Rollup merge of #144922 - Kobzol:derive-from, r=nnethercote

Implement `#[derive(From)]`

Implements the `#[derive(From)]` feature ([tracking issue](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/144889), [RFC](https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/3809)).

It allows deriving the `From` impl on structs and tuple structs with exactly one field. Some implementation notes:
- I wasn't exactly sure which spans to use in the derive generating code, so I just used `span` everywhere. I don't know if it's the Right Thing To Do. In particular the errors when `#[derive(From)]` is used on a struct with an unsized field are weirdly duplicated.
- I had to solve an import stability problem, where if I just added the unstable `macro From` to `core::convert`, previously working code like `use std::convert::From` would suddenly require an unstable feature gate, because rustc would think that you're trying to import the unstable macro. `@petrochenkov` suggested that I add the macro the the core prelude instead. This has worked well, although it only works in edition 2021+. Not sure if I botched the prelude somehow and it should live elsewhere (?).
- I had to add `Ty::AstTy`, because the `from` function receives an argument with the type of the single field, and the existing variants of the `Ty` enum couldn't represent an arbitrary type.

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