Auto merge of #78122 - fusion-engineering-forks:fmt-write-bounds-check, r=Mark-Simulacrum

Avoid panic_bounds_check in fmt::write.

Writing any fmt::Arguments would trigger the inclusion of usize formatting and padding code in the resulting binary, because indexing used in fmt::write would generate code using panic_bounds_check, which prints the index and length.

These bounds checks are not necessary, as fmt::Arguments never contains any out-of-bounds indexes.

This change replaces them with unsafe get_unchecked, to reduce the amount of generated code, which is especially important for embedded targets.

---

Demonstration of the size of and the symbols in a 'hello world' no_std binary:

<details>
<summary>Source code</summary>

```rust
#![feature(lang_items)]
#![feature(start)]
#![no_std]

use core::fmt;
use core::fmt::Write;

#[link(name = "c")]
extern "C" {
    #[allow(improper_ctypes)]
    fn write(fd: i32, s: &str) -> isize;
    fn exit(code: i32) -> !;
}

struct Stdout;

impl fmt::Write for Stdout {
    fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {
        unsafe { write(1, s) };
        Ok(())
    }
}

#[start]
fn main(_argc: isize, _argv: *const *const u8) -> isize {
    let _ = writeln!(Stdout, "Hello World");
    0
}

#[lang = "eh_personality"]
fn eh_personality() {}

#[panic_handler]
fn panic(_: &core::panic::PanicInfo) -> ! {
    unsafe { exit(1) };
}
```
</details>

Before:
```
   text	   data	    bss	    dec	    hex	filename
   6059	    736	      8	   6803	   1a93	before
```
```
0000000000001e00 T <T as core::any::Any>::type_id
0000000000003dd0 D core::fmt::num::DEC_DIGITS_LUT
0000000000001ce0 T core::fmt::num::imp::<impl core::fmt::Display for u64>::fmt
0000000000001ce0 T core::fmt::num::imp::<impl core::fmt::Display for usize>::fmt
0000000000001370 T core::fmt::write
0000000000001b30 t core::fmt::Formatter::pad_integral::write_prefix
0000000000001660 T core::fmt::Formatter::pad_integral
0000000000001350 T core::ops::function::FnOnce::call_once
0000000000001b80 t core::ptr::drop_in_place
0000000000001120 t core::ptr::drop_in_place
0000000000001c50 t core::iter::adapters::zip::Zip<A,B>::new
0000000000001c90 t core::iter::adapters::zip::Zip<A,B>::new
0000000000001b90 T core::panicking::panic_bounds_check
0000000000001c10 T core::panicking::panic_fmt
0000000000001130 t <&mut W as core::fmt::Write>::write_char
0000000000001200 t <&mut W as core::fmt::Write>::write_fmt
0000000000001250 t <&mut W as core::fmt::Write>::write_str
```

After:
```
   text	   data	    bss	    dec	    hex	filename
   3068	    600	      8	   3676	    e5c	after
```
```
0000000000001360 T core::fmt::write
0000000000001340 T core::ops::function::FnOnce::call_once
0000000000001120 t core::ptr::drop_in_place
0000000000001620 t core::iter::adapters::zip::Zip<A,B>::new
0000000000001660 t core::iter::adapters::zip::Zip<A,B>::new
0000000000001130 t <&mut W as core::fmt::Write>::write_char
0000000000001200 t <&mut W as core::fmt::Write>::write_fmt
0000000000001250 t <&mut W as core::fmt::Write>::write_str
```

2 files changed, 57 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/test/run-make/fmt-write-bloat/Makefile b/src/test/run-make/fmt-write-bloat/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..26e08086a72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/run-make/fmt-write-bloat/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+-include ../../run-make-fulldeps/tools.mk
+
+# ignore-windows
+
+ifeq ($(shell $(RUSTC) -vV | grep 'host: $(TARGET)'),)
+
+# Don't run this test when cross compiling.
+all:
+
+else
+
+NM = nm
+
+PANIC_SYMS = panic_bounds_check pad_integral Display Debug
+
+# Allow for debug_assert!() in debug builds of std.
+ifdef NO_DEBUG_ASSERTIONS
+PANIC_SYMS += panicking panic_fmt
+endif
+
+all: main.rs
+	$(RUSTC) $< -O
+	$(NM) $(call RUN_BINFILE,main) | $(CGREP) -v $(PANIC_SYMS)
+
+endif
diff --git a/src/test/run-make/fmt-write-bloat/main.rs b/src/test/run-make/fmt-write-bloat/main.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e86c48014c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/run-make/fmt-write-bloat/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#![feature(lang_items)]
+#![feature(start)]
+#![no_std]
+
+use core::fmt;
+use core::fmt::Write;
+
+#[link(name = "c")]
+extern "C" {}
+
+struct Dummy;
+
+impl fmt::Write for Dummy {
+    #[inline(never)]
+    fn write_str(&mut self, _: &str) -> fmt::Result {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[start]
+fn main(_: isize, _: *const *const u8) -> isize {
+    let _ = writeln!(Dummy, "Hello World");
+    0
+}
+
+#[lang = "eh_personality"]
+fn eh_personality() {}
+
+#[panic_handler]
+fn panic(_: &core::panic::PanicInfo) -> ! {
+    loop {}
+}