Auto merge of #104776 - Dylan-DPC:rollup-rf4c2u0, r=Dylan-DPC

Rollup of 6 pull requests

Successful merges:

 - #104269 (Fix hang in where-clause suggestion with `predicate_can_apply`)
 - #104286 (copy doc output files by format)
 - #104509 (Use obligation ctxt instead of dyn TraitEngine)
 - #104721 (Remove more `ref` patterns from the compiler)
 - #104744 (rustdoc: give struct fields CSS `display: block`)
 - #104751 (Fix an ICE parsing a malformed attribute.)

Failed merges:

r? `@ghost`
`@rustbot` modify labels: rollup

38 files changed, 516 insertions, 433 deletions

diff --git a/compiler/rustc_arena/src/tests.rs b/compiler/rustc_arena/src/tests.rs
index ad61464343a..49a070badc6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_arena/src/tests.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_arena/src/tests.rs
@@ -52,19 +52,15 @@ fn test_arena_alloc_nested() {
 
     impl<'a> Wrap<'a> {
         fn alloc_inner<F: Fn() -> Inner>(&self, f: F) -> &Inner {
-            let r: &EI<'_> = self.0.alloc(EI::I(f()));
-            if let &EI::I(ref i) = r {
-                i
-            } else {
-                panic!("mismatch");
+            match self.0.alloc(EI::I(f())) {
+                EI::I(i) => i,
+                _ => panic!("mismatch"),
             }
         }
         fn alloc_outer<F: Fn() -> Outer<'a>>(&self, f: F) -> &Outer<'_> {
-            let r: &EI<'_> = self.0.alloc(EI::O(f()));
-            if let &EI::O(ref o) = r {
-                o
-            } else {
-                panic!("mismatch");
+            match self.0.alloc(EI::O(f())) {
+                EI::O(o) => o,
+                _ => panic!("mismatch"),
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/attr/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/attr/mod.rs
index 2f7c7a29492..3e012953115 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/attr/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/attr/mod.rs
@@ -618,9 +618,12 @@ impl MetaItemKind {
             }) => MetaItemKind::list_from_tokens(tokens.clone()),
             AttrArgs::Delimited(..) => None,
             AttrArgs::Eq(_, AttrArgsEq::Ast(expr)) => match expr.kind {
-                ast::ExprKind::Lit(token_lit) => Some(MetaItemKind::NameValue(
-                    Lit::from_token_lit(token_lit, expr.span).expect("token_lit in from_attr_args"),
-                )),
+                ast::ExprKind::Lit(token_lit) => {
+                    // Turn failures to `None`, we'll get parse errors elsewhere.
+                    Lit::from_token_lit(token_lit, expr.span)
+                        .ok()
+                        .map(|lit| MetaItemKind::NameValue(lit))
+                }
                 _ => None,
             },
             AttrArgs::Eq(_, AttrArgsEq::Hir(lit)) => Some(MetaItemKind::NameValue(lit.clone())),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/asm.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/asm.rs
index db0d8b08a94..2a0338adc9c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/asm.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/asm.rs
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
             .operands
             .iter()
             .map(|(op, op_sp)| {
-                let lower_reg = |reg| match reg {
+                let lower_reg = |&reg: &_| match reg {
                     InlineAsmRegOrRegClass::Reg(reg) => {
                         asm::InlineAsmRegOrRegClass::Reg(if let Some(asm_arch) = asm_arch {
                             asm::InlineAsmReg::parse(asm_arch, reg).unwrap_or_else(|error| {
@@ -152,32 +152,30 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                     }
                 };
 
-                let op = match *op {
-                    InlineAsmOperand::In { reg, ref expr } => hir::InlineAsmOperand::In {
+                let op = match op {
+                    InlineAsmOperand::In { reg, expr } => hir::InlineAsmOperand::In {
                         reg: lower_reg(reg),
                         expr: self.lower_expr(expr),
                     },
-                    InlineAsmOperand::Out { reg, late, ref expr } => hir::InlineAsmOperand::Out {
+                    InlineAsmOperand::Out { reg, late, expr } => hir::InlineAsmOperand::Out {
                         reg: lower_reg(reg),
-                        late,
+                        late: *late,
                         expr: expr.as_ref().map(|expr| self.lower_expr(expr)),
                     },
-                    InlineAsmOperand::InOut { reg, late, ref expr } => {
-                        hir::InlineAsmOperand::InOut {
-                            reg: lower_reg(reg),
-                            late,
-                            expr: self.lower_expr(expr),
-                        }
-                    }
-                    InlineAsmOperand::SplitInOut { reg, late, ref in_expr, ref out_expr } => {
+                    InlineAsmOperand::InOut { reg, late, expr } => hir::InlineAsmOperand::InOut {
+                        reg: lower_reg(reg),
+                        late: *late,
+                        expr: self.lower_expr(expr),
+                    },
+                    InlineAsmOperand::SplitInOut { reg, late, in_expr, out_expr } => {
                         hir::InlineAsmOperand::SplitInOut {
                             reg: lower_reg(reg),
-                            late,
+                            late: *late,
                             in_expr: self.lower_expr(in_expr),
                             out_expr: out_expr.as_ref().map(|expr| self.lower_expr(expr)),
                         }
                     }
-                    InlineAsmOperand::Const { ref anon_const } => {
+                    InlineAsmOperand::Const { anon_const } => {
                         if !self.tcx.features().asm_const {
                             feature_err(
                                 &sess.parse_sess,
@@ -191,7 +189,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                             anon_const: self.lower_anon_const(anon_const),
                         }
                     }
-                    InlineAsmOperand::Sym { ref sym } => {
+                    InlineAsmOperand::Sym { sym } => {
                         let static_def_id = self
                             .resolver
                             .get_partial_res(sym.id)
@@ -347,7 +345,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                                     skip = true;
 
                                     let idx2 = *o.get();
-                                    let &(ref op2, op_sp2) = &operands[idx2];
+                                    let (ref op2, op_sp2) = operands[idx2];
                                     let Some(asm::InlineAsmRegOrRegClass::Reg(reg2)) = op2.reg() else {
                                         unreachable!();
                                     };
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/block.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/block.rs
index 12a0cc0d255..d310f72f7a3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/block.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/block.rs
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
         let mut stmts = SmallVec::<[hir::Stmt<'hir>; 8]>::new();
         let mut expr = None;
         while let [s, tail @ ..] = ast_stmts {
-            match s.kind {
-                StmtKind::Local(ref local) => {
+            match &s.kind {
+                StmtKind::Local(local) => {
                     let hir_id = self.lower_node_id(s.id);
                     let local = self.lower_local(local);
                     self.alias_attrs(hir_id, local.hir_id);
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                     let span = self.lower_span(s.span);
                     stmts.push(hir::Stmt { hir_id, kind, span });
                 }
-                StmtKind::Item(ref it) => {
+                StmtKind::Item(it) => {
                     stmts.extend(self.lower_item_ref(it).into_iter().enumerate().map(
                         |(i, item_id)| {
                             let hir_id = match i {
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                         },
                     ));
                 }
-                StmtKind::Expr(ref e) => {
+                StmtKind::Expr(e) => {
                     let e = self.lower_expr(e);
                     if tail.is_empty() {
                         expr = Some(e);
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                         stmts.push(hir::Stmt { hir_id, kind, span });
                     }
                 }
-                StmtKind::Semi(ref e) => {
+                StmtKind::Semi(e) => {
                     let e = self.lower_expr(e);
                     let hir_id = self.lower_node_id(s.id);
                     self.alias_attrs(hir_id, e.hir_id);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/expr.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/expr.rs
index 6855344356a..a00100ee0a8 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/expr.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/expr.rs
@@ -31,20 +31,20 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
 
     pub(super) fn lower_expr_mut(&mut self, e: &Expr) -> hir::Expr<'hir> {
         ensure_sufficient_stack(|| {
-            let kind = match e.kind {
-                ExprKind::Box(ref inner) => hir::ExprKind::Box(self.lower_expr(inner)),
-                ExprKind::Array(ref exprs) => hir::ExprKind::Array(self.lower_exprs(exprs)),
-                ExprKind::ConstBlock(ref anon_const) => {
+            let kind = match &e.kind {
+                ExprKind::Box(inner) => hir::ExprKind::Box(self.lower_expr(inner)),
+                ExprKind::Array(exprs) => hir::ExprKind::Array(self.lower_exprs(exprs)),
+                ExprKind::ConstBlock(anon_const) => {
                     let anon_const = self.lower_anon_const(anon_const);
                     hir::ExprKind::ConstBlock(anon_const)
                 }
-                ExprKind::Repeat(ref expr, ref count) => {
+                ExprKind::Repeat(expr, count) => {
                     let expr = self.lower_expr(expr);
                     let count = self.lower_array_length(count);
                     hir::ExprKind::Repeat(expr, count)
                 }
-                ExprKind::Tup(ref elts) => hir::ExprKind::Tup(self.lower_exprs(elts)),
-                ExprKind::Call(ref f, ref args) => {
+                ExprKind::Tup(elts) => hir::ExprKind::Tup(self.lower_exprs(elts)),
+                ExprKind::Call(f, args) => {
                     if e.attrs.get(0).map_or(false, |a| a.has_name(sym::rustc_box)) {
                         if let [inner] = &args[..] && e.attrs.len() == 1 {
                             let kind = hir::ExprKind::Box(self.lower_expr(&inner));
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                         hir::ExprKind::Call(f, self.lower_exprs(args))
                     }
                 }
-                ExprKind::MethodCall(box MethodCall { ref seg, ref receiver, ref args, span }) => {
+                ExprKind::MethodCall(box MethodCall { seg, receiver, args, span }) => {
                     let hir_seg = self.arena.alloc(self.lower_path_segment(
                         e.span,
                         seg,
@@ -72,92 +72,88 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                     let receiver = self.lower_expr(receiver);
                     let args =
                         self.arena.alloc_from_iter(args.iter().map(|x| self.lower_expr_mut(x)));
-                    hir::ExprKind::MethodCall(hir_seg, receiver, args, self.lower_span(span))
+                    hir::ExprKind::MethodCall(hir_seg, receiver, args, self.lower_span(*span))
                 }
-                ExprKind::Binary(binop, ref lhs, ref rhs) => {
-                    let binop = self.lower_binop(binop);
+                ExprKind::Binary(binop, lhs, rhs) => {
+                    let binop = self.lower_binop(*binop);
                     let lhs = self.lower_expr(lhs);
                     let rhs = self.lower_expr(rhs);
                     hir::ExprKind::Binary(binop, lhs, rhs)
                 }
-                ExprKind::Unary(op, ref ohs) => {
-                    let op = self.lower_unop(op);
+                ExprKind::Unary(op, ohs) => {
+                    let op = self.lower_unop(*op);
                     let ohs = self.lower_expr(ohs);
                     hir::ExprKind::Unary(op, ohs)
                 }
                 ExprKind::Lit(token_lit) => {
-                    let lit_kind = match LitKind::from_token_lit(token_lit) {
+                    let lit_kind = match LitKind::from_token_lit(*token_lit) {
                         Ok(lit_kind) => lit_kind,
                         Err(err) => {
-                            report_lit_error(&self.tcx.sess.parse_sess, err, token_lit, e.span);
+                            report_lit_error(&self.tcx.sess.parse_sess, err, *token_lit, e.span);
                             LitKind::Err
                         }
                     };
                     hir::ExprKind::Lit(respan(self.lower_span(e.span), lit_kind))
                 }
-                ExprKind::IncludedBytes(ref bytes) => hir::ExprKind::Lit(respan(
+                ExprKind::IncludedBytes(bytes) => hir::ExprKind::Lit(respan(
                     self.lower_span(e.span),
                     LitKind::ByteStr(bytes.clone()),
                 )),
-                ExprKind::Cast(ref expr, ref ty) => {
+                ExprKind::Cast(expr, ty) => {
                     let expr = self.lower_expr(expr);
                     let ty =
                         self.lower_ty(ty, &ImplTraitContext::Disallowed(ImplTraitPosition::Type));
                     hir::ExprKind::Cast(expr, ty)
                 }
-                ExprKind::Type(ref expr, ref ty) => {
+                ExprKind::Type(expr, ty) => {
                     let expr = self.lower_expr(expr);
                     let ty =
                         self.lower_ty(ty, &ImplTraitContext::Disallowed(ImplTraitPosition::Type));
                     hir::ExprKind::Type(expr, ty)
                 }
-                ExprKind::AddrOf(k, m, ref ohs) => {
+                ExprKind::AddrOf(k, m, ohs) => {
                     let ohs = self.lower_expr(ohs);
-                    hir::ExprKind::AddrOf(k, m, ohs)
+                    hir::ExprKind::AddrOf(*k, *m, ohs)
                 }
-                ExprKind::Let(ref pat, ref scrutinee, span) => {
+                ExprKind::Let(pat, scrutinee, span) => {
                     hir::ExprKind::Let(self.arena.alloc(hir::Let {
                         hir_id: self.next_id(),
-                        span: self.lower_span(span),
+                        span: self.lower_span(*span),
                         pat: self.lower_pat(pat),
                         ty: None,
                         init: self.lower_expr(scrutinee),
                     }))
                 }
-                ExprKind::If(ref cond, ref then, ref else_opt) => {
+                ExprKind::If(cond, then, else_opt) => {
                     self.lower_expr_if(cond, then, else_opt.as_deref())
                 }
-                ExprKind::While(ref cond, ref body, opt_label) => {
-                    self.with_loop_scope(e.id, |this| {
-                        let span =
-                            this.mark_span_with_reason(DesugaringKind::WhileLoop, e.span, None);
-                        this.lower_expr_while_in_loop_scope(span, cond, body, opt_label)
-                    })
-                }
-                ExprKind::Loop(ref body, opt_label) => self.with_loop_scope(e.id, |this| {
+                ExprKind::While(cond, body, opt_label) => self.with_loop_scope(e.id, |this| {
+                    let span = this.mark_span_with_reason(DesugaringKind::WhileLoop, e.span, None);
+                    this.lower_expr_while_in_loop_scope(span, cond, body, *opt_label)
+                }),
+                ExprKind::Loop(body, opt_label) => self.with_loop_scope(e.id, |this| {
                     hir::ExprKind::Loop(
                         this.lower_block(body, false),
-                        this.lower_label(opt_label),
+                        this.lower_label(*opt_label),
                         hir::LoopSource::Loop,
                         DUMMY_SP,
                     )
                 }),
-                ExprKind::TryBlock(ref body) => self.lower_expr_try_block(body),
-                ExprKind::Match(ref expr, ref arms) => hir::ExprKind::Match(
+                ExprKind::TryBlock(body) => self.lower_expr_try_block(body),
+                ExprKind::Match(expr, arms) => hir::ExprKind::Match(
                     self.lower_expr(expr),
                     self.arena.alloc_from_iter(arms.iter().map(|x| self.lower_arm(x))),
                     hir::MatchSource::Normal,
                 ),
-                ExprKind::Async(capture_clause, closure_node_id, ref block) => self
-                    .make_async_expr(
-                        capture_clause,
-                        closure_node_id,
-                        None,
-                        block.span,
-                        hir::AsyncGeneratorKind::Block,
-                        |this| this.with_new_scopes(|this| this.lower_block_expr(block)),
-                    ),
-                ExprKind::Await(ref expr) => {
+                ExprKind::Async(capture_clause, closure_node_id, block) => self.make_async_expr(
+                    *capture_clause,
+                    *closure_node_id,
+                    None,
+                    block.span,
+                    hir::AsyncGeneratorKind::Block,
+                    |this| this.with_new_scopes(|this| this.lower_block_expr(block)),
+                ),
+                ExprKind::Await(expr) => {
                     let dot_await_span = if expr.span.hi() < e.span.hi() {
                         let span_with_whitespace = self
                             .tcx
@@ -173,65 +169,63 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                     self.lower_expr_await(dot_await_span, expr)
                 }
                 ExprKind::Closure(box Closure {
-                    ref binder,
+                    binder,
                     capture_clause,
                     asyncness,
                     movability,
-                    ref fn_decl,
-                    ref body,
+                    fn_decl,
+                    body,
                     fn_decl_span,
                 }) => {
                     if let Async::Yes { closure_id, .. } = asyncness {
                         self.lower_expr_async_closure(
                             binder,
-                            capture_clause,
+                            *capture_clause,
                             e.id,
-                            closure_id,
+                            *closure_id,
                             fn_decl,
                             body,
-                            fn_decl_span,
+                            *fn_decl_span,
                         )
                     } else {
                         self.lower_expr_closure(
                             binder,
-                            capture_clause,
+                            *capture_clause,
                             e.id,
-                            movability,
+                            *movability,
                             fn_decl,
                             body,
-                            fn_decl_span,
+                            *fn_decl_span,
                         )
                     }
                 }
-                ExprKind::Block(ref blk, opt_label) => {
-                    let opt_label = self.lower_label(opt_label);
+                ExprKind::Block(blk, opt_label) => {
+                    let opt_label = self.lower_label(*opt_label);
                     hir::ExprKind::Block(self.lower_block(blk, opt_label.is_some()), opt_label)
                 }
-                ExprKind::Assign(ref el, ref er, span) => {
-                    self.lower_expr_assign(el, er, span, e.span)
-                }
-                ExprKind::AssignOp(op, ref el, ref er) => hir::ExprKind::AssignOp(
-                    self.lower_binop(op),
+                ExprKind::Assign(el, er, span) => self.lower_expr_assign(el, er, *span, e.span),
+                ExprKind::AssignOp(op, el, er) => hir::ExprKind::AssignOp(
+                    self.lower_binop(*op),
                     self.lower_expr(el),
                     self.lower_expr(er),
                 ),
-                ExprKind::Field(ref el, ident) => {
-                    hir::ExprKind::Field(self.lower_expr(el), self.lower_ident(ident))
+                ExprKind::Field(el, ident) => {
+                    hir::ExprKind::Field(self.lower_expr(el), self.lower_ident(*ident))
                 }
-                ExprKind::Index(ref el, ref er) => {
+                ExprKind::Index(el, er) => {
                     hir::ExprKind::Index(self.lower_expr(el), self.lower_expr(er))
                 }
-                ExprKind::Range(Some(ref e1), Some(ref e2), RangeLimits::Closed) => {
+                ExprKind::Range(Some(e1), Some(e2), RangeLimits::Closed) => {
                     self.lower_expr_range_closed(e.span, e1, e2)
                 }
-                ExprKind::Range(ref e1, ref e2, lims) => {
-                    self.lower_expr_range(e.span, e1.as_deref(), e2.as_deref(), lims)
+                ExprKind::Range(e1, e2, lims) => {
+                    self.lower_expr_range(e.span, e1.as_deref(), e2.as_deref(), *lims)
                 }
                 ExprKind::Underscore => {
                     self.tcx.sess.emit_err(UnderscoreExprLhsAssign { span: e.span });
                     hir::ExprKind::Err
                 }
-                ExprKind::Path(ref qself, ref path) => {
+                ExprKind::Path(qself, path) => {
                     let qpath = self.lower_qpath(
                         e.id,
                         qself,
@@ -241,22 +235,22 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                     );
                     hir::ExprKind::Path(qpath)
                 }
-                ExprKind::Break(opt_label, ref opt_expr) => {
+                ExprKind::Break(opt_label, opt_expr) => {
                     let opt_expr = opt_expr.as_ref().map(|x| self.lower_expr(x));
-                    hir::ExprKind::Break(self.lower_jump_destination(e.id, opt_label), opt_expr)
+                    hir::ExprKind::Break(self.lower_jump_destination(e.id, *opt_label), opt_expr)
                 }
                 ExprKind::Continue(opt_label) => {
-                    hir::ExprKind::Continue(self.lower_jump_destination(e.id, opt_label))
+                    hir::ExprKind::Continue(self.lower_jump_destination(e.id, *opt_label))
                 }
-                ExprKind::Ret(ref e) => {
+                ExprKind::Ret(e) => {
                     let e = e.as_ref().map(|x| self.lower_expr(x));
                     hir::ExprKind::Ret(e)
                 }
-                ExprKind::Yeet(ref sub_expr) => self.lower_expr_yeet(e.span, sub_expr.as_deref()),
-                ExprKind::InlineAsm(ref asm) => {
+                ExprKind::Yeet(sub_expr) => self.lower_expr_yeet(e.span, sub_expr.as_deref()),
+                ExprKind::InlineAsm(asm) => {
                     hir::ExprKind::InlineAsm(self.lower_inline_asm(e.span, asm))
                 }
-                ExprKind::Struct(ref se) => {
+                ExprKind::Struct(se) => {
                     let rest = match &se.rest {
                         StructRest::Base(e) => Some(self.lower_expr(e)),
                         StructRest::Rest(sp) => {
@@ -278,10 +272,10 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                         rest,
                     )
                 }
-                ExprKind::Yield(ref opt_expr) => self.lower_expr_yield(e.span, opt_expr.as_deref()),
+                ExprKind::Yield(opt_expr) => self.lower_expr_yield(e.span, opt_expr.as_deref()),
                 ExprKind::Err => hir::ExprKind::Err,
-                ExprKind::Try(ref sub_expr) => self.lower_expr_try(e.span, sub_expr),
-                ExprKind::Paren(ref ex) => {
+                ExprKind::Try(sub_expr) => self.lower_expr_try(e.span, sub_expr),
+                ExprKind::Paren(ex) => {
                     let mut ex = self.lower_expr_mut(ex);
                     // Include parens in span, but only if it is a super-span.
                     if e.span.contains(ex.span) {
@@ -306,8 +300,8 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
 
                 // Desugar `ExprForLoop`
                 // from: `[opt_ident]: for <pat> in <head> <body>`
-                ExprKind::ForLoop(ref pat, ref head, ref body, opt_label) => {
-                    return self.lower_expr_for(e, pat, head, body, opt_label);
+                ExprKind::ForLoop(pat, head, body, opt_label) => {
+                    return self.lower_expr_for(e, pat, head, body, *opt_label);
                 }
                 ExprKind::MacCall(_) => panic!("{:?} shouldn't exist here", e.span),
             };
@@ -358,7 +352,7 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
         args: Vec<AstP<Expr>>,
         legacy_args_idx: &[usize],
     ) -> hir::ExprKind<'hir> {
-        let ExprKind::Path(None, ref mut path) = f.kind else {
+        let ExprKind::Path(None, path) = &mut f.kind else {
             unreachable!();
         };
 
@@ -552,10 +546,10 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
     fn lower_arm(&mut self, arm: &Arm) -> hir::Arm<'hir> {
         let pat = self.lower_pat(&arm.pat);
         let guard = arm.guard.as_ref().map(|cond| {
-            if let ExprKind::Let(ref pat, ref scrutinee, span) = cond.kind {
+            if let ExprKind::Let(pat, scrutinee, span) = &cond.kind {
                 hir::Guard::IfLet(self.arena.alloc(hir::Let {
                     hir_id: self.next_id(),
-                    span: self.lower_span(span),
+                    span: self.lower_span(*span),
                     pat: self.lower_pat(pat),
                     ty: None,
                     init: self.lower_expr(scrutinee),
@@ -961,8 +955,8 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
     ) -> (hir::ClosureBinder, &'c [GenericParam]) {
         let (binder, params) = match binder {
             ClosureBinder::NotPresent => (hir::ClosureBinder::Default, &[][..]),
-            &ClosureBinder::For { span, ref generic_params } => {
-                let span = self.lower_span(span);
+            ClosureBinder::For { span, generic_params } => {
+                let span = self.lower_span(*span);
                 (hir::ClosureBinder::For { span }, &**generic_params)
             }
         };
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/index.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/index.rs
index 3a0e5f55ec1..695a698e022 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/index.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/index.rs
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> Visitor<'hir> for NodeCollector<'a, 'hir> {
     fn visit_item(&mut self, i: &'hir Item<'hir>) {
         debug_assert_eq!(i.owner_id, self.owner);
         self.with_parent(i.hir_id(), |this| {
-            if let ItemKind::Struct(ref struct_def, _) = i.kind {
+            if let ItemKind::Struct(struct_def, _) = &i.kind {
                 // If this is a tuple or unit-like struct, register the constructor.
                 if let Some(ctor_hir_id) = struct_def.ctor_hir_id() {
                     this.insert(i.span, ctor_hir_id, Node::Ctor(struct_def));
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/item.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/item.rs
index 99b3ac864dd..a1941b5d8d3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/item.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/item.rs
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> ItemLowerer<'a, 'hir> {
             // This is used to track which lifetimes have already been defined,
             // and which need to be replicated when lowering an async fn.
             match parent_hir.node().expect_item().kind {
-                hir::ItemKind::Impl(hir::Impl { ref of_trait, .. }) => {
+                hir::ItemKind::Impl(hir::Impl { of_trait, .. }) => {
                     lctx.is_in_trait_impl = of_trait.is_some();
                 }
                 _ => {}
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
     pub(super) fn lower_item_ref(&mut self, i: &Item) -> SmallVec<[hir::ItemId; 1]> {
         let mut node_ids =
             smallvec![hir::ItemId { owner_id: hir::OwnerId { def_id: self.local_def_id(i.id) } }];
-        if let ItemKind::Use(ref use_tree) = &i.kind {
+        if let ItemKind::Use(use_tree) = &i.kind {
             self.lower_item_id_use_tree(use_tree, i.id, &mut node_ids);
         }
         node_ids
@@ -190,8 +190,8 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
         base_id: NodeId,
         vec: &mut SmallVec<[hir::ItemId; 1]>,
     ) {
-        match tree.kind {
-            UseTreeKind::Nested(ref nested_vec) => {
+        match &tree.kind {
+            UseTreeKind::Nested(nested_vec) => {
                 for &(ref nested, id) in nested_vec {
                     vec.push(hir::ItemId {
                         owner_id: hir::OwnerId { def_id: self.local_def_id(id) },
@@ -201,8 +201,8 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
             }
             UseTreeKind::Glob => {}
             UseTreeKind::Simple(_, id1, id2) => {
-                for (_, &id) in
-                    iter::zip(self.expect_full_res_from_use(base_id).skip(1), &[id1, id2])
+                for (_, id) in
+                    iter::zip(self.expect_full_res_from_use(base_id).skip(1), [*id1, *id2])
                 {
                     vec.push(hir::ItemId {
                         owner_id: hir::OwnerId { def_id: self.local_def_id(id) },
@@ -238,26 +238,26 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
         vis_span: Span,
         i: &ItemKind,
     ) -> hir::ItemKind<'hir> {
-        match *i {
-            ItemKind::ExternCrate(orig_name) => hir::ItemKind::ExternCrate(orig_name),
-            ItemKind::Use(ref use_tree) => {
+        match i {
+            ItemKind::ExternCrate(orig_name) => hir::ItemKind::ExternCrate(*orig_name),
+            ItemKind::Use(use_tree) => {
                 // Start with an empty prefix.
                 let prefix = Path { segments: ThinVec::new(), span: use_tree.span, tokens: None };
 
                 self.lower_use_tree(use_tree, &prefix, id, vis_span, ident, attrs)
             }
-            ItemKind::Static(ref t, m, ref e) => {
+            ItemKind::Static(t, m, e) => {
                 let (ty, body_id) = self.lower_const_item(t, span, e.as_deref());
-                hir::ItemKind::Static(ty, m, body_id)
+                hir::ItemKind::Static(ty, *m, body_id)
             }
-            ItemKind::Const(_, ref t, ref e) => {
+            ItemKind::Const(_, t, e) => {
                 let (ty, body_id) = self.lower_const_item(t, span, e.as_deref());
                 hir::ItemKind::Const(ty, body_id)
             }
             ItemKind::Fn(box Fn {
-                sig: FnSig { ref decl, header, span: fn_sig_span },
-                ref generics,
-                ref body,
+                sig: FnSig { decl, header, span: fn_sig_span },
+                generics,
+                body,
                 ..
             }) => {
                 self.with_new_scopes(|this| {
@@ -274,37 +274,30 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                     let mut itctx = ImplTraitContext::Universal;
                     let (generics, decl) = this.lower_generics(generics, id, &mut itctx, |this| {
                         let ret_id = asyncness.opt_return_id();
-                        this.lower_fn_decl(&decl, Some(id), fn_sig_span, FnDeclKind::Fn, ret_id)
+                        this.lower_fn_decl(&decl, Some(id), *fn_sig_span, FnDeclKind::Fn, ret_id)
                     });
                     let sig = hir::FnSig {
                         decl,
-                        header: this.lower_fn_header(header),
-                        span: this.lower_span(fn_sig_span),
+                        header: this.lower_fn_header(*header),
+                        span: this.lower_span(*fn_sig_span),
                     };
                     hir::ItemKind::Fn(sig, generics, body_id)
                 })
             }
-            ItemKind::Mod(_, ref mod_kind) => match mod_kind {
+            ItemKind::Mod(_, mod_kind) => match mod_kind {
                 ModKind::Loaded(items, _, spans) => {
                     hir::ItemKind::Mod(self.lower_mod(items, spans))
                 }
                 ModKind::Unloaded => panic!("`mod` items should have been loaded by now"),
             },
-            ItemKind::ForeignMod(ref fm) => hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod {
+            ItemKind::ForeignMod(fm) => hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod {
                 abi: fm.abi.map_or(abi::Abi::FALLBACK, |abi| self.lower_abi(abi)),
                 items: self
                     .arena
                     .alloc_from_iter(fm.items.iter().map(|x| self.lower_foreign_item_ref(x))),
             },
-            ItemKind::GlobalAsm(ref asm) => {
-                hir::ItemKind::GlobalAsm(self.lower_inline_asm(span, asm))
-            }
-            ItemKind::TyAlias(box TyAlias {
-                ref generics,
-                where_clauses,
-                ty: Some(ref ty),
-                ..
-            }) => {
+            ItemKind::GlobalAsm(asm) => hir::ItemKind::GlobalAsm(self.lower_inline_asm(span, asm)),
+            ItemKind::TyAlias(box TyAlias { generics, where_clauses, ty: Some(ty), .. }) => {
                 // We lower
                 //
                 // type Foo = impl Trait
@@ -314,7 +307,7 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                 // type Foo = Foo1
                 // opaque type Foo1: Trait
                 let mut generics = generics.clone();
-                add_ty_alias_where_clause(&mut generics, where_clauses, true);
+                add_ty_alias_where_clause(&mut generics, *where_clauses, true);
                 let (generics, ty) = self.lower_generics(
                     &generics,
                     id,
@@ -323,9 +316,7 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                 );
                 hir::ItemKind::TyAlias(ty, generics)
             }
-            ItemKind::TyAlias(box TyAlias {
-                ref generics, ref where_clauses, ty: None, ..
-            }) => {
+            ItemKind::TyAlias(box TyAlias { generics, where_clauses, ty: None, .. }) => {
                 let mut generics = generics.clone();
                 add_ty_alias_where_clause(&mut generics, *where_clauses, true);
                 let (generics, ty) = self.lower_generics(
@@ -336,7 +327,7 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                 );
                 hir::ItemKind::TyAlias(ty, generics)
             }
-            ItemKind::Enum(ref enum_definition, ref generics) => {
+            ItemKind::Enum(enum_definition, generics) => {
                 let (generics, variants) = self.lower_generics(
                     generics,
                     id,
@@ -349,7 +340,7 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                 );
                 hir::ItemKind::Enum(hir::EnumDef { variants }, generics)
             }
-            ItemKind::Struct(ref struct_def, ref generics) => {
+            ItemKind::Struct(struct_def, generics) => {
                 let (generics, struct_def) = self.lower_generics(
                     generics,
                     id,
@@ -358,7 +349,7 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                 );
                 hir::ItemKind::Struct(struct_def, generics)
             }
-            ItemKind::Union(ref vdata, ref generics) => {
+            ItemKind::Union(vdata, generics) => {
                 let (generics, vdata) = self.lower_generics(
                     generics,
                     id,
@@ -372,10 +363,10 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                 polarity,
                 defaultness,
                 constness,
-                generics: ref ast_generics,
-                of_trait: ref trait_ref,
-                self_ty: ref ty,
-                items: ref impl_items,
+                generics: ast_generics,
+                of_trait: trait_ref,
+                self_ty: ty,
+                items: impl_items,
             }) => {
                 // Lower the "impl header" first. This ordering is important
                 // for in-band lifetimes! Consider `'a` here:
@@ -413,30 +404,24 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                 // `defaultness.has_value()` is never called for an `impl`, always `true` in order
                 // to not cause an assertion failure inside the `lower_defaultness` function.
                 let has_val = true;
-                let (defaultness, defaultness_span) = self.lower_defaultness(defaultness, has_val);
+                let (defaultness, defaultness_span) = self.lower_defaultness(*defaultness, has_val);
                 let polarity = match polarity {
                     ImplPolarity::Positive => ImplPolarity::Positive,
-                    ImplPolarity::Negative(s) => ImplPolarity::Negative(self.lower_span(s)),
+                    ImplPolarity::Negative(s) => ImplPolarity::Negative(self.lower_span(*s)),
                 };
                 hir::ItemKind::Impl(self.arena.alloc(hir::Impl {
-                    unsafety: self.lower_unsafety(unsafety),
+                    unsafety: self.lower_unsafety(*unsafety),
                     polarity,
                     defaultness,
                     defaultness_span,
-                    constness: self.lower_constness(constness),
+                    constness: self.lower_constness(*constness),
                     generics,
                     of_trait: trait_ref,
                     self_ty: lowered_ty,
                     items: new_impl_items,
                 }))
             }
-            ItemKind::Trait(box Trait {
-                is_auto,
-                unsafety,
-                ref generics,
-                ref bounds,
-                ref items,
-            }) => {
+            ItemKind::Trait(box Trait { is_auto, unsafety, generics, bounds, items }) => {
                 let (generics, (unsafety, items, bounds)) = self.lower_generics(
                     generics,
                     id,
@@ -449,13 +434,13 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                         let items = this.arena.alloc_from_iter(
                             items.iter().map(|item| this.lower_trait_item_ref(item)),
                         );
-                        let unsafety = this.lower_unsafety(unsafety);
+                        let unsafety = this.lower_unsafety(*unsafety);
                         (unsafety, items, bounds)
                     },
                 );
-                hir::ItemKind::Trait(is_auto, unsafety, generics, bounds, items)
+                hir::ItemKind::Trait(*is_auto, unsafety, generics, bounds, items)
             }
-            ItemKind::TraitAlias(ref generics, ref bounds) => {
+            ItemKind::TraitAlias(generics, bounds) => {
                 let (generics, bounds) = self.lower_generics(
                     generics,
                     id,
@@ -469,10 +454,10 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                 );
                 hir::ItemKind::TraitAlias(generics, bounds)
             }
-            ItemKind::MacroDef(MacroDef { ref body, macro_rules }) => {
+            ItemKind::MacroDef(MacroDef { body, macro_rules }) => {
                 let body = P(self.lower_delim_args(body));
                 let macro_kind = self.resolver.decl_macro_kind(self.local_def_id(id));
-                hir::ItemKind::Macro(ast::MacroDef { body, macro_rules }, macro_kind)
+                hir::ItemKind::Macro(ast::MacroDef { body, macro_rules: *macro_rules }, macro_kind)
             }
             ItemKind::MacCall(..) => {
                 panic!("`TyMac` should have been expanded by now")
@@ -664,8 +649,8 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
         let item = hir::ForeignItem {
             owner_id,
             ident: self.lower_ident(i.ident),
-            kind: match i.kind {
-                ForeignItemKind::Fn(box Fn { ref sig, ref generics, .. }) => {
+            kind: match &i.kind {
+                ForeignItemKind::Fn(box Fn { sig, generics, .. }) => {
                     let fdec = &sig.decl;
                     let mut itctx = ImplTraitContext::Universal;
                     let (generics, (fn_dec, fn_args)) =
@@ -685,10 +670,10 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
 
                     hir::ForeignItemKind::Fn(fn_dec, fn_args, generics)
                 }
-                ForeignItemKind::Static(ref t, m, _) => {
+                ForeignItemKind::Static(t, m, _) => {
                     let ty =
                         self.lower_ty(t, &ImplTraitContext::Disallowed(ImplTraitPosition::Type));
-                    hir::ForeignItemKind::Static(ty, m)
+                    hir::ForeignItemKind::Static(ty, *m)
                 }
                 ForeignItemKind::TyAlias(..) => hir::ForeignItemKind::Type,
                 ForeignItemKind::MacCall(_) => panic!("macro shouldn't exist here"),
@@ -725,33 +710,33 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
         parent_id: hir::HirId,
         vdata: &VariantData,
     ) -> hir::VariantData<'hir> {
-        match *vdata {
-            VariantData::Struct(ref fields, recovered) => hir::VariantData::Struct(
+        match vdata {
+            VariantData::Struct(fields, recovered) => hir::VariantData::Struct(
                 self.arena
                     .alloc_from_iter(fields.iter().enumerate().map(|f| self.lower_field_def(f))),
-                recovered,
+                *recovered,
             ),
-            VariantData::Tuple(ref fields, id) => {
-                let ctor_id = self.lower_node_id(id);
+            VariantData::Tuple(fields, id) => {
+                let ctor_id = self.lower_node_id(*id);
                 self.alias_attrs(ctor_id, parent_id);
                 hir::VariantData::Tuple(
                     self.arena.alloc_from_iter(
                         fields.iter().enumerate().map(|f| self.lower_field_def(f)),
                     ),
                     ctor_id,
-                    self.local_def_id(id),
+                    self.local_def_id(*id),
                 )
             }
             VariantData::Unit(id) => {
-                let ctor_id = self.lower_node_id(id);
+                let ctor_id = self.lower_node_id(*id);
                 self.alias_attrs(ctor_id, parent_id);
-                hir::VariantData::Unit(ctor_id, self.local_def_id(id))
+                hir::VariantData::Unit(ctor_id, self.local_def_id(*id))
             }
         }
     }
 
     fn lower_field_def(&mut self, (index, f): (usize, &FieldDef)) -> hir::FieldDef<'hir> {
-        let ty = if let TyKind::Path(ref qself, ref path) = f.ty.kind {
+        let ty = if let TyKind::Path(qself, path) = &f.ty.kind {
             let t = self.lower_path_ty(
                 &f.ty,
                 qself,
@@ -783,13 +768,13 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
         let hir_id = self.lower_node_id(i.id);
         let trait_item_def_id = hir_id.expect_owner();
 
-        let (generics, kind, has_default) = match i.kind {
-            AssocItemKind::Const(_, ref ty, ref default) => {
+        let (generics, kind, has_default) = match &i.kind {
+            AssocItemKind::Const(_, ty, default) => {
                 let ty = self.lower_ty(ty, &ImplTraitContext::Disallowed(ImplTraitPosition::Type));
                 let body = default.as_ref().map(|x| self.lower_const_body(i.span, Some(x)));
                 (hir::Generics::empty(), hir::TraitItemKind::Const(ty, body), body.is_some())
             }
-            AssocItemKind::Fn(box Fn { ref sig, ref generics, body: None, .. }) => {
+            AssocItemKind::Fn(box Fn { sig, generics, body: None, .. }) => {
                 let asyncness = sig.header.asyncness;
                 let names = self.lower_fn_params_to_names(&sig.decl);
                 let (generics, sig) = self.lower_method_sig(
@@ -801,7 +786,7 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                 );
                 (generics, hir::TraitItemKind::Fn(sig, hir::TraitFn::Required(names)), false)
             }
-            AssocItemKind::Fn(box Fn { ref sig, ref generics, body: Some(ref body), .. }) => {
+            AssocItemKind::Fn(box Fn { sig, generics, body: Some(body), .. }) => {
                 let asyncness = sig.header.asyncness;
                 let body_id =
                     self.lower_maybe_async_body(i.span, &sig.decl, asyncness, Some(&body));
@@ -814,15 +799,9 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                 );
                 (generics, hir::TraitItemKind::Fn(sig, hir::TraitFn::Provided(body_id)), true)
             }
-            AssocItemKind::Type(box TyAlias {
-                ref generics,
-                where_clauses,
-                ref bounds,
-                ref ty,
-                ..
-            }) => {
+            AssocItemKind::Type(box TyAlias { generics, where_clauses, bounds, ty, .. }) => {
                 let mut generics = generics.clone();
-                add_ty_alias_where_clause(&mut generics, where_clauses, false);
+                add_ty_alias_where_clause(&mut generics, *where_clauses, false);
                 let (generics, kind) = self.lower_generics(
                     &generics,
                     i.id,
@@ -1354,7 +1333,7 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
         // keep track of the Span info. Now, `add_implicitly_sized` in `AstConv` checks both param bounds and
         // where clauses for `?Sized`.
         for pred in &generics.where_clause.predicates {
-            let WherePredicate::BoundPredicate(ref bound_pred) = *pred else {
+            let WherePredicate::BoundPredicate(bound_pred) = pred else {
                 continue;
             };
             let compute_is_param = || {
@@ -1515,11 +1494,11 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
     }
 
     fn lower_where_predicate(&mut self, pred: &WherePredicate) -> hir::WherePredicate<'hir> {
-        match *pred {
+        match pred {
             WherePredicate::BoundPredicate(WhereBoundPredicate {
-                ref bound_generic_params,
-                ref bounded_ty,
-                ref bounds,
+                bound_generic_params,
+                bounded_ty,
+                bounds,
                 span,
             }) => hir::WherePredicate::BoundPredicate(hir::WhereBoundPredicate {
                 hir_id: self.next_id(),
@@ -1532,29 +1511,27 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                         &ImplTraitContext::Disallowed(ImplTraitPosition::Bound),
                     )
                 })),
-                span: self.lower_span(span),
+                span: self.lower_span(*span),
                 origin: PredicateOrigin::WhereClause,
             }),
-            WherePredicate::RegionPredicate(WhereRegionPredicate {
-                ref lifetime,
-                ref bounds,
-                span,
-            }) => hir::WherePredicate::RegionPredicate(hir::WhereRegionPredicate {
-                span: self.lower_span(span),
-                lifetime: self.lower_lifetime(lifetime),
-                bounds: self.lower_param_bounds(
-                    bounds,
-                    &ImplTraitContext::Disallowed(ImplTraitPosition::Bound),
-                ),
-                in_where_clause: true,
-            }),
-            WherePredicate::EqPredicate(WhereEqPredicate { ref lhs_ty, ref rhs_ty, span }) => {
+            WherePredicate::RegionPredicate(WhereRegionPredicate { lifetime, bounds, span }) => {
+                hir::WherePredicate::RegionPredicate(hir::WhereRegionPredicate {
+                    span: self.lower_span(*span),
+                    lifetime: self.lower_lifetime(lifetime),
+                    bounds: self.lower_param_bounds(
+                        bounds,
+                        &ImplTraitContext::Disallowed(ImplTraitPosition::Bound),
+                    ),
+                    in_where_clause: true,
+                })
+            }
+            WherePredicate::EqPredicate(WhereEqPredicate { lhs_ty, rhs_ty, span }) => {
                 hir::WherePredicate::EqPredicate(hir::WhereEqPredicate {
                     lhs_ty: self
                         .lower_ty(lhs_ty, &ImplTraitContext::Disallowed(ImplTraitPosition::Type)),
                     rhs_ty: self
                         .lower_ty(rhs_ty, &ImplTraitContext::Disallowed(ImplTraitPosition::Type)),
-                    span: self.lower_span(span),
+                    span: self.lower_span(*span),
                 })
             }
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/lib.rs
index bd1876d4284..d1666dfbf64 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/lib.rs
@@ -932,13 +932,13 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
     }
 
     fn lower_attr_args(&self, args: &AttrArgs) -> AttrArgs {
-        match *args {
+        match args {
             AttrArgs::Empty => AttrArgs::Empty,
-            AttrArgs::Delimited(ref args) => AttrArgs::Delimited(self.lower_delim_args(args)),
+            AttrArgs::Delimited(args) => AttrArgs::Delimited(self.lower_delim_args(args)),
             // This is an inert key-value attribute - it will never be visible to macros
             // after it gets lowered to HIR. Therefore, we can extract literals to handle
             // nonterminals in `#[doc]` (e.g. `#[doc = $e]`).
-            AttrArgs::Eq(eq_span, AttrArgsEq::Ast(ref expr)) => {
+            AttrArgs::Eq(eq_span, AttrArgsEq::Ast(expr)) => {
                 // In valid code the value always ends up as a single literal. Otherwise, a dummy
                 // literal suffices because the error is handled elsewhere.
                 let lit = if let ExprKind::Lit(token_lit) = expr.kind {
@@ -957,9 +957,9 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                         span: DUMMY_SP,
                     }
                 };
-                AttrArgs::Eq(eq_span, AttrArgsEq::Hir(lit))
+                AttrArgs::Eq(*eq_span, AttrArgsEq::Hir(lit))
             }
-            AttrArgs::Eq(_, AttrArgsEq::Hir(ref lit)) => {
+            AttrArgs::Eq(_, AttrArgsEq::Hir(lit)) => {
                 unreachable!("in literal form when lowering mac args eq: {:?}", lit)
             }
         }
@@ -987,12 +987,12 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
     ) -> hir::TypeBinding<'hir> {
         debug!("lower_assoc_ty_constraint(constraint={:?}, itctx={:?})", constraint, itctx);
         // lower generic arguments of identifier in constraint
-        let gen_args = if let Some(ref gen_args) = constraint.gen_args {
+        let gen_args = if let Some(gen_args) = &constraint.gen_args {
             let gen_args_ctor = match gen_args {
-                GenericArgs::AngleBracketed(ref data) => {
+                GenericArgs::AngleBracketed(data) => {
                     self.lower_angle_bracketed_parameter_data(data, ParamMode::Explicit, itctx).0
                 }
-                GenericArgs::Parenthesized(ref data) => {
+                GenericArgs::Parenthesized(data) => {
                     self.emit_bad_parenthesized_trait_in_assoc_ty(data);
                     let aba = self.ast_arena.aba.alloc(data.as_angle_bracketed_args());
                     self.lower_angle_bracketed_parameter_data(aba, ParamMode::Explicit, itctx).0
@@ -1004,15 +1004,15 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
         };
         let itctx_tait = &ImplTraitContext::TypeAliasesOpaqueTy;
 
-        let kind = match constraint.kind {
-            AssocConstraintKind::Equality { ref term } => {
+        let kind = match &constraint.kind {
+            AssocConstraintKind::Equality { term } => {
                 let term = match term {
-                    Term::Ty(ref ty) => self.lower_ty(ty, itctx).into(),
-                    Term::Const(ref c) => self.lower_anon_const(c).into(),
+                    Term::Ty(ty) => self.lower_ty(ty, itctx).into(),
+                    Term::Const(c) => self.lower_anon_const(c).into(),
                 };
                 hir::TypeBindingKind::Equality { term }
             }
-            AssocConstraintKind::Bound { ref bounds } => {
+            AssocConstraintKind::Bound { bounds } => {
                 // Piggy-back on the `impl Trait` context to figure out the correct behavior.
                 let (desugar_to_impl_trait, itctx) = match itctx {
                     // We are in the return position:
@@ -1122,7 +1122,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
         match arg {
             ast::GenericArg::Lifetime(lt) => GenericArg::Lifetime(self.lower_lifetime(&lt)),
             ast::GenericArg::Type(ty) => {
-                match ty.kind {
+                match &ty.kind {
                     TyKind::Infer if self.tcx.features().generic_arg_infer => {
                         return GenericArg::Infer(hir::InferArg {
                             hir_id: self.lower_node_id(ty.id),
@@ -1133,7 +1133,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                     // parsing. We try to resolve that ambiguity by attempting resolution in both the
                     // type and value namespaces. If we resolved the path in the value namespace, we
                     // transform it into a generic const argument.
-                    TyKind::Path(ref qself, ref path) => {
+                    TyKind::Path(qself, path) => {
                         if let Some(res) = self
                             .resolver
                             .get_partial_res(ty.id)
@@ -1240,12 +1240,12 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
     }
 
     fn lower_ty_direct(&mut self, t: &Ty, itctx: &ImplTraitContext) -> hir::Ty<'hir> {
-        let kind = match t.kind {
+        let kind = match &t.kind {
             TyKind::Infer => hir::TyKind::Infer,
             TyKind::Err => hir::TyKind::Err,
-            TyKind::Slice(ref ty) => hir::TyKind::Slice(self.lower_ty(ty, itctx)),
-            TyKind::Ptr(ref mt) => hir::TyKind::Ptr(self.lower_mt(mt, itctx)),
-            TyKind::Rptr(ref region, ref mt) => {
+            TyKind::Slice(ty) => hir::TyKind::Slice(self.lower_ty(ty, itctx)),
+            TyKind::Ptr(mt) => hir::TyKind::Ptr(self.lower_mt(mt, itctx)),
+            TyKind::Rptr(region, mt) => {
                 let region = region.unwrap_or_else(|| {
                     let id = if let Some(LifetimeRes::ElidedAnchor { start, end }) =
                         self.resolver.get_lifetime_res(t.id)
@@ -1261,7 +1261,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                 let lifetime = self.lower_lifetime(&region);
                 hir::TyKind::Rptr(lifetime, self.lower_mt(mt, itctx))
             }
-            TyKind::BareFn(ref f) => {
+            TyKind::BareFn(f) => {
                 let generic_params = self.lower_lifetime_binder(t.id, &f.generic_params);
                 hir::TyKind::BareFn(self.arena.alloc(hir::BareFnTy {
                     generic_params,
@@ -1272,13 +1272,13 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                 }))
             }
             TyKind::Never => hir::TyKind::Never,
-            TyKind::Tup(ref tys) => hir::TyKind::Tup(
+            TyKind::Tup(tys) => hir::TyKind::Tup(
                 self.arena.alloc_from_iter(tys.iter().map(|ty| self.lower_ty_direct(ty, itctx))),
             ),
-            TyKind::Paren(ref ty) => {
+            TyKind::Paren(ty) => {
                 return self.lower_ty_direct(ty, itctx);
             }
-            TyKind::Path(ref qself, ref path) => {
+            TyKind::Path(qself, path) => {
                 return self.lower_path_ty(t, qself, path, ParamMode::Explicit, itctx);
             }
             TyKind::ImplicitSelf => {
@@ -1298,48 +1298,46 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                     }),
                 ))
             }
-            TyKind::Array(ref ty, ref length) => {
+            TyKind::Array(ty, length) => {
                 hir::TyKind::Array(self.lower_ty(ty, itctx), self.lower_array_length(length))
             }
-            TyKind::Typeof(ref expr) => hir::TyKind::Typeof(self.lower_anon_const(expr)),
-            TyKind::TraitObject(ref bounds, kind) => {
+            TyKind::Typeof(expr) => hir::TyKind::Typeof(self.lower_anon_const(expr)),
+            TyKind::TraitObject(bounds, kind) => {
                 let mut lifetime_bound = None;
                 let (bounds, lifetime_bound) = self.with_dyn_type_scope(true, |this| {
                     let bounds =
-                        this.arena.alloc_from_iter(bounds.iter().filter_map(
-                            |bound| match *bound {
-                                GenericBound::Trait(
-                                    ref ty,
-                                    TraitBoundModifier::None | TraitBoundModifier::MaybeConst,
-                                ) => Some(this.lower_poly_trait_ref(ty, itctx)),
-                                // `~const ?Bound` will cause an error during AST validation
-                                // anyways, so treat it like `?Bound` as compilation proceeds.
-                                GenericBound::Trait(
-                                    _,
-                                    TraitBoundModifier::Maybe | TraitBoundModifier::MaybeConstMaybe,
-                                ) => None,
-                                GenericBound::Outlives(ref lifetime) => {
-                                    if lifetime_bound.is_none() {
-                                        lifetime_bound = Some(this.lower_lifetime(lifetime));
-                                    }
-                                    None
+                        this.arena.alloc_from_iter(bounds.iter().filter_map(|bound| match bound {
+                            GenericBound::Trait(
+                                ty,
+                                TraitBoundModifier::None | TraitBoundModifier::MaybeConst,
+                            ) => Some(this.lower_poly_trait_ref(ty, itctx)),
+                            // `~const ?Bound` will cause an error during AST validation
+                            // anyways, so treat it like `?Bound` as compilation proceeds.
+                            GenericBound::Trait(
+                                _,
+                                TraitBoundModifier::Maybe | TraitBoundModifier::MaybeConstMaybe,
+                            ) => None,
+                            GenericBound::Outlives(lifetime) => {
+                                if lifetime_bound.is_none() {
+                                    lifetime_bound = Some(this.lower_lifetime(lifetime));
                                 }
-                            },
-                        ));
+                                None
+                            }
+                        }));
                     let lifetime_bound =
                         lifetime_bound.unwrap_or_else(|| this.elided_dyn_bound(t.span));
                     (bounds, lifetime_bound)
                 });
-                hir::TyKind::TraitObject(bounds, lifetime_bound, kind)
+                hir::TyKind::TraitObject(bounds, lifetime_bound, *kind)
             }
-            TyKind::ImplTrait(def_node_id, ref bounds) => {
+            TyKind::ImplTrait(def_node_id, bounds) => {
                 let span = t.span;
                 match itctx {
                     ImplTraitContext::ReturnPositionOpaqueTy { origin, in_trait } => self
                         .lower_opaque_impl_trait(
                             span,
                             *origin,
-                            def_node_id,
+                            *def_node_id,
                             bounds,
                             *in_trait,
                             itctx,
@@ -1347,7 +1345,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                     ImplTraitContext::TypeAliasesOpaqueTy => self.lower_opaque_impl_trait(
                         span,
                         hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias,
-                        def_node_id,
+                        *def_node_id,
                         bounds,
                         false,
                         itctx,
@@ -1355,13 +1353,13 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                     ImplTraitContext::Universal => {
                         self.create_def(
                             self.current_hir_id_owner.def_id,
-                            def_node_id,
+                            *def_node_id,
                             DefPathData::ImplTrait,
                         );
                         let span = t.span;
                         let ident = Ident::from_str_and_span(&pprust::ty_to_string(t), span);
                         let (param, bounds, path) =
-                            self.lower_generic_and_bounds(def_node_id, span, ident, bounds);
+                            self.lower_generic_and_bounds(*def_node_id, span, ident, bounds);
                         self.impl_trait_defs.push(param);
                         if let Some(bounds) = bounds {
                             self.impl_trait_bounds.push(bounds);
@@ -1740,8 +1738,8 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                 matches!(kind, FnDeclKind::Trait),
             )
         } else {
-            match decl.output {
-                FnRetTy::Ty(ref ty) => {
+            match &decl.output {
+                FnRetTy::Ty(ty) => {
                     let mut context = match fn_node_id {
                         Some(fn_node_id) if kind.impl_trait_allowed(self.tcx) => {
                             let fn_def_id = self.local_def_id(fn_node_id);
@@ -1763,7 +1761,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                     };
                     hir::FnRetTy::Return(self.lower_ty(ty, &mut context))
                 }
-                FnRetTy::Default(span) => hir::FnRetTy::DefaultReturn(self.lower_span(span)),
+                FnRetTy::Default(span) => hir::FnRetTy::DefaultReturn(self.lower_span(*span)),
             }
         };
 
@@ -1777,18 +1775,18 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                     PatKind::Ident(hir::BindingAnnotation(_, Mutability::Mut), ..)
                 );
 
-                match arg.ty.kind {
+                match &arg.ty.kind {
                     TyKind::ImplicitSelf if is_mutable_pat => hir::ImplicitSelfKind::Mut,
                     TyKind::ImplicitSelf => hir::ImplicitSelfKind::Imm,
                     // Given we are only considering `ImplicitSelf` types, we needn't consider
                     // the case where we have a mutable pattern to a reference as that would
                     // no longer be an `ImplicitSelf`.
-                    TyKind::Rptr(_, ref mt)
+                    TyKind::Rptr(_, mt)
                         if mt.ty.kind.is_implicit_self() && mt.mutbl == ast::Mutability::Mut =>
                     {
                         hir::ImplicitSelfKind::MutRef
                     }
-                    TyKind::Rptr(_, ref mt) if mt.ty.kind.is_implicit_self() => {
+                    TyKind::Rptr(_, mt) if mt.ty.kind.is_implicit_self() => {
                         hir::ImplicitSelfKind::ImmRef
                     }
                     _ => hir::ImplicitSelfKind::None,
@@ -2181,7 +2179,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
         &mut self,
         param: &GenericParam,
     ) -> (hir::ParamName, hir::GenericParamKind<'hir>) {
-        match param.kind {
+        match &param.kind {
             GenericParamKind::Lifetime => {
                 // AST resolution emitted an error on those parameters, so we lower them using
                 // `ParamName::Error`.
@@ -2197,7 +2195,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
 
                 (param_name, kind)
             }
-            GenericParamKind::Type { ref default, .. } => {
+            GenericParamKind::Type { default, .. } => {
                 let kind = hir::GenericParamKind::Type {
                     default: default.as_ref().map(|x| {
                         self.lower_ty(x, &ImplTraitContext::Disallowed(ImplTraitPosition::Type))
@@ -2207,7 +2205,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
 
                 (hir::ParamName::Plain(self.lower_ident(param.ident)), kind)
             }
-            GenericParamKind::Const { ref ty, kw_span: _, ref default } => {
+            GenericParamKind::Const { ty, kw_span: _, default } => {
                 let ty = self.lower_ty(&ty, &ImplTraitContext::Disallowed(ImplTraitPosition::Type));
                 let default = default.as_ref().map(|def| self.lower_anon_const(def));
                 (
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/pat.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/pat.rs
index 7fdfc79164b..16b012630da 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/pat.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/pat.rs
@@ -22,16 +22,16 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
         ensure_sufficient_stack(|| {
             // loop here to avoid recursion
             let node = loop {
-                match pattern.kind {
+                match &pattern.kind {
                     PatKind::Wild => break hir::PatKind::Wild,
-                    PatKind::Ident(binding_mode, ident, ref sub) => {
-                        let lower_sub = |this: &mut Self| sub.as_ref().map(|s| this.lower_pat(&*s));
-                        break self.lower_pat_ident(pattern, binding_mode, ident, lower_sub);
+                    PatKind::Ident(binding_mode, ident, sub) => {
+                        let lower_sub = |this: &mut Self| sub.as_ref().map(|s| this.lower_pat(s));
+                        break self.lower_pat_ident(pattern, *binding_mode, *ident, lower_sub);
                     }
-                    PatKind::Lit(ref e) => {
+                    PatKind::Lit(e) => {
                         break hir::PatKind::Lit(self.lower_expr_within_pat(e, false));
                     }
-                    PatKind::TupleStruct(ref qself, ref path, ref pats) => {
+                    PatKind::TupleStruct(qself, path, pats) => {
                         let qpath = self.lower_qpath(
                             pattern.id,
                             qself,
@@ -42,12 +42,12 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                         let (pats, ddpos) = self.lower_pat_tuple(pats, "tuple struct");
                         break hir::PatKind::TupleStruct(qpath, pats, ddpos);
                     }
-                    PatKind::Or(ref pats) => {
+                    PatKind::Or(pats) => {
                         break hir::PatKind::Or(
                             self.arena.alloc_from_iter(pats.iter().map(|x| self.lower_pat_mut(x))),
                         );
                     }
-                    PatKind::Path(ref qself, ref path) => {
+                    PatKind::Path(qself, path) => {
                         let qpath = self.lower_qpath(
                             pattern.id,
                             qself,
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                         );
                         break hir::PatKind::Path(qpath);
                     }
-                    PatKind::Struct(ref qself, ref path, ref fields, etc) => {
+                    PatKind::Struct(qself, path, fields, etc) => {
                         let qpath = self.lower_qpath(
                             pattern.id,
                             qself,
@@ -78,32 +78,32 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                                 span: self.lower_span(f.span),
                             }
                         }));
-                        break hir::PatKind::Struct(qpath, fs, etc);
+                        break hir::PatKind::Struct(qpath, fs, *etc);
                     }
-                    PatKind::Tuple(ref pats) => {
+                    PatKind::Tuple(pats) => {
                         let (pats, ddpos) = self.lower_pat_tuple(pats, "tuple");
                         break hir::PatKind::Tuple(pats, ddpos);
                     }
-                    PatKind::Box(ref inner) => {
+                    PatKind::Box(inner) => {
                         break hir::PatKind::Box(self.lower_pat(inner));
                     }
-                    PatKind::Ref(ref inner, mutbl) => {
-                        break hir::PatKind::Ref(self.lower_pat(inner), mutbl);
+                    PatKind::Ref(inner, mutbl) => {
+                        break hir::PatKind::Ref(self.lower_pat(inner), *mutbl);
                     }
-                    PatKind::Range(ref e1, ref e2, Spanned { node: ref end, .. }) => {
+                    PatKind::Range(e1, e2, Spanned { node: end, .. }) => {
                         break hir::PatKind::Range(
                             e1.as_deref().map(|e| self.lower_expr_within_pat(e, true)),
                             e2.as_deref().map(|e| self.lower_expr_within_pat(e, true)),
                             self.lower_range_end(end, e2.is_some()),
                         );
                     }
-                    PatKind::Slice(ref pats) => break self.lower_pat_slice(pats),
+                    PatKind::Slice(pats) => break self.lower_pat_slice(pats),
                     PatKind::Rest => {
                         // If we reach here the `..` pattern is not semantically allowed.
                         break self.ban_illegal_rest_pat(pattern.span);
                     }
                     // return inner to be processed in next loop
-                    PatKind::Paren(ref inner) => pattern = inner,
+                    PatKind::Paren(inner) => pattern = inner,
                     PatKind::MacCall(_) => panic!("{:?} shouldn't exist here", pattern.span),
                 }
             };
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
             // Note that unlike for slice patterns,
             // where `xs @ ..` is a legal sub-slice pattern,
             // it is not a legal sub-tuple pattern.
-            match pat.kind {
+            match &pat.kind {
                 // Found a sub-tuple rest pattern
                 PatKind::Rest => {
                     rest = Some((idx, pat.span));
@@ -134,12 +134,12 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                 }
                 // Found a sub-tuple pattern `$binding_mode $ident @ ..`.
                 // This is not allowed as a sub-tuple pattern
-                PatKind::Ident(ref _bm, ident, Some(ref sub)) if sub.is_rest() => {
+                PatKind::Ident(_, ident, Some(sub)) if sub.is_rest() => {
                     let sp = pat.span;
                     self.tcx.sess.emit_err(SubTupleBinding {
                         span: sp,
                         ident_name: ident.name,
-                        ident,
+                        ident: *ident,
                         ctx,
                     });
                 }
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
         let mut prev_rest_span = None;
 
         // Lowers `$bm $ident @ ..` to `$bm $ident @ _`.
-        let lower_rest_sub = |this: &mut Self, pat, ann, ident, sub| {
+        let lower_rest_sub = |this: &mut Self, pat, &ann, &ident, sub| {
             let lower_sub = |this: &mut Self| Some(this.pat_wild_with_node_id_of(sub));
             let node = this.lower_pat_ident(pat, ann, ident, lower_sub);
             this.pat_with_node_id_of(pat, node)
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
         let mut iter = pats.iter();
         // Lower all the patterns until the first occurrence of a sub-slice pattern.
         for pat in iter.by_ref() {
-            match pat.kind {
+            match &pat.kind {
                 // Found a sub-slice pattern `..`. Record, lower it to `_`, and stop here.
                 PatKind::Rest => {
                     prev_rest_span = Some(pat.span);
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                 }
                 // Found a sub-slice pattern `$binding_mode $ident @ ..`.
                 // Record, lower it to `$binding_mode $ident @ _`, and stop here.
-                PatKind::Ident(ann, ident, Some(ref sub)) if sub.is_rest() => {
+                PatKind::Ident(ann, ident, Some(sub)) if sub.is_rest() => {
                     prev_rest_span = Some(sub.span);
                     slice = Some(self.arena.alloc(lower_rest_sub(self, pat, ann, ident, sub)));
                     break;
@@ -207,9 +207,9 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
         // Lower all the patterns after the first sub-slice pattern.
         for pat in iter {
             // There was a previous subslice pattern; make sure we don't allow more.
-            let rest_span = match pat.kind {
+            let rest_span = match &pat.kind {
                 PatKind::Rest => Some(pat.span),
-                PatKind::Ident(ann, ident, Some(ref sub)) if sub.is_rest() => {
+                PatKind::Ident(ann, ident, Some(sub)) if sub.is_rest() => {
                     // #69103: Lower into `binding @ _` as above to avoid ICEs.
                     after.push(lower_rest_sub(self, pat, ann, ident, sub));
                     Some(sub.span)
@@ -322,13 +322,13 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
     // m!(S);
     // ```
     fn lower_expr_within_pat(&mut self, expr: &Expr, allow_paths: bool) -> &'hir hir::Expr<'hir> {
-        match expr.kind {
+        match &expr.kind {
             ExprKind::Lit(..)
             | ExprKind::ConstBlock(..)
             | ExprKind::IncludedBytes(..)
             | ExprKind::Err => {}
             ExprKind::Path(..) if allow_paths => {}
-            ExprKind::Unary(UnOp::Neg, ref inner) if matches!(inner.kind, ExprKind::Lit(_)) => {}
+            ExprKind::Unary(UnOp::Neg, inner) if matches!(inner.kind, ExprKind::Lit(_)) => {}
             _ => {
                 self.tcx.sess.emit_err(ArbitraryExpressionInPattern { span: expr.span });
                 return self.arena.alloc(self.expr_err(expr.span));
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/path.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/path.rs
index 83d459d899b..27b44c0b6a2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/path.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/path.rs
@@ -185,12 +185,12 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
         itctx: &ImplTraitContext,
     ) -> hir::PathSegment<'hir> {
         debug!("path_span: {:?}, lower_path_segment(segment: {:?})", path_span, segment,);
-        let (mut generic_args, infer_args) = if let Some(ref generic_args) = segment.args {
-            match **generic_args {
-                GenericArgs::AngleBracketed(ref data) => {
+        let (mut generic_args, infer_args) = if let Some(generic_args) = segment.args.as_deref() {
+            match generic_args {
+                GenericArgs::AngleBracketed(data) => {
                     self.lower_angle_bracketed_parameter_data(data, param_mode, itctx)
                 }
-                GenericArgs::Parenthesized(ref data) => match parenthesized_generic_args {
+                GenericArgs::Parenthesized(data) => match parenthesized_generic_args {
                     ParenthesizedGenericArgs::Ok => {
                         self.lower_parenthesized_parameter_data(data, itctx)
                     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/coercion.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/coercion.rs
index 43c7127b0d4..3f0d0a76027 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/coercion.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/coercion.rs
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ use rustc_hir::Expr;
 use rustc_hir_analysis::astconv::AstConv;
 use rustc_infer::infer::type_variable::{TypeVariableOrigin, TypeVariableOriginKind};
 use rustc_infer::infer::{Coercion, InferOk, InferResult};
-use rustc_infer::traits::{Obligation, TraitEngine, TraitEngineExt};
+use rustc_infer::traits::Obligation;
 use rustc_middle::lint::in_external_macro;
 use rustc_middle::ty::adjustment::{
     Adjust, Adjustment, AllowTwoPhase, AutoBorrow, AutoBorrowMutability, PointerCast,
@@ -62,8 +62,7 @@ use rustc_span::{self, BytePos, DesugaringKind, Span};
 use rustc_target::spec::abi::Abi;
 use rustc_trait_selection::infer::InferCtxtExt as _;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::error_reporting::TypeErrCtxtExt as _;
-use rustc_trait_selection::traits::TraitEngineExt as _;
-use rustc_trait_selection::traits::{self, ObligationCause, ObligationCauseCode};
+use rustc_trait_selection::traits::{self, ObligationCause, ObligationCauseCode, ObligationCtxt};
 
 use smallvec::{smallvec, SmallVec};
 use std::ops::Deref;
@@ -1055,9 +1054,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             let Ok(ok) = coerce.coerce(source, target) else {
                 return false;
             };
-            let mut fcx = <dyn TraitEngine<'tcx>>::new_in_snapshot(self.tcx);
-            fcx.register_predicate_obligations(self, ok.obligations);
-            fcx.select_where_possible(&self).is_empty()
+            let ocx = ObligationCtxt::new_in_snapshot(self);
+            ocx.register_obligations(ok.obligations);
+            ocx.select_where_possible().is_empty()
         })
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/attr.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/attr.rs
index fb2cee9e346..0ed24fe849c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/attr.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/attr.rs
@@ -245,9 +245,9 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
     ///     PATH `=` UNSUFFIXED_LIT
     /// The delimiters or `=` are still put into the resulting token stream.
     pub fn parse_attr_item(&mut self, capture_tokens: bool) -> PResult<'a, ast::AttrItem> {
-        let item = match self.token.kind {
-            token::Interpolated(ref nt) => match **nt {
-                Nonterminal::NtMeta(ref item) => Some(item.clone().into_inner()),
+        let item = match &self.token.kind {
+            token::Interpolated(nt) => match &**nt {
+                Nonterminal::NtMeta(item) => Some(item.clone().into_inner()),
                 _ => None,
             },
             _ => None,
@@ -364,9 +364,9 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
     /// meta_item_inner : (meta_item | UNSUFFIXED_LIT) (',' meta_item_inner)? ;
     /// ```
     pub fn parse_meta_item(&mut self) -> PResult<'a, ast::MetaItem> {
-        let nt_meta = match self.token.kind {
-            token::Interpolated(ref nt) => match **nt {
-                token::NtMeta(ref e) => Some(e.clone()),
+        let nt_meta = match &self.token.kind {
+            token::Interpolated(nt) => match &**nt {
+                token::NtMeta(e) => Some(e.clone()),
                 _ => None,
             },
             _ => None,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/diagnostics.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/diagnostics.rs
index 4c626539238..94c83503dc9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/diagnostics.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/diagnostics.rs
@@ -973,7 +973,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         inner_op: &Expr,
         outer_op: &Spanned<AssocOp>,
     ) -> bool /* advanced the cursor */ {
-        if let ExprKind::Binary(op, ref l1, ref r1) = inner_op.kind {
+        if let ExprKind::Binary(op, l1, r1) = &inner_op.kind {
             if let ExprKind::Field(_, ident) = l1.kind
                 && ident.as_str().parse::<i32>().is_err()
                 && !matches!(r1.kind, ExprKind::Lit(_))
@@ -1079,8 +1079,8 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
 
         let mk_err_expr = |this: &Self, span| Ok(Some(this.mk_expr(span, ExprKind::Err)));
 
-        match inner_op.kind {
-            ExprKind::Binary(op, ref l1, ref r1) if op.node.is_comparison() => {
+        match &inner_op.kind {
+            ExprKind::Binary(op, l1, r1) if op.node.is_comparison() => {
                 let mut err = ComparisonOperatorsCannotBeChained {
                     span: vec![op.span, self.prev_token.span],
                     suggest_turbofish: None,
@@ -1237,8 +1237,8 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         let bounds = self.parse_generic_bounds(None)?;
         let sum_span = ty.span.to(self.prev_token.span);
 
-        let sub = match ty.kind {
-            TyKind::Rptr(ref lifetime, ref mut_ty) => {
+        let sub = match &ty.kind {
+            TyKind::Rptr(lifetime, mut_ty) => {
                 let sum_with_parens = pprust::to_string(|s| {
                     s.s.word("&");
                     s.print_opt_lifetime(lifetime);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/expr.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/expr.rs
index ba73fbd3e12..dc914f5ea64 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/expr.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/expr.rs
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                 self.sess.ambiguous_block_expr_parse.borrow_mut().insert(sp, lhs.span);
                 false
             }
-            (true, Some(ref op)) if !op.can_continue_expr_unambiguously() => false,
+            (true, Some(op)) if !op.can_continue_expr_unambiguously() => false,
             (true, Some(_)) => {
                 self.error_found_expr_would_be_stmt(lhs);
                 true
@@ -1728,7 +1728,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             || !self.restrictions.contains(Restrictions::NO_STRUCT_LITERAL)
         {
             let expr = self.parse_expr_opt()?;
-            if let Some(ref expr) = expr {
+            if let Some(expr) = &expr {
                 if label.is_some()
                     && matches!(
                         expr.kind,
@@ -2590,8 +2590,8 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         // Used to check the `let_chains` and `if_let_guard` features mostly by scanning
         // `&&` tokens.
         fn check_let_expr(expr: &Expr) -> (bool, bool) {
-            match expr.kind {
-                ExprKind::Binary(BinOp { node: BinOpKind::And, .. }, ref lhs, ref rhs) => {
+            match &expr.kind {
+                ExprKind::Binary(BinOp { node: BinOpKind::And, .. }, lhs, rhs) => {
                     let lhs_rslt = check_let_expr(lhs);
                     let rhs_rslt = check_let_expr(rhs);
                     (lhs_rslt.0 || rhs_rslt.0, false)
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/item.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/item.rs
index 20b01f554f2..db3072e4262 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/item.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/item.rs
@@ -1255,8 +1255,8 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             }
         };
 
-        match impl_info.1 {
-            ItemKind::Impl(box Impl { of_trait: Some(ref trai), ref mut constness, .. }) => {
+        match &mut impl_info.1 {
+            ItemKind::Impl(box Impl { of_trait: Some(trai), constness, .. }) => {
                 *constness = Const::Yes(const_span);
 
                 let before_trait = trai.path.span.shrink_to_lo();
@@ -2585,8 +2585,8 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
     }
 
     fn is_named_param(&self) -> bool {
-        let offset = match self.token.kind {
-            token::Interpolated(ref nt) => match **nt {
+        let offset = match &self.token.kind {
+            token::Interpolated(nt) => match **nt {
                 token::NtPat(..) => return self.look_ahead(1, |t| t == &token::Colon),
                 _ => 0,
             },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/mod.rs
index 8878c404c58..4d8bff28b05 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/mod.rs
@@ -384,8 +384,8 @@ enum TokenType {
 
 impl TokenType {
     fn to_string(&self) -> String {
-        match *self {
-            TokenType::Token(ref t) => format!("`{}`", pprust::token_kind_to_string(t)),
+        match self {
+            TokenType::Token(t) => format!("`{}`", pprust::token_kind_to_string(t)),
             TokenType::Keyword(kw) => format!("`{}`", kw),
             TokenType::Operator => "an operator".to_string(),
             TokenType::Lifetime => "lifetime".to_string(),
@@ -738,8 +738,8 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
 
     fn check_inline_const(&self, dist: usize) -> bool {
         self.is_keyword_ahead(dist, &[kw::Const])
-            && self.look_ahead(dist + 1, |t| match t.kind {
-                token::Interpolated(ref nt) => matches!(**nt, token::NtBlock(..)),
+            && self.look_ahead(dist + 1, |t| match &t.kind {
+                token::Interpolated(nt) => matches!(**nt, token::NtBlock(..)),
                 token::OpenDelim(Delimiter::Brace) => true,
                 _ => false,
             })
@@ -860,7 +860,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             if let token::CloseDelim(..) | token::Eof = self.token.kind {
                 break;
             }
-            if let Some(ref t) = sep.sep {
+            if let Some(t) = &sep.sep {
                 if first {
                     first = false;
                 } else {
@@ -895,7 +895,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
 
                                 _ => {
                                     // Attempt to keep parsing if it was a similar separator.
-                                    if let Some(ref tokens) = t.similar_tokens() {
+                                    if let Some(tokens) = t.similar_tokens() {
                                         if tokens.contains(&self.token.kind) && !unclosed_delims {
                                             self.bump();
                                         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/nonterminal.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/nonterminal.rs
index 103dd801257..239ed79ce2f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/nonterminal.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/nonterminal.rs
@@ -42,9 +42,9 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                 token::Comma | token::Ident(..) | token::Interpolated(..) => true,
                 _ => token.can_begin_type(),
             },
-            NonterminalKind::Block => match token.kind {
+            NonterminalKind::Block => match &token.kind {
                 token::OpenDelim(Delimiter::Brace) => true,
-                token::Interpolated(ref nt) => !matches!(
+                token::Interpolated(nt) => !matches!(
                     **nt,
                     token::NtItem(_)
                         | token::NtPat(_)
@@ -56,16 +56,16 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                 ),
                 _ => false,
             },
-            NonterminalKind::Path | NonterminalKind::Meta => match token.kind {
+            NonterminalKind::Path | NonterminalKind::Meta => match &token.kind {
                 token::ModSep | token::Ident(..) => true,
-                token::Interpolated(ref nt) => match **nt {
+                token::Interpolated(nt) => match **nt {
                     token::NtPath(_) | token::NtMeta(_) => true,
                     _ => may_be_ident(&nt),
                 },
                 _ => false,
             },
             NonterminalKind::PatParam { .. } | NonterminalKind::PatWithOr { .. } => {
-                match token.kind {
+                match &token.kind {
                 token::Ident(..) |                          // box, ref, mut, and other identifiers (can stricten)
                 token::OpenDelim(Delimiter::Parenthesis) |  // tuple pattern
                 token::OpenDelim(Delimiter::Bracket) |      // slice pattern
@@ -80,13 +80,13 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                 token::BinOp(token::Shl) => true,           // path (double UFCS)
                 // leading vert `|` or-pattern
                 token::BinOp(token::Or) =>  matches!(kind, NonterminalKind::PatWithOr {..}),
-                token::Interpolated(ref nt) => may_be_ident(nt),
+                token::Interpolated(nt) => may_be_ident(nt),
                 _ => false,
             }
             }
-            NonterminalKind::Lifetime => match token.kind {
+            NonterminalKind::Lifetime => match &token.kind {
                 token::Lifetime(_) => true,
-                token::Interpolated(ref nt) => {
+                token::Interpolated(nt) => {
                     matches!(**nt, token::NtLifetime(_))
                 }
                 _ => false,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/pat.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/pat.rs
index bf52febb107..cbeec951e2d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/pat.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/pat.rs
@@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         let mut rhs = self.parse_pat_no_top_alt(None)?;
         let sp = lhs.span.to(rhs.span);
 
-        if let PatKind::Ident(_, _, ref mut sub @ None) = rhs.kind {
+        if let PatKind::Ident(_, _, sub @ None) = &mut rhs.kind {
             // The user inverted the order, so help them fix that.
             let mut applicability = Applicability::MachineApplicable;
             // FIXME(bindings_after_at): Remove this code when stabilizing the feature.
@@ -595,7 +595,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         self.recover_additional_muts();
 
         // Make sure we don't allow e.g. `let mut $p;` where `$p:pat`.
-        if let token::Interpolated(ref nt) = self.token.kind {
+        if let token::Interpolated(nt) = &self.token.kind {
             if let token::NtPat(_) = **nt {
                 self.expected_ident_found().emit();
             }
@@ -796,7 +796,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
     /// expression syntax `...expr` for splatting in expressions.
     fn parse_pat_range_to(&mut self, mut re: Spanned<RangeEnd>) -> PResult<'a, PatKind> {
         let end = self.parse_pat_range_end()?;
-        if let RangeEnd::Included(ref mut syn @ RangeSyntax::DotDotDot) = &mut re.node {
+        if let RangeEnd::Included(syn @ RangeSyntax::DotDotDot) = &mut re.node {
             *syn = RangeSyntax::DotDotEq;
             self.struct_span_err(re.span, "range-to patterns with `...` are not allowed")
                 .span_suggestion_short(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/stmt.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/stmt.rs
index 73de86820d8..1b56cd72db0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/stmt.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/stmt.rs
@@ -563,9 +563,9 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         };
 
         let mut eat_semi = true;
-        match stmt.kind {
+        match &mut stmt.kind {
             // Expression without semicolon.
-            StmtKind::Expr(ref mut expr)
+            StmtKind::Expr(expr)
                 if self.token != token::Eof && classify::expr_requires_semi_to_be_stmt(expr) => {
                 // Just check for errors and recover; do not eat semicolon yet.
                 // `expect_one_of` returns PResult<'a, bool /* recovered */>
@@ -611,7 +611,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                 }
             }
             StmtKind::Expr(_) | StmtKind::MacCall(_) => {}
-            StmtKind::Local(ref mut local) if let Err(e) = self.expect_semi() => {
+            StmtKind::Local(local) if let Err(e) = self.expect_semi() => {
                 // We might be at the `,` in `let x = foo<bar, baz>;`. Try to recover.
                 match &mut local.kind {
                     LocalKind::Init(expr) | LocalKind::InitElse(expr, _) => {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs
index ef3d300020a..59d017545c0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs
@@ -4,13 +4,12 @@ pub mod suggestions;
 
 use super::{
     FulfillmentError, FulfillmentErrorCode, MismatchedProjectionTypes, Obligation, ObligationCause,
-    ObligationCauseCode, OutputTypeParameterMismatch, Overflow, PredicateObligation,
-    SelectionContext, SelectionError, TraitNotObjectSafe,
+    ObligationCauseCode, ObligationCtxt, OutputTypeParameterMismatch, Overflow,
+    PredicateObligation, SelectionContext, SelectionError, TraitNotObjectSafe,
 };
 use crate::infer::error_reporting::{TyCategory, TypeAnnotationNeeded as ErrorCode};
 use crate::infer::type_variable::{TypeVariableOrigin, TypeVariableOriginKind};
 use crate::infer::{self, InferCtxt, TyCtxtInferExt};
-use crate::traits::engine::TraitEngineExt as _;
 use crate::traits::query::evaluate_obligation::InferCtxtExt as _;
 use crate::traits::query::normalize::AtExt as _;
 use crate::traits::specialize::to_pretty_impl_header;
@@ -30,7 +29,6 @@ use rustc_hir::Item;
 use rustc_hir::Node;
 use rustc_infer::infer::error_reporting::TypeErrCtxt;
 use rustc_infer::infer::TypeTrace;
-use rustc_infer::traits::TraitEngine;
 use rustc_middle::traits::select::OverflowError;
 use rustc_middle::ty::abstract_const::NotConstEvaluatable;
 use rustc_middle::ty::error::ExpectedFound;
@@ -354,9 +352,9 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtExt<'tcx> for InferCtxt<'tcx> {
                     param_env,
                     ty.rebind(ty::TraitPredicate { trait_ref, constness, polarity }),
                 );
-                let mut fulfill_cx = <dyn TraitEngine<'tcx>>::new_in_snapshot(self.tcx);
-                fulfill_cx.register_predicate_obligation(self, obligation);
-                if fulfill_cx.select_all_or_error(self).is_empty() {
+                let ocx = ObligationCtxt::new_in_snapshot(self);
+                ocx.register_obligation(obligation);
+                if ocx.select_all_or_error().is_empty() {
                     return Ok((
                         ty::ClosureKind::from_def_id(self.tcx, trait_def_id)
                             .expect("expected to map DefId to ClosureKind"),
@@ -2546,7 +2544,10 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
             let obligation =
                 Obligation::new(self.tcx, ObligationCause::dummy(), param_env, cleaned_pred);
 
-            self.predicate_may_hold(&obligation)
+            // We don't use `InferCtxt::predicate_may_hold` because that
+            // will re-run predicates that overflow locally, which ends up
+            // taking a really long time to compute.
+            self.evaluate_obligation(&obligation).map_or(false, |eval| eval.may_apply())
         })
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/suggestions.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/suggestions.rs
index 186109e7075..bb6d7d0e8df 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/suggestions.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/suggestions.rs
@@ -1340,9 +1340,8 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                     obligation.param_env,
                     trait_pred_and_suggested_ty,
                 );
-                let suggested_ty_would_satisfy_obligation = self
-                    .evaluate_obligation_no_overflow(&new_obligation)
-                    .must_apply_modulo_regions();
+                let suggested_ty_would_satisfy_obligation =
+                    self.predicate_must_hold_modulo_regions(&new_obligation);
                 if suggested_ty_would_satisfy_obligation {
                     let sp = self
                         .tcx
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/mod.rs
index ff18aa1f9e9..548ca1c1d7f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/mod.rs
@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ use rustc_errors::ErrorGuaranteed;
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc_hir::lang_items::LangItem;
-use rustc_infer::traits::TraitEngineExt as _;
 use rustc_middle::ty::fold::TypeFoldable;
 use rustc_middle::ty::visit::TypeVisitable;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{
@@ -403,9 +402,7 @@ pub fn fully_solve_obligation<'tcx>(
     infcx: &InferCtxt<'tcx>,
     obligation: PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
 ) -> Vec<FulfillmentError<'tcx>> {
-    let mut engine = <dyn TraitEngine<'tcx>>::new(infcx.tcx);
-    engine.register_predicate_obligation(infcx, obligation);
-    engine.select_all_or_error(infcx)
+    fully_solve_obligations(infcx, [obligation])
 }
 
 /// Process a set of obligations (and any nested obligations that come from them)
@@ -414,9 +411,9 @@ pub fn fully_solve_obligations<'tcx>(
     infcx: &InferCtxt<'tcx>,
     obligations: impl IntoIterator<Item = PredicateObligation<'tcx>>,
 ) -> Vec<FulfillmentError<'tcx>> {
-    let mut engine = <dyn TraitEngine<'tcx>>::new(infcx.tcx);
-    engine.register_predicate_obligations(infcx, obligations);
-    engine.select_all_or_error(infcx)
+    let ocx = ObligationCtxt::new(infcx);
+    ocx.register_obligations(obligations);
+    ocx.select_all_or_error()
 }
 
 /// Process a bound (and any nested obligations that come from it) to completion.
@@ -429,9 +426,16 @@ pub fn fully_solve_bound<'tcx>(
     ty: Ty<'tcx>,
     bound: DefId,
 ) -> Vec<FulfillmentError<'tcx>> {
-    let mut engine = <dyn TraitEngine<'tcx>>::new(infcx.tcx);
-    engine.register_bound(infcx, param_env, ty, bound, cause);
-    engine.select_all_or_error(infcx)
+    let tcx = infcx.tcx;
+    let trait_ref = ty::TraitRef { def_id: bound, substs: tcx.mk_substs_trait(ty, []) };
+    let obligation = Obligation {
+        cause,
+        recursion_depth: 0,
+        param_env,
+        predicate: ty::Binder::dummy(trait_ref).without_const().to_predicate(tcx),
+    };
+
+    fully_solve_obligation(infcx, obligation)
 }
 
 /// Normalizes the predicates and checks whether they hold in an empty environment. If this
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/specialize/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/specialize/mod.rs
index 7cc12eff20e..9a3c0707c7c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/specialize/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/specialize/mod.rs
@@ -10,14 +10,14 @@
 //! [rustc dev guide]: https://rustc-dev-guide.rust-lang.org/traits/specialization.html
 
 pub mod specialization_graph;
-use rustc_infer::traits::{TraitEngine, TraitEngineExt as _};
 use specialization_graph::GraphExt;
 
 use crate::errors::NegativePositiveConflict;
 use crate::infer::{InferCtxt, InferOk, TyCtxtInferExt};
-use crate::traits::engine::TraitEngineExt as _;
 use crate::traits::select::IntercrateAmbiguityCause;
-use crate::traits::{self, coherence, FutureCompatOverlapErrorKind, ObligationCause};
+use crate::traits::{
+    self, coherence, FutureCompatOverlapErrorKind, ObligationCause, ObligationCtxt,
+};
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxIndexSet;
 use rustc_errors::{error_code, DelayDm, Diagnostic};
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefId, LocalDefId};
@@ -204,12 +204,12 @@ fn fulfill_implication<'tcx>(
 
     // Needs to be `in_snapshot` because this function is used to rebase
     // substitutions, which may happen inside of a select within a probe.
-    let mut engine = <dyn TraitEngine<'tcx>>::new_in_snapshot(infcx.tcx);
+    let ocx = ObligationCtxt::new_in_snapshot(infcx);
     // attempt to prove all of the predicates for impl2 given those for impl1
     // (which are packed up in penv)
-    engine.register_predicate_obligations(infcx, obligations.chain(more_obligations));
+    ocx.register_obligations(obligations.chain(more_obligations));
 
-    let errors = engine.select_all_or_error(infcx);
+    let errors = ocx.select_all_or_error();
     if !errors.is_empty() {
         // no dice!
         debug!(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/structural_match.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/structural_match.rs
index 932dbbb81e5..40dbe0b3ff0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/structural_match.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/structural_match.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 use crate::infer::{InferCtxt, TyCtxtInferExt};
-use crate::traits::ObligationCause;
-use crate::traits::{TraitEngine, TraitEngineExt};
+use crate::traits::{ObligationCause, ObligationCtxt};
 
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashSet;
 use rustc_hir as hir;
@@ -72,28 +71,16 @@ fn type_marked_structural<'tcx>(
     adt_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
     cause: ObligationCause<'tcx>,
 ) -> bool {
-    let mut fulfillment_cx = <dyn TraitEngine<'tcx>>::new(infcx.tcx);
+    let ocx = ObligationCtxt::new(infcx);
     // require `#[derive(PartialEq)]`
     let structural_peq_def_id =
         infcx.tcx.require_lang_item(LangItem::StructuralPeq, Some(cause.span));
-    fulfillment_cx.register_bound(
-        infcx,
-        ty::ParamEnv::empty(),
-        adt_ty,
-        structural_peq_def_id,
-        cause.clone(),
-    );
+    ocx.register_bound(cause.clone(), ty::ParamEnv::empty(), adt_ty, structural_peq_def_id);
     // for now, require `#[derive(Eq)]`. (Doing so is a hack to work around
     // the type `for<'a> fn(&'a ())` failing to implement `Eq` itself.)
     let structural_teq_def_id =
         infcx.tcx.require_lang_item(LangItem::StructuralTeq, Some(cause.span));
-    fulfillment_cx.register_bound(
-        infcx,
-        ty::ParamEnv::empty(),
-        adt_ty,
-        structural_teq_def_id,
-        cause,
-    );
+    ocx.register_bound(cause, ty::ParamEnv::empty(), adt_ty, structural_teq_def_id);
 
     // We deliberately skip *reporting* fulfillment errors (via
     // `report_fulfillment_errors`), for two reasons:
@@ -104,7 +91,7 @@ fn type_marked_structural<'tcx>(
     //
     // 2. We are sometimes doing future-incompatibility lints for
     //    now, so we do not want unconditional errors here.
-    fulfillment_cx.select_all_or_error(infcx).is_empty()
+    ocx.select_all_or_error().is_empty()
 }
 
 /// This implements the traversal over the structure of a given type to try to
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_traits/src/implied_outlives_bounds.rs b/compiler/rustc_traits/src/implied_outlives_bounds.rs
index 2d1a3869926..3ab353c9638 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_traits/src/implied_outlives_bounds.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_traits/src/implied_outlives_bounds.rs
@@ -5,16 +5,15 @@
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_infer::infer::canonical::{self, Canonical};
 use rustc_infer::infer::outlives::components::{push_outlives_components, Component};
-use rustc_infer::infer::{InferCtxt, TyCtxtInferExt};
+use rustc_infer::infer::TyCtxtInferExt;
 use rustc_infer::traits::query::OutlivesBound;
-use rustc_infer::traits::TraitEngineExt as _;
 use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeVisitable};
 use rustc_span::source_map::DUMMY_SP;
 use rustc_trait_selection::infer::InferCtxtBuilderExt;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::query::{CanonicalTyGoal, Fallible, NoSolution};
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::wf;
-use rustc_trait_selection::traits::{TraitEngine, TraitEngineExt};
+use rustc_trait_selection::traits::ObligationCtxt;
 use smallvec::{smallvec, SmallVec};
 
 pub(crate) fn provide(p: &mut Providers) {
@@ -30,16 +29,16 @@ fn implied_outlives_bounds<'tcx>(
 > {
     tcx.infer_ctxt().enter_canonical_trait_query(&goal, |ocx, key| {
         let (param_env, ty) = key.into_parts();
-        compute_implied_outlives_bounds(&ocx.infcx, param_env, ty)
+        compute_implied_outlives_bounds(ocx, param_env, ty)
     })
 }
 
 fn compute_implied_outlives_bounds<'tcx>(
-    infcx: &InferCtxt<'tcx>,
+    ocx: &ObligationCtxt<'_, 'tcx>,
     param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
     ty: Ty<'tcx>,
 ) -> Fallible<Vec<OutlivesBound<'tcx>>> {
-    let tcx = infcx.tcx;
+    let tcx = ocx.infcx.tcx;
 
     // Sometimes when we ask what it takes for T: WF, we get back that
     // U: WF is required; in that case, we push U onto this stack and
@@ -52,8 +51,6 @@ fn compute_implied_outlives_bounds<'tcx>(
     let mut outlives_bounds: Vec<ty::OutlivesPredicate<ty::GenericArg<'tcx>, ty::Region<'tcx>>> =
         vec![];
 
-    let mut fulfill_cx = <dyn TraitEngine<'tcx>>::new(tcx);
-
     while let Some(arg) = wf_args.pop() {
         if !checked_wf_args.insert(arg) {
             continue;
@@ -70,15 +67,15 @@ fn compute_implied_outlives_bounds<'tcx>(
         // FIXME(@lcnr): It's not really "always fine", having fewer implied
         // bounds can be backward incompatible, e.g. #101951 was caused by
         // us not dealing with inference vars in `TypeOutlives` predicates.
-        let obligations = wf::obligations(infcx, param_env, hir::CRATE_HIR_ID, 0, arg, DUMMY_SP)
-            .unwrap_or_default();
+        let obligations =
+            wf::obligations(ocx.infcx, param_env, hir::CRATE_HIR_ID, 0, arg, DUMMY_SP)
+                .unwrap_or_default();
 
         // While these predicates should all be implied by other parts of
         // the program, they are still relevant as they may constrain
         // inference variables, which is necessary to add the correct
         // implied bounds in some cases, mostly when dealing with projections.
-        fulfill_cx.register_predicate_obligations(
-            infcx,
+        ocx.register_obligations(
             obligations.iter().filter(|o| o.predicate.has_non_region_infer()).cloned(),
         );
 
@@ -116,9 +113,9 @@ fn compute_implied_outlives_bounds<'tcx>(
         }));
     }
 
-    // Ensure that those obligations that we had to solve
-    // get solved *here*.
-    match fulfill_cx.select_all_or_error(infcx).as_slice() {
+    // This call to `select_all_or_error` is necessary to constrain inference variables, which we
+    // use further down when computing the implied bounds.
+    match ocx.select_all_or_error().as_slice() {
         [] => (),
         _ => return Err(NoSolution),
     }
@@ -130,7 +127,7 @@ fn compute_implied_outlives_bounds<'tcx>(
         .flat_map(|ty::OutlivesPredicate(a, r_b)| match a.unpack() {
             ty::GenericArgKind::Lifetime(r_a) => vec![OutlivesBound::RegionSubRegion(r_b, r_a)],
             ty::GenericArgKind::Type(ty_a) => {
-                let ty_a = infcx.resolve_vars_if_possible(ty_a);
+                let ty_a = ocx.infcx.resolve_vars_if_possible(ty_a);
                 let mut components = smallvec![];
                 push_outlives_components(tcx, ty_a, &mut components);
                 implied_bounds_from_components(r_b, components)
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/builder.rs b/src/bootstrap/builder.rs
index 8d999302a6d..251431a15eb 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/builder.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/builder.rs
@@ -1094,7 +1094,13 @@ impl<'a> Builder<'a> {
             let my_out = match mode {
                 // This is the intended out directory for compiler documentation.
                 Mode::Rustc | Mode::ToolRustc => self.compiler_doc_out(target),
-                Mode::Std => out_dir.join(target.triple).join("doc"),
+                Mode::Std => {
+                    if self.config.cmd.json() {
+                        out_dir.join(target.triple).join("json-doc")
+                    } else {
+                        out_dir.join(target.triple).join("doc")
+                    }
+                }
                 _ => panic!("doc mode {:?} not expected", mode),
             };
             let rustdoc = self.rustdoc(compiler);
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/doc.rs b/src/bootstrap/doc.rs
index 3180a12c85b..571396eb835 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/doc.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/doc.rs
@@ -564,27 +564,22 @@ fn doc_std(
         );
     }
     let compiler = builder.compiler(stage, builder.config.build);
+
+    let target_doc_dir_name = if format == DocumentationFormat::JSON { "json-doc" } else { "doc" };
+    let target_dir =
+        builder.stage_out(compiler, Mode::Std).join(target.triple).join(target_doc_dir_name);
+
     // This is directory where the compiler will place the output of the command.
     // We will then copy the files from this directory into the final `out` directory, the specified
     // as a function parameter.
-    let out_dir = builder.stage_out(compiler, Mode::Std).join(target.triple).join("doc");
-    // `cargo` uses the same directory for both JSON docs and HTML docs.
-    // This could lead to cross-contamination when copying files into the specified `out` directory.
-    // For example:
-    // ```bash
-    // x doc std
-    // x doc std --json
-    // ```
-    // could lead to HTML docs being copied into the JSON docs output directory.
-    // To avoid this issue, we clean the doc folder before invoking `cargo`.
-    if out_dir.exists() {
-        builder.remove_dir(&out_dir);
-    }
+    let out_dir = target_dir.join(target.triple).join("doc");
 
     let run_cargo_rustdoc_for = |package: &str| {
         let mut cargo = builder.cargo(compiler, Mode::Std, SourceType::InTree, target, "rustdoc");
         compile::std_cargo(builder, target, compiler.stage, &mut cargo);
         cargo
+            .arg("--target-dir")
+            .arg(&*target_dir.to_string_lossy())
             .arg("-p")
             .arg(package)
             .arg("-Zskip-rustdoc-fingerprint")
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/html/static/css/rustdoc.css b/src/librustdoc/html/static/css/rustdoc.css
index d4e881ad832..63530b924c2 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/html/static/css/rustdoc.css
+++ b/src/librustdoc/html/static/css/rustdoc.css
@@ -701,6 +701,8 @@ a {
 }
 
 .small-section-header {
+	/* fields use <span> tags, but should get their own lines */
+	display: block;
 	position: relative;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/test/run-make/rustdoc-verify-output-files/Makefile b/src/test/run-make/rustdoc-verify-output-files/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bfabbbc6586
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/run-make/rustdoc-verify-output-files/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+include ../../run-make-fulldeps/tools.mk
+
+OUTPUT_DIR := "$(TMPDIR)/rustdoc"
+TMP_OUTPUT_DIR := "$(TMPDIR)/tmp-rustdoc"
+
+all:
+	# Generate html docs
+	$(RUSTDOC) src/lib.rs --crate-name foobar --crate-type lib --out-dir $(OUTPUT_DIR)
+
+	# Copy first output for to check if it's exactly same after second compilation
+	cp -R $(OUTPUT_DIR) $(TMP_OUTPUT_DIR)
+
+	# Generate html docs once again on same output
+	$(RUSTDOC) src/lib.rs --crate-name foobar --crate-type lib --out-dir $(OUTPUT_DIR)
+
+	# Check if everything exactly same
+	$(DIFF) -r -q $(OUTPUT_DIR) $(TMP_OUTPUT_DIR)
+
+	# Generate json doc on the same output
+	$(RUSTDOC) src/lib.rs --crate-name foobar --crate-type lib --out-dir $(OUTPUT_DIR) -Z unstable-options --output-format json
+
+	# Check if expected json file is generated
+	[ -e $(OUTPUT_DIR)/foobar.json ]
+
+	# TODO
+	# We should re-generate json doc once again and compare the diff with previously
+	# generated one. Because layout of json docs changes in each compilation, we can't
+	# do that currently.
+	#
+	# See https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/103785#issuecomment-1307425590 for details.
+
+	# remove generated json doc
+	rm $(OUTPUT_DIR)/foobar.json
+
+	# Check if json doc compilation broke any of the html files generated previously
+	$(DIFF) -r -q $(OUTPUT_DIR) $(TMP_OUTPUT_DIR)
diff --git a/src/test/run-make/rustdoc-verify-output-files/src/lib.rs b/src/test/run-make/rustdoc-verify-output-files/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5df7576133a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/run-make/rustdoc-verify-output-files/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+// nothing to see here
diff --git a/src/test/rustdoc-gui/src/test_docs/lib.rs b/src/test/rustdoc-gui/src/test_docs/lib.rs
index 8eea5ad01c0..dea154c9319 100644
--- a/src/test/rustdoc-gui/src/test_docs/lib.rs
+++ b/src/test/rustdoc-gui/src/test_docs/lib.rs
@@ -408,6 +408,11 @@ pub struct WithGenerics<T: TraitWithNoDocblocks, S = String, E = WhoLetTheDogOut
     p: P,
 }
 
+pub struct StructWithPublicUndocumentedFields {
+    pub first: u32,
+    pub second: u32,
+}
+
 pub const CONST: u8 = 0;
 
 pub trait TraitWithoutGenerics {
diff --git a/src/test/rustdoc-gui/struct-fields.goml b/src/test/rustdoc-gui/struct-fields.goml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3ec60b58cfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/rustdoc-gui/struct-fields.goml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+goto: "file://" + |DOC_PATH| + "/test_docs/struct.StructWithPublicUndocumentedFields.html"
+
+// Both fields must be on their own line. In other words, they have display: block.
+store-property: (first_top, "//*[@id='structfield.first']", "offsetTop")
+assert-property-false: ("//*[@id='structfield.second']", { "offsetTop": |first_top| })
diff --git a/src/test/ui/parser/issue-104620.rs b/src/test/ui/parser/issue-104620.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f49476c4408
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/ui/parser/issue-104620.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#![feature(rustc_attrs)]
+
+#![rustc_dummy=5z] //~ ERROR unexpected expression: `5z`
+fn main() {}
diff --git a/src/test/ui/parser/issue-104620.stderr b/src/test/ui/parser/issue-104620.stderr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d06a6b2554b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/ui/parser/issue-104620.stderr
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+error: unexpected expression: `5z`
+  --> $DIR/issue-104620.rs:3:16
+   |
+LL | #![rustc_dummy=5z]
+   |                ^^
+
+error: aborting due to previous error
+
diff --git a/src/test/ui/traits/predicate_can_apply-hang.rs b/src/test/ui/traits/predicate_can_apply-hang.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5f01645da52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/ui/traits/predicate_can_apply-hang.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+fn f<B>(x: Vec<[[[B; 1]; 1]; 1]>) -> impl PartialEq<B> {
+    //~^ ERROR can't compare `Vec<[[[B; 1]; 1]; 1]>` with `B`
+    x
+}
+
+fn main() {}
diff --git a/src/test/ui/traits/predicate_can_apply-hang.stderr b/src/test/ui/traits/predicate_can_apply-hang.stderr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..49fe63b412a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/ui/traits/predicate_can_apply-hang.stderr
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+error[E0277]: can't compare `Vec<[[[B; 1]; 1]; 1]>` with `B`
+  --> $DIR/predicate_can_apply-hang.rs:1:38
+   |
+LL | fn f<B>(x: Vec<[[[B; 1]; 1]; 1]>) -> impl PartialEq<B> {
+   |                                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ no implementation for `Vec<[[[B; 1]; 1]; 1]> == B`
+LL |
+LL |     x
+   |     - return type was inferred to be `Vec<[[[B; 1]; 1]; 1]>` here
+   |
+   = help: the trait `PartialEq<B>` is not implemented for `Vec<[[[B; 1]; 1]; 1]>`
+   = help: the following other types implement trait `PartialEq<Rhs>`:
+             <Vec<T, A1> as PartialEq<Vec<U, A2>>>
+             <Vec<T, A> as PartialEq<&[U; N]>>
+             <Vec<T, A> as PartialEq<&[U]>>
+             <Vec<T, A> as PartialEq<&mut [U]>>
+             <Vec<T, A> as PartialEq<[U; N]>>
+             <Vec<T, A> as PartialEq<[U]>>
+
+error: aborting due to previous error
+
+For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0277`.
diff --git a/src/test/ui/typeck/hang-in-overflow.rs b/src/test/ui/typeck/hang-in-overflow.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a8330c9b65c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/ui/typeck/hang-in-overflow.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// normalize-stderr-test "the requirement `.*`" -> "the requirement `...`"
+// normalize-stderr-test "required for `.*` to implement `.*`" -> "required for `...` to implement `...`"
+// normalize-stderr-test: ".*the full type name has been written to.*\n" -> ""
+
+// Currently this fatally aborts instead of hanging.
+// Make sure at least that this doesn't turn into a hang.
+
+fn f() {
+    foo::<_>();
+    //~^ ERROR overflow evaluating the requirement
+}
+
+fn foo<B>()
+where
+    Vec<[[[B; 1]; 1]; 1]>: PartialEq<B>,
+{
+}
+
+fn main() {}
diff --git a/src/test/ui/typeck/hang-in-overflow.stderr b/src/test/ui/typeck/hang-in-overflow.stderr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7a7b85b19b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/ui/typeck/hang-in-overflow.stderr
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+error[E0275]: overflow evaluating the requirement `...`
+  --> $DIR/hang-in-overflow.rs:9:5
+   |
+LL |     foo::<_>();
+   |     ^^^^^^^^
+   |
+   = help: consider increasing the recursion limit by adding a `#![recursion_limit = "256"]` attribute to your crate (`hang_in_overflow`)
+   = note: required for `...` to implement `...`
+   = note: 127 redundant requirements hidden
+   = note: required for `...` to implement `...`
+note: required by a bound in `foo`
+  --> $DIR/hang-in-overflow.rs:15:28
+   |
+LL | fn foo<B>()
+   |    --- required by a bound in this
+LL | where
+LL |     Vec<[[[B; 1]; 1]; 1]>: PartialEq<B>,
+   |                            ^^^^^^^^^^^^ required by this bound in `foo`
+
+error: aborting due to previous error
+
+For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0275`.