Merge pull request #2347 from rust-lang/rustc-pull

Rustc pull update

11 files changed, 244 insertions, 223 deletions

diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/attr_wrapper.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/attr_wrapper.rs
index cff998fa137..f1bd6a22730 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/attr_wrapper.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/attr_wrapper.rs
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ impl ToAttrTokenStream for LazyAttrTokenStreamImpl {
         // produce an empty `TokenStream` if no calls were made, and omit the
         // final token otherwise.
         let mut cursor_snapshot = self.cursor_snapshot.clone();
-        let tokens = iter::once(FlatToken::Token(self.start_token.clone()))
+        let tokens = iter::once(FlatToken::Token(self.start_token))
             .chain(iter::repeat_with(|| FlatToken::Token(cursor_snapshot.next())))
             .take(self.num_calls as usize);
 
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ impl ToAttrTokenStream for LazyAttrTokenStreamImpl {
 impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
     pub(super) fn collect_pos(&self) -> CollectPos {
         CollectPos {
-            start_token: (self.token.clone(), self.token_spacing),
+            start_token: (self.token, self.token_spacing),
             cursor_snapshot: self.token_cursor.clone(),
             start_pos: self.num_bump_calls,
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/diagnostics.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/diagnostics.rs
index ef044fe9d63..7c8e0146c3d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/diagnostics.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/diagnostics.rs
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         let mut recovered_ident = None;
         // we take this here so that the correct original token is retained in
         // the diagnostic, regardless of eager recovery.
-        let bad_token = self.token.clone();
+        let bad_token = self.token;
 
         // suggest prepending a keyword in identifier position with `r#`
         let suggest_raw = if let Some((ident, IdentIsRaw::No)) = self.token.ident()
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             // if the previous token is a valid keyword
             // that might use a generic, then suggest a correct
             // generic placement (later on)
-            let maybe_keyword = self.prev_token.clone();
+            let maybe_keyword = self.prev_token;
             if valid_prev_keywords.into_iter().any(|x| maybe_keyword.is_keyword(x)) {
                 // if we have a valid keyword, attempt to parse generics
                 // also obtain the keywords symbol
@@ -530,7 +530,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                 //   let y = 42;
                 let guar = self.dcx().emit_err(ExpectedSemi {
                     span: self.token.span,
-                    token: self.token.clone(),
+                    token: self.token,
                     unexpected_token_label: None,
                     sugg: ExpectedSemiSugg::ChangeToSemi(self.token.span),
                 });
@@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                 let span = self.prev_token.span.shrink_to_hi();
                 let guar = self.dcx().emit_err(ExpectedSemi {
                     span,
-                    token: self.token.clone(),
+                    token: self.token,
                     unexpected_token_label: Some(self.token.span),
                     sugg: ExpectedSemiSugg::AddSemi(span),
                 });
@@ -609,6 +609,8 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         // FIXME: translation requires list formatting (for `expect`)
         let mut err = self.dcx().struct_span_err(self.token.span, msg_exp);
 
+        self.label_expected_raw_ref(&mut err);
+
         // Look for usages of '=>' where '>=' was probably intended
         if self.token == token::FatArrow
             && expected.iter().any(|tok| matches!(tok, TokenType::Operator | TokenType::Le))
@@ -750,6 +752,25 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         Err(err)
     }
 
+    /// Adds a label when `&raw EXPR` was written instead of `&raw const EXPR`/`&raw mut EXPR`.
+    ///
+    /// Given that not all parser diagnostics flow through `expected_one_of_not_found`, this
+    /// label may need added to other diagnostics emission paths as needed.
+    pub(super) fn label_expected_raw_ref(&mut self, err: &mut Diag<'_>) {
+        if self.prev_token.is_keyword(kw::Raw)
+            && self.expected_token_types.contains(TokenType::KwMut)
+            && self.expected_token_types.contains(TokenType::KwConst)
+            && self.token.can_begin_expr()
+        {
+            err.span_suggestions(
+                self.prev_token.span.shrink_to_hi(),
+                "`&raw` must be followed by `const` or `mut` to be a raw reference expression",
+                [" const".to_string(), " mut".to_string()],
+                Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Checks if the current token or the previous token are misspelled keywords
     /// and adds a helpful suggestion.
     fn check_for_misspelled_kw(&self, err: &mut Diag<'_>, expected: &[TokenType]) {
@@ -801,7 +822,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         let span = self.prev_token.span.shrink_to_hi();
         let mut err = self.dcx().create_err(ExpectedSemi {
             span,
-            token: self.token.clone(),
+            token: self.token,
             unexpected_token_label: Some(self.token.span),
             sugg: ExpectedSemiSugg::AddSemi(span),
         });
@@ -1636,19 +1657,19 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
 
         self.bump(); // `+`
         let _bounds = self.parse_generic_bounds()?;
-        let sum_span = ty.span.to(self.prev_token.span);
-
         let sub = match &ty.kind {
             TyKind::Ref(_lifetime, mut_ty) => {
                 let lo = mut_ty.ty.span.shrink_to_lo();
                 let hi = self.prev_token.span.shrink_to_hi();
                 BadTypePlusSub::AddParen { suggestion: AddParen { lo, hi } }
             }
-            TyKind::Ptr(..) | TyKind::BareFn(..) => BadTypePlusSub::ForgotParen { span: sum_span },
-            _ => BadTypePlusSub::ExpectPath { span: sum_span },
+            TyKind::Ptr(..) | TyKind::BareFn(..) => {
+                BadTypePlusSub::ForgotParen { span: ty.span.to(self.prev_token.span) }
+            }
+            _ => BadTypePlusSub::ExpectPath { span: ty.span },
         };
 
-        self.dcx().emit_err(BadTypePlus { ty: pprust::ty_to_string(ty), span: sum_span, sub });
+        self.dcx().emit_err(BadTypePlus { span: ty.span, sub });
 
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -1922,10 +1943,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             && self.token == token::Colon
             && self.look_ahead(1, |next| line_idx(self.token.span) < line_idx(next.span))
         {
-            self.dcx().emit_err(ColonAsSemi {
-                span: self.token.span,
-                type_ascription: self.psess.unstable_features.is_nightly_build(),
-            });
+            self.dcx().emit_err(ColonAsSemi { span: self.token.span });
             self.bump();
             return true;
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/expr.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/expr.rs
index 9c457f150a3..df44b3cc23c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/expr.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/expr.rs
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
     fn error_found_expr_would_be_stmt(&self, lhs: &Expr) {
         self.dcx().emit_err(errors::FoundExprWouldBeStmt {
             span: self.token.span,
-            token: self.token.clone(),
+            token: self.token,
             suggestion: ExprParenthesesNeeded::surrounding(lhs.span),
         });
     }
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         cur_op_span: Span,
     ) -> PResult<'a, P<Expr>> {
         let rhs = if self.is_at_start_of_range_notation_rhs() {
-            let maybe_lt = self.token.clone();
+            let maybe_lt = self.token;
             let attrs = self.parse_outer_attributes()?;
             Some(
                 self.parse_expr_assoc_with(Bound::Excluded(prec), attrs)
@@ -611,7 +611,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
 
     /// Recover on `not expr` in favor of `!expr`.
     fn recover_not_expr(&mut self, lo: Span) -> PResult<'a, (Span, ExprKind)> {
-        let negated_token = self.look_ahead(1, |t| t.clone());
+        let negated_token = self.look_ahead(1, |t| *t);
 
         let sub_diag = if negated_token.is_numeric_lit() {
             errors::NotAsNegationOperatorSub::SuggestNotBitwise
@@ -637,9 +637,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
     /// Returns the span of expr if it was not interpolated, or the span of the interpolated token.
     fn interpolated_or_expr_span(&self, expr: &Expr) -> Span {
         match self.prev_token.kind {
-            TokenKind::NtIdent(..) | TokenKind::NtLifetime(..) | TokenKind::Interpolated(..) => {
-                self.prev_token.span
-            }
+            TokenKind::NtIdent(..) | TokenKind::NtLifetime(..) => self.prev_token.span,
             TokenKind::CloseDelim(Delimiter::Invisible(InvisibleOrigin::MetaVar(_))) => {
                 // `expr.span` is the interpolated span, because invisible open
                 // and close delims both get marked with the same span, one
@@ -829,6 +827,18 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         if let Some(lt) = lifetime {
             self.error_remove_borrow_lifetime(span, lt.ident.span.until(expr.span));
         }
+
+        // Add expected tokens if we parsed `&raw` as an expression.
+        // This will make sure we see "expected `const`, `mut`", and
+        // guides recovery in case we write `&raw expr`.
+        if borrow_kind == ast::BorrowKind::Ref
+            && mutbl == ast::Mutability::Not
+            && matches!(&expr.kind, ExprKind::Path(None, p) if p.is_ident(kw::Raw))
+        {
+            self.expected_token_types.insert(TokenType::KwMut);
+            self.expected_token_types.insert(TokenType::KwConst);
+        }
+
         Ok((span, ExprKind::AddrOf(borrow_kind, mutbl, expr)))
     }
 
@@ -1386,15 +1396,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         maybe_recover_from_interpolated_ty_qpath!(self, true);
 
         let span = self.token.span;
-        if let token::Interpolated(nt) = &self.token.kind {
-            match &**nt {
-                token::NtBlock(block) => {
-                    let block = block.clone();
-                    self.bump();
-                    return Ok(self.mk_expr(self.prev_token.span, ExprKind::Block(block, None)));
-                }
-            };
-        } else if let Some(expr) = self.eat_metavar_seq_with_matcher(
+        if let Some(expr) = self.eat_metavar_seq_with_matcher(
             |mv_kind| matches!(mv_kind, MetaVarKind::Expr { .. }),
             |this| {
                 // Force collection (as opposed to just `parse_expr`) is required to avoid the
@@ -1415,9 +1417,13 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             self.eat_metavar_seq(MetaVarKind::Literal, |this| this.parse_literal_maybe_minus())
         {
             return Ok(lit);
-        } else if let Some(path) = self.eat_metavar_seq(MetaVarKind::Path, |this| {
-            this.collect_tokens_no_attrs(|this| this.parse_path(PathStyle::Type))
-        }) {
+        } else if let Some(block) =
+            self.eat_metavar_seq(MetaVarKind::Block, |this| this.parse_block())
+        {
+            return Ok(self.mk_expr(span, ExprKind::Block(block, None)));
+        } else if let Some(path) =
+            self.eat_metavar_seq(MetaVarKind::Path, |this| this.parse_path(PathStyle::Type))
+        {
             return Ok(self.mk_expr(span, ExprKind::Path(None, path)));
         }
 
@@ -1612,7 +1618,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
     }
 
     fn parse_expr_path_start(&mut self) -> PResult<'a, P<Expr>> {
-        let maybe_eq_tok = self.prev_token.clone();
+        let maybe_eq_tok = self.prev_token;
         let (qself, path) = if self.eat_lt() {
             let lt_span = self.prev_token.span;
             let (qself, path) = self.parse_qpath(PathStyle::Expr).map_err(|mut err| {
@@ -1671,7 +1677,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         } else if self.eat_keyword(exp!(Loop)) {
             self.parse_expr_loop(label, lo)
         } else if self.check_noexpect(&token::OpenDelim(Delimiter::Brace))
-            || self.token.is_whole_block()
+            || self.token.is_metavar_block()
         {
             self.parse_expr_block(label, lo, BlockCheckMode::Default)
         } else if !ate_colon
@@ -2073,7 +2079,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         &mut self,
         mk_lit_char: impl FnOnce(Symbol, Span) -> L,
     ) -> PResult<'a, L> {
-        let token = self.token.clone();
+        let token = self.token;
         let err = |self_: &Self| {
             let msg = format!("unexpected token: {}", super::token_descr(&token));
             self_.dcx().struct_span_err(token.span, msg)
@@ -2166,10 +2172,15 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                 let expr = self
                     .eat_metavar_seq(mv_kind, |this| this.parse_expr())
                     .expect("metavar seq expr");
-                let ast::ExprKind::Lit(token_lit) = expr.kind else {
-                    panic!("didn't reparse an expr");
-                };
-                Some(token_lit)
+                if let ast::ExprKind::Lit(token_lit) = expr.kind {
+                    Some(token_lit)
+                } else if let ast::ExprKind::Unary(UnOp::Neg, inner) = &expr.kind
+                    && let ast::Expr { kind: ast::ExprKind::Lit(_), .. } = **inner
+                {
+                    None
+                } else {
+                    panic!("unexpected reparsed expr: {:?}", expr.kind);
+                }
             }
             _ => None,
         }
@@ -2349,7 +2360,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             }
         }
 
-        if self.token.is_whole_block() {
+        if self.token.is_metavar_block() {
             self.dcx().emit_err(errors::InvalidBlockMacroSegment {
                 span: self.token.span,
                 context: lo.to(self.token.span),
@@ -2374,7 +2385,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
     fn parse_expr_closure(&mut self) -> PResult<'a, P<Expr>> {
         let lo = self.token.span;
 
-        let before = self.prev_token.clone();
+        let before = self.prev_token;
         let binder = if self.check_keyword(exp!(For)) {
             let lo = self.token.span;
             let (lifetime_defs, _) = self.parse_late_bound_lifetime_defs()?;
@@ -2406,8 +2417,8 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             FnRetTy::Default(_) => {
                 let restrictions =
                     self.restrictions - Restrictions::STMT_EXPR - Restrictions::ALLOW_LET;
-                let prev = self.prev_token.clone();
-                let token = self.token.clone();
+                let prev = self.prev_token;
+                let token = self.token;
                 let attrs = self.parse_outer_attributes()?;
                 match self.parse_expr_res(restrictions, attrs) {
                     Ok((expr, _)) => expr,
@@ -2472,7 +2483,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         if self.may_recover()
             && self.token.can_begin_expr()
             && !matches!(self.token.kind, TokenKind::OpenDelim(Delimiter::Brace))
-            && !self.token.is_whole_block()
+            && !self.token.is_metavar_block()
         {
             let snapshot = self.create_snapshot_for_diagnostic();
             let restrictions =
@@ -2654,7 +2665,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             }
         } else {
             let attrs = self.parse_outer_attributes()?; // For recovery.
-            let maybe_fatarrow = self.token.clone();
+            let maybe_fatarrow = self.token;
             let block = if self.check(exp!(OpenBrace)) {
                 self.parse_block()?
             } else if let Some(block) = recover_block_from_condition(self) {
@@ -3519,7 +3530,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         self.token.is_keyword(kw::Do)
             && self.is_keyword_ahead(1, &[kw::Catch])
             && self
-                .look_ahead(2, |t| *t == token::OpenDelim(Delimiter::Brace) || t.is_whole_block())
+                .look_ahead(2, |t| *t == token::OpenDelim(Delimiter::Brace) || t.is_metavar_block())
             && !self.restrictions.contains(Restrictions::NO_STRUCT_LITERAL)
     }
 
@@ -3530,7 +3541,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
     fn is_try_block(&self) -> bool {
         self.token.is_keyword(kw::Try)
             && self
-                .look_ahead(1, |t| *t == token::OpenDelim(Delimiter::Brace) || t.is_whole_block())
+                .look_ahead(1, |t| *t == token::OpenDelim(Delimiter::Brace) || t.is_metavar_block())
             && self.token_uninterpolated_span().at_least_rust_2018()
     }
 
@@ -3564,12 +3575,12 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                 // `async move {`
                 self.is_keyword_ahead(lookahead + 1, &[kw::Move, kw::Use])
                     && self.look_ahead(lookahead + 2, |t| {
-                        *t == token::OpenDelim(Delimiter::Brace) || t.is_whole_block()
+                        *t == token::OpenDelim(Delimiter::Brace) || t.is_metavar_block()
                     })
             ) || (
                 // `async {`
                 self.look_ahead(lookahead + 1, |t| {
-                    *t == token::OpenDelim(Delimiter::Brace) || t.is_whole_block()
+                    *t == token::OpenDelim(Delimiter::Brace) || t.is_metavar_block()
                 })
             ))
     }
@@ -3862,7 +3873,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                 return Err(this.dcx().create_err(errors::ExpectedStructField {
                     span: this.look_ahead(1, |t| t.span),
                     ident_span: this.token.span,
-                    token: this.look_ahead(1, |t| t.clone()),
+                    token: this.look_ahead(1, |t| *t),
                 }));
             }
             let (ident, expr) = if is_shorthand {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/item.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/item.rs
index 9405b58ab3b..39a0291cb1e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/item.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/item.rs
@@ -602,21 +602,13 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         let polarity = self.parse_polarity();
 
         // Parse both types and traits as a type, then reinterpret if necessary.
-        let err_path = |span| ast::Path::from_ident(Ident::new(kw::Empty, span));
         let ty_first = if self.token.is_keyword(kw::For) && self.look_ahead(1, |t| t != &token::Lt)
         {
             let span = self.prev_token.span.between(self.token.span);
-            self.dcx().emit_err(errors::MissingTraitInTraitImpl {
+            return Err(self.dcx().create_err(errors::MissingTraitInTraitImpl {
                 span,
                 for_span: span.to(self.token.span),
-            });
-
-            P(Ty {
-                kind: TyKind::Path(None, err_path(span)),
-                span,
-                id: DUMMY_NODE_ID,
-                tokens: None,
-            })
+            }));
         } else {
             self.parse_ty_with_generics_recovery(&generics)?
         };
@@ -657,6 +649,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                     other => {
                         if let TyKind::ImplTrait(_, bounds) = other
                             && let [bound] = bounds.as_slice()
+                            && let GenericBound::Trait(poly_trait_ref) = bound
                         {
                             // Suggest removing extra `impl` keyword:
                             // `impl<T: Default> impl Default for Wrapper<T>`
@@ -666,12 +659,12 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                                 extra_impl_kw,
                                 impl_trait_span: ty_first.span,
                             });
+                            poly_trait_ref.trait_ref.path.clone()
                         } else {
-                            self.dcx().emit_err(errors::ExpectedTraitInTraitImplFoundType {
-                                span: ty_first.span,
-                            });
+                            return Err(self.dcx().create_err(
+                                errors::ExpectedTraitInTraitImplFoundType { span: ty_first.span },
+                            ));
                         }
-                        err_path(ty_first.span)
                     }
                 };
                 let trait_ref = TraitRef { path, ref_id: ty_first.id };
@@ -1739,8 +1732,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             self.expect_semi()?;
             body
         } else {
-            let err =
-                errors::UnexpectedTokenAfterStructName::new(self.token.span, self.token.clone());
+            let err = errors::UnexpectedTokenAfterStructName::new(self.token.span, self.token);
             return Err(self.dcx().create_err(err));
         };
 
@@ -2310,7 +2302,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             || self.token.is_keyword(kw::Union))
             && self.look_ahead(1, |t| t.is_ident())
         {
-            let kw_token = self.token.clone();
+            let kw_token = self.token;
             let kw_str = pprust::token_to_string(&kw_token);
             let item = self.parse_item(ForceCollect::No)?;
             let mut item = item.unwrap().span;
@@ -2543,7 +2535,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             self.expect_semi()?;
             *sig_hi = self.prev_token.span;
             (AttrVec::new(), None)
-        } else if self.check(exp!(OpenBrace)) || self.token.is_whole_block() {
+        } else if self.check(exp!(OpenBrace)) || self.token.is_metavar_block() {
             self.parse_block_common(self.token.span, BlockCheckMode::Default, None)
                 .map(|(attrs, body)| (attrs, Some(body)))?
         } else if self.token == token::Eq {
@@ -2987,9 +2979,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                 }
                 match ty {
                     Ok(ty) => {
-                        let ident = Ident::new(kw::Empty, this.prev_token.span);
-                        let bm = BindingMode::NONE;
-                        let pat = this.mk_pat_ident(ty.span, bm, ident);
+                        let pat = this.mk_pat(ty.span, PatKind::Missing);
                         (pat, ty)
                     }
                     // If this is a C-variadic argument and we hit an error, return the error.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/mod.rs
index 3b0861a9942..2221a261b4c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/mod.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ mod ty;
 
 use std::assert_matches::debug_assert_matches;
 use std::ops::Range;
-use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::{fmt, mem, slice};
 
 use attr_wrapper::{AttrWrapper, UsePreAttrPos};
@@ -24,8 +23,8 @@ pub use pat::{CommaRecoveryMode, RecoverColon, RecoverComma};
 use path::PathStyle;
 use rustc_ast::ptr::P;
 use rustc_ast::token::{
-    self, Delimiter, IdentIsRaw, InvisibleOrigin, MetaVarKind, Nonterminal, NtExprKind, NtPatKind,
-    Token, TokenKind,
+    self, Delimiter, IdentIsRaw, InvisibleOrigin, MetaVarKind, NtExprKind, NtPatKind, Token,
+    TokenKind,
 };
 use rustc_ast::tokenstream::{AttrsTarget, Spacing, TokenStream, TokenTree};
 use rustc_ast::util::case::Case;
@@ -98,21 +97,6 @@ pub enum ForceCollect {
     No,
 }
 
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! maybe_whole {
-    ($p:expr, $constructor:ident, |$x:ident| $e:expr) => {
-        #[allow(irrefutable_let_patterns)] // FIXME: temporary
-        if let token::Interpolated(nt) = &$p.token.kind
-            && let token::$constructor(x) = &**nt
-        {
-            #[allow(unused_mut)]
-            let mut $x = x.clone();
-            $p.bump();
-            return Ok($e);
-        }
-    };
-}
-
 /// If the next tokens are ill-formed `$ty::` recover them as `<$ty>::`.
 #[macro_export]
 macro_rules! maybe_recover_from_interpolated_ty_qpath {
@@ -342,12 +326,12 @@ impl TokenCursor {
             // below can be removed.
             if let Some(tree) = self.curr.curr() {
                 match tree {
-                    &TokenTree::Token(ref token, spacing) => {
+                    &TokenTree::Token(token, spacing) => {
                         debug_assert!(!matches!(
                             token.kind,
                             token::OpenDelim(_) | token::CloseDelim(_)
                         ));
-                        let res = (token.clone(), spacing);
+                        let res = (token, spacing);
                         self.curr.bump();
                         return res;
                     }
@@ -459,7 +443,6 @@ pub fn token_descr(token: &Token) -> String {
         (Some(TokenDescription::MetaVar(kind)), _) => format!("`{kind}` metavariable"),
         (None, TokenKind::NtIdent(..)) => format!("identifier `{s}`"),
         (None, TokenKind::NtLifetime(..)) => format!("lifetime `{s}`"),
-        (None, TokenKind::Interpolated(node)) => format!("{} `{s}`", node.descr()),
         (None, _) => format!("`{s}`"),
     }
 }
@@ -782,9 +765,16 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             // Recovery is disabled when parsing macro arguments, so it must
             // also be disabled when reparsing pasted macro arguments,
             // otherwise we get inconsistent results (e.g. #137874).
-            let res = self.with_recovery(Recovery::Forbidden, |this| {
-                f(this).expect("failed to reparse {mv_kind:?}")
-            });
+            let res = self.with_recovery(Recovery::Forbidden, |this| f(this));
+
+            let res = match res {
+                Ok(res) => res,
+                Err(err) => {
+                    // This can occur in unusual error cases, e.g. #139445.
+                    err.delay_as_bug();
+                    return None;
+                }
+            };
 
             if let token::CloseDelim(delim) = self.token.kind
                 && let Delimiter::Invisible(InvisibleOrigin::MetaVar(mv_kind)) = delim
@@ -793,7 +783,12 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                 self.bump();
                 Some(res)
             } else {
-                panic!("no close delim when reparsing {mv_kind:?}");
+                // This can occur when invalid syntax is passed to a decl macro. E.g. see #139248,
+                // where the reparse attempt of an invalid expr consumed the trailing invisible
+                // delimiter.
+                self.dcx()
+                    .span_delayed_bug(self.token.span, "no close delim with reparsing {mv_kind:?}");
+                None
             }
         } else {
             None
@@ -843,8 +838,10 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
     fn check_inline_const(&self, dist: usize) -> bool {
         self.is_keyword_ahead(dist, &[kw::Const])
             && self.look_ahead(dist + 1, |t| match &t.kind {
-                token::Interpolated(nt) => matches!(&**nt, token::NtBlock(..)),
                 token::OpenDelim(Delimiter::Brace) => true,
+                token::OpenDelim(Delimiter::Invisible(InvisibleOrigin::MetaVar(
+                    MetaVarKind::Block,
+                ))) => true,
                 _ => false,
             })
     }
@@ -1390,7 +1387,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         // Avoid const blocks and const closures to be parsed as const items
         if (self.check_const_closure() == is_closure)
             && !self
-                .look_ahead(1, |t| *t == token::OpenDelim(Delimiter::Brace) || t.is_whole_block())
+                .look_ahead(1, |t| *t == token::OpenDelim(Delimiter::Brace) || t.is_metavar_block())
             && self.eat_keyword_case(exp!(Const), case)
         {
             Const::Yes(self.prev_token_uninterpolated_span())
@@ -1520,7 +1517,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             _ => {
                 let prev_spacing = self.token_spacing;
                 self.bump();
-                TokenTree::Token(self.prev_token.clone(), prev_spacing)
+                TokenTree::Token(self.prev_token, prev_spacing)
             }
         }
     }
@@ -1706,7 +1703,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             dbg_fmt.field("prev_token", &self.prev_token);
             let mut tokens = vec![];
             for i in 0..lookahead {
-                let tok = self.look_ahead(i, |tok| tok.kind.clone());
+                let tok = self.look_ahead(i, |tok| tok.kind);
                 let is_eof = tok == TokenKind::Eof;
                 tokens.push(tok);
                 if is_eof {
@@ -1747,7 +1744,6 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
     pub fn token_uninterpolated_span(&self) -> Span {
         match &self.token.kind {
             token::NtIdent(ident, _) | token::NtLifetime(ident, _) => ident.span,
-            token::Interpolated(nt) => nt.use_span(),
             token::OpenDelim(Delimiter::Invisible(InvisibleOrigin::MetaVar(_))) => {
                 self.look_ahead(1, |t| t.span)
             }
@@ -1759,7 +1755,6 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
     pub fn prev_token_uninterpolated_span(&self) -> Span {
         match &self.prev_token.kind {
             token::NtIdent(ident, _) | token::NtLifetime(ident, _) => ident.span,
-            token::Interpolated(nt) => nt.use_span(),
             token::OpenDelim(Delimiter::Invisible(InvisibleOrigin::MetaVar(_))) => {
                 self.look_ahead(0, |t| t.span)
             }
@@ -1816,6 +1811,7 @@ pub enum ParseNtResult {
     Ident(Ident, IdentIsRaw),
     Lifetime(Ident, IdentIsRaw),
     Item(P<ast::Item>),
+    Block(P<ast::Block>),
     Stmt(P<ast::Stmt>),
     Pat(P<ast::Pat>, NtPatKind),
     Expr(P<ast::Expr>, NtExprKind),
@@ -1824,7 +1820,4 @@ pub enum ParseNtResult {
     Meta(P<ast::AttrItem>),
     Path(P<ast::Path>),
     Vis(P<ast::Visibility>),
-
-    /// This variant will eventually be removed, along with `Token::Interpolate`.
-    Nt(Arc<Nonterminal>),
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/nonterminal.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/nonterminal.rs
index b4e540d670d..b6e89cd7fa4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/nonterminal.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/nonterminal.rs
@@ -1,14 +1,7 @@
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
-use rustc_ast::HasTokens;
 use rustc_ast::ptr::P;
-use rustc_ast::token::Nonterminal::*;
 use rustc_ast::token::NtExprKind::*;
 use rustc_ast::token::NtPatKind::*;
-use rustc_ast::token::{
-    self, Delimiter, InvisibleOrigin, MetaVarKind, Nonterminal, NonterminalKind, Token,
-};
-use rustc_ast_pretty::pprust;
+use rustc_ast::token::{self, Delimiter, InvisibleOrigin, MetaVarKind, NonterminalKind, Token};
 use rustc_errors::PResult;
 use rustc_span::{Ident, kw};
 
@@ -45,13 +38,6 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             }
         }
 
-        /// Old variant of `may_be_ident`. Being phased out.
-        fn nt_may_be_ident(nt: &Nonterminal) -> bool {
-            match nt {
-                NtBlock(_) => false,
-            }
-        }
-
         match kind {
             // `expr_2021` and earlier
             NonterminalKind::Expr(Expr2021 { .. }) => {
@@ -83,16 +69,12 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                 | token::Ident(..)
                 | token::NtIdent(..)
                 | token::NtLifetime(..)
-                | token::Interpolated(_)
                 | token::OpenDelim(Delimiter::Invisible(InvisibleOrigin::MetaVar(_))) => true,
                 _ => token.can_begin_type(),
             },
             NonterminalKind::Block => match &token.kind {
                 token::OpenDelim(Delimiter::Brace) => true,
                 token::NtLifetime(..) => true,
-                token::Interpolated(nt) => match &**nt {
-                    NtBlock(_) => true,
-                },
                 token::OpenDelim(Delimiter::Invisible(InvisibleOrigin::MetaVar(k))) => match k {
                     MetaVarKind::Block
                     | MetaVarKind::Stmt
@@ -112,7 +94,6 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             },
             NonterminalKind::Path | NonterminalKind::Meta => match &token.kind {
                 token::PathSep | token::Ident(..) | token::NtIdent(..) => true,
-                token::Interpolated(nt) => nt_may_be_ident(nt),
                 token::OpenDelim(Delimiter::Invisible(InvisibleOrigin::MetaVar(kind))) => {
                     may_be_ident(*kind)
                 }
@@ -136,110 +117,85 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         // A `macro_rules!` invocation may pass a captured item/expr to a proc-macro,
         // which requires having captured tokens available. Since we cannot determine
         // in advance whether or not a proc-macro will be (transitively) invoked,
-        // we always capture tokens for any `Nonterminal` which needs them.
-        let mut nt = match kind {
+        // we always capture tokens for any nonterminal that needs them.
+        match kind {
             // Note that TT is treated differently to all the others.
-            NonterminalKind::TT => return Ok(ParseNtResult::Tt(self.parse_token_tree())),
+            NonterminalKind::TT => Ok(ParseNtResult::Tt(self.parse_token_tree())),
             NonterminalKind::Item => match self.parse_item(ForceCollect::Yes)? {
-                Some(item) => return Ok(ParseNtResult::Item(item)),
-                None => {
-                    return Err(self
-                        .dcx()
-                        .create_err(UnexpectedNonterminal::Item(self.token.span)));
-                }
+                Some(item) => Ok(ParseNtResult::Item(item)),
+                None => Err(self.dcx().create_err(UnexpectedNonterminal::Item(self.token.span))),
             },
             NonterminalKind::Block => {
                 // While a block *expression* may have attributes (e.g. `#[my_attr] { ... }`),
                 // the ':block' matcher does not support them
-                NtBlock(self.collect_tokens_no_attrs(|this| this.parse_block())?)
+                Ok(ParseNtResult::Block(self.collect_tokens_no_attrs(|this| this.parse_block())?))
             }
             NonterminalKind::Stmt => match self.parse_stmt(ForceCollect::Yes)? {
-                Some(stmt) => return Ok(ParseNtResult::Stmt(P(stmt))),
+                Some(stmt) => Ok(ParseNtResult::Stmt(P(stmt))),
                 None => {
-                    return Err(self
-                        .dcx()
-                        .create_err(UnexpectedNonterminal::Statement(self.token.span)));
+                    Err(self.dcx().create_err(UnexpectedNonterminal::Statement(self.token.span)))
                 }
             },
-            NonterminalKind::Pat(pat_kind) => {
-                return Ok(ParseNtResult::Pat(
-                    self.collect_tokens_no_attrs(|this| match pat_kind {
-                        PatParam { .. } => this.parse_pat_no_top_alt(None, None),
-                        PatWithOr => this.parse_pat_no_top_guard(
-                            None,
-                            RecoverComma::No,
-                            RecoverColon::No,
-                            CommaRecoveryMode::EitherTupleOrPipe,
-                        ),
-                    })?,
-                    pat_kind,
-                ));
-            }
+            NonterminalKind::Pat(pat_kind) => Ok(ParseNtResult::Pat(
+                self.collect_tokens_no_attrs(|this| match pat_kind {
+                    PatParam { .. } => this.parse_pat_no_top_alt(None, None),
+                    PatWithOr => this.parse_pat_no_top_guard(
+                        None,
+                        RecoverComma::No,
+                        RecoverColon::No,
+                        CommaRecoveryMode::EitherTupleOrPipe,
+                    ),
+                })?,
+                pat_kind,
+            )),
             NonterminalKind::Expr(expr_kind) => {
-                return Ok(ParseNtResult::Expr(self.parse_expr_force_collect()?, expr_kind));
+                Ok(ParseNtResult::Expr(self.parse_expr_force_collect()?, expr_kind))
             }
             NonterminalKind::Literal => {
                 // The `:literal` matcher does not support attributes.
-                return Ok(ParseNtResult::Literal(
+                Ok(ParseNtResult::Literal(
                     self.collect_tokens_no_attrs(|this| this.parse_literal_maybe_minus())?,
-                ));
-            }
-            NonterminalKind::Ty => {
-                return Ok(ParseNtResult::Ty(
-                    self.collect_tokens_no_attrs(|this| this.parse_ty_no_question_mark_recover())?,
-                ));
+                ))
             }
-            // this could be handled like a token, since it is one
+            NonterminalKind::Ty => Ok(ParseNtResult::Ty(
+                self.collect_tokens_no_attrs(|this| this.parse_ty_no_question_mark_recover())?,
+            )),
+            // This could be handled like a token, since it is one.
             NonterminalKind::Ident => {
-                return if let Some((ident, is_raw)) = get_macro_ident(&self.token) {
+                if let Some((ident, is_raw)) = get_macro_ident(&self.token) {
                     self.bump();
                     Ok(ParseNtResult::Ident(ident, is_raw))
                 } else {
                     Err(self.dcx().create_err(UnexpectedNonterminal::Ident {
                         span: self.token.span,
-                        token: self.token.clone(),
+                        token: self.token,
                     }))
-                };
-            }
-            NonterminalKind::Path => {
-                return Ok(ParseNtResult::Path(P(
-                    self.collect_tokens_no_attrs(|this| this.parse_path(PathStyle::Type))?
-                )));
+                }
             }
+            NonterminalKind::Path => Ok(ParseNtResult::Path(P(
+                self.collect_tokens_no_attrs(|this| this.parse_path(PathStyle::Type))?
+            ))),
             NonterminalKind::Meta => {
-                return Ok(ParseNtResult::Meta(P(self.parse_attr_item(ForceCollect::Yes)?)));
+                Ok(ParseNtResult::Meta(P(self.parse_attr_item(ForceCollect::Yes)?)))
             }
             NonterminalKind::Vis => {
-                return Ok(ParseNtResult::Vis(P(self.collect_tokens_no_attrs(|this| {
-                    this.parse_visibility(FollowedByType::Yes)
-                })?)));
+                Ok(ParseNtResult::Vis(P(self
+                    .collect_tokens_no_attrs(|this| this.parse_visibility(FollowedByType::Yes))?)))
             }
             NonterminalKind::Lifetime => {
                 // We want to keep `'keyword` parsing, just like `keyword` is still
                 // an ident for nonterminal purposes.
-                return if let Some((ident, is_raw)) = self.token.lifetime() {
+                if let Some((ident, is_raw)) = self.token.lifetime() {
                     self.bump();
                     Ok(ParseNtResult::Lifetime(ident, is_raw))
                 } else {
                     Err(self.dcx().create_err(UnexpectedNonterminal::Lifetime {
                         span: self.token.span,
-                        token: self.token.clone(),
+                        token: self.token,
                     }))
-                };
+                }
             }
-        };
-
-        // If tokens are supported at all, they should be collected.
-        if matches!(nt.tokens_mut(), Some(None)) {
-            panic!(
-                "Missing tokens for nt {:?} at {:?}: {:?}",
-                nt,
-                nt.use_span(),
-                pprust::nonterminal_to_string(&nt)
-            );
         }
-
-        Ok(ParseNtResult::Nt(Arc::new(nt)))
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/pat.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/pat.rs
index 9612f71b2af..d5f469f9aa9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/pat.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/pat.rs
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                 self.dcx().emit_err(TrailingVertNotAllowed {
                     span: self.token.span,
                     start: lo,
-                    token: self.token.clone(),
+                    token: self.token,
                     note_double_vert: matches!(self.token.kind, token::OrOr),
                 });
                 self.bump();
@@ -1519,8 +1519,8 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                 etc = PatFieldsRest::Rest;
                 let mut etc_sp = self.token.span;
                 if first_etc_and_maybe_comma_span.is_none() {
-                    if let Some(comma_tok) = self
-                        .look_ahead(1, |t| if *t == token::Comma { Some(t.clone()) } else { None })
+                    if let Some(comma_tok) =
+                        self.look_ahead(1, |&t| if t == token::Comma { Some(t) } else { None })
                     {
                         let nw_span = self
                             .psess
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/path.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/path.rs
index 9c6830c3672..02883655662 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/path.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/path.rs
@@ -273,7 +273,6 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                         self.dcx().emit_err(PathSingleColon {
                             span: self.prev_token.span,
                             suggestion: self.prev_token.span.shrink_to_hi(),
-                            type_ascription: self.psess.unstable_features.is_nightly_build(),
                         });
                     }
                     continue;
@@ -348,7 +347,6 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                             err = self.dcx().create_err(PathSingleColon {
                                 span: self.token.span,
                                 suggestion: self.prev_token.span.shrink_to_hi(),
-                                type_ascription: self.psess.unstable_features.is_nightly_build(),
                             });
                         }
                         // Attempt to find places where a missing `>` might belong.
@@ -393,8 +391,8 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                 } else {
                     // `(T, U) -> R`
 
-                    let prev_token_before_parsing = self.prev_token.clone();
-                    let token_before_parsing = self.token.clone();
+                    let prev_token_before_parsing = self.prev_token;
+                    let token_before_parsing = self.token;
                     let mut snapshot = None;
                     if self.may_recover()
                         && prev_token_before_parsing == token::PathSep
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/stmt.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/stmt.rs
index 2cd09aa8959..0cc8b605018 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/stmt.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/stmt.rs
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ use super::{
     AttrWrapper, BlockMode, FnParseMode, ForceCollect, Parser, Restrictions, SemiColonMode,
     Trailing, UsePreAttrPos,
 };
-use crate::errors::MalformedLoopLabel;
-use crate::{errors, exp, maybe_whole};
+use crate::errors::{self, MalformedLoopLabel};
+use crate::exp;
 
 impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
     /// Parses a statement. This stops just before trailing semicolons on everything but items.
@@ -75,10 +75,11 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
 
         let stmt = if self.token.is_keyword(kw::Super) && self.is_keyword_ahead(1, &[kw::Let]) {
             self.collect_tokens(None, attrs, force_collect, |this, attrs| {
+                let super_span = this.token.span;
                 this.expect_keyword(exp!(Super))?;
-                this.psess.gated_spans.gate(sym::super_let, this.prev_token.span);
                 this.expect_keyword(exp!(Let))?;
-                let local = this.parse_local(attrs)?; // FIXME(mara): implement super let
+                this.psess.gated_spans.gate(sym::super_let, super_span);
+                let local = this.parse_local(Some(super_span), attrs)?;
                 let trailing = Trailing::from(capture_semi && this.token == token::Semi);
                 Ok((
                     this.mk_stmt(lo.to(this.prev_token.span), StmtKind::Let(local)),
@@ -89,7 +90,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         } else if self.token.is_keyword(kw::Let) {
             self.collect_tokens(None, attrs, force_collect, |this, attrs| {
                 this.expect_keyword(exp!(Let))?;
-                let local = this.parse_local(attrs)?;
+                let local = this.parse_local(None, attrs)?;
                 let trailing = Trailing::from(capture_semi && this.token == token::Semi);
                 Ok((
                     this.mk_stmt(lo.to(this.prev_token.span), StmtKind::Let(local)),
@@ -294,7 +295,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         force_collect: ForceCollect,
     ) -> PResult<'a, Stmt> {
         let stmt = self.collect_tokens(None, attrs, force_collect, |this, attrs| {
-            let local = this.parse_local(attrs)?;
+            let local = this.parse_local(None, attrs)?;
             // FIXME - maybe capture semicolon in recovery?
             Ok((
                 this.mk_stmt(lo.to(this.prev_token.span), StmtKind::Let(local)),
@@ -308,8 +309,8 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
     }
 
     /// Parses a local variable declaration.
-    fn parse_local(&mut self, attrs: AttrVec) -> PResult<'a, P<Local>> {
-        let lo = self.prev_token.span;
+    fn parse_local(&mut self, super_: Option<Span>, attrs: AttrVec) -> PResult<'a, P<Local>> {
+        let lo = super_.unwrap_or(self.prev_token.span);
 
         if self.token.is_keyword(kw::Const) && self.look_ahead(1, |t| t.is_ident()) {
             self.dcx().emit_err(errors::ConstLetMutuallyExclusive { span: lo.to(self.token.span) });
@@ -411,6 +412,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         };
         let hi = if self.token == token::Semi { self.token.span } else { self.prev_token.span };
         Ok(P(ast::Local {
+            super_,
             ty,
             pat,
             kind,
@@ -516,7 +518,11 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         let prev = self.prev_token.span;
         let sp = self.token.span;
         let mut e = self.dcx().struct_span_err(sp, msg);
-        let do_not_suggest_help = self.token.is_keyword(kw::In) || self.token == token::Colon;
+        self.label_expected_raw_ref(&mut e);
+
+        let do_not_suggest_help = self.token.is_keyword(kw::In)
+            || self.token == token::Colon
+            || self.prev_token.is_keyword(kw::Raw);
 
         // Check to see if the user has written something like
         //
@@ -694,9 +700,11 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         blk_mode: BlockCheckMode,
         loop_header: Option<Span>,
     ) -> PResult<'a, (AttrVec, P<Block>)> {
-        maybe_whole!(self, NtBlock, |block| (AttrVec::new(), block));
+        if let Some(block) = self.eat_metavar_seq(MetaVarKind::Block, |this| this.parse_block()) {
+            return Ok((AttrVec::new(), block));
+        }
 
-        let maybe_ident = self.prev_token.clone();
+        let maybe_ident = self.prev_token;
         self.maybe_recover_unexpected_block_label(loop_header);
         if !self.eat(exp!(OpenBrace)) {
             return self.error_block_no_opening_brace();
@@ -763,10 +771,6 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                                     Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
                                 );
                             }
-                            if self.psess.unstable_features.is_nightly_build() {
-                                // FIXME(Nilstrieb): Remove this again after a few months.
-                                err.note("type ascription syntax has been removed, see issue #101728 <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/101728>");
-                            }
                         }
                     }
 
@@ -909,7 +913,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                                 {
                                     if self.token == token::Colon
                                         && self.look_ahead(1, |token| {
-                                            token.is_whole_block()
+                                            token.is_metavar_block()
                                                 || matches!(
                                                     token.kind,
                                                     token::Ident(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/tests.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/tests.rs
index 49ae6cb9b72..2f958f4d492 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/tests.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/tests.rs
@@ -2554,7 +2554,7 @@ fn look(p: &Parser<'_>, dist: usize, kind: rustc_ast::token::TokenKind) {
     // Do the `assert_eq` outside the closure so that `track_caller` works.
     // (`#![feature(closure_track_caller)]` + `#[track_caller]` on the closure
     // doesn't give the line number in the test below if the assertion fails.)
-    let tok = p.look_ahead(dist, |tok| tok.clone());
+    let tok = p.look_ahead(dist, |tok| *tok);
     assert_eq!(kind, tok.kind);
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/ty.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/ty.rs
index 93705da22c4..42ebf26784d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/ty.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/ty.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use rustc_ast::{
     Pinnedness, PolyTraitRef, PreciseCapturingArg, TraitBoundModifiers, TraitObjectSyntax, Ty,
     TyKind, UnsafeBinderTy,
 };
-use rustc_errors::{Applicability, PResult};
+use rustc_errors::{Applicability, Diag, PResult};
 use rustc_span::{ErrorGuaranteed, Ident, Span, kw, sym};
 use thin_vec::{ThinVec, thin_vec};
 
@@ -411,6 +411,9 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                 TyKind::Path(None, path) if maybe_bounds => {
                     self.parse_remaining_bounds_path(ThinVec::new(), path, lo, true)
                 }
+                // For `('a) + …`, we know that `'a` in type position already lead to an error being
+                // emitted. To reduce output, let's indirectly suppress E0178 (bad `+` in type) and
+                // other irrelevant consequential errors.
                 TyKind::TraitObject(bounds, TraitObjectSyntax::None)
                     if maybe_bounds && bounds.len() == 1 && !trailing_plus =>
                 {
@@ -425,12 +428,60 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
     }
 
     fn parse_bare_trait_object(&mut self, lo: Span, allow_plus: AllowPlus) -> PResult<'a, TyKind> {
-        let lt_no_plus = self.check_lifetime() && !self.look_ahead(1, |t| t.is_like_plus());
-        let bounds = self.parse_generic_bounds_common(allow_plus)?;
-        if lt_no_plus {
-            self.dcx().emit_err(NeedPlusAfterTraitObjectLifetime { span: lo });
+        // A lifetime only begins a bare trait object type if it is followed by `+`!
+        if self.token.is_lifetime() && !self.look_ahead(1, |t| t.is_like_plus()) {
+            // In Rust 2021 and beyond, we assume that the user didn't intend to write a bare trait
+            // object type with a leading lifetime bound since that seems very unlikely given the
+            // fact that `dyn`-less trait objects are *semantically* invalid.
+            if self.psess.edition.at_least_rust_2021() {
+                let lt = self.expect_lifetime();
+                let mut err = self.dcx().struct_span_err(lo, "expected type, found lifetime");
+                err.span_label(lo, "expected type");
+                return Ok(match self.maybe_recover_ref_ty_no_leading_ampersand(lt, lo, err) {
+                    Ok(ref_ty) => ref_ty,
+                    Err(err) => TyKind::Err(err.emit()),
+                });
+            }
+
+            self.dcx().emit_err(NeedPlusAfterTraitObjectLifetime {
+                span: lo,
+                suggestion: lo.shrink_to_hi(),
+            });
+        }
+        Ok(TyKind::TraitObject(
+            self.parse_generic_bounds_common(allow_plus)?,
+            TraitObjectSyntax::None,
+        ))
+    }
+
+    fn maybe_recover_ref_ty_no_leading_ampersand<'cx>(
+        &mut self,
+        lt: Lifetime,
+        lo: Span,
+        mut err: Diag<'cx>,
+    ) -> Result<TyKind, Diag<'cx>> {
+        if !self.may_recover() {
+            return Err(err);
+        }
+        let snapshot = self.create_snapshot_for_diagnostic();
+        let mutbl = self.parse_mutability();
+        match self.parse_ty_no_plus() {
+            Ok(ty) => {
+                err.span_suggestion_verbose(
+                    lo.shrink_to_lo(),
+                    "you might have meant to write a reference type here",
+                    "&",
+                    Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
+                );
+                err.emit();
+                Ok(TyKind::Ref(Some(lt), MutTy { ty, mutbl }))
+            }
+            Err(diag) => {
+                diag.cancel();
+                self.restore_snapshot(snapshot);
+                Err(err)
+            }
         }
-        Ok(TyKind::TraitObject(bounds, TraitObjectSyntax::None))
     }
 
     fn parse_remaining_bounds_path(
@@ -547,7 +598,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
 
             // Recovery
             mutbl = Mutability::Mut;
-            let (dyn_tok, dyn_tok_sp) = (self.token.clone(), self.token_spacing);
+            let (dyn_tok, dyn_tok_sp) = (self.token, self.token_spacing);
             self.bump();
             self.bump_with((dyn_tok, dyn_tok_sp));
         }
@@ -886,7 +937,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
     /// ```
     fn parse_generic_bound(&mut self) -> PResult<'a, GenericBound> {
         let lo = self.token.span;
-        let leading_token = self.prev_token.clone();
+        let leading_token = self.prev_token;
         let has_parens = self.eat(exp!(OpenParen));
 
         let bound = if self.token.is_lifetime() {