Change Travis CI job order.

Reorder the job matrix to take advantage of the order how Travis CI starts
them in rust-lang/rust. Plus other refactoring of `.travis.yml`.

1. Move the `$ALLOW_PR` image to the top, so users' PRs will start testing
   immediately. Previously the `$ALLOW_PR` image starts 6 minutes after the
   build was scheduled.

2. Move the slow macOS images near the top, so they share more time with
   the rest of the faster Linux builds, which should shorten total test
   time (actually not much, about 7 minutes at most if this change does
   work).

3. Merged the `install` section of both Linux and macOS to make the `env:`
   section a bit shorter, and enable change 4 below.

4. Do not download or install anything if `$SKIP_BUILD == true`, which
   further reduces chance of spurious failure in the PR-CI stage (avoid the
   red cross appearing even if CI passed).

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