Rollup merge of #89829 - voidc:assoc-const-variance, r=lcnr

Consider types appearing in const expressions to be invariant

This is an approach to fix #80977.
Currently, a type parameter which is only used in a constant expression is considered bivariant and will trigger error E0392 *"parameter T is never used"*.
Here is a short example:

```rust
pub trait Foo {
    const N: usize;
}

struct Bar<T: Foo>([u8; T::N])
where [(); T::N]:;
```
([playgound](https://play.rust-lang.org/?version=nightly&mode=debug&edition=2015&gist=b51a272853f75925e72efc1597478aa5))

While it is possible to silence this error by adding a `PhantomData<T>` field, I think the better solution would be to make `T` invariant.
This would be analogous to the invariance constraints added for associated types.
However, I'm quite new to the compiler and unsure whether this is the right approach.

r? ``@varkor`` (since you authored #60058)

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