Auto merge of #119101 - compiler-errors:outlives, r=lcnr

Normalize region obligation in lexical region resolution with next-gen solver

This normalizes region obligations when we `resolve_regions`, since they may be unnormalized with deferred projection equality.

It's pretty hard to add tests that exercise this without also triggering MIR borrowck errors (because we don't normalize there yet). I've added one test with two revisions that should test that we both 1. normalize region obligations in the param env, and 2. normalize registered region obligations during lexical region resolution.

25 files changed, 211 insertions, 70 deletions

diff --git a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/constraint_conversion.rs b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/constraint_conversion.rs
index 21d8026e170..52559f9039b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/constraint_conversion.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/constraint_conversion.rs
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ pub(crate) struct ConstraintConversion<'a, 'tcx> {
     /// our special inference variable there, we would mess that up.
     region_bound_pairs: &'a RegionBoundPairs<'tcx>,
     implicit_region_bound: ty::Region<'tcx>,
-    param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
+    known_type_outlives_obligations: &'tcx [ty::PolyTypeOutlivesPredicate<'tcx>],
     locations: Locations,
     span: Span,
     category: ConstraintCategory<'tcx>,
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ConstraintConversion<'a, 'tcx> {
         universal_regions: &'a UniversalRegions<'tcx>,
         region_bound_pairs: &'a RegionBoundPairs<'tcx>,
         implicit_region_bound: ty::Region<'tcx>,
-        param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
+        known_type_outlives_obligations: &'tcx [ty::PolyTypeOutlivesPredicate<'tcx>],
         locations: Locations,
         span: Span,
         category: ConstraintCategory<'tcx>,
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ConstraintConversion<'a, 'tcx> {
             universal_regions,
             region_bound_pairs,
             implicit_region_bound,
-            param_env,
+            known_type_outlives_obligations,
             locations,
             span,
             category,
@@ -136,7 +136,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ConstraintConversion<'a, 'tcx> {
 
         // Extract out various useful fields we'll need below.
         let ConstraintConversion {
-            tcx, region_bound_pairs, implicit_region_bound, param_env, ..
+            tcx,
+            region_bound_pairs,
+            implicit_region_bound,
+            known_type_outlives_obligations,
+            ..
         } = *self;
 
         let ty::OutlivesPredicate(k1, r2) = predicate;
@@ -157,7 +161,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ConstraintConversion<'a, 'tcx> {
                     tcx,
                     region_bound_pairs,
                     Some(implicit_region_bound),
-                    param_env,
+                    known_type_outlives_obligations,
                 )
                 .type_must_outlive(origin, t1, r2, constraint_category);
             }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/free_region_relations.rs b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/free_region_relations.rs
index 011b5b760c2..d518f54fd25 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/free_region_relations.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/free_region_relations.rs
@@ -45,12 +45,14 @@ type NormalizedInputsAndOutput<'tcx> = Vec<Ty<'tcx>>;
 pub(crate) struct CreateResult<'tcx> {
     pub(crate) universal_region_relations: Frozen<UniversalRegionRelations<'tcx>>,
     pub(crate) region_bound_pairs: RegionBoundPairs<'tcx>,
+    pub(crate) known_type_outlives_obligations: &'tcx [ty::PolyTypeOutlivesPredicate<'tcx>],
     pub(crate) normalized_inputs_and_output: NormalizedInputsAndOutput<'tcx>,
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn create<'tcx>(
     infcx: &InferCtxt<'tcx>,
     param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
+    known_type_outlives_obligations: &'tcx [ty::PolyTypeOutlivesPredicate<'tcx>],
     implicit_region_bound: ty::Region<'tcx>,
     universal_regions: &Rc<UniversalRegions<'tcx>>,
     constraints: &mut MirTypeckRegionConstraints<'tcx>,
@@ -58,6 +60,7 @@ pub(crate) fn create<'tcx>(
     UniversalRegionRelationsBuilder {
         infcx,
         param_env,
+        known_type_outlives_obligations,
         implicit_region_bound,
         constraints,
         universal_regions: universal_regions.clone(),
@@ -175,6 +178,7 @@ impl UniversalRegionRelations<'_> {
 struct UniversalRegionRelationsBuilder<'this, 'tcx> {
     infcx: &'this InferCtxt<'tcx>,
     param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
+    known_type_outlives_obligations: &'tcx [ty::PolyTypeOutlivesPredicate<'tcx>],
     universal_regions: Rc<UniversalRegions<'tcx>>,
     implicit_region_bound: ty::Region<'tcx>,
     constraints: &'this mut MirTypeckRegionConstraints<'tcx>,
@@ -200,7 +204,8 @@ impl<'tcx> UniversalRegionRelationsBuilder<'_, 'tcx> {
         let defining_ty_def_id = self.universal_regions.defining_ty.def_id().expect_local();
         let span = tcx.def_span(defining_ty_def_id);
 
-        // Insert the facts we know from the predicates. Why? Why not.
+        // Insert the `'a: 'b` we know from the predicates.
+        // This does not consider the type-outlives.
         let param_env = self.param_env;
         self.add_outlives_bounds(outlives::explicit_outlives_bounds(param_env));
 
@@ -308,6 +313,7 @@ impl<'tcx> UniversalRegionRelationsBuilder<'_, 'tcx> {
                 outlives: self.outlives.freeze(),
                 inverse_outlives: self.inverse_outlives.freeze(),
             }),
+            known_type_outlives_obligations: self.known_type_outlives_obligations,
             region_bound_pairs: self.region_bound_pairs,
             normalized_inputs_and_output,
         }
@@ -322,7 +328,7 @@ impl<'tcx> UniversalRegionRelationsBuilder<'_, 'tcx> {
             &self.universal_regions,
             &self.region_bound_pairs,
             self.implicit_region_bound,
-            self.param_env,
+            self.known_type_outlives_obligations,
             Locations::All(span),
             span,
             ConstraintCategory::Internal,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/mod.rs
index 488dfc64cf6..59c4d9a6c78 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/mod.rs
@@ -152,9 +152,14 @@ pub(crate) fn type_check<'mir, 'tcx>(
         universal_region_relations,
         region_bound_pairs,
         normalized_inputs_and_output,
+        known_type_outlives_obligations,
     } = free_region_relations::create(
         infcx,
         param_env,
+        // FIXME(-Znext-solver): These are unnormalized. Normalize them.
+        infcx.tcx.arena.alloc_from_iter(
+            param_env.caller_bounds().iter().filter_map(|clause| clause.as_type_outlives_clause()),
+        ),
         implicit_region_bound,
         universal_regions,
         &mut constraints,
@@ -176,6 +181,7 @@ pub(crate) fn type_check<'mir, 'tcx>(
         body,
         param_env,
         &region_bound_pairs,
+        known_type_outlives_obligations,
         implicit_region_bound,
         &mut borrowck_context,
     );
@@ -850,6 +856,7 @@ struct TypeChecker<'a, 'tcx> {
     /// all of the promoted items.
     user_type_annotations: &'a CanonicalUserTypeAnnotations<'tcx>,
     region_bound_pairs: &'a RegionBoundPairs<'tcx>,
+    known_type_outlives_obligations: &'tcx [ty::PolyTypeOutlivesPredicate<'tcx>],
     implicit_region_bound: ty::Region<'tcx>,
     reported_errors: FxIndexSet<(Ty<'tcx>, Span)>,
     borrowck_context: &'a mut BorrowCheckContext<'a, 'tcx>,
@@ -1000,6 +1007,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeChecker<'a, 'tcx> {
         body: &'a Body<'tcx>,
         param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
         region_bound_pairs: &'a RegionBoundPairs<'tcx>,
+        known_type_outlives_obligations: &'tcx [ty::PolyTypeOutlivesPredicate<'tcx>],
         implicit_region_bound: ty::Region<'tcx>,
         borrowck_context: &'a mut BorrowCheckContext<'a, 'tcx>,
     ) -> Self {
@@ -1010,6 +1018,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeChecker<'a, 'tcx> {
             user_type_annotations: &body.user_type_annotations,
             param_env,
             region_bound_pairs,
+            known_type_outlives_obligations,
             implicit_region_bound,
             borrowck_context,
             reported_errors: Default::default(),
@@ -1127,7 +1136,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeChecker<'a, 'tcx> {
             self.borrowck_context.universal_regions,
             self.region_bound_pairs,
             self.implicit_region_bound,
-            self.param_env,
+            self.known_type_outlives_obligations,
             locations,
             locations.span(self.body),
             category,
@@ -2731,7 +2740,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeChecker<'a, 'tcx> {
                 self.borrowck_context.universal_regions,
                 self.region_bound_pairs,
                 self.implicit_region_bound,
-                self.param_env,
+                self.known_type_outlives_obligations,
                 locations,
                 DUMMY_SP,                   // irrelevant; will be overridden.
                 ConstraintCategory::Boring, // same as above.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/compare_impl_item.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/compare_impl_item.rs
index 479421af77f..379c1154e5f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/compare_impl_item.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/compare_impl_item.rs
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ use rustc_middle::ty::{
 };
 use rustc_middle::ty::{GenericParamDefKind, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_span::Span;
+use rustc_trait_selection::regions::InferCtxtRegionExt;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::error_reporting::TypeErrCtxtExt;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::outlives_bounds::InferCtxtExt as _;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::{
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/compare_impl_item/refine.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/compare_impl_item/refine.rs
index 6d2ebb150b9..3d3b21eabb3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/compare_impl_item/refine.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/compare_impl_item/refine.rs
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ use rustc_middle::ty::{
     self, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeFoldable, TypeFolder, TypeSuperVisitable, TypeVisitable, TypeVisitor,
 };
 use rustc_span::Span;
+use rustc_trait_selection::regions::InferCtxtRegionExt;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::{
     elaborate, normalize_param_env_or_error, outlives_bounds::InferCtxtExt, ObligationCtxt,
 };
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/dropck.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/dropck.rs
index 9fe95487bb9..7b60457affa 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/dropck.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/dropck.rs
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ use rustc_infer::infer::{RegionResolutionError, TyCtxtInferExt};
 use rustc_middle::ty::util::CheckRegions;
 use rustc_middle::ty::GenericArgsRef;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, TyCtxt};
+use rustc_trait_selection::regions::InferCtxtRegionExt;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::{self, ObligationCtxt};
 
 use crate::errors;
@@ -188,6 +189,7 @@ fn ensure_drop_predicates_are_implied_by_item_defn<'tcx>(
                 RegionResolutionError::UpperBoundUniverseConflict(a, _, _, _, b) => {
                     format!("{b}: {a}", a = ty::Region::new_var(tcx, a))
                 }
+                RegionResolutionError::CannotNormalize(..) => unreachable!(),
             };
             guar = Some(
                 struct_span_code_err!(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/wfcheck.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/wfcheck.rs
index 0978a5e6596..b9c9eec2813 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/wfcheck.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/wfcheck.rs
@@ -10,10 +10,8 @@ use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefId, LocalDefId, LocalModDefId};
 use rustc_hir::lang_items::LangItem;
 use rustc_hir::ItemKind;
-use rustc_infer::infer::outlives::env::{OutlivesEnvironment, RegionBoundPairs};
-use rustc_infer::infer::outlives::obligations::TypeOutlives;
+use rustc_infer::infer::outlives::env::OutlivesEnvironment;
 use rustc_infer::infer::{self, InferCtxt, TyCtxtInferExt};
-use rustc_middle::mir::ConstraintCategory;
 use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::print::with_no_trimmed_paths;
 use rustc_middle::ty::trait_def::TraitSpecializationKind;
@@ -26,6 +24,7 @@ use rustc_session::parse::feature_err;
 use rustc_span::symbol::{sym, Ident, Symbol};
 use rustc_span::{Span, DUMMY_SP};
 use rustc_target::spec::abi::Abi;
+use rustc_trait_selection::regions::InferCtxtRegionExt;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::error_reporting::TypeErrCtxtExt;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::misc::{
     type_allowed_to_implement_const_param_ty, ConstParamTyImplementationError,
@@ -731,10 +730,12 @@ fn ty_known_to_outlive<'tcx>(
     ty: Ty<'tcx>,
     region: ty::Region<'tcx>,
 ) -> bool {
-    resolve_regions_with_wf_tys(tcx, id, param_env, wf_tys, |infcx, region_bound_pairs| {
-        let origin = infer::RelateParamBound(DUMMY_SP, ty, None);
-        let outlives = &mut TypeOutlives::new(infcx, tcx, region_bound_pairs, None, param_env);
-        outlives.type_must_outlive(origin, ty, region, ConstraintCategory::BoringNoLocation);
+    test_region_obligations(tcx, id, param_env, wf_tys, |infcx| {
+        infcx.register_region_obligation(infer::RegionObligation {
+            sub_region: region,
+            sup_type: ty,
+            origin: infer::RelateParamBound(DUMMY_SP, ty, None),
+        });
     })
 }
 
@@ -748,40 +749,32 @@ fn region_known_to_outlive<'tcx>(
     region_a: ty::Region<'tcx>,
     region_b: ty::Region<'tcx>,
 ) -> bool {
-    resolve_regions_with_wf_tys(tcx, id, param_env, wf_tys, |mut infcx, _| {
-        use rustc_infer::infer::outlives::obligations::TypeOutlivesDelegate;
-        let origin = infer::RelateRegionParamBound(DUMMY_SP);
-        // `region_a: region_b` -> `region_b <= region_a`
-        infcx.push_sub_region_constraint(
-            origin,
-            region_b,
-            region_a,
-            ConstraintCategory::BoringNoLocation,
-        );
+    test_region_obligations(tcx, id, param_env, wf_tys, |infcx| {
+        infcx.sub_regions(infer::RelateRegionParamBound(DUMMY_SP), region_b, region_a);
     })
 }
 
 /// Given a known `param_env` and a set of well formed types, set up an
 /// `InferCtxt`, call the passed function (to e.g. set up region constraints
 /// to be tested), then resolve region and return errors
-fn resolve_regions_with_wf_tys<'tcx>(
+fn test_region_obligations<'tcx>(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
     id: LocalDefId,
     param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
     wf_tys: &FxIndexSet<Ty<'tcx>>,
-    add_constraints: impl for<'a> FnOnce(&'a InferCtxt<'tcx>, &'a RegionBoundPairs<'tcx>),
+    add_constraints: impl FnOnce(&InferCtxt<'tcx>),
 ) -> bool {
     // Unfortunately, we have to use a new `InferCtxt` each call, because
     // region constraints get added and solved there and we need to test each
     // call individually.
     let infcx = tcx.infer_ctxt().build();
+
+    add_constraints(&infcx);
+
     let outlives_environment = OutlivesEnvironment::with_bounds(
         param_env,
         infcx.implied_bounds_tys(param_env, id, wf_tys),
     );
-    let region_bound_pairs = outlives_environment.region_bound_pairs();
-
-    add_constraints(&infcx, region_bound_pairs);
 
     let errors = infcx.resolve_regions(&outlives_environment);
     debug!(?errors, "errors");
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/mod.rs
index db01b5bd707..006638b740e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/mod.rs
@@ -518,6 +518,13 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
 
                         self.report_placeholder_failure(sup_origin, sub_r, sup_r).emit();
                     }
+
+                    RegionResolutionError::CannotNormalize(ty, origin) => {
+                        self.tcx
+                            .dcx()
+                            .struct_span_err(origin.span(), format!("cannot normalize `{ty}`"))
+                            .emit();
+                    }
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -559,7 +566,8 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
             RegionResolutionError::GenericBoundFailure(..) => true,
             RegionResolutionError::ConcreteFailure(..)
             | RegionResolutionError::SubSupConflict(..)
-            | RegionResolutionError::UpperBoundUniverseConflict(..) => false,
+            | RegionResolutionError::UpperBoundUniverseConflict(..)
+            | RegionResolutionError::CannotNormalize(..) => false,
         };
 
         let mut errors = if errors.iter().all(|e| is_bound_failure(e)) {
@@ -574,6 +582,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
             RegionResolutionError::GenericBoundFailure(ref sro, _, _) => sro.span(),
             RegionResolutionError::SubSupConflict(_, ref rvo, _, _, _, _, _) => rvo.span(),
             RegionResolutionError::UpperBoundUniverseConflict(_, ref rvo, _, _, _) => rvo.span(),
+            RegionResolutionError::CannotNormalize(_, ref sro) => sro.span(),
         });
         errors
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/lexical_region_resolve/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/lexical_region_resolve/mod.rs
index 0562c6ccfcf..4a1169e68e0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/lexical_region_resolve/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/lexical_region_resolve/mod.rs
@@ -98,6 +98,8 @@ pub enum RegionResolutionError<'tcx> {
         SubregionOrigin<'tcx>, // cause of the constraint
         Region<'tcx>,          // the placeholder `'b`
     ),
+
+    CannotNormalize(Ty<'tcx>, SubregionOrigin<'tcx>),
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> RegionResolutionError<'tcx> {
@@ -106,7 +108,8 @@ impl<'tcx> RegionResolutionError<'tcx> {
             RegionResolutionError::ConcreteFailure(origin, _, _)
             | RegionResolutionError::GenericBoundFailure(origin, _, _)
             | RegionResolutionError::SubSupConflict(_, _, origin, _, _, _, _)
-            | RegionResolutionError::UpperBoundUniverseConflict(_, _, _, origin, _) => origin,
+            | RegionResolutionError::UpperBoundUniverseConflict(_, _, _, origin, _)
+            | RegionResolutionError::CannotNormalize(_, origin) => origin,
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/mod.rs
index 6379f84aa25..926e198b219 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/mod.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 //! Various code related to computing outlives relations.
 use self::env::OutlivesEnvironment;
 use super::region_constraints::RegionConstraintData;
-use super::{InferCtxt, RegionResolutionError};
+use super::{InferCtxt, RegionResolutionError, SubregionOrigin};
 use crate::infer::free_regions::RegionRelations;
 use crate::infer::lexical_region_resolve;
 use rustc_middle::traits::query::OutlivesBound;
-use rustc_middle::ty;
+use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty};
 
 pub mod components;
 pub mod env;
@@ -41,12 +41,22 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
     /// result. After this, no more unification operations should be
     /// done -- or the compiler will panic -- but it is legal to use
     /// `resolve_vars_if_possible` as well as `fully_resolve`.
+    ///
+    /// If you are in a crate that has access to `rustc_trait_selection`,
+    /// then it's probably better to use `resolve_regions`,
+    /// which knows how to normalize registered region obligations.
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn resolve_regions(
+    pub fn resolve_regions_with_normalize(
         &self,
         outlives_env: &OutlivesEnvironment<'tcx>,
+        deeply_normalize_ty: impl Fn(Ty<'tcx>, SubregionOrigin<'tcx>) -> Result<Ty<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>>,
     ) -> Vec<RegionResolutionError<'tcx>> {
-        self.process_registered_region_obligations(outlives_env);
+        match self.process_registered_region_obligations(outlives_env, deeply_normalize_ty) {
+            Ok(()) => {}
+            Err((ty, origin)) => {
+                return vec![RegionResolutionError::CannotNormalize(ty, origin)];
+            }
+        };
 
         let (var_infos, data) = {
             let mut inner = self.inner.borrow_mut();
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/obligations.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/obligations.rs
index d7a3bfcbc41..b10bf98e8b5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/obligations.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/obligations.rs
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ use rustc_data_structures::undo_log::UndoLogs;
 use rustc_middle::mir::ConstraintCategory;
 use rustc_middle::ty::GenericArgKind;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, GenericArgsRef, Region, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeVisitableExt};
+use rustc_span::DUMMY_SP;
 use smallvec::smallvec;
 
 use super::env::OutlivesEnvironment;
@@ -123,26 +124,54 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
     /// flow of the inferencer. The key point is that it is
     /// invoked after all type-inference variables have been bound --
     /// right before lexical region resolution.
-    #[instrument(level = "debug", skip(self, outlives_env))]
-    pub fn process_registered_region_obligations(&self, outlives_env: &OutlivesEnvironment<'tcx>) {
+    #[instrument(level = "debug", skip(self, outlives_env, deeply_normalize_ty))]
+    pub fn process_registered_region_obligations<E>(
+        &self,
+        outlives_env: &OutlivesEnvironment<'tcx>,
+        mut deeply_normalize_ty: impl FnMut(Ty<'tcx>, SubregionOrigin<'tcx>) -> Result<Ty<'tcx>, E>,
+    ) -> Result<(), (E, SubregionOrigin<'tcx>)> {
         assert!(!self.in_snapshot(), "cannot process registered region obligations in a snapshot");
 
+        let normalized_caller_bounds: Vec<_> = outlives_env
+            .param_env
+            .caller_bounds()
+            .iter()
+            .filter_map(|clause| {
+                let bound_clause = clause.kind();
+                let ty::ClauseKind::TypeOutlives(outlives) = bound_clause.skip_binder() else {
+                    return None;
+                };
+                Some(
+                    deeply_normalize_ty(
+                        outlives.0,
+                        SubregionOrigin::AscribeUserTypeProvePredicate(DUMMY_SP),
+                    )
+                    .map(|ty| bound_clause.rebind(ty::OutlivesPredicate(ty, outlives.1))),
+                )
+            })
+            // FIXME(-Znext-solver): How do we accurately report an error here :(
+            .try_collect()
+            .map_err(|e| (e, SubregionOrigin::AscribeUserTypeProvePredicate(DUMMY_SP)))?;
+
         let my_region_obligations = self.take_registered_region_obligations();
 
         for RegionObligation { sup_type, sub_region, origin } in my_region_obligations {
+            let sup_type =
+                deeply_normalize_ty(sup_type, origin.clone()).map_err(|e| (e, origin.clone()))?;
             debug!(?sup_type, ?sub_region, ?origin);
-            let sup_type = self.resolve_vars_if_possible(sup_type);
 
             let outlives = &mut TypeOutlives::new(
                 self,
                 self.tcx,
                 outlives_env.region_bound_pairs(),
                 None,
-                outlives_env.param_env,
+                &normalized_caller_bounds,
             );
             let category = origin.to_constraint_category();
             outlives.type_must_outlive(origin, sup_type, sub_region, category);
         }
+
+        Ok(())
     }
 }
 
@@ -190,7 +219,7 @@ where
         tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
         region_bound_pairs: &'cx RegionBoundPairs<'tcx>,
         implicit_region_bound: Option<ty::Region<'tcx>>,
-        param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
+        caller_bounds: &'cx [ty::PolyTypeOutlivesPredicate<'tcx>],
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             delegate,
@@ -199,7 +228,7 @@ where
                 tcx,
                 region_bound_pairs,
                 implicit_region_bound,
-                param_env,
+                caller_bounds,
             ),
         }
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/verify.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/verify.rs
index 7a85268492b..5d2f51c689b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/verify.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/verify.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ pub struct VerifyBoundCx<'cx, 'tcx> {
     /// Outside of borrowck the only way to prove `T: '?0` is by
     /// setting  `'?0` to `'empty`.
     implicit_region_bound: Option<ty::Region<'tcx>>,
-    param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
+    caller_bounds: &'cx [ty::PolyTypeOutlivesPredicate<'tcx>],
 }
 
 impl<'cx, 'tcx> VerifyBoundCx<'cx, 'tcx> {
@@ -31,9 +31,9 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> VerifyBoundCx<'cx, 'tcx> {
         tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
         region_bound_pairs: &'cx RegionBoundPairs<'tcx>,
         implicit_region_bound: Option<ty::Region<'tcx>>,
-        param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
+        caller_bounds: &'cx [ty::PolyTypeOutlivesPredicate<'tcx>],
     ) -> Self {
-        Self { tcx, region_bound_pairs, implicit_region_bound, param_env }
+        Self { tcx, region_bound_pairs, implicit_region_bound, caller_bounds }
     }
 
     #[instrument(level = "debug", skip(self))]
@@ -219,8 +219,9 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> VerifyBoundCx<'cx, 'tcx> {
         // To start, collect bounds from user environment. Note that
         // parameter environments are already elaborated, so we don't
         // have to worry about that.
-        let c_b = self.param_env.caller_bounds();
-        let param_bounds = self.collect_outlives_from_clause_list(erased_ty, c_b.into_iter());
+        let param_bounds = self.caller_bounds.iter().copied().filter(move |outlives_predicate| {
+            super::test_type_match::can_match_erased_ty(tcx, *outlives_predicate, erased_ty)
+        });
 
         // Next, collect regions we scraped from the well-formedness
         // constraints in the fn signature. To do that, we walk the list
@@ -307,22 +308,4 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> VerifyBoundCx<'cx, 'tcx> {
             .filter_map(|p| p.no_bound_vars())
             .map(|OutlivesPredicate(_, r)| r)
     }
-
-    /// Searches through a predicate list for a predicate `T: 'a`.
-    ///
-    /// Careful: does not elaborate predicates, and just uses `==`
-    /// when comparing `ty` for equality, so `ty` must be something
-    /// that does not involve inference variables and where you
-    /// otherwise want a precise match.
-    fn collect_outlives_from_clause_list(
-        &self,
-        erased_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
-        clauses: impl Iterator<Item = ty::Clause<'tcx>>,
-    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = ty::Binder<'tcx, ty::OutlivesPredicate<Ty<'tcx>, ty::Region<'tcx>>>>
-    {
-        let tcx = self.tcx;
-        clauses.filter_map(|p| p.as_type_outlives_clause()).filter(move |outlives_predicate| {
-            super::test_type_match::can_match_erased_ty(tcx, *outlives_predicate, erased_ty)
-        })
-    }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/lib.rs
index 9e3de1825ed..e2dd4b49e1a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/lib.rs
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #![feature(extend_one)]
 #![feature(let_chains)]
 #![feature(if_let_guard)]
+#![feature(iterator_try_collect)]
 #![feature(min_specialization)]
 #![feature(try_blocks)]
 #![recursion_limit = "512"] // For rustdoc
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/lib.rs
index 995ed1e3b57..5ec45212bc7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/lib.rs
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ extern crate smallvec;
 
 pub mod errors;
 pub mod infer;
+pub mod regions;
 pub mod solve;
 pub mod traits;
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/regions.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/regions.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e8929f114e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/regions.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+use rustc_infer::infer::outlives::env::OutlivesEnvironment;
+use rustc_infer::infer::{InferCtxt, RegionResolutionError};
+use rustc_middle::traits::ObligationCause;
+
+pub trait InferCtxtRegionExt<'tcx> {
+    /// Resolve regions, using the deep normalizer to normalize any type-outlives
+    /// obligations in the process. This is in `rustc_trait_selection` because
+    /// we need to normalize.
+    ///
+    /// Prefer this method over `resolve_regions_with_normalize`, unless you are
+    /// doing something specific for normalization.
+    fn resolve_regions(
+        &self,
+        outlives_env: &OutlivesEnvironment<'tcx>,
+    ) -> Vec<RegionResolutionError<'tcx>>;
+}
+
+impl<'tcx> InferCtxtRegionExt<'tcx> for InferCtxt<'tcx> {
+    fn resolve_regions(
+        &self,
+        outlives_env: &OutlivesEnvironment<'tcx>,
+    ) -> Vec<RegionResolutionError<'tcx>> {
+        self.resolve_regions_with_normalize(outlives_env, |ty, origin| {
+            let ty = self.resolve_vars_if_possible(ty);
+
+            if self.next_trait_solver() {
+                crate::solve::deeply_normalize(
+                    self.at(
+                        &ObligationCause::dummy_with_span(origin.span()),
+                        outlives_env.param_env,
+                    ),
+                    ty,
+                )
+                .map_err(|_| ty)
+            } else {
+                Ok(ty)
+            }
+        })
+    }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/auto_trait.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/auto_trait.rs
index 0b9fb7b6fbc..7933654a915 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/auto_trait.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/auto_trait.rs
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ impl<'tcx> AutoTraitFinder<'tcx> {
         }
 
         let outlives_env = OutlivesEnvironment::new(full_env);
-        infcx.process_registered_region_obligations(&outlives_env);
+        let _ = infcx.process_registered_region_obligations::<!>(&outlives_env, |ty, _| Ok(ty));
 
         let region_data =
             infcx.inner.borrow_mut().unwrap_region_constraints().region_constraint_data().clone();
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/coherence.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/coherence.rs
index ecbb92ca5b9..c49185a52c7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/coherence.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/coherence.rs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 use crate::infer::outlives::env::OutlivesEnvironment;
 use crate::infer::InferOk;
+use crate::regions::InferCtxtRegionExt;
 use crate::solve::inspect::{InspectGoal, ProofTreeInferCtxtExt, ProofTreeVisitor};
 use crate::solve::{deeply_normalize_for_diagnostics, inspect};
 use crate::traits::engine::TraitEngineExt;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/engine.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/engine.rs
index 013a50f9fa1..caf950037fd 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/engine.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/engine.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ use std::fmt::Debug;
 
 use super::FulfillmentContext;
 use super::TraitEngine;
+use crate::regions::InferCtxtRegionExt;
 use crate::solve::FulfillmentCtxt as NextFulfillmentCtxt;
 use crate::traits::error_reporting::TypeErrCtxtExt;
 use crate::traits::NormalizeExt;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/misc.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/misc.rs
index 0cd376fcbbd..93f9c2333f0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/misc.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/misc.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 //! Miscellaneous type-system utilities that are too small to deserve their own modules.
 
+use crate::regions::InferCtxtRegionExt;
 use crate::traits::{self, ObligationCause, ObligationCtxt};
 
 use hir::LangItem;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/mod.rs
index 080ad7bd549..a7f6021d57a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/mod.rs
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ pub mod wf;
 
 use crate::infer::outlives::env::OutlivesEnvironment;
 use crate::infer::{InferCtxt, TyCtxtInferExt};
+use crate::regions::InferCtxtRegionExt;
 use crate::traits::error_reporting::TypeErrCtxtExt as _;
 use crate::traits::query::evaluate_obligation::InferCtxtExt as _;
 use rustc_errors::ErrorGuaranteed;
diff --git a/tests/ui/traits/next-solver/normalize-region-obligations.rs b/tests/ui/traits/next-solver/normalize-region-obligations.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..13c86b630f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/traits/next-solver/normalize-region-obligations.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// revisions: normalize_param_env normalize_obligation
+// check-pass
+// compile-flags: -Znext-solver
+
+trait Foo {
+    #[cfg(normalize_param_env)]
+    type Gat<'a> where <Self as Mirror>::Assoc: 'a;
+    #[cfg(normalize_obligation)]
+    type Gat<'a> where Self: 'a;
+}
+
+trait Mirror { type Assoc: ?Sized; }
+impl<T: ?Sized> Mirror for T { type Assoc = T; }
+
+impl<T> Foo for T {
+    #[cfg(normalize_param_env)]
+    type Gat<'a> = i32 where T: 'a;
+    #[cfg(normalize_obligation)]
+    type Gat<'a> = i32 where <T as Mirror>::Assoc: 'a;
+}
+
+fn main() {}
diff --git a/tests/ui/traits/next-solver/specialization-transmute.rs b/tests/ui/traits/next-solver/specialization-transmute.rs
index ff25656a7ff..e7de564877d 100644
--- a/tests/ui/traits/next-solver/specialization-transmute.rs
+++ b/tests/ui/traits/next-solver/specialization-transmute.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 // compile-flags: -Znext-solver
+//~^ ERROR cannot normalize `<T as Default>::Id`
 
 #![feature(specialization)]
 //~^ WARN the feature `specialization` is incomplete
diff --git a/tests/ui/traits/next-solver/specialization-transmute.stderr b/tests/ui/traits/next-solver/specialization-transmute.stderr
index a5459165587..a1cf5b761e3 100644
--- a/tests/ui/traits/next-solver/specialization-transmute.stderr
+++ b/tests/ui/traits/next-solver/specialization-transmute.stderr
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 warning: the feature `specialization` is incomplete and may not be safe to use and/or cause compiler crashes
-  --> $DIR/specialization-transmute.rs:3:12
+  --> $DIR/specialization-transmute.rs:4:12
    |
 LL | #![feature(specialization)]
    |            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -8,12 +8,14 @@ LL | #![feature(specialization)]
    = help: consider using `min_specialization` instead, which is more stable and complete
    = note: `#[warn(incomplete_features)]` on by default
 
+error: cannot normalize `<T as Default>::Id`
+
 error[E0282]: type annotations needed
-  --> $DIR/specialization-transmute.rs:13:23
+  --> $DIR/specialization-transmute.rs:14:23
    |
 LL |     default type Id = T;
    |                       ^ cannot infer type for associated type `<T as Default>::Id`
 
-error: aborting due to 1 previous error; 1 warning emitted
+error: aborting due to 2 previous errors; 1 warning emitted
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0282`.
diff --git a/tests/ui/traits/next-solver/unsound-region-obligation.rs b/tests/ui/traits/next-solver/unsound-region-obligation.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b8bfa035388
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/traits/next-solver/unsound-region-obligation.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//~ ERROR the type `<() as StaticTy>::Item<'a>` does not fulfill the required lifetime
+// compile-flags: -Znext-solver
+// Regression test for rust-lang/trait-system-refactor-initiative#59
+
+trait StaticTy {
+    type Item<'a>: 'static;
+}
+
+impl StaticTy for () {
+    type Item<'a> = &'a ();
+}
+
+fn main() {}
diff --git a/tests/ui/traits/next-solver/unsound-region-obligation.stderr b/tests/ui/traits/next-solver/unsound-region-obligation.stderr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..518de7ea3e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/traits/next-solver/unsound-region-obligation.stderr
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+error[E0477]: the type `<() as StaticTy>::Item<'a>` does not fulfill the required lifetime
+   |
+   = note: type must satisfy the static lifetime
+
+error: aborting due to 1 previous error
+
+For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0477`.