Auto merge of #25013 - pnkfelix:span_to_lines-oflo, r=huonw

Guard against overflow in `codemap::span_to_lines`.

(Revised/expanded version of PR #24976)

Make `span_to_lines` to return a `Result`.

In `diagnostic`, catch `Err` from `span_to_lines` and print `"(unprintable span)"` instead.

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There a number of recent issues that report the bug here.  See e.g. #24761 and #24954.

This change *might* fix them. However, that is *not* its main goal. The main goals are:

 1. Make it possible for callers to recover from an error here, and

 2. Insert a more conservative check, in that we are also checking that the files match up.

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As a drive-by, fix #24997 , which was causing my attempts to `make check-stage1` on an `--enable-debug` build to fail.

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