time: Deprecate the library in the distribution

This commit deprecates the entire libtime library in favor of the
externally-provided libtime in the rust-lang organization. Users of the
`libtime` crate as-is today should add this to their Cargo manifests:

    [dependencies.time]
    git = "https://github.com/rust-lang/time"

To implement this transition, a new function `Duration::span` was added to the
`std::time::Duration` time. This function takes a closure and then returns the
duration of time it took that closure to execute. This interface will likely
improve with `FnOnce` unboxed closures as moving in and out will be a little
easier.

Due to the deprecation of the in-tree crate, this is a:

[breaking-change]

cc #18855, some of the conversions in the `src/test/bench` area may have been a
little nicer with that implemented

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