Rollup merge of #77319 - tgnottingham:siphasher_endianness, r=nnethercote

Stable hashing: add comments and tests concerning platform-independence

SipHasher128 implements short_write in an endian-independent way, yet
its write_xxx Hasher trait methods undo this endian-independence by byte
swapping the integer inputs on big-endian hardware. StableHasher then
adds endian-independence back by also byte-swapping on big-endian
hardware prior to invoking SipHasher128.

This double swap may have the appearance of being a no-op, but is in
fact by design. In particular, we really do want SipHasher128 to be
platform-dependent, in order to be consistent with the libstd SipHasher.
Try to clarify this intent. Also, add and update a couple of unit tests.

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Previous commit text:

~SipHasher128: fix platform-independence confusion~

~StableHasher is supposed to ensure platform independence by converting
integers to little-endian and extending isize and usize to 64 bits as
necessary, but in fact, much of that work is already handled by
SipHasher128.~

~In particular, SipHasher128 implements short_write in an
endian-independent way, yet both StableHasher and SipHasher128
additionally attempt to achieve endian-independence by byte swapping on
BE hardware before invoking short writes. This double swap has no
effect, so let's remove it.~

~Because short_write is endian-independent, SipHasher128 is already
handling part of the platform-independence, and it would be somewhat
difficult to make it *not* handle that part with the current
implementation. As splitting platform-independence responsibilities
between StableHasher and SipHasher128 would be confusing, let's make
SipHasher128 handle all of it.~

~Finally, update some incorrect comments and increase test coverage.
Unit tests pass on both LE and BE systems.~

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