Rollup merge of #113247 - mirkootter:test-wasm-exceptions-nostd, r=Mark-Simulacrum

Add Tests for native wasm exceptions

### Motivation
In PR #111322, I added support for native WASM exceptions. I was asked by ``@davidtwco`` to add some tests for it in a follow up PR, which seems like a very good idea.

This PR adds three tests for this feature:
* codegen: ensure the correct LLVM instructions are used
* assembly: ensure the correct WASM instructions are used
* run-make: ensure the exception handling works; the WASM code is run using a small nodejs script which demonstrates the exception handling

### Complications
There are a few changes beside adding the tests, which were necessary
* Tests for the wasm32-unknown-unknown target are (as far as I know) only run on `test-various`. Its docker image uses nodejs-15, which is very old. Experimental support for wasm-exceptions was added in nodejs16. In nodejs 18.12 (LTS), they are stable.
  - --> increase nodejs to 18.12 in `test-various`
* codegen/assembly tests are not performed for the wasm32-unknown-unknown target yet
  - --> add those to `test-various` as well

Due to the last point, some tests are run which have not run before (assembly+codegen tests for wasm32-unknown-unknown). I added `// ignore wasm32-bare` for those which failed

### Local testing
I run all tests locally using both `test-various` and `wasm32`. As far as I know, none of the other systems run any test for wasm32 targets.

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