Rollup merge of #79502 - Julian-Wollersberger:from_char_for_u64, r=withoutboats

Implement From<char> for u64 and u128.

With this PR you can write
```
let u = u64::from('👤');
let u = u128::from('👤');
```

Previously, you could already write `as` conversions ([Playground link](https://play.rust-lang.org/?version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2018&gist=cee18febe28e69024357d099f07ca081)):
```
// Lossless conversions
dbg!('👤' as u32);    // Prints 128100
dbg!('👤' as u64);    // Prints 128100
dbg!('👤' as u128);   // Prints 128100

// truncates, thus no `From` impls.
dbg!('👤' as u8);     // Prints 100
dbg!('👤' as u16);    // Prints 62564

// These `From` impls already exist.
dbg!(u32::from('👤'));               // Prints 128100
dbg!(u64::from(u32::from('👤')));    // Prints 128100
```

The idea is from ``@gendx`` who opened [this Internals thread](https://internals.rust-lang.org/t/implement-from-char-for-u64/13454), and ``@withoutboats`` responded that someone should open a PR for it.
Some people mentioned `From<char>` impls for `f32` and `f64`, but that doesn't seem correct to me, so I didn't include them here.

I don't know what the feature should be named. Must it be registered somewhere, like unstable features?

r? ``@withoutboats``

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