Auto merge of #41236 - cengizIO:master, r=nikomatsakis

Move E0101 and E0102 logic into new E0282 mechanism #40013

Hello there!

## What's this?
Previously, me and @nikomatsakis worked on error messages of uninferred locals. (#38812)

This aims to build up on that by moving certain type checks from `writeback`.

With this, `E0101` and `E0102` errors are getting obsoleted and no longer thrown.

They're replaced with customized versions of `E0282`s instead.

## Sample Error Messages

#### `E0101` is getting converted into:
```rust
error[E0282]: type annotations needed
 --> test.rs:2:14
  |
2 |     let x = |_| {};
  |              ^ consider giving this closure parameter a type

error: aborting due to previous error
```

#### `E0102` is getting converted into:
```rust
error[E0282]: type annotations needed
 --> test.rs:2:9
  |
2 |     let x = [];
  |         ^
  |         |
  |         consider giving `x` a type
  |         cannot infer type for `[_; 0]`

error: aborting due to previous error
```

## Annoyances
- I think we need to change our way of type name resolving in relevant places, because that `[_; 0]` looks horrible IMHO.
- I'm not terribly happy with the note ordering of errors. So please do point to code that might help me accomplish this.

## Tests
Tests of `E0101` and `E0102` are getting converted from `compile-fail` to `ui` tests.

## Documentation
Please help me with documentation update. There are some confusing places that needed an update but I'm not sure if I did the right ones.

Please do comment on messages, layouts and other details.

## Appreciation
Huge thanks goes to @nikomatsakis for being a patient and humble mentor along this long journey. 🍻

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