Auto merge of #111526 - Dylan-DPC:rollup-h75agro, r=Dylan-DPC

Rollup of 6 pull requests

Successful merges:

 - #110454 (Require impl Trait in associated types to appear in method signatures)
 - #111096 (Add support for `cfg(overflow_checks)`)
 - #111451 (Note user-facing types of coercion failure)
 - #111469 (Fix data race in llvm source code coverage)
 - #111494 (Encode `VariantIdx` so we can decode ADT variants in the right order)
 - #111499 (asm: loongarch64: Drop efiapi)

Failed merges:

r? `@ghost`
`@rustbot` modify labels: rollup

38 files changed, 458 insertions, 133 deletions

diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/item.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/item.rs
index 3d154a93fb2..08ee3761bac 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/item.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/item.rs
@@ -305,7 +305,10 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                             );
                             this.arena.alloc(this.ty(span, hir::TyKind::Err(guar)))
                         }
-                        Some(ty) => this.lower_ty(ty, &ImplTraitContext::TypeAliasesOpaqueTy),
+                        Some(ty) => this.lower_ty(
+                            ty,
+                            &ImplTraitContext::TypeAliasesOpaqueTy { in_assoc_ty: false },
+                        ),
                     },
                 );
                 hir::ItemKind::TyAlias(ty, generics)
@@ -852,7 +855,10 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                             hir::ImplItemKind::Type(ty)
                         }
                         Some(ty) => {
-                            let ty = this.lower_ty(ty, &ImplTraitContext::TypeAliasesOpaqueTy);
+                            let ty = this.lower_ty(
+                                ty,
+                                &ImplTraitContext::TypeAliasesOpaqueTy { in_assoc_ty: true },
+                            );
                             hir::ImplItemKind::Type(ty)
                         }
                     },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/lib.rs
index 1fd7cc66470..cd6614a54a4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/lib.rs
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ enum ImplTraitContext {
         in_trait: bool,
     },
     /// Impl trait in type aliases.
-    TypeAliasesOpaqueTy,
+    TypeAliasesOpaqueTy { in_assoc_ty: bool },
     /// `impl Trait` is unstably accepted in this position.
     FeatureGated(ImplTraitPosition, Symbol),
     /// `impl Trait` is not accepted in this position.
@@ -1407,14 +1407,15 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                             *in_trait,
                             itctx,
                         ),
-                    ImplTraitContext::TypeAliasesOpaqueTy => self.lower_opaque_impl_trait(
-                        span,
-                        hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias,
-                        *def_node_id,
-                        bounds,
-                        false,
-                        itctx,
-                    ),
+                    &ImplTraitContext::TypeAliasesOpaqueTy { in_assoc_ty } => self
+                        .lower_opaque_impl_trait(
+                            span,
+                            hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias { in_assoc_ty },
+                            *def_node_id,
+                            bounds,
+                            false,
+                            itctx,
+                        ),
                     ImplTraitContext::Universal => {
                         let span = t.span;
                         self.create_def(
@@ -1534,13 +1535,16 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
         // If this came from a TAIT (as opposed to a function that returns an RPIT), we only want
         // to capture the lifetimes that appear in the bounds. So visit the bounds to find out
         // exactly which ones those are.
-        let lifetimes_to_remap = if origin == hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias {
-            // in a TAIT like `type Foo<'a> = impl Foo<'a>`, we don't keep all the lifetime parameters
-            Vec::new()
-        } else {
-            // in fn return position, like the `fn test<'a>() -> impl Debug + 'a` example,
-            // we only keep the lifetimes that appear in the `impl Debug` itself:
-            lifetime_collector::lifetimes_in_bounds(&self.resolver, bounds)
+        let lifetimes_to_remap = match origin {
+            hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias { .. } => {
+                // in a TAIT like `type Foo<'a> = impl Foo<'a>`, we don't keep all the lifetime parameters
+                Vec::new()
+            }
+            hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::AsyncFn(..) | hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::FnReturn(..) => {
+                // in fn return position, like the `fn test<'a>() -> impl Debug + 'a` example,
+                // we only keep the lifetimes that appear in the `impl Debug` itself:
+                lifetime_collector::lifetimes_in_bounds(&self.resolver, bounds)
+            }
         };
         debug!(?lifetimes_to_remap);
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/region_infer/opaque_types.rs b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/region_infer/opaque_types.rs
index 4970ece5e7d..309f23d9226 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/region_infer/opaque_types.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/region_infer/opaque_types.rs
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtExt<'tcx> for InferCtxt<'tcx> {
 
         // Only check this for TAIT. RPIT already supports `tests/ui/impl-trait/nested-return-type2.rs`
         // on stable and we'd break that.
-        let OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias = origin else {
+        let OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias { .. } = origin else {
             return definition_ty;
         };
         let def_id = opaque_type_key.def_id;
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ fn check_opaque_type_parameter_valid(
         // which would error here on all of the `'static` args.
         OpaqueTyOrigin::FnReturn(..) | OpaqueTyOrigin::AsyncFn(..) => return Ok(()),
         // Check these
-        OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias => {}
+        OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias { .. } => {}
     }
     let opaque_generics = tcx.generics_of(opaque_type_key.def_id);
     let mut seen_params: FxIndexMap<_, Vec<_>> = FxIndexMap::default();
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_feature/src/active.rs b/compiler/rustc_feature/src/active.rs
index f4615445f8e..fe8c630666b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_feature/src/active.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_feature/src/active.rs
@@ -321,6 +321,8 @@ declare_features! (
     (active, c_unwind, "1.52.0", Some(74990), None),
     /// Allows using C-variadics.
     (active, c_variadic, "1.34.0", Some(44930), None),
+    /// Allows the use of `#[cfg(overflow_checks)` to check if integer overflow behaviour.
+    (active, cfg_overflow_checks, "CURRENT_RUSTC_VERSION", Some(111466), None),
     /// Allows the use of `#[cfg(sanitize = "option")]`; set when -Zsanitizer is used.
     (active, cfg_sanitize, "1.41.0", Some(39699), None),
     /// Allows `cfg(target_abi = "...")`.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_feature/src/builtin_attrs.rs b/compiler/rustc_feature/src/builtin_attrs.rs
index fe05d4590e7..61cfbf5c5e5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_feature/src/builtin_attrs.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_feature/src/builtin_attrs.rs
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ pub type GatedCfg = (Symbol, Symbol, GateFn);
 /// `cfg(...)`'s that are feature gated.
 const GATED_CFGS: &[GatedCfg] = &[
     // (name in cfg, feature, function to check if the feature is enabled)
+    (sym::overflow_checks, sym::cfg_overflow_checks, cfg_fn!(cfg_overflow_checks)),
     (sym::target_abi, sym::cfg_target_abi, cfg_fn!(cfg_target_abi)),
     (sym::target_thread_local, sym::cfg_target_thread_local, cfg_fn!(cfg_target_thread_local)),
     (
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir.rs
index 38cd5865cc3..932f0396282 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir.rs
@@ -2662,7 +2662,10 @@ pub enum OpaqueTyOrigin {
     /// `async fn`
     AsyncFn(LocalDefId),
     /// type aliases: `type Foo = impl Trait;`
-    TyAlias,
+    TyAlias {
+        /// associated types in impl blocks for traits.
+        in_assoc_ty: bool,
+    },
 }
 
 /// The various kinds of types recognized by the compiler.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/check.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/check.rs
index 5187e63f8e3..78ffe59679a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/check.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/check.rs
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ fn check_opaque_meets_bounds<'tcx>(
 ) {
     let defining_use_anchor = match *origin {
         hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::FnReturn(did) | hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::AsyncFn(did) => did,
-        hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias => def_id,
+        hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias { .. } => tcx.impl_trait_parent(def_id),
     };
     let param_env = tcx.param_env(defining_use_anchor);
 
@@ -455,10 +455,10 @@ fn check_opaque_meets_bounds<'tcx>(
         // They can only be referenced as `<Opaque<T> as Trait<&'static T>>::AssocTy`.
         // We don't have to check them here because their well-formedness follows from the WF of
         // the projection input types in the defining- and use-sites.
-        hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias
+        hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias { .. }
             if tcx.def_kind(tcx.parent(def_id.to_def_id())) == DefKind::OpaqueTy => {}
         // Can have different predicates to their defining use
-        hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias => {
+        hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias { .. } => {
             let wf_tys = ocx.assumed_wf_types(param_env, span, def_id);
             let implied_bounds = infcx.implied_bounds_tys(param_env, def_id, wf_tys);
             let outlives_env = OutlivesEnvironment::with_bounds(param_env, implied_bounds);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/dropck.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/dropck.rs
index 5ba1ca1c807..e0ba255cc06 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/dropck.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/dropck.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use rustc_errors::{struct_span_err, ErrorGuaranteed};
 use rustc_infer::infer::outlives::env::OutlivesEnvironment;
 use rustc_infer::infer::{RegionResolutionError, TyCtxtInferExt};
 use rustc_middle::ty::subst::SubstsRef;
-use rustc_middle::ty::util::IgnoreRegions;
+use rustc_middle::ty::util::CheckRegions;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::{self, ObligationCtxt};
 
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ fn ensure_drop_params_and_item_params_correspond<'tcx>(
     self_type_did: DefId,
     adt_to_impl_substs: SubstsRef<'tcx>,
 ) -> Result<(), ErrorGuaranteed> {
-    let Err(arg) = tcx.uses_unique_generic_params(adt_to_impl_substs, IgnoreRegions::No) else {
+    let Err(arg) = tcx.uses_unique_generic_params(adt_to_impl_substs, CheckRegions::OnlyEarlyBound) else {
         return Ok(())
     };
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/coherence/orphan.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/coherence/orphan.rs
index 272177dfbd0..23beacd2a8c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/coherence/orphan.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/coherence/orphan.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use rustc_errors::{struct_span_err, DelayDm};
 use rustc_errors::{Diagnostic, ErrorGuaranteed};
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_middle::ty::subst::InternalSubsts;
-use rustc_middle::ty::util::IgnoreRegions;
+use rustc_middle::ty::util::CheckRegions;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{
     self, AliasKind, ImplPolarity, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeSuperVisitable, TypeVisitable, TypeVisitableExt,
     TypeVisitor,
@@ -507,7 +507,7 @@ fn lint_auto_trait_impl<'tcx>(
     // Impls which completely cover a given root type are fine as they
     // disable auto impls entirely. So only lint if the substs
     // are not a permutation of the identity substs.
-    let Err(arg) = tcx.uses_unique_generic_params(substs, IgnoreRegions::Yes) else {
+    let Err(arg) = tcx.uses_unique_generic_params(substs, CheckRegions::No) else {
         // ok
         return;
     };
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect.rs
index b65817ee95e..2f808d4ce73 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect.rs
@@ -1483,7 +1483,7 @@ fn generator_kind(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: LocalDefId) -> Option<hir::GeneratorK
 fn is_type_alias_impl_trait<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, def_id: LocalDefId) -> bool {
     match tcx.hir().get_by_def_id(def_id) {
         Node::Item(hir::Item { kind: hir::ItemKind::OpaqueTy(opaque), .. }) => {
-            matches!(opaque.origin, hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias)
+            matches!(opaque.origin, hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias { .. })
         }
         _ => bug!("tried getting opaque_ty_origin for non-opaque: {:?}", def_id),
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/generics_of.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/generics_of.rs
index ab2932bf969..ed60998ec8d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/generics_of.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/generics_of.rs
@@ -159,7 +159,10 @@ pub(super) fn generics_of(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: LocalDefId) -> ty::Generics {
                 }
                 Some(fn_def_id.to_def_id())
             }
-            ItemKind::OpaqueTy(hir::OpaqueTy { origin: hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias, .. }) => {
+            ItemKind::OpaqueTy(hir::OpaqueTy {
+                origin: hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias { .. },
+                ..
+            }) => {
                 let parent_id = tcx.hir().get_parent_item(hir_id);
                 assert_ne!(parent_id, hir::CRATE_OWNER_ID);
                 debug!("generics_of: parent of opaque ty {:?} is {:?}", def_id, parent_id);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/predicates_of.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/predicates_of.rs
index e04658c8e77..a33990813b8 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/predicates_of.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/predicates_of.rs
@@ -721,7 +721,7 @@ pub(super) fn type_param_predicates(
                 | ItemKind::TyAlias(_, generics)
                 | ItemKind::OpaqueTy(OpaqueTy {
                     generics,
-                    origin: hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias,
+                    origin: hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias { .. },
                     ..
                 })
                 | ItemKind::Enum(_, generics)
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/resolve_bound_vars.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/resolve_bound_vars.rs
index 5c7f7f10b17..92ae93cf4cc 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/resolve_bound_vars.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/resolve_bound_vars.rs
@@ -526,7 +526,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for BoundVarContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                 });
             }
             hir::ItemKind::OpaqueTy(hir::OpaqueTy {
-                origin: hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias, ..
+                origin: hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias { .. },
+                ..
             }) => {
                 // Opaque types are visited when we visit the
                 // `TyKind::OpaqueDef`, so that they have the lifetimes from
@@ -707,7 +708,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for BoundVarContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                 let opaque_ty = self.tcx.hir().item(item_id);
                 match &opaque_ty.kind {
                     hir::ItemKind::OpaqueTy(hir::OpaqueTy {
-                        origin: hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias,
+                        origin: hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias { .. },
                         ..
                     }) => {
                         intravisit::walk_ty(self, ty);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/type_of.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/type_of.rs
index 8df0166f76b..6c7c2b9eea2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/type_of.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/type_of.rs
@@ -426,9 +426,10 @@ pub(super) fn type_of(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: LocalDefId) -> ty::EarlyBinder<Ty
                     let substs = InternalSubsts::identity_for_item(tcx, def_id);
                     tcx.mk_adt(def, substs)
                 }
-                ItemKind::OpaqueTy(OpaqueTy { origin: hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias, .. }) => {
-                    find_opaque_ty_constraints_for_tait(tcx, def_id)
-                }
+                ItemKind::OpaqueTy(OpaqueTy {
+                    origin: hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias { .. },
+                    ..
+                }) => find_opaque_ty_constraints_for_tait(tcx, def_id),
                 // Opaque types desugared from `impl Trait`.
                 ItemKind::OpaqueTy(OpaqueTy {
                     origin:
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/note_and_explain.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/note_and_explain.rs
index 064811bd29d..421eb807a14 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/note_and_explain.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/note_and_explain.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ use super::TypeErrCtxt;
 use rustc_errors::Applicability::{MachineApplicable, MaybeIncorrect};
 use rustc_errors::{pluralize, Diagnostic, MultiSpan};
 use rustc_hir as hir;
+use rustc_hir::def::DefKind;
 use rustc_middle::traits::ObligationCauseCode;
 use rustc_middle::ty::error::ExpectedFound;
 use rustc_middle::ty::print::Printer;
@@ -256,6 +257,15 @@ impl<T> Trait<T> for X {
                             );
                         }
                     }
+                    (ty::Alias(ty::Opaque, alias), _) | (_, ty::Alias(ty::Opaque, alias)) if alias.def_id.is_local() && matches!(tcx.def_kind(body_owner_def_id), DefKind::AssocFn | DefKind::AssocConst) => {
+                        if tcx.is_type_alias_impl_trait(alias.def_id) {
+                            if !tcx.opaque_types_defined_by(body_owner_def_id.expect_local()).contains(&alias.def_id.expect_local()) {
+                                diag.span_note(tcx.def_span(body_owner_def_id), "\
+                                    this item must have the opaque type in its signature \
+                                    in order to be able to register hidden types");
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
                     (ty::FnPtr(_), ty::FnDef(def, _))
                     if let hir::def::DefKind::Fn = tcx.def_kind(def) => {
                         diag.note(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/opaque_types.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/opaque_types.rs
index 362b22b23a8..545310ad351 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/opaque_types.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/opaque_types.rs
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
                     // no one encounters it in practice.
                     // It does occur however in `fn fut() -> impl Future<Output = i32> { async { 42 } }`,
                     // where it is of no concern, so we only check for TAITs.
-                    if let Some(OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias) =
+                    if let Some(OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias { .. }) =
                         b_def_id.as_local().and_then(|b_def_id| self.opaque_type_origin(b_def_id))
                     {
                         self.tcx.sess.emit_err(OpaqueHiddenTypeDiag {
@@ -381,8 +381,12 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
             // Anonymous `impl Trait`
             hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::FnReturn(parent) => parent == parent_def_id,
             // Named `type Foo = impl Bar;`
-            hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias => {
-                may_define_opaque_type(self.tcx, parent_def_id, opaque_hir_id)
+            hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias { in_assoc_ty } => {
+                if in_assoc_ty {
+                    self.tcx.opaque_types_defined_by(parent_def_id).contains(&def_id)
+                } else {
+                    may_define_opaque_type(self.tcx, parent_def_id, opaque_hir_id)
+                }
             }
         };
         in_definition_scope.then_some(origin)
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_llvm/llvm-wrapper/PassWrapper.cpp b/compiler/rustc_llvm/llvm-wrapper/PassWrapper.cpp
index 5ec3b95225d..7b774d6865c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_llvm/llvm-wrapper/PassWrapper.cpp
+++ b/compiler/rustc_llvm/llvm-wrapper/PassWrapper.cpp
@@ -745,6 +745,9 @@ LLVMRustOptimize(
         if (InstrProfileOutput) {
           Options.InstrProfileOutput = InstrProfileOutput;
         }
+        // cargo run tests in multhreading mode by default
+        // so use atomics for coverage counters
+        Options.Atomic = true;
         MPM.addPass(InstrProfiling(Options, false));
       }
     );
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/decoder.rs b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/decoder.rs
index a310cbb8029..eab32ad8e3f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/decoder.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/decoder.rs
@@ -856,7 +856,12 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> CrateMetadataRef<'a> {
         ty::EarlyBinder(&*output)
     }
 
-    fn get_variant(self, kind: &DefKind, index: DefIndex, parent_did: DefId) -> ty::VariantDef {
+    fn get_variant(
+        self,
+        kind: DefKind,
+        index: DefIndex,
+        parent_did: DefId,
+    ) -> (VariantIdx, ty::VariantDef) {
         let adt_kind = match kind {
             DefKind::Variant => ty::AdtKind::Enum,
             DefKind::Struct => ty::AdtKind::Struct,
@@ -870,22 +875,25 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> CrateMetadataRef<'a> {
             if adt_kind == ty::AdtKind::Enum { Some(self.local_def_id(index)) } else { None };
         let ctor = data.ctor.map(|(kind, index)| (kind, self.local_def_id(index)));
 
-        ty::VariantDef::new(
-            self.item_name(index),
-            variant_did,
-            ctor,
-            data.discr,
-            self.get_associated_item_or_field_def_ids(index)
-                .map(|did| ty::FieldDef {
-                    did,
-                    name: self.item_name(did.index),
-                    vis: self.get_visibility(did.index),
-                })
-                .collect(),
-            adt_kind,
-            parent_did,
-            false,
-            data.is_non_exhaustive,
+        (
+            data.idx,
+            ty::VariantDef::new(
+                self.item_name(index),
+                variant_did,
+                ctor,
+                data.discr,
+                self.get_associated_item_or_field_def_ids(index)
+                    .map(|did| ty::FieldDef {
+                        did,
+                        name: self.item_name(did.index),
+                        vis: self.get_visibility(did.index),
+                    })
+                    .collect(),
+                adt_kind,
+                parent_did,
+                false,
+                data.is_non_exhaustive,
+            ),
         )
     }
 
@@ -901,7 +909,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> CrateMetadataRef<'a> {
         };
         let repr = self.root.tables.repr_options.get(self, item_id).unwrap().decode(self);
 
-        let variants = if let ty::AdtKind::Enum = adt_kind {
+        let mut variants: Vec<_> = if let ty::AdtKind::Enum = adt_kind {
             self.root
                 .tables
                 .module_children_non_reexports
@@ -912,15 +920,22 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> CrateMetadataRef<'a> {
                     let kind = self.def_kind(index);
                     match kind {
                         DefKind::Ctor(..) => None,
-                        _ => Some(self.get_variant(&kind, index, did)),
+                        _ => Some(self.get_variant(kind, index, did)),
                     }
                 })
                 .collect()
         } else {
-            std::iter::once(self.get_variant(&kind, item_id, did)).collect()
+            std::iter::once(self.get_variant(kind, item_id, did)).collect()
         };
 
-        tcx.mk_adt_def(did, adt_kind, variants, repr)
+        variants.sort_by_key(|(idx, _)| *idx);
+
+        tcx.mk_adt_def(
+            did,
+            adt_kind,
+            variants.into_iter().map(|(_, variant)| variant).collect(),
+            repr,
+        )
     }
 
     fn get_visibility(self, id: DefIndex) -> Visibility<DefId> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/encoder.rs b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/encoder.rs
index 29cf432b8f9..36be07f6205 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/encoder.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/encoder.rs
@@ -1375,9 +1375,10 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> EncodeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
             // Therefore, the loop over variants will encode its fields as the adt's children.
         }
 
-        for variant in adt_def.variants().iter() {
+        for (idx, variant) in adt_def.variants().iter_enumerated() {
             let data = VariantData {
                 discr: variant.discr,
+                idx,
                 ctor: variant.ctor.map(|(kind, def_id)| (kind, def_id.index)),
                 is_non_exhaustive: variant.is_field_list_non_exhaustive(),
             };
@@ -1641,9 +1642,10 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> EncodeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
             }
             hir::ItemKind::OpaqueTy(ref opaque) => {
                 self.encode_explicit_item_bounds(def_id);
-                self.tables
-                    .is_type_alias_impl_trait
-                    .set(def_id.index, matches!(opaque.origin, hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias));
+                self.tables.is_type_alias_impl_trait.set(
+                    def_id.index,
+                    matches!(opaque.origin, hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias { .. }),
+                );
             }
             hir::ItemKind::Impl(hir::Impl { defaultness, constness, .. }) => {
                 self.tables.impl_defaultness.set_some(def_id.index, *defaultness);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/mod.rs
index e2f6acb186b..1328d700210 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/mod.rs
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ use rustc_span::edition::Edition;
 use rustc_span::hygiene::{ExpnIndex, MacroKind};
 use rustc_span::symbol::{Ident, Symbol};
 use rustc_span::{self, ExpnData, ExpnHash, ExpnId, Span};
+use rustc_target::abi::VariantIdx;
 use rustc_target::spec::{PanicStrategy, TargetTriple};
 
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
@@ -430,6 +431,7 @@ define_tables! {
 
 #[derive(TyEncodable, TyDecodable)]
 struct VariantData {
+    idx: VariantIdx,
     discr: ty::VariantDiscr,
     /// If this is unit or tuple-variant/struct, then this is the index of the ctor id.
     ctor: Option<(CtorKind, DefIndex)>,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/erase.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/erase.rs
index 28a9c1eef1a..b45f7caaabe 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/erase.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/erase.rs
@@ -172,6 +172,10 @@ impl EraseType for ty::Binder<'_, ty::FnSig<'_>> {
     type Result = [u8; size_of::<ty::Binder<'static, ty::FnSig<'static>>>()];
 }
 
+impl EraseType for ty::Binder<'_, &'_ ty::List<Ty<'_>>> {
+    type Result = [u8; size_of::<ty::Binder<'static, &'static ty::List<Ty<'static>>>>()];
+}
+
 impl<T0, T1> EraseType for (&'_ T0, &'_ T1) {
     type Result = [u8; size_of::<(&'static (), &'static ())>()];
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs
index 9fad2816b0d..5acdd68e60e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs
@@ -236,6 +236,15 @@ rustc_queries! {
         cache_on_disk_if { key.is_local() }
     }
 
+    query opaque_types_defined_by(
+        key: LocalDefId
+    ) -> &'tcx [LocalDefId] {
+        desc {
+            |tcx| "computing the opaque types defined by `{}`",
+            tcx.def_path_str(key.to_def_id())
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Returns the list of bounds that can be used for
     /// `SelectionCandidate::ProjectionCandidate(_)` and
     /// `ProjectionTyCandidate::TraitDef`.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/traits/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/traits/mod.rs
index 449c453555e..2f0b07d4c71 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/traits/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/traits/mod.rs
@@ -281,9 +281,6 @@ pub enum ObligationCauseCode<'tcx> {
     /// A type like `Box<Foo<'a> + 'b>` is WF only if `'b: 'a`.
     ObjectTypeBound(Ty<'tcx>, ty::Region<'tcx>),
 
-    /// Obligation incurred due to an object cast.
-    ObjectCastObligation(/* Concrete type */ Ty<'tcx>, /* Object type */ Ty<'tcx>),
-
     /// Obligation incurred due to a coercion.
     Coercion {
         source: Ty<'tcx>,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/mod.rs
index f882f54d628..b414e1200cd 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/mod.rs
@@ -2476,6 +2476,18 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Returns the `DefId` of the item within which the `impl Trait` is declared.
+    /// For type-alias-impl-trait this is the `type` alias.
+    /// For impl-trait-in-assoc-type this is the assoc type.
+    /// For return-position-impl-trait this is the function.
+    pub fn impl_trait_parent(self, mut def_id: LocalDefId) -> LocalDefId {
+        // Find the surrounding item (type alias or assoc type)
+        while let DefKind::OpaqueTy = self.def_kind(def_id) {
+            def_id = self.local_parent(def_id);
+        }
+        def_id
+    }
+
     pub fn impl_method_has_trait_impl_trait_tys(self, def_id: DefId) -> bool {
         if self.def_kind(def_id) != DefKind::AssocFn {
             return false;
@@ -2520,7 +2532,7 @@ pub fn is_impl_trait_defn(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> Option<LocalDefId>
                 hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::FnReturn(parent) | hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::AsyncFn(parent) => {
                     Some(parent)
                 }
-                hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias => None,
+                hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias { .. } => None,
             };
         }
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/normalize_erasing_regions.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/normalize_erasing_regions.rs
index 9332b0430ff..a0c8d299f48 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/normalize_erasing_regions.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/normalize_erasing_regions.rs
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
     ///
     /// This should only be used outside of type inference. For example,
     /// it assumes that normalization will succeed.
-    #[tracing::instrument(level = "debug", skip(self, param_env))]
+    #[tracing::instrument(level = "debug", skip(self, param_env), ret)]
     pub fn normalize_erasing_regions<T>(self, param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>, value: T) -> T
     where
         T: TypeFoldable<TyCtxt<'tcx>>,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/sty.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/sty.rs
index 488d83b5f67..d175cf72d67 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/sty.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/sty.rs
@@ -1265,7 +1265,7 @@ impl<'tcx> AliasTy<'tcx> {
 
     /// Extracts the underlying trait reference and own substs from this projection.
     /// For example, if this is a projection of `<T as StreamingIterator>::Item<'a>`,
-    /// then this function would return a `T: Iterator` trait reference and `['a]` as the own substs
+    /// then this function would return a `T: StreamingIterator` trait reference and `['a]` as the own substs
     pub fn trait_ref_and_own_substs(
         self,
         tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/util.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/util.rs
index bcb51db9bcf..9bab693156b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/util.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/util.rs
@@ -34,9 +34,14 @@ pub struct Discr<'tcx> {
 
 /// Used as an input to [`TyCtxt::uses_unique_generic_params`].
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum IgnoreRegions {
-    Yes,
+pub enum CheckRegions {
     No,
+    /// Only permit early bound regions. This is useful for Adts which
+    /// can never have late bound regions.
+    OnlyEarlyBound,
+    /// Permit both late bound and early bound regions. Use this for functions,
+    /// which frequently have late bound regions.
+    Bound,
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
@@ -468,21 +473,28 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
     pub fn uses_unique_generic_params(
         self,
         substs: SubstsRef<'tcx>,
-        ignore_regions: IgnoreRegions,
+        ignore_regions: CheckRegions,
     ) -> Result<(), NotUniqueParam<'tcx>> {
         let mut seen = GrowableBitSet::default();
+        let mut seen_late = FxHashSet::default();
         for arg in substs {
             match arg.unpack() {
-                GenericArgKind::Lifetime(lt) => {
-                    if ignore_regions == IgnoreRegions::No {
-                        let ty::ReEarlyBound(p) = lt.kind() else {
-                            return Err(NotUniqueParam::NotParam(lt.into()))
-                        };
+                GenericArgKind::Lifetime(lt) => match (ignore_regions, lt.kind()) {
+                    (CheckRegions::Bound, ty::ReLateBound(di, reg)) => {
+                        if !seen_late.insert((di, reg)) {
+                            return Err(NotUniqueParam::DuplicateParam(lt.into()));
+                        }
+                    }
+                    (CheckRegions::OnlyEarlyBound | CheckRegions::Bound, ty::ReEarlyBound(p)) => {
                         if !seen.insert(p.index) {
                             return Err(NotUniqueParam::DuplicateParam(lt.into()));
                         }
                     }
-                }
+                    (CheckRegions::OnlyEarlyBound | CheckRegions::Bound, _) => {
+                        return Err(NotUniqueParam::NotParam(lt.into()));
+                    }
+                    (CheckRegions::No, _) => {}
+                },
                 GenericArgKind::Type(t) => match t.kind() {
                     ty::Param(p) => {
                         if !seen.insert(p.index) {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_session/src/config.rs b/compiler/rustc_session/src/config.rs
index aa3cb03bad8..e2b8d3eea2d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_session/src/config.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_session/src/config.rs
@@ -1060,6 +1060,9 @@ fn default_configuration(sess: &Session) -> CrateConfig {
     if sess.opts.debug_assertions {
         ret.insert((sym::debug_assertions, None));
     }
+    if sess.overflow_checks() {
+        ret.insert((sym::overflow_checks, None));
+    }
     // JUSTIFICATION: before wrapper fn is available
     #[allow(rustc::bad_opt_access)]
     if sess.opts.crate_types.contains(&CrateType::ProcMacro) {
@@ -1209,6 +1212,7 @@ impl CrateCheckConfig {
             sym::windows,
             sym::proc_macro,
             sym::debug_assertions,
+            sym::overflow_checks,
             sym::target_thread_local,
         ] {
             self.expecteds.entry(name).or_insert_with(no_values);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs b/compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs
index 60efcb768cb..9951d8f4fc1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs
@@ -463,6 +463,7 @@ symbols! {
         cfg_doctest,
         cfg_eval,
         cfg_hide,
+        cfg_overflow_checks,
         cfg_panic,
         cfg_sanitize,
         cfg_target_abi,
@@ -1065,6 +1066,7 @@ symbols! {
         or_patterns,
         other,
         out,
+        overflow_checks,
         overlapping_marker_traits,
         owned_box,
         packed,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/asm/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/asm/mod.rs
index 705966f5237..e60b8e78e5d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/asm/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/asm/mod.rs
@@ -882,8 +882,8 @@ impl InlineAsmClobberAbi {
                 _ => Err(&["C", "system", "efiapi"]),
             },
             InlineAsmArch::LoongArch64 => match name {
-                "C" | "system" | "efiapi" => Ok(InlineAsmClobberAbi::LoongArch),
-                _ => Err(&["C", "system", "efiapi"]),
+                "C" | "system" => Ok(InlineAsmClobberAbi::LoongArch),
+                _ => Err(&["C", "system"]),
             },
             _ => Err(&[]),
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs
index 98365223923..f5f2fe54217 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs
@@ -797,9 +797,17 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                             err.span_label(span, explanation);
                         }
 
-                        if let ObligationCauseCode::ObjectCastObligation(concrete_ty, obj_ty) = obligation.cause.code().peel_derives() &&
-                            Some(trait_ref.def_id()) == self.tcx.lang_items().sized_trait() {
-                            self.suggest_borrowing_for_object_cast(&mut err, &root_obligation, *concrete_ty, *obj_ty);
+                        if let ObligationCauseCode::Coercion { source, target } =
+                            *obligation.cause.code().peel_derives()
+                        {
+                            if Some(trait_ref.def_id()) == self.tcx.lang_items().sized_trait() {
+                                self.suggest_borrowing_for_object_cast(
+                                    &mut err,
+                                    &root_obligation,
+                                    source,
+                                    target,
+                                );
+                            }
                         }
 
                         let UnsatisfiedConst(unsatisfied_const) = self
@@ -1510,7 +1518,7 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                         | ObligationCauseCode::BindingObligation(_, _)
                         | ObligationCauseCode::ExprItemObligation(..)
                         | ObligationCauseCode::ExprBindingObligation(..)
-                        | ObligationCauseCode::ObjectCastObligation(..)
+                        | ObligationCauseCode::Coercion { .. }
                         | ObligationCauseCode::OpaqueType
                 );
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/suggestions.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/suggestions.rs
index 53bf38c0a34..49b309abcda 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/suggestions.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/suggestions.rs
@@ -1442,8 +1442,9 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
         err: &mut Diagnostic,
         obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
         self_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
-        object_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
+        target_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
     ) {
+        let ty::Ref(_, object_ty, hir::Mutability::Not) = target_ty.kind() else { return; };
         let ty::Dynamic(predicates, _, ty::Dyn) = object_ty.kind() else { return; };
         let self_ref_ty = self.tcx.mk_imm_ref(self.tcx.lifetimes.re_erased, self_ty);
 
@@ -1458,7 +1459,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
         err.span_suggestion(
             obligation.cause.span.shrink_to_lo(),
             format!(
-                "consider borrowing the value, since `&{self_ty}` can be coerced into `{object_ty}`"
+                "consider borrowing the value, since `&{self_ty}` can be coerced into `{target_ty}`"
             ),
             "&",
             Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
@@ -2851,30 +2852,27 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                     err.span_note(tcx.def_span(item_def_id), descr);
                 }
             }
-            ObligationCauseCode::ObjectCastObligation(concrete_ty, object_ty) => {
-                let (concrete_ty, concrete_file) =
-                    self.tcx.short_ty_string(self.resolve_vars_if_possible(concrete_ty));
-                let (object_ty, object_file) =
-                    self.tcx.short_ty_string(self.resolve_vars_if_possible(object_ty));
+            ObligationCauseCode::Coercion { source, target } => {
+                let (source, source_file) =
+                    self.tcx.short_ty_string(self.resolve_vars_if_possible(source));
+                let (target, target_file) =
+                    self.tcx.short_ty_string(self.resolve_vars_if_possible(target));
                 err.note(with_forced_trimmed_paths!(format!(
-                    "required for the cast from `{concrete_ty}` to the object type `{object_ty}`",
+                    "required for the cast from `{source}` to `{target}`",
                 )));
-                if let Some(file) = concrete_file {
+                if let Some(file) = source_file {
                     err.note(format!(
-                        "the full name for the casted type has been written to '{}'",
+                        "the full name for the source type has been written to '{}'",
                         file.display(),
                     ));
                 }
-                if let Some(file) = object_file {
+                if let Some(file) = target_file {
                     err.note(format!(
-                        "the full name for the object type has been written to '{}'",
+                        "the full name for the target type has been written to '{}'",
                         file.display(),
                     ));
                 }
             }
-            ObligationCauseCode::Coercion { source: _, target } => {
-                err.note(format!("required by cast to type `{}`", self.ty_to_string(target)));
-            }
             ObligationCauseCode::RepeatElementCopy { is_const_fn } => {
                 err.note(
                     "the `Copy` trait is required because this value will be copied for each element of the array",
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/confirmation.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/confirmation.rs
index 4dc84e0ad10..6a648294efd 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/confirmation.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/confirmation.rs
@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ use crate::traits::{
     ImplSourceAutoImplData, ImplSourceBuiltinData, ImplSourceClosureData,
     ImplSourceConstDestructData, ImplSourceFnPointerData, ImplSourceFutureData,
     ImplSourceGeneratorData, ImplSourceObjectData, ImplSourceTraitAliasData,
-    ImplSourceTraitUpcastingData, ImplSourceUserDefinedData, Normalized, ObjectCastObligation,
-    Obligation, ObligationCause, OutputTypeParameterMismatch, PredicateObligation, Selection,
-    SelectionError, TraitNotObjectSafe, TraitObligation, Unimplemented,
+    ImplSourceTraitUpcastingData, ImplSourceUserDefinedData, Normalized, Obligation,
+    ObligationCause, OutputTypeParameterMismatch, PredicateObligation, Selection, SelectionError,
+    TraitNotObjectSafe, TraitObligation, Unimplemented,
 };
 
 use super::BuiltinImplConditions;
@@ -905,16 +905,10 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
                     .map_err(|_| Unimplemented)?;
                 nested.extend(obligations);
 
-                // Register one obligation for 'a: 'b.
-                let cause = ObligationCause::new(
-                    obligation.cause.span,
-                    obligation.cause.body_id,
-                    ObjectCastObligation(source, target),
-                );
                 let outlives = ty::OutlivesPredicate(r_a, r_b);
                 nested.push(Obligation::with_depth(
                     tcx,
-                    cause,
+                    obligation.cause.clone(),
                     obligation.recursion_depth + 1,
                     obligation.param_env,
                     obligation.predicate.rebind(outlives),
@@ -1005,15 +999,10 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
                 nested.extend(obligations);
 
                 // Register one obligation for 'a: 'b.
-                let cause = ObligationCause::new(
-                    obligation.cause.span,
-                    obligation.cause.body_id,
-                    ObjectCastObligation(source, target),
-                );
                 let outlives = ty::OutlivesPredicate(r_a, r_b);
                 nested.push(Obligation::with_depth(
                     tcx,
-                    cause,
+                    obligation.cause.clone(),
                     obligation.recursion_depth + 1,
                     obligation.param_env,
                     obligation.predicate.rebind(outlives),
@@ -1027,16 +1016,10 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
                     return Err(TraitNotObjectSafe(did));
                 }
 
-                let cause = ObligationCause::new(
-                    obligation.cause.span,
-                    obligation.cause.body_id,
-                    ObjectCastObligation(source, target),
-                );
-
                 let predicate_to_obligation = |predicate| {
                     Obligation::with_depth(
                         tcx,
-                        cause.clone(),
+                        obligation.cause.clone(),
                         obligation.recursion_depth + 1,
                         obligation.param_env,
                         predicate,
@@ -1056,7 +1039,12 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
                 );
 
                 // We can only make objects from sized types.
-                let tr = ty::TraitRef::from_lang_item(tcx, LangItem::Sized, cause.span, [source]);
+                let tr = ty::TraitRef::from_lang_item(
+                    tcx,
+                    LangItem::Sized,
+                    obligation.cause.span,
+                    [source],
+                );
                 nested.push(predicate_to_obligation(tr.without_const().to_predicate(tcx)));
 
                 // If the type is `Foo + 'a`, ensure that the type
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/mod.rs
index e4f5a84f424..b72ff5b78e4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/select/mod.rs
@@ -2647,14 +2647,19 @@ impl<'tcx> SelectionContext<'_, 'tcx> {
         let predicates = predicates.instantiate_own(tcx, substs);
         let mut obligations = Vec::with_capacity(predicates.len());
         for (index, (predicate, span)) in predicates.into_iter().enumerate() {
-            let cause = cause.clone().derived_cause(parent_trait_pred, |derived| {
-                ImplDerivedObligation(Box::new(ImplDerivedObligationCause {
-                    derived,
-                    impl_or_alias_def_id: def_id,
-                    impl_def_predicate_index: Some(index),
-                    span,
-                }))
-            });
+            let cause =
+                if Some(parent_trait_pred.def_id()) == tcx.lang_items().coerce_unsized_trait() {
+                    cause.clone()
+                } else {
+                    cause.clone().derived_cause(parent_trait_pred, |derived| {
+                        ImplDerivedObligation(Box::new(ImplDerivedObligationCause {
+                            derived,
+                            impl_or_alias_def_id: def_id,
+                            impl_def_predicate_index: Some(index),
+                            span,
+                        }))
+                    })
+                };
             let predicate = normalize_with_depth_to(
                 self,
                 param_env,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/messages.ftl
index 15a14112f4a..5bc3e3c00c9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/messages.ftl
@@ -55,3 +55,11 @@ ty_utils_multiple_array_fields_simd_type = monomorphising SIMD type `{$ty}` with
 ty_utils_oversized_simd_type = monomorphising SIMD type `{$ty}` of length greater than {$max_lanes}
 
 ty_utils_non_primitive_simd_type = monomorphising SIMD type `{$ty}` with a non-primitive-scalar (integer/float/pointer) element type `{$e_ty}`
+
+ty_utils_impl_trait_duplicate_arg = non-defining opaque type use in defining scope
+    .label = generic argument `{$arg}` used twice
+    .note = for this opaque type
+
+ty_utils_impl_trait_not_param = non-defining opaque type use in defining scope
+    .label = argument `{$arg}` is not a generic parameter
+    .note = for this opaque type
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/errors.rs b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/errors.rs
index 3d3fc50e6e5..553bf40ef3a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/errors.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/errors.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 //! Errors emitted by ty_utils
 
 use rustc_macros::{Diagnostic, Subdiagnostic};
-use rustc_middle::ty::Ty;
+use rustc_middle::ty::{GenericArg, Ty};
 use rustc_span::Span;
 
 #[derive(Diagnostic)]
@@ -100,3 +100,25 @@ pub struct NonPrimitiveSimdType<'tcx> {
     pub ty: Ty<'tcx>,
     pub e_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
 }
+
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(ty_utils_impl_trait_duplicate_arg)]
+pub struct DuplicateArg<'tcx> {
+    pub arg: GenericArg<'tcx>,
+    #[primary_span]
+    #[label]
+    pub span: Span,
+    #[note]
+    pub opaque_span: Span,
+}
+
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(ty_utils_impl_trait_not_param)]
+pub struct NotParam<'tcx> {
+    pub arg: GenericArg<'tcx>,
+    #[primary_span]
+    #[label]
+    pub span: Span,
+    #[note]
+    pub opaque_span: Span,
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/lib.rs
index 73a2f6af579..8306c5ae493 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/lib.rs
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ pub mod instance;
 mod layout;
 mod layout_sanity_check;
 mod needs_drop;
+mod opaque_types;
 pub mod representability;
 mod structural_match;
 mod ty;
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@ pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
     implied_bounds::provide(providers);
     layout::provide(providers);
     needs_drop::provide(providers);
+    opaque_types::provide(providers);
     representability::provide(providers);
     ty::provide(providers);
     instance::provide(providers);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/opaque_types.rs b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/opaque_types.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..25ebb333bf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/opaque_types.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashSet;
+use rustc_errors::ErrorGuaranteed;
+use rustc_hir::{def::DefKind, def_id::LocalDefId};
+use rustc_middle::ty::util::{CheckRegions, NotUniqueParam};
+use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty, TyCtxt};
+use rustc_middle::ty::{TypeSuperVisitable, TypeVisitable, TypeVisitor};
+use rustc_span::Span;
+use rustc_type_ir::AliasKind;
+use std::ops::ControlFlow;
+
+use crate::errors::{DuplicateArg, NotParam};
+
+struct OpaqueTypeCollector<'tcx> {
+    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+    opaques: Vec<LocalDefId>,
+    /// The `DefId` of the item which we are collecting opaque types for.
+    item: LocalDefId,
+
+    /// Avoid infinite recursion due to recursive declarations.
+    seen: FxHashSet<LocalDefId>,
+}
+
+impl<'tcx> OpaqueTypeCollector<'tcx> {
+    fn collect(
+        tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+        item: LocalDefId,
+        val: ty::Binder<'tcx, impl TypeVisitable<TyCtxt<'tcx>>>,
+    ) -> Vec<LocalDefId> {
+        let mut collector = Self { tcx, opaques: Vec::new(), item, seen: Default::default() };
+        val.skip_binder().visit_with(&mut collector);
+        collector.opaques
+    }
+
+    fn span(&self) -> Span {
+        self.tcx.def_span(self.item)
+    }
+
+    fn parent(&self) -> Option<LocalDefId> {
+        match self.tcx.def_kind(self.item) {
+            DefKind::Fn => None,
+            DefKind::AssocFn | DefKind::AssocTy | DefKind::AssocConst => {
+                Some(self.tcx.local_parent(self.item))
+            }
+            other => span_bug!(
+                self.tcx.def_span(self.item),
+                "unhandled item with opaque types: {other:?}"
+            ),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'tcx> TypeVisitor<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for OpaqueTypeCollector<'tcx> {
+    type BreakTy = ErrorGuaranteed;
+
+    #[instrument(skip(self), ret, level = "trace")]
+    fn visit_ty(&mut self, t: Ty<'tcx>) -> ControlFlow<ErrorGuaranteed> {
+        match t.kind() {
+            ty::Alias(AliasKind::Opaque, alias_ty) if alias_ty.def_id.is_local() => {
+                if !self.seen.insert(alias_ty.def_id.expect_local()) {
+                    return ControlFlow::Continue(());
+                }
+                match self.tcx.uses_unique_generic_params(alias_ty.substs, CheckRegions::Bound) {
+                    Ok(()) => {
+                        // FIXME: implement higher kinded lifetime bounds on nested opaque types. They are not
+                        // supported at all, so this is sound to do, but once we want to support them, you'll
+                        // start seeing the error below.
+
+                        self.opaques.push(alias_ty.def_id.expect_local());
+
+                        // Collect opaque types nested within the associated type bounds of this opaque type.
+                        for (pred, _span) in self
+                            .tcx
+                            .explicit_item_bounds(alias_ty.def_id)
+                            .subst_iter_copied(self.tcx, alias_ty.substs)
+                        {
+                            trace!(?pred);
+                            pred.visit_with(self)?;
+                        }
+
+                        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+                    }
+                    Err(NotUniqueParam::NotParam(arg)) => {
+                        let err = self.tcx.sess.emit_err(NotParam {
+                            arg,
+                            span: self.span(),
+                            opaque_span: self.tcx.def_span(alias_ty.def_id),
+                        });
+                        ControlFlow::Break(err)
+                    }
+                    Err(NotUniqueParam::DuplicateParam(arg)) => {
+                        let err = self.tcx.sess.emit_err(DuplicateArg {
+                            arg,
+                            span: self.span(),
+                            opaque_span: self.tcx.def_span(alias_ty.def_id),
+                        });
+                        ControlFlow::Break(err)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            ty::Alias(AliasKind::Projection, alias_ty) => {
+                if let Some(parent) = self.parent() {
+                    trace!(?alias_ty);
+                    let (trait_ref, own_substs) = alias_ty.trait_ref_and_own_substs(self.tcx);
+
+                    trace!(?trait_ref, ?own_substs);
+                    // This avoids having to do normalization of `Self::AssocTy` by only
+                    // supporting the case of a method defining opaque types from assoc types
+                    // in the same impl block.
+                    if trait_ref.self_ty() == self.tcx.type_of(parent).subst_identity() {
+                        for assoc in self.tcx.associated_items(parent).in_definition_order() {
+                            trace!(?assoc);
+                            if assoc.trait_item_def_id == Some(alias_ty.def_id) {
+                                // We reconstruct the generic args of the associated type within the impl
+                                // from the impl's generics and the generic args passed to the type via the
+                                // projection.
+                                let substs = ty::InternalSubsts::identity_for_item(
+                                    self.tcx,
+                                    parent.to_def_id(),
+                                );
+                                trace!(?substs);
+                                let substs: Vec<_> =
+                                    substs.iter().chain(own_substs.iter().copied()).collect();
+                                trace!(?substs);
+                                // Find opaque types in this associated type.
+                                return self
+                                    .tcx
+                                    .type_of(assoc.def_id)
+                                    .subst(self.tcx, &substs)
+                                    .visit_with(self);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                t.super_visit_with(self)
+            }
+            _ => t.super_visit_with(self),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn opaque_types_defined_by<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, item: LocalDefId) -> &'tcx [LocalDefId] {
+    let kind = tcx.def_kind(item);
+    trace!(?kind);
+    // FIXME(type_alias_impl_trait): This is definitely still wrong except for RPIT and impl trait in assoc types.
+    match kind {
+        // We're also doing this for `AssocTy` for the wf checks in `check_opaque_meets_bounds`
+        DefKind::Fn | DefKind::AssocFn | DefKind::AssocTy | DefKind::AssocConst => {
+            let defined_opaques = match kind {
+                DefKind::Fn => {
+                    OpaqueTypeCollector::collect(tcx, item, tcx.fn_sig(item).subst_identity())
+                }
+                DefKind::AssocFn => {
+                    OpaqueTypeCollector::collect(tcx, item, tcx.fn_sig(item).subst_identity())
+                }
+                DefKind::AssocTy | DefKind::AssocConst => OpaqueTypeCollector::collect(
+                    tcx,
+                    item,
+                    ty::Binder::dummy(tcx.type_of(item).subst_identity()),
+                ),
+                _ => unreachable!(),
+            };
+            tcx.arena.alloc_from_iter(defined_opaques)
+        }
+        DefKind::Mod
+        | DefKind::Struct
+        | DefKind::Union
+        | DefKind::Enum
+        | DefKind::Variant
+        | DefKind::Trait
+        | DefKind::TyAlias
+        | DefKind::ForeignTy
+        | DefKind::TraitAlias
+        | DefKind::TyParam
+        | DefKind::Const
+        | DefKind::ConstParam
+        | DefKind::Static(_)
+        | DefKind::Ctor(_, _)
+        | DefKind::Macro(_)
+        | DefKind::ExternCrate
+        | DefKind::Use
+        | DefKind::ForeignMod
+        | DefKind::AnonConst
+        | DefKind::InlineConst
+        | DefKind::OpaqueTy
+        | DefKind::ImplTraitPlaceholder
+        | DefKind::Field
+        | DefKind::LifetimeParam
+        | DefKind::GlobalAsm
+        | DefKind::Impl { .. }
+        | DefKind::Closure
+        | DefKind::Generator => &[],
+    }
+}
+
+pub(super) fn provide(providers: &mut ty::query::Providers) {
+    *providers = ty::query::Providers { opaque_types_defined_by, ..*providers };
+}