Add `{ast,hir,thir}::PatKind::Missing` variants.

"Missing" patterns are possible in bare fn types (`fn f(u32)`) and
similar places. Currently these are represented in the AST with
`ast::PatKind::Ident` with no `by_ref`, no `mut`, an empty ident, and no
sub-pattern. This flows through to `{hir,thir}::PatKind::Binding` for
HIR and THIR.

This is a bit nasty. It's very non-obvious, and easy to forget to check
for the exceptional empty identifier case.

This commit adds a new variant, `PatKind::Missing`, to do it properly.

The process I followed:
- Add a `Missing` variant to `{ast,hir,thir}::PatKind`.
- Chang `parse_param_general` to produce `ast::PatKind::Missing`
  instead of `ast::PatKind::Missing`.
- Look through `kw::Empty` occurrences to find functions where an
  existing empty ident check needs replacing with a `PatKind::Missing`
  check: `print_param`, `check_trait_item`, `is_named_param`.
- Add a `PatKind::Missing => unreachable!(),` arm to every exhaustive
  match identified by the compiler.
- Find which arms are actually reachable by running the test suite,
  changing them to something appropriate, usually by looking at what
  would happen to a `PatKind::Ident`/`PatKind::Binding` with no ref, no
  `mut`, an empty ident, and no subpattern.

Quite a few of the `unreachable!()` arms were never reached. This makes
sense because `PatKind::Missing` can't happen in every pattern, only
in places like bare fn tys and trait fn decls.

I also tried an alternative approach: modifying `ast::Param::pat` to
hold an `Option<P<Pat>>` instead of a `P<Pat>`, but that quickly turned
into a very large and painful change. Adding `PatKind::Missing` is much
easier.

1 files changed, 3 insertions, 8 deletions

diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state.rs
index cdb18179449..f9e17fb0539 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state.rs
@@ -1622,9 +1622,9 @@ impl<'a> State<'a> {
     fn print_pat(&mut self, pat: &ast::Pat) {
         self.maybe_print_comment(pat.span.lo());
         self.ann.pre(self, AnnNode::Pat(pat));
-        /* Pat isn't normalized, but the beauty of it
-        is that it doesn't matter */
+        /* Pat isn't normalized, but the beauty of it is that it doesn't matter */
         match &pat.kind {
+            PatKind::Missing => unreachable!(),
             PatKind::Wild => self.word("_"),
             PatKind::Never => self.word("!"),
             PatKind::Ident(BindingMode(by_ref, mutbl), ident, sub) => {
@@ -1946,12 +1946,7 @@ impl<'a> State<'a> {
                 if let Some(eself) = input.to_self() {
                     self.print_explicit_self(&eself);
                 } else {
-                    let invalid = if let PatKind::Ident(_, ident, _) = input.pat.kind {
-                        ident.name == kw::Empty
-                    } else {
-                        false
-                    };
-                    if !invalid {
+                    if !matches!(input.pat.kind, PatKind::Missing) {
                         self.print_pat(&input.pat);
                         self.word(":");
                         self.space();