Auto merge of #84662 - dtolnay:unwindsafe, r=Amanieu

Move UnwindSafe, RefUnwindSafe, AssertUnwindSafe to core

They were previously only available in std::panic, not core::panic.

- https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.51.0/std/panic/trait.UnwindSafe.html
- https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.51.0/std/panic/trait.RefUnwindSafe.html
- https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.51.0/std/panic/struct.AssertUnwindSafe.html

Where this is relevant: trait objects! Inside a `#![no_std]` library it's otherwise impossible to have a struct holding a trait object, and at the same time can be used from downstream std crates in a way that doesn't interfere with catch_unwind.

```rust
// common library

#![no_std]

pub struct Thing {
    pub(crate) x: &'static (dyn SomeTrait + Send + Sync),
}

pub(crate) trait SomeTrait {...}
```

```rust
// downstream application

fn main() {
    let thing: library::Thing = ...;
    let _ = std::panic::catch_unwind(|| { let _ = thing; });  // does not work :(
}
```

See https://github.com/dtolnay/colorous/blob/a4131708e2f05d2377964981896ff62dbc9b027b/src/gradient.rs#L7-L15 for a real life example of needing to work around this problem. In particular that workaround would not even be viable if implementors of the trait were provided externally by a caller, as the `feature = "std"` would become non-additive in that case.

What happens without the UnwindSafe constraints:

```rust
fn main() {
    let gradient = colorous::VIRIDIS;
    let _ = std::panic::catch_unwind(|| { let _ = gradient; });
}
```

```console
error[E0277]: the type `(dyn colorous::gradient::EvalGradient + Send + Sync + 'static)` may contain interior mutability and a reference may not be safely transferrable across a catch_unwind boundary
   --> src/main.rs:3:13
    |
3   |     let _ = std::panic::catch_unwind(|| { let _ = gradient; });
    |             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ `(dyn colorous::gradient::EvalGradient + Send + Sync + 'static)` may contain interior mutability and a reference may not be safely transferrable across a catch_unwind boundary
    |
   ::: .rustup/toolchains/nightly-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/src/rust/library/std/src/panic.rs:430:40
    |
430 | pub fn catch_unwind<F: FnOnce() -> R + UnwindSafe, R>(f: F) -> Result<R> {
    |                                        ---------- required by this bound in `catch_unwind`
    |
    = help: within `Gradient`, the trait `RefUnwindSafe` is not implemented for `(dyn colorous::gradient::EvalGradient + Send + Sync + 'static)`
    = note: required because it appears within the type `&'static (dyn colorous::gradient::EvalGradient + Send + Sync + 'static)`
    = note: required because it appears within the type `Gradient`
    = note: required because of the requirements on the impl of `UnwindSafe` for `&Gradient`
    = note: required because it appears within the type `[closure@src/main.rs:3:38: 3:62]`
```

4 files changed, 650 insertions, 329 deletions

diff --git a/library/core/src/panic.rs b/library/core/src/panic.rs
index 4b72f9ed169..463bec37265 100644
--- a/library/core/src/panic.rs
+++ b/library/core/src/panic.rs
@@ -2,8 +2,18 @@
 
 #![stable(feature = "core_panic_info", since = "1.41.0")]
 
+mod location;
+mod panic_info;
+mod unwind_safe;
+
 use crate::any::Any;
-use crate::fmt;
+
+#[stable(feature = "panic_hooks", since = "1.10.0")]
+pub use self::location::Location;
+#[stable(feature = "panic_hooks", since = "1.10.0")]
+pub use self::panic_info::PanicInfo;
+#[stable(feature = "catch_unwind", since = "1.9.0")]
+pub use self::unwind_safe::{AssertUnwindSafe, RefUnwindSafe, UnwindSafe};
 
 #[doc(hidden)]
 #[unstable(feature = "edition_panic", issue = "none", reason = "use panic!() instead")]
@@ -39,334 +49,6 @@ pub macro panic_2021 {
     ),
 }
 
-/// A struct providing information about a panic.
-///
-/// `PanicInfo` structure is passed to a panic hook set by the [`set_hook`]
-/// function.
-///
-/// [`set_hook`]: ../../std/panic/fn.set_hook.html
-///
-/// # Examples
-///
-/// ```should_panic
-/// use std::panic;
-///
-/// panic::set_hook(Box::new(|panic_info| {
-///     if let Some(s) = panic_info.payload().downcast_ref::<&str>() {
-///         println!("panic occurred: {:?}", s);
-///     } else {
-///         println!("panic occurred");
-///     }
-/// }));
-///
-/// panic!("Normal panic");
-/// ```
-#[lang = "panic_info"]
-#[stable(feature = "panic_hooks", since = "1.10.0")]
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct PanicInfo<'a> {
-    payload: &'a (dyn Any + Send),
-    message: Option<&'a fmt::Arguments<'a>>,
-    location: &'a Location<'a>,
-}
-
-impl<'a> PanicInfo<'a> {
-    #[unstable(
-        feature = "panic_internals",
-        reason = "internal details of the implementation of the `panic!` and related macros",
-        issue = "none"
-    )]
-    #[doc(hidden)]
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn internal_constructor(
-        message: Option<&'a fmt::Arguments<'a>>,
-        location: &'a Location<'a>,
-    ) -> Self {
-        struct NoPayload;
-        PanicInfo { location, message, payload: &NoPayload }
-    }
-
-    #[unstable(
-        feature = "panic_internals",
-        reason = "internal details of the implementation of the `panic!` and related macros",
-        issue = "none"
-    )]
-    #[doc(hidden)]
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn set_payload(&mut self, info: &'a (dyn Any + Send)) {
-        self.payload = info;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the payload associated with the panic.
-    ///
-    /// This will commonly, but not always, be a `&'static str` or [`String`].
-    ///
-    /// [`String`]: ../../std/string/struct.String.html
-    ///
-    /// # Examples
-    ///
-    /// ```should_panic
-    /// use std::panic;
-    ///
-    /// panic::set_hook(Box::new(|panic_info| {
-    ///     if let Some(s) = panic_info.payload().downcast_ref::<&str>() {
-    ///         println!("panic occurred: {:?}", s);
-    ///     } else {
-    ///         println!("panic occurred");
-    ///     }
-    /// }));
-    ///
-    /// panic!("Normal panic");
-    /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "panic_hooks", since = "1.10.0")]
-    pub fn payload(&self) -> &(dyn Any + Send) {
-        self.payload
-    }
-
-    /// If the `panic!` macro from the `core` crate (not from `std`)
-    /// was used with a formatting string and some additional arguments,
-    /// returns that message ready to be used for example with [`fmt::write`]
-    #[unstable(feature = "panic_info_message", issue = "66745")]
-    pub fn message(&self) -> Option<&fmt::Arguments<'_>> {
-        self.message
-    }
-
-    /// Returns information about the location from which the panic originated,
-    /// if available.
-    ///
-    /// This method will currently always return [`Some`], but this may change
-    /// in future versions.
-    ///
-    /// # Examples
-    ///
-    /// ```should_panic
-    /// use std::panic;
-    ///
-    /// panic::set_hook(Box::new(|panic_info| {
-    ///     if let Some(location) = panic_info.location() {
-    ///         println!("panic occurred in file '{}' at line {}",
-    ///             location.file(),
-    ///             location.line(),
-    ///         );
-    ///     } else {
-    ///         println!("panic occurred but can't get location information...");
-    ///     }
-    /// }));
-    ///
-    /// panic!("Normal panic");
-    /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "panic_hooks", since = "1.10.0")]
-    pub fn location(&self) -> Option<&Location<'_>> {
-        // NOTE: If this is changed to sometimes return None,
-        // deal with that case in std::panicking::default_hook and std::panicking::begin_panic_fmt.
-        Some(&self.location)
-    }
-}
-
-#[stable(feature = "panic_hook_display", since = "1.26.0")]
-impl fmt::Display for PanicInfo<'_> {
-    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        formatter.write_str("panicked at ")?;
-        if let Some(message) = self.message {
-            write!(formatter, "'{}', ", message)?
-        } else if let Some(payload) = self.payload.downcast_ref::<&'static str>() {
-            write!(formatter, "'{}', ", payload)?
-        }
-        // NOTE: we cannot use downcast_ref::<String>() here
-        // since String is not available in libcore!
-        // The payload is a String when `std::panic!` is called with multiple arguments,
-        // but in that case the message is also available.
-
-        self.location.fmt(formatter)
-    }
-}
-
-/// A struct containing information about the location of a panic.
-///
-/// This structure is created by [`PanicInfo::location()`].
-///
-/// # Examples
-///
-/// ```should_panic
-/// use std::panic;
-///
-/// panic::set_hook(Box::new(|panic_info| {
-///     if let Some(location) = panic_info.location() {
-///         println!("panic occurred in file '{}' at line {}", location.file(), location.line());
-///     } else {
-///         println!("panic occurred but can't get location information...");
-///     }
-/// }));
-///
-/// panic!("Normal panic");
-/// ```
-///
-/// # Comparisons
-///
-/// Comparisons for equality and ordering are made in file, line, then column priority.
-/// Files are compared as strings, not `Path`, which could be unexpected.
-/// See [`Location::file`]'s documentation for more discussion.
-#[lang = "panic_location"]
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, Hash, Ord, PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
-#[stable(feature = "panic_hooks", since = "1.10.0")]
-pub struct Location<'a> {
-    file: &'a str,
-    line: u32,
-    col: u32,
-}
-
-impl<'a> Location<'a> {
-    /// Returns the source location of the caller of this function. If that function's caller is
-    /// annotated then its call location will be returned, and so on up the stack to the first call
-    /// within a non-tracked function body.
-    ///
-    /// # Examples
-    ///
-    /// ```
-    /// use std::panic::Location;
-    ///
-    /// /// Returns the [`Location`] at which it is called.
-    /// #[track_caller]
-    /// fn get_caller_location() -> &'static Location<'static> {
-    ///     Location::caller()
-    /// }
-    ///
-    /// /// Returns a [`Location`] from within this function's definition.
-    /// fn get_just_one_location() -> &'static Location<'static> {
-    ///     get_caller_location()
-    /// }
-    ///
-    /// let fixed_location = get_just_one_location();
-    /// assert_eq!(fixed_location.file(), file!());
-    /// assert_eq!(fixed_location.line(), 14);
-    /// assert_eq!(fixed_location.column(), 5);
-    ///
-    /// // running the same untracked function in a different location gives us the same result
-    /// let second_fixed_location = get_just_one_location();
-    /// assert_eq!(fixed_location.file(), second_fixed_location.file());
-    /// assert_eq!(fixed_location.line(), second_fixed_location.line());
-    /// assert_eq!(fixed_location.column(), second_fixed_location.column());
-    ///
-    /// let this_location = get_caller_location();
-    /// assert_eq!(this_location.file(), file!());
-    /// assert_eq!(this_location.line(), 28);
-    /// assert_eq!(this_location.column(), 21);
-    ///
-    /// // running the tracked function in a different location produces a different value
-    /// let another_location = get_caller_location();
-    /// assert_eq!(this_location.file(), another_location.file());
-    /// assert_ne!(this_location.line(), another_location.line());
-    /// assert_ne!(this_location.column(), another_location.column());
-    /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "track_caller", since = "1.46.0")]
-    #[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_caller_location", issue = "76156")]
-    #[track_caller]
-    pub const fn caller() -> &'static Location<'static> {
-        crate::intrinsics::caller_location()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a> Location<'a> {
-    #![unstable(
-        feature = "panic_internals",
-        reason = "internal details of the implementation of the `panic!` and related macros",
-        issue = "none"
-    )]
-    #[doc(hidden)]
-    pub const fn internal_constructor(file: &'a str, line: u32, col: u32) -> Self {
-        Location { file, line, col }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the name of the source file from which the panic originated.
-    ///
-    /// # `&str`, not `&Path`
-    ///
-    /// The returned name refers to a source path on the compiling system, but it isn't valid to
-    /// represent this directly as a `&Path`. The compiled code may run on a different system with
-    /// a different `Path` implementation than the system providing the contents and this library
-    /// does not currently have a different "host path" type.
-    ///
-    /// The most surprising behavior occurs when "the same" file is reachable via multiple paths in
-    /// the module system (usually using the `#[path = "..."]` attribute or similar), which can
-    /// cause what appears to be identical code to return differing values from this function.
-    ///
-    /// # Cross-compilation
-    ///
-    /// This value is not suitable for passing to `Path::new` or similar constructors when the host
-    /// platform and target platform differ.
-    ///
-    /// # Examples
-    ///
-    /// ```should_panic
-    /// use std::panic;
-    ///
-    /// panic::set_hook(Box::new(|panic_info| {
-    ///     if let Some(location) = panic_info.location() {
-    ///         println!("panic occurred in file '{}'", location.file());
-    ///     } else {
-    ///         println!("panic occurred but can't get location information...");
-    ///     }
-    /// }));
-    ///
-    /// panic!("Normal panic");
-    /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "panic_hooks", since = "1.10.0")]
-    pub fn file(&self) -> &str {
-        self.file
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the line number from which the panic originated.
-    ///
-    /// # Examples
-    ///
-    /// ```should_panic
-    /// use std::panic;
-    ///
-    /// panic::set_hook(Box::new(|panic_info| {
-    ///     if let Some(location) = panic_info.location() {
-    ///         println!("panic occurred at line {}", location.line());
-    ///     } else {
-    ///         println!("panic occurred but can't get location information...");
-    ///     }
-    /// }));
-    ///
-    /// panic!("Normal panic");
-    /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "panic_hooks", since = "1.10.0")]
-    pub fn line(&self) -> u32 {
-        self.line
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the column from which the panic originated.
-    ///
-    /// # Examples
-    ///
-    /// ```should_panic
-    /// use std::panic;
-    ///
-    /// panic::set_hook(Box::new(|panic_info| {
-    ///     if let Some(location) = panic_info.location() {
-    ///         println!("panic occurred at column {}", location.column());
-    ///     } else {
-    ///         println!("panic occurred but can't get location information...");
-    ///     }
-    /// }));
-    ///
-    /// panic!("Normal panic");
-    /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "panic_col", since = "1.25.0")]
-    pub fn column(&self) -> u32 {
-        self.col
-    }
-}
-
-#[stable(feature = "panic_hook_display", since = "1.26.0")]
-impl fmt::Display for Location<'_> {
-    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        write!(formatter, "{}:{}:{}", self.file, self.line, self.col)
-    }
-}
-
 /// An internal trait used by libstd to pass data from libstd to `panic_unwind`
 /// and other panic runtimes. Not intended to be stabilized any time soon, do
 /// not use.
diff --git a/library/core/src/panic/location.rs b/library/core/src/panic/location.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a482414caaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/library/core/src/panic/location.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+use crate::fmt;
+
+/// A struct containing information about the location of a panic.
+///
+/// This structure is created by [`PanicInfo::location()`].
+///
+/// [`PanicInfo::location()`]: crate::panic::PanicInfo::location
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```should_panic
+/// use std::panic;
+///
+/// panic::set_hook(Box::new(|panic_info| {
+///     if let Some(location) = panic_info.location() {
+///         println!("panic occurred in file '{}' at line {}", location.file(), location.line());
+///     } else {
+///         println!("panic occurred but can't get location information...");
+///     }
+/// }));
+///
+/// panic!("Normal panic");
+/// ```
+///
+/// # Comparisons
+///
+/// Comparisons for equality and ordering are made in file, line, then column priority.
+/// Files are compared as strings, not `Path`, which could be unexpected.
+/// See [`Location::file`]'s documentation for more discussion.
+#[lang = "panic_location"]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, Hash, Ord, PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
+#[stable(feature = "panic_hooks", since = "1.10.0")]
+pub struct Location<'a> {
+    file: &'a str,
+    line: u32,
+    col: u32,
+}
+
+impl<'a> Location<'a> {
+    /// Returns the source location of the caller of this function. If that function's caller is
+    /// annotated then its call location will be returned, and so on up the stack to the first call
+    /// within a non-tracked function body.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use std::panic::Location;
+    ///
+    /// /// Returns the [`Location`] at which it is called.
+    /// #[track_caller]
+    /// fn get_caller_location() -> &'static Location<'static> {
+    ///     Location::caller()
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// /// Returns a [`Location`] from within this function's definition.
+    /// fn get_just_one_location() -> &'static Location<'static> {
+    ///     get_caller_location()
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// let fixed_location = get_just_one_location();
+    /// assert_eq!(fixed_location.file(), file!());
+    /// assert_eq!(fixed_location.line(), 14);
+    /// assert_eq!(fixed_location.column(), 5);
+    ///
+    /// // running the same untracked function in a different location gives us the same result
+    /// let second_fixed_location = get_just_one_location();
+    /// assert_eq!(fixed_location.file(), second_fixed_location.file());
+    /// assert_eq!(fixed_location.line(), second_fixed_location.line());
+    /// assert_eq!(fixed_location.column(), second_fixed_location.column());
+    ///
+    /// let this_location = get_caller_location();
+    /// assert_eq!(this_location.file(), file!());
+    /// assert_eq!(this_location.line(), 28);
+    /// assert_eq!(this_location.column(), 21);
+    ///
+    /// // running the tracked function in a different location produces a different value
+    /// let another_location = get_caller_location();
+    /// assert_eq!(this_location.file(), another_location.file());
+    /// assert_ne!(this_location.line(), another_location.line());
+    /// assert_ne!(this_location.column(), another_location.column());
+    /// ```
+    #[stable(feature = "track_caller", since = "1.46.0")]
+    #[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_caller_location", issue = "76156")]
+    #[track_caller]
+    pub const fn caller() -> &'static Location<'static> {
+        crate::intrinsics::caller_location()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the name of the source file from which the panic originated.
+    ///
+    /// # `&str`, not `&Path`
+    ///
+    /// The returned name refers to a source path on the compiling system, but it isn't valid to
+    /// represent this directly as a `&Path`. The compiled code may run on a different system with
+    /// a different `Path` implementation than the system providing the contents and this library
+    /// does not currently have a different "host path" type.
+    ///
+    /// The most surprising behavior occurs when "the same" file is reachable via multiple paths in
+    /// the module system (usually using the `#[path = "..."]` attribute or similar), which can
+    /// cause what appears to be identical code to return differing values from this function.
+    ///
+    /// # Cross-compilation
+    ///
+    /// This value is not suitable for passing to `Path::new` or similar constructors when the host
+    /// platform and target platform differ.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```should_panic
+    /// use std::panic;
+    ///
+    /// panic::set_hook(Box::new(|panic_info| {
+    ///     if let Some(location) = panic_info.location() {
+    ///         println!("panic occurred in file '{}'", location.file());
+    ///     } else {
+    ///         println!("panic occurred but can't get location information...");
+    ///     }
+    /// }));
+    ///
+    /// panic!("Normal panic");
+    /// ```
+    #[stable(feature = "panic_hooks", since = "1.10.0")]
+    pub fn file(&self) -> &str {
+        self.file
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the line number from which the panic originated.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```should_panic
+    /// use std::panic;
+    ///
+    /// panic::set_hook(Box::new(|panic_info| {
+    ///     if let Some(location) = panic_info.location() {
+    ///         println!("panic occurred at line {}", location.line());
+    ///     } else {
+    ///         println!("panic occurred but can't get location information...");
+    ///     }
+    /// }));
+    ///
+    /// panic!("Normal panic");
+    /// ```
+    #[stable(feature = "panic_hooks", since = "1.10.0")]
+    pub fn line(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.line
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the column from which the panic originated.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```should_panic
+    /// use std::panic;
+    ///
+    /// panic::set_hook(Box::new(|panic_info| {
+    ///     if let Some(location) = panic_info.location() {
+    ///         println!("panic occurred at column {}", location.column());
+    ///     } else {
+    ///         println!("panic occurred but can't get location information...");
+    ///     }
+    /// }));
+    ///
+    /// panic!("Normal panic");
+    /// ```
+    #[stable(feature = "panic_col", since = "1.25.0")]
+    pub fn column(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.col
+    }
+}
+
+#[unstable(
+    feature = "panic_internals",
+    reason = "internal details of the implementation of the `panic!` and related macros",
+    issue = "none"
+)]
+impl<'a> Location<'a> {
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    pub const fn internal_constructor(file: &'a str, line: u32, col: u32) -> Self {
+        Location { file, line, col }
+    }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "panic_hook_display", since = "1.26.0")]
+impl fmt::Display for Location<'_> {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(formatter, "{}:{}:{}", self.file, self.line, self.col)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/library/core/src/panic/panic_info.rs b/library/core/src/panic/panic_info.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a52a0022e5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/library/core/src/panic/panic_info.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+use crate::any::Any;
+use crate::fmt;
+use crate::panic::Location;
+
+/// A struct providing information about a panic.
+///
+/// `PanicInfo` structure is passed to a panic hook set by the [`set_hook`]
+/// function.
+///
+/// [`set_hook`]: ../../std/panic/fn.set_hook.html
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```should_panic
+/// use std::panic;
+///
+/// panic::set_hook(Box::new(|panic_info| {
+///     if let Some(s) = panic_info.payload().downcast_ref::<&str>() {
+///         println!("panic occurred: {:?}", s);
+///     } else {
+///         println!("panic occurred");
+///     }
+/// }));
+///
+/// panic!("Normal panic");
+/// ```
+#[lang = "panic_info"]
+#[stable(feature = "panic_hooks", since = "1.10.0")]
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct PanicInfo<'a> {
+    payload: &'a (dyn Any + Send),
+    message: Option<&'a fmt::Arguments<'a>>,
+    location: &'a Location<'a>,
+}
+
+impl<'a> PanicInfo<'a> {
+    #[unstable(
+        feature = "panic_internals",
+        reason = "internal details of the implementation of the `panic!` and related macros",
+        issue = "none"
+    )]
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn internal_constructor(
+        message: Option<&'a fmt::Arguments<'a>>,
+        location: &'a Location<'a>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        struct NoPayload;
+        PanicInfo { location, message, payload: &NoPayload }
+    }
+
+    #[unstable(
+        feature = "panic_internals",
+        reason = "internal details of the implementation of the `panic!` and related macros",
+        issue = "none"
+    )]
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_payload(&mut self, info: &'a (dyn Any + Send)) {
+        self.payload = info;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the payload associated with the panic.
+    ///
+    /// This will commonly, but not always, be a `&'static str` or [`String`].
+    ///
+    /// [`String`]: ../../std/string/struct.String.html
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```should_panic
+    /// use std::panic;
+    ///
+    /// panic::set_hook(Box::new(|panic_info| {
+    ///     if let Some(s) = panic_info.payload().downcast_ref::<&str>() {
+    ///         println!("panic occurred: {:?}", s);
+    ///     } else {
+    ///         println!("panic occurred");
+    ///     }
+    /// }));
+    ///
+    /// panic!("Normal panic");
+    /// ```
+    #[stable(feature = "panic_hooks", since = "1.10.0")]
+    pub fn payload(&self) -> &(dyn Any + Send) {
+        self.payload
+    }
+
+    /// If the `panic!` macro from the `core` crate (not from `std`)
+    /// was used with a formatting string and some additional arguments,
+    /// returns that message ready to be used for example with [`fmt::write`]
+    #[unstable(feature = "panic_info_message", issue = "66745")]
+    pub fn message(&self) -> Option<&fmt::Arguments<'_>> {
+        self.message
+    }
+
+    /// Returns information about the location from which the panic originated,
+    /// if available.
+    ///
+    /// This method will currently always return [`Some`], but this may change
+    /// in future versions.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```should_panic
+    /// use std::panic;
+    ///
+    /// panic::set_hook(Box::new(|panic_info| {
+    ///     if let Some(location) = panic_info.location() {
+    ///         println!("panic occurred in file '{}' at line {}",
+    ///             location.file(),
+    ///             location.line(),
+    ///         );
+    ///     } else {
+    ///         println!("panic occurred but can't get location information...");
+    ///     }
+    /// }));
+    ///
+    /// panic!("Normal panic");
+    /// ```
+    #[stable(feature = "panic_hooks", since = "1.10.0")]
+    pub fn location(&self) -> Option<&Location<'_>> {
+        // NOTE: If this is changed to sometimes return None,
+        // deal with that case in std::panicking::default_hook and std::panicking::begin_panic_fmt.
+        Some(&self.location)
+    }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "panic_hook_display", since = "1.26.0")]
+impl fmt::Display for PanicInfo<'_> {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter.write_str("panicked at ")?;
+        if let Some(message) = self.message {
+            write!(formatter, "'{}', ", message)?
+        } else if let Some(payload) = self.payload.downcast_ref::<&'static str>() {
+            write!(formatter, "'{}', ", payload)?
+        }
+        // NOTE: we cannot use downcast_ref::<String>() here
+        // since String is not available in libcore!
+        // The payload is a String when `std::panic!` is called with multiple arguments,
+        // but in that case the message is also available.
+
+        self.location.fmt(formatter)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/library/core/src/panic/unwind_safe.rs b/library/core/src/panic/unwind_safe.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..092b7cf0f2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/library/core/src/panic/unwind_safe.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+use crate::cell::UnsafeCell;
+use crate::fmt;
+use crate::future::Future;
+use crate::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
+use crate::pin::Pin;
+use crate::ptr::{NonNull, Unique};
+use crate::stream::Stream;
+use crate::task::{Context, Poll};
+
+/// A marker trait which represents "panic safe" types in Rust.
+///
+/// This trait is implemented by default for many types and behaves similarly in
+/// terms of inference of implementation to the [`Send`] and [`Sync`] traits. The
+/// purpose of this trait is to encode what types are safe to cross a [`catch_unwind`]
+/// boundary with no fear of unwind safety.
+///
+/// [`catch_unwind`]: ../../std/panic/fn.catch_unwind.html
+///
+/// ## What is unwind safety?
+///
+/// In Rust a function can "return" early if it either panics or calls a
+/// function which transitively panics. This sort of control flow is not always
+/// anticipated, and has the possibility of causing subtle bugs through a
+/// combination of two critical components:
+///
+/// 1. A data structure is in a temporarily invalid state when the thread
+///    panics.
+/// 2. This broken invariant is then later observed.
+///
+/// Typically in Rust, it is difficult to perform step (2) because catching a
+/// panic involves either spawning a thread (which in turns makes it difficult
+/// to later witness broken invariants) or using the `catch_unwind` function in this
+/// module. Additionally, even if an invariant is witnessed, it typically isn't a
+/// problem in Rust because there are no uninitialized values (like in C or C++).
+///
+/// It is possible, however, for **logical** invariants to be broken in Rust,
+/// which can end up causing behavioral bugs. Another key aspect of unwind safety
+/// in Rust is that, in the absence of `unsafe` code, a panic cannot lead to
+/// memory unsafety.
+///
+/// That was a bit of a whirlwind tour of unwind safety, but for more information
+/// about unwind safety and how it applies to Rust, see an [associated RFC][rfc].
+///
+/// [rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1236-stabilize-catch-panic.md
+///
+/// ## What is `UnwindSafe`?
+///
+/// Now that we've got an idea of what unwind safety is in Rust, it's also
+/// important to understand what this trait represents. As mentioned above, one
+/// way to witness broken invariants is through the `catch_unwind` function in this
+/// module as it allows catching a panic and then re-using the environment of
+/// the closure.
+///
+/// Simply put, a type `T` implements `UnwindSafe` if it cannot easily allow
+/// witnessing a broken invariant through the use of `catch_unwind` (catching a
+/// panic). This trait is an auto trait, so it is automatically implemented for
+/// many types, and it is also structurally composed (e.g., a struct is unwind
+/// safe if all of its components are unwind safe).
+///
+/// Note, however, that this is not an unsafe trait, so there is not a succinct
+/// contract that this trait is providing. Instead it is intended as more of a
+/// "speed bump" to alert users of `catch_unwind` that broken invariants may be
+/// witnessed and may need to be accounted for.
+///
+/// ## Who implements `UnwindSafe`?
+///
+/// Types such as `&mut T` and `&RefCell<T>` are examples which are **not**
+/// unwind safe. The general idea is that any mutable state which can be shared
+/// across `catch_unwind` is not unwind safe by default. This is because it is very
+/// easy to witness a broken invariant outside of `catch_unwind` as the data is
+/// simply accessed as usual.
+///
+/// Types like `&Mutex<T>`, however, are unwind safe because they implement
+/// poisoning by default. They still allow witnessing a broken invariant, but
+/// they already provide their own "speed bumps" to do so.
+///
+/// ## When should `UnwindSafe` be used?
+///
+/// It is not intended that most types or functions need to worry about this trait.
+/// It is only used as a bound on the `catch_unwind` function and as mentioned
+/// above, the lack of `unsafe` means it is mostly an advisory. The
+/// [`AssertUnwindSafe`] wrapper struct can be used to force this trait to be
+/// implemented for any closed over variables passed to `catch_unwind`.
+#[stable(feature = "catch_unwind", since = "1.9.0")]
+#[cfg_attr(not(test), rustc_diagnostic_item = "unwind_safe_trait")]
+#[rustc_on_unimplemented(
+    message = "the type `{Self}` may not be safely transferred across an unwind boundary",
+    label = "`{Self}` may not be safely transferred across an unwind boundary"
+)]
+pub auto trait UnwindSafe {}
+
+/// A marker trait representing types where a shared reference is considered
+/// unwind safe.
+///
+/// This trait is namely not implemented by [`UnsafeCell`], the root of all
+/// interior mutability.
+///
+/// This is a "helper marker trait" used to provide impl blocks for the
+/// [`UnwindSafe`] trait, for more information see that documentation.
+#[stable(feature = "catch_unwind", since = "1.9.0")]
+#[cfg_attr(not(test), rustc_diagnostic_item = "ref_unwind_safe_trait")]
+#[rustc_on_unimplemented(
+    message = "the type `{Self}` may contain interior mutability and a reference may not be safely \
+               transferrable across a catch_unwind boundary",
+    label = "`{Self}` may contain interior mutability and a reference may not be safely \
+             transferrable across a catch_unwind boundary"
+)]
+pub auto trait RefUnwindSafe {}
+
+/// A simple wrapper around a type to assert that it is unwind safe.
+///
+/// When using [`catch_unwind`] it may be the case that some of the closed over
+/// variables are not unwind safe. For example if `&mut T` is captured the
+/// compiler will generate a warning indicating that it is not unwind safe. It
+/// might not be the case, however, that this is actually a problem due to the
+/// specific usage of [`catch_unwind`] if unwind safety is specifically taken into
+/// account. This wrapper struct is useful for a quick and lightweight
+/// annotation that a variable is indeed unwind safe.
+///
+/// [`catch_unwind`]: ../../std/panic/fn.catch_unwind.html
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// One way to use `AssertUnwindSafe` is to assert that the entire closure
+/// itself is unwind safe, bypassing all checks for all variables:
+///
+/// ```
+/// use std::panic::{self, AssertUnwindSafe};
+///
+/// let mut variable = 4;
+///
+/// // This code will not compile because the closure captures `&mut variable`
+/// // which is not considered unwind safe by default.
+///
+/// // panic::catch_unwind(|| {
+/// //     variable += 3;
+/// // });
+///
+/// // This, however, will compile due to the `AssertUnwindSafe` wrapper
+/// let result = panic::catch_unwind(AssertUnwindSafe(|| {
+///     variable += 3;
+/// }));
+/// // ...
+/// ```
+///
+/// Wrapping the entire closure amounts to a blanket assertion that all captured
+/// variables are unwind safe. This has the downside that if new captures are
+/// added in the future, they will also be considered unwind safe. Therefore,
+/// you may prefer to just wrap individual captures, as shown below. This is
+/// more annotation, but it ensures that if a new capture is added which is not
+/// unwind safe, you will get a compilation error at that time, which will
+/// allow you to consider whether that new capture in fact represent a bug or
+/// not.
+///
+/// ```
+/// use std::panic::{self, AssertUnwindSafe};
+///
+/// let mut variable = 4;
+/// let other_capture = 3;
+///
+/// let result = {
+///     let mut wrapper = AssertUnwindSafe(&mut variable);
+///     panic::catch_unwind(move || {
+///         **wrapper += other_capture;
+///     })
+/// };
+/// // ...
+/// ```
+#[stable(feature = "catch_unwind", since = "1.9.0")]
+pub struct AssertUnwindSafe<T>(#[stable(feature = "catch_unwind", since = "1.9.0")] pub T);
+
+// Implementations of the `UnwindSafe` trait:
+//
+// * By default everything is unwind safe
+// * pointers T contains mutability of some form are not unwind safe
+// * Unique, an owning pointer, lifts an implementation
+// * Types like Mutex/RwLock which are explicitly poisoned are unwind safe
+// * Our custom AssertUnwindSafe wrapper is indeed unwind safe
+
+#[stable(feature = "catch_unwind", since = "1.9.0")]
+impl<T: ?Sized> !UnwindSafe for &mut T {}
+#[stable(feature = "catch_unwind", since = "1.9.0")]
+impl<T: RefUnwindSafe + ?Sized> UnwindSafe for &T {}
+#[stable(feature = "catch_unwind", since = "1.9.0")]
+impl<T: RefUnwindSafe + ?Sized> UnwindSafe for *const T {}
+#[stable(feature = "catch_unwind", since = "1.9.0")]
+impl<T: RefUnwindSafe + ?Sized> UnwindSafe for *mut T {}
+#[unstable(feature = "ptr_internals", issue = "none")]
+impl<T: UnwindSafe + ?Sized> UnwindSafe for Unique<T> {}
+#[stable(feature = "nonnull", since = "1.25.0")]
+impl<T: RefUnwindSafe + ?Sized> UnwindSafe for NonNull<T> {}
+#[stable(feature = "catch_unwind", since = "1.9.0")]
+impl<T> UnwindSafe for AssertUnwindSafe<T> {}
+
+// Pretty simple implementations for the `RefUnwindSafe` marker trait,
+// basically just saying that `UnsafeCell` is the
+// only thing which doesn't implement it (which then transitively applies to
+// everything else).
+#[stable(feature = "catch_unwind", since = "1.9.0")]
+impl<T: ?Sized> !RefUnwindSafe for UnsafeCell<T> {}
+#[stable(feature = "catch_unwind", since = "1.9.0")]
+impl<T> RefUnwindSafe for AssertUnwindSafe<T> {}
+
+#[cfg(target_has_atomic_load_store = "ptr")]
+#[stable(feature = "unwind_safe_atomic_refs", since = "1.14.0")]
+impl RefUnwindSafe for crate::sync::atomic::AtomicIsize {}
+#[cfg(target_has_atomic_load_store = "8")]
+#[stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0")]
+impl RefUnwindSafe for crate::sync::atomic::AtomicI8 {}
+#[cfg(target_has_atomic_load_store = "16")]
+#[stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0")]
+impl RefUnwindSafe for crate::sync::atomic::AtomicI16 {}
+#[cfg(target_has_atomic_load_store = "32")]
+#[stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0")]
+impl RefUnwindSafe for crate::sync::atomic::AtomicI32 {}
+#[cfg(target_has_atomic_load_store = "64")]
+#[stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0")]
+impl RefUnwindSafe for crate::sync::atomic::AtomicI64 {}
+#[cfg(target_has_atomic_load_store = "128")]
+#[unstable(feature = "integer_atomics", issue = "32976")]
+impl RefUnwindSafe for crate::sync::atomic::AtomicI128 {}
+
+#[cfg(target_has_atomic_load_store = "ptr")]
+#[stable(feature = "unwind_safe_atomic_refs", since = "1.14.0")]
+impl RefUnwindSafe for crate::sync::atomic::AtomicUsize {}
+#[cfg(target_has_atomic_load_store = "8")]
+#[stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0")]
+impl RefUnwindSafe for crate::sync::atomic::AtomicU8 {}
+#[cfg(target_has_atomic_load_store = "16")]
+#[stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0")]
+impl RefUnwindSafe for crate::sync::atomic::AtomicU16 {}
+#[cfg(target_has_atomic_load_store = "32")]
+#[stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0")]
+impl RefUnwindSafe for crate::sync::atomic::AtomicU32 {}
+#[cfg(target_has_atomic_load_store = "64")]
+#[stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0")]
+impl RefUnwindSafe for crate::sync::atomic::AtomicU64 {}
+#[cfg(target_has_atomic_load_store = "128")]
+#[unstable(feature = "integer_atomics", issue = "32976")]
+impl RefUnwindSafe for crate::sync::atomic::AtomicU128 {}
+
+#[cfg(target_has_atomic_load_store = "8")]
+#[stable(feature = "unwind_safe_atomic_refs", since = "1.14.0")]
+impl RefUnwindSafe for crate::sync::atomic::AtomicBool {}
+
+#[cfg(target_has_atomic_load_store = "ptr")]
+#[stable(feature = "unwind_safe_atomic_refs", since = "1.14.0")]
+impl<T> RefUnwindSafe for crate::sync::atomic::AtomicPtr<T> {}
+
+#[stable(feature = "catch_unwind", since = "1.9.0")]
+impl<T> Deref for AssertUnwindSafe<T> {
+    type Target = T;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &T {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "catch_unwind", since = "1.9.0")]
+impl<T> DerefMut for AssertUnwindSafe<T> {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T {
+        &mut self.0
+    }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "catch_unwind", since = "1.9.0")]
+impl<R, F: FnOnce() -> R> FnOnce<()> for AssertUnwindSafe<F> {
+    type Output = R;
+
+    extern "rust-call" fn call_once(self, _args: ()) -> R {
+        (self.0)()
+    }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "std_debug", since = "1.16.0")]
+impl<T: fmt::Debug> fmt::Debug for AssertUnwindSafe<T> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_tuple("AssertUnwindSafe").field(&self.0).finish()
+    }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "futures_api", since = "1.36.0")]
+impl<F: Future> Future for AssertUnwindSafe<F> {
+    type Output = F::Output;
+
+    fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
+        // SAFETY: pin projection. AssertUnwindSafe follows structural pinning.
+        let pinned_field = unsafe { Pin::map_unchecked_mut(self, |x| &mut x.0) };
+        F::poll(pinned_field, cx)
+    }
+}
+
+#[unstable(feature = "async_stream", issue = "79024")]
+impl<S: Stream> Stream for AssertUnwindSafe<S> {
+    type Item = S::Item;
+
+    fn poll_next(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Option<S::Item>> {
+        // SAFETY: pin projection. AssertUnwindSafe follows structural pinning.
+        unsafe { self.map_unchecked_mut(|x| &mut x.0) }.poll_next(cx)
+    }
+
+    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
+        self.0.size_hint()
+    }
+}