rustc: Fill out remaining parts of C-unwind ABI

This commit intends to fill out some of the remaining pieces of the
C-unwind ABI. This has a number of other changes with it though to move
this design space forward a bit. Notably contained within here is:

* On `panic=unwind`, the `extern "C"` ABI is now considered as "may
  unwind". This fixes a longstanding soundness issue where if you
  `panic!()` in an `extern "C"` function defined in Rust that's actually
  UB because the LLVM representation for the function has the `nounwind`
  attribute, but then you unwind.

* Whether or not a function unwinds now mainly considers the ABI of the
  function instead of first checking the panic strategy. This fixes a
  miscompile of `extern "C-unwind"` with `panic=abort` because that ABI
  can still unwind.

* The aborting stub for non-unwinding ABIs with `panic=unwind` has been
  reimplemented. Previously this was done as a small tweak during MIR
  generation, but this has been moved to a separate and dedicated MIR
  pass. This new pass will, for appropriate functions and function
  calls, insert a `cleanup` landing pad for any function call that may
  unwind within a function that is itself not allowed to unwind. Note
  that this subtly changes some behavior from before where previously on
  an unwind which was caught-to-abort it would run active destructors in
  the function, and now it simply immediately aborts the process.

* The `#[unwind]` attribute has been removed and all users in tests and
  such are now using `C-unwind` and `#![feature(c_unwind)]`.

I think this is largely the last piece of the RFC to implement.
Unfortunately I believe this is still not stabilizable as-is because
activating the feature gate changes the behavior of the existing `extern
"C"` ABI in a way that has no replacement. My thinking for how to enable
this is that we add support for the `C-unwind` ABI on stable Rust first,
and then after it hits stable we change the behavior of the `C` ABI.
That way anyone straddling stable/beta/nightly can switch to `C-unwind`
safely.

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