics);
+        x.variants.iter().for_each(|i| self.add_variant_id(i));
+        x.impls.iter().for_each(|i| self.add_impl_id(i));
+    }
+
+    fn check_variant(&mut self, x: &'a Variant, id: &'a Id) {
+        match x {
+            Variant::Plain(discr) => {
+                if let Some(discr) = discr {
+                    if let (Err(_), Err(_)) =
+                        (discr.value.parse::<i128>(), discr.value.parse::<u128>())
+                    {
+                        self.fail(
+                            id,
+                            ErrorKind::Custom(format!(
+                                "Failed to parse discriminant value `{}`",
+                                discr.value
+                            )),
+                        );
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            Variant::Tuple(tys) => tys.iter().flatten().for_each(|t| self.add_field_id(t)),
+            Variant::Struct { fields, fields_stripped: _ } => {
+                fields.iter().for_each(|f| self.add_field_id(f))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn check_function(&mut self, x: &'a Function) {
+        self.check_generics(&x.generics);
+        self.check_fn_decl(&x.decl);
+    }
+
+    fn check_trait(&mut self, x: &'a Trait) {
+        self.check_generics(&x.generics);
+        x.items.iter().for_each(|i| self.add_trait_item_id(i));
+        x.bounds.iter().for_each(|i| self.check_generic_bound(i));
+        x.implementations.iter().for_each(|i| self.add_impl_id(i));
+    }
+
+    fn check_trait_alias(&mut self, x: &'a TraitAlias) {
+        self.check_generics(&x.generics);
+        x.params.iter().for_each(|i| self.check_generic_bound(i));
+    }
+
+    fn check_method(&mut self, x: &'a Method) {
+        self.check_fn_decl(&x.decl);
+        self.check_generics(&x.generics);
+    }
+
+    fn check_impl(&mut self, x: &'a Impl) {
+        self.check_generics(&x.generics);
+        if let Some(path) = &x.trait_ {
+            self.check_path(path, PathKind::Trait);
+        }
+        self.check_type(&x.for_);
+        x.items.iter().for_each(|i| self.add_trait_item_id(i));
+        if let Some(blanket_impl) = &x.blanket_impl {
+            self.check_type(blanket_impl)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn check_typedef(&mut self, x: &'a Typedef) {
+        self.check_generics(&x.generics);
+        self.check_type(&x.type_);
+    }
+
+    fn check_opaque_ty(&mut self, x: &'a OpaqueTy) {
+        x.bounds.iter().for_each(|b| self.check_generic_bound(b));
+        self.check_generics(&x.generics);
+    }
+
+    fn check_constant(&mut self, x: &'a Constant) {
+        self.check_type(&x.type_);
+    }
+
+    fn check_static(&mut self, x: &'a Static) {
+        self.check_type(&x.type_);
+    }
+
+    fn check_macro(&mut self, _: &'a str) {
+        // nop
+    }
+
+    fn check_proc_macro(&mut self, _: &'a ProcMacro) {
+        // nop
+    }
+
+    fn check_primitive_type(&mut self, _: &'a str) {
+        // nop
+    }
+
+    fn check_generics(&mut self, x: &'a Generics) {
+        x.params.iter().for_each(|p| self.check_generic_param_def(p));
+        x.where_predicates.iter().for_each(|w| self.check_where_predicate(w));
+    }
+
+    fn check_type(&mut self, x: &'a Type) {
+        match x {
+            Type::ResolvedPath(path) => self.check_path(path, PathKind::StructEnumUnion),
+            Type::DynTrait(dyn_trait) => self.check_dyn_trait(dyn_trait),
+            Type::Generic(_) => {}
+            Type::Primitive(_) => {}
+            Type::FunctionPointer(fp) => self.check_function_pointer(&**fp),
+            Type::Tuple(tys) => tys.iter().for_each(|ty| self.check_type(ty)),
+            Type::Slice(inner) => self.check_type(&**inner),
+            Type::Array { type_, len: _ } => self.check_type(&**type_),
+            Type::ImplTrait(bounds) => bounds.iter().for_each(|b| self.check_generic_bound(b)),
+            Type::Infer => {}
+            Type::RawPointer { mutable: _, type_ } => self.check_type(&**type_),
+            Type::BorrowedRef { lifetime: _, mutable: _, type_ } => self.check_type(&**type_),
+            Type::QualifiedPath { name: _, args, self_type, trait_ } => {
+                self.check_generic_args(&**args);
+                self.check_type(&**self_type);
+                self.check_path(trait_, PathKind::Trait);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn check_fn_decl(&mut self, x: &'a FnDecl) {
+        x.inputs.iter().for_each(|(_name, ty)| self.check_type(ty));
+        if let Some(output) = &x.output {
+            self.check_type(output);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn check_generic_bound(&mut self, x: &'a GenericBound) {
+        match x {
+            GenericBound::TraitBound { trait_, generic_params, modifier: _ } => {
+                self.check_path(trait_, PathKind::Trait);
+                generic_params.iter().for_each(|gpd| self.check_generic_param_def(gpd));
+            }
+            GenericBound::Outlives(_) => {}
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn check_path(&mut self, x: &'a Path, kind: PathKind) {
+        match kind {
+            PathKind::Trait => self.add_trait_id(&x.id),
+            PathKind::StructEnumUnion => self.add_struct_enum_union_id(&x.id),
+        }
+        if let Some(args) = &x.args {
+            self.check_generic_args(&**args);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn check_generic_args(&mut self, x: &'a GenericArgs) {
+        match x {
+            GenericArgs::AngleBracketed { args, bindings } => {
+                args.iter().for_each(|arg| self.check_generic_arg(arg));
+                bindings.iter().for_each(|bind| self.check_type_binding(bind));
+            }
+            GenericArgs::Parenthesized { inputs, output } => {
+                inputs.iter().for_each(|ty| self.check_type(ty));
+                if let Some(o) = output {
+                    self.check_type(o);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn check_generic_param_def(&mut self, gpd: &'a GenericParamDef) {
+        match &gpd.kind {
+            rustdoc_json_types::GenericParamDefKind::Lifetime { outlives: _ } => {}
+            rustdoc_json_types::GenericParamDefKind::Type { bounds, default, synthetic: _ } => {
+                bounds.iter().for_each(|b| self.check_generic_bound(b));
+                if let Some(ty) = default {
+                    self.check_type(ty);
+                }
+            }
+            rustdoc_json_types::GenericParamDefKind::Const { type_, default: _ } => {
+                self.check_type(type_)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn check_generic_arg(&mut self, arg: &'a GenericArg) {
+        match arg {
+            GenericArg::Lifetime(_) => {}
+            GenericArg::Type(ty) => self.check_type(ty),
+            GenericArg::Const(c) => self.check_constant(c),
+            GenericArg::Infer => {}
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn check_type_binding(&mut self, bind: &'a TypeBinding) {
+        self.check_generic_args(&bind.args);
+        match &bind.binding {
+            TypeBindingKind::Equality(term) => self.check_term(term),
+            TypeBindingKind::Constraint(bounds) => {
+                bounds.iter().for_each(|b| self.check_generic_bound(b))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn check_term(&mut self, term: &'a Term) {
+        match term {
+            Term::Type(ty) => self.check_type(ty),
+            Term::Constant(con) => self.check_constant(con),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn check_where_predicate(&mut self, w: &'a WherePredicate) {
+        match w {
+            WherePredicate::BoundPredicate { type_, bounds, generic_params } => {
+                self.check_type(type_);
+                bounds.iter().for_each(|b| self.check_generic_bound(b));
+                generic_params.iter().for_each(|gpd| self.check_generic_param_def(gpd));
+            }
+            WherePredicate::RegionPredicate { lifetime: _, bounds } => {
+                bounds.iter().for_each(|b| self.check_generic_bound(b));
+            }
+            WherePredicate::EqPredicate { lhs, rhs } => {
+                self.check_type(lhs);
+                self.check_term(rhs);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn check_dyn_trait(&mut self, dyn_trait: &'a DynTrait) {
+        for pt in &dyn_trait.traits {
+            self.check_path(&pt.trait_, PathKind::Trait);
+            pt.generic_params.iter().for_each(|gpd| self.check_generic_param_def(gpd));
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn check_function_pointer(&mut self, fp: &'a FunctionPointer) {
+        self.check_fn_decl(&fp.decl);
+        fp.generic_params.iter().for_each(|gpd| self.check_generic_param_def(gpd));
+    }
+
+    fn add_id_checked(&mut self, id: &'a Id, valid: fn(Kind) -> bool, expected: &str) {
+        if let Some(kind) = self.kind_of(id) {
+            if valid(kind) {
+                if !self.seen_ids.contains(id) {
+                    self.todo.insert(id);
+                }
+            } else {
+                self.fail_expecting(id, expected);
+            }
+        } else {
+            if !self.missing_ids.contains(id) {
+                self.missing_ids.insert(id);
+                self.fail(id, ErrorKind::NotFound)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn add_field_id(&mut self, id: &'a Id) {
+        self.add_id_checked(id, Kind::is_struct_field, "StructField");
+    }
+
+    fn add_mod_id(&mut self, id: &'a Id) {
+        self.add_id_checked(id, Kind::is_module, "Module");
+    }
+    fn add_impl_id(&mut self, id: &'a Id) {
+        self.add_id_checked(id, Kind::is_impl, "Impl");
+    }
+
+    fn add_variant_id(&mut self, id: &'a Id) {
+        self.add_id_checked(id, Kind::is_variant, "Variant");
+    }
+
+    fn add_trait_id(&mut self, id: &'a Id) {
+        self.add_id_checked(id, Kind::is_trait, "Trait");
+    }
+
+    fn add_struct_enum_union_id(&mut self, id: &'a Id) {
+        self.add_id_checked(id, Kind::is_struct_enum_union, "Struct or Enum or Union");
+    }
+
+    /// Add an Id that appeared in a trait
+    fn add_trait_item_id(&mut self, id: &'a Id) {
+        self.add_id_checked(id, Kind::can_appear_in_trait, "Trait inner item");
+    }
+
+    /// Add an Id that appeared in a mod
+    fn add_mod_item_id(&mut self, id: &'a Id) {
+        self.add_id_checked(id, Kind::can_appear_in_mod, "Module inner item")
+    }
+
+    fn fail_expecting(&mut self, id: &Id, expected: &str) {
+        let kind = self.kind_of(id).unwrap(); // We know it has a kind, as it's wrong.
+        self.fail(id, ErrorKind::Custom(format!("Expected {expected} but found {kind:?}")));
+    }
+
+    fn fail(&mut self, id: &Id, kind: ErrorKind) {
+        self.errs.push(Error { id: id.clone(), kind });
+    }
+
+    fn kind_of(&mut self, id: &Id) -> Option<Kind> {
+        if let Some(item) = self.krate.index.get(id) {
+            Some(Kind::from_item(item))
+        } else if let Some(summary) = self.krate.paths.get(id) {
+            Some(Kind::from_summary(summary))
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn set_remove<T: Hash + Eq + Clone>(set: &mut HashSet<T>) -> Option<T> {
+    if let Some(id) = set.iter().next() {
+        let id = id.clone();
+        set.take(&id)
+    } else {
+        None
+    }
+}
diff --git a/triagebot.toml b/triagebot.toml
index 4b2dcc246e4..12a55fda7ef 100644
--- a/triagebot.toml
+++ b/triagebot.toml
@@ -130,8 +130,8 @@ trigger_files = [
 
     # Internal tooling
     "src/etc/htmldocck.py",
-    "src/etc/check_missing_items.py",
     "src/tools/jsondocck",
+    "src/tools/jsondoclint",
     "src/tools/rustdoc-gui",
     "src/tools/rustdoc-js",
     "src/tools/rustdoc-themes",
@@ -142,11 +142,11 @@ exclude_labels = [
 
 [autolabel."A-rustdoc-json"]
 trigger_files = [
-    "src/etc/check_missing_items.py",
     "src/librustdoc/json/",
     "src/rustdoc-json-types",
     "src/test/rustdoc-json",
     "src/tools/jsondocck",
+    "src/tools/jsondoclint",
 ]
 
 [autolabel."T-compiler"]