internal: use consistent style for error handling

22 files changed, 128 insertions, 134 deletions

diff --git a/crates/paths/src/lib.rs b/crates/paths/src/lib.rs
index e0c20a4143b..88b8d0aee3a 100644
--- a/crates/paths/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/paths/src/lib.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 use std::{
     borrow::Borrow,
     ffi::OsStr,
-    ops,
+    fmt, ops,
     path::{Component, Path, PathBuf},
 };
 
@@ -95,6 +95,12 @@ impl AbsPathBuf {
     }
 }
 
+impl fmt::Display for AbsPathBuf {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        fmt::Display::fmt(&self.0.display(), f)
+    }
+}
+
 /// Wrapper around an absolute [`Path`].
 #[derive(Debug, Ord, PartialOrd, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
 #[repr(transparent)]
@@ -217,6 +223,7 @@ impl AbsPath {
     pub fn as_os_str(&self) -> &OsStr {
         self.0.as_os_str()
     }
+    #[deprecated(note = "use Display instead")]
     pub fn display(&self) -> std::path::Display<'_> {
         self.0.display()
     }
@@ -227,6 +234,12 @@ impl AbsPath {
     // endregion:delegate-methods
 }
 
+impl fmt::Display for AbsPath {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        fmt::Display::fmt(&self.0.display(), f)
+    }
+}
+
 /// Wrapper around a relative [`PathBuf`].
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Ord, PartialOrd, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
 pub struct RelPathBuf(PathBuf);
diff --git a/crates/project-model/src/build_scripts.rs b/crates/project-model/src/build_scripts.rs
index 6cbf403cb2e..fb0f3ab7d17 100644
--- a/crates/project-model/src/build_scripts.rs
+++ b/crates/project-model/src/build_scripts.rs
@@ -225,9 +225,8 @@ impl WorkspaceBuildScripts {
                     let package_build_data = &mut res[idx].outputs[package];
                     if !package_build_data.is_unchanged() {
                         tracing::info!(
-                            "{}: {:?}",
-                            workspace[package].manifest.parent().display(),
-                            package_build_data,
+                            "{}: {package_build_data:?}",
+                            workspace[package].manifest.parent(),
                         );
                     }
                 }
@@ -270,9 +269,8 @@ impl WorkspaceBuildScripts {
                 let package_build_data = &outputs[package];
                 if !package_build_data.is_unchanged() {
                     tracing::info!(
-                        "{}: {:?}",
-                        workspace[package].manifest.parent().display(),
-                        package_build_data,
+                        "{}: {package_build_data:?}",
+                        workspace[package].manifest.parent(),
                     );
                 }
             }
@@ -424,7 +422,7 @@ impl WorkspaceBuildScripts {
 
             let target_libdir = AbsPathBuf::try_from(PathBuf::from(target_libdir))
                 .map_err(|_| anyhow::format_err!("target-libdir was not an absolute path"))?;
-            tracing::info!("Loading rustc proc-macro paths from {}", target_libdir.display());
+            tracing::info!("Loading rustc proc-macro paths from {target_libdir}");
 
             let proc_macro_dylibs: Vec<(String, AbsPathBuf)> = std::fs::read_dir(target_libdir)?
                 .filter_map(|entry| {
@@ -458,9 +456,8 @@ impl WorkspaceBuildScripts {
                     let package_build_data = &bs.outputs[package];
                     if !package_build_data.is_unchanged() {
                         tracing::info!(
-                            "{}: {:?}",
-                            rustc[package].manifest.parent().display(),
-                            package_build_data,
+                            "{}: {package_build_data:?}",
+                            rustc[package].manifest.parent(),
                         );
                     }
                 }
diff --git a/crates/project-model/src/cargo_workspace.rs b/crates/project-model/src/cargo_workspace.rs
index 92b454150c3..e1117ac464b 100644
--- a/crates/project-model/src/cargo_workspace.rs
+++ b/crates/project-model/src/cargo_workspace.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use std::path::PathBuf;
 use std::str::from_utf8;
 use std::{ops, process::Command};
 
-use anyhow::{Context, Result};
+use anyhow::Context;
 use base_db::Edition;
 use cargo_metadata::{CargoOpt, MetadataCommand};
 use la_arena::{Arena, Idx};
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ impl CargoWorkspace {
         current_dir: &AbsPath,
         config: &CargoConfig,
         progress: &dyn Fn(String),
-    ) -> Result<cargo_metadata::Metadata> {
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<cargo_metadata::Metadata> {
         let targets = find_list_of_build_targets(config, cargo_toml);
 
         let mut meta = MetadataCommand::new();
diff --git a/crates/project-model/src/lib.rs b/crates/project-model/src/lib.rs
index 9685fb3f975..901dcfd2b11 100644
--- a/crates/project-model/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/project-model/src/lib.rs
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ use std::{
     process::Command,
 };
 
-use anyhow::{bail, format_err, Context, Result};
+use anyhow::{bail, format_err, Context};
 use paths::{AbsPath, AbsPathBuf};
 use rustc_hash::FxHashSet;
 
@@ -60,19 +60,19 @@ pub enum ProjectManifest {
 }
 
 impl ProjectManifest {
-    pub fn from_manifest_file(path: AbsPathBuf) -> Result<ProjectManifest> {
+    pub fn from_manifest_file(path: AbsPathBuf) -> anyhow::Result<ProjectManifest> {
         let path = ManifestPath::try_from(path)
-            .map_err(|path| format_err!("bad manifest path: {}", path.display()))?;
+            .map_err(|path| format_err!("bad manifest path: {path}"))?;
         if path.file_name().unwrap_or_default() == "rust-project.json" {
             return Ok(ProjectManifest::ProjectJson(path));
         }
         if path.file_name().unwrap_or_default() == "Cargo.toml" {
             return Ok(ProjectManifest::CargoToml(path));
         }
-        bail!("project root must point to Cargo.toml or rust-project.json: {}", path.display());
+        bail!("project root must point to Cargo.toml or rust-project.json: {path}");
     }
 
-    pub fn discover_single(path: &AbsPath) -> Result<ProjectManifest> {
+    pub fn discover_single(path: &AbsPath) -> anyhow::Result<ProjectManifest> {
         let mut candidates = ProjectManifest::discover(path)?;
         let res = match candidates.pop() {
             None => bail!("no projects"),
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ impl fmt::Display for ProjectManifest {
     }
 }
 
-fn utf8_stdout(mut cmd: Command) -> Result<String> {
+fn utf8_stdout(mut cmd: Command) -> anyhow::Result<String> {
     let output = cmd.output().with_context(|| format!("{cmd:?} failed"))?;
     if !output.status.success() {
         match String::from_utf8(output.stderr) {
diff --git a/crates/project-model/src/manifest_path.rs b/crates/project-model/src/manifest_path.rs
index 5ef2086fdad..490e1a4ea88 100644
--- a/crates/project-model/src/manifest_path.rs
+++ b/crates/project-model/src/manifest_path.rs
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ impl ManifestPath {
 
 impl fmt::Display for ManifestPath {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        fmt::Display::fmt(&self.file.display(), f)
+        fmt::Display::fmt(&self.file, f)
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/project-model/src/rustc_cfg.rs b/crates/project-model/src/rustc_cfg.rs
index 0066f6717ef..7ec6948eff0 100644
--- a/crates/project-model/src/rustc_cfg.rs
+++ b/crates/project-model/src/rustc_cfg.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 use std::process::Command;
 
-use anyhow::Result;
 use rustc_hash::FxHashMap;
 
 use crate::{cfg_flag::CfgFlag, utf8_stdout, ManifestPath};
@@ -44,7 +43,7 @@ fn get_rust_cfgs(
     cargo_toml: Option<&ManifestPath>,
     target: Option<&str>,
     extra_env: &FxHashMap<String, String>,
-) -> Result<String> {
+) -> anyhow::Result<String> {
     if let Some(cargo_toml) = cargo_toml {
         let mut cargo_config = Command::new(toolchain::cargo());
         cargo_config.envs(extra_env);
diff --git a/crates/project-model/src/sysroot.rs b/crates/project-model/src/sysroot.rs
index e3a2de927c9..da862c9e87f 100644
--- a/crates/project-model/src/sysroot.rs
+++ b/crates/project-model/src/sysroot.rs
@@ -85,9 +85,8 @@ impl Sysroot {
                 " try running `rustup component add rust-src` to possible fix this"
             };
             Some(format!(
-                "could not find libcore in loaded sysroot at `{}`{}",
-                self.src_root.as_path().display(),
-                var_note,
+                "could not find libcore in loaded sysroot at `{}`{var_note}",
+                self.src_root.as_path(),
             ))
         } else {
             None
@@ -99,7 +98,7 @@ impl Sysroot {
 impl Sysroot {
     /// Attempts to discover the toolchain's sysroot from the given `dir`.
     pub fn discover(dir: &AbsPath, extra_env: &FxHashMap<String, String>) -> Result<Sysroot> {
-        tracing::debug!("discovering sysroot for {}", dir.display());
+        tracing::debug!("discovering sysroot for {dir}");
         let sysroot_dir = discover_sysroot_dir(dir, extra_env)?;
         let sysroot_src_dir =
             discover_sysroot_src_dir_or_add_component(&sysroot_dir, dir, extra_env)?;
@@ -111,7 +110,7 @@ impl Sysroot {
         extra_env: &FxHashMap<String, String>,
         src: AbsPathBuf,
     ) -> Result<Sysroot> {
-        tracing::debug!("discovering sysroot for {}", current_dir.display());
+        tracing::debug!("discovering sysroot for {current_dir}");
         let sysroot_dir = discover_sysroot_dir(current_dir, extra_env)?;
         Ok(Sysroot::load(sysroot_dir, src))
     }
@@ -122,7 +121,7 @@ impl Sysroot {
 
     pub fn with_sysroot_dir(sysroot_dir: AbsPathBuf) -> Result<Sysroot> {
         let sysroot_src_dir = discover_sysroot_src_dir(&sysroot_dir).ok_or_else(|| {
-            format_err!("can't load standard library from sysroot path {}", sysroot_dir.display())
+            format_err!("can't load standard library from sysroot path {sysroot_dir}")
         })?;
         Ok(Sysroot::load(sysroot_dir, sysroot_src_dir))
     }
@@ -220,10 +219,10 @@ fn discover_sysroot_src_dir(sysroot_path: &AbsPathBuf) -> Option<AbsPathBuf> {
         if let Ok(path) = AbsPathBuf::try_from(path.as_str()) {
             let core = path.join("core");
             if fs::metadata(&core).is_ok() {
-                tracing::debug!("Discovered sysroot by RUST_SRC_PATH: {}", path.display());
+                tracing::debug!("Discovered sysroot by RUST_SRC_PATH: {path}");
                 return Some(path);
             }
-            tracing::debug!("RUST_SRC_PATH is set, but is invalid (no core: {:?}), ignoring", core);
+            tracing::debug!("RUST_SRC_PATH is set, but is invalid (no core: {core:?}), ignoring");
         } else {
             tracing::debug!("RUST_SRC_PATH is set, but is invalid, ignoring");
         }
@@ -250,10 +249,9 @@ fn discover_sysroot_src_dir_or_add_component(
             format_err!(
                 "\
 can't load standard library from sysroot
-{}
+{sysroot_path}
 (discovered via `rustc --print sysroot`)
 try installing the Rust source the same way you installed rustc",
-                sysroot_path.display(),
             )
         })
 }
@@ -261,7 +259,7 @@ try installing the Rust source the same way you installed rustc",
 fn get_rustc_src(sysroot_path: &AbsPath) -> Option<ManifestPath> {
     let rustc_src = sysroot_path.join("lib/rustlib/rustc-src/rust/compiler/rustc/Cargo.toml");
     let rustc_src = ManifestPath::try_from(rustc_src).ok()?;
-    tracing::debug!("checking for rustc source code: {}", rustc_src.display());
+    tracing::debug!("checking for rustc source code: {rustc_src}");
     if fs::metadata(&rustc_src).is_ok() {
         Some(rustc_src)
     } else {
@@ -271,7 +269,7 @@ fn get_rustc_src(sysroot_path: &AbsPath) -> Option<ManifestPath> {
 
 fn get_rust_src(sysroot_path: &AbsPath) -> Option<AbsPathBuf> {
     let rust_src = sysroot_path.join("lib/rustlib/src/rust/library");
-    tracing::debug!("checking sysroot library: {}", rust_src.display());
+    tracing::debug!("checking sysroot library: {rust_src}");
     if fs::metadata(&rust_src).is_ok() {
         Some(rust_src)
     } else {
diff --git a/crates/project-model/src/target_data_layout.rs b/crates/project-model/src/target_data_layout.rs
index 30ca7b348e8..cb995857ec7 100644
--- a/crates/project-model/src/target_data_layout.rs
+++ b/crates/project-model/src/target_data_layout.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 //! Runs `rustc --print target-spec-json` to get the target_data_layout.
 use std::process::Command;
 
-use anyhow::Result;
 use rustc_hash::FxHashMap;
 
 use crate::{utf8_stdout, ManifestPath};
@@ -10,7 +9,7 @@ pub fn get(
     cargo_toml: Option<&ManifestPath>,
     target: Option<&str>,
     extra_env: &FxHashMap<String, String>,
-) -> Result<String> {
+) -> anyhow::Result<String> {
     let output = (|| {
         if let Some(cargo_toml) = cargo_toml {
             let mut cmd = Command::new(toolchain::rustc());
diff --git a/crates/project-model/src/workspace.rs b/crates/project-model/src/workspace.rs
index 34e5c1a9e24..f51ea7eeb22 100644
--- a/crates/project-model/src/workspace.rs
+++ b/crates/project-model/src/workspace.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 use std::{collections::VecDeque, fmt, fs, process::Command, sync};
 
-use anyhow::{format_err, Context, Result};
+use anyhow::{format_err, Context};
 use base_db::{
     CrateDisplayName, CrateGraph, CrateId, CrateName, CrateOrigin, Dependency, Edition, Env,
     FileId, LangCrateOrigin, ProcMacroPaths, ReleaseChannel, TargetLayoutLoadResult,
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ impl ProjectWorkspace {
         manifest: ProjectManifest,
         config: &CargoConfig,
         progress: &dyn Fn(String),
-    ) -> Result<ProjectWorkspace> {
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<ProjectWorkspace> {
         ProjectWorkspace::load_inner(&manifest, config, progress)
             .with_context(|| format!("Failed to load the project at {manifest}"))
     }
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ impl ProjectWorkspace {
         manifest: &ProjectManifest,
         config: &CargoConfig,
         progress: &dyn Fn(String),
-    ) -> Result<ProjectWorkspace> {
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<ProjectWorkspace> {
         let version = |current_dir, cmd_path, prefix: &str| {
             let cargo_version = utf8_stdout({
                 let mut cmd = Command::new(cmd_path);
@@ -176,12 +176,10 @@ impl ProjectWorkspace {
         };
         let res = match manifest {
             ProjectManifest::ProjectJson(project_json) => {
-                let file = fs::read_to_string(&project_json).with_context(|| {
-                    format!("Failed to read json file {}", project_json.display())
-                })?;
-                let data = serde_json::from_str(&file).with_context(|| {
-                    format!("Failed to deserialize json file {}", project_json.display())
-                })?;
+                let file = fs::read_to_string(&project_json)
+                    .with_context(|| format!("Failed to read json file {project_json}"))?;
+                let data = serde_json::from_str(&file)
+                    .with_context(|| format!("Failed to deserialize json file {project_json}"))?;
                 let project_location = project_json.parent().to_path_buf();
                 let toolchain = version(&*project_location, toolchain::rustc(), "rustc ")?;
                 let project_json = ProjectJson::new(&project_location, data);
@@ -202,9 +200,7 @@ impl ProjectWorkspace {
                 )
                 .with_context(|| {
                     format!(
-                        "Failed to read Cargo metadata from Cargo.toml file {}, {:?}",
-                        cargo_toml.display(),
-                        toolchain
+                        "Failed to read Cargo metadata from Cargo.toml file {cargo_toml}, {toolchain:?}",
                     )
                 })?;
                 let cargo = CargoWorkspace::new(meta);
@@ -212,12 +208,12 @@ impl ProjectWorkspace {
                 let sysroot = match (&config.sysroot, &config.sysroot_src) {
                     (Some(RustLibSource::Path(path)), None) => {
                         Sysroot::with_sysroot_dir(path.clone()).map_err(|e| {
-                          Some(format!("Failed to find sysroot at {}:{e}", path.display()))
+                          Some(format!("Failed to find sysroot at {path}:{e}"))
                         })
                     }
                     (Some(RustLibSource::Discover), None) => {
                         Sysroot::discover(cargo_toml.parent(), &config.extra_env).map_err(|e| {
-                            Some(format!("Failed to find sysroot for Cargo.toml file {}. Is rust-src installed? {e}", cargo_toml.display()))
+                            Some(format!("Failed to find sysroot for Cargo.toml file {cargo_toml}. Is rust-src installed? {e}"))
                         })
                     }
                     (Some(RustLibSource::Path(sysroot)), Some(sysroot_src)) => {
@@ -229,21 +225,19 @@ impl ProjectWorkspace {
                             &config.extra_env,
                             sysroot_src.clone(),
                         ).map_err(|e| {
-                            Some(format!("Failed to find sysroot for Cargo.toml file {}. Is rust-src installed? {e}", cargo_toml.display()))
+                            Some(format!("Failed to find sysroot for Cargo.toml file {cargo_toml}. Is rust-src installed? {e}"))
                         })
                     }
                     (None, _) => Err(None),
                 };
 
                 if let Ok(sysroot) = &sysroot {
-                    tracing::info!(workspace = %cargo_toml.display(), src_root = %sysroot.src_root().display(), root = %sysroot.root().display(), "Using sysroot");
+                    tracing::info!(workspace = %cargo_toml, src_root = %sysroot.src_root(), root = %sysroot.root(), "Using sysroot");
                 }
 
                 let rustc_dir = match &config.rustc_source {
                     Some(RustLibSource::Path(path)) => ManifestPath::try_from(path.clone())
-                        .map_err(|p| {
-                            Some(format!("rustc source path is not absolute: {}", p.display()))
-                        }),
+                        .map_err(|p| Some(format!("rustc source path is not absolute: {p}"))),
                     Some(RustLibSource::Discover) => {
                         sysroot.as_ref().ok().and_then(Sysroot::discover_rustc).ok_or_else(|| {
                             Some(format!("Failed to discover rustc source for sysroot."))
@@ -253,7 +247,7 @@ impl ProjectWorkspace {
                 };
 
                 let rustc =  rustc_dir.and_then(|rustc_dir| {
-                    tracing::info!(workspace = %cargo_toml.display(), rustc_dir = %rustc_dir.display(), "Using rustc source");
+                    tracing::info!(workspace = %cargo_toml, rustc_dir = %rustc_dir, "Using rustc source");
                     match CargoWorkspace::fetch_metadata(
                         &rustc_dir,
                         cargo_toml.parent(),
@@ -275,13 +269,11 @@ impl ProjectWorkspace {
                         Err(e) => {
                             tracing::error!(
                                 %e,
-                                "Failed to read Cargo metadata from rustc source at {}",
-                                rustc_dir.display()
+                                "Failed to read Cargo metadata from rustc source at {rustc_dir}",
                             );
                             Err(Some(format!(
-                                "Failed to read Cargo metadata from rustc source at {}: {e}",
-                                rustc_dir.display())
-                            ))
+                                "Failed to read Cargo metadata from rustc source at {rustc_dir}: {e}"
+                            )))
                         }
                     }
                 });
@@ -339,7 +331,7 @@ impl ProjectWorkspace {
             (None, None) => Err(None),
         };
         if let Ok(sysroot) = &sysroot {
-            tracing::info!(src_root = %sysroot.src_root().display(), root = %sysroot.root().display(), "Using sysroot");
+            tracing::info!(src_root = %sysroot.src_root(), root = %sysroot.root(), "Using sysroot");
         }
 
         let rustc_cfg = rustc_cfg::get(None, target, extra_env);
@@ -349,26 +341,23 @@ impl ProjectWorkspace {
     pub fn load_detached_files(
         detached_files: Vec<AbsPathBuf>,
         config: &CargoConfig,
-    ) -> Result<ProjectWorkspace> {
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<ProjectWorkspace> {
         let sysroot = match &config.sysroot {
             Some(RustLibSource::Path(path)) => Sysroot::with_sysroot_dir(path.clone())
-                .map_err(|e| Some(format!("Failed to find sysroot at {}:{e}", path.display()))),
+                .map_err(|e| Some(format!("Failed to find sysroot at {path}:{e}"))),
             Some(RustLibSource::Discover) => {
                 let dir = &detached_files
                     .first()
                     .and_then(|it| it.parent())
                     .ok_or_else(|| format_err!("No detached files to load"))?;
                 Sysroot::discover(dir, &config.extra_env).map_err(|e| {
-                    Some(format!(
-                        "Failed to find sysroot for {}. Is rust-src installed? {e}",
-                        dir.display()
-                    ))
+                    Some(format!("Failed to find sysroot for {dir}. Is rust-src installed? {e}"))
                 })
             }
             None => Err(None),
         };
         if let Ok(sysroot) = &sysroot {
-            tracing::info!(src_root = %sysroot.src_root().display(), root = %sysroot.root().display(), "Using sysroot");
+            tracing::info!(src_root = %sysroot.src_root(), root = %sysroot.root(), "Using sysroot");
         }
         let rustc_cfg = rustc_cfg::get(None, None, &Default::default());
         Ok(ProjectWorkspace::DetachedFiles { files: detached_files, sysroot, rustc_cfg })
@@ -379,15 +368,12 @@ impl ProjectWorkspace {
         &self,
         config: &CargoConfig,
         progress: &dyn Fn(String),
-    ) -> Result<WorkspaceBuildScripts> {
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<WorkspaceBuildScripts> {
         match self {
             ProjectWorkspace::Cargo { cargo, toolchain, .. } => {
                 WorkspaceBuildScripts::run_for_workspace(config, cargo, progress, toolchain)
                     .with_context(|| {
-                        format!(
-                            "Failed to run build scripts for {}",
-                            &cargo.workspace_root().display()
-                        )
+                        format!("Failed to run build scripts for {}", cargo.workspace_root())
                     })
             }
             ProjectWorkspace::Json { .. } | ProjectWorkspace::DetachedFiles { .. } => {
@@ -402,7 +388,7 @@ impl ProjectWorkspace {
         workspaces: &[ProjectWorkspace],
         config: &CargoConfig,
         progress: &dyn Fn(String),
-    ) -> Vec<Result<WorkspaceBuildScripts>> {
+    ) -> Vec<anyhow::Result<WorkspaceBuildScripts>> {
         if matches!(config.invocation_strategy, InvocationStrategy::PerWorkspace)
             || config.run_build_script_command.is_none()
         {
@@ -428,10 +414,7 @@ impl ProjectWorkspace {
                 ProjectWorkspace::Cargo { cargo, .. } => match outputs {
                     Ok(outputs) => Ok(outputs.next().unwrap()),
                     Err(e) => Err(e.clone()).with_context(|| {
-                        format!(
-                            "Failed to run build scripts for {}",
-                            &cargo.workspace_root().display()
-                        )
+                        format!("Failed to run build scripts for {}", cargo.workspace_root())
                     }),
                 },
                 _ => Ok(WorkspaceBuildScripts::default()),
@@ -456,7 +439,7 @@ impl ProjectWorkspace {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn find_sysroot_proc_macro_srv(&self) -> Result<AbsPathBuf> {
+    pub fn find_sysroot_proc_macro_srv(&self) -> anyhow::Result<AbsPathBuf> {
         match self {
             ProjectWorkspace::Cargo { sysroot: Ok(sysroot), .. }
             | ProjectWorkspace::Json { sysroot: Ok(sysroot), .. }
@@ -468,22 +451,22 @@ impl ProjectWorkspace {
                     .map(|segment| sysroot.root().join(segment).join(&standalone_server_name))
                     .find(|server_path| std::fs::metadata(server_path).is_ok())
                     .ok_or_else(|| {
-                        anyhow::anyhow!(
+                        anyhow::format_err!(
                             "cannot find proc-macro server in sysroot `{}`",
-                            sysroot.root().display()
+                            sysroot.root()
                         )
                     })
             }
             ProjectWorkspace::DetachedFiles { .. } => {
-                Err(anyhow::anyhow!("cannot find proc-macro server, no sysroot was found"))
+                Err(anyhow::format_err!("cannot find proc-macro server, no sysroot was found"))
             }
-            ProjectWorkspace::Cargo { cargo, .. } => Err(anyhow::anyhow!(
+            ProjectWorkspace::Cargo { cargo, .. } => Err(anyhow::format_err!(
                 "cannot find proc-macro-srv, the workspace `{}` is missing a sysroot",
-                cargo.workspace_root().display()
+                cargo.workspace_root()
             )),
-            ProjectWorkspace::Json { project, .. } => Err(anyhow::anyhow!(
+            ProjectWorkspace::Json { project, .. } => Err(anyhow::format_err!(
                 "cannot find proc-macro-srv, the workspace `{}` is missing a sysroot",
-                project.path().display()
+                project.path()
             )),
         }
     }
diff --git a/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli.rs b/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli.rs
index e3520192110..34cd595634a 100644
--- a/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli.rs
+++ b/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ mod progress_report;
 
 use std::io::Read;
 
-use anyhow::Result;
 use ide::AnalysisHost;
 use vfs::Vfs;
 
@@ -36,7 +35,7 @@ impl Verbosity {
     }
 }
 
-fn read_stdin() -> Result<String> {
+fn read_stdin() -> anyhow::Result<String> {
     let mut buff = String::new();
     std::io::stdin().read_to_string(&mut buff)?;
     Ok(buff)
diff --git a/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli/analysis_stats.rs b/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli/analysis_stats.rs
index 4cb917ce290..8654f68e957 100644
--- a/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli/analysis_stats.rs
+++ b/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli/analysis_stats.rs
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ use crate::cli::{
     load_cargo::{load_workspace, LoadCargoConfig, ProcMacroServerChoice},
     print_memory_usage,
     progress_report::ProgressReport,
-    report_metric, Result, Verbosity,
+    report_metric, Verbosity,
 };
 
 /// Need to wrap Snapshot to provide `Clone` impl for `map_with`
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ impl<DB: ParallelDatabase> Clone for Snap<salsa::Snapshot<DB>> {
 }
 
 impl flags::AnalysisStats {
-    pub fn run(self, verbosity: Verbosity) -> Result<()> {
+    pub fn run(self, verbosity: Verbosity) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         let mut rng = {
             let seed = SystemTime::now().duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH).unwrap().as_millis() as u64;
             Rand32::new(seed)
diff --git a/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli/load_cargo.rs b/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli/load_cargo.rs
index 4e8f9997167..1b413029e0c 100644
--- a/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli/load_cargo.rs
+++ b/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli/load_cargo.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 //! for incorporating changes.
 use std::path::Path;
 
-use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
 use crossbeam_channel::{unbounded, Receiver};
 use ide::{AnalysisHost, Change};
 use ide_db::{
@@ -38,7 +37,7 @@ pub fn load_workspace_at(
     cargo_config: &CargoConfig,
     load_config: &LoadCargoConfig,
     progress: &dyn Fn(String),
-) -> Result<(AnalysisHost, vfs::Vfs, Option<ProcMacroServer>)> {
+) -> anyhow::Result<(AnalysisHost, vfs::Vfs, Option<ProcMacroServer>)> {
     let root = AbsPathBuf::assert(std::env::current_dir()?.join(root));
     let root = ProjectManifest::discover_single(&root)?;
     let mut workspace = ProjectWorkspace::load(root, cargo_config, progress)?;
@@ -60,7 +59,7 @@ pub fn load_workspace(
     ws: ProjectWorkspace,
     extra_env: &FxHashMap<String, String>,
     load_config: &LoadCargoConfig,
-) -> Result<(AnalysisHost, vfs::Vfs, Option<ProcMacroServer>)> {
+) -> anyhow::Result<(AnalysisHost, vfs::Vfs, Option<ProcMacroServer>)> {
     let (sender, receiver) = unbounded();
     let mut vfs = vfs::Vfs::default();
     let mut loader = {
@@ -76,7 +75,7 @@ pub fn load_workspace(
         ProcMacroServerChoice::Explicit(path) => {
             ProcMacroServer::spawn(path.clone()).map_err(Into::into)
         }
-        ProcMacroServerChoice::None => Err(anyhow!("proc macro server disabled")),
+        ProcMacroServerChoice::None => Err(anyhow::format_err!("proc macro server disabled")),
     };
 
     let (crate_graph, proc_macros) = ws.to_crate_graph(
diff --git a/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli/lsif.rs b/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli/lsif.rs
index 7f5d0844967..6506f4cc4f2 100644
--- a/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli/lsif.rs
+++ b/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli/lsif.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ use crate::cli::load_cargo::ProcMacroServerChoice;
 use crate::cli::{
     flags,
     load_cargo::{load_workspace, LoadCargoConfig},
-    Result,
 };
 use crate::line_index::{LineEndings, LineIndex, PositionEncoding};
 use crate::to_proto;
@@ -286,7 +285,7 @@ impl LsifManager<'_> {
 }
 
 impl flags::Lsif {
-    pub fn run(self) -> Result<()> {
+    pub fn run(self) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         eprintln!("Generating LSIF started...");
         let now = Instant::now();
         let mut cargo_config = CargoConfig::default();
diff --git a/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli/scip.rs b/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli/scip.rs
index b0b724bdfe7..7ad68527d27 100644
--- a/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli/scip.rs
+++ b/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli/scip.rs
@@ -22,11 +22,10 @@ use std::env;
 use crate::cli::{
     flags,
     load_cargo::{load_workspace, LoadCargoConfig},
-    Result,
 };
 
 impl flags::Scip {
-    pub fn run(self) -> Result<()> {
+    pub fn run(self) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         eprintln!("Generating SCIP start...");
         let now = Instant::now();
         let mut cargo_config = CargoConfig::default();
@@ -65,7 +64,7 @@ impl flags::Scip {
                 path.normalize()
                     .as_os_str()
                     .to_str()
-                    .ok_or(anyhow::anyhow!("Unable to normalize project_root path"))?
+                    .ok_or(anyhow::format_err!("Unable to normalize project_root path"))?
             ),
             text_document_encoding: scip_types::TextEncoding::UTF8.into(),
             special_fields: Default::default(),
@@ -168,7 +167,7 @@ impl flags::Scip {
 
         let out_path = self.output.unwrap_or_else(|| PathBuf::from(r"index.scip"));
         scip::write_message_to_file(out_path, index)
-            .map_err(|err| anyhow::anyhow!("Failed to write scip to file: {}", err))?;
+            .map_err(|err| anyhow::format_err!("Failed to write scip to file: {}", err))?;
 
         eprintln!("Generating SCIP finished {:?}", now.elapsed());
         Ok(())
diff --git a/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli/ssr.rs b/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli/ssr.rs
index 82a769347df..7ccb3e216a7 100644
--- a/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli/ssr.rs
+++ b/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli/ssr.rs
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 //! Applies structured search replace rules from the command line.
 
+use anyhow::Context;
 use ide_ssr::MatchFinder;
 use project_model::{CargoConfig, RustLibSource};
 
 use crate::cli::{
     flags,
     load_cargo::{load_workspace_at, LoadCargoConfig, ProcMacroServerChoice},
-    Result,
 };
 
 impl flags::Ssr {
-    pub fn run(self) -> Result<()> {
+    pub fn run(self) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         use ide_db::base_db::SourceDatabaseExt;
         let mut cargo_config = CargoConfig::default();
         cargo_config.sysroot = Some(RustLibSource::Discover);
@@ -35,7 +35,8 @@ impl flags::Ssr {
             if let Some(path) = vfs.file_path(file_id).as_path() {
                 let mut contents = db.file_text(file_id).to_string();
                 edit.apply(&mut contents);
-                std::fs::write(path, contents)?;
+                std::fs::write(path, contents)
+                    .with_context(|| format!("failed to write {path}"))?;
             }
         }
         Ok(())
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ impl flags::Search {
     /// Searches for `patterns`, printing debug information for any nodes whose text exactly matches
     /// `debug_snippet`. This is intended for debugging and probably isn't in it's current form useful
     /// for much else.
-    pub fn run(self) -> Result<()> {
+    pub fn run(self) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         use ide_db::base_db::SourceDatabaseExt;
         use ide_db::symbol_index::SymbolsDatabase;
         let cargo_config = CargoConfig::default();
diff --git a/crates/rust-analyzer/src/global_state.rs b/crates/rust-analyzer/src/global_state.rs
index 52512b21978..19a931f65bc 100644
--- a/crates/rust-analyzer/src/global_state.rs
+++ b/crates/rust-analyzer/src/global_state.rs
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ impl GlobalState {
             // crate see https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-analyzer/issues/13029
             if let Some((path, force_crate_graph_reload)) = workspace_structure_change {
                 self.fetch_workspaces_queue.request_op(
-                    format!("workspace vfs file change: {}", path.display()),
+                    format!("workspace vfs file change: {path}"),
                     force_crate_graph_reload,
                 );
             }
diff --git a/crates/rust-analyzer/src/handlers/notification.rs b/crates/rust-analyzer/src/handlers/notification.rs
index 3f94f2720c6..e830e5e9a64 100644
--- a/crates/rust-analyzer/src/handlers/notification.rs
+++ b/crates/rust-analyzer/src/handlers/notification.rs
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ pub(crate) fn handle_did_save_text_document(
             if reload::should_refresh_for_change(abs_path, ChangeKind::Modify) {
                 state
                     .fetch_workspaces_queue
-                    .request_op(format!("DidSaveTextDocument {}", abs_path.display()), false);
+                    .request_op(format!("DidSaveTextDocument {abs_path}"), false);
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/crates/rust-analyzer/src/reload.rs b/crates/rust-analyzer/src/reload.rs
index 07e284e3463..f9e6152f5b5 100644
--- a/crates/rust-analyzer/src/reload.rs
+++ b/crates/rust-analyzer/src/reload.rs
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ impl GlobalState {
                         res.map_or_else(
                             |_| Err("proc macro crate is missing dylib".to_owned()),
                             |(crate_name, path)| {
-                                progress(path.display().to_string());
+                                progress(path.to_string());
                                 client.as_ref().map_err(Clone::clone).and_then(|client| {
                                     load_proc_macro(
                                         client,
@@ -407,9 +407,9 @@ impl GlobalState {
                     .flat_map(|root| {
                         root.include.into_iter().flat_map(|it| {
                             [
-                                format!("{}/**/*.rs", it.display()),
-                                format!("{}/**/Cargo.toml", it.display()),
-                                format!("{}/**/Cargo.lock", it.display()),
+                                format!("{it}/**/*.rs"),
+                                format!("{it}/**/Cargo.toml"),
+                                format!("{it}/**/Cargo.lock"),
                             ]
                         })
                     })
@@ -447,17 +447,13 @@ impl GlobalState {
                                 None => ws.find_sysroot_proc_macro_srv()?,
                             };
 
-                            tracing::info!("Using proc-macro server at {}", path.display(),);
+                            tracing::info!("Using proc-macro server at {path}");
                             ProcMacroServer::spawn(path.clone()).map_err(|err| {
                                 tracing::error!(
-                                    "Failed to run proc-macro server from path {}, error: {:?}",
-                                    path.display(),
-                                    err
+                                    "Failed to run proc-macro server from path {path}, error: {err:?}",
                                 );
-                                anyhow::anyhow!(
-                                    "Failed to run proc-macro server from path {}, error: {:?}",
-                                    path.display(),
-                                    err
+                                anyhow::format_err!(
+                                    "Failed to run proc-macro server from path {path}, error: {err:?}",
                                 )
                             })
                         })
@@ -787,14 +783,13 @@ pub(crate) fn load_proc_macro(
     return match res {
         Ok(proc_macros) => {
             tracing::info!(
-                "Loaded proc-macros for {}: {:?}",
-                path.display(),
+                "Loaded proc-macros for {path}: {:?}",
                 proc_macros.iter().map(|it| it.name.clone()).collect::<Vec<_>>()
             );
             Ok(proc_macros)
         }
         Err(e) => {
-            tracing::warn!("proc-macro loading for {} failed: {e}", path.display());
+            tracing::warn!("proc-macro loading for {path} failed: {e}");
             Err(e)
         }
     };
diff --git a/crates/vfs/src/vfs_path.rs b/crates/vfs/src/vfs_path.rs
index d327f2edf14..f9248feb34a 100644
--- a/crates/vfs/src/vfs_path.rs
+++ b/crates/vfs/src/vfs_path.rs
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ impl From<AbsPathBuf> for VfsPath {
 impl fmt::Display for VfsPath {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
         match &self.0 {
-            VfsPathRepr::PathBuf(it) => fmt::Display::fmt(&it.display(), f),
+            VfsPathRepr::PathBuf(it) => fmt::Debug::fmt(&it, f),
             VfsPathRepr::VirtualPath(VirtualPath(it)) => fmt::Display::fmt(it, f),
         }
     }
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ impl fmt::Debug for VfsPath {
 impl fmt::Debug for VfsPathRepr {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         match &self {
-            VfsPathRepr::PathBuf(it) => fmt::Debug::fmt(&it.display(), f),
+            VfsPathRepr::PathBuf(it) => fmt::Display::fmt(&it, f),
             VfsPathRepr::VirtualPath(VirtualPath(it)) => fmt::Debug::fmt(&it, f),
         }
     }
diff --git a/docs/dev/style.md b/docs/dev/style.md
index d2a03fba40d..786127639ce 100644
--- a/docs/dev/style.md
+++ b/docs/dev/style.md
@@ -869,6 +869,19 @@ type   -> ty
 
 **Rationale:** consistency.
 
+## Error Handling Trivia
+
+Use `anyhow::Result` rather than just `Result`.
+
+**Rationale:** makes it immediately clear what result that is.
+
+Use `anyhow::format_err!` rather than `anyhow::anyhow`.
+
+**Rationale:** consistent, boring, avoids stuttering.
+
+There's no specific guidance on the formatting of error messages, see [anyhow/#209](https://github.com/dtolnay/anyhow/issues/209).
+Do not end error and context messages with `.` though. 
+
 ## Early Returns
 
 Do use early returns
diff --git a/xtask/src/install.rs b/xtask/src/install.rs
index 83223a551d1..e8c00c72e07 100644
--- a/xtask/src/install.rs
+++ b/xtask/src/install.rs
@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@
 
 use std::{env, path::PathBuf, str};
 
-use anyhow::{bail, format_err, Context, Result};
+use anyhow::{bail, format_err, Context};
 use xshell::{cmd, Shell};
 
 use crate::flags;
 
 impl flags::Install {
-    pub(crate) fn run(self, sh: &Shell) -> Result<()> {
+    pub(crate) fn run(self, sh: &Shell) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         if cfg!(target_os = "macos") {
             fix_path_for_mac(sh).context("Fix path for mac")?;
         }
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ pub(crate) enum Malloc {
     Jemalloc,
 }
 
-fn fix_path_for_mac(sh: &Shell) -> Result<()> {
+fn fix_path_for_mac(sh: &Shell) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     let mut vscode_path: Vec<PathBuf> = {
         const COMMON_APP_PATH: &str =
             r"/Applications/Visual Studio Code.app/Contents/Resources/app/bin";
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ fn fix_path_for_mac(sh: &Shell) -> Result<()> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn install_client(sh: &Shell, client_opt: ClientOpt) -> Result<()> {
+fn install_client(sh: &Shell, client_opt: ClientOpt) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     let _dir = sh.push_dir("./editors/code");
 
     // Package extension.
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ fn install_client(sh: &Shell, client_opt: ClientOpt) -> Result<()> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn install_server(sh: &Shell, opts: ServerOpt) -> Result<()> {
+fn install_server(sh: &Shell, opts: ServerOpt) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     let features = match opts.malloc {
         Malloc::System => &[][..],
         Malloc::Mimalloc => &["--features", "mimalloc"],
diff --git a/xtask/src/publish.rs b/xtask/src/publish.rs
index cdb7d8fac89..42b384ead0a 100644
--- a/xtask/src/publish.rs
+++ b/xtask/src/publish.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 mod notes;
 
 use crate::flags;
-use anyhow::{anyhow, bail, Result};
+use anyhow::bail;
 use std::env;
 use xshell::{cmd, Shell};
 
 impl flags::PublishReleaseNotes {
-    pub(crate) fn run(self, sh: &Shell) -> Result<()> {
+    pub(crate) fn run(self, sh: &Shell) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         let asciidoc = sh.read_file(&self.changelog)?;
         let mut markdown = notes::convert_asciidoc_to_markdown(std::io::Cursor::new(&asciidoc))?;
         let file_name = check_file_name(self.changelog)?;
@@ -24,11 +24,11 @@ impl flags::PublishReleaseNotes {
     }
 }
 
-fn check_file_name<P: AsRef<std::path::Path>>(path: P) -> Result<String> {
+fn check_file_name<P: AsRef<std::path::Path>>(path: P) -> anyhow::Result<String> {
     let file_name = path
         .as_ref()
         .file_name()
-        .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("file name is not specified as `changelog`"))?
+        .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::format_err!("file name is not specified as `changelog`"))?
         .to_string_lossy();
 
     let mut chars = file_name.chars();
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ fn create_original_changelog_url(file_name: &str) -> String {
     format!("https://rust-analyzer.github.io/thisweek/{year}/{month}/{day}/{stem}.html")
 }
 
-fn update_release(sh: &Shell, tag_name: &str, release_notes: &str) -> Result<()> {
+fn update_release(sh: &Shell, tag_name: &str, release_notes: &str) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     let token = match env::var("GITHUB_TOKEN") {
         Ok(token) => token,
         Err(_) => bail!("Please obtain a personal access token from https://github.com/settings/tokens and set the `GITHUB_TOKEN` environment variable."),