Auto merge of #32875 - jseyfried:1422_implementation, r=nikomatsakis

Implement `pub(restricted)` privacy (RFC 1422)

This implements `pub(restricted)` privacy from RFC 1422 (cc #32409) behind a feature gate.

`pub(restricted)` paths currently cannot use re-exported modules both for simplicity of implementation and for future compatibility with RFC 1560 (cf #31783).

r? @nikomatsakis

26 files changed, 478 insertions, 196 deletions

diff --git a/src/librustc/hir/intravisit.rs b/src/librustc/hir/intravisit.rs
index 55fd58da866..6e6f845abd3 100644
--- a/src/librustc/hir/intravisit.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/hir/intravisit.rs
@@ -203,6 +203,9 @@ pub trait Visitor<'v> : Sized {
     fn visit_macro_def(&mut self, macro_def: &'v MacroDef) {
         walk_macro_def(self, macro_def)
     }
+    fn visit_vis(&mut self, vis: &'v Visibility) {
+        walk_vis(self, vis)
+    }
 }
 
 pub fn walk_opt_name<'v, V: Visitor<'v>>(visitor: &mut V, span: Span, opt_name: Option<Name>) {
@@ -288,6 +291,7 @@ pub fn walk_trait_ref<'v, V>(visitor: &mut V, trait_ref: &'v TraitRef)
 }
 
 pub fn walk_item<'v, V: Visitor<'v>>(visitor: &mut V, item: &'v Item) {
+    visitor.visit_vis(&item.vis);
     visitor.visit_name(item.span, item.name);
     match item.node {
         ItemExternCrate(opt_name) => {
@@ -529,6 +533,7 @@ pub fn walk_pat<'v, V: Visitor<'v>>(visitor: &mut V, pattern: &'v Pat) {
 }
 
 pub fn walk_foreign_item<'v, V: Visitor<'v>>(visitor: &mut V, foreign_item: &'v ForeignItem) {
+    visitor.visit_vis(&foreign_item.vis);
     visitor.visit_name(foreign_item.span, foreign_item.name);
 
     match foreign_item.node {
@@ -662,6 +667,7 @@ pub fn walk_trait_item<'v, V: Visitor<'v>>(visitor: &mut V, trait_item: &'v Trai
 }
 
 pub fn walk_impl_item<'v, V: Visitor<'v>>(visitor: &mut V, impl_item: &'v ImplItem) {
+    visitor.visit_vis(&impl_item.vis);
     visitor.visit_name(impl_item.span, impl_item.name);
     walk_list!(visitor, visit_attribute, &impl_item.attrs);
     match impl_item.node {
@@ -690,6 +696,7 @@ pub fn walk_struct_def<'v, V: Visitor<'v>>(visitor: &mut V, struct_definition: &
 }
 
 pub fn walk_struct_field<'v, V: Visitor<'v>>(visitor: &mut V, struct_field: &'v StructField) {
+    visitor.visit_vis(&struct_field.vis);
     visitor.visit_name(struct_field.span, struct_field.name);
     visitor.visit_ty(&struct_field.ty);
     walk_list!(visitor, visit_attribute, &struct_field.attrs);
@@ -839,6 +846,12 @@ pub fn walk_arm<'v, V: Visitor<'v>>(visitor: &mut V, arm: &'v Arm) {
     walk_list!(visitor, visit_attribute, &arm.attrs);
 }
 
+pub fn walk_vis<'v, V: Visitor<'v>>(visitor: &mut V, vis: &'v Visibility) {
+    if let Visibility::Restricted { ref path, id } = *vis {
+        visitor.visit_path(path, id)
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, RustcEncodable, RustcDecodable, Debug)]
 pub struct IdRange {
     pub min: NodeId,
diff --git a/src/librustc/hir/lowering.rs b/src/librustc/hir/lowering.rs
index 738a04dea58..7c476657041 100644
--- a/src/librustc/hir/lowering.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/hir/lowering.rs
@@ -1708,8 +1708,10 @@ pub fn lower_capture_clause(_lctx: &LoweringContext, c: CaptureBy) -> hir::Captu
 pub fn lower_visibility(lctx: &LoweringContext, v: &Visibility) -> hir::Visibility {
     match *v {
         Visibility::Public => hir::Public,
+        Visibility::Crate(_) => hir::Visibility::Crate,
+        Visibility::Restricted { ref path, id } =>
+            hir::Visibility::Restricted { path: P(lower_path(lctx, path)), id: id },
         Visibility::Inherited => hir::Inherited,
-        _ => panic!(lctx.diagnostic().fatal("pub(restricted) is not implemented yet!"))
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/librustc/hir/mod.rs b/src/librustc/hir/mod.rs
index 8e748875b93..4e752003523 100644
--- a/src/librustc/hir/mod.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/hir/mod.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ pub use self::TyParamBound::*;
 pub use self::UnOp::*;
 pub use self::UnsafeSource::*;
 pub use self::ViewPath_::*;
-pub use self::Visibility::*;
+pub use self::Visibility::{Public, Inherited};
 pub use self::PathParameters::*;
 
 use hir::def::Def;
@@ -1434,6 +1434,8 @@ pub struct PolyTraitRef {
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, RustcEncodable, RustcDecodable, Hash, Debug)]
 pub enum Visibility {
     Public,
+    Crate,
+    Restricted { path: P<Path>, id: NodeId },
     Inherited,
 }
 
diff --git a/src/librustc/hir/print.rs b/src/librustc/hir/print.rs
index e9ed0ed574e..e595c619e85 100644
--- a/src/librustc/hir/print.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/hir/print.rs
@@ -325,6 +325,8 @@ pub fn arg_to_string(arg: &hir::Arg) -> String {
 pub fn visibility_qualified(vis: &hir::Visibility, s: &str) -> String {
     match *vis {
         hir::Public => format!("pub {}", s),
+        hir::Visibility::Crate => format!("pub(crate) {}", s),
+        hir::Visibility::Restricted { ref path, .. } => format!("pub({}) {}", path, s),
         hir::Inherited => s.to_string(),
     }
 }
@@ -898,6 +900,9 @@ impl<'a> State<'a> {
     pub fn print_visibility(&mut self, vis: &hir::Visibility) -> io::Result<()> {
         match *vis {
             hir::Public => self.word_nbsp("pub"),
+            hir::Visibility::Crate => self.word_nbsp("pub(crate)"),
+            hir::Visibility::Restricted { ref path, .. } =>
+                self.word_nbsp(&format!("pub({})", path)),
             hir::Inherited => Ok(()),
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/librustc/ty/mod.rs b/src/librustc/ty/mod.rs
index eaba5d2a860..0377ef92a6f 100644
--- a/src/librustc/ty/mod.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/ty/mod.rs
@@ -287,6 +287,15 @@ impl Visibility {
     pub fn from_hir(visibility: &hir::Visibility, id: NodeId, tcx: &TyCtxt) -> Self {
         match *visibility {
             hir::Public => Visibility::Public,
+            hir::Visibility::Crate => Visibility::Restricted(ast::CRATE_NODE_ID),
+            hir::Visibility::Restricted { id, .. } => match tcx.def_map.borrow().get(&id) {
+                Some(resolution) => Visibility::Restricted({
+                    tcx.map.as_local_node_id(resolution.base_def.def_id()).unwrap()
+                }),
+                // If there is no resolution, `resolve` will have already reported an error, so
+                // assume that the visibility is public to avoid reporting more privacy errors.
+                None => Visibility::Public,
+            },
             hir::Inherited => Visibility::Restricted(tcx.map.get_module_parent(id)),
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/librustc_privacy/lib.rs b/src/librustc_privacy/lib.rs
index a6ce4cc3ee4..d55d0d53b8c 100644
--- a/src/librustc_privacy/lib.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_privacy/lib.rs
@@ -1023,7 +1023,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx: 'a, 'v> Visitor<'v> for SearchInterfaceForPrivateItemsVisitor<'a,
                             self.min_visibility = vis;
                         }
                         if !vis.is_at_least(self.required_visibility, &self.tcx.map) {
-                            if self.old_error_set.contains(&ty.id) {
+                            if self.tcx.sess.features.borrow().pub_restricted ||
+                               self.old_error_set.contains(&ty.id) {
                                 span_err!(self.tcx.sess, ty.span, E0446,
                                           "private type in public interface");
                             } else {
@@ -1053,7 +1054,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx: 'a, 'v> Visitor<'v> for SearchInterfaceForPrivateItemsVisitor<'a,
                 self.min_visibility = vis;
             }
             if !vis.is_at_least(self.required_visibility, &self.tcx.map) {
-                if self.old_error_set.contains(&trait_ref.ref_id) {
+                if self.tcx.sess.features.borrow().pub_restricted ||
+                   self.old_error_set.contains(&trait_ref.ref_id) {
                     span_err!(self.tcx.sess, trait_ref.path.span, E0445,
                               "private trait in public interface");
                 } else {
diff --git a/src/librustc_resolve/build_reduced_graph.rs b/src/librustc_resolve/build_reduced_graph.rs
index 003450cd6fd..2bec7725b76 100644
--- a/src/librustc_resolve/build_reduced_graph.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_resolve/build_reduced_graph.rs
@@ -53,10 +53,10 @@ impl<'a> ToNameBinding<'a> for (Module<'a>, Span) {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a> ToNameBinding<'a> for (Def, Span, DefModifiers) {
+impl<'a> ToNameBinding<'a> for (Def, Span, DefModifiers, ty::Visibility) {
     fn to_name_binding(self) -> NameBinding<'a> {
         let kind = NameBindingKind::Def(self.0);
-        NameBinding { modifiers: self.2, kind: kind, span: Some(self.1) }
+        NameBinding { modifiers: self.2, kind: kind, span: Some(self.1), vis: self.3 }
     }
 }
 
@@ -105,12 +105,9 @@ impl<'b, 'tcx:'b> Resolver<'b, 'tcx> {
         let parent = *parent_ref;
         let name = item.name;
         let sp = item.span;
-        let is_public = item.vis == hir::Public;
-        let modifiers = if is_public {
-            DefModifiers::PUBLIC
-        } else {
-            DefModifiers::empty()
-        } | DefModifiers::IMPORTABLE;
+        let modifiers = DefModifiers::IMPORTABLE;
+        self.current_module = parent;
+        let vis = self.resolve_visibility(&item.vis);
 
         match item.node {
             ItemUse(ref view_path) => {
@@ -172,7 +169,7 @@ impl<'b, 'tcx:'b> Resolver<'b, 'tcx> {
                                                     subclass,
                                                     view_path.span,
                                                     item.id,
-                                                    is_public,
+                                                    vis,
                                                     is_prelude);
                     }
                     ViewPathList(_, ref source_items) => {
@@ -223,7 +220,7 @@ impl<'b, 'tcx:'b> Resolver<'b, 'tcx> {
                                                         subclass,
                                                         source_item.span,
                                                         source_item.node.id(),
-                                                        is_public,
+                                                        vis,
                                                         is_prelude);
                         }
                     }
@@ -233,7 +230,7 @@ impl<'b, 'tcx:'b> Resolver<'b, 'tcx> {
                                                     GlobImport,
                                                     view_path.span,
                                                     item.id,
-                                                    is_public,
+                                                    vis,
                                                     is_prelude);
                     }
                 }
@@ -249,7 +246,7 @@ impl<'b, 'tcx:'b> Resolver<'b, 'tcx> {
                     };
                     let parent_link = ModuleParentLink(parent, name);
                     let def = Def::Mod(def_id);
-                    let module = self.new_extern_crate_module(parent_link, def, is_public, item.id);
+                    let module = self.new_extern_crate_module(parent_link, def, vis, item.id);
                     self.define(parent, name, TypeNS, (module, sp));
 
                     self.build_reduced_graph_for_external_crate(module);
@@ -259,7 +256,7 @@ impl<'b, 'tcx:'b> Resolver<'b, 'tcx> {
             ItemMod(..) => {
                 let parent_link = ModuleParentLink(parent, name);
                 let def = Def::Mod(self.ast_map.local_def_id(item.id));
-                let module = self.new_module(parent_link, Some(def), false, is_public);
+                let module = self.new_module(parent_link, Some(def), false, vis);
                 self.define(parent, name, TypeNS, (module, sp));
                 parent.module_children.borrow_mut().insert(item.id, module);
                 *parent_ref = module;
@@ -271,38 +268,32 @@ impl<'b, 'tcx:'b> Resolver<'b, 'tcx> {
             ItemStatic(_, m, _) => {
                 let mutbl = m == hir::MutMutable;
                 let def = Def::Static(self.ast_map.local_def_id(item.id), mutbl);
-                self.define(parent, name, ValueNS, (def, sp, modifiers));
+                self.define(parent, name, ValueNS, (def, sp, modifiers, vis));
             }
             ItemConst(_, _) => {
                 let def = Def::Const(self.ast_map.local_def_id(item.id));
-                self.define(parent, name, ValueNS, (def, sp, modifiers));
+                self.define(parent, name, ValueNS, (def, sp, modifiers, vis));
             }
             ItemFn(_, _, _, _, _, _) => {
                 let def = Def::Fn(self.ast_map.local_def_id(item.id));
-                self.define(parent, name, ValueNS, (def, sp, modifiers));
+                self.define(parent, name, ValueNS, (def, sp, modifiers, vis));
             }
 
             // These items live in the type namespace.
             ItemTy(..) => {
                 let def = Def::TyAlias(self.ast_map.local_def_id(item.id));
-                self.define(parent, name, TypeNS, (def, sp, modifiers));
+                self.define(parent, name, TypeNS, (def, sp, modifiers, vis));
             }
 
             ItemEnum(ref enum_definition, _) => {
                 let parent_link = ModuleParentLink(parent, name);
                 let def = Def::Enum(self.ast_map.local_def_id(item.id));
-                let module = self.new_module(parent_link, Some(def), false, is_public);
+                let module = self.new_module(parent_link, Some(def), false, vis);
                 self.define(parent, name, TypeNS, (module, sp));
 
-                let variant_modifiers = if is_public {
-                    DefModifiers::empty()
-                } else {
-                    DefModifiers::PRIVATE_VARIANT
-                };
                 for variant in &(*enum_definition).variants {
                     let item_def_id = self.ast_map.local_def_id(item.id);
-                    self.build_reduced_graph_for_variant(variant, item_def_id,
-                                                         module, variant_modifiers);
+                    self.build_reduced_graph_for_variant(variant, item_def_id, module);
                 }
             }
 
@@ -310,20 +301,20 @@ impl<'b, 'tcx:'b> Resolver<'b, 'tcx> {
             ItemStruct(ref struct_def, _) => {
                 // Define a name in the type namespace.
                 let def = Def::Struct(self.ast_map.local_def_id(item.id));
-                self.define(parent, name, TypeNS, (def, sp, modifiers));
+                self.define(parent, name, TypeNS, (def, sp, modifiers, vis));
 
                 // If this is a newtype or unit-like struct, define a name
                 // in the value namespace as well
                 if !struct_def.is_struct() {
                     let def = Def::Struct(self.ast_map.local_def_id(struct_def.id()));
-                    self.define(parent, name, ValueNS, (def, sp, modifiers));
+                    self.define(parent, name, ValueNS, (def, sp, modifiers, vis));
                 }
 
                 // Record the def ID and fields of this struct.
-                let field_names = struct_def.fields()
-                                            .iter()
-                                            .map(|f| f.name)
-                                            .collect();
+                let field_names = struct_def.fields().iter().map(|field| {
+                    self.resolve_visibility(&field.vis);
+                    field.name
+                }).collect();
                 let item_def_id = self.ast_map.local_def_id(item.id);
                 self.structs.insert(item_def_id, field_names);
             }
@@ -336,7 +327,7 @@ impl<'b, 'tcx:'b> Resolver<'b, 'tcx> {
                 // Add all the items within to a new module.
                 let parent_link = ModuleParentLink(parent, name);
                 let def = Def::Trait(def_id);
-                let module_parent = self.new_module(parent_link, Some(def), false, is_public);
+                let module_parent = self.new_module(parent_link, Some(def), false, vis);
                 self.define(parent, name, TypeNS, (module_parent, sp));
 
                 // Add the names of all the items to the trait info.
@@ -348,8 +339,8 @@ impl<'b, 'tcx:'b> Resolver<'b, 'tcx> {
                         hir::TypeTraitItem(..) => (Def::AssociatedTy(def_id, item_def_id), TypeNS),
                     };
 
-                    let modifiers = DefModifiers::PUBLIC; // NB: not DefModifiers::IMPORTABLE
-                    self.define(module_parent, item.name, ns, (def, item.span, modifiers));
+                    let modifiers = DefModifiers::empty(); // NB: not DefModifiers::IMPORTABLE
+                    self.define(module_parent, item.name, ns, (def, item.span, modifiers, vis));
 
                     self.trait_item_map.insert((item.name, def_id), item_def_id);
                 }
@@ -362,8 +353,7 @@ impl<'b, 'tcx:'b> Resolver<'b, 'tcx> {
     fn build_reduced_graph_for_variant(&mut self,
                                        variant: &Variant,
                                        item_id: DefId,
-                                       parent: Module<'b>,
-                                       variant_modifiers: DefModifiers) {
+                                       parent: Module<'b>) {
         let name = variant.node.name;
         if variant.node.data.is_struct() {
             // Not adding fields for variants as they are not accessed with a self receiver
@@ -373,11 +363,11 @@ impl<'b, 'tcx:'b> Resolver<'b, 'tcx> {
 
         // Variants are always treated as importable to allow them to be glob used.
         // All variants are defined in both type and value namespaces as future-proofing.
-        let modifiers = DefModifiers::PUBLIC | DefModifiers::IMPORTABLE | variant_modifiers;
+        let modifiers = DefModifiers::IMPORTABLE;
         let def = Def::Variant(item_id, self.ast_map.local_def_id(variant.node.data.id()));
 
-        self.define(parent, name, ValueNS, (def, variant.span, modifiers));
-        self.define(parent, name, TypeNS, (def, variant.span, modifiers));
+        self.define(parent, name, ValueNS, (def, variant.span, modifiers, parent.vis));
+        self.define(parent, name, TypeNS, (def, variant.span, modifiers, parent.vis));
     }
 
     /// Constructs the reduced graph for one foreign item.
@@ -385,12 +375,7 @@ impl<'b, 'tcx:'b> Resolver<'b, 'tcx> {
                                             foreign_item: &ForeignItem,
                                             parent: Module<'b>) {
         let name = foreign_item.name;
-        let is_public = foreign_item.vis == hir::Public;
-        let modifiers = if is_public {
-            DefModifiers::PUBLIC
-        } else {
-            DefModifiers::empty()
-        } | DefModifiers::IMPORTABLE;
+        let modifiers = DefModifiers::IMPORTABLE;
 
         let def = match foreign_item.node {
             ForeignItemFn(..) => {
@@ -400,7 +385,9 @@ impl<'b, 'tcx:'b> Resolver<'b, 'tcx> {
                 Def::Static(self.ast_map.local_def_id(foreign_item.id), m)
             }
         };
-        self.define(parent, name, ValueNS, (def, foreign_item.span, modifiers));
+        self.current_module = parent;
+        let vis = self.resolve_visibility(&foreign_item.vis);
+        self.define(parent, name, ValueNS, (def, foreign_item.span, modifiers, vis));
     }
 
     fn build_reduced_graph_for_block(&mut self, block: &Block, parent: &mut Module<'b>) {
@@ -412,7 +399,7 @@ impl<'b, 'tcx:'b> Resolver<'b, 'tcx> {
                    block_id);
 
             let parent_link = BlockParentLink(parent, block_id);
-            let new_module = self.new_module(parent_link, None, false, false);
+            let new_module = self.new_module(parent_link, None, false, parent.vis);
             parent.module_children.borrow_mut().insert(block_id, new_module);
             *parent = new_module;
         }
@@ -434,32 +421,27 @@ impl<'b, 'tcx:'b> Resolver<'b, 'tcx> {
         }
 
         let name = xcdef.name;
-        let is_public = xcdef.vis == ty::Visibility::Public || parent.is_trait();
-
-        let mut modifiers = DefModifiers::empty();
-        if is_public {
-            modifiers = modifiers | DefModifiers::PUBLIC;
-        }
-        if parent.is_normal() {
-            modifiers = modifiers | DefModifiers::IMPORTABLE;
-        }
+        let vis = if parent.is_trait() { ty::Visibility::Public } else { xcdef.vis };
+        let modifiers = match parent.is_normal() {
+            true => DefModifiers::IMPORTABLE,
+            false => DefModifiers::empty(),
+        };
 
         match def {
             Def::Mod(_) | Def::ForeignMod(_) | Def::Enum(..) => {
-                debug!("(building reduced graph for external crate) building module {} {}",
-                       name,
-                       is_public);
+                debug!("(building reduced graph for external crate) building module {} {:?}",
+                       name, vis);
                 let parent_link = ModuleParentLink(parent, name);
-                let module = self.new_module(parent_link, Some(def), true, is_public);
+                let module = self.new_module(parent_link, Some(def), true, vis);
                 self.try_define(parent, name, TypeNS, (module, DUMMY_SP));
             }
             Def::Variant(_, variant_id) => {
                 debug!("(building reduced graph for external crate) building variant {}", name);
                 // Variants are always treated as importable to allow them to be glob used.
                 // All variants are defined in both type and value namespaces as future-proofing.
-                let modifiers = DefModifiers::PUBLIC | DefModifiers::IMPORTABLE;
-                self.try_define(parent, name, TypeNS, (def, DUMMY_SP, modifiers));
-                self.try_define(parent, name, ValueNS, (def, DUMMY_SP, modifiers));
+                let modifiers = DefModifiers::IMPORTABLE;
+                self.try_define(parent, name, TypeNS, (def, DUMMY_SP, modifiers, vis));
+                self.try_define(parent, name, ValueNS, (def, DUMMY_SP, modifiers, vis));
                 if self.session.cstore.variant_kind(variant_id) == Some(VariantKind::Struct) {
                     // Not adding fields for variants as they are not accessed with a self receiver
                     self.structs.insert(variant_id, Vec::new());
@@ -472,7 +454,7 @@ impl<'b, 'tcx:'b> Resolver<'b, 'tcx> {
             Def::Method(..) => {
                 debug!("(building reduced graph for external crate) building value (fn/static) {}",
                        name);
-                self.try_define(parent, name, ValueNS, (def, DUMMY_SP, modifiers));
+                self.try_define(parent, name, ValueNS, (def, DUMMY_SP, modifiers, vis));
             }
             Def::Trait(def_id) => {
                 debug!("(building reduced graph for external crate) building type {}", name);
@@ -493,21 +475,21 @@ impl<'b, 'tcx:'b> Resolver<'b, 'tcx> {
                 }
 
                 let parent_link = ModuleParentLink(parent, name);
-                let module = self.new_module(parent_link, Some(def), true, is_public);
+                let module = self.new_module(parent_link, Some(def), true, vis);
                 self.try_define(parent, name, TypeNS, (module, DUMMY_SP));
             }
             Def::TyAlias(..) | Def::AssociatedTy(..) => {
                 debug!("(building reduced graph for external crate) building type {}", name);
-                self.try_define(parent, name, TypeNS, (def, DUMMY_SP, modifiers));
+                self.try_define(parent, name, TypeNS, (def, DUMMY_SP, modifiers, vis));
             }
             Def::Struct(def_id)
                 if self.session.cstore.tuple_struct_definition_if_ctor(def_id).is_none() => {
                 debug!("(building reduced graph for external crate) building type and value for {}",
                        name);
-                self.try_define(parent, name, TypeNS, (def, DUMMY_SP, modifiers));
+                self.try_define(parent, name, TypeNS, (def, DUMMY_SP, modifiers, vis));
                 if let Some(ctor_def_id) = self.session.cstore.struct_ctor_def_id(def_id) {
                     let def = Def::Struct(ctor_def_id);
-                    self.try_define(parent, name, ValueNS, (def, DUMMY_SP, modifiers));
+                    self.try_define(parent, name, ValueNS, (def, DUMMY_SP, modifiers, vis));
                 }
 
                 // Record the def ID and fields of this struct.
diff --git a/src/librustc_resolve/lib.rs b/src/librustc_resolve/lib.rs
index 5f4244caa62..2147331d441 100644
--- a/src/librustc_resolve/lib.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_resolve/lib.rs
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ use rustc::middle::cstore::CrateStore;
 use rustc::hir::def::*;
 use rustc::hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc::hir::pat_util::pat_bindings;
+use rustc::ty;
 use rustc::ty::subst::{ParamSpace, FnSpace, TypeSpace};
 use rustc::hir::{Freevar, FreevarMap, TraitMap, GlobMap};
 use rustc::util::nodemap::{NodeMap, FnvHashMap, FnvHashSet};
@@ -820,7 +821,7 @@ enum ParentLink<'a> {
 pub struct ModuleS<'a> {
     parent_link: ParentLink<'a>,
     def: Option<Def>,
-    is_public: bool,
+    vis: ty::Visibility,
 
     // If the module is an extern crate, `def` is root of the external crate and `extern_crate_id`
     // is the NodeId of the local `extern crate` item (otherwise, `extern_crate_id` is None).
@@ -864,12 +865,12 @@ impl<'a> ModuleS<'a> {
     fn new(parent_link: ParentLink<'a>,
            def: Option<Def>,
            external: bool,
-           is_public: bool,
+           vis: ty::Visibility,
            arenas: &'a ResolverArenas<'a>) -> Self {
         ModuleS {
             parent_link: parent_link,
             def: def,
-            is_public: is_public,
+            vis: vis,
             extern_crate_id: None,
             resolutions: RefCell::new(HashMap::new()),
             unresolved_imports: RefCell::new(Vec::new()),
@@ -892,9 +893,10 @@ impl<'a> ModuleS<'a> {
         self.def.as_ref().map(Def::def_id)
     }
 
+    // `self` resolves to the first module ancestor that `is_normal`.
     fn is_normal(&self) -> bool {
         match self.def {
-            Some(Def::Mod(_)) | Some(Def::ForeignMod(_)) => true,
+            Some(Def::Mod(_)) => true,
             _ => false,
         }
     }
@@ -905,40 +907,18 @@ impl<'a> ModuleS<'a> {
             _ => false,
         }
     }
-
-    fn is_ancestor_of(&self, module: Module<'a>) -> bool {
-        if self.def_id() == module.def_id() { return true }
-        match module.parent_link {
-            ParentLink::BlockParentLink(parent, _) |
-            ParentLink::ModuleParentLink(parent, _) => self.is_ancestor_of(parent),
-            _ => false,
-        }
-    }
 }
 
 impl<'a> fmt::Debug for ModuleS<'a> {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
-        write!(f,
-               "{:?}, {}",
-               self.def,
-               if self.is_public {
-                   "public"
-               } else {
-                   "private"
-               })
+        write!(f, "{:?}, {:?}", self.def, self.vis)
     }
 }
 
 bitflags! {
     #[derive(Debug)]
     flags DefModifiers: u8 {
-        // Enum variants are always considered `PUBLIC`, this is needed for `use Enum::Variant`
-        // or `use Enum::*` to work on private enums.
-        const PUBLIC     = 1 << 0,
         const IMPORTABLE = 1 << 1,
-        // Variants are considered `PUBLIC`, but some of them live in private enums.
-        // We need to track them to prohibit reexports like `pub use PrivEnum::Variant`.
-        const PRIVATE_VARIANT = 1 << 2,
         const GLOB_IMPORTED = 1 << 3,
     }
 }
@@ -949,6 +929,7 @@ pub struct NameBinding<'a> {
     modifiers: DefModifiers,
     kind: NameBindingKind<'a>,
     span: Option<Span>,
+    vis: ty::Visibility,
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
@@ -968,13 +949,12 @@ struct PrivacyError<'a>(Span, Name, &'a NameBinding<'a>);
 
 impl<'a> NameBinding<'a> {
     fn create_from_module(module: Module<'a>, span: Option<Span>) -> Self {
-        let modifiers = if module.is_public {
-            DefModifiers::PUBLIC
-        } else {
-            DefModifiers::empty()
-        } | DefModifiers::IMPORTABLE;
-
-        NameBinding { modifiers: modifiers, kind: NameBindingKind::Module(module), span: span }
+        NameBinding {
+            modifiers: DefModifiers::IMPORTABLE,
+            kind: NameBindingKind::Module(module),
+            span: span,
+            vis: module.vis,
+        }
     }
 
     fn module(&self) -> Option<Module<'a>> {
@@ -997,8 +977,20 @@ impl<'a> NameBinding<'a> {
         self.modifiers.contains(modifiers)
     }
 
-    fn is_public(&self) -> bool {
-        self.defined_with(DefModifiers::PUBLIC)
+    fn is_pseudo_public(&self) -> bool {
+        self.pseudo_vis() == ty::Visibility::Public
+    }
+
+    // We sometimes need to treat variants as `pub` for backwards compatibility
+    fn pseudo_vis(&self) -> ty::Visibility {
+        if self.is_variant() { ty::Visibility::Public } else { self.vis }
+    }
+
+    fn is_variant(&self) -> bool {
+        match self.kind {
+            NameBindingKind::Def(Def::Variant(..)) => true,
+            _ => false,
+        }
     }
 
     fn is_extern_crate(&self) -> bool {
@@ -1148,8 +1140,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
            arenas: &'a ResolverArenas<'a>)
            -> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
         let root_def_id = ast_map.local_def_id(CRATE_NODE_ID);
+        let vis = ty::Visibility::Public;
         let graph_root =
-            ModuleS::new(NoParentLink, Some(Def::Mod(root_def_id)), false, true, arenas);
+            ModuleS::new(NoParentLink, Some(Def::Mod(root_def_id)), false, vis, arenas);
         let graph_root = arenas.alloc_module(graph_root);
 
         Resolver {
@@ -1209,17 +1202,17 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
                   parent_link: ParentLink<'a>,
                   def: Option<Def>,
                   external: bool,
-                  is_public: bool) -> Module<'a> {
-        self.arenas.alloc_module(ModuleS::new(parent_link, def, external, is_public, self.arenas))
+                  vis: ty::Visibility) -> Module<'a> {
+        self.arenas.alloc_module(ModuleS::new(parent_link, def, external, vis, self.arenas))
     }
 
     fn new_extern_crate_module(&self,
                                parent_link: ParentLink<'a>,
                                def: Def,
-                               is_public: bool,
+                               vis: ty::Visibility,
                                local_node_id: NodeId)
                                -> Module<'a> {
-        let mut module = ModuleS::new(parent_link, Some(def), false, is_public, self.arenas);
+        let mut module = ModuleS::new(parent_link, Some(def), false, vis, self.arenas);
         module.extern_crate_id = Some(local_node_id);
         self.arenas.modules.alloc(module)
     }
@@ -1335,7 +1328,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
                     // Check to see whether there are type bindings, and, if
                     // so, whether there is a module within.
                     if let Some(module_def) = binding.module() {
-                        self.check_privacy(search_module, name, binding, span);
+                        self.check_privacy(name, binding, span);
                         search_module = module_def;
                     } else {
                         let msg = format!("Not a module `{}`", name);
@@ -1466,7 +1459,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
     }
 
     /// Returns the nearest normal module parent of the given module.
-    fn get_nearest_normal_module_parent(&mut self, module_: Module<'a>) -> Option<Module<'a>> {
+    fn get_nearest_normal_module_parent(&self, module_: Module<'a>) -> Option<Module<'a>> {
         let mut module_ = module_;
         loop {
             match module_.parent_link {
@@ -1485,7 +1478,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
 
     /// Returns the nearest normal module parent of the given module, or the
     /// module itself if it is a normal module.
-    fn get_nearest_normal_module_parent_or_self(&mut self, module_: Module<'a>) -> Module<'a> {
+    fn get_nearest_normal_module_parent_or_self(&self, module_: Module<'a>) -> Module<'a> {
         if module_.is_normal() {
             return module_;
         }
@@ -1617,7 +1610,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
 
     fn resolve_crate(&mut self, krate: &hir::Crate) {
         debug!("(resolving crate) starting");
-
+        self.current_module = self.graph_root;
         intravisit::walk_crate(self, krate);
     }
 
@@ -1980,6 +1973,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
                 this.with_self_rib(Def::SelfTy(trait_id, Some((item_id, self_type.id))), |this| {
                     this.with_current_self_type(self_type, |this| {
                         for impl_item in impl_items {
+                            this.resolve_visibility(&impl_item.vis);
                             match impl_item.node {
                                 hir::ImplItemKind::Const(..) => {
                                     // If this is a trait impl, ensure the const
@@ -2772,7 +2766,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
         let name = segments.last().unwrap().identifier.name;
         let result = self.resolve_name_in_module(containing_module, name, namespace, false, true);
         result.success().map(|binding| {
-            self.check_privacy(containing_module, name, binding, span);
+            self.check_privacy(name, binding, span);
             binding.def().unwrap()
         }).ok_or(false)
     }
@@ -2822,7 +2816,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
         let name = segments.last().unwrap().identifier.name;
         let result = self.resolve_name_in_module(containing_module, name, namespace, false, true);
         result.success().map(|binding| {
-            self.check_privacy(containing_module, name, binding, span);
+            self.check_privacy(name, binding, span);
             binding.def().unwrap()
         }).ok_or(false)
     }
@@ -3314,7 +3308,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
                         // only if both the module is public and the entity is
                         // declared as public (due to pruning, we don't explore
                         // outside crate private modules => no need to check this)
-                        if !in_module_is_extern || name_binding.is_public() {
+                        if !in_module_is_extern || name_binding.vis == ty::Visibility::Public {
                             lookup_results.push(path);
                         }
                     }
@@ -3339,7 +3333,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
                         _ => bug!(),
                     };
 
-                    if !in_module_is_extern || name_binding.is_public() {
+                    if !in_module_is_extern || name_binding.vis == ty::Visibility::Public {
                         // add the module to the lookup
                         let is_extern = in_module_is_extern || name_binding.is_extern_crate();
                         worklist.push((module, path_segments, is_extern));
@@ -3379,16 +3373,51 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Resolver<'a, 'tcx> {
         }
     }
 
-    fn is_visible(&self, binding: &'a NameBinding<'a>, parent: Module<'a>) -> bool {
-        binding.is_public() || parent.is_ancestor_of(self.current_module)
+    fn resolve_visibility(&mut self, vis: &hir::Visibility) -> ty::Visibility {
+        let (path, id) = match *vis {
+            hir::Public => return ty::Visibility::Public,
+            hir::Visibility::Crate => return ty::Visibility::Restricted(ast::CRATE_NODE_ID),
+            hir::Visibility::Restricted { ref path, id } => (path, id),
+            hir::Inherited => {
+                let current_module =
+                    self.get_nearest_normal_module_parent_or_self(self.current_module);
+                let id = self.ast_map.as_local_node_id(current_module.def_id().unwrap()).unwrap();
+                return ty::Visibility::Restricted(id);
+            }
+        };
+
+        let segments: Vec<_> = path.segments.iter().map(|seg| seg.identifier.name).collect();
+        let vis = match self.resolve_module_path(&segments, DontUseLexicalScope, path.span) {
+            Success(module) => {
+                let def = module.def.unwrap();
+                let path_resolution = PathResolution { base_def: def, depth: 0 };
+                self.def_map.borrow_mut().insert(id, path_resolution);
+                ty::Visibility::Restricted(self.ast_map.as_local_node_id(def.def_id()).unwrap())
+            }
+            Failed(Some((span, msg))) => {
+                self.session.span_err(span, &format!("failed to resolve module path. {}", msg));
+                ty::Visibility::Public
+            }
+            _ => {
+                self.session.span_err(path.span, "unresolved module path");
+                ty::Visibility::Public
+            }
+        };
+        if !self.is_accessible(vis) {
+            let msg = format!("visibilities can only be restricted to ancestor modules");
+            self.session.span_err(path.span, &msg);
+        }
+        vis
+    }
+
+    fn is_accessible(&self, vis: ty::Visibility) -> bool {
+        let current_module = self.get_nearest_normal_module_parent_or_self(self.current_module);
+        let node_id = self.ast_map.as_local_node_id(current_module.def_id().unwrap()).unwrap();
+        vis.is_accessible_from(node_id, &self.ast_map)
     }
 
-    fn check_privacy(&mut self,
-                     module: Module<'a>,
-                     name: Name,
-                     binding: &'a NameBinding<'a>,
-                     span: Span) {
-        if !self.is_visible(binding, module) {
+    fn check_privacy(&mut self, name: Name, binding: &'a NameBinding<'a>, span: Span) {
+        if !self.is_accessible(binding.vis) {
             self.privacy_errors.push(PrivacyError(span, name, binding));
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/librustc_resolve/resolve_imports.rs b/src/librustc_resolve/resolve_imports.rs
index ff684d37653..e712dbdcbf7 100644
--- a/src/librustc_resolve/resolve_imports.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_resolve/resolve_imports.rs
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ use UseLexicalScopeFlag::DontUseLexicalScope;
 use {names_to_string, module_to_string};
 use {resolve_error, ResolutionError};
 
+use rustc::ty;
 use rustc::lint;
 use rustc::hir::def::*;
 
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ pub struct ImportDirective<'a> {
     subclass: ImportDirectiveSubclass,
     span: Span,
     id: NodeId,
-    is_public: bool, // see note in ImportResolutionPerNamespace about how to use this
+    vis: ty::Visibility, // see note in ImportResolutionPerNamespace about how to use this
     is_prelude: bool,
 }
 
@@ -72,10 +73,7 @@ impl<'a> ImportDirective<'a> {
     // this returns the binding for the name this directive defines in that namespace.
     fn import(&self, binding: &'a NameBinding<'a>, privacy_error: Option<Box<PrivacyError<'a>>>)
               -> NameBinding<'a> {
-        let mut modifiers = match self.is_public {
-            true => DefModifiers::PUBLIC | DefModifiers::IMPORTABLE,
-            false => DefModifiers::empty(),
-        };
+        let mut modifiers = DefModifiers::IMPORTABLE;
         if let GlobImport = self.subclass {
             modifiers = modifiers | DefModifiers::GLOB_IMPORTED;
         }
@@ -88,6 +86,7 @@ impl<'a> ImportDirective<'a> {
             },
             span: Some(self.span),
             modifiers: modifiers,
+            vis: self.vis,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -184,8 +183,8 @@ impl<'a> NameResolution<'a> {
                 // If (1) we don't allow private imports, (2) no public single import can define
                 // the name, and (3) no public glob has defined the name, the resolution depends
                 // on whether more globs can define the name.
-                if !allow_private_imports && !directive.is_public &&
-                   !self.binding.map(NameBinding::is_public).unwrap_or(false) {
+                if !allow_private_imports && directive.vis != ty::Visibility::Public &&
+                   !self.binding.map(NameBinding::is_pseudo_public).unwrap_or(false) {
                     return None;
                 }
 
@@ -243,14 +242,15 @@ impl<'a> ::ModuleS<'a> {
         if let Some(result) = resolution.try_result(ns, allow_private_imports) {
             // If the resolution doesn't depend on glob definability, check privacy and return.
             return result.and_then(|binding| {
-                let allowed = allow_private_imports || !binding.is_import() || binding.is_public();
+                let allowed = allow_private_imports || !binding.is_import() ||
+                                                       binding.is_pseudo_public();
                 if allowed { Success(binding) } else { Failed(None) }
             });
         }
 
         // Check if the globs are determined
         for directive in self.globs.borrow().iter() {
-            if !allow_private_imports && !directive.is_public { continue }
+            if !allow_private_imports && directive.vis != ty::Visibility::Public { continue }
             match directive.target_module.get() {
                 None => return Indeterminate,
                 Some(target_module) => match target_module.resolve_name(name, ns, false) {
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ impl<'a> ::ModuleS<'a> {
                                 subclass: ImportDirectiveSubclass,
                                 span: Span,
                                 id: NodeId,
-                                is_public: bool,
+                                vis: ty::Visibility,
                                 is_prelude: bool) {
         let directive = self.arenas.alloc_import_directive(ImportDirective {
             module_path: module_path,
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ impl<'a> ::ModuleS<'a> {
             subclass: subclass,
             span: span,
             id: id,
-            is_public: is_public,
+            vis: vis,
             is_prelude: is_prelude,
         });
 
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ impl<'a> ::ModuleS<'a> {
     }
 
     fn define_in_glob_importers(&self, name: Name, ns: Namespace, binding: &'a NameBinding<'a>) {
-        if !binding.defined_with(DefModifiers::PUBLIC | DefModifiers::IMPORTABLE) { return }
+        if !binding.defined_with(DefModifiers::IMPORTABLE) || !binding.is_pseudo_public() { return }
         for &(importer, directive) in self.glob_importers.borrow_mut().iter() {
             let _ = importer.try_define_child(name, ns, directive.import(binding, None));
         }
@@ -413,6 +413,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b:'a, 'tcx:'b> ImportResolver<'a, 'b, 'tcx> {
                 modifiers: DefModifiers::GLOB_IMPORTED,
                 kind: NameBindingKind::Def(Def::Err),
                 span: None,
+                vis: ty::Visibility::Public,
             });
             let dummy_binding = e.import_directive.import(dummy_binding, None);
 
@@ -521,7 +522,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b:'a, 'tcx:'b> ImportResolver<'a, 'b, 'tcx> {
                     span_err!(self.resolver.session, directive.span, E0253, "{}", &msg);
                 }
 
-                let privacy_error = if !self.resolver.is_visible(binding, target_module) {
+                let privacy_error = if !self.resolver.is_accessible(binding.vis) {
                     Some(Box::new(PrivacyError(directive.span, source, binding)))
                 } else {
                     None
@@ -567,10 +568,10 @@ impl<'a, 'b:'a, 'tcx:'b> ImportResolver<'a, 'b, 'tcx> {
             _ => (),
         }
 
+        let ast_map = self.resolver.ast_map;
         match (&value_result, &type_result) {
-            (&Success(name_binding), _) if !name_binding.is_import() &&
-                                           directive.is_public &&
-                                           !name_binding.is_public() => {
+            (&Success(binding), _) if !binding.pseudo_vis().is_at_least(directive.vis, ast_map) &&
+                                      self.resolver.is_accessible(binding.vis) => {
                 let msg = format!("`{}` is private, and cannot be reexported", source);
                 let note_msg = format!("consider marking `{}` as `pub` in the imported module",
                                         source);
@@ -579,10 +580,9 @@ impl<'a, 'b:'a, 'tcx:'b> ImportResolver<'a, 'b, 'tcx> {
                     .emit();
             }
 
-            (_, &Success(name_binding)) if !name_binding.is_import() &&
-                                           directive.is_public &&
-                                           !name_binding.is_public() => {
-                if name_binding.is_extern_crate() {
+            (_, &Success(binding)) if !binding.pseudo_vis().is_at_least(directive.vis, ast_map) &&
+                                      self.resolver.is_accessible(binding.vis) => {
+                if binding.is_extern_crate() {
                     let msg = format!("extern crate `{}` is private, and cannot be reexported \
                                        (error E0364), consider declaring with `pub`",
                                        source);
@@ -662,7 +662,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b:'a, 'tcx:'b> ImportResolver<'a, 'b, 'tcx> {
             resolution.borrow().binding().map(|binding| (*name, binding))
         }).collect::<Vec<_>>();
         for ((name, ns), binding) in bindings {
-            if binding.defined_with(DefModifiers::IMPORTABLE | DefModifiers::PUBLIC) {
+            if binding.defined_with(DefModifiers::IMPORTABLE) && binding.is_pseudo_public() {
                 let _ = module_.try_define_child(name, ns, directive.import(binding, None));
             }
         }
@@ -698,15 +698,16 @@ impl<'a, 'b:'a, 'tcx:'b> ImportResolver<'a, 'b, 'tcx> {
                 None => continue,
             };
 
-            if binding.is_public() && (binding.is_import() || binding.is_extern_crate()) {
+            if binding.vis == ty::Visibility::Public &&
+               (binding.is_import() || binding.is_extern_crate()) {
                 if let Some(def) = binding.def() {
                     reexports.push(Export { name: name, def_id: def.def_id() });
                 }
             }
 
             if let NameBindingKind::Import { binding: orig_binding, id, .. } = binding.kind {
-                if ns == TypeNS && binding.is_public() &&
-                   orig_binding.defined_with(DefModifiers::PRIVATE_VARIANT) {
+                if ns == TypeNS && orig_binding.is_variant() &&
+                   !orig_binding.vis.is_at_least(binding.vis, &self.resolver.ast_map) {
                     let msg = format!("variant `{}` is private, and cannot be reexported \
                                        (error E0364), consider declaring its enum as `pub`",
                                       name);
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/clean/inline.rs b/src/librustdoc/clean/inline.rs
index 85097549826..1e9796c5f66 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/clean/inline.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/clean/inline.rs
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ fn try_inline_def(cx: &DocContext, tcx: &TyCtxt,
         name: Some(tcx.item_name(did).to_string()),
         attrs: load_attrs(cx, tcx, did),
         inner: inner,
-        visibility: Some(hir::Public),
+        visibility: Some(clean::Public),
         stability: stability::lookup_stability(tcx, did).clean(cx),
         deprecation: stability::lookup_deprecation(tcx, did).clean(cx),
         def_id: did,
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ pub fn build_impl(cx: &DocContext,
             source: clean::Span::empty(),
             name: None,
             attrs: attrs,
-            visibility: Some(hir::Inherited),
+            visibility: Some(clean::Inherited),
             stability: stability::lookup_stability(tcx, did).clean(cx),
             deprecation: stability::lookup_deprecation(tcx, did).clean(cx),
             def_id: did,
@@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ pub fn build_impl(cx: &DocContext,
         source: clean::Span::empty(),
         name: None,
         attrs: attrs,
-        visibility: Some(hir::Inherited),
+        visibility: Some(clean::Inherited),
         stability: stability::lookup_stability(tcx, did).clean(cx),
         deprecation: stability::lookup_deprecation(tcx, did).clean(cx),
         def_id: did,
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/clean/mod.rs b/src/librustdoc/clean/mod.rs
index e2189e003ae..42db93e1803 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/clean/mod.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/clean/mod.rs
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ pub use self::Attribute::*;
 pub use self::TyParamBound::*;
 pub use self::SelfTy::*;
 pub use self::FunctionRetTy::*;
+pub use self::Visibility::*;
 
 use syntax;
 use syntax::abi::Abi;
@@ -183,7 +184,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Clean<Crate> for visit_ast::RustdocVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
                     source: Span::empty(),
                     name: Some(prim.to_url_str().to_string()),
                     attrs: child.attrs.clone(),
-                    visibility: Some(hir::Public),
+                    visibility: Some(Public),
                     stability: None,
                     deprecation: None,
                     def_id: DefId::local(prim.to_def_index()),
@@ -1391,7 +1392,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Clean<Item> for ty::Method<'tcx> {
 
         Item {
             name: Some(self.name.clean(cx)),
-            visibility: Some(hir::Inherited),
+            visibility: Some(Inherited),
             stability: get_stability(cx, self.def_id),
             deprecation: get_deprecation(cx, self.def_id),
             def_id: self.def_id,
@@ -1777,17 +1778,21 @@ impl<'tcx> Clean<Item> for ty::FieldDefData<'tcx, 'static> {
     }
 }
 
-pub type Visibility = hir::Visibility;
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, RustcDecodable, RustcEncodable, Debug)]
+pub enum Visibility {
+    Public,
+    Inherited,
+}
 
 impl Clean<Option<Visibility>> for hir::Visibility {
     fn clean(&self, _: &DocContext) -> Option<Visibility> {
-        Some(self.clone())
+        Some(if *self == hir::Visibility::Public { Public } else { Inherited })
     }
 }
 
 impl Clean<Option<Visibility>> for ty::Visibility {
     fn clean(&self, _: &DocContext) -> Option<Visibility> {
-        Some(if *self == ty::Visibility::Public { hir::Public } else { hir::Inherited })
+        Some(if *self == ty::Visibility::Public { Public } else { Inherited })
     }
 }
 
@@ -1919,7 +1924,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Clean<Item> for ty::VariantDefData<'tcx, 'static> {
             name: Some(self.name.clean(cx)),
             attrs: inline::load_attrs(cx, cx.tcx(), self.did),
             source: Span::empty(),
-            visibility: Some(hir::Inherited),
+            visibility: Some(Inherited),
             def_id: self.did,
             inner: VariantItem(Variant { kind: kind }),
             stability: get_stability(cx, self.did),
@@ -2341,7 +2346,7 @@ impl Clean<Item> for doctree::DefaultImpl {
             attrs: self.attrs.clean(cx),
             source: self.whence.clean(cx),
             def_id: cx.map.local_def_id(self.id),
-            visibility: Some(hir::Public),
+            visibility: Some(Public),
             stability: None,
             deprecation: None,
             inner: DefaultImplItem(DefaultImpl {
@@ -2700,7 +2705,7 @@ impl Clean<Item> for doctree::Macro {
             name: Some(name.clone()),
             attrs: self.attrs.clean(cx),
             source: self.whence.clean(cx),
-            visibility: hir::Public.clean(cx),
+            visibility: Some(Public),
             stability: self.stab.clean(cx),
             deprecation: self.depr.clean(cx),
             def_id: cx.map.local_def_id(self.id),
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/html/format.rs b/src/librustdoc/html/format.rs
index ce20ad05acb..d2b43ae5bda 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/html/format.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/html/format.rs
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ use html::render::{cache, CURRENT_LOCATION_KEY};
 /// Helper to render an optional visibility with a space after it (if the
 /// visibility is preset)
 #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
-pub struct VisSpace<'a>(pub &'a Option<hir::Visibility>);
+pub struct VisSpace<'a>(pub &'a Option<clean::Visibility>);
 /// Similarly to VisSpace, this structure is used to render a function style with a
 /// space after it.
 #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ pub struct CommaSep<'a, T: 'a>(pub &'a [T]);
 pub struct AbiSpace(pub Abi);
 
 impl<'a> VisSpace<'a> {
-    pub fn get(self) -> &'a Option<hir::Visibility> {
+    pub fn get(self) -> &'a Option<clean::Visibility> {
         let VisSpace(v) = self; v
     }
 }
@@ -639,8 +639,8 @@ impl<'a> fmt::Display for Method<'a> {
 impl<'a> fmt::Display for VisSpace<'a> {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
         match *self.get() {
-            Some(hir::Public) => write!(f, "pub "),
-            Some(hir::Inherited) | None => Ok(())
+            Some(clean::Public) => write!(f, "pub "),
+            Some(clean::Inherited) | None => Ok(())
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/html/render.rs b/src/librustdoc/html/render.rs
index ba1fbc75c18..864e10407d5 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/html/render.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/html/render.rs
@@ -1408,7 +1408,8 @@ impl Context {
         match it.inner {
             clean::StrippedItem(..) => true,
             clean::ModuleItem(ref m) => {
-                it.doc_value().is_none() && m.items.is_empty() && it.visibility != Some(hir::Public)
+                it.doc_value().is_none() && m.items.is_empty()
+                                         && it.visibility != Some(clean::Public)
             },
             _ => false,
         }
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/passes.rs b/src/librustdoc/passes.rs
index adc39b69986..0042afb1fd5 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/passes.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/passes.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ use rustc::util::nodemap::DefIdSet;
 use std::cmp;
 use std::string::String;
 use std::usize;
-use rustc::hir;
 
 use clean::{self, Attributes, GetDefId};
 use clean::Item;
@@ -133,13 +132,13 @@ impl<'a> fold::DocFolder for Stripper<'a> {
             }
 
             clean::StructFieldItem(..) => {
-                if i.visibility != Some(hir::Public) {
+                if i.visibility != Some(clean::Public) {
                     return Strip(i).fold();
                 }
             }
 
             clean::ModuleItem(..) => {
-                if i.def_id.is_local() && i.visibility != Some(hir::Public) {
+                if i.def_id.is_local() && i.visibility != Some(clean::Public) {
                     return Strip(self.fold_item_recur(i).unwrap()).fold()
                 }
             }
@@ -226,7 +225,7 @@ impl fold::DocFolder for ImportStripper {
     fn fold_item(&mut self, i: Item) -> Option<Item> {
         match i.inner {
             clean::ExternCrateItem(..) |
-            clean::ImportItem(..) if i.visibility != Some(hir::Public) => None,
+            clean::ImportItem(..) if i.visibility != Some(clean::Public) => None,
             _ => self.fold_item_recur(i)
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/ast.rs b/src/libsyntax/ast.rs
index 16d4ed53b5b..df9f935446d 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/ast.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/ast.rs
@@ -1887,7 +1887,7 @@ pub struct PolyTraitRef {
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, RustcEncodable, RustcDecodable, Hash, Debug)]
 pub enum Visibility {
     Public,
-    Crate,
+    Crate(Span),
     Restricted { path: P<Path>, id: NodeId },
     Inherited,
 }
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/feature_gate.rs b/src/libsyntax/feature_gate.rs
index 24a62a3dc2a..d8352430eb9 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/feature_gate.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/feature_gate.rs
@@ -256,6 +256,9 @@ const KNOWN_FEATURES: &'static [(&'static str, &'static str, Option<u32>, Status
 
     // impl specialization (RFC 1210)
     ("specialization", "1.7.0", Some(31844), Active),
+
+    // pub(restricted) visibilities (RFC 1422)
+    ("pub_restricted", "1.9.0", Some(32409), Active),
 ];
 // (changing above list without updating src/doc/reference.md makes @cmr sad)
 
@@ -608,6 +611,7 @@ pub struct Features {
     pub deprecated: bool,
     pub question_mark: bool,
     pub specialization: bool,
+    pub pub_restricted: bool,
 }
 
 impl Features {
@@ -644,6 +648,7 @@ impl Features {
             deprecated: false,
             question_mark: false,
             specialization: false,
+            pub_restricted: false,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -1159,6 +1164,15 @@ impl<'a, 'v> Visitor<'v> for PostExpansionVisitor<'a> {
         }
         visit::walk_impl_item(self, ii);
     }
+
+    fn visit_vis(&mut self, vis: &'v ast::Visibility) {
+        let span = match *vis {
+            ast::Visibility::Crate(span) => span,
+            ast::Visibility::Restricted { ref path, .. } => path.span,
+            _ => return,
+        };
+        self.gate_feature("pub_restricted", span, "`pub(restricted)` syntax is experimental");
+    }
 }
 
 fn check_crate_inner<F>(cm: &CodeMap, span_handler: &Handler,
@@ -1256,6 +1270,7 @@ fn check_crate_inner<F>(cm: &CodeMap, span_handler: &Handler,
         deprecated: cx.has_feature("deprecated"),
         question_mark: cx.has_feature("question_mark"),
         specialization: cx.has_feature("specialization"),
+        pub_restricted: cx.has_feature("pub_restricted"),
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/fold.rs b/src/libsyntax/fold.rs
index 5d378763bef..89451e79550 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/fold.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/fold.rs
@@ -850,7 +850,7 @@ pub fn noop_fold_struct_field<T: Folder>(f: StructField, fld: &mut T) -> StructF
         span: fld.new_span(f.span),
         id: fld.new_id(f.id),
         ident: f.ident.map(|ident| fld.fold_ident(ident)),
-        vis: f.vis,
+        vis: fld.fold_vis(f.vis),
         ty: fld.fold_ty(f.ty),
         attrs: fold_attrs(f.attrs, fld),
     }
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/parse/parser.rs b/src/libsyntax/parse/parser.rs
index f41aa835a75..05cd53a8a8e 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/parse/parser.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/parse/parser.rs
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ bitflags! {
         const RESTRICTION_STMT_EXPR         = 1 << 0,
         const RESTRICTION_NO_STRUCT_LITERAL = 1 << 1,
         const NO_NONINLINE_MOD  = 1 << 2,
+        const ALLOW_MODULE_PATHS = 1 << 3,
     }
 }
 
@@ -560,7 +561,9 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
     }
 
     pub fn parse_ident(&mut self) -> PResult<'a, ast::Ident> {
-        self.check_strict_keywords();
+        if !self.restrictions.contains(Restrictions::ALLOW_MODULE_PATHS) {
+            self.check_strict_keywords();
+        }
         self.check_reserved_keywords();
         match self.token {
             token::Ident(i, _) => {
@@ -4937,7 +4940,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
 
         let mut attrs = self.parse_outer_attributes()?;
         let lo = self.span.lo;
-        let vis = self.parse_visibility()?;
+        let vis = self.parse_visibility(true)?;
         let defaultness = self.parse_defaultness()?;
         let (name, node) = if self.eat_keyword(keywords::Type) {
             let name = self.parse_ident()?;
@@ -5249,7 +5252,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             |p| {
                 let attrs = p.parse_outer_attributes()?;
                 let lo = p.span.lo;
-                let vis = p.parse_visibility()?;
+                let vis = p.parse_visibility(false)?;
                 let ty = p.parse_ty_sum()?;
                 Ok(StructField {
                     span: mk_sp(lo, p.span.hi),
@@ -5289,20 +5292,26 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
 
     /// Parse an element of a struct definition
     fn parse_struct_decl_field(&mut self) -> PResult<'a, StructField> {
-
         let attrs = self.parse_outer_attributes()?;
-
-        if self.eat_keyword(keywords::Pub) {
-            return self.parse_single_struct_field(Visibility::Public, attrs);
-        }
-
-        return self.parse_single_struct_field(Visibility::Inherited, attrs);
+        let vis = self.parse_visibility(true)?;
+        self.parse_single_struct_field(vis, attrs)
     }
 
-    /// Parse visibility: PUB or nothing
-    fn parse_visibility(&mut self) -> PResult<'a, Visibility> {
-        if self.eat_keyword(keywords::Pub) { Ok(Visibility::Public) }
-        else { Ok(Visibility::Inherited) }
+    fn parse_visibility(&mut self, allow_restricted: bool) -> PResult<'a, Visibility> {
+        if !self.eat_keyword(keywords::Pub) {
+            Ok(Visibility::Inherited)
+        } else if !allow_restricted || !self.eat(&token::OpenDelim(token::Paren)) {
+            Ok(Visibility::Public)
+        } else if self.eat_keyword(keywords::Crate) {
+            let span = self.last_span;
+            self.expect(&token::CloseDelim(token::Paren))?;
+            Ok(Visibility::Crate(span))
+        } else {
+            let path = self.with_res(Restrictions::ALLOW_MODULE_PATHS,
+                                     |this| this.parse_path(NoTypesAllowed))?;
+            self.expect(&token::CloseDelim(token::Paren))?;
+            Ok(Visibility::Restricted { path: P(path), id: ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID })
+        }
     }
 
     /// Parse defaultness: DEFAULT or nothing
@@ -5764,7 +5773,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
 
         let lo = self.span.lo;
 
-        let visibility = self.parse_visibility()?;
+        let visibility = self.parse_visibility(true)?;
 
         if self.eat_keyword(keywords::Use) {
             // USE ITEM
@@ -6014,7 +6023,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
     fn parse_foreign_item(&mut self) -> PResult<'a, Option<ForeignItem>> {
         let attrs = self.parse_outer_attributes()?;
         let lo = self.span.lo;
-        let visibility = self.parse_visibility()?;
+        let visibility = self.parse_visibility(true)?;
 
         if self.check_keyword(keywords::Static) {
             // FOREIGN STATIC ITEM
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/print/pprust.rs b/src/libsyntax/print/pprust.rs
index fcd83b41041..95f1b63168b 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/print/pprust.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/print/pprust.rs
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ pub fn mac_to_string(arg: &ast::Mac) -> String {
 pub fn visibility_qualified(vis: &ast::Visibility, s: &str) -> String {
     match *vis {
         ast::Visibility::Public => format!("pub {}", s),
-        ast::Visibility::Crate => format!("pub(crate) {}", s),
+        ast::Visibility::Crate(_) => format!("pub(crate) {}", s),
         ast::Visibility::Restricted { ref path, .. } => format!("pub({}) {}", path, s),
         ast::Visibility::Inherited => s.to_string()
     }
@@ -1386,7 +1386,7 @@ impl<'a> State<'a> {
     pub fn print_visibility(&mut self, vis: &ast::Visibility) -> io::Result<()> {
         match *vis {
             ast::Visibility::Public => self.word_nbsp("pub"),
-            ast::Visibility::Crate => self.word_nbsp("pub(crate)"),
+            ast::Visibility::Crate(_) => self.word_nbsp("pub(crate)"),
             ast::Visibility::Restricted { ref path, .. } =>
                 self.word_nbsp(&format!("pub({})", path)),
             ast::Visibility::Inherited => Ok(())
diff --git a/src/libsyntax/visit.rs b/src/libsyntax/visit.rs
index 839bbf4805d..413017c7271 100644
--- a/src/libsyntax/visit.rs
+++ b/src/libsyntax/visit.rs
@@ -231,6 +231,7 @@ pub fn walk_trait_ref<'v,V>(visitor: &mut V,
 }
 
 pub fn walk_item<'v, V: Visitor<'v>>(visitor: &mut V, item: &'v Item) {
+    visitor.visit_vis(&item.vis);
     visitor.visit_ident(item.span, item.ident);
     match item.node {
         ItemKind::ExternCrate(opt_name) => {
@@ -470,6 +471,7 @@ pub fn walk_pat<'v, V: Visitor<'v>>(visitor: &mut V, pattern: &'v Pat) {
 
 pub fn walk_foreign_item<'v, V: Visitor<'v>>(visitor: &mut V,
                                              foreign_item: &'v ForeignItem) {
+    visitor.visit_vis(&foreign_item.vis);
     visitor.visit_ident(foreign_item.span, foreign_item.ident);
 
     match foreign_item.node {
@@ -592,6 +594,7 @@ pub fn walk_trait_item<'v, V: Visitor<'v>>(visitor: &mut V, trait_item: &'v Trai
 }
 
 pub fn walk_impl_item<'v, V: Visitor<'v>>(visitor: &mut V, impl_item: &'v ImplItem) {
+    visitor.visit_vis(&impl_item.vis);
     visitor.visit_ident(impl_item.span, impl_item.ident);
     walk_list!(visitor, visit_attribute, &impl_item.attrs);
     match impl_item.node {
@@ -619,6 +622,7 @@ pub fn walk_struct_def<'v, V: Visitor<'v>>(visitor: &mut V,
 
 pub fn walk_struct_field<'v, V: Visitor<'v>>(visitor: &mut V,
                                              struct_field: &'v StructField) {
+    visitor.visit_vis(&struct_field.vis);
     walk_opt_ident(visitor, struct_field.span, struct_field.ident);
     visitor.visit_ty(&struct_field.ty);
     walk_list!(visitor, visit_attribute, &struct_field.attrs);
@@ -812,8 +816,7 @@ pub fn walk_arm<'v, V: Visitor<'v>>(visitor: &mut V, arm: &'v Arm) {
 }
 
 pub fn walk_vis<'v, V: Visitor<'v>>(visitor: &mut V, vis: &'v Visibility) {
-    match *vis {
-        Visibility::Restricted { ref path, id } => visitor.visit_path(path, id),
-        _ => {}
+    if let Visibility::Restricted { ref path, id } = *vis {
+        visitor.visit_path(path, id);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/test/auxiliary/pub_restricted.rs b/src/test/auxiliary/pub_restricted.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b1c88ce6ce5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/auxiliary/pub_restricted.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Copyright 2016 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
+// file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
+// http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+#![feature(pub_restricted)]
+
+pub(crate) struct Crate;
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct Universe {
+    pub x: i32,
+    pub(crate) y: i32
+}
+
+impl Universe {
+    pub fn f(&self) {}
+    pub(crate) fn g(&self) {}
+}
diff --git a/src/test/compile-fail/privacy/restricted/feature-gate.rs b/src/test/compile-fail/privacy/restricted/feature-gate.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..53ae439867f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/compile-fail/privacy/restricted/feature-gate.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// Copyright 2016 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
+// file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
+// http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+pub(crate) //~ ERROR experimental
+mod foo {}
+
+pub(self) //~ ERROR experimental
+mod bar {}
+
+struct S {
+    pub(self) x: i32, //~ ERROR experimental
+}
+impl S {
+    pub(self) fn f() {} //~ ERROR experimental
+}
+extern {
+    pub(self) fn f(); //~ ERROR experimental
+}
diff --git a/src/test/compile-fail/privacy/restricted/lookup-ignores-private.rs b/src/test/compile-fail/privacy/restricted/lookup-ignores-private.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4e2a69cb79e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/compile-fail/privacy/restricted/lookup-ignores-private.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// Copyright 2016 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
+// file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
+// http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+#![feature(rustc_attrs, pub_restricted)]
+#![allow(warnings)]
+
+mod foo {
+    pub use foo::bar::S;
+    mod bar {
+        #[derive(Default)]
+        pub struct S {
+            pub(foo) x: i32,
+        }
+        impl S {
+            pub(foo) fn f(&self) -> i32 { 0 }
+        }
+
+        pub struct S2 {
+            pub(crate) x: bool,
+        }
+        impl S2 {
+            pub(crate) fn f(&self) -> bool { false }
+        }
+
+        impl ::std::ops::Deref for S {
+            type Target = S2;
+            fn deref(&self) -> &S2 { unimplemented!() }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[rustc_error]
+fn main() { //~ ERROR compilation successful
+    let s = foo::S::default();
+    let _: bool = s.x;
+    let _: bool = s.f();
+}
diff --git a/src/test/compile-fail/privacy/restricted/private-in-public.rs b/src/test/compile-fail/privacy/restricted/private-in-public.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f8e7e6283a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/compile-fail/privacy/restricted/private-in-public.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Copyright 2016 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
+// file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
+// http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+#![feature(pub_restricted)]
+
+mod foo {
+    struct Priv;
+    mod bar {
+        use foo::Priv;
+        pub(super) fn f(_: Priv) {}
+        pub(crate) fn f(_: Priv) {} //~ ERROR private
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/test/compile-fail/privacy/restricted/struct-literal-field.rs b/src/test/compile-fail/privacy/restricted/struct-literal-field.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e254e005656
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/compile-fail/privacy/restricted/struct-literal-field.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// Copyright 2016 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
+// file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
+// http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+#![feature(pub_restricted)]
+#![deny(private_in_public)]
+#![allow(warnings)]
+
+mod foo {
+    pub mod bar {
+        pub struct S {
+            pub(foo) x: i32,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn f() {
+        use foo::bar::S;
+        S { x: 0 }; // ok
+    }
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    use foo::bar::S;
+    S { x: 0 }; //~ ERROR private
+}
diff --git a/src/test/compile-fail/privacy/restricted/test.rs b/src/test/compile-fail/privacy/restricted/test.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3e1bb766622
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/compile-fail/privacy/restricted/test.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+// Copyright 2016 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
+// file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
+// http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+// aux-build:pub_restricted.rs
+
+#![feature(pub_restricted)]
+#![deny(private_in_public)]
+#![allow(warnings)]
+extern crate pub_restricted;
+
+mod foo {
+    pub mod bar {
+        pub(super) fn f() {}
+        #[derive(Default)]
+        pub struct S {
+            pub(super) x: i32,
+        }
+        impl S {
+            pub(super) fn f(&self) {}
+            pub(super) fn g() {}
+        }
+    }
+    fn f() {
+        use foo::bar::S;
+        pub(self) use foo::bar::f; // ok
+        pub(super) use foo::bar::f as g; //~ ERROR cannot be reexported
+        S::default().x; // ok
+        S::default().f(); // ok
+        S::g(); // ok
+    }
+}
+
+fn f() {
+    use foo::bar::S;
+    use foo::bar::f; //~ ERROR private
+    S::default().x; //~ ERROR private
+    S::default().f(); //~ ERROR private
+    S::g(); //~ ERROR private
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    use pub_restricted::Universe;
+    use pub_restricted::Crate; //~ ERROR private
+
+    let u = Universe::default();
+    let _ = u.x;
+    let _ = u.y; //~ ERROR private
+    u.f();
+    u.g(); //~ ERROR private
+}
+
+mod pathological {
+    pub(bad::path) mod m1 {} //~ ERROR failed to resolve module path
+    pub(foo) mod m2 {} //~ ERROR visibilities can only be restricted to ancestor modules
+}