Add note to resolve error about generics from inside static/const

11 files changed, 98 insertions, 32 deletions

diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_resolve/messages.ftl
index 3f8df16e03f..1947107235b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/messages.ftl
@@ -119,12 +119,16 @@ resolve_generic_params_from_outer_item =
     .refer_to_type_directly = refer to the type directly here instead
     .suggestion = try introducing a local generic parameter here
 
+resolve_generic_params_from_outer_item_const = a `const` is a separate item from the item that contains it
+
 resolve_generic_params_from_outer_item_const_param = const parameter from outer item
 
 resolve_generic_params_from_outer_item_self_ty_alias = `Self` type implicitly declared here, by this `impl`
 
 resolve_generic_params_from_outer_item_self_ty_param = can't use `Self` here
 
+resolve_generic_params_from_outer_item_static = a `static` is a separate item from the item that contains it
+
 resolve_generic_params_from_outer_item_ty_param = type parameter from outer item
 
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/diagnostics.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/diagnostics.rs
index 0d744238eeb..46da5b9d2e4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/diagnostics.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/diagnostics.rs
@@ -561,13 +561,19 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
         resolution_error: ResolutionError<'a>,
     ) -> DiagnosticBuilder<'_> {
         match resolution_error {
-            ResolutionError::GenericParamsFromOuterItem(outer_res, has_generic_params) => {
+            ResolutionError::GenericParamsFromOuterItem(outer_res, has_generic_params, def_kind) => {
                 use errs::GenericParamsFromOuterItemLabel as Label;
+                let static_or_const = match def_kind {
+                    DefKind::Static(_) => Some(errs::GenericParamsFromOuterItemStaticOrConst::Static),
+                    DefKind::Const => Some(errs::GenericParamsFromOuterItemStaticOrConst::Const),
+                    _ => None,
+                };
                 let mut err = errs::GenericParamsFromOuterItem {
                     span,
                     label: None,
                     refer_to_type_directly: None,
                     sugg: None,
+                    static_or_const,
                 };
 
                 let sm = self.tcx.sess.source_map();
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/errors.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/errors.rs
index 1fdb193e571..bd00cab66b0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/errors.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/errors.rs
@@ -44,6 +44,16 @@ pub(crate) struct GenericParamsFromOuterItem {
     pub(crate) refer_to_type_directly: Option<Span>,
     #[subdiagnostic]
     pub(crate) sugg: Option<GenericParamsFromOuterItemSugg>,
+    #[subdiagnostic]
+    pub(crate) static_or_const: Option<GenericParamsFromOuterItemStaticOrConst>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Subdiagnostic)]
+pub(crate) enum GenericParamsFromOuterItemStaticOrConst {
+    #[note(resolve_generic_params_from_outer_item_static)]
+    Static,
+    #[note(resolve_generic_params_from_outer_item_const)]
+    Const,
 }
 
 #[derive(Subdiagnostic)]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/ident.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/ident.rs
index 3a31addb109..2770f3fa5a4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/ident.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/ident.rs
@@ -10,9 +10,7 @@ use rustc_span::symbol::{kw, Ident};
 use rustc_span::Span;
 
 use crate::errors::{ParamKindInEnumDiscriminant, ParamKindInNonTrivialAnonConst};
-use crate::late::{
-    ConstantHasGenerics, HasGenericParams, NoConstantGenericsReason, PathSource, Rib, RibKind,
-};
+use crate::late::{ConstantHasGenerics, NoConstantGenericsReason, PathSource, Rib, RibKind};
 use crate::macros::{sub_namespace_match, MacroRulesScope};
 use crate::BindingKey;
 use crate::{errors, AmbiguityError, AmbiguityErrorMisc, AmbiguityKind, Determinacy, Finalize};
@@ -1090,7 +1088,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
                         | RibKind::ForwardGenericParamBan => {
                             // Nothing to do. Continue.
                         }
-                        RibKind::Item(_) | RibKind::AssocItem => {
+                        RibKind::Item(..) | RibKind::AssocItem => {
                             // This was an attempt to access an upvar inside a
                             // named function item. This is not allowed, so we
                             // report an error.
@@ -1155,7 +1153,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
             }
             Res::Def(DefKind::TyParam, _) | Res::SelfTyParam { .. } | Res::SelfTyAlias { .. } => {
                 for rib in ribs {
-                    let has_generic_params: HasGenericParams = match rib.kind {
+                    let (has_generic_params, def_kind) = match rib.kind {
                         RibKind::Normal
                         | RibKind::FnOrCoroutine
                         | RibKind::Module(..)
@@ -1213,7 +1211,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
                         }
 
                         // This was an attempt to use a type parameter outside its scope.
-                        RibKind::Item(has_generic_params) => has_generic_params,
+                        RibKind::Item(has_generic_params, def_kind) => {
+                            (has_generic_params, def_kind)
+                        }
                         RibKind::ConstParamTy => {
                             if let Some(span) = finalize {
                                 self.report_error(
@@ -1231,7 +1231,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
                     if let Some(span) = finalize {
                         self.report_error(
                             span,
-                            ResolutionError::GenericParamsFromOuterItem(res, has_generic_params),
+                            ResolutionError::GenericParamsFromOuterItem(
+                                res,
+                                has_generic_params,
+                                def_kind,
+                            ),
                         );
                     }
                     return Res::Err;
@@ -1239,7 +1243,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
             }
             Res::Def(DefKind::ConstParam, _) => {
                 for rib in ribs {
-                    let has_generic_params = match rib.kind {
+                    let (has_generic_params, def_kind) = match rib.kind {
                         RibKind::Normal
                         | RibKind::FnOrCoroutine
                         | RibKind::Module(..)
@@ -1276,7 +1280,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
                             continue;
                         }
 
-                        RibKind::Item(has_generic_params) => has_generic_params,
+                        RibKind::Item(has_generic_params, def_kind) => {
+                            (has_generic_params, def_kind)
+                        }
                         RibKind::ConstParamTy => {
                             if let Some(span) = finalize {
                                 self.report_error(
@@ -1295,7 +1301,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
                     if let Some(span) = finalize {
                         self.report_error(
                             span,
-                            ResolutionError::GenericParamsFromOuterItem(res, has_generic_params),
+                            ResolutionError::GenericParamsFromOuterItem(
+                                res,
+                                has_generic_params,
+                                def_kind,
+                            ),
                         );
                     }
                     return Res::Err;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late.rs
index b9e603a4992..e54f8bafefc 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late.rs
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ pub(crate) enum RibKind<'a> {
     FnOrCoroutine,
 
     /// We passed through an item scope. Disallow upvars.
-    Item(HasGenericParams),
+    Item(HasGenericParams, DefKind),
 
     /// We're in a constant item. Can't refer to dynamic stuff.
     ///
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ impl RibKind<'_> {
             | RibKind::MacroDefinition(_)
             | RibKind::ConstParamTy
             | RibKind::InlineAsmSym => false,
-            RibKind::AssocItem | RibKind::Item(_) | RibKind::ForwardGenericParamBan => true,
+            RibKind::AssocItem | RibKind::Item(..) | RibKind::ForwardGenericParamBan => true,
         }
     }
 
@@ -866,11 +866,12 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'ast, 'tcx> Visitor<'ast> for LateResolutionVisitor<'a, '_, 'ast,
     }
     fn visit_foreign_item(&mut self, foreign_item: &'ast ForeignItem) {
         self.resolve_doc_links(&foreign_item.attrs, MaybeExported::Ok(foreign_item.id));
+        let def_kind = self.r.local_def_kind(foreign_item.id);
         match foreign_item.kind {
             ForeignItemKind::TyAlias(box TyAlias { ref generics, .. }) => {
                 self.with_generic_param_rib(
                     &generics.params,
-                    RibKind::Item(HasGenericParams::Yes(generics.span)),
+                    RibKind::Item(HasGenericParams::Yes(generics.span), def_kind),
                     LifetimeRibKind::Generics {
                         binder: foreign_item.id,
                         kind: LifetimeBinderKind::Item,
@@ -882,7 +883,7 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'ast, 'tcx> Visitor<'ast> for LateResolutionVisitor<'a, '_, 'ast,
             ForeignItemKind::Fn(box Fn { ref generics, .. }) => {
                 self.with_generic_param_rib(
                     &generics.params,
-                    RibKind::Item(HasGenericParams::Yes(generics.span)),
+                    RibKind::Item(HasGenericParams::Yes(generics.span), def_kind),
                     LifetimeRibKind::Generics {
                         binder: foreign_item.id,
                         kind: LifetimeBinderKind::Function,
@@ -892,7 +893,7 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'ast, 'tcx> Visitor<'ast> for LateResolutionVisitor<'a, '_, 'ast,
                 );
             }
             ForeignItemKind::Static(..) => {
-                self.with_static_rib(|this| {
+                self.with_static_rib(def_kind, |this| {
                     visit::walk_foreign_item(this, foreign_item);
                 });
             }
@@ -2268,10 +2269,11 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'b, 'ast, 'tcx> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, 'b, 'ast, 'tcx> {
 
     fn resolve_adt(&mut self, item: &'ast Item, generics: &'ast Generics) {
         debug!("resolve_adt");
+        let kind = self.r.local_def_kind(item.id);
         self.with_current_self_item(item, |this| {
             this.with_generic_param_rib(
                 &generics.params,
-                RibKind::Item(HasGenericParams::Yes(generics.span)),
+                RibKind::Item(HasGenericParams::Yes(generics.span), kind),
                 LifetimeRibKind::Generics {
                     binder: item.id,
                     kind: LifetimeBinderKind::Item,
@@ -2345,11 +2347,12 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'b, 'ast, 'tcx> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, 'b, 'ast, 'tcx> {
         let name = item.ident.name;
         debug!("(resolving item) resolving {} ({:?})", name, item.kind);
 
+        let def_kind = self.r.local_def_kind(item.id);
         match item.kind {
             ItemKind::TyAlias(box TyAlias { ref generics, .. }) => {
                 self.with_generic_param_rib(
                     &generics.params,
-                    RibKind::Item(HasGenericParams::Yes(generics.span)),
+                    RibKind::Item(HasGenericParams::Yes(generics.span), def_kind),
                     LifetimeRibKind::Generics {
                         binder: item.id,
                         kind: LifetimeBinderKind::Item,
@@ -2362,7 +2365,7 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'b, 'ast, 'tcx> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, 'b, 'ast, 'tcx> {
             ItemKind::Fn(box Fn { ref generics, .. }) => {
                 self.with_generic_param_rib(
                     &generics.params,
-                    RibKind::Item(HasGenericParams::Yes(generics.span)),
+                    RibKind::Item(HasGenericParams::Yes(generics.span), def_kind),
                     LifetimeRibKind::Generics {
                         binder: item.id,
                         kind: LifetimeBinderKind::Function,
@@ -2401,7 +2404,7 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'b, 'ast, 'tcx> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, 'b, 'ast, 'tcx> {
                 // Create a new rib for the trait-wide type parameters.
                 self.with_generic_param_rib(
                     &generics.params,
-                    RibKind::Item(HasGenericParams::Yes(generics.span)),
+                    RibKind::Item(HasGenericParams::Yes(generics.span), def_kind),
                     LifetimeRibKind::Generics {
                         binder: item.id,
                         kind: LifetimeBinderKind::Item,
@@ -2422,7 +2425,7 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'b, 'ast, 'tcx> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, 'b, 'ast, 'tcx> {
                 // Create a new rib for the trait-wide type parameters.
                 self.with_generic_param_rib(
                     &generics.params,
-                    RibKind::Item(HasGenericParams::Yes(generics.span)),
+                    RibKind::Item(HasGenericParams::Yes(generics.span), def_kind),
                     LifetimeRibKind::Generics {
                         binder: item.id,
                         kind: LifetimeBinderKind::Item,
@@ -2456,7 +2459,7 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'b, 'ast, 'tcx> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, 'b, 'ast, 'tcx> {
             }
 
             ItemKind::Static(box ast::StaticItem { ref ty, ref expr, .. }) => {
-                self.with_static_rib(|this| {
+                self.with_static_rib(def_kind, |this| {
                     this.with_lifetime_rib(LifetimeRibKind::Elided(LifetimeRes::Static), |this| {
                         this.visit_ty(ty);
                     });
@@ -2471,11 +2474,14 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'b, 'ast, 'tcx> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, 'b, 'ast, 'tcx> {
             ItemKind::Const(box ast::ConstItem { ref generics, ref ty, ref expr, .. }) => {
                 self.with_generic_param_rib(
                     &generics.params,
-                    RibKind::Item(if self.r.tcx.features().generic_const_items {
-                        HasGenericParams::Yes(generics.span)
-                    } else {
-                        HasGenericParams::No
-                    }),
+                    RibKind::Item(
+                        if self.r.tcx.features().generic_const_items {
+                            HasGenericParams::Yes(generics.span)
+                        } else {
+                            HasGenericParams::No
+                        },
+                        def_kind,
+                    ),
                     LifetimeRibKind::Generics {
                         binder: item.id,
                         kind: LifetimeBinderKind::ConstItem,
@@ -2560,7 +2566,7 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'b, 'ast, 'tcx> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, 'b, 'ast, 'tcx> {
             let mut add_bindings_for_ns = |ns| {
                 let parent_rib = self.ribs[ns]
                     .iter()
-                    .rfind(|r| matches!(r.kind, RibKind::Item(_)))
+                    .rfind(|r| matches!(r.kind, RibKind::Item(..)))
                     .expect("associated item outside of an item");
                 seen_bindings.extend(parent_rib.bindings.keys().map(|ident| (*ident, ident.span)));
             };
@@ -2695,8 +2701,8 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'b, 'ast, 'tcx> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, 'b, 'ast, 'tcx> {
         self.label_ribs.pop();
     }
 
-    fn with_static_rib(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self)) {
-        let kind = RibKind::Item(HasGenericParams::No);
+    fn with_static_rib(&mut self, def_kind: DefKind, f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self)) {
+        let kind = RibKind::Item(HasGenericParams::No, def_kind);
         self.with_rib(ValueNS, kind, |this| this.with_rib(TypeNS, kind, f))
     }
 
@@ -2877,7 +2883,7 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'b, 'ast, 'tcx> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, 'b, 'ast, 'tcx> {
         // If applicable, create a rib for the type parameters.
         self.with_generic_param_rib(
             &generics.params,
-            RibKind::Item(HasGenericParams::Yes(generics.span)),
+            RibKind::Item(HasGenericParams::Yes(generics.span), self.r.local_def_kind(item_id)),
             LifetimeRibKind::Generics {
                 span: generics.span,
                 binder: item_id,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/lib.rs
index 0adea65ee58..1ab350d3bd8 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/lib.rs
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ struct BindingError {
 #[derive(Debug)]
 enum ResolutionError<'a> {
     /// Error E0401: can't use type or const parameters from outer item.
-    GenericParamsFromOuterItem(Res, HasGenericParams),
+    GenericParamsFromOuterItem(Res, HasGenericParams, DefKind),
     /// Error E0403: the name is already used for a type or const parameter in this generic
     /// parameter list.
     NameAlreadyUsedInParameterList(Symbol, Span),
@@ -1207,6 +1207,10 @@ impl<'tcx> Resolver<'_, 'tcx> {
         self.opt_local_def_id(node).unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("no entry for node id: `{node:?}`"))
     }
 
+    fn local_def_kind(&self, node: NodeId) -> DefKind {
+        self.tcx.def_kind(self.local_def_id(node))
+    }
+
     /// Adds a definition with a parent definition.
     fn create_def(
         &mut self,
diff --git a/tests/ui/inner-static-type-parameter.stderr b/tests/ui/inner-static-type-parameter.stderr
index ff6558e494b..b4c435e98ce 100644
--- a/tests/ui/inner-static-type-parameter.stderr
+++ b/tests/ui/inner-static-type-parameter.stderr
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ LL | fn foo<T>() {
    |        - type parameter from outer item
 LL |     static a: Bar<T> = Bar::What;
    |                   ^ use of generic parameter from outer item
+   |
+   = note: a `static` is a separate item from the item that contains it
 
 error[E0392]: parameter `T` is never used
   --> $DIR/inner-static-type-parameter.rs:3:10
diff --git a/tests/ui/resolve/generic-params-from-outer-item-in-const-item.default.stderr b/tests/ui/resolve/generic-params-from-outer-item-in-const-item.default.stderr
index 4f853829279..fbb9ede8aa1 100644
--- a/tests/ui/resolve/generic-params-from-outer-item-in-const-item.default.stderr
+++ b/tests/ui/resolve/generic-params-from-outer-item-in-const-item.default.stderr
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ LL | fn outer<T: Tr>() { // outer function
    |          - type parameter from outer item
 LL |     const K: u32 = T::C;
    |                    ^^^^ use of generic parameter from outer item
+   |
+   = note: a `const` is a separate item from the item that contains it
 
 error[E0401]: can't use generic parameters from outer item
   --> $DIR/generic-params-from-outer-item-in-const-item.rs:19:24
@@ -14,6 +16,8 @@ LL | impl<T> Tr for T { // outer impl block
 LL |     const C: u32 = {
 LL |         const I: u32 = T::C;
    |                        ^^^^ use of generic parameter from outer item
+   |
+   = note: a `const` is a separate item from the item that contains it
 
 error[E0401]: can't use generic parameters from outer item
   --> $DIR/generic-params-from-outer-item-in-const-item.rs:27:20
@@ -22,6 +26,8 @@ LL | struct S<T: Tr>(U32<{ // outer struct
    |          - type parameter from outer item
 LL |     const _: u32 = T::C;
    |                    ^^^^ use of generic parameter from outer item
+   |
+   = note: a `const` is a separate item from the item that contains it
 
 error: aborting due to 3 previous errors
 
diff --git a/tests/ui/resolve/generic-params-from-outer-item-in-const-item.generic_const_items.stderr b/tests/ui/resolve/generic-params-from-outer-item-in-const-item.generic_const_items.stderr
index 1cb55842bc6..60aa94038c3 100644
--- a/tests/ui/resolve/generic-params-from-outer-item-in-const-item.generic_const_items.stderr
+++ b/tests/ui/resolve/generic-params-from-outer-item-in-const-item.generic_const_items.stderr
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ LL |     const K: u32 = T::C;
    |            -       ^^^^ use of generic parameter from outer item
    |            |
    |            help: try introducing a local generic parameter here: `<T>`
+   |
+   = note: a `const` is a separate item from the item that contains it
 
 error[E0401]: can't use generic parameters from outer item
   --> $DIR/generic-params-from-outer-item-in-const-item.rs:19:24
@@ -18,6 +20,8 @@ LL |         const I: u32 = T::C;
    |                -       ^^^^ use of generic parameter from outer item
    |                |
    |                help: try introducing a local generic parameter here: `<T>`
+   |
+   = note: a `const` is a separate item from the item that contains it
 
 error[E0401]: can't use generic parameters from outer item
   --> $DIR/generic-params-from-outer-item-in-const-item.rs:27:20
@@ -28,6 +32,8 @@ LL |     const _: u32 = T::C;
    |            -       ^^^^ use of generic parameter from outer item
    |            |
    |            help: try introducing a local generic parameter here: `<T>`
+   |
+   = note: a `const` is a separate item from the item that contains it
 
 error: aborting due to 3 previous errors
 
diff --git a/tests/ui/resolve/issue-65025-extern-static-parent-generics.stderr b/tests/ui/resolve/issue-65025-extern-static-parent-generics.stderr
index 363bb556478..ca32147d197 100644
--- a/tests/ui/resolve/issue-65025-extern-static-parent-generics.stderr
+++ b/tests/ui/resolve/issue-65025-extern-static-parent-generics.stderr
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ LL | unsafe fn foo<A>() {
 LL |     extern "C" {
 LL |         static baz: *const A;
    |                            ^ use of generic parameter from outer item
+   |
+   = note: a `static` is a separate item from the item that contains it
 
 error: aborting due to 1 previous error
 
diff --git a/tests/ui/resolve/issue-65035-static-with-parent-generics.stderr b/tests/ui/resolve/issue-65035-static-with-parent-generics.stderr
index f1fe1a6002c..98ffb4567f1 100644
--- a/tests/ui/resolve/issue-65035-static-with-parent-generics.stderr
+++ b/tests/ui/resolve/issue-65035-static-with-parent-generics.stderr
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ LL | fn f<T>() {
 LL |     extern "C" {
 LL |         static a: *const T;
    |                          ^ use of generic parameter from outer item
+   |
+   = note: a `static` is a separate item from the item that contains it
 
 error[E0401]: can't use generic parameters from outer item
   --> $DIR/issue-65035-static-with-parent-generics.rs:9:22
@@ -14,6 +16,8 @@ LL | fn g<T: Default>() {
    |      - type parameter from outer item
 LL |     static a: *const T = Default::default();
    |                      ^ use of generic parameter from outer item
+   |
+   = note: a `static` is a separate item from the item that contains it
 
 error[E0401]: can't use generic parameters from outer item
   --> $DIR/issue-65035-static-with-parent-generics.rs:15:24
@@ -23,6 +27,8 @@ LL | fn h<const N: usize>() {
 LL |     extern "C" {
 LL |         static a: [u8; N];
    |                        ^ use of generic parameter from outer item
+   |
+   = note: a `static` is a separate item from the item that contains it
 
 error[E0401]: can't use generic parameters from outer item
   --> $DIR/issue-65035-static-with-parent-generics.rs:21:20
@@ -31,6 +37,8 @@ LL | fn i<const N: usize>() {
    |            - const parameter from outer item
 LL |     static a: [u8; N] = [0; N];
    |                    ^ use of generic parameter from outer item
+   |
+   = note: a `static` is a separate item from the item that contains it
 
 error[E0401]: can't use generic parameters from outer item
   --> $DIR/issue-65035-static-with-parent-generics.rs:21:29
@@ -39,6 +47,8 @@ LL | fn i<const N: usize>() {
    |            - const parameter from outer item
 LL |     static a: [u8; N] = [0; N];
    |                             ^ use of generic parameter from outer item
+   |
+   = note: a `static` is a separate item from the item that contains it
 
 error: aborting due to 5 previous errors