Detect blocks that could be struct expr bodies

This approach lives exclusively in the parser, so struct expr bodies
that are syntactically correct on their own but are otherwise incorrect
will still emit confusing errors, like in the following case:

```rust
fn foo() -> Foo {
    bar: Vec::new()
}
```

```
error[E0425]: cannot find value `bar` in this scope
 --> src/file.rs:5:5
  |
5 |     bar: Vec::new()
  |     ^^^ expecting a type here because of type ascription

error[E0214]: parenthesized type parameters may only be used with a `Fn` trait
 --> src/file.rs:5:15
  |
5 |     bar: Vec::new()
  |               ^^^^^ only `Fn` traits may use parentheses

error[E0107]: wrong number of type arguments: expected 1, found 0
 --> src/file.rs:5:10
  |
5 |     bar: Vec::new()
  |          ^^^^^^^^^^ expected 1 type argument
  ```

If that field had a trailing comma, that would be a parse error and it
would trigger the new, more targetted, error:

```
error: struct literal body without path
 --> file.rs:4:17
  |
4 |   fn foo() -> Foo {
  |  _________________^
5 | |     bar: Vec::new(),
6 | | }
  | |_^
  |
help: you might have forgotten to add the struct literal inside the block
  |
4 | fn foo() -> Foo { Path {
5 |     bar: Vec::new(),
6 | } }
  |
```

Partially address last part of #34255.

4 files changed, 125 insertions, 15 deletions

diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/diagnostics.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/diagnostics.rs
index 9ab13db4b5f..1ea01d95a13 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/diagnostics.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/diagnostics.rs
@@ -5,8 +5,9 @@ use rustc_ast::ptr::P;
 use rustc_ast::token::{self, Lit, LitKind, TokenKind};
 use rustc_ast::util::parser::AssocOp;
 use rustc_ast::{
-    self as ast, AngleBracketedArgs, AttrVec, BinOpKind, BindingMode, BlockCheckMode, Expr,
-    ExprKind, Item, ItemKind, Mutability, Param, Pat, PatKind, PathSegment, QSelf, Ty, TyKind,
+    self as ast, AngleBracketedArgs, AttrVec, BinOpKind, BindingMode, Block, BlockCheckMode, Expr,
+    ExprKind, Item, ItemKind, Mutability, Param, Pat, PatKind, Path, PathSegment, QSelf, Ty,
+    TyKind,
 };
 use rustc_ast_pretty::pprust;
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashSet;
@@ -119,6 +120,28 @@ crate enum ConsumeClosingDelim {
     No,
 }
 
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+pub enum AttemptLocalParseRecovery {
+    Yes,
+    No,
+}
+
+impl AttemptLocalParseRecovery {
+    pub fn yes(&self) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            AttemptLocalParseRecovery::Yes => true,
+            AttemptLocalParseRecovery::No => false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn no(&self) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            AttemptLocalParseRecovery::Yes => false,
+            AttemptLocalParseRecovery::No => true,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
     pub(super) fn span_fatal_err<S: Into<MultiSpan>>(
         &self,
@@ -321,6 +344,66 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         }
     }
 
+    pub fn maybe_suggest_struct_literal(
+        &mut self,
+        lo: Span,
+        s: BlockCheckMode,
+    ) -> Option<PResult<'a, P<Block>>> {
+        if self.token.is_ident() && self.look_ahead(1, |t| t == &token::Colon) {
+            // We might be having a struct literal where people forgot to include the path:
+            // fn foo() -> Foo {
+            //     field: value,
+            // }
+            let mut snapshot = self.clone();
+            let path =
+                Path { segments: vec![], span: self.prev_token.span.shrink_to_lo(), tokens: None };
+            let struct_expr = snapshot.parse_struct_expr(path, AttrVec::new(), false);
+            let block_tail = self.parse_block_tail(lo, s, AttemptLocalParseRecovery::No);
+            return Some(match (struct_expr, block_tail) {
+                (Ok(expr), Err(mut err)) => {
+                    // We have encountered the following:
+                    // fn foo() -> Foo {
+                    //     field: value,
+                    // }
+                    // Suggest:
+                    // fn foo() -> Foo { Path {
+                    //     field: value,
+                    // } }
+                    err.delay_as_bug();
+                    self.struct_span_err(expr.span, "struct literal body without path")
+                        .multipart_suggestion(
+                            "you might have forgotten to add the struct literal inside the block",
+                            vec![
+                                (expr.span.shrink_to_lo(), "{ SomeStruct ".to_string()),
+                                (expr.span.shrink_to_hi(), " }".to_string()),
+                            ],
+                            Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
+                        )
+                        .emit();
+                    *self = snapshot;
+                    Ok(self.mk_block(
+                        vec![self.mk_stmt_err(expr.span)],
+                        s,
+                        lo.to(self.prev_token.span),
+                    ))
+                }
+                (Err(mut err), Ok(tail)) => {
+                    // We have a block tail that contains a somehow valid type ascription expr.
+                    err.cancel();
+                    Ok(tail)
+                }
+                (Err(mut snapshot_err), Err(err)) => {
+                    // We don't know what went wrong, emit the normal error.
+                    snapshot_err.cancel();
+                    self.consume_block(token::Brace, ConsumeClosingDelim::Yes);
+                    Err(err)
+                }
+                (Ok(_), Ok(tail)) => Ok(tail),
+            });
+        }
+        None
+    }
+
     pub fn maybe_annotate_with_ascription(
         &mut self,
         err: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/expr.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/expr.rs
index 69d13b5cf53..0eac04df3c9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/expr.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/expr.rs
@@ -2015,9 +2015,12 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
     ) -> Option<PResult<'a, P<Expr>>> {
         let struct_allowed = !self.restrictions.contains(Restrictions::NO_STRUCT_LITERAL);
         if struct_allowed || self.is_certainly_not_a_block() {
-            // This is a struct literal, but we don't can't accept them here.
-            let expr = self.parse_struct_expr(path.clone(), attrs.clone());
+            if let Err(err) = self.expect(&token::OpenDelim(token::Brace)) {
+                return Some(Err(err));
+            }
+            let expr = self.parse_struct_expr(path.clone(), attrs.clone(), true);
             if let (Ok(expr), false) = (&expr, struct_allowed) {
+                // This is a struct literal, but we don't can't accept them here.
                 self.error_struct_lit_not_allowed_here(path.span, expr.span);
             }
             return Some(expr);
@@ -2035,12 +2038,13 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             .emit();
     }
 
+    /// Precondition: already parsed the '{'.
     pub(super) fn parse_struct_expr(
         &mut self,
         pth: ast::Path,
         mut attrs: AttrVec,
+        recover: bool,
     ) -> PResult<'a, P<Expr>> {
-        self.bump();
         let mut fields = Vec::new();
         let mut base = None;
         let mut recover_async = false;
@@ -2059,10 +2063,11 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                 let exp_span = self.prev_token.span;
                 match self.parse_expr() {
                     Ok(e) => base = Some(e),
-                    Err(mut e) => {
+                    Err(mut e) if recover => {
                         e.emit();
                         self.recover_stmt();
                     }
+                    Err(e) => return Err(e),
                 }
                 self.recover_struct_comma_after_dotdot(exp_span);
                 break;
@@ -2114,6 +2119,9 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                             );
                         }
                     }
+                    if !recover {
+                        return Err(e);
+                    }
                     e.emit();
                     self.recover_stmt_(SemiColonMode::Comma, BlockMode::Ignore);
                     self.eat(&token::Comma);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/mod.rs
index 070fc140ec4..c1094681221 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/mod.rs
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ mod stmt;
 mod ty;
 
 use crate::lexer::UnmatchedBrace;
+pub use diagnostics::AttemptLocalParseRecovery;
 use diagnostics::Error;
 pub use path::PathStyle;
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/stmt.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/stmt.rs
index fd1c6b25aec..131ff1ae6b3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/stmt.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/stmt.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use super::attr::DEFAULT_INNER_ATTR_FORBIDDEN;
-use super::diagnostics::Error;
+use super::diagnostics::{AttemptLocalParseRecovery, Error};
 use super::expr::LhsExpr;
 use super::pat::GateOr;
 use super::path::PathStyle;
@@ -79,8 +79,8 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             return self.parse_stmt_mac(lo, attrs.into(), path);
         }
 
-        let expr = if self.check(&token::OpenDelim(token::Brace)) {
-            self.parse_struct_expr(path, AttrVec::new())?
+        let expr = if self.eat(&token::OpenDelim(token::Brace)) {
+            self.parse_struct_expr(path, AttrVec::new(), true)?
         } else {
             let hi = self.prev_token.span;
             self.mk_expr(lo.to(hi), ExprKind::Path(None, path), AttrVec::new())
@@ -321,25 +321,37 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             return self.error_block_no_opening_brace();
         }
 
-        Ok((self.parse_inner_attributes()?, self.parse_block_tail(lo, blk_mode)?))
+        let attrs = self.parse_inner_attributes()?;
+        let tail = if let Some(tail) = self.maybe_suggest_struct_literal(lo, blk_mode) {
+            tail?
+        } else {
+            self.parse_block_tail(lo, blk_mode, AttemptLocalParseRecovery::Yes)?
+        };
+        Ok((attrs, tail))
     }
 
     /// Parses the rest of a block expression or function body.
     /// Precondition: already parsed the '{'.
-    fn parse_block_tail(&mut self, lo: Span, s: BlockCheckMode) -> PResult<'a, P<Block>> {
+    crate fn parse_block_tail(
+        &mut self,
+        lo: Span,
+        s: BlockCheckMode,
+        recover: AttemptLocalParseRecovery,
+    ) -> PResult<'a, P<Block>> {
         let mut stmts = vec![];
         while !self.eat(&token::CloseDelim(token::Brace)) {
             if self.token == token::Eof {
                 break;
             }
-            let stmt = match self.parse_full_stmt() {
-                Err(mut err) => {
+            let stmt = match self.parse_full_stmt(recover) {
+                Err(mut err) if recover.yes() => {
                     self.maybe_annotate_with_ascription(&mut err, false);
                     err.emit();
                     self.recover_stmt_(SemiColonMode::Ignore, BlockMode::Ignore);
                     Some(self.mk_stmt_err(self.token.span))
                 }
                 Ok(stmt) => stmt,
+                Err(err) => return Err(err),
             };
             if let Some(stmt) = stmt {
                 stmts.push(stmt);
@@ -352,7 +364,10 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
     }
 
     /// Parses a statement, including the trailing semicolon.
-    pub fn parse_full_stmt(&mut self) -> PResult<'a, Option<Stmt>> {
+    pub fn parse_full_stmt(
+        &mut self,
+        recover: AttemptLocalParseRecovery,
+    ) -> PResult<'a, Option<Stmt>> {
         // Skip looking for a trailing semicolon when we have an interpolated statement.
         maybe_whole!(self, NtStmt, |x| Some(x));
 
@@ -391,6 +406,9 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                     if let Err(mut e) =
                         self.check_mistyped_turbofish_with_multiple_type_params(e, expr)
                     {
+                        if recover.no() {
+                            return Err(e);
+                        }
                         e.emit();
                         self.recover_stmt();
                     }
@@ -432,7 +450,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         Stmt { id: DUMMY_NODE_ID, kind, span, tokens: None }
     }
 
-    fn mk_stmt_err(&self, span: Span) -> Stmt {
+    pub(super) fn mk_stmt_err(&self, span: Span) -> Stmt {
         self.mk_stmt(span, StmtKind::Expr(self.mk_expr_err(span)))
     }