Rollup merge of #55073 - alexcrichton:demote-simd, r=nagisa

The issue of passing around SIMD types as values between functions has
seen [quite a lot] of [discussion], and although we thought [we fixed
it][quite a lot] it [wasn't]! This PR is a change to rustc to, again,
try to fix this issue.

The fundamental problem here remains the same, if a SIMD vector argument
is passed by-value in LLVM's function type, then if the caller and
callee disagree on target features a miscompile happens. We solve this
by never passing SIMD vectors by-value, but LLVM will still thwart us
with its argument promotion pass to promote by-ref SIMD arguments to
by-val SIMD arguments.

This commit is an attempt to thwart LLVM thwarting us. We, just before
codegen, will take yet another look at the LLVM module and demote any
by-value SIMD arguments we see. This is a very manual attempt by us to
ensure the codegen for a module keeps working, and it unfortunately is
likely producing suboptimal code, even in release mode. The saving grace
for this, in theory, is that if SIMD types are passed by-value across
a boundary in release mode it's pretty unlikely to be performance
sensitive (as it's already doing a load/store, and otherwise
perf-sensitive bits should be inlined).

The implementation here is basically a big wad of C++. It was largely
copied from LLVM's own argument promotion pass, only doing the reverse.
In local testing this...

Closes #50154
Closes #52636
Closes #54583
Closes #55059

[quite a lot]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/47743
[discussion]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/44367
[wasn't]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/50154

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