std: Deprecate all std::os::*::raw types

This commit is an implementation of [RFC 1415][rfc] which deprecates all types
in the `std::os::*::raw` modules.

[rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1415-trim-std-os.md

Many of the types in these modules don't actually have a canonical platform
representation, for example the definition of `stat` on 32-bit Linux will change
depending on whether C code is compiled with LFS support or not. Unfortunately
the current types in `std::os::*::raw` are billed as "compatible with C", which
in light of this means it isn't really possible.

To make matters worse, platforms like Android sometimes define these types as
*smaller* than the way they're actually represented in the `stat` structure
itself. This means that when methods like `DirEntry::ino` are called on Android
the result may be truncated as we're tied to returning a `ino_t` type, not the
underlying type.

The commit here incorporates two backwards-compatible components:

* Deprecate all `raw` types that aren't in `std::os::raw`
* Expand the `std::os::*::fs::MetadataExt` trait on all platforms for method
  accessors of all fields. The fields now returned widened types which are the
  same across platforms (consistency across platforms is not required, however,
  it's just convenient).

and two also backwards-incompatible components:

* Change the definition of all `std::os::*::raw` type aliases to
  correspond to the newly widened types that are being returned on each
  platform.
* Change the definition of `std::os::*::raw::stat` on Linux to match the LFS
  definitions rather than the standard ones.

The breaking changes here will specifically break code that assumes that `libc`
and `std` agree on the definition of `std::os::*::raw` types, or that the `std`
types are faithful representations of the types in C. An [audit] has been
performed of crates.io to determine the fallout which was determined two be
minimal, with the two found cases of breakage having been fixed now.

[audit]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/1415#issuecomment-180645582

---

Ok, so after all that, we're finally able to support LFS on Linux! This commit
then simultaneously starts using `stat64` and friends on Linux to ensure that we
can open >4GB files on 32-bit Linux. Yay!

Closes #28978
Closes #30050
Closes #31549

1 files changed, 27 insertions, 22 deletions

diff --git a/src/libstd/os/macos/raw.rs b/src/libstd/os/macos/raw.rs
index 1407132b9c9..2148670ccbd 100644
--- a/src/libstd/os/macos/raw.rs
+++ b/src/libstd/os/macos/raw.rs
@@ -11,18 +11,23 @@
 //! MacOS-specific raw type definitions
 
 #![stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
+#![rustc_deprecated(since = "1.8.0",
+                    reason = "these type aliases are no longer supported by \
+                              the standard library, the `libc` crate on \
+                              crates.io should be used instead for the correct \
+                              definitions")]
+#![allow(deprecated)]
 
 use os::raw::c_long;
-use os::unix::raw::{uid_t, gid_t};
 
-#[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")] pub type blkcnt_t = i64;
-#[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")] pub type blksize_t = i32;
-#[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")] pub type dev_t = i32;
+#[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")] pub type blkcnt_t = u64;
+#[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")] pub type blksize_t = u64;
+#[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")] pub type dev_t = u64;
 #[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")] pub type ino_t = u64;
-#[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")] pub type mode_t = u16;
-#[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")] pub type nlink_t = u16;
-#[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")] pub type off_t = i64;
-#[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")] pub type time_t = c_long;
+#[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")] pub type mode_t = u32;
+#[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")] pub type nlink_t = u64;
+#[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")] pub type off_t = u64;
+#[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")] pub type time_t = i64;
 
 #[unstable(feature = "pthread_t", issue = "29791")] pub type pthread_t = usize;
 
@@ -31,41 +36,41 @@ use os::unix::raw::{uid_t, gid_t};
 #[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
 pub struct stat {
     #[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
-    pub st_dev: dev_t,
+    pub st_dev: i32,
     #[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
-    pub st_mode: mode_t,
+    pub st_mode: u16,
     #[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
-    pub st_nlink: nlink_t,
+    pub st_nlink: u16,
     #[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
-    pub st_ino: ino_t,
+    pub st_ino: u64,
     #[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
-    pub st_uid: uid_t,
+    pub st_uid: u32,
     #[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
-    pub st_gid: gid_t,
+    pub st_gid: u32,
     #[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
-    pub st_rdev: dev_t,
+    pub st_rdev: i32,
     #[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
-    pub st_atime: time_t,
+    pub st_atime: c_long,
     #[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
     pub st_atime_nsec: c_long,
     #[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
-    pub st_mtime: time_t,
+    pub st_mtime: c_long,
     #[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
     pub st_mtime_nsec: c_long,
     #[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
-    pub st_ctime: time_t,
+    pub st_ctime: c_long,
     #[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
     pub st_ctime_nsec: c_long,
     #[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
-    pub st_birthtime: time_t,
+    pub st_birthtime: c_long,
     #[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
     pub st_birthtime_nsec: c_long,
     #[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
-    pub st_size: off_t,
+    pub st_size: i64,
     #[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
-    pub st_blocks: blkcnt_t,
+    pub st_blocks: i64,
     #[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
-    pub st_blksize: blksize_t,
+    pub st_blksize: i32,
     #[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
     pub st_flags: u32,
     #[stable(feature = "raw_ext", since = "1.1.0")]