Merge from rustc

176 files changed, 1546 insertions, 1360 deletions

diff --git a/src/bootstrap/bootstrap.py b/src/bootstrap/bootstrap.py
index 149350e62a0..fe66b1d41bf 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/bootstrap.py
+++ b/src/bootstrap/bootstrap.py
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ def _download(path, url, probably_big, verbose, exception):
         print("downloading {}".format(url), file=sys.stderr)
 
     try:
-        if probably_big or verbose:
+        if (probably_big or verbose) and "GITHUB_ACTIONS" not in os.environ:
             option = "-#"
         else:
             option = "-s"
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ def default_build_triple(verbose):
     if uname is None:
         return 'x86_64-pc-windows-msvc'
 
-    kernel, cputype, processor = uname.decode(default_encoding).split()
+    kernel, cputype, processor = uname.decode(default_encoding).split(maxsplit=2)
 
     # The goal here is to come up with the same triple as LLVM would,
     # at least for the subset of platforms we're willing to target.
@@ -914,12 +914,7 @@ class RustBuild(object):
 
         # preserve existing RUSTFLAGS
         env.setdefault("RUSTFLAGS", "")
-        # we need to explicitly add +xgot here so that we can successfully bootstrap
-        # a usable stage1 compiler
-        # FIXME: remove this if condition on the next bootstrap bump
-        # cfg(bootstrap)
-        if self.build_triple().startswith('mips'):
-            env["RUSTFLAGS"] += " -Ctarget-feature=+xgot"
+
         target_features = []
         if self.get_toml("crt-static", build_section) == "true":
             target_features += ["+crt-static"]
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/builder.rs b/src/bootstrap/builder.rs
index c0c749552e6..766c187e8e8 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/builder.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/builder.rs
@@ -115,6 +115,43 @@ impl RunConfig<'_> {
         }
         INTERNER.intern_list(crates)
     }
+
+    /// Given an `alias` selected by the `Step` and the paths passed on the command line,
+    /// return a list of the crates that should be built.
+    ///
+    /// Normally, people will pass *just* `library` if they pass it.
+    /// But it's possible (although strange) to pass something like `library std core`.
+    /// Build all crates anyway, as if they hadn't passed the other args.
+    pub fn make_run_crates(&self, alias: Alias) -> Interned<Vec<String>> {
+        let has_alias =
+            self.paths.iter().any(|set| set.assert_single_path().path.ends_with(alias.as_str()));
+        if !has_alias {
+            return self.cargo_crates_in_set();
+        }
+
+        let crates = match alias {
+            Alias::Library => self.builder.in_tree_crates("sysroot", Some(self.target)),
+            Alias::Compiler => self.builder.in_tree_crates("rustc-main", Some(self.target)),
+        };
+
+        let crate_names = crates.into_iter().map(|krate| krate.name.to_string()).collect();
+        INTERNER.intern_list(crate_names)
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
+pub enum Alias {
+    Library,
+    Compiler,
+}
+
+impl Alias {
+    fn as_str(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Alias::Library => "library",
+            Alias::Compiler => "compiler",
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 /// A description of the crates in this set, suitable for passing to `builder.info`.
@@ -358,7 +395,7 @@ impl StepDescription {
             eprintln!(
                 "note: if you are adding a new Step to bootstrap itself, make sure you register it with `describe!`"
             );
-            crate::detail_exit_macro!(1);
+            crate::exit!(1);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -902,21 +939,6 @@ impl<'a> Builder<'a> {
         Self::new_internal(build, kind, paths.to_owned())
     }
 
-    /// Creates a new standalone builder for use outside of the normal process
-    pub fn new_standalone(
-        build: &mut Build,
-        kind: Kind,
-        paths: Vec<PathBuf>,
-        stage: Option<u32>,
-    ) -> Builder<'_> {
-        // FIXME: don't mutate `build`
-        if let Some(stage) = stage {
-            build.config.stage = stage;
-        }
-
-        Self::new_internal(build, kind, paths.to_owned())
-    }
-
     pub fn execute_cli(&self) {
         self.run_step_descriptions(&Builder::get_step_descriptions(self.kind), &self.paths);
     }
@@ -1338,7 +1360,7 @@ impl<'a> Builder<'a> {
                         "error: `x.py clippy` requires a host `rustc` toolchain with the `clippy` component"
                     );
                     eprintln!("help: try `rustup component add clippy`");
-                    crate::detail_exit_macro!(1);
+                    crate::exit!(1);
                 });
                 if !t!(std::str::from_utf8(&output.stdout)).contains("nightly") {
                     rustflags.arg("--cfg=bootstrap");
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/builder/tests.rs b/src/bootstrap/builder/tests.rs
index 31dcee58216..65b8f7fd3b7 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/builder/tests.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/builder/tests.rs
@@ -68,13 +68,17 @@ macro_rules! std {
 }
 
 macro_rules! doc_std {
-    ($host:ident => $target:ident, stage = $stage:literal) => {
+    ($host:ident => $target:ident, stage = $stage:literal) => {{
+        let config = configure("doc", &["A"], &["A"]);
+        let build = Build::new(config);
+        let builder = Builder::new(&build);
         doc::Std::new(
             $stage,
             TargetSelection::from_user(stringify!($target)),
+            &builder,
             DocumentationFormat::HTML,
         )
-    };
+    }};
 }
 
 macro_rules! rustc {
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/check.rs b/src/bootstrap/check.rs
index 1a0f0047812..9795f22e2b5 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/check.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/check.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
 //! Implementation of compiling the compiler and standard library, in "check"-based modes.
 
-use crate::builder::{crate_description, Builder, Kind, RunConfig, ShouldRun, Step};
+use crate::builder::{crate_description, Alias, Builder, Kind, RunConfig, ShouldRun, Step};
 use crate::cache::Interned;
-use crate::compile::{
-    add_to_sysroot, make_run_crates, run_cargo, rustc_cargo, rustc_cargo_env, std_cargo,
-};
+use crate::compile::{add_to_sysroot, run_cargo, rustc_cargo, rustc_cargo_env, std_cargo};
 use crate::config::TargetSelection;
 use crate::tool::{prepare_tool_cargo, SourceType};
 use crate::INTERNER;
@@ -89,7 +87,7 @@ impl Step for Std {
     }
 
     fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
-        let crates = make_run_crates(&run, "library");
+        let crates = run.make_run_crates(Alias::Library);
         run.builder.ensure(Std { target: run.target, crates });
     }
 
@@ -137,10 +135,11 @@ impl Step for Std {
             let hostdir = builder.sysroot_libdir(compiler, compiler.host);
             add_to_sysroot(&builder, &libdir, &hostdir, &libstd_stamp(builder, compiler, target));
         }
+        drop(_guard);
 
         // don't run on std twice with x.py clippy
         // don't check test dependencies if we haven't built libtest
-        if builder.kind == Kind::Clippy || !self.crates.is_empty() {
+        if builder.kind == Kind::Clippy || !self.crates.iter().any(|krate| krate == "test") {
             return;
         }
 
@@ -200,10 +199,11 @@ pub struct Rustc {
 
 impl Rustc {
     pub fn new(target: TargetSelection, builder: &Builder<'_>) -> Self {
-        let mut crates = vec![];
-        for krate in builder.in_tree_crates("rustc-main", None) {
-            crates.push(krate.name.to_string());
-        }
+        let crates = builder
+            .in_tree_crates("rustc-main", Some(target))
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|krate| krate.name.to_string())
+            .collect();
         Self { target, crates: INTERNER.intern_list(crates) }
     }
 }
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ impl Step for Rustc {
     }
 
     fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
-        let crates = make_run_crates(&run, "compiler");
+        let crates = run.make_run_crates(Alias::Compiler);
         run.builder.ensure(Rustc { target: run.target, crates });
     }
 
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/clean.rs b/src/bootstrap/clean.rs
index c1d867a0bd1..ea8334eaeb6 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/clean.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/clean.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,9 @@ impl Step for CleanAll {
     }
 
     fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) -> Self::Output {
-        let Subcommand::Clean { all, .. } = builder.config.cmd else { unreachable!("wrong subcommand?") };
+        let Subcommand::Clean { all, .. } = builder.config.cmd else {
+            unreachable!("wrong subcommand?")
+        };
         clean_default(builder.build, all)
     }
 
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/compile.rs b/src/bootstrap/compile.rs
index caa7417011e..f3d95b57a76 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/compile.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/compile.rs
@@ -55,17 +55,6 @@ impl Std {
     }
 }
 
-/// Given an `alias` selected by the `Step` and the paths passed on the command line,
-/// return a list of the crates that should be built.
-///
-/// Normally, people will pass *just* `library` if they pass it.
-/// But it's possible (although strange) to pass something like `library std core`.
-/// Build all crates anyway, as if they hadn't passed the other args.
-pub(crate) fn make_run_crates(run: &RunConfig<'_>, alias: &str) -> Interned<Vec<String>> {
-    let has_alias = run.paths.iter().any(|set| set.assert_single_path().path.ends_with(alias));
-    if has_alias { Default::default() } else { run.cargo_crates_in_set() }
-}
-
 impl Step for Std {
     type Output = ();
     const DEFAULT: bool = true;
@@ -80,10 +69,15 @@ impl Step for Std {
     }
 
     fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
+        // If the paths include "library", build the entire standard library.
+        let has_alias =
+            run.paths.iter().any(|set| set.assert_single_path().path.ends_with("library"));
+        let crates = if has_alias { Default::default() } else { run.cargo_crates_in_set() };
+
         run.builder.ensure(Std {
             compiler: run.builder.compiler(run.builder.top_stage, run.build_triple()),
             target: run.target,
-            crates: make_run_crates(&run, "library"),
+            crates,
             force_recompile: false,
         });
     }
@@ -228,13 +222,6 @@ fn copy_third_party_objects(
 ) -> Vec<(PathBuf, DependencyType)> {
     let mut target_deps = vec![];
 
-    // FIXME: remove this in 2021
-    if target == "x86_64-fortanix-unknown-sgx" {
-        if env::var_os("X86_FORTANIX_SGX_LIBS").is_some() {
-            builder.info("Warning: X86_FORTANIX_SGX_LIBS environment variable is ignored, libunwind is now compiled as part of rustbuild");
-        }
-    }
-
     if builder.config.sanitizers_enabled(target) && compiler.stage != 0 {
         // The sanitizers are only copied in stage1 or above,
         // to avoid creating dependency on LLVM.
@@ -1826,7 +1813,7 @@ pub fn run_cargo(
     });
 
     if !ok {
-        crate::detail_exit_macro!(1);
+        crate::exit!(1);
     }
 
     // Ok now we need to actually find all the files listed in `toplevel`. We've
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/config.rs b/src/bootstrap/config.rs
index 34853743323..856a73a22b5 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/config.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/config.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ use crate::channel::{self, GitInfo};
 pub use crate::flags::Subcommand;
 use crate::flags::{Color, Flags, Warnings};
 use crate::util::{exe, output, t};
-use build_helper::detail_exit_macro;
+use build_helper::exit;
 use once_cell::sync::OnceCell;
 use semver::Version;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Deserializer};
@@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ macro_rules! define_config {
                                         panic!("overriding existing option")
                                     } else {
                                         eprintln!("overriding existing option: `{}`", stringify!($field));
-                                        detail_exit_macro!(2);
+                                        exit!(2);
                                     }
                                 } else {
                                     self.$field = other.$field;
@@ -745,7 +745,7 @@ impl<T> Merge for Option<T> {
                             panic!("overriding existing option")
                         } else {
                             eprintln!("overriding existing option");
-                            detail_exit_macro!(2);
+                            exit!(2);
                         }
                     } else {
                         *self = other;
@@ -1101,7 +1101,7 @@ impl Config {
                 .and_then(|table: toml::Value| TomlConfig::deserialize(table))
                 .unwrap_or_else(|err| {
                     eprintln!("failed to parse TOML configuration '{}': {err}", file.display());
-                    detail_exit_macro!(2);
+                    exit!(2);
                 })
         }
         Self::parse_inner(args, get_toml)
@@ -1135,7 +1135,7 @@ impl Config {
             eprintln!(
                 "Cannot use both `llvm_bolt_profile_generate` and `llvm_bolt_profile_use` at the same time"
             );
-            detail_exit_macro!(1);
+            exit!(1);
         }
 
         // Infer the rest of the configuration.
@@ -1259,7 +1259,7 @@ impl Config {
                 }
             }
             eprintln!("failed to parse override `{option}`: `{err}");
-            detail_exit_macro!(2)
+            exit!(2)
         }
         toml.merge(override_toml, ReplaceOpt::Override);
 
@@ -1742,6 +1742,18 @@ impl Config {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Runs a command, printing out nice contextual information if it fails.
+    /// Exits if the command failed to execute at all, otherwise returns its
+    /// `status.success()`.
+    #[deprecated = "use `Builder::try_run` instead where possible"]
+    pub(crate) fn try_run(&self, cmd: &mut Command) -> Result<(), ()> {
+        if self.dry_run() {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        self.verbose(&format!("running: {:?}", cmd));
+        build_helper::util::try_run(cmd, self.is_verbose())
+    }
+
     /// A git invocation which runs inside the source directory.
     ///
     /// Use this rather than `Command::new("git")` in order to support out-of-tree builds.
@@ -2007,7 +2019,7 @@ impl Config {
                 "Unexpected rustc version: {}, we should use {}/{} to build source with {}",
                 rustc_version, prev_version, source_version, source_version
             );
-            detail_exit_macro!(1);
+            exit!(1);
         }
     }
 
@@ -2043,7 +2055,7 @@ impl Config {
             println!("help: maybe your repository history is too shallow?");
             println!("help: consider disabling `download-rustc`");
             println!("help: or fetch enough history to include one upstream commit");
-            crate::detail_exit_macro!(1);
+            crate::exit!(1);
         }
 
         // Warn if there were changes to the compiler or standard library since the ancestor commit.
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/configure.py b/src/bootstrap/configure.py
index e8eebdfb5a5..a7beb2a1767 100755
--- a/src/bootstrap/configure.py
+++ b/src/bootstrap/configure.py
@@ -550,6 +550,8 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     # If 'config.toml' already exists, exit the script at this point
     quit_if_file_exists('config.toml')
 
+    if "GITHUB_ACTIONS" in os.environ:
+        print("::group::Configure the build")
     p("processing command line")
     # Parse all known arguments into a configuration structure that reflects the
     # TOML we're going to write out
@@ -572,3 +574,5 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
 
     p("")
     p("run `python {}/x.py --help`".format(rust_dir))
+    if "GITHUB_ACTIONS" in os.environ:
+        print("::endgroup::")
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/dist.rs b/src/bootstrap/dist.rs
index b34a4b2dc63..8c71b7f7fc2 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/dist.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/dist.rs
@@ -106,7 +106,12 @@ impl Step for JsonDocs {
     /// Builds the `rust-docs-json` installer component.
     fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) -> Option<GeneratedTarball> {
         let host = self.host;
-        builder.ensure(crate::doc::Std::new(builder.top_stage, host, DocumentationFormat::JSON));
+        builder.ensure(crate::doc::Std::new(
+            builder.top_stage,
+            host,
+            builder,
+            DocumentationFormat::JSON,
+        ));
 
         let dest = "share/doc/rust/json";
 
@@ -897,7 +902,9 @@ impl Step for Src {
 
     /// Creates the `rust-src` installer component
     fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) -> GeneratedTarball {
-        builder.update_submodule(&Path::new("src/llvm-project"));
+        if !builder.config.dry_run() {
+            builder.update_submodule(&Path::new("src/llvm-project"));
+        }
 
         let tarball = Tarball::new_targetless(builder, "rust-src");
 
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/doc.rs b/src/bootstrap/doc.rs
index 5ebfe0995a8..e58f736d67f 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/doc.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/doc.rs
@@ -11,10 +11,9 @@ use std::fs;
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 
 use crate::builder::crate_description;
-use crate::builder::{Builder, Compiler, Kind, RunConfig, ShouldRun, Step};
+use crate::builder::{Alias, Builder, Compiler, Kind, RunConfig, ShouldRun, Step};
 use crate::cache::{Interned, INTERNER};
 use crate::compile;
-use crate::compile::make_run_crates;
 use crate::config::{Config, TargetSelection};
 use crate::tool::{self, prepare_tool_cargo, SourceType, Tool};
 use crate::util::{symlink_dir, t, up_to_date};
@@ -221,8 +220,11 @@ impl Step for TheBook {
         // build the version info page and CSS
         let shared_assets = builder.ensure(SharedAssets { target });
 
+        // build the command first so we don't nest GHA groups
+        builder.rustdoc_cmd(compiler);
+
         // build the redirect pages
-        builder.msg_doc(compiler, "book redirect pages", target);
+        let _guard = builder.msg_doc(compiler, "book redirect pages", target);
         for file in t!(fs::read_dir(builder.src.join(&relative_path).join("redirects"))) {
             let file = t!(file);
             let path = file.path();
@@ -306,7 +308,7 @@ impl Step for Standalone {
     fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
         let target = self.target;
         let compiler = self.compiler;
-        builder.msg_doc(compiler, "standalone", target);
+        let _guard = builder.msg_doc(compiler, "standalone", target);
         let out = builder.doc_out(target);
         t!(fs::create_dir_all(&out));
 
@@ -424,8 +426,18 @@ pub struct Std {
 }
 
 impl Std {
-    pub(crate) fn new(stage: u32, target: TargetSelection, format: DocumentationFormat) -> Self {
-        Std { stage, target, format, crates: INTERNER.intern_list(vec![]) }
+    pub(crate) fn new(
+        stage: u32,
+        target: TargetSelection,
+        builder: &Builder<'_>,
+        format: DocumentationFormat,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let crates = builder
+            .in_tree_crates("sysroot", Some(target))
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|krate| krate.name.to_string())
+            .collect();
+        Std { stage, target, format, crates: INTERNER.intern_list(crates) }
     }
 }
 
@@ -447,7 +459,7 @@ impl Step for Std {
             } else {
                 DocumentationFormat::HTML
             },
-            crates: make_run_crates(&run, "library"),
+            crates: run.make_run_crates(Alias::Library),
         });
     }
 
@@ -455,7 +467,7 @@ impl Step for Std {
     ///
     /// This will generate all documentation for the standard library and its
     /// dependencies. This is largely just a wrapper around `cargo doc`.
-    fn run(mut self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
+    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
         let stage = self.stage;
         let target = self.target;
         let out = match self.format {
@@ -493,20 +505,17 @@ impl Step for Std {
             return;
         }
 
-        // Look for library/std, library/core etc in the `x.py doc` arguments and
-        // open the corresponding rendered docs.
-        if self.crates.is_empty() {
-            self.crates = INTERNER.intern_list(vec!["library".to_owned()]);
-        };
-
-        for requested_crate in &*self.crates {
-            if requested_crate == "library" {
-                // For `x.py doc library --open`, open `std` by default.
-                let index = out.join("std").join("index.html");
-                builder.open_in_browser(index);
-            } else if STD_PUBLIC_CRATES.iter().any(|&k| k == requested_crate) {
-                let index = out.join(requested_crate).join("index.html");
-                builder.open_in_browser(index);
+        if builder.paths.iter().any(|path| path.ends_with("library")) {
+            // For `x.py doc library --open`, open `std` by default.
+            let index = out.join("std").join("index.html");
+            builder.open_in_browser(index);
+        } else {
+            for requested_crate in &*self.crates {
+                if STD_PUBLIC_CRATES.iter().any(|&k| k == requested_crate) {
+                    let index = out.join(requested_crate).join("index.html");
+                    builder.open_in_browser(index);
+                    break;
+                }
             }
         }
     }
@@ -539,9 +548,6 @@ impl DocumentationFormat {
 }
 
 /// Build the documentation for public standard library crates.
-///
-/// `requested_crates` can be used to build only a subset of the crates. If empty, all crates will
-/// be built.
 fn doc_std(
     builder: &Builder<'_>,
     format: DocumentationFormat,
@@ -560,10 +566,6 @@ fn doc_std(
 
     let compiler = builder.compiler(stage, builder.config.build);
 
-    let description =
-        format!("library{} in {} format", crate_description(&requested_crates), format.as_str());
-    let _guard = builder.msg_doc(compiler, &description, target);
-
     let target_doc_dir_name = if format == DocumentationFormat::JSON { "json-doc" } else { "doc" };
     let target_dir =
         builder.stage_out(compiler, Mode::Std).join(target.triple).join(target_doc_dir_name);
@@ -592,22 +594,18 @@ fn doc_std(
         cargo.rustdocflag("--document-private-items").rustdocflag("--document-hidden-items");
     }
 
-    // HACK: because we use `--manifest-path library/sysroot/Cargo.toml`, cargo thinks we only want to document that specific crate, not its dependencies.
-    // Override its default.
-    let built_crates = if requested_crates.is_empty() {
-        builder
-            .in_tree_crates("sysroot", None)
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(|krate| krate.name.to_string())
-            .collect()
-    } else {
-        requested_crates.to_vec()
-    };
-
-    for krate in built_crates {
+    for krate in requested_crates {
+        if krate == "sysroot" {
+            // The sysroot crate is an implementation detail, don't include it in public docs.
+            continue;
+        }
         cargo.arg("-p").arg(krate);
     }
 
+    let description =
+        format!("library{} in {} format", crate_description(&requested_crates), format.as_str());
+    let _guard = builder.msg_doc(compiler, &description, target);
+
     builder.run(&mut cargo.into());
     builder.cp_r(&out_dir, &out);
 }
@@ -621,20 +619,10 @@ pub struct Rustc {
 
 impl Rustc {
     pub(crate) fn new(stage: u32, target: TargetSelection, builder: &Builder<'_>) -> Self {
-        // Find dependencies for top level crates.
-        let root_crates = vec![
-            INTERNER.intern_str("rustc_driver"),
-            INTERNER.intern_str("rustc_codegen_llvm"),
-            INTERNER.intern_str("rustc_codegen_ssa"),
-        ];
-        let crates: Vec<_> = root_crates
-            .iter()
-            .flat_map(|krate| {
-                builder
-                    .in_tree_crates(krate, Some(target))
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .map(|krate| krate.name.to_string())
-            })
+        let crates = builder
+            .in_tree_crates("rustc-main", Some(target))
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|krate| krate.name.to_string())
             .collect();
         Self { stage, target, crates: INTERNER.intern_list(crates) }
     }
@@ -656,7 +644,7 @@ impl Step for Rustc {
         run.builder.ensure(Rustc {
             stage: run.builder.top_stage,
             target: run.target,
-            crates: make_run_crates(&run, "compiler"),
+            crates: run.make_run_crates(Alias::Compiler),
         });
     }
 
@@ -666,7 +654,7 @@ impl Step for Rustc {
     /// Compiler documentation is distributed separately, so we make sure
     /// we do not merge it with the other documentation from std, test and
     /// proc_macros. This is largely just a wrapper around `cargo doc`.
-    fn run(mut self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
+    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
         let stage = self.stage;
         let target = self.target;
 
@@ -726,24 +714,26 @@ impl Step for Rustc {
 
         let mut to_open = None;
 
-        if self.crates.is_empty() {
-            self.crates = INTERNER.intern_list(vec!["rustc_driver".to_owned()]);
-        };
-
         for krate in &*self.crates {
             // Create all crate output directories first to make sure rustdoc uses
             // relative links.
             // FIXME: Cargo should probably do this itself.
-            t!(fs::create_dir_all(out_dir.join(krate)));
+            let dir_name = krate.replace("-", "_");
+            t!(fs::create_dir_all(out_dir.join(&*dir_name)));
             cargo.arg("-p").arg(krate);
             if to_open.is_none() {
-                to_open = Some(krate);
+                to_open = Some(dir_name);
             }
         }
 
         builder.run(&mut cargo.into());
-        // Let's open the first crate documentation page:
-        if let Some(krate) = to_open {
+
+        if builder.paths.iter().any(|path| path.ends_with("compiler")) {
+            // For `x.py doc compiler --open`, open `rustc_middle` by default.
+            let index = out.join("rustc_middle").join("index.html");
+            builder.open_in_browser(index);
+        } else if let Some(krate) = to_open {
+            // Let's open the first crate documentation page:
             let index = out.join(krate).join("index.html");
             builder.open_in_browser(index);
         }
@@ -812,8 +802,6 @@ macro_rules! tool_doc {
                     SourceType::Submodule
                 };
 
-                builder.msg_doc(compiler, stringify!($tool).to_lowercase(), target);
-
                 // Symlink compiler docs to the output directory of rustdoc documentation.
                 let out_dirs = [
                     builder.stage_out(compiler, Mode::ToolRustc).join(target.triple).join("doc"),
@@ -852,6 +840,8 @@ macro_rules! tool_doc {
                 cargo.rustdocflag("--show-type-layout");
                 cargo.rustdocflag("--generate-link-to-definition");
                 cargo.rustdocflag("-Zunstable-options");
+
+                let _guard = builder.msg_doc(compiler, stringify!($tool).to_lowercase(), target);
                 builder.run(&mut cargo.into());
             }
         }
@@ -1073,7 +1063,16 @@ impl Step for RustcBook {
         // config.toml), then this needs to explicitly update the dylib search
         // path.
         builder.add_rustc_lib_path(self.compiler, &mut cmd);
+        let doc_generator_guard = builder.msg(
+            Kind::Run,
+            self.compiler.stage,
+            "lint-docs",
+            self.compiler.host,
+            self.target,
+        );
         builder.run(&mut cmd);
+        drop(doc_generator_guard);
+
         // Run rustbook/mdbook to generate the HTML pages.
         builder.ensure(RustbookSrc {
             target: self.target,
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/download.rs b/src/bootstrap/download.rs
index eb1941cd889..1316461fde0 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/download.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/download.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use std::{
     process::{Command, Stdio},
 };
 
-use build_helper::util::try_run;
+use build_helper::ci::CiEnv;
 use once_cell::sync::OnceCell;
 use xz2::bufread::XzDecoder;
 
@@ -21,6 +21,12 @@ use crate::{
 
 static SHOULD_FIX_BINS_AND_DYLIBS: OnceCell<bool> = OnceCell::new();
 
+/// `Config::try_run` wrapper for this module to avoid warnings on `try_run`, since we don't have access to a `builder` yet.
+fn try_run(config: &Config, cmd: &mut Command) -> Result<(), ()> {
+    #[allow(deprecated)]
+    config.try_run(cmd)
+}
+
 /// Generic helpers that are useful anywhere in bootstrap.
 impl Config {
     pub fn is_verbose(&self) -> bool {
@@ -52,17 +58,6 @@ impl Config {
     }
 
     /// Runs a command, printing out nice contextual information if it fails.
-    /// Exits if the command failed to execute at all, otherwise returns its
-    /// `status.success()`.
-    pub(crate) fn try_run(&self, cmd: &mut Command) -> Result<(), ()> {
-        if self.dry_run() {
-            return Ok(());
-        }
-        self.verbose(&format!("running: {:?}", cmd));
-        try_run(cmd, self.is_verbose())
-    }
-
-    /// Runs a command, printing out nice contextual information if it fails.
     /// Returns false if do not execute at all, otherwise returns its
     /// `status.success()`.
     pub(crate) fn check_run(&self, cmd: &mut Command) -> bool {
@@ -156,14 +151,16 @@ impl Config {
                 ];
             }
             ";
-            nix_build_succeeded = self
-                .try_run(Command::new("nix-build").args(&[
+            nix_build_succeeded = try_run(
+                self,
+                Command::new("nix-build").args(&[
                     Path::new("-E"),
                     Path::new(NIX_EXPR),
                     Path::new("-o"),
                     &nix_deps_dir,
-                ]))
-                .is_ok();
+                ]),
+            )
+            .is_ok();
             nix_deps_dir
         });
         if !nix_build_succeeded {
@@ -188,7 +185,7 @@ impl Config {
             patchelf.args(&["--set-interpreter", dynamic_linker.trim_end()]);
         }
 
-        let _ = self.try_run(patchelf.arg(fname));
+        let _ = try_run(self, patchelf.arg(fname));
     }
 
     fn download_file(&self, url: &str, dest_path: &Path, help_on_error: &str) {
@@ -213,7 +210,6 @@ impl Config {
         // Try curl. If that fails and we are on windows, fallback to PowerShell.
         let mut curl = Command::new("curl");
         curl.args(&[
-            "-#",
             "-y",
             "30",
             "-Y",
@@ -224,6 +220,12 @@ impl Config {
             "3",
             "-SRf",
         ]);
+        // Don't print progress in CI; the \r wrapping looks bad and downloads don't take long enough for progress to be useful.
+        if CiEnv::is_ci() {
+            curl.arg("-s");
+        } else {
+            curl.arg("--progress-bar");
+        }
         curl.arg(url);
         let f = File::create(tempfile).unwrap();
         curl.stdout(Stdio::from(f));
@@ -231,7 +233,7 @@ impl Config {
             if self.build.contains("windows-msvc") {
                 eprintln!("Fallback to PowerShell");
                 for _ in 0..3 {
-                    if self.try_run(Command::new("PowerShell.exe").args(&[
+                    if try_run(self, Command::new("PowerShell.exe").args(&[
                         "/nologo",
                         "-Command",
                         "[Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12;",
@@ -248,7 +250,7 @@ impl Config {
             if !help_on_error.is_empty() {
                 eprintln!("{}", help_on_error);
             }
-            crate::detail_exit_macro!(1);
+            crate::exit!(1);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/flags.rs b/src/bootstrap/flags.rs
index a882336c3c4..d67aafff841 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/flags.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/flags.rs
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ impl Flags {
             } else {
                 panic!("No paths available for subcommand `{}`", subcommand.as_str());
             }
-            crate::detail_exit_macro!(0);
+            crate::exit!(0);
         }
 
         Flags::parse_from(it)
@@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ pub fn get_completion<G: clap_complete::Generator>(shell: G, path: &Path) -> Opt
     } else {
         std::fs::read_to_string(path).unwrap_or_else(|_| {
             eprintln!("couldn't read {}", path.display());
-            crate::detail_exit_macro!(1)
+            crate::exit!(1)
         })
     };
     let mut buf = Vec::new();
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/format.rs b/src/bootstrap/format.rs
index ebf068b2cb1..cfc9c4de60f 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/format.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/format.rs
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ fn rustfmt(src: &Path, rustfmt: &Path, paths: &[PathBuf], check: bool) -> impl F
                         code, run `./x.py fmt` instead.",
                 cmd_debug,
             );
-            crate::detail_exit_macro!(1);
+            crate::exit!(1);
         }
         true
     }
@@ -66,13 +66,17 @@ fn get_rustfmt_version(build: &Builder<'_>) -> Option<(String, PathBuf)> {
 
 /// Return whether the format cache can be reused.
 fn verify_rustfmt_version(build: &Builder<'_>) -> bool {
-    let Some((version, stamp_file)) = get_rustfmt_version(build) else {return false;};
+    let Some((version, stamp_file)) = get_rustfmt_version(build) else {
+        return false;
+    };
     !program_out_of_date(&stamp_file, &version)
 }
 
 /// Updates the last rustfmt version used
 fn update_rustfmt_version(build: &Builder<'_>) {
-    let Some((version, stamp_file)) = get_rustfmt_version(build) else {return;};
+    let Some((version, stamp_file)) = get_rustfmt_version(build) else {
+        return;
+    };
     t!(std::fs::write(stamp_file, version))
 }
 
@@ -196,7 +200,7 @@ pub fn format(build: &Builder<'_>, check: bool, paths: &[PathBuf]) {
 
     let rustfmt_path = build.initial_rustfmt().unwrap_or_else(|| {
         eprintln!("./x.py fmt is not supported on this channel");
-        crate::detail_exit_macro!(1);
+        crate::exit!(1);
     });
     assert!(rustfmt_path.exists(), "{}", rustfmt_path.display());
     let src = build.src.clone();
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/lib.rs b/src/bootstrap/lib.rs
index 0b509132043..de43a401926 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/lib.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/lib.rs
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ use std::process::{Command, Stdio};
 use std::str;
 
 use build_helper::ci::{gha, CiEnv};
-use build_helper::detail_exit_macro;
+use build_helper::exit;
 use channel::GitInfo;
 use config::{DryRun, Target};
 use filetime::FileTime;
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ pub enum GitRepo {
 /// although most functions are implemented as free functions rather than
 /// methods specifically on this structure itself (to make it easier to
 /// organize).
-#[cfg_attr(not(feature = "build-metrics"), derive(Clone))]
+#[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct Build {
     /// User-specified configuration from `config.toml`.
     config: Config,
@@ -333,7 +333,6 @@ forward! {
     create(path: &Path, s: &str),
     remove(f: &Path),
     tempdir() -> PathBuf,
-    try_run(cmd: &mut Command) -> Result<(), ()>,
     llvm_link_shared() -> bool,
     download_rustc() -> bool,
     initial_rustfmt() -> Option<PathBuf>,
@@ -617,7 +616,9 @@ impl Build {
         }
 
         // Save any local changes, but avoid running `git stash pop` if there are none (since it will exit with an error).
+        #[allow(deprecated)] // diff-index reports the modifications through the exit status
         let has_local_modifications = self
+            .config
             .try_run(
                 Command::new("git")
                     .args(&["diff-index", "--quiet", "HEAD"])
@@ -711,7 +712,7 @@ impl Build {
             for failure in failures.iter() {
                 eprintln!("  - {}\n", failure);
             }
-            detail_exit_macro!(1);
+            exit!(1);
         }
 
         #[cfg(feature = "build-metrics")]
@@ -971,12 +972,36 @@ impl Build {
     /// Runs a command, printing out nice contextual information if it fails.
     /// Exits if the command failed to execute at all, otherwise returns its
     /// `status.success()`.
-    fn try_run_quiet(&self, cmd: &mut Command) -> bool {
+    fn run_quiet_delaying_failure(&self, cmd: &mut Command) -> bool {
         if self.config.dry_run() {
             return true;
         }
-        self.verbose(&format!("running: {:?}", cmd));
-        try_run_suppressed(cmd)
+        if !self.fail_fast {
+            self.verbose(&format!("running: {:?}", cmd));
+            if !try_run_suppressed(cmd) {
+                let mut failures = self.delayed_failures.borrow_mut();
+                failures.push(format!("{:?}", cmd));
+                return false;
+            }
+        } else {
+            self.run_quiet(cmd);
+        }
+        true
+    }
+
+    /// Runs a command, printing out contextual info if it fails, and delaying errors until the build finishes.
+    pub(crate) fn run_delaying_failure(&self, cmd: &mut Command) -> bool {
+        if !self.fail_fast {
+            #[allow(deprecated)] // can't use Build::try_run, that's us
+            if self.config.try_run(cmd).is_err() {
+                let mut failures = self.delayed_failures.borrow_mut();
+                failures.push(format!("{:?}", cmd));
+                return false;
+            }
+        } else {
+            self.run(cmd);
+        }
+        true
     }
 
     pub fn is_verbose_than(&self, level: usize) -> bool {
@@ -999,6 +1024,8 @@ impl Build {
         }
     }
 
+    #[must_use = "Groups should not be dropped until the Step finishes running"]
+    #[track_caller]
     fn msg_check(
         &self,
         what: impl Display,
@@ -1007,6 +1034,8 @@ impl Build {
         self.msg(Kind::Check, self.config.stage, what, self.config.build, target)
     }
 
+    #[must_use = "Groups should not be dropped until the Step finishes running"]
+    #[track_caller]
     fn msg_doc(
         &self,
         compiler: Compiler,
@@ -1016,6 +1045,8 @@ impl Build {
         self.msg(Kind::Doc, compiler.stage, what, compiler.host, target.into())
     }
 
+    #[must_use = "Groups should not be dropped until the Step finishes running"]
+    #[track_caller]
     fn msg_build(
         &self,
         compiler: Compiler,
@@ -1028,6 +1059,8 @@ impl Build {
     /// Return a `Group` guard for a [`Step`] that is built for each `--stage`.
     ///
     /// [`Step`]: crate::builder::Step
+    #[must_use = "Groups should not be dropped until the Step finishes running"]
+    #[track_caller]
     fn msg(
         &self,
         action: impl Into<Kind>,
@@ -1054,6 +1087,8 @@ impl Build {
     /// Return a `Group` guard for a [`Step`] that is only built once and isn't affected by `--stage`.
     ///
     /// [`Step`]: crate::builder::Step
+    #[must_use = "Groups should not be dropped until the Step finishes running"]
+    #[track_caller]
     fn msg_unstaged(
         &self,
         action: impl Into<Kind>,
@@ -1065,6 +1100,8 @@ impl Build {
         self.group(&msg)
     }
 
+    #[must_use = "Groups should not be dropped until the Step finishes running"]
+    #[track_caller]
     fn msg_sysroot_tool(
         &self,
         action: impl Into<Kind>,
@@ -1083,6 +1120,7 @@ impl Build {
         self.group(&msg)
     }
 
+    #[track_caller]
     fn group(&self, msg: &str) -> Option<gha::Group> {
         match self.config.dry_run {
             DryRun::SelfCheck => None,
@@ -1502,6 +1540,7 @@ impl Build {
                 }
             }
         }
+        ret.sort_unstable_by_key(|krate| krate.name); // reproducible order needed for tests
         ret
     }
 
@@ -1515,7 +1554,7 @@ impl Build {
                 "Error: Unable to find the stamp file {}, did you try to keep a nonexistent build stage?",
                 stamp.display()
             );
-            crate::detail_exit_macro!(1);
+            crate::exit!(1);
         }
 
         let mut paths = Vec::new();
@@ -1707,7 +1746,7 @@ Alternatively, set `download-ci-llvm = true` in that `[llvm]` section
 to download LLVM rather than building it.
 "
                 );
-                detail_exit_macro!(1);
+                exit!(1);
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/metrics.rs b/src/bootstrap/metrics.rs
index b73df7fe822..cf8d33dfcb0 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/metrics.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/metrics.rs
@@ -40,6 +40,13 @@ pub(crate) struct BuildMetrics {
     state: RefCell<MetricsState>,
 }
 
+/// NOTE: this isn't really cloning anything, but `x suggest` doesn't need metrics so this is probably ok.
+impl Clone for BuildMetrics {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Self::init()
+    }
+}
+
 impl BuildMetrics {
     pub(crate) fn init() -> Self {
         let state = RefCell::new(MetricsState {
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/render_tests.rs b/src/bootstrap/render_tests.rs
index ccd067053ef..6802bf4511b 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/render_tests.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/render_tests.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ pub(crate) fn try_run_tests(builder: &Builder<'_>, cmd: &mut Command, stream: bo
 
     if !run_tests(builder, cmd, stream) {
         if builder.fail_fast {
-            crate::detail_exit_macro!(1);
+            crate::exit!(1);
         } else {
             let mut failures = builder.delayed_failures.borrow_mut();
             failures.push(format!("{cmd:?}"));
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/run.rs b/src/bootstrap/run.rs
index 70b91700043..4082f5bb9b1 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/run.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/run.rs
@@ -24,8 +24,7 @@ impl Step for ExpandYamlAnchors {
     /// anchors in them, since GitHub Actions doesn't support them.
     fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
         builder.info("Expanding YAML anchors in the GitHub Actions configuration");
-        try_run(
-            builder,
+        builder.run_delaying_failure(
             &mut builder.tool_cmd(Tool::ExpandYamlAnchors).arg("generate").arg(&builder.src),
         );
     }
@@ -39,19 +38,6 @@ impl Step for ExpandYamlAnchors {
     }
 }
 
-fn try_run(builder: &Builder<'_>, cmd: &mut Command) -> bool {
-    if !builder.fail_fast {
-        if builder.try_run(cmd).is_err() {
-            let mut failures = builder.delayed_failures.borrow_mut();
-            failures.push(format!("{:?}", cmd));
-            return false;
-        }
-    } else {
-        builder.run(cmd);
-    }
-    true
-}
-
 #[derive(Debug, PartialOrd, Ord, Copy, Clone, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct BuildManifest;
 
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/sanity.rs b/src/bootstrap/sanity.rs
index 8f5ba42736b..9321fc1bcb8 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/sanity.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/sanity.rs
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ You should install cmake, or set `download-ci-llvm = true` in the
 than building it.
 "
             );
-            crate::detail_exit_macro!(1);
+            crate::exit!(1);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/setup.rs b/src/bootstrap/setup.rs
index 34c6ccf1365..2075c58598d 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/setup.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/setup.rs
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ fn setup_config_toml(path: &PathBuf, profile: Profile, config: &Config) {
             "note: this will use the configuration in {}",
             profile.include_path(&config.src).display()
         );
-        crate::detail_exit_macro!(1);
+        crate::exit!(1);
     }
 
     let settings = format!(
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ pub fn interactive_path() -> io::Result<Profile> {
         io::stdin().read_line(&mut input)?;
         if input.is_empty() {
             eprintln!("EOF on stdin, when expecting answer to question.  Giving up.");
-            crate::detail_exit_macro!(1);
+            crate::exit!(1);
         }
         break match parse_with_abbrev(&input) {
             Ok(profile) => profile,
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/suggest.rs b/src/bootstrap/suggest.rs
index ff20ebec267..f225104bda9 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/suggest.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/suggest.rs
@@ -4,18 +4,11 @@ use std::str::FromStr;
 
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 
-use crate::{
-    builder::{Builder, Kind},
-    tool::Tool,
-};
+use clap::Parser;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "build-metrics")]
-pub fn suggest(builder: &Builder<'_>, run: bool) {
-    panic!("`x suggest` is not supported with `build-metrics`")
-}
+use crate::{builder::Builder, tool::Tool};
 
 /// Suggests a list of possible `x.py` commands to run based on modified files in branch.
-#[cfg(not(feature = "build-metrics"))]
 pub fn suggest(builder: &Builder<'_>, run: bool) {
     let suggestions =
         builder.tool_cmd(Tool::SuggestTests).output().expect("failed to run `suggest-tests` tool");
@@ -67,12 +60,13 @@ pub fn suggest(builder: &Builder<'_>, run: bool) {
 
     if run {
         for sug in suggestions {
-            let mut build = builder.build.clone();
-
-            let builder =
-                Builder::new_standalone(&mut build, Kind::parse(&sug.0).unwrap(), sug.2, sug.1);
-
-            builder.execute_cli()
+            let mut build: crate::Build = builder.build.clone();
+            build.config.paths = sug.2;
+            build.config.cmd = crate::flags::Flags::parse_from(["x.py", sug.0]).cmd;
+            if let Some(stage) = sug.1 {
+                build.config.stage = stage;
+            }
+            build.build();
         }
     } else {
         println!("help: consider using the `--run` flag to automatically run suggested tests");
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/test.rs b/src/bootstrap/test.rs
index d7303427c3b..44b8c2d8c01 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/test.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/test.rs
@@ -48,32 +48,6 @@ const MIR_OPT_BLESS_TARGET_MAPPING: &[(&str, &str)] = &[
     // build for, so there is no entry for "aarch64-apple-darwin" here.
 ];
 
-fn try_run(builder: &Builder<'_>, cmd: &mut Command) -> bool {
-    if !builder.fail_fast {
-        if builder.try_run(cmd).is_err() {
-            let mut failures = builder.delayed_failures.borrow_mut();
-            failures.push(format!("{:?}", cmd));
-            return false;
-        }
-    } else {
-        builder.run(cmd);
-    }
-    true
-}
-
-fn try_run_quiet(builder: &Builder<'_>, cmd: &mut Command) -> bool {
-    if !builder.fail_fast {
-        if !builder.try_run_quiet(cmd) {
-            let mut failures = builder.delayed_failures.borrow_mut();
-            failures.push(format!("{:?}", cmd));
-            return false;
-        }
-    } else {
-        builder.run_quiet(cmd);
-    }
-    true
-}
-
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct CrateBootstrap {
     path: Interned<PathBuf>,
@@ -117,14 +91,8 @@ impl Step for CrateBootstrap {
             SourceType::InTree,
             &[],
         );
-        builder.info(&format!(
-            "{} {} stage0 ({})",
-            builder.kind.description(),
-            path,
-            bootstrap_host,
-        ));
         let crate_name = path.rsplit_once('/').unwrap().1;
-        run_cargo_test(cargo, &[], &[], crate_name, compiler, bootstrap_host, builder);
+        run_cargo_test(cargo, &[], &[], crate_name, crate_name, compiler, bootstrap_host, builder);
     }
 }
 
@@ -163,6 +131,7 @@ You can skip linkcheck with --exclude src/tools/linkchecker"
         // Test the linkchecker itself.
         let bootstrap_host = builder.config.build;
         let compiler = builder.compiler(0, bootstrap_host);
+
         let cargo = tool::prepare_tool_cargo(
             builder,
             compiler,
@@ -173,7 +142,16 @@ You can skip linkcheck with --exclude src/tools/linkchecker"
             SourceType::InTree,
             &[],
         );
-        run_cargo_test(cargo, &[], &[], "linkchecker", compiler, bootstrap_host, builder);
+        run_cargo_test(
+            cargo,
+            &[],
+            &[],
+            "linkchecker",
+            "linkchecker self tests",
+            compiler,
+            bootstrap_host,
+            builder,
+        );
 
         if builder.doc_tests == DocTests::No {
             return;
@@ -182,12 +160,14 @@ You can skip linkcheck with --exclude src/tools/linkchecker"
         // Build all the default documentation.
         builder.default_doc(&[]);
 
+        // Build the linkchecker before calling `msg`, since GHA doesn't support nested groups.
+        let mut linkchecker = builder.tool_cmd(Tool::Linkchecker);
+
         // Run the linkchecker.
+        let _guard =
+            builder.msg(Kind::Test, compiler.stage, "Linkcheck", bootstrap_host, bootstrap_host);
         let _time = util::timeit(&builder);
-        try_run(
-            builder,
-            builder.tool_cmd(Tool::Linkchecker).arg(builder.out.join(host.triple).join("doc")),
-        );
+        builder.run_delaying_failure(linkchecker.arg(builder.out.join(host.triple).join("doc")));
     }
 
     fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
@@ -240,7 +220,9 @@ impl Step for HtmlCheck {
         builder.default_doc(&[]);
         builder.ensure(crate::doc::Rustc::new(builder.top_stage, self.target, builder));
 
-        try_run(builder, builder.tool_cmd(Tool::HtmlChecker).arg(builder.doc_out(self.target)));
+        builder.run_delaying_failure(
+            builder.tool_cmd(Tool::HtmlChecker).arg(builder.doc_out(self.target)),
+        );
     }
 }
 
@@ -279,8 +261,7 @@ impl Step for Cargotest {
 
         let _time = util::timeit(&builder);
         let mut cmd = builder.tool_cmd(Tool::CargoTest);
-        try_run(
-            builder,
+        builder.run_delaying_failure(
             cmd.arg(&cargo)
                 .arg(&out_dir)
                 .args(builder.config.test_args())
@@ -406,7 +387,7 @@ impl Step for RustAnalyzer {
         cargo.env("SKIP_SLOW_TESTS", "1");
 
         cargo.add_rustc_lib_path(builder, compiler);
-        run_cargo_test(cargo, &[], &[], "rust-analyzer", compiler, host, builder);
+        run_cargo_test(cargo, &[], &[], "rust-analyzer", "rust-analyzer", compiler, host, builder);
     }
 }
 
@@ -455,7 +436,7 @@ impl Step for Rustfmt {
 
         cargo.add_rustc_lib_path(builder, compiler);
 
-        run_cargo_test(cargo, &[], &[], "rustfmt", compiler, host, builder);
+        run_cargo_test(cargo, &[], &[], "rustfmt", "rustfmt", compiler, host, builder);
     }
 }
 
@@ -503,7 +484,16 @@ impl Step for RustDemangler {
         cargo.env("RUST_DEMANGLER_DRIVER_PATH", rust_demangler);
         cargo.add_rustc_lib_path(builder, compiler);
 
-        run_cargo_test(cargo, &[], &[], "rust-demangler", compiler, host, builder);
+        run_cargo_test(
+            cargo,
+            &[],
+            &[],
+            "rust-demangler",
+            "rust-demangler",
+            compiler,
+            host,
+            builder,
+        );
     }
 }
 
@@ -547,6 +537,13 @@ impl Miri {
         cargo.env("RUST_BACKTRACE", "1");
 
         let mut cargo = Command::from(cargo);
+        let _guard = builder.msg(
+            Kind::Build,
+            compiler.stage + 1,
+            "miri sysroot",
+            compiler.host,
+            compiler.host,
+        );
         builder.run(&mut cargo);
 
         // # Determine where Miri put its sysroot.
@@ -624,6 +621,8 @@ impl Step for Miri {
             SourceType::InTree,
             &[],
         );
+        let _guard = builder.msg_sysroot_tool(Kind::Test, compiler.stage, "miri", host, host);
+
         cargo.add_rustc_lib_path(builder, compiler);
 
         // miri tests need to know about the stage sysroot
@@ -736,7 +735,16 @@ impl Step for CompiletestTest {
             &[],
         );
         cargo.allow_features("test");
-        run_cargo_test(cargo, &[], &[], "compiletest", compiler, host, builder);
+        run_cargo_test(
+            cargo,
+            &[],
+            &[],
+            "compiletest",
+            "compiletest self test",
+            compiler,
+            host,
+            builder,
+        );
     }
 }
 
@@ -792,13 +800,16 @@ impl Step for Clippy {
             cargo.env("BLESS", "Gesundheit");
         }
 
-        if builder.try_run(&mut cargo).is_ok() {
+        let _guard = builder.msg_sysroot_tool(Kind::Test, compiler.stage, "clippy", host, host);
+
+        #[allow(deprecated)] // Clippy reports errors if it blessed the outputs
+        if builder.config.try_run(&mut cargo).is_ok() {
             // The tests succeeded; nothing to do.
             return;
         }
 
         if !builder.config.cmd.bless() {
-            crate::detail_exit_macro!(1);
+            crate::exit!(1);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -852,7 +863,7 @@ impl Step for RustdocTheme {
                 util::lld_flag_no_threads(self.compiler.host.contains("windows")),
             );
         }
-        try_run(builder, &mut cmd);
+        builder.run_delaying_failure(&mut cmd);
     }
 }
 
@@ -867,7 +878,8 @@ impl Step for RustdocJSStd {
     const ONLY_HOSTS: bool = true;
 
     fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
-        run.suite_path("tests/rustdoc-js-std")
+        let default = run.builder.config.nodejs.is_some();
+        run.suite_path("tests/rustdoc-js-std").default_condition(default)
     }
 
     fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
@@ -875,38 +887,42 @@ impl Step for RustdocJSStd {
     }
 
     fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
-        if let Some(ref nodejs) = builder.config.nodejs {
-            let mut command = Command::new(nodejs);
-            command
-                .arg(builder.src.join("src/tools/rustdoc-js/tester.js"))
-                .arg("--crate-name")
-                .arg("std")
-                .arg("--resource-suffix")
-                .arg(&builder.version)
-                .arg("--doc-folder")
-                .arg(builder.doc_out(self.target))
-                .arg("--test-folder")
-                .arg(builder.src.join("tests/rustdoc-js-std"));
-            for path in &builder.paths {
-                if let Some(p) =
-                    util::is_valid_test_suite_arg(path, "tests/rustdoc-js-std", builder)
-                {
-                    if !p.ends_with(".js") {
-                        eprintln!("A non-js file was given: `{}`", path.display());
-                        panic!("Cannot run rustdoc-js-std tests");
-                    }
-                    command.arg("--test-file").arg(path);
+        let nodejs =
+            builder.config.nodejs.as_ref().expect("need nodejs to run rustdoc-js-std tests");
+        let mut command = Command::new(nodejs);
+        command
+            .arg(builder.src.join("src/tools/rustdoc-js/tester.js"))
+            .arg("--crate-name")
+            .arg("std")
+            .arg("--resource-suffix")
+            .arg(&builder.version)
+            .arg("--doc-folder")
+            .arg(builder.doc_out(self.target))
+            .arg("--test-folder")
+            .arg(builder.src.join("tests/rustdoc-js-std"));
+        for path in &builder.paths {
+            if let Some(p) = util::is_valid_test_suite_arg(path, "tests/rustdoc-js-std", builder) {
+                if !p.ends_with(".js") {
+                    eprintln!("A non-js file was given: `{}`", path.display());
+                    panic!("Cannot run rustdoc-js-std tests");
                 }
+                command.arg("--test-file").arg(path);
             }
-            builder.ensure(crate::doc::Std::new(
-                builder.top_stage,
-                self.target,
-                DocumentationFormat::HTML,
-            ));
-            builder.run(&mut command);
-        } else {
-            builder.info("No nodejs found, skipping \"tests/rustdoc-js-std\" tests");
         }
+        builder.ensure(crate::doc::Std::new(
+            builder.top_stage,
+            self.target,
+            builder,
+            DocumentationFormat::HTML,
+        ));
+        let _guard = builder.msg(
+            Kind::Test,
+            builder.top_stage,
+            "rustdoc-js-std",
+            builder.config.build,
+            self.target,
+        );
+        builder.run(&mut command);
     }
 }
 
@@ -922,7 +938,8 @@ impl Step for RustdocJSNotStd {
     const ONLY_HOSTS: bool = true;
 
     fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
-        run.suite_path("tests/rustdoc-js")
+        let default = run.builder.config.nodejs.is_some();
+        run.suite_path("tests/rustdoc-js").default_condition(default)
     }
 
     fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
@@ -931,18 +948,14 @@ impl Step for RustdocJSNotStd {
     }
 
     fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
-        if builder.config.nodejs.is_some() {
-            builder.ensure(Compiletest {
-                compiler: self.compiler,
-                target: self.target,
-                mode: "js-doc-test",
-                suite: "rustdoc-js",
-                path: "tests/rustdoc-js",
-                compare_mode: None,
-            });
-        } else {
-            builder.info("No nodejs found, skipping \"tests/rustdoc-js\" tests");
-        }
+        builder.ensure(Compiletest {
+            compiler: self.compiler,
+            target: self.target,
+            mode: "js-doc-test",
+            suite: "rustdoc-js",
+            path: "tests/rustdoc-js",
+            compare_mode: None,
+        });
     }
 }
 
@@ -1047,6 +1060,13 @@ impl Step for RustdocGUI {
         }
 
         let _time = util::timeit(&builder);
+        let _guard = builder.msg_sysroot_tool(
+            Kind::Test,
+            self.compiler.stage,
+            "rustdoc-gui",
+            self.compiler.host,
+            self.target,
+        );
         crate::render_tests::try_run_tests(builder, &mut cmd, true);
     }
 }
@@ -1097,13 +1117,13 @@ help: to skip test's attempt to check tidiness, pass `--exclude src/tools/tidy`
                     PATH = inferred_rustfmt_dir.display(),
                     CHAN = builder.config.channel,
                 );
-                crate::detail_exit_macro!(1);
+                crate::exit!(1);
             }
             crate::format::format(&builder, !builder.config.cmd.bless(), &[]);
         }
 
         builder.info("tidy check");
-        try_run(builder, &mut cmd);
+        builder.run_delaying_failure(&mut cmd);
 
         builder.ensure(ExpandYamlAnchors);
 
@@ -1120,7 +1140,7 @@ help: to skip test's attempt to check tidiness, pass `--exclude src/tools/tidy`
                 eprintln!(
                     "x.py completions were changed; run `x.py run generate-completions` to update them"
                 );
-                crate::detail_exit_macro!(1);
+                crate::exit!(1);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -1148,8 +1168,7 @@ impl Step for ExpandYamlAnchors {
     /// by the user before committing CI changes.
     fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
         builder.info("Ensuring the YAML anchors in the GitHub Actions config were expanded");
-        try_run(
-            builder,
+        builder.run_delaying_failure(
             &mut builder.tool_cmd(Tool::ExpandYamlAnchors).arg("check").arg(&builder.src),
         );
     }
@@ -1431,7 +1450,7 @@ help: to test the compiler, use `--stage 1` instead
 help: to test the standard library, use `--stage 0 library/std` instead
 note: if you're sure you want to do this, please open an issue as to why. In the meantime, you can override this with `COMPILETEST_FORCE_STAGE0=1`."
             );
-            crate::detail_exit_macro!(1);
+            crate::exit!(1);
         }
 
         let mut compiler = self.compiler;
@@ -1568,6 +1587,8 @@ note: if you're sure you want to do this, please open an issue as to why. In the
 
         if let Some(ref nodejs) = builder.config.nodejs {
             cmd.arg("--nodejs").arg(nodejs);
+        } else if mode == "js-doc-test" {
+            panic!("need nodejs to run js-doc-test suite");
         }
         if let Some(ref npm) = builder.config.npm {
             cmd.arg("--npm").arg(npm);
@@ -1889,14 +1910,6 @@ impl Step for BookTest {
     ///
     /// This uses the `rustdoc` that sits next to `compiler`.
     fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
-        let host = self.compiler.host;
-        let _guard = builder.msg(
-            Kind::Test,
-            self.compiler.stage,
-            &format!("book {}", self.name),
-            host,
-            host,
-        );
         // External docs are different from local because:
         // - Some books need pre-processing by mdbook before being tested.
         // - They need to save their state to toolstate.
@@ -1939,12 +1952,12 @@ impl BookTest {
         let _guard = builder.msg(
             Kind::Test,
             compiler.stage,
-            format_args!("rustbook {}", self.path.display()),
+            format_args!("mdbook {}", self.path.display()),
             compiler.host,
             compiler.host,
         );
         let _time = util::timeit(&builder);
-        let toolstate = if try_run(builder, &mut rustbook_cmd) {
+        let toolstate = if builder.run_delaying_failure(&mut rustbook_cmd) {
             ToolState::TestPass
         } else {
             ToolState::TestFail
@@ -1955,8 +1968,12 @@ impl BookTest {
     /// This runs `rustdoc --test` on all `.md` files in the path.
     fn run_local_doc(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
         let compiler = self.compiler;
+        let host = self.compiler.host;
 
-        builder.ensure(compile::Std::new(compiler, compiler.host));
+        builder.ensure(compile::Std::new(compiler, host));
+
+        let _guard =
+            builder.msg(Kind::Test, compiler.stage, &format!("book {}", self.name), host, host);
 
         // Do a breadth-first traversal of the `src/doc` directory and just run
         // tests for all files that end in `*.md`
@@ -2102,9 +2119,9 @@ fn markdown_test(builder: &Builder<'_>, compiler: Compiler, markdown: &Path) ->
     cmd.arg("--test-args").arg(test_args);
 
     if builder.config.verbose_tests {
-        try_run(builder, &mut cmd)
+        builder.run_delaying_failure(&mut cmd)
     } else {
-        try_run_quiet(builder, &mut cmd)
+        builder.run_quiet_delaying_failure(&mut cmd)
     }
 }
 
@@ -2130,7 +2147,7 @@ impl Step for RustcGuide {
 
         let src = builder.src.join(relative_path);
         let mut rustbook_cmd = builder.tool_cmd(Tool::Rustbook);
-        let toolstate = if try_run(builder, rustbook_cmd.arg("linkcheck").arg(&src)) {
+        let toolstate = if builder.run_delaying_failure(rustbook_cmd.arg("linkcheck").arg(&src)) {
             ToolState::TestPass
         } else {
             ToolState::TestFail
@@ -2181,11 +2198,12 @@ impl Step for CrateLibrustc {
 /// Given a `cargo test` subcommand, add the appropriate flags and run it.
 ///
 /// Returns whether the test succeeded.
-fn run_cargo_test(
+fn run_cargo_test<'a>(
     cargo: impl Into<Command>,
     libtest_args: &[&str],
     crates: &[Interned<String>],
     primary_crate: &str,
+    description: impl Into<Option<&'a str>>,
     compiler: Compiler,
     target: TargetSelection,
     builder: &Builder<'_>,
@@ -2193,6 +2211,9 @@ fn run_cargo_test(
     let mut cargo =
         prepare_cargo_test(cargo, libtest_args, crates, primary_crate, compiler, target, builder);
     let _time = util::timeit(&builder);
+    let _group = description.into().and_then(|what| {
+        builder.msg_sysroot_tool(Kind::Test, compiler.stage, what, compiler.host, target)
+    });
 
     #[cfg(feature = "build-metrics")]
     builder.metrics.begin_test_suite(
@@ -2358,14 +2379,16 @@ impl Step for Crate {
             _ => panic!("can only test libraries"),
         };
 
-        let _guard = builder.msg(
-            builder.kind,
-            compiler.stage,
-            crate_description(&self.crates),
-            compiler.host,
+        run_cargo_test(
+            cargo,
+            &[],
+            &self.crates,
+            &self.crates[0],
+            &*crate_description(&self.crates),
+            compiler,
             target,
+            builder,
         );
-        run_cargo_test(cargo, &[], &self.crates, &self.crates[0], compiler, target, builder);
     }
 }
 
@@ -2458,18 +2481,12 @@ impl Step for CrateRustdoc {
         dylib_path.insert(0, PathBuf::from(&*libdir));
         cargo.env(dylib_path_var(), env::join_paths(&dylib_path).unwrap());
 
-        let _guard = builder.msg_sysroot_tool(
-            builder.kind,
-            compiler.stage,
-            "rustdoc",
-            compiler.host,
-            target,
-        );
         run_cargo_test(
             cargo,
             &[],
             &[INTERNER.intern_str("rustdoc:0.0.0")],
             "rustdoc",
+            "rustdoc",
             compiler,
             target,
             builder,
@@ -2525,13 +2542,12 @@ impl Step for CrateRustdocJsonTypes {
             &[]
         };
 
-        let _guard =
-            builder.msg(builder.kind, compiler.stage, "rustdoc-json-types", compiler.host, target);
         run_cargo_test(
             cargo,
             libtest_args,
             &[INTERNER.intern_str("rustdoc-json-types")],
             "rustdoc-json-types",
+            "rustdoc-json-types",
             compiler,
             target,
             builder,
@@ -2672,6 +2688,10 @@ impl Step for Bootstrap {
 
     /// Tests the build system itself.
     fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
+        let host = builder.config.build;
+        let compiler = builder.compiler(0, host);
+        let _guard = builder.msg(Kind::Test, 0, "bootstrap", host, host);
+
         let mut check_bootstrap = Command::new(&builder.python());
         check_bootstrap
             .args(["-m", "unittest", "bootstrap_test.py"])
@@ -2680,10 +2700,8 @@ impl Step for Bootstrap {
             .current_dir(builder.src.join("src/bootstrap/"));
         // NOTE: we intentionally don't pass test_args here because the args for unittest and cargo test are mutually incompatible.
         // Use `python -m unittest` manually if you want to pass arguments.
-        try_run(builder, &mut check_bootstrap);
+        builder.run_delaying_failure(&mut check_bootstrap);
 
-        let host = builder.config.build;
-        let compiler = builder.compiler(0, host);
         let mut cmd = Command::new(&builder.initial_cargo);
         cmd.arg("test")
             .current_dir(builder.src.join("src/bootstrap"))
@@ -2700,7 +2718,7 @@ impl Step for Bootstrap {
         }
         // rustbuild tests are racy on directory creation so just run them one at a time.
         // Since there's not many this shouldn't be a problem.
-        run_cargo_test(cmd, &["--test-threads=1"], &[], "bootstrap", compiler, host, builder);
+        run_cargo_test(cmd, &["--test-threads=1"], &[], "bootstrap", None, compiler, host, builder);
     }
 
     fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
@@ -2751,8 +2769,14 @@ impl Step for TierCheck {
             cargo.arg("--verbose");
         }
 
-        builder.info("platform support check");
-        try_run(builder, &mut cargo.into());
+        let _guard = builder.msg(
+            Kind::Test,
+            self.compiler.stage,
+            "platform support check",
+            self.compiler.host,
+            self.compiler.host,
+        );
+        builder.run_delaying_failure(&mut cargo.into());
     }
 }
 
@@ -2799,8 +2823,6 @@ impl Step for RustInstaller {
 
     /// Ensure the version placeholder replacement tool builds
     fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
-        builder.info("test rust-installer");
-
         let bootstrap_host = builder.config.build;
         let compiler = builder.compiler(0, bootstrap_host);
         let cargo = tool::prepare_tool_cargo(
@@ -2813,7 +2835,15 @@ impl Step for RustInstaller {
             SourceType::InTree,
             &[],
         );
-        run_cargo_test(cargo, &[], &[], "installer", compiler, bootstrap_host, builder);
+
+        let _guard = builder.msg(
+            Kind::Test,
+            compiler.stage,
+            "rust-installer",
+            bootstrap_host,
+            bootstrap_host,
+        );
+        run_cargo_test(cargo, &[], &[], "installer", None, compiler, bootstrap_host, builder);
 
         // We currently don't support running the test.sh script outside linux(?) environments.
         // Eventually this should likely migrate to #[test]s in rust-installer proper rather than a
@@ -2832,7 +2862,7 @@ impl Step for RustInstaller {
         cmd.env("CARGO", &builder.initial_cargo);
         cmd.env("RUSTC", &builder.initial_rustc);
         cmd.env("TMP_DIR", &tmpdir);
-        try_run(builder, &mut cmd);
+        builder.run_delaying_failure(&mut cmd);
     }
 
     fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/tool.rs b/src/bootstrap/tool.rs
index 915dceae389..725f864b718 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/tool.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/tool.rs
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ struct ToolBuild {
 }
 
 impl Builder<'_> {
+    #[track_caller]
     fn msg_tool(
         &self,
         mode: Mode,
@@ -107,7 +108,8 @@ impl Step for ToolBuild {
         );
 
         let mut cargo = Command::from(cargo);
-        let is_expected = builder.try_run(&mut cargo).is_ok();
+        #[allow(deprecated)] // we check this in `is_optional_tool` in a second
+        let is_expected = builder.config.try_run(&mut cargo).is_ok();
 
         builder.save_toolstate(
             tool,
@@ -116,7 +118,7 @@ impl Step for ToolBuild {
 
         if !is_expected {
             if !is_optional_tool {
-                crate::detail_exit_macro!(1);
+                crate::exit!(1);
             } else {
                 None
             }
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/toolstate.rs b/src/bootstrap/toolstate.rs
index 9c4d0ea265d..eb65c8bee09 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/toolstate.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/toolstate.rs
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ fn print_error(tool: &str, submodule: &str) {
     eprintln!("If you do NOT intend to update '{}', please ensure you did not accidentally", tool);
     eprintln!("change the submodule at '{}'. You may ask your reviewer for the", submodule);
     eprintln!("proper steps.");
-    crate::detail_exit_macro!(3);
+    crate::exit!(3);
 }
 
 fn check_changed_files(toolstates: &HashMap<Box<str>, ToolState>) {
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ fn check_changed_files(toolstates: &HashMap<Box<str>, ToolState>) {
         Ok(o) => o,
         Err(e) => {
             eprintln!("Failed to get changed files: {:?}", e);
-            crate::detail_exit_macro!(1);
+            crate::exit!(1);
         }
     };
 
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ impl Step for ToolStateCheck {
         }
 
         if did_error {
-            crate::detail_exit_macro!(1);
+            crate::exit!(1);
         }
 
         check_changed_files(&toolstates);
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ impl Step for ToolStateCheck {
         }
 
         if did_error {
-            crate::detail_exit_macro!(1);
+            crate::exit!(1);
         }
 
         if builder.config.channel == "nightly" && env::var_os("TOOLSTATE_PUBLISH").is_some() {
@@ -262,6 +262,8 @@ impl Builder<'_> {
     /// `rust.save-toolstates` in `config.toml`. If unspecified, nothing will be
     /// done. The file is updated immediately after this function completes.
     pub fn save_toolstate(&self, tool: &str, state: ToolState) {
+        use std::io::Write;
+
         // If we're in a dry run setting we don't want to save toolstates as
         // that means if we e.g. panic down the line it'll look like we tested
         // everything (but we actually haven't).
@@ -286,7 +288,8 @@ impl Builder<'_> {
             current_toolstates.insert(tool.into(), state);
             t!(file.seek(SeekFrom::Start(0)));
             t!(file.set_len(0));
-            t!(serde_json::to_writer(file, &current_toolstates));
+            t!(serde_json::to_writer(&file, &current_toolstates));
+            t!(writeln!(file)); // make sure this ends in a newline
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/util.rs b/src/bootstrap/util.rs
index b291584b300..2725813aba3 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/util.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/util.rs
@@ -153,16 +153,6 @@ pub fn symlink_dir(config: &Config, original: &Path, link: &Path) -> io::Result<
     }
 }
 
-/// The CI environment rustbuild is running in. This mainly affects how the logs
-/// are printed.
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
-pub enum CiEnv {
-    /// Not a CI environment.
-    None,
-    /// The GitHub Actions environment, for Linux (including Docker), Windows and macOS builds.
-    GitHubActions,
-}
-
 pub fn forcing_clang_based_tests() -> bool {
     if let Some(var) = env::var_os("RUSTBUILD_FORCE_CLANG_BASED_TESTS") {
         match &var.to_string_lossy().to_lowercase()[..] {
@@ -229,7 +219,7 @@ pub fn is_valid_test_suite_arg<'a, P: AsRef<Path>>(
 
 pub fn run(cmd: &mut Command, print_cmd_on_fail: bool) {
     if try_run(cmd, print_cmd_on_fail).is_err() {
-        crate::detail_exit_macro!(1);
+        crate::exit!(1);
     }
 }
 
@@ -253,7 +243,7 @@ pub fn check_run(cmd: &mut Command, print_cmd_on_fail: bool) -> bool {
 
 pub fn run_suppressed(cmd: &mut Command) {
     if !try_run_suppressed(cmd) {
-        crate::detail_exit_macro!(1);
+        crate::exit!(1);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/ci/docker/run.sh b/src/ci/docker/run.sh
index 4b218d57727..da9d68672c4 100755
--- a/src/ci/docker/run.sh
+++ b/src/ci/docker/run.sh
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ if [ -f "$docker_dir/$image/Dockerfile" ]; then
       loaded_images=$(/usr/bin/timeout -k 720 600 docker load -i /tmp/rustci_docker_cache \
         | sed 's/.* sha/sha/')
       set -e
-      echo "Downloaded containers:\n$loaded_images"
+      printf "Downloaded containers:\n$loaded_images\n"
     fi
 
     dockerfile="$docker_dir/$image/Dockerfile"
@@ -89,12 +89,14 @@ if [ -f "$docker_dir/$image/Dockerfile" ]; then
     else
         context="$script_dir"
     fi
+    echo "::group::Building docker image for $image"
     retry docker \
       build \
       --rm \
       -t rust-ci \
       -f "$dockerfile" \
       "$context"
+    echo "::endgroup::"
 
     if [ "$CI" != "" ]; then
       s3url="s3://$SCCACHE_BUCKET/docker/$cksum"
diff --git a/src/ci/run.sh b/src/ci/run.sh
index 48fb40d6a6d..da1960fc057 100755
--- a/src/ci/run.sh
+++ b/src/ci/run.sh
@@ -154,13 +154,13 @@ fi
 # check for clock drifts. An HTTP URL is used instead of HTTPS since on Azure
 # Pipelines it happened that the certificates were marked as expired.
 datecheck() {
-  echo "== clock drift check =="
+  echo "::group::Clock drift check"
   echo -n "  local time: "
   date
   echo -n "  network time: "
   curl -fs --head http://ci-caches.rust-lang.org | grep ^Date: \
       | sed 's/Date: //g' || true
-  echo "== end clock drift check =="
+  echo "::endgroup::"
 }
 datecheck
 trap datecheck EXIT
@@ -177,6 +177,7 @@ retry make prepare
 
 # Display the CPU and memory information. This helps us know why the CI timing
 # is fluctuating.
+echo "::group::Display CPU and Memory information"
 if isMacOS; then
     system_profiler SPHardwareDataType || true
     sysctl hw || true
@@ -186,6 +187,7 @@ else
     cat /proc/meminfo || true
     ncpus=$(grep processor /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l)
 fi
+echo "::endgroup::"
 
 if [ ! -z "$SCRIPT" ]; then
   echo "Executing ${SCRIPT}"
@@ -218,4 +220,6 @@ if [ "$RUN_CHECK_WITH_PARALLEL_QUERIES" != "" ]; then
   CARGO_INCREMENTAL=0 ../x check
 fi
 
+echo "::group::sccache stats"
 sccache --show-stats || true
+echo "::endgroup::"
diff --git a/src/doc/style-guide/src/items.md b/src/doc/style-guide/src/items.md
index 1e0e60248bf..de31e8a8799 100644
--- a/src/doc/style-guide/src/items.md
+++ b/src/doc/style-guide/src/items.md
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ impl<T: Display, U: Debug> SomeType<T, U> { ...
 
 If the generics clause must be formatted across multiple lines, each parameter
 should have its own block-indented line, there should be newlines after the
-opening bracket and before the closing bracket, and the should be a trailing
+opening bracket and before the closing bracket, and there should be a trailing
 comma.
 
 ```rust
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/clean/auto_trait.rs b/src/librustdoc/clean/auto_trait.rs
index 92bae551644..68d636b360a 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/clean/auto_trait.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/clean/auto_trait.rs
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ where
     pub(crate) fn get_auto_trait_impls(&mut self, item_def_id: DefId) -> Vec<Item> {
         let tcx = self.cx.tcx;
         let param_env = tcx.param_env(item_def_id);
-        let ty = tcx.type_of(item_def_id).subst_identity();
+        let ty = tcx.type_of(item_def_id).instantiate_identity();
         let f = auto_trait::AutoTraitFinder::new(tcx);
 
         debug!("get_auto_trait_impls({:?})", ty);
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/clean/blanket_impl.rs b/src/librustdoc/clean/blanket_impl.rs
index a3604158851..f5e02940c82 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/clean/blanket_impl.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/clean/blanket_impl.rs
@@ -38,18 +38,22 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> BlanketImplFinder<'a, 'tcx> {
                     continue;
                 }
                 let infcx = cx.tcx.infer_ctxt().build();
-                let substs = infcx.fresh_substs_for_item(DUMMY_SP, item_def_id);
-                let impl_ty = ty.subst(infcx.tcx, substs);
-                let param_env = EarlyBinder::bind(param_env).subst(infcx.tcx, substs);
+                let args = infcx.fresh_args_for_item(DUMMY_SP, item_def_id);
+                let impl_ty = ty.instantiate(infcx.tcx, args);
+                let param_env = EarlyBinder::bind(param_env).instantiate(infcx.tcx, args);
 
-                let impl_substs = infcx.fresh_substs_for_item(DUMMY_SP, impl_def_id);
-                let impl_trait_ref = trait_ref.subst(infcx.tcx, impl_substs);
+                let impl_args = infcx.fresh_args_for_item(DUMMY_SP, impl_def_id);
+                let impl_trait_ref = trait_ref.instantiate(infcx.tcx, impl_args);
 
                 // Require the type the impl is implemented on to match
                 // our type, and ignore the impl if there was a mismatch.
-                let Ok(eq_result) = infcx.at(&traits::ObligationCause::dummy(), param_env).eq(DefineOpaqueTypes::No, impl_trait_ref.self_ty(), impl_ty) else {
-                        continue
-                    };
+                let Ok(eq_result) = infcx.at(&traits::ObligationCause::dummy(), param_env).eq(
+                    DefineOpaqueTypes::No,
+                    impl_trait_ref.self_ty(),
+                    impl_ty,
+                ) else {
+                    continue;
+                };
                 let InferOk { value: (), obligations } = eq_result;
                 // FIXME(eddyb) ignoring `obligations` might cause false positives.
                 drop(obligations);
@@ -63,7 +67,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> BlanketImplFinder<'a, 'tcx> {
                 let predicates = cx
                     .tcx
                     .predicates_of(impl_def_id)
-                    .instantiate(cx.tcx, impl_substs)
+                    .instantiate(cx.tcx, impl_args)
                     .predicates
                     .into_iter()
                     .chain(Some(ty::Binder::dummy(impl_trait_ref).to_predicate(infcx.tcx)));
@@ -104,11 +108,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> BlanketImplFinder<'a, 'tcx> {
                         // the post-inference `trait_ref`, as it's more accurate.
                         trait_: Some(clean_trait_ref_with_bindings(
                             cx,
-                            ty::Binder::dummy(trait_ref.subst_identity()),
+                            ty::Binder::dummy(trait_ref.instantiate_identity()),
                             ThinVec::new(),
                         )),
                         for_: clean_middle_ty(
-                            ty::Binder::dummy(ty.subst_identity()),
+                            ty::Binder::dummy(ty.instantiate_identity()),
                             cx,
                             None,
                             None,
@@ -121,7 +125,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> BlanketImplFinder<'a, 'tcx> {
                             .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
                         polarity: ty::ImplPolarity::Positive,
                         kind: ImplKind::Blanket(Box::new(clean_middle_ty(
-                            ty::Binder::dummy(trait_ref.subst_identity().self_ty()),
+                            ty::Binder::dummy(trait_ref.instantiate_identity().self_ty()),
                             cx,
                             None,
                             None,
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/clean/inline.rs b/src/librustdoc/clean/inline.rs
index 870cfa93058..a98d466cd81 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/clean/inline.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/clean/inline.rs
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ pub(crate) fn build_external_trait(cx: &mut DocContext<'_>, did: DefId) -> clean
 }
 
 fn build_external_function<'tcx>(cx: &mut DocContext<'tcx>, did: DefId) -> Box<clean::Function> {
-    let sig = cx.tcx.fn_sig(did).subst_identity();
+    let sig = cx.tcx.fn_sig(did).instantiate_identity();
 
     let late_bound_regions = sig.bound_vars().into_iter().filter_map(|var| match var {
         ty::BoundVariableKind::Region(ty::BrNamed(_, name)) if name != kw::UnderscoreLifetime => {
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ fn build_union(cx: &mut DocContext<'_>, did: DefId) -> clean::Union {
 fn build_type_alias(cx: &mut DocContext<'_>, did: DefId) -> Box<clean::Typedef> {
     let predicates = cx.tcx.explicit_predicates_of(did);
     let type_ = clean_middle_ty(
-        ty::Binder::dummy(cx.tcx.type_of(did).subst_identity()),
+        ty::Binder::dummy(cx.tcx.type_of(did).instantiate_identity()),
         cx,
         Some(did),
         None,
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ pub(crate) fn build_impl(
     let for_ = match &impl_item {
         Some(impl_) => clean_ty(impl_.self_ty, cx),
         None => clean_middle_ty(
-            ty::Binder::dummy(tcx.type_of(did).subst_identity()),
+            ty::Binder::dummy(tcx.type_of(did).instantiate_identity()),
             cx,
             Some(did),
             None,
@@ -634,7 +634,7 @@ pub(crate) fn print_inlined_const(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, did: DefId) -> String {
 fn build_const(cx: &mut DocContext<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> clean::Constant {
     clean::Constant {
         type_: clean_middle_ty(
-            ty::Binder::dummy(cx.tcx.type_of(def_id).subst_identity()),
+            ty::Binder::dummy(cx.tcx.type_of(def_id).instantiate_identity()),
             cx,
             Some(def_id),
             None,
@@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ fn build_const(cx: &mut DocContext<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> clean::Constant {
 fn build_static(cx: &mut DocContext<'_>, did: DefId, mutable: bool) -> clean::Static {
     clean::Static {
         type_: clean_middle_ty(
-            ty::Binder::dummy(cx.tcx.type_of(did).subst_identity()),
+            ty::Binder::dummy(cx.tcx.type_of(did).instantiate_identity()),
             cx,
             Some(did),
             None,
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/clean/mod.rs b/src/librustdoc/clean/mod.rs
index 0182d50773d..d62c4b707e1 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/clean/mod.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/clean/mod.rs
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ use rustc_infer::infer::region_constraints::{Constraint, RegionConstraintData};
 use rustc_middle::metadata::Reexport;
 use rustc_middle::middle::resolve_bound_vars as rbv;
 use rustc_middle::ty::fold::TypeFolder;
-use rustc_middle::ty::InternalSubsts;
 use rustc_middle::ty::TypeVisitableExt;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, AdtKind, EarlyBinder, Ty, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_middle::{bug, span_bug};
@@ -167,8 +166,7 @@ fn clean_generic_bound<'tcx>(
             let trait_ref = ty::Binder::dummy(ty::TraitRef::identity(cx.tcx, def_id));
 
             let generic_args = clean_generic_args(generic_args, cx);
-            let GenericArgs::AngleBracketed { bindings, .. } = generic_args
-            else {
+            let GenericArgs::AngleBracketed { bindings, .. } = generic_args else {
                 bug!("clean: parenthesized `GenericBound::LangItemTrait`");
             };
 
@@ -202,7 +200,7 @@ pub(crate) fn clean_trait_ref_with_bindings<'tcx>(
     }
     inline::record_extern_fqn(cx, trait_ref.def_id(), kind);
     let path =
-        external_path(cx, trait_ref.def_id(), true, bindings, trait_ref.map_bound(|tr| tr.substs));
+        external_path(cx, trait_ref.def_id(), true, bindings, trait_ref.map_bound(|tr| tr.args));
 
     debug!(?trait_ref);
 
@@ -240,7 +238,7 @@ fn clean_lifetime<'tcx>(lifetime: &hir::Lifetime, cx: &mut DocContext<'tcx>) ->
         | rbv::ResolvedArg::Free(_, node_id),
     ) = def
     {
-        if let Some(lt) = cx.substs.get(&node_id).and_then(|p| p.as_lt()).cloned() {
+        if let Some(lt) = cx.args.get(&node_id).and_then(|p| p.as_lt()).cloned() {
             return lt;
         }
     }
@@ -251,7 +249,7 @@ pub(crate) fn clean_const<'tcx>(constant: &hir::ConstArg, cx: &mut DocContext<'t
     let def_id = cx.tcx.hir().body_owner_def_id(constant.value.body).to_def_id();
     Constant {
         type_: clean_middle_ty(
-            ty::Binder::dummy(cx.tcx.type_of(def_id).subst_identity()),
+            ty::Binder::dummy(cx.tcx.type_of(def_id).instantiate_identity()),
             cx,
             Some(def_id),
             None,
@@ -443,7 +441,7 @@ fn clean_projection<'tcx>(
         let bounds = cx
             .tcx
             .explicit_item_bounds(ty.skip_binder().def_id)
-            .subst_iter_copied(cx.tcx, ty.skip_binder().substs)
+            .arg_iter_copied(cx.tcx, ty.skip_binder().args)
             .map(|(pred, _)| pred)
             .collect::<Vec<_>>();
         return clean_middle_opaque_bounds(cx, bounds);
@@ -482,9 +480,9 @@ fn projection_to_path_segment<'tcx>(
     PathSegment {
         name: item.name,
         args: GenericArgs::AngleBracketed {
-            args: substs_to_args(
+            args: ty_args_to_args(
                 cx,
-                ty.map_bound(|ty| &ty.substs[generics.parent_count..]),
+                ty.map_bound(|ty| &ty.args[generics.parent_count..]),
                 false,
                 None,
             )
@@ -505,7 +503,7 @@ fn clean_generic_param_def<'tcx>(
         ty::GenericParamDefKind::Type { has_default, synthetic, .. } => {
             let default = if has_default {
                 Some(clean_middle_ty(
-                    ty::Binder::dummy(cx.tcx.type_of(def.def_id).subst_identity()),
+                    ty::Binder::dummy(cx.tcx.type_of(def.def_id).instantiate_identity()),
                     cx,
                     Some(def.def_id),
                     None,
@@ -539,7 +537,7 @@ fn clean_generic_param_def<'tcx>(
                 )),
                 default: match has_default {
                     true => Some(Box::new(
-                        cx.tcx.const_param_default(def.def_id).subst_identity().to_string(),
+                        cx.tcx.const_param_default(def.def_id).instantiate_identity().to_string(),
                     )),
                     false => None,
                 },
@@ -1244,7 +1242,7 @@ pub(crate) fn clean_middle_assoc_item<'tcx>(
     let kind = match assoc_item.kind {
         ty::AssocKind::Const => {
             let ty = clean_middle_ty(
-                ty::Binder::dummy(tcx.type_of(assoc_item.def_id).subst_identity()),
+                ty::Binder::dummy(tcx.type_of(assoc_item.def_id).instantiate_identity()),
                 cx,
                 Some(assoc_item.def_id),
                 None,
@@ -1261,7 +1259,7 @@ pub(crate) fn clean_middle_assoc_item<'tcx>(
             }
         }
         ty::AssocKind::Fn => {
-            let sig = tcx.fn_sig(assoc_item.def_id).subst_identity();
+            let sig = tcx.fn_sig(assoc_item.def_id).instantiate_identity();
 
             let late_bound_regions = sig.bound_vars().into_iter().filter_map(|var| match var {
                 ty::BoundVariableKind::Region(ty::BrNamed(_, name))
@@ -1284,7 +1282,9 @@ pub(crate) fn clean_middle_assoc_item<'tcx>(
 
             if assoc_item.fn_has_self_parameter {
                 let self_ty = match assoc_item.container {
-                    ty::ImplContainer => tcx.type_of(assoc_item.container_id(tcx)).subst_identity(),
+                    ty::ImplContainer => {
+                        tcx.type_of(assoc_item.container_id(tcx)).instantiate_identity()
+                    }
                     ty::TraitContainer => tcx.types.self_param,
                 };
                 let self_arg_ty = sig.input(0).skip_binder();
@@ -1340,7 +1340,7 @@ pub(crate) fn clean_middle_assoc_item<'tcx>(
             let mut predicates = tcx.explicit_predicates_of(assoc_item.def_id).predicates;
             if let ty::TraitContainer = assoc_item.container {
                 let bounds =
-                    tcx.explicit_item_bounds(assoc_item.def_id).subst_identity_iter_copied();
+                    tcx.explicit_item_bounds(assoc_item.def_id).instantiate_identity_iter_copied();
                 predicates = tcx.arena.alloc_from_iter(bounds.chain(predicates.iter().copied()));
             }
             let mut generics = clean_ty_generics(
@@ -1443,7 +1443,9 @@ pub(crate) fn clean_middle_assoc_item<'tcx>(
                     AssocTypeItem(
                         Box::new(Typedef {
                             type_: clean_middle_ty(
-                                ty::Binder::dummy(tcx.type_of(assoc_item.def_id).subst_identity()),
+                                ty::Binder::dummy(
+                                    tcx.type_of(assoc_item.def_id).instantiate_identity(),
+                                ),
                                 cx,
                                 Some(assoc_item.def_id),
                                 None,
@@ -1460,7 +1462,9 @@ pub(crate) fn clean_middle_assoc_item<'tcx>(
                 AssocTypeItem(
                     Box::new(Typedef {
                         type_: clean_middle_ty(
-                            ty::Binder::dummy(tcx.type_of(assoc_item.def_id).subst_identity()),
+                            ty::Binder::dummy(
+                                tcx.type_of(assoc_item.def_id).instantiate_identity(),
+                            ),
                             cx,
                             Some(assoc_item.def_id),
                             None,
@@ -1486,7 +1490,7 @@ fn clean_qpath<'tcx>(hir_ty: &hir::Ty<'tcx>, cx: &mut DocContext<'tcx>) -> Type
     match qpath {
         hir::QPath::Resolved(None, path) => {
             if let Res::Def(DefKind::TyParam, did) = path.res {
-                if let Some(new_ty) = cx.substs.get(&did).and_then(|p| p.as_ty()).cloned() {
+                if let Some(new_ty) = cx.args.get(&did).and_then(|p| p.as_ty()).cloned() {
                     return new_ty;
                 }
                 if let Some(bounds) = cx.impl_trait_bounds.remove(&did.into()) {
@@ -1577,7 +1581,7 @@ fn maybe_expand_private_type_alias<'tcx>(
     let hir::ItemKind::TyAlias(ty, generics) = alias else { return None };
 
     let provided_params = &path.segments.last().expect("segments were empty");
-    let mut substs = DefIdMap::default();
+    let mut args = DefIdMap::default();
     let generic_args = provided_params.args();
 
     let mut indices: hir::GenericParamCount = Default::default();
@@ -1601,7 +1605,7 @@ fn maybe_expand_private_type_alias<'tcx>(
                     } else {
                         Lifetime::elided()
                     };
-                    substs.insert(param.def_id.to_def_id(), SubstParam::Lifetime(cleaned));
+                    args.insert(param.def_id.to_def_id(), SubstParam::Lifetime(cleaned));
                 }
                 indices.lifetimes += 1;
             }
@@ -1618,10 +1622,9 @@ fn maybe_expand_private_type_alias<'tcx>(
                     _ => None,
                 });
                 if let Some(ty) = type_ {
-                    substs.insert(param.def_id.to_def_id(), SubstParam::Type(clean_ty(ty, cx)));
+                    args.insert(param.def_id.to_def_id(), SubstParam::Type(clean_ty(ty, cx)));
                 } else if let Some(default) = *default {
-                    substs
-                        .insert(param.def_id.to_def_id(), SubstParam::Type(clean_ty(default, cx)));
+                    args.insert(param.def_id.to_def_id(), SubstParam::Type(clean_ty(default, cx)));
                 }
                 indices.types += 1;
             }
@@ -1638,7 +1641,7 @@ fn maybe_expand_private_type_alias<'tcx>(
                     _ => None,
                 });
                 if let Some(ct) = const_ {
-                    substs.insert(
+                    args.insert(
                         param.def_id.to_def_id(),
                         SubstParam::Constant(clean_const(ct, cx)),
                     );
@@ -1649,7 +1652,7 @@ fn maybe_expand_private_type_alias<'tcx>(
         }
     }
 
-    Some(cx.enter_alias(substs, def_id.to_def_id(), |cx| clean_ty(ty, cx)))
+    Some(cx.enter_alias(args, def_id.to_def_id(), |cx| clean_ty(ty, cx)))
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn clean_ty<'tcx>(ty: &hir::Ty<'tcx>, cx: &mut DocContext<'tcx>) -> Type {
@@ -1818,14 +1821,14 @@ fn can_elide_trait_object_lifetime_bound<'tcx>(
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub(crate) enum ContainerTy<'tcx> {
     Ref(ty::Region<'tcx>),
-    Regular { ty: DefId, substs: ty::Binder<'tcx, &'tcx [ty::GenericArg<'tcx>]>, arg: usize },
+    Regular { ty: DefId, args: ty::Binder<'tcx, &'tcx [ty::GenericArg<'tcx>]>, arg: usize },
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> ContainerTy<'tcx> {
     fn object_lifetime_default(self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> ObjectLifetimeDefault<'tcx> {
         match self {
             Self::Ref(region) => ObjectLifetimeDefault::Arg(region),
-            Self::Regular { ty: container, substs, arg: index } => {
+            Self::Regular { ty: container, args, arg: index } => {
                 let (DefKind::Struct
                 | DefKind::Union
                 | DefKind::Enum
@@ -1844,7 +1847,7 @@ impl<'tcx> ContainerTy<'tcx> {
                 match default {
                     rbv::ObjectLifetimeDefault::Param(lifetime) => {
                         let index = generics.param_def_id_to_index[&lifetime];
-                        let arg = substs.skip_binder()[index as usize].expect_region();
+                        let arg = args.skip_binder()[index as usize].expect_region();
                         ObjectLifetimeDefault::Arg(arg)
                     }
                     rbv::ObjectLifetimeDefault::Empty => ObjectLifetimeDefault::Empty,
@@ -1910,7 +1913,7 @@ pub(crate) fn clean_middle_ty<'tcx>(
                 abi: sig.abi(),
             }))
         }
-        ty::Adt(def, substs) => {
+        ty::Adt(def, args) => {
             let did = def.did();
             let kind = match def.adt_kind() {
                 AdtKind::Struct => ItemType::Struct,
@@ -1918,7 +1921,7 @@ pub(crate) fn clean_middle_ty<'tcx>(
                 AdtKind::Enum => ItemType::Enum,
             };
             inline::record_extern_fqn(cx, did, kind);
-            let path = external_path(cx, did, false, ThinVec::new(), bound_ty.rebind(substs));
+            let path = external_path(cx, did, false, ThinVec::new(), bound_ty.rebind(args));
             Type::Path { path }
         }
         ty::Foreign(did) => {
@@ -1928,7 +1931,7 @@ pub(crate) fn clean_middle_ty<'tcx>(
                 did,
                 false,
                 ThinVec::new(),
-                ty::Binder::dummy(InternalSubsts::empty()),
+                ty::Binder::dummy(ty::GenericArgs::empty()),
             );
             Type::Path { path }
         }
@@ -1941,10 +1944,10 @@ pub(crate) fn clean_middle_ty<'tcx>(
                 .principal_def_id()
                 .or_else(|| dids.next())
                 .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("found trait object `{bound_ty:?}` with no traits?"));
-            let substs = match obj.principal() {
-                Some(principal) => principal.map_bound(|p| p.substs),
-                // marker traits have no substs.
-                _ => ty::Binder::dummy(InternalSubsts::empty()),
+            let args = match obj.principal() {
+                Some(principal) => principal.map_bound(|p| p.args),
+                // marker traits have no args.
+                _ => ty::Binder::dummy(ty::GenericArgs::empty()),
             };
 
             inline::record_extern_fqn(cx, did, ItemType::Trait);
@@ -1953,7 +1956,7 @@ pub(crate) fn clean_middle_ty<'tcx>(
 
             let mut bounds = dids
                 .map(|did| {
-                    let empty = ty::Binder::dummy(InternalSubsts::empty());
+                    let empty = ty::Binder::dummy(ty::GenericArgs::empty());
                     let path = external_path(cx, did, false, ThinVec::new(), empty);
                     inline::record_extern_fqn(cx, did, ItemType::Trait);
                     PolyTrait { trait_: path, generic_params: Vec::new() }
@@ -1967,7 +1970,7 @@ pub(crate) fn clean_middle_ty<'tcx>(
                         pb.map_bound(|pb| {
                             pb
                                 // HACK(compiler-errors): Doesn't actually matter what self
-                                // type we put here, because we're only using the GAT's substs.
+                                // type we put here, because we're only using the GAT's args.
                                 .with_self_ty(cx.tcx, cx.tcx.types.self_param)
                                 .projection_ty
                         }),
@@ -1993,7 +1996,7 @@ pub(crate) fn clean_middle_ty<'tcx>(
                 .collect();
             let late_bound_regions = late_bound_regions.into_iter().collect();
 
-            let path = external_path(cx, did, false, bindings, substs);
+            let path = external_path(cx, did, false, bindings, args);
             bounds.insert(0, PolyTrait { trait_: path, generic_params: late_bound_regions });
 
             DynTrait(bounds, lifetime)
@@ -2014,9 +2017,9 @@ pub(crate) fn clean_middle_ty<'tcx>(
                 assoc: PathSegment {
                     name: cx.tcx.associated_item(alias_ty.skip_binder().def_id).name,
                     args: GenericArgs::AngleBracketed {
-                        args: substs_to_args(
+                        args: ty_args_to_args(
                             cx,
-                            alias_ty.map_bound(|ty| ty.substs.as_slice()),
+                            alias_ty.map_bound(|ty| ty.args.as_slice()),
                             true,
                             None,
                         )
@@ -2039,11 +2042,11 @@ pub(crate) fn clean_middle_ty<'tcx>(
                     data.def_id,
                     false,
                     ThinVec::new(),
-                    bound_ty.rebind(data.substs),
+                    bound_ty.rebind(data.args),
                 );
                 Type::Path { path }
             } else {
-                let ty = cx.tcx.type_of(data.def_id).subst(cx.tcx, data.substs);
+                let ty = cx.tcx.type_of(data.def_id).instantiate(cx.tcx, data.args);
                 clean_middle_ty(bound_ty.rebind(ty), cx, None, None)
             }
         }
@@ -2056,11 +2059,10 @@ pub(crate) fn clean_middle_ty<'tcx>(
             }
         }
 
-        ty::Alias(ty::Opaque, ty::AliasTy { def_id, substs, .. }) => {
+        ty::Alias(ty::Opaque, ty::AliasTy { def_id, args, .. }) => {
             // If it's already in the same alias, don't get an infinite loop.
             if cx.current_type_aliases.contains_key(&def_id) {
-                let path =
-                    external_path(cx, def_id, false, ThinVec::new(), bound_ty.rebind(substs));
+                let path = external_path(cx, def_id, false, ThinVec::new(), bound_ty.rebind(args));
                 Type::Path { path }
             } else {
                 *cx.current_type_aliases.entry(def_id).or_insert(0) += 1;
@@ -2069,7 +2071,7 @@ pub(crate) fn clean_middle_ty<'tcx>(
                 let bounds = cx
                     .tcx
                     .explicit_item_bounds(def_id)
-                    .subst_iter_copied(cx.tcx, substs)
+                    .arg_iter_copied(cx.tcx, args)
                     .map(|(bound, _)| bound)
                     .collect::<Vec<_>>();
                 let ty = clean_middle_opaque_bounds(cx, bounds);
@@ -2162,7 +2164,7 @@ pub(crate) fn clean_middle_field<'tcx>(field: &ty::FieldDef, cx: &mut DocContext
         field.did,
         field.name,
         clean_middle_ty(
-            ty::Binder::dummy(cx.tcx.type_of(field.did).subst_identity()),
+            ty::Binder::dummy(cx.tcx.type_of(field.did).instantiate_identity()),
             cx,
             Some(field.did),
             None,
@@ -2563,7 +2565,7 @@ fn clean_impl<'tcx>(
     let type_alias =
         for_.def_id(&cx.cache).and_then(|alias_def_id: DefId| match tcx.def_kind(alias_def_id) {
             DefKind::TyAlias => Some(clean_middle_ty(
-                ty::Binder::dummy(tcx.type_of(def_id).subst_identity()),
+                ty::Binder::dummy(tcx.type_of(def_id).instantiate_identity()),
                 cx,
                 Some(def_id.to_def_id()),
                 None,
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/clean/simplify.rs b/src/librustdoc/clean/simplify.rs
index 65b1b72adc1..d53b038019b 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/clean/simplify.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/clean/simplify.rs
@@ -47,7 +47,9 @@ pub(crate) fn where_clauses(cx: &DocContext<'_>, clauses: Vec<WP>) -> ThinVec<WP
     // Look for equality predicates on associated types that can be merged into
     // general bound predicates.
     equalities.retain(|(lhs, rhs, bound_params)| {
-        let Some((ty, trait_did, name)) = lhs.projection() else { return true; };
+        let Some((ty, trait_did, name)) = lhs.projection() else {
+            return true;
+        };
         let Some((bounds, _)) = tybounds.get_mut(ty) else { return true };
         merge_bounds(cx, bounds, bound_params.clone(), trait_did, name, rhs)
     });
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/clean/types.rs b/src/librustdoc/clean/types.rs
index 26139d52769..cfe62407fd3 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/clean/types.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/clean/types.rs
@@ -451,11 +451,7 @@ impl Item {
     pub(crate) fn links(&self, cx: &Context<'_>) -> Vec<RenderedLink> {
         use crate::html::format::{href, link_tooltip};
 
-        let Some(links) = cx.cache()
-            .intra_doc_links
-            .get(&self.item_id) else {
-                return vec![]
-            };
+        let Some(links) = cx.cache().intra_doc_links.get(&self.item_id) else { return vec![] };
         links
             .iter()
             .filter_map(|ItemLink { link: s, link_text, page_id: id, ref fragment }| {
@@ -484,11 +480,9 @@ impl Item {
     /// the link text, but does need to know which `[]`-bracketed names
     /// are actually links.
     pub(crate) fn link_names(&self, cache: &Cache) -> Vec<RenderedLink> {
-        let Some(links) = cache
-            .intra_doc_links
-            .get(&self.item_id) else {
-                return vec![];
-            };
+        let Some(links) = cache.intra_doc_links.get(&self.item_id) else {
+            return vec![];
+        };
         links
             .iter()
             .map(|ItemLink { link: s, link_text, .. }| RenderedLink {
@@ -1227,7 +1221,7 @@ pub(crate) enum GenericBound {
 impl GenericBound {
     pub(crate) fn maybe_sized(cx: &mut DocContext<'_>) -> GenericBound {
         let did = cx.tcx.require_lang_item(LangItem::Sized, None);
-        let empty = ty::Binder::dummy(ty::InternalSubsts::empty());
+        let empty = ty::Binder::dummy(ty::GenericArgs::empty());
         let path = external_path(cx, did, false, ThinVec::new(), empty);
         inline::record_extern_fqn(cx, did, ItemType::Trait);
         GenericBound::TraitBound(
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/clean/utils.rs b/src/librustdoc/clean/utils.rs
index f375f0efbd1..df9da9e7c7f 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/clean/utils.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/clean/utils.rs
@@ -16,8 +16,7 @@ use rustc_hir::def::{DefKind, Res};
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefId, LOCAL_CRATE};
 use rustc_middle::mir;
 use rustc_middle::mir::interpret::ConstValue;
-use rustc_middle::ty::subst::{GenericArgKind, SubstsRef};
-use rustc_middle::ty::{self, TyCtxt};
+use rustc_middle::ty::{self, GenericArgKind, GenericArgsRef, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_span::symbol::{kw, sym, Symbol};
 use std::fmt::Write as _;
 use std::mem;
@@ -54,8 +53,7 @@ pub(crate) fn krate(cx: &mut DocContext<'_>) -> Crate {
     let primitives = local_crate.primitives(cx.tcx);
     let keywords = local_crate.keywords(cx.tcx);
     {
-        let ItemKind::ModuleItem(ref mut m) = *module.kind
-        else { unreachable!() };
+        let ItemKind::ModuleItem(ref mut m) = *module.kind else { unreachable!() };
         m.items.extend(primitives.iter().map(|&(def_id, prim)| {
             Item::from_def_id_and_parts(
                 def_id,
@@ -72,20 +70,16 @@ pub(crate) fn krate(cx: &mut DocContext<'_>) -> Crate {
     Crate { module, external_traits: cx.external_traits.clone() }
 }
 
-pub(crate) fn substs_to_args<'tcx>(
+pub(crate) fn ty_args_to_args<'tcx>(
     cx: &mut DocContext<'tcx>,
-    substs: ty::Binder<'tcx, &'tcx [ty::subst::GenericArg<'tcx>]>,
+    args: ty::Binder<'tcx, &'tcx [ty::GenericArg<'tcx>]>,
     mut skip_first: bool,
     container: Option<DefId>,
 ) -> Vec<GenericArg> {
     let mut ret_val =
-        Vec::with_capacity(substs.skip_binder().len().saturating_sub(if skip_first {
-            1
-        } else {
-            0
-        }));
+        Vec::with_capacity(args.skip_binder().len().saturating_sub(if skip_first { 1 } else { 0 }));
 
-    ret_val.extend(substs.iter().enumerate().filter_map(|(index, kind)| {
+    ret_val.extend(args.iter().enumerate().filter_map(|(index, kind)| {
         match kind.skip_binder().unpack() {
             GenericArgKind::Lifetime(lt) => {
                 Some(GenericArg::Lifetime(clean_middle_region(lt).unwrap_or(Lifetime::elided())))
@@ -100,7 +94,7 @@ pub(crate) fn substs_to_args<'tcx>(
                 None,
                 container.map(|container| crate::clean::ContainerTy::Regular {
                     ty: container,
-                    substs,
+                    args,
                     arg: index,
                 }),
             ))),
@@ -117,12 +111,12 @@ fn external_generic_args<'tcx>(
     did: DefId,
     has_self: bool,
     bindings: ThinVec<TypeBinding>,
-    substs: ty::Binder<'tcx, SubstsRef<'tcx>>,
+    ty_args: ty::Binder<'tcx, GenericArgsRef<'tcx>>,
 ) -> GenericArgs {
-    let args = substs_to_args(cx, substs.map_bound(|substs| &substs[..]), has_self, Some(did));
+    let args = ty_args_to_args(cx, ty_args.map_bound(|args| &args[..]), has_self, Some(did));
 
     if cx.tcx.fn_trait_kind_from_def_id(did).is_some() {
-        let ty = substs
+        let ty = ty_args
             .iter()
             .nth(if has_self { 1 } else { 0 })
             .unwrap()
@@ -150,7 +144,7 @@ pub(super) fn external_path<'tcx>(
     did: DefId,
     has_self: bool,
     bindings: ThinVec<TypeBinding>,
-    substs: ty::Binder<'tcx, SubstsRef<'tcx>>,
+    args: ty::Binder<'tcx, GenericArgsRef<'tcx>>,
 ) -> Path {
     let def_kind = cx.tcx.def_kind(did);
     let name = cx.tcx.item_name(did);
@@ -158,7 +152,7 @@ pub(super) fn external_path<'tcx>(
         res: Res::Def(def_kind, did),
         segments: thin_vec![PathSegment {
             name,
-            args: external_generic_args(cx, did, has_self, bindings, substs),
+            args: external_generic_args(cx, did, has_self, bindings, args),
         }],
     }
 }
@@ -253,7 +247,7 @@ pub(crate) fn name_from_pat(p: &hir::Pat<'_>) -> Symbol {
 
 pub(crate) fn print_const(cx: &DocContext<'_>, n: ty::Const<'_>) -> String {
     match n.kind() {
-        ty::ConstKind::Unevaluated(ty::UnevaluatedConst { def, substs: _ }) => {
+        ty::ConstKind::Unevaluated(ty::UnevaluatedConst { def, args: _ }) => {
             let s = if let Some(def) = def.as_local() {
                 print_const_expr(cx.tcx, cx.tcx.hir().body_owned_by(def))
             } else {
@@ -278,7 +272,7 @@ pub(crate) fn print_evaluated_const(
     underscores_and_type: bool,
 ) -> Option<String> {
     tcx.const_eval_poly(def_id).ok().and_then(|val| {
-        let ty = tcx.type_of(def_id).subst_identity();
+        let ty = tcx.type_of(def_id).instantiate_identity();
         match (val, ty.kind()) {
             (_, &ty::Ref(..)) => None,
             (ConstValue::Scalar(_), &ty::Adt(_, _)) => None,
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/core.rs b/src/librustdoc/core.rs
index 9687b8b1887..1bd40aea823 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/core.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/core.rs
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ pub(crate) struct DocContext<'tcx> {
     // The current set of parameter substitutions,
     // for expanding type aliases at the HIR level:
     /// Table `DefId` of type, lifetime, or const parameter -> substituted type, lifetime, or const
-    pub(crate) substs: DefIdMap<clean::SubstParam>,
+    pub(crate) args: DefIdMap<clean::SubstParam>,
     pub(crate) current_type_aliases: DefIdMap<usize>,
     /// Table synthetic type parameter for `impl Trait` in argument position -> bounds
     pub(crate) impl_trait_bounds: FxHashMap<ImplTraitParam, Vec<clean::GenericBound>>,
@@ -85,17 +85,17 @@ impl<'tcx> DocContext<'tcx> {
     /// the substitutions for a type alias' RHS.
     pub(crate) fn enter_alias<F, R>(
         &mut self,
-        substs: DefIdMap<clean::SubstParam>,
+        args: DefIdMap<clean::SubstParam>,
         def_id: DefId,
         f: F,
     ) -> R
     where
         F: FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R,
     {
-        let old_substs = mem::replace(&mut self.substs, substs);
+        let old_args = mem::replace(&mut self.args, args);
         *self.current_type_aliases.entry(def_id).or_insert(0) += 1;
         let r = f(self);
-        self.substs = old_substs;
+        self.args = old_args;
         if let Some(count) = self.current_type_aliases.get_mut(&def_id) {
             *count -= 1;
             if *count == 0 {
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ pub(crate) fn run_global_ctxt(
         param_env: ParamEnv::empty(),
         external_traits: Default::default(),
         active_extern_traits: Default::default(),
-        substs: Default::default(),
+        args: Default::default(),
         current_type_aliases: Default::default(),
         impl_trait_bounds: Default::default(),
         generated_synthetics: Default::default(),
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/doctest.rs b/src/librustdoc/doctest.rs
index 217257316c8..6047cf23350 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/doctest.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/doctest.rs
@@ -653,8 +653,7 @@ pub(crate) fn make_test(
             (found_main, found_extern_crate, found_macro)
         })
     });
-    let Ok((already_has_main, already_has_extern_crate, found_macro)) = result
-    else {
+    let Ok((already_has_main, already_has_extern_crate, found_macro)) = result else {
         // If the parser panicked due to a fatal error, pass the test code through unchanged.
         // The error will be reported during compilation.
         return (s.to_owned(), 0, false);
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/formats/cache.rs b/src/librustdoc/formats/cache.rs
index dac762e9ff9..6b48936cc59 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/formats/cache.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/formats/cache.rs
@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> DocFolder for CacheBuilder<'a, 'tcx> {
                 | clean::BorrowedRef { type_: box clean::Type::Path { ref path }, .. } => {
                     dids.insert(path.def_id());
                     if let Some(generics) = path.generics() &&
-                        let ty::Adt(adt, _) = self.tcx.type_of(path.def_id()).subst_identity().kind() &&
+                        let ty::Adt(adt, _) = self.tcx.type_of(path.def_id()).instantiate_identity().kind() &&
                         adt.is_fundamental() {
                         for ty in generics {
                             if let Some(did) = ty.def_id(self.cache) {
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/formats/renderer.rs b/src/librustdoc/formats/renderer.rs
index 6f9cc026675..c49f1a4d37e 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/formats/renderer.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/formats/renderer.rs
@@ -77,8 +77,11 @@ pub(crate) fn run_format<'tcx, T: FormatRenderer<'tcx>>(
                 prof.generic_activity_with_arg("render_mod_item", item.name.unwrap().to_string());
 
             cx.mod_item_in(&item)?;
-            let (clean::StrippedItem(box clean::ModuleItem(module)) | clean::ModuleItem(module)) = *item.kind
-            else { unreachable!() };
+            let (clean::StrippedItem(box clean::ModuleItem(module)) | clean::ModuleItem(module)) =
+                *item.kind
+            else {
+                unreachable!()
+            };
             for it in module.items {
                 debug!("Adding {:?} to worklist", it.name);
                 work.push((cx.make_child_renderer(), it));
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/html/format.rs b/src/librustdoc/html/format.rs
index 54c0cd2ef7f..1099c68b004 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/html/format.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/html/format.rs
@@ -771,9 +771,10 @@ pub(crate) fn href_relative_parts<'fqp>(
 
 pub(crate) fn link_tooltip(did: DefId, fragment: &Option<UrlFragment>, cx: &Context<'_>) -> String {
     let cache = cx.cache();
-    let Some((fqp, shortty)) = cache.paths.get(&did)
-        .or_else(|| cache.external_paths.get(&did))
-        else { return String::new() };
+    let Some((fqp, shortty)) = cache.paths.get(&did).or_else(|| cache.external_paths.get(&did))
+    else {
+        return String::new();
+    };
     let mut buf = Buffer::new();
     let fqp = if *shortty == ItemType::Primitive {
         // primitives are documented in a crate, but not actually part of it
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/html/highlight.rs b/src/librustdoc/html/highlight.rs
index c94968b4817..a99ac0f4e05 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/html/highlight.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/html/highlight.rs
@@ -928,13 +928,11 @@ fn string_without_closing_tag<T: Display>(
     href_context: &Option<HrefContext<'_, '_>>,
     open_tag: bool,
 ) -> Option<&'static str> {
-    let Some(klass) = klass
-    else {
+    let Some(klass) = klass else {
         write!(out, "{}", text).unwrap();
         return None;
     };
-    let Some(def_span) = klass.get_span()
-    else {
+    let Some(def_span) = klass.get_span() else {
         if !open_tag {
             write!(out, "{}", text).unwrap();
             return None;
@@ -988,6 +986,11 @@ fn string_without_closing_tag<T: Display>(
                     )
                     .ok()
                     .map(|(url, _, _)| url),
+                    LinkFromSrc::Doc(def_id) => {
+                        format::href_with_root_path(*def_id, context, Some(&href_context.root_path))
+                            .ok()
+                            .map(|(doc_link, _, _)| doc_link)
+                    }
                 }
             })
         {
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/html/render/context.rs b/src/librustdoc/html/render/context.rs
index 4c476263635..aa72af001df 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/html/render/context.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/html/render/context.rs
@@ -805,8 +805,11 @@ impl<'tcx> FormatRenderer<'tcx> for Context<'tcx> {
 
         // Render sidebar-items.js used throughout this module.
         if !self.render_redirect_pages {
-            let (clean::StrippedItem(box clean::ModuleItem(ref module)) | clean::ModuleItem(ref module)) = *item.kind
-            else { unreachable!() };
+            let (clean::StrippedItem(box clean::ModuleItem(ref module))
+            | clean::ModuleItem(ref module)) = *item.kind
+            else {
+                unreachable!()
+            };
             let items = self.build_sidebar_items(module);
             let js_dst = self.dst.join(&format!("sidebar-items{}.js", self.shared.resource_suffix));
             let v = format!("window.SIDEBAR_ITEMS = {};", serde_json::to_string(&items).unwrap());
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/html/render/mod.rs b/src/librustdoc/html/render/mod.rs
index f923f905451..575ce6aa99a 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/html/render/mod.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/html/render/mod.rs
@@ -1821,9 +1821,9 @@ fn render_rightside(
     );
     if let Some(l) = src_href {
         if has_stability {
-            write!(rightside, " · <a class=\"srclink\" href=\"{}\">source</a>", l)
+            write!(rightside, " · <a class=\"src\" href=\"{}\">source</a>", l)
         } else {
-            write!(rightside, "<a class=\"srclink rightside\" href=\"{}\">source</a>", l)
+            write!(rightside, "<a class=\"src rightside\" href=\"{}\">source</a>", l)
         }
     }
     if has_stability && has_src_ref {
@@ -1988,7 +1988,9 @@ pub(crate) fn get_filtered_impls_for_reference<'a>(
 ) -> (Vec<&'a Impl>, Vec<&'a Impl>, Vec<&'a Impl>) {
     let def_id = it.item_id.expect_def_id();
     // If the reference primitive is somehow not defined, exit early.
-    let Some(v) = shared.cache.impls.get(&def_id) else { return (Vec::new(), Vec::new(), Vec::new()) };
+    let Some(v) = shared.cache.impls.get(&def_id) else {
+        return (Vec::new(), Vec::new(), Vec::new());
+    };
     // Since there is no "direct implementation" on the reference primitive type, we filter out
     // every implementation which isn't a trait implementation.
     let traits = v.iter().filter(|i| i.inner_impl().trait_.is_some());
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/html/render/span_map.rs b/src/librustdoc/html/render/span_map.rs
index eb9262f472b..ac587bf6008 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/html/render/span_map.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/html/render/span_map.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-use crate::clean::{self, PrimitiveType};
+use crate::clean::{self, rustc_span, PrimitiveType};
 use crate::html::sources;
 
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashMap;
 use rustc_hir::def::{DefKind, Res};
-use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
+use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefId, LOCAL_CRATE};
 use rustc_hir::intravisit::{self, Visitor};
-use rustc_hir::{ExprKind, HirId, Mod, Node};
+use rustc_hir::{ExprKind, HirId, Item, ItemKind, Mod, Node};
 use rustc_middle::hir::nested_filter;
 use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
 use rustc_span::hygiene::MacroKind;
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ pub(crate) enum LinkFromSrc {
     Local(clean::Span),
     External(DefId),
     Primitive(PrimitiveType),
+    Doc(DefId),
 }
 
 /// This function will do at most two things:
@@ -65,24 +66,43 @@ struct SpanMapVisitor<'tcx> {
 impl<'tcx> SpanMapVisitor<'tcx> {
     /// This function is where we handle `hir::Path` elements and add them into the "span map".
     fn handle_path(&mut self, path: &rustc_hir::Path<'_>) {
-        let info = match path.res {
+        match path.res {
             // FIXME: For now, we handle `DefKind` if it's not a `DefKind::TyParam`.
             // Would be nice to support them too alongside the other `DefKind`
             // (such as primitive types!).
-            Res::Def(kind, def_id) if kind != DefKind::TyParam => Some(def_id),
-            Res::Local(_) => None,
+            Res::Def(kind, def_id) if kind != DefKind::TyParam => {
+                let link = if def_id.as_local().is_some() {
+                    LinkFromSrc::Local(rustc_span(def_id, self.tcx))
+                } else {
+                    LinkFromSrc::External(def_id)
+                };
+                self.matches.insert(path.span, link);
+            }
+            Res::Local(_) => {
+                if let Some(span) = self.tcx.hir().res_span(path.res) {
+                    self.matches.insert(path.span, LinkFromSrc::Local(clean::Span::new(span)));
+                }
+            }
             Res::PrimTy(p) => {
                 // FIXME: Doesn't handle "path-like" primitives like arrays or tuples.
                 self.matches.insert(path.span, LinkFromSrc::Primitive(PrimitiveType::from(p)));
-                return;
             }
-            Res::Err => return,
-            _ => return,
-        };
-        if let Some(span) = self.tcx.hir().res_span(path.res) {
-            self.matches.insert(path.span, LinkFromSrc::Local(clean::Span::new(span)));
-        } else if let Some(def_id) = info {
-            self.matches.insert(path.span, LinkFromSrc::External(def_id));
+            Res::Err => {}
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Used to generate links on items' definition to go to their documentation page.
+    pub(crate) fn extract_info_from_hir_id(&mut self, hir_id: HirId) {
+        if let Some(Node::Item(item)) = self.tcx.hir().find(hir_id) {
+            if let Some(span) = self.tcx.def_ident_span(item.owner_id) {
+                let cspan = clean::Span::new(span);
+                // If the span isn't from the current crate, we ignore it.
+                if cspan.inner().is_dummy() || cspan.cnum(self.tcx.sess) != LOCAL_CRATE {
+                    return;
+                }
+                self.matches.insert(span, LinkFromSrc::Doc(item.owner_id.to_def_id()));
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -117,10 +137,13 @@ impl<'tcx> SpanMapVisitor<'tcx> {
             _ => return true,
         };
         let link_from_src = match data.macro_def_id {
-            Some(macro_def_id) if macro_def_id.is_local() => {
-                LinkFromSrc::Local(clean::Span::new(data.def_site))
+            Some(macro_def_id) => {
+                if macro_def_id.is_local() {
+                    LinkFromSrc::Local(clean::Span::new(data.def_site))
+                } else {
+                    LinkFromSrc::External(macro_def_id)
+                }
             }
-            Some(macro_def_id) => LinkFromSrc::External(macro_def_id),
             None => return true,
         };
         let new_span = data.call_site;
@@ -160,6 +183,9 @@ impl<'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for SpanMapVisitor<'tcx> {
                     LinkFromSrc::Local(clean::Span::new(m.spans.inner_span)),
                 );
             }
+        } else {
+            // If it's a "mod foo {}", we want to look to its documentation page.
+            self.extract_info_from_hir_id(id);
         }
         intravisit::walk_mod(self, m, id);
     }
@@ -176,13 +202,12 @@ impl<'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for SpanMapVisitor<'tcx> {
                 .tcx
                 .typeck_body(hir.maybe_body_owned_by(body_id).expect("a body which isn't a body"));
             if let Some(def_id) = typeck_results.type_dependent_def_id(expr.hir_id) {
-                self.matches.insert(
-                    segment.ident.span,
-                    match hir.span_if_local(def_id) {
-                        Some(span) => LinkFromSrc::Local(clean::Span::new(span)),
-                        None => LinkFromSrc::External(def_id),
-                    },
-                );
+                let link = if def_id.as_local().is_some() {
+                    LinkFromSrc::Local(rustc_span(def_id, self.tcx))
+                } else {
+                    LinkFromSrc::External(def_id)
+                };
+                self.matches.insert(segment.ident.span, link);
             }
         } else if self.handle_macro(expr.span) {
             // We don't want to go deeper into the macro.
@@ -190,4 +215,28 @@ impl<'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for SpanMapVisitor<'tcx> {
         }
         intravisit::walk_expr(self, expr);
     }
+
+    fn visit_item(&mut self, item: &'tcx Item<'tcx>) {
+        match item.kind {
+            ItemKind::Static(_, _, _)
+            | ItemKind::Const(_, _)
+            | ItemKind::Fn(_, _, _)
+            | ItemKind::Macro(_, _)
+            | ItemKind::TyAlias(_, _)
+            | ItemKind::Enum(_, _)
+            | ItemKind::Struct(_, _)
+            | ItemKind::Union(_, _)
+            | ItemKind::Trait(_, _, _, _, _)
+            | ItemKind::TraitAlias(_, _) => self.extract_info_from_hir_id(item.hir_id()),
+            ItemKind::Impl(_)
+            | ItemKind::Use(_, _)
+            | ItemKind::ExternCrate(_)
+            | ItemKind::ForeignMod { .. }
+            | ItemKind::GlobalAsm(_)
+            | ItemKind::OpaqueTy(_)
+            // We already have "visit_mod" above so no need to check it here.
+            | ItemKind::Mod(_) => {}
+        }
+        intravisit::walk_item(self, item);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/html/render/type_layout.rs b/src/librustdoc/html/render/type_layout.rs
index 0bc32ea5a20..377daaeb9d4 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/html/render/type_layout.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/html/render/type_layout.rs
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ pub(crate) fn document_type_layout<'a, 'cx: 'a>(
 
         let tcx = cx.tcx();
         let param_env = tcx.param_env(ty_def_id);
-        let ty = tcx.type_of(ty_def_id).subst_identity();
+        let ty = tcx.type_of(ty_def_id).instantiate_identity();
         let type_layout = tcx.layout_of(param_env.and(ty));
 
         let variants =
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/html/render/write_shared.rs b/src/librustdoc/html/render/write_shared.rs
index 54749e9a317..3f41765a5af 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/html/render/write_shared.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/html/render/write_shared.rs
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ pub(super) fn write_shared(
             hierarchy.add_path(source);
         }
         let hierarchy = Rc::try_unwrap(hierarchy).unwrap();
-        let dst = cx.dst.join(&format!("source-files{}.js", cx.shared.resource_suffix));
+        let dst = cx.dst.join(&format!("src-files{}.js", cx.shared.resource_suffix));
         let make_sources = || {
             let (mut all_sources, _krates) =
                 try_err!(collect_json(&dst, krate.name(cx.tcx()).as_str()), &dst);
@@ -286,12 +286,12 @@ pub(super) fn write_shared(
                     .replace("\\\"", "\\\\\"")
             ));
             all_sources.sort();
-            let mut v = String::from("var sourcesIndex = JSON.parse('{\\\n");
+            let mut v = String::from("var srcIndex = JSON.parse('{\\\n");
             v.push_str(&all_sources.join(",\\\n"));
-            v.push_str("\\\n}');\ncreateSourceSidebar();\n");
+            v.push_str("\\\n}');\ncreateSrcSidebar();\n");
             Ok(v.into_bytes())
         };
-        write_invocation_specific("source-files.js", &make_sources)?;
+        write_invocation_specific("src-files.js", &make_sources)?;
     }
 
     // Update the search index and crate list.
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/html/sources.rs b/src/librustdoc/html/sources.rs
index a26fa374912..3e3fc8a0e72 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/html/sources.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/html/sources.rs
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ impl SourceCollector<'_, '_> {
         let desc = format!("Source of the Rust file `{}`.", filename.prefer_remapped());
         let page = layout::Page {
             title: &title,
-            css_class: "source",
+            css_class: "src",
             root_path: &root_path,
             static_root_path: shared.static_root_path.as_deref(),
             description: &desc,
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/html/static/css/noscript.css b/src/librustdoc/html/static/css/noscript.css
index 54e8b6561f3..93aa11a5852 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/html/static/css/noscript.css
+++ b/src/librustdoc/html/static/css/noscript.css
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ nav.sub {
 	display: none;
 }
 
-.source .sidebar {
+.src .sidebar {
 	display: none;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/html/static/css/rustdoc.css b/src/librustdoc/html/static/css/rustdoc.css
index b7f455259ef..9209915895a 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/html/static/css/rustdoc.css
+++ b/src/librustdoc/html/static/css/rustdoc.css
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6,
 .item-name > a,
 .out-of-band,
 span.since,
-a.srclink,
+a.src,
 #help-button > a,
 summary.hideme,
 .scraped-example-list,
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ ul.all-items {
 #toggle-all-docs,
 a.anchor,
 .small-section-header a,
-#source-sidebar a,
+#src-sidebar a,
 .rust a,
 .sidebar h2 a,
 .sidebar h3 a,
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ main {
 	min-width: 0; /* avoid growing beyond the size limit */
 }
 
-.source main {
+.src main {
 	padding: 15px;
 }
 
@@ -350,10 +350,10 @@ pre.item-decl {
 	contain: initial;
 }
 
-.source .content pre {
+.src .content pre {
 	padding: 20px;
 }
-.rustdoc.source .example-wrap pre.src-line-numbers  {
+.rustdoc.src .example-wrap pre.src-line-numbers  {
 	padding: 20px 0 20px 4px;
 }
 
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ img {
 	left: 0;
 }
 
-.rustdoc.source .sidebar {
+.rustdoc.src .sidebar {
 	flex-basis: 50px;
 	border-right: 1px solid;
 	overflow-x: hidden;
@@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ img {
 }
 
 .sidebar, .mobile-topbar, .sidebar-menu-toggle,
-#src-sidebar-toggle, #source-sidebar {
+#src-sidebar-toggle, #src-sidebar {
 	background-color: var(--sidebar-background-color);
 }
 
@@ -410,16 +410,16 @@ img {
 	background-color: var(--sidebar-background-color-hover);
 }
 
-.source .sidebar > *:not(#src-sidebar-toggle) {
+.src .sidebar > *:not(#src-sidebar-toggle) {
 	visibility: hidden;
 }
 
-.source-sidebar-expanded .source .sidebar {
+.src-sidebar-expanded .src .sidebar {
 	overflow-y: auto;
 	flex-basis: 300px;
 }
 
-.source-sidebar-expanded .source .sidebar > *:not(#src-sidebar-toggle) {
+.src-sidebar-expanded .src .sidebar > *:not(#src-sidebar-toggle) {
 	visibility: visible;
 }
 
@@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ ul.block, .block li {
 	flex-grow: 1;
 }
 
-.rustdoc:not(.source) .example-wrap pre {
+.rustdoc:not(.src) .example-wrap pre {
 	overflow: auto hidden;
 }
 
@@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ ul.block, .block li {
 }
 
 .docblock code, .docblock-short code,
-pre, .rustdoc.source .example-wrap {
+pre, .rustdoc.src .example-wrap {
 	background-color: var(--code-block-background-color);
 }
 
@@ -676,7 +676,7 @@ nav.sub {
 	height: 34px;
 	flex-grow: 1;
 }
-.source nav.sub {
+.src nav.sub {
 	margin: 0 0 15px 0;
 }
 
@@ -1074,7 +1074,7 @@ pre.rust .doccomment {
 	color: var(--code-highlight-doc-comment-color);
 }
 
-.rustdoc.source .example-wrap pre.rust a {
+.rustdoc.src .example-wrap pre.rust a {
 	background: var(--codeblock-link-background);
 }
 
@@ -1301,22 +1301,22 @@ a.tooltip:hover::after {
 	align-items: stretch;
 	z-index: 10;
 }
-#source-sidebar {
+#src-sidebar {
 	width: 100%;
 	overflow: auto;
 }
-#source-sidebar > .title {
+#src-sidebar > .title {
 	font-size: 1.5rem;
 	text-align: center;
 	border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);
 	margin-bottom: 6px;
 }
-#source-sidebar div.files > a:hover, details.dir-entry summary:hover,
-#source-sidebar div.files > a:focus, details.dir-entry summary:focus {
-	background-color: var(--source-sidebar-background-hover);
+#src-sidebar div.files > a:hover, details.dir-entry summary:hover,
+#src-sidebar div.files > a:focus, details.dir-entry summary:focus {
+	background-color: var(--src-sidebar-background-hover);
 }
-#source-sidebar div.files > a.selected {
-	background-color: var(--source-sidebar-background-selected);
+#src-sidebar div.files > a.selected {
+	background-color: var(--src-sidebar-background-selected);
 }
 #src-sidebar-toggle > button {
 	font-size: inherit;
@@ -1562,7 +1562,7 @@ However, it's not needed with smaller screen width because the doc/code block is
 /*
 WARNING: RUSTDOC_MOBILE_BREAKPOINT MEDIA QUERY
 If you update this line, then you also need to update the line with the same warning
-in source-script.js
+in src-script.js
 */
 @media (max-width: 700px) {
 	/* When linking to an item with an `id` (for instance, by clicking a link in the sidebar,
@@ -1619,8 +1619,8 @@ in source-script.js
 
 	/* The source view uses a different design for the sidebar toggle, and doesn't have a topbar,
 	   so don't bump down the main content or the sidebar. */
-	.source main,
-	.rustdoc.source .sidebar {
+	.src main,
+	.rustdoc.src .sidebar {
 		top: 0;
 		padding: 0;
 		height: 100vh;
@@ -1628,8 +1628,8 @@ in source-script.js
 	}
 
 	.sidebar.shown,
-	.source-sidebar-expanded .source .sidebar,
-	.rustdoc:not(.source) .sidebar:focus-within {
+	.src-sidebar-expanded .src .sidebar,
+	.rustdoc:not(.src) .sidebar:focus-within {
 		left: 0;
 	}
 
@@ -1709,7 +1709,7 @@ in source-script.js
 		border-left: 0;
 	}
 
-	.source-sidebar-expanded #src-sidebar-toggle {
+	.src-sidebar-expanded #src-sidebar-toggle {
 		left: unset;
 		top: unset;
 		width: unset;
@@ -1749,7 +1749,7 @@ in source-script.js
 		display: inline;
 	}
 
-	.source-sidebar-expanded .source .sidebar {
+	.src-sidebar-expanded .src .sidebar {
 		max-width: 100vw;
 		width: 100vw;
 	}
@@ -1769,7 +1769,7 @@ in source-script.js
 		margin-left: 34px;
 	}
 
-	.source nav.sub {
+	.src nav.sub {
 		margin: 0;
 		padding: var(--nav-sub-mobile-padding);
 	}
@@ -1792,7 +1792,7 @@ in source-script.js
 }
 
 @media print {
-	nav.sidebar, nav.sub, .out-of-band, a.srclink, #copy-path,
+	nav.sidebar, nav.sub, .out-of-band, a.src, #copy-path,
 	details.toggle[open] > summary::before, details.toggle > summary::before,
 	details.toggle.top-doc > summary {
 		display: none;
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/html/static/css/themes/ayu.css b/src/librustdoc/html/static/css/themes/ayu.css
index 7145baad256..d8dae51eb1b 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/html/static/css/themes/ayu.css
+++ b/src/librustdoc/html/static/css/themes/ayu.css
@@ -89,8 +89,8 @@ Original by Dempfi (https://github.com/dempfi/ayu)
 	--crate-search-div-hover-filter: invert(98%) sepia(12%) saturate(81%) hue-rotate(343deg)
 		brightness(113%) contrast(76%);
 	--crate-search-hover-border: #e0e0e0;
-	--source-sidebar-background-selected: #14191f;
-	--source-sidebar-background-hover: #14191f;
+	--src-sidebar-background-selected: #14191f;
+	--src-sidebar-background-hover: #14191f;
 	--table-alt-row-background-color: #191f26;
 	--codeblock-link-background: #333;
 	--scrape-example-toggle-line-background: #999;
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ Original by Dempfi (https://github.com/dempfi/ayu)
 
 h1, h2, h3, h4,
 h1 a, .sidebar h2 a, .sidebar h3 a,
-#source-sidebar > .title {
+#src-sidebar > .title {
 	color: #fff;
 }
 h4 {
@@ -124,15 +124,15 @@ h4 {
 .docblock pre > code,
 pre, pre > code,
 .item-info code,
-.rustdoc.source .example-wrap {
+.rustdoc.src .example-wrap {
 	color: #e6e1cf;
 }
 
 .sidebar .current,
 .sidebar a:hover,
-#source-sidebar div.files > a:hover, details.dir-entry summary:hover,
-#source-sidebar div.files > a:focus, details.dir-entry summary:focus,
-#source-sidebar div.files > a.selected {
+#src-sidebar div.files > a:hover, details.dir-entry summary:hover,
+#src-sidebar div.files > a:focus, details.dir-entry summary:focus,
+#src-sidebar div.files > a.selected {
 	color: #ffb44c;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/html/static/css/themes/dark.css b/src/librustdoc/html/static/css/themes/dark.css
index 3c1186a5649..b653f61d536 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/html/static/css/themes/dark.css
+++ b/src/librustdoc/html/static/css/themes/dark.css
@@ -84,8 +84,8 @@
 	--crate-search-div-hover-filter: invert(69%) sepia(60%) saturate(6613%) hue-rotate(184deg)
 		brightness(100%) contrast(91%);
 	--crate-search-hover-border: #2196f3;
-	--source-sidebar-background-selected: #333;
-	--source-sidebar-background-hover: #444;
+	--src-sidebar-background-selected: #333;
+	--src-sidebar-background-hover: #444;
 	--table-alt-row-background-color: #2A2A2A;
 	--codeblock-link-background: #333;
 	--scrape-example-toggle-line-background: #999;
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/html/static/css/themes/light.css b/src/librustdoc/html/static/css/themes/light.css
index f8c287137de..6be25fc0544 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/html/static/css/themes/light.css
+++ b/src/librustdoc/html/static/css/themes/light.css
@@ -81,8 +81,8 @@
 	--crate-search-div-hover-filter: invert(44%) sepia(18%) saturate(23%) hue-rotate(317deg)
 		brightness(96%) contrast(93%);
 	--crate-search-hover-border: #717171;
-	--source-sidebar-background-selected: #fff;
-	--source-sidebar-background-hover: #e0e0e0;
+	--src-sidebar-background-selected: #fff;
+	--src-sidebar-background-hover: #e0e0e0;
 	--table-alt-row-background-color: #F5F5F5;
 	--codeblock-link-background: #eee;
 	--scrape-example-toggle-line-background: #ccc;
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/html/static/js/source-script.js b/src/librustdoc/html/static/js/src-script.js
index 6eb99136040..679c2341f02 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/html/static/js/source-script.js
+++ b/src/librustdoc/html/static/js/src-script.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // From rust:
-/* global sourcesIndex */
+/* global srcIndex */
 
 // Local js definitions:
 /* global addClass, getCurrentValue, onEachLazy, removeClass, browserSupportsHistoryApi */
@@ -74,11 +74,11 @@ function createDirEntry(elem, parent, fullPath, hasFoundFile) {
 function toggleSidebar() {
     const child = this.parentNode.children[0];
     if (child.innerText === ">") {
-        addClass(document.documentElement, "source-sidebar-expanded");
+        addClass(document.documentElement, "src-sidebar-expanded");
         child.innerText = "<";
         updateLocalStorage("source-sidebar-show", "true");
     } else {
-        removeClass(document.documentElement, "source-sidebar-expanded");
+        removeClass(document.documentElement, "src-sidebar-expanded");
         child.innerText = ">";
         updateLocalStorage("source-sidebar-show", "false");
     }
@@ -101,16 +101,16 @@ function createSidebarToggle() {
     return sidebarToggle;
 }
 
-// This function is called from "source-files.js", generated in `html/render/write_shared.rs`.
+// This function is called from "src-files.js", generated in `html/render/write_shared.rs`.
 // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars
-function createSourceSidebar() {
+function createSrcSidebar() {
     const container = document.querySelector("nav.sidebar");
 
     const sidebarToggle = createSidebarToggle();
     container.insertBefore(sidebarToggle, container.firstChild);
 
     const sidebar = document.createElement("div");
-    sidebar.id = "source-sidebar";
+    sidebar.id = "src-sidebar";
 
     let hasFoundFile = false;
 
@@ -118,9 +118,9 @@ function createSourceSidebar() {
     title.className = "title";
     title.innerText = "Files";
     sidebar.appendChild(title);
-    Object.keys(sourcesIndex).forEach(key => {
-        sourcesIndex[key][NAME_OFFSET] = key;
-        hasFoundFile = createDirEntry(sourcesIndex[key], sidebar, "", hasFoundFile);
+    Object.keys(srcIndex).forEach(key => {
+        srcIndex[key][NAME_OFFSET] = key;
+        hasFoundFile = createDirEntry(srcIndex[key], sidebar, "", hasFoundFile);
     });
 
     container.appendChild(sidebar);
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ function createSourceSidebar() {
 
 const lineNumbersRegex = /^#?(\d+)(?:-(\d+))?$/;
 
-function highlightSourceLines(match) {
+function highlightSrcLines(match) {
     if (typeof match === "undefined") {
         match = window.location.hash.match(lineNumbersRegex);
     }
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ function highlightSourceLines(match) {
     }
 }
 
-const handleSourceHighlight = (function() {
+const handleSrcHighlight = (function() {
     let prev_line_id = 0;
 
     const set_fragment = name => {
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ const handleSourceHighlight = (function() {
             y = window.scrollY;
         if (browserSupportsHistoryApi()) {
             history.replaceState(null, null, "#" + name);
-            highlightSourceLines();
+            highlightSrcLines();
         } else {
             location.replace("#" + name);
         }
@@ -221,15 +221,15 @@ const handleSourceHighlight = (function() {
 window.addEventListener("hashchange", () => {
     const match = window.location.hash.match(lineNumbersRegex);
     if (match) {
-        return highlightSourceLines(match);
+        return highlightSrcLines(match);
     }
 });
 
 onEachLazy(document.getElementsByClassName("src-line-numbers"), el => {
-    el.addEventListener("click", handleSourceHighlight);
+    el.addEventListener("click", handleSrcHighlight);
 });
 
-highlightSourceLines();
+highlightSrcLines();
 
-window.createSourceSidebar = createSourceSidebar;
+window.createSrcSidebar = createSrcSidebar;
 })();
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/html/static/js/storage.js b/src/librustdoc/html/static/js/storage.js
index 71961f6f2a9..af3ca42a6c0 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/html/static/js/storage.js
+++ b/src/librustdoc/html/static/js/storage.js
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ updateTheme();
 if (getSettingValue("source-sidebar-show") === "true") {
     // At this point in page load, `document.body` is not available yet.
     // Set a class on the `<html>` element instead.
-    addClass(document.documentElement, "source-sidebar-expanded");
+    addClass(document.documentElement, "src-sidebar-expanded");
 }
 
 // If we navigate away (for example to a settings page), and then use the back or
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/html/static_files.rs b/src/librustdoc/html/static_files.rs
index 767b974cc91..5d2e4b073c1 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/html/static_files.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/html/static_files.rs
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ static_files! {
     main_js => "static/js/main.js",
     search_js => "static/js/search.js",
     settings_js => "static/js/settings.js",
-    source_script_js => "static/js/source-script.js",
+    src_script_js => "static/js/src-script.js",
     storage_js => "static/js/storage.js",
     scrape_examples_js => "static/js/scrape-examples.js",
     wheel_svg => "static/images/wheel.svg",
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/html/templates/page.html b/src/librustdoc/html/templates/page.html
index d4ec9c34b6f..60ccfe4da44 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/html/templates/page.html
+++ b/src/librustdoc/html/templates/page.html
@@ -42,9 +42,9 @@
     <script src="{{static_root_path|safe}}{{files.storage_js}}"></script> {# #}
     {% if page.css_class.contains("crate") %}
     <script defer src="{{page.root_path|safe}}crates{{page.resource_suffix}}.js"></script> {# #}
-    {% else if page.css_class == "source" %}
-    <script defer src="{{static_root_path|safe}}{{files.source_script_js}}"></script> {# #}
-    <script defer src="{{page.root_path|safe}}source-files{{page.resource_suffix}}.js"></script> {# #}
+    {% else if page.css_class == "src" %}
+    <script defer src="{{static_root_path|safe}}{{files.src_script_js}}"></script> {# #}
+    <script defer src="{{page.root_path|safe}}src-files{{page.resource_suffix}}.js"></script> {# #}
     {% else if !page.css_class.contains("mod") %}
     <script defer src="sidebar-items{{page.resource_suffix}}.js"></script> {# #}
     {% endif %}
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@
     </div> {# #}
     <![endif]--> {# #}
     {{ layout.external_html.before_content|safe }}
-    {% if page.css_class != "source" %}
+    {% if page.css_class != "src" %}
     <nav class="mobile-topbar"> {# #}
         <button class="sidebar-menu-toggle">&#9776;</button> {# #}
         <a class="logo-container" href="{{page.root_path|safe}}{{krate_with_trailing_slash|safe}}index.html"> {# #}
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@
     </nav> {# #}
     {% endif %}
     <nav class="sidebar"> {# #}
-        {% if page.css_class != "source" %}
+        {% if page.css_class != "src" %}
         <a class="logo-container" href="{{page.root_path|safe}}{{krate_with_trailing_slash|safe}}index.html"> {# #}
             {% if !layout.logo.is_empty() %}
                 <img src="{{layout.logo}}" alt="logo"> {# #}
@@ -111,9 +111,9 @@
         {{ sidebar|safe }}
     </nav> {# #}
     <main> {# #}
-        {% if page.css_class != "source" %}<div class="width-limiter">{% endif %}
+        {% if page.css_class != "src" %}<div class="width-limiter">{% endif %}
             <nav class="sub"> {# #}
-                {% if page.css_class == "source" %}
+                {% if page.css_class == "src" %}
                 <a class="sub-logo-container" href="{{page.root_path|safe}}{{krate_with_trailing_slash|safe}}index.html"> {# #}
                     {% if !layout.logo.is_empty() %}
                         <img src="{{layout.logo}}" alt="logo"> {# #}
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@
                 </form> {# #}
             </nav> {# #}
             <section id="main-content" class="content">{{ content|safe }}</section> {# #}
-        {% if page.css_class != "source" %}</div>{% endif %}
+        {% if page.css_class != "src" %}</div>{% endif %}
     </main> {# #}
     {{ layout.external_html.after_content|safe }}
 </body> {# #}
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/html/templates/print_item.html b/src/librustdoc/html/templates/print_item.html
index 68a295ae095..1d215c26968 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/html/templates/print_item.html
+++ b/src/librustdoc/html/templates/print_item.html
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
         {% endif %}
         {% match src_href %}
             {% when Some with (href) %}
-                <a class="srclink" href="{{href|safe}}">source</a> · {#+ #}
+                <a class="src" href="{{href|safe}}">source</a> · {#+ #}
             {% else %}
         {% endmatch %}
         <button id="toggle-all-docs" title="collapse all docs"> {# #}
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/lib.rs b/src/librustdoc/lib.rs
index f28deae791a..36d087a7d5b 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/lib.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/lib.rs
@@ -744,9 +744,6 @@ fn main_args(handler: &mut EarlyErrorHandler, at_args: &[String]) -> MainResult
         }
     };
 
-    // Set parallel mode before error handler creation, which will create `Lock`s.
-    interface::set_thread_safe_mode(&options.unstable_opts);
-
     let diag = core::new_handler(
         options.error_format,
         None,
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/passes/check_doc_test_visibility.rs b/src/librustdoc/passes/check_doc_test_visibility.rs
index b6cd897d317..1aa12e3ced2 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/passes/check_doc_test_visibility.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/passes/check_doc_test_visibility.rs
@@ -106,8 +106,7 @@ pub(crate) fn should_have_doc_example(cx: &DocContext<'_>, item: &clean::Item) -
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn look_for_tests<'tcx>(cx: &DocContext<'tcx>, dox: &str, item: &Item) {
-    let Some(hir_id) = DocContext::as_local_hir_id(cx.tcx, item.item_id)
-    else {
+    let Some(hir_id) = DocContext::as_local_hir_id(cx.tcx, item.item_id) else {
         // If non-local, no need to check anything.
         return;
     };
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/passes/collect_intra_doc_links.rs b/src/librustdoc/passes/collect_intra_doc_links.rs
index ca511d956b9..91f3729bfa2 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/passes/collect_intra_doc_links.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/passes/collect_intra_doc_links.rs
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LinkCollector<'a, 'tcx> {
         let ty_res = self.resolve_path(&path, TypeNS, item_id, module_id).ok_or_else(no_res)?;
 
         match ty_res {
-            Res::Def(DefKind::Enum, did) => match tcx.type_of(did).subst_identity().kind() {
+            Res::Def(DefKind::Enum, did) => match tcx.type_of(did).instantiate_identity().kind() {
                 ty::Adt(def, _) if def.is_enum() => {
                     if let Some(variant) = def.variants().iter().find(|v| v.name == variant_name)
                         && let Some(field) = variant.fields.iter().find(|f| f.name == variant_field_name) {
@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LinkCollector<'a, 'tcx> {
     /// This is used for resolving type aliases.
     fn def_id_to_res(&self, ty_id: DefId) -> Option<Res> {
         use PrimitiveType::*;
-        Some(match *self.cx.tcx.type_of(ty_id).subst_identity().kind() {
+        Some(match *self.cx.tcx.type_of(ty_id).instantiate_identity().kind() {
             ty::Bool => Res::Primitive(Bool),
             ty::Char => Res::Primitive(Char),
             ty::Int(ity) => Res::Primitive(ity.into()),
@@ -601,7 +601,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LinkCollector<'a, 'tcx> {
                 debug!("looking for associated item named {} for item {:?}", item_name, did);
                 // Checks if item_name is a variant of the `SomeItem` enum
                 if ns == TypeNS && def_kind == DefKind::Enum {
-                    match tcx.type_of(did).subst_identity().kind() {
+                    match tcx.type_of(did).instantiate_identity().kind() {
                         ty::Adt(adt_def, _) => {
                             for variant in adt_def.variants() {
                                 if variant.name == item_name {
@@ -635,7 +635,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LinkCollector<'a, 'tcx> {
                     // To handle that properly resolve() would have to support
                     // something like [`ambi_fn`](<SomeStruct as SomeTrait>::ambi_fn)
                     assoc_items = resolve_associated_trait_item(
-                        tcx.type_of(did).subst_identity(),
+                        tcx.type_of(did).instantiate_identity(),
                         module_id,
                         item_name,
                         ns,
@@ -671,7 +671,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LinkCollector<'a, 'tcx> {
                 // they also look like associated items (`module::Type::Variant`),
                 // because they are real Rust syntax (unlike the intra-doc links
                 // field syntax) and are handled by the compiler's resolver.
-                let def = match tcx.type_of(did).subst_identity().kind() {
+                let def = match tcx.type_of(did).instantiate_identity().kind() {
                     ty::Adt(def, _) if !def.is_enum() => def,
                     _ => return Vec::new(),
                 };
@@ -1610,8 +1610,7 @@ fn report_diagnostic(
     DiagnosticInfo { item, ori_link: _, dox, link_range }: &DiagnosticInfo<'_>,
     decorate: impl FnOnce(&mut Diagnostic, Option<rustc_span::Span>, MarkdownLinkRange),
 ) {
-    let Some(hir_id) = DocContext::as_local_hir_id(tcx, item.item_id)
-    else {
+    let Some(hir_id) = DocContext::as_local_hir_id(tcx, item.item_id) else {
         // If non-local, no need to check anything.
         info!("ignoring warning from parent crate: {}", msg);
         return;
@@ -1811,7 +1810,7 @@ fn resolution_failure(
                         Res::Primitive(_) => None,
                     };
                     let is_struct_variant = |did| {
-                        if let ty::Adt(def, _) = tcx.type_of(did).subst_identity().kind()
+                        if let ty::Adt(def, _) = tcx.type_of(did).instantiate_identity().kind()
                         && def.is_enum()
                         && let Some(variant) = def.variants().iter().find(|v| v.name == res.name(tcx)) {
                             // ctor is `None` if variant is a struct
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/passes/collect_trait_impls.rs b/src/librustdoc/passes/collect_trait_impls.rs
index fbf827cce09..ff89d4e0887 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/passes/collect_trait_impls.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/passes/collect_trait_impls.rs
@@ -103,11 +103,11 @@ pub(crate) fn collect_trait_impls(mut krate: Crate, cx: &mut DocContext<'_>) ->
                     // nothing to do with the inherent impl.
                     //
                     // Rustdoc currently uses these `impl` block as a source of
-                    // the `Ty`, as well as the `ParamEnv`, `SubstsRef`, and
+                    // the `Ty`, as well as the `ParamEnv`, `GenericArgsRef`, and
                     // `Generics`. To avoid relying on the `impl` block, these
                     // things would need to be created from wholecloth, in a
                     // form that is valid for use in type inference.
-                    let ty = tcx.type_of(def_id).subst_identity();
+                    let ty = tcx.type_of(def_id).instantiate_identity();
                     match ty.kind() {
                         ty::Slice(ty)
                         | ty::Ref(_, ty, _)
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/passes/lint/bare_urls.rs b/src/librustdoc/passes/lint/bare_urls.rs
index e9cee92d22b..5658b31d9bb 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/passes/lint/bare_urls.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/passes/lint/bare_urls.rs
@@ -13,11 +13,10 @@ use std::mem;
 use std::sync::LazyLock;
 
 pub(super) fn visit_item(cx: &DocContext<'_>, item: &Item) {
-    let Some(hir_id) = DocContext::as_local_hir_id(cx.tcx, item.item_id)
-        else {
-            // If non-local, no need to check anything.
-            return;
-        };
+    let Some(hir_id) = DocContext::as_local_hir_id(cx.tcx, item.item_id) else {
+        // If non-local, no need to check anything.
+        return;
+    };
     let dox = item.doc_value();
     if !dox.is_empty() {
         let report_diag =
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/passes/lint/check_code_block_syntax.rs b/src/librustdoc/passes/lint/check_code_block_syntax.rs
index f489f5081da..369a8069593 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/passes/lint/check_code_block_syntax.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/passes/lint/check_code_block_syntax.rs
@@ -67,12 +67,11 @@ fn check_rust_syntax(
         return;
     }
 
-    let Some(local_id) = item.item_id.as_def_id().and_then(|x| x.as_local())
-        else {
-            // We don't need to check the syntax for other crates so returning
-            // without doing anything should not be a problem.
-            return;
-        };
+    let Some(local_id) = item.item_id.as_def_id().and_then(|x| x.as_local()) else {
+        // We don't need to check the syntax for other crates so returning
+        // without doing anything should not be a problem.
+        return;
+    };
 
     let empty_block = code_block.lang_string == Default::default() && code_block.is_fenced;
     let is_ignore = code_block.lang_string.ignore != markdown::Ignore::None;
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/passes/lint/html_tags.rs b/src/librustdoc/passes/lint/html_tags.rs
index 5273f52bc6f..24f452b216c 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/passes/lint/html_tags.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/passes/lint/html_tags.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@ pub(crate) fn visit_item(cx: &DocContext<'_>, item: &Item) {
     let tcx = cx.tcx;
     let Some(hir_id) = DocContext::as_local_hir_id(tcx, item.item_id)
     // If non-local, no need to check anything.
-    else { return };
+    else {
+        return;
+    };
     let dox = item.doc_value();
     if !dox.is_empty() {
         let report_diag = |msg: String, range: &Range<usize>, is_open_tag: bool| {
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/passes/propagate_doc_cfg.rs b/src/librustdoc/passes/propagate_doc_cfg.rs
index 8a33e51b3be..95273a225a9 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/passes/propagate_doc_cfg.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/passes/propagate_doc_cfg.rs
@@ -38,8 +38,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> CfgPropagator<'a, 'tcx> {
             _ => return,
         };
 
-        let Some(def_id) = item.item_id.as_def_id().and_then(|def_id| def_id.as_local())
-            else { return };
+        let Some(def_id) = item.item_id.as_def_id().and_then(|def_id| def_id.as_local()) else {
+            return;
+        };
 
         if check_parent {
             let expected_parent = self.cx.tcx.opt_local_parent(def_id);
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/scrape_examples.rs b/src/librustdoc/scrape_examples.rs
index d2fa7769bbd..647d8358840 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/scrape_examples.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/scrape_examples.rs
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ where
                 };
 
                 let ident_span = path.ident.span;
-                (tcx.type_of(def_id).subst_identity(), call_span, ident_span)
+                (tcx.type_of(def_id).instantiate_identity(), call_span, ident_span)
             }
             _ => {
                 return;
diff --git a/src/stage0.json b/src/stage0.json
index 89ad4e0a649..5f54504b8ea 100644
--- a/src/stage0.json
+++ b/src/stage0.json
@@ -17,419 +17,379 @@
     "tool is executed."
   ],
   "compiler": {
-    "date": "2023-05-30",
+    "date": "2023-07-12",
     "version": "beta"
   },
   "rustfmt": {
-    "date": "2023-05-30",
+    "date": "2023-07-13",
     "version": "nightly"
   },
   "checksums_sha256": {
-    "dist/2023-05-30/cargo-beta-aarch64-apple-darwin.tar.gz": "ec0ef9ab4514f493675cf7c6c8539d29d4d9035813f3c2fe11df9f41cacb254f",
-    "dist/2023-05-30/cargo-beta-aarch64-apple-darwin.tar.xz": "1a9aa0848d79f7e8d13ed96e9df068a95c98056eaf569e1f5baa8ed02b1bd610",
-    "dist/2023-05-30/cargo-beta-aarch64-pc-windows-msvc.tar.gz": "4617ed30df22b2fc97b02d70bffd2f08e6bffacffee5f6f7bf73799372320802",
-    "dist/2023-05-30/cargo-beta-aarch64-pc-windows-msvc.tar.xz": "a7ea7ded3eceae4a3ffd21ab3b2af0e7e63e686e1d696508f05b764af5d071b0",
-    "dist/2023-05-30/cargo-beta-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.gz": "05cd8f23b86bf8bf755d9300a344bcc6332398c81ec490a1afea8a3cfa489138",
-    "dist/2023-05-30/cargo-beta-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.xz": "fc260df9c4fc721cf55edb2d10626b51232a566ccdf0fff76859542937aa8e3a",
-    "dist/2023-05-30/cargo-beta-aarch64-unknown-linux-musl.tar.gz": "be257b324db5f97e58d56c51c1da184689aeb53052731992454101abba5e69ba",
-    "dist/2023-05-30/cargo-beta-aarch64-unknown-linux-musl.tar.xz": "d12a3399e8a59121cd70620c735a2c3b33ca12d88db8b20f7f150f640ca2c3d6",
-    "dist/2023-05-30/cargo-beta-arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi.tar.gz": "f917a6722192bdac52994306033db82afa7aed3f7f0659bd3edfa125aad26286",
-    "dist/2023-05-30/cargo-beta-arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi.tar.xz": "d19e74b6dcca36100f667f752a3e61c0f4c0376f065d925dac1a04f35a2e2df7",
-    "dist/2023-05-30/cargo-beta-arm-unknown-linux-gnueabihf.tar.gz": "4ee94ac076f491a725cfb0bd1fd562e76ba0c877f1ab3964289a93cf4d50e907",
-    "dist/2023-05-30/cargo-beta-arm-unknown-linux-gnueabihf.tar.xz": "c054bece6c071b1c2633e59f7193e25ed3e29ab1b6cad5e62d9ec71304f92cc3",
-    "dist/2023-05-30/cargo-beta-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf.tar.gz": "15ed708ecbf86769a5d3e64e2263f0c534db30f793ede9f4ea6e04fa6b462d5f",
-    "dist/2023-05-30/cargo-beta-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf.tar.xz": "b11e35f7ccf65d9ee224d4695e0f769f52ed1e87f32221ab62a79d1e818dab88",
-    "dist/2023-05-30/cargo-beta-i686-pc-windows-gnu.tar.gz": "62509f8a6c096ea442ddfbc46c16942e905cfb5017b1cf85dc94f812da243bd2",
-    "dist/2023-05-30/cargo-beta-i686-pc-windows-gnu.tar.xz": "cfb63865159c01bfa1b4db6368219f255aacc9bbd94c2d04633cd705d53c6fbe",
-    "dist/2023-05-30/cargo-beta-i686-pc-windows-msvc.tar.gz": "81c5f9e12449ce7c7dca6a32ba18fa232df19085acf5650bfbed65e228c06b57",
-    "dist/2023-05-30/cargo-beta-i686-pc-windows-msvc.tar.xz": "acbac0d53c7ab771f3ae91c8461304ba811f8a067575c148e207311f425d694f",
-    "dist/2023-05-30/cargo-beta-i686-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.gz": "0bb73bb2d3abf4065cb559e022332c6ce9d6b2223c074b974fbc39450e46e345",
-    "dist/2023-05-30/cargo-beta-i686-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.xz": "11622821b4b11a02c9262daf4aa35aa2b71407362079557be604c72962175bf7",
-    "dist/2023-05-30/cargo-beta-loongarch64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.gz": "1f7c1a3d0879d6a04396cc31ca2e41dde5f9ca8cef360c9c44b32b909f4e8d4c",
-    "dist/2023-05-30/cargo-beta-loongarch64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.xz": "8952d2e179a80ee8257d89cfd417a6df50edc07c22c0d6e3ae55a7838cf51ba9",
-    "dist/2023-05-30/cargo-beta-mips-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.gz": "931a2f303b97bd21498e51370392e9ebc66d6cdbfaf537035245988781173b45",
-    "dist/2023-05-30/cargo-beta-mips-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.xz": "ce71db299106759857ba00ab57bc275bdb4817576a51333b8bfd6a9f1d7b8010",
-    "dist/2023-05-30/cargo-beta-mips64-unknown-linux-gnuabi64.tar.gz": "3f32c9a97da50ee98a2b60e8e3f5140941d12d3374a9926f169081d3b6ab6a51",
-    "dist/2023-05-30/cargo-beta-mips64-unknown-linux-gnuabi64.tar.xz": "568732ec25848560ed886d0742fcc5c84f6aef8dba16d530853aaddc3196553c",
-    "dist/2023-05-30/cargo-beta-mips64el-unknown-linux-gnuabi64.tar.gz": "b9dafe965f6ee947b57b70ceb7317d9996ed35c11c761be45194e0415d41fd05",
-    "dist/2023-05-30/cargo-beta-mips64el-unknown-linux-gnuabi64.tar.xz": "32226b19d7d6d46a99c7ca1b4d20e4228071ea9062bea564083633a2723c495e",
-    "dist/2023-05-30/cargo-beta-mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.gz": "69f8b8dccd7bce10f5c753b0e41f46ba6f29b32499a7b1e16ddcdfd9a592b5fa",
-    "dist/2023-05-30/cargo-beta-mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.xz": "95e7e39eef157e060dda4ed8613a78d1eba5065a1a8189d887a81a12ab432d27",
-    "dist/2023-05-30/cargo-beta-powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.gz": "613a81e9fec3814e4e5467dbcff0bb83e29b450733c4b36d8442fd2e8c5dc24a",
-    "dist/2023-05-30/cargo-beta-powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.xz": "2983b7fb28441408b53a49aeb3a7089c555460c31bb91b0a11d17f448c677de8",
-    "dist/2023-05-30/cargo-beta-powerpc64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.gz": "e63195ba700e4ab778e772ca935c4d3e42ce18474f3180226d254b0874cb65f9",
-    "dist/2023-05-30/cargo-beta-powerpc64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.xz": "eaaba4a4c35cdf30ba6225f652415312cf8d8a1d7edd2e4216f2379099b6d8c8",
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   }
 }
diff --git a/src/tools/build_helper/src/ci.rs b/src/tools/build_helper/src/ci.rs
index 893195b69c2..b70ea5ec113 100644
--- a/src/tools/build_helper/src/ci.rs
+++ b/src/tools/build_helper/src/ci.rs
@@ -36,15 +36,25 @@ impl CiEnv {
 }
 
 pub mod gha {
+    use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
+
+    static GROUP_ACTIVE: AtomicBool = AtomicBool::new(false);
+
     /// All github actions log messages from this call to the Drop of the return value
     /// will be grouped and hidden by default in logs. Note that nesting these does
     /// not really work.
+    #[track_caller]
     pub fn group(name: impl std::fmt::Display) -> Group {
         if std::env::var_os("GITHUB_ACTIONS").is_some() {
             eprintln!("::group::{name}");
         } else {
             eprintln!("{name}")
         }
+        // https://github.com/actions/toolkit/issues/1001
+        assert!(
+            !GROUP_ACTIVE.swap(true, Ordering::Relaxed),
+            "nested groups are not supported by GHA!"
+        );
         Group(())
     }
 
@@ -57,6 +67,10 @@ pub mod gha {
             if std::env::var_os("GITHUB_ACTIONS").is_some() {
                 eprintln!("::endgroup::");
             }
+            assert!(
+                GROUP_ACTIVE.swap(false, Ordering::Relaxed),
+                "group dropped but no group active!"
+            );
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/tools/build_helper/src/git.rs b/src/tools/build_helper/src/git.rs
index 168633c8f63..66876e02c19 100644
--- a/src/tools/build_helper/src/git.rs
+++ b/src/tools/build_helper/src/git.rs
@@ -94,7 +94,9 @@ pub fn get_git_modified_files(
     git_dir: Option<&Path>,
     extensions: &Vec<&str>,
 ) -> Result<Option<Vec<String>>, String> {
-    let Ok(updated_master) = updated_master_branch(git_dir) else { return Ok(None); };
+    let Ok(updated_master) = updated_master_branch(git_dir) else {
+        return Ok(None);
+    };
 
     let git = || {
         let mut git = Command::new("git");
@@ -119,7 +121,9 @@ pub fn get_git_modified_files(
 
 /// Returns the files that haven't been added to git yet.
 pub fn get_git_untracked_files(git_dir: Option<&Path>) -> Result<Option<Vec<String>>, String> {
-    let Ok(_updated_master) = updated_master_branch(git_dir) else { return Ok(None); };
+    let Ok(_updated_master) = updated_master_branch(git_dir) else {
+        return Ok(None);
+    };
     let mut git = Command::new("git");
     if let Some(git_dir) = git_dir {
         git.current_dir(git_dir);
diff --git a/src/tools/build_helper/src/util.rs b/src/tools/build_helper/src/util.rs
index 11b8a228b8a..5801a8648f2 100644
--- a/src/tools/build_helper/src/util.rs
+++ b/src/tools/build_helper/src/util.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 use std::process::Command;
 
 /// Invokes `build_helper::util::detail_exit` with `cfg!(test)`
+///
+/// This is a macro instead of a function so that it uses `cfg(test)` in the *calling* crate, not in build helper.
 #[macro_export]
-macro_rules! detail_exit_macro {
+macro_rules! exit {
     ($code:expr) => {
-        build_helper::util::detail_exit($code, cfg!(test));
+        $crate::util::detail_exit($code, cfg!(test));
     };
 }
 
diff --git a/src/tools/cargo b/src/tools/cargo
-Subproject 45782b6b8afd1da042d45c2daeec9c0744f72cc
+Subproject 694a579566a9a1482b20aff8a68f0e4edd99bd2
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/assertions_on_result_states.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/assertions_on_result_states.rs
index f6d6c23bb6e..2980c9d6db3 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/assertions_on_result_states.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/assertions_on_result_states.rs
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for AssertionsOnResultStates {
             && let result_type_with_refs = cx.typeck_results().expr_ty(recv)
             && let result_type = result_type_with_refs.peel_refs()
             && is_type_diagnostic_item(cx, result_type, sym::Result)
-            && let ty::Adt(_, substs) = result_type.kind()
+            && let ty::Adt(_, args) = result_type.kind()
         {
             if !is_copy(cx, result_type) {
                 if result_type_with_refs != result_type {
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for AssertionsOnResultStates {
             let semicolon = if is_expr_final_block_expr(cx.tcx, e) {";"} else {""};
             let mut app = Applicability::MachineApplicable;
             match method_segment.ident.as_str() {
-                "is_ok" if type_suitable_to_unwrap(cx, substs.type_at(1)) => {
+                "is_ok" if type_suitable_to_unwrap(cx, args.type_at(1)) => {
                     span_lint_and_sugg(
                         cx,
                         ASSERTIONS_ON_RESULT_STATES,
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for AssertionsOnResultStates {
                         app,
                     );
                 }
-                "is_err" if type_suitable_to_unwrap(cx, substs.type_at(0)) => {
+                "is_err" if type_suitable_to_unwrap(cx, args.type_at(0)) => {
                     span_lint_and_sugg(
                         cx,
                         ASSERTIONS_ON_RESULT_STATES,
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/bool_assert_comparison.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/bool_assert_comparison.rs
index e8775b08144..d984fddc57a 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/bool_assert_comparison.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/bool_assert_comparison.rs
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ fn is_impl_not_trait_with_bool_out<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -
             )
         })
         .map_or(false, |assoc_item| {
-            let proj = Ty::new_projection(cx.tcx,assoc_item.def_id, cx.tcx.mk_substs_trait(ty, []));
+            let proj = Ty::new_projection(cx.tcx,assoc_item.def_id, cx.tcx.mk_args_trait(ty, []));
             let nty = cx.tcx.normalize_erasing_regions(cx.param_env, proj);
 
             nty.is_bool()
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/casts/as_ptr_cast_mut.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/casts/as_ptr_cast_mut.rs
index 1633ffd589c..fa1550a0ef9 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/casts/as_ptr_cast_mut.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/casts/as_ptr_cast_mut.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ pub(super) fn check(cx: &LateContext<'_>, expr: &Expr<'_>, cast_expr: &Expr<'_>,
         && let ExprKind::MethodCall(method_name, receiver, [], _) = cast_expr.peel_blocks().kind
         && method_name.ident.name == rustc_span::sym::as_ptr
         && let Some(as_ptr_did) = cx.typeck_results().type_dependent_def_id(cast_expr.peel_blocks().hir_id)
-        && let as_ptr_sig = cx.tcx.fn_sig(as_ptr_did).subst_identity()
+        && let as_ptr_sig = cx.tcx.fn_sig(as_ptr_did).instantiate_identity()
         && let Some(first_param_ty) = as_ptr_sig.skip_binder().inputs().iter().next()
         && let ty::Ref(_, _, Mutability::Not) = first_param_ty.kind()
         && let Some(recv) = snippet_opt(cx, receiver.span)
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/casts/cast_ptr_alignment.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/casts/cast_ptr_alignment.rs
index 6c8ee296c75..5bf467efa0f 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/casts/cast_ptr_alignment.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/casts/cast_ptr_alignment.rs
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ fn is_used_as_unaligned(cx: &LateContext<'_>, e: &Expr<'_>) -> bool {
             if matches!(name.ident.as_str(), "read_unaligned" | "write_unaligned")
                 && let Some(def_id) = cx.typeck_results().type_dependent_def_id(parent.hir_id)
                 && let Some(def_id) = cx.tcx.impl_of_method(def_id)
-                && cx.tcx.type_of(def_id).subst_identity().is_unsafe_ptr()
+                && cx.tcx.type_of(def_id).instantiate_identity().is_unsafe_ptr()
             {
                 true
             } else {
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/copy_iterator.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/copy_iterator.rs
index 0fc11523298..5d04ad0112d 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/copy_iterator.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/copy_iterator.rs
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for CopyIterator {
                 of_trait: Some(ref trait_ref),
                 ..
             }) = item.kind;
-            let ty = cx.tcx.type_of(item.owner_id).subst_identity();
+            let ty = cx.tcx.type_of(item.owner_id).instantiate_identity();
             if is_copy(cx, ty);
             if let Some(trait_id) = trait_ref.trait_def_id();
             if cx.tcx.is_diagnostic_item(sym::Iterator, trait_id);
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/default.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/default.rs
index 80c22742ba4..763ad0264ad 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/default.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/default.rs
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for Default {
                     .fields
                     .iter()
                     .all(|field| {
-                        is_copy(cx, cx.tcx.type_of(field.did).subst_identity())
+                        is_copy(cx, cx.tcx.type_of(field.did).instantiate_identity())
                     });
                 if !has_drop(cx, binding_type) || all_fields_are_copy;
                 then {
@@ -219,11 +219,11 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for Default {
 
                 // give correct suggestion if generics are involved (see #6944)
                 let binding_type = if_chain! {
-                    if let ty::Adt(adt_def, substs) = binding_type.kind();
-                    if !substs.is_empty();
+                    if let ty::Adt(adt_def, args) = binding_type.kind();
+                    if !args.is_empty();
                     then {
                         let adt_def_ty_name = cx.tcx.item_name(adt_def.did());
-                        let generic_args = substs.iter().collect::<Vec<_>>();
+                        let generic_args = args.iter().collect::<Vec<_>>();
                         let tys_str = generic_args
                             .iter()
                             .map(ToString::to_string)
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/default_numeric_fallback.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/default_numeric_fallback.rs
index e53a9877b20..9217edcef07 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/default_numeric_fallback.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/default_numeric_fallback.rs
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for NumericFallbackVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
 
             ExprKind::MethodCall(_, receiver, args, _) => {
                 if let Some(def_id) = self.cx.typeck_results().type_dependent_def_id(expr.hir_id) {
-                    let fn_sig = self.cx.tcx.fn_sig(def_id).subst_identity().skip_binder();
+                    let fn_sig = self.cx.tcx.fn_sig(def_id).instantiate_identity().skip_binder();
                     for (expr, bound) in iter::zip(std::iter::once(*receiver).chain(args.iter()), fn_sig.inputs()) {
                         self.ty_bounds.push((*bound).into());
                         self.visit_expr(expr);
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for NumericFallbackVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
                                     .iter()
                                     .find_map(|f_def| {
                                         if f_def.ident(self.cx.tcx) == field.ident
-                                            { Some(self.cx.tcx.type_of(f_def.did).subst_identity()) }
+                                            { Some(self.cx.tcx.type_of(f_def.did).instantiate_identity()) }
                                         else { None }
                                     });
                             self.ty_bounds.push(bound.into());
@@ -213,9 +213,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for NumericFallbackVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
 
 fn fn_sig_opt<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, hir_id: HirId) -> Option<PolyFnSig<'tcx>> {
     let node_ty = cx.typeck_results().node_type_opt(hir_id)?;
-    // We can't use `Ty::fn_sig` because it automatically performs substs, this may result in FNs.
+    // We can't use `Ty::fn_sig` because it automatically performs args, this may result in FNs.
     match node_ty.kind() {
-        ty::FnDef(def_id, _) => Some(cx.tcx.fn_sig(*def_id).subst_identity()),
+        ty::FnDef(def_id, _) => Some(cx.tcx.fn_sig(*def_id).instantiate_identity()),
         ty::FnPtr(fn_sig) => Some(*fn_sig),
         _ => None,
     }
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/dereference.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/dereference.rs
index 73556c1053e..0e7efd53390 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/dereference.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/dereference.rs
@@ -739,7 +739,7 @@ fn walk_parents<'tcx>(
                 span,
                 ..
             }) if span.ctxt() == ctxt => {
-                let ty = cx.tcx.type_of(owner_id.def_id).subst_identity();
+                let ty = cx.tcx.type_of(owner_id.def_id).instantiate_identity();
                 Some(ty_auto_deref_stability(cx.tcx, cx.param_env, ty, precedence).position_for_result(cx))
             },
 
@@ -763,7 +763,7 @@ fn walk_parents<'tcx>(
             }) if span.ctxt() == ctxt => {
                 let output = cx
                     .tcx
-                    .erase_late_bound_regions(cx.tcx.fn_sig(owner_id).subst_identity().output());
+                    .erase_late_bound_regions(cx.tcx.fn_sig(owner_id).instantiate_identity().output());
                 Some(ty_auto_deref_stability(cx.tcx, cx.param_env, output, precedence).position_for_result(cx))
             },
 
@@ -785,7 +785,7 @@ fn walk_parents<'tcx>(
                             cx.tcx,
                             // Use the param_env of the target type.
                             cx.tcx.param_env(adt.did()),
-                            cx.tcx.type_of(field_def.did).subst_identity(),
+                            cx.tcx.type_of(field_def.did).instantiate_identity(),
                             precedence,
                         )
                         .position_for_arg()
@@ -808,7 +808,7 @@ fn walk_parents<'tcx>(
                         } else {
                             let output = cx
                                 .tcx
-                                .erase_late_bound_regions(cx.tcx.fn_sig(owner_id).subst_identity().output());
+                                .erase_late_bound_regions(cx.tcx.fn_sig(owner_id).instantiate_identity().output());
                             ty_auto_deref_stability(cx.tcx, cx.param_env, output, precedence).position_for_result(cx)
                         },
                     )
@@ -879,9 +879,9 @@ fn walk_parents<'tcx>(
                             && let ty::Ref(_, sub_ty, _) = *arg_ty.kind()
                             && let subs = cx
                                 .typeck_results()
-                                .node_substs_opt(parent.hir_id).map(|subs| &subs[1..]).unwrap_or_default()
+                                .node_args_opt(parent.hir_id).map(|subs| &subs[1..]).unwrap_or_default()
                             && let impl_ty = if cx.tcx.fn_sig(fn_id)
-                                .subst_identity()
+                                .instantiate_identity()
                                 .skip_binder()
                                 .inputs()[0].is_ref()
                             {
@@ -905,7 +905,7 @@ fn walk_parents<'tcx>(
                         return Some(Position::MethodReceiver);
                     }
                     args.iter().position(|arg| arg.hir_id == child_id).map(|i| {
-                        let ty = cx.tcx.fn_sig(fn_id).subst_identity().input(i + 1);
+                        let ty = cx.tcx.fn_sig(fn_id).instantiate_identity().input(i + 1);
                         // `e.hir_id == child_id` for https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/issues/9739
                         // `method.args.is_none()` for https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/issues/9782
                         if e.hir_id == child_id
@@ -1124,10 +1124,10 @@ fn needless_borrow_impl_arg_position<'tcx>(
     let sized_trait_def_id = cx.tcx.lang_items().sized_trait();
 
     let Some(callee_def_id) = fn_def_id(cx, parent) else { return Position::Other(precedence) };
-    let fn_sig = cx.tcx.fn_sig(callee_def_id).subst_identity().skip_binder();
-    let substs_with_expr_ty = cx
+    let fn_sig = cx.tcx.fn_sig(callee_def_id).instantiate_identity().skip_binder();
+    let args_with_expr_ty = cx
         .typeck_results()
-        .node_substs(if let ExprKind::Call(callee, _) = parent.kind {
+        .node_args(if let ExprKind::Call(callee, _) = parent.kind {
             callee.hir_id
         } else {
             parent.hir_id
@@ -1181,9 +1181,9 @@ fn needless_borrow_impl_arg_position<'tcx>(
         return Position::Other(precedence);
     }
 
-    // `substs_with_referent_ty` can be constructed outside of `check_referent` because the same
+    // `args_with_referent_ty` can be constructed outside of `check_referent` because the same
     // elements are modified each time `check_referent` is called.
-    let mut substs_with_referent_ty = substs_with_expr_ty.to_vec();
+    let mut args_with_referent_ty = args_with_expr_ty.to_vec();
 
     let mut check_reference_and_referent = |reference, referent| {
         let referent_ty = cx.typeck_results().expr_ty(referent);
@@ -1207,7 +1207,7 @@ fn needless_borrow_impl_arg_position<'tcx>(
             fn_sig,
             arg_index,
             &projection_predicates,
-            &mut substs_with_referent_ty,
+            &mut args_with_referent_ty,
         ) {
             return false;
         }
@@ -1216,14 +1216,14 @@ fn needless_borrow_impl_arg_position<'tcx>(
             if let ClauseKind::Trait(trait_predicate) = predicate.kind().skip_binder()
                 && cx.tcx.is_diagnostic_item(sym::IntoIterator, trait_predicate.trait_ref.def_id)
                 && let ty::Param(param_ty) = trait_predicate.self_ty().kind()
-                && let GenericArgKind::Type(ty) = substs_with_referent_ty[param_ty.index as usize].unpack()
+                && let GenericArgKind::Type(ty) = args_with_referent_ty[param_ty.index as usize].unpack()
                 && ty.is_array()
                 && !msrv.meets(msrvs::ARRAY_INTO_ITERATOR)
             {
                 return false;
             }
 
-            let predicate = EarlyBinder::bind(predicate).subst(cx.tcx, &substs_with_referent_ty);
+            let predicate = EarlyBinder::bind(predicate).instantiate(cx.tcx, &args_with_referent_ty);
             let obligation = Obligation::new(cx.tcx, ObligationCause::dummy(), cx.param_env, predicate);
             let infcx = cx.tcx.infer_ctxt().build();
             infcx.predicate_must_hold_modulo_regions(&obligation)
@@ -1252,7 +1252,7 @@ fn has_ref_mut_self_method(cx: &LateContext<'_>, trait_def_id: DefId) -> bool {
         .in_definition_order()
         .any(|assoc_item| {
             if assoc_item.fn_has_self_parameter {
-                let self_ty = cx.tcx.fn_sig(assoc_item.def_id).subst_identity().skip_binder().inputs()[0];
+                let self_ty = cx.tcx.fn_sig(assoc_item.def_id).instantiate_identity().skip_binder().inputs()[0];
                 matches!(self_ty.kind(), ty::Ref(_, _, Mutability::Mut))
             } else {
                 false
@@ -1323,7 +1323,7 @@ fn referent_used_exactly_once<'tcx>(
     }
 }
 
-// Iteratively replaces `param_ty` with `new_ty` in `substs`, and similarly for each resulting
+// Iteratively replaces `param_ty` with `new_ty` in `args`, and similarly for each resulting
 // projected type that is a type parameter. Returns `false` if replacing the types would have an
 // effect on the function signature beyond substituting `new_ty` for `param_ty`.
 // See: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/pull/9136#discussion_r927212757
@@ -1334,11 +1334,11 @@ fn replace_types<'tcx>(
     fn_sig: FnSig<'tcx>,
     arg_index: usize,
     projection_predicates: &[ProjectionPredicate<'tcx>],
-    substs: &mut [ty::GenericArg<'tcx>],
+    args: &mut [ty::GenericArg<'tcx>],
 ) -> bool {
-    let mut replaced = BitSet::new_empty(substs.len());
+    let mut replaced = BitSet::new_empty(args.len());
 
-    let mut deque = VecDeque::with_capacity(substs.len());
+    let mut deque = VecDeque::with_capacity(args.len());
     deque.push_back((param_ty, new_ty));
 
     while let Some((param_ty, new_ty)) = deque.pop_front() {
@@ -1352,7 +1352,7 @@ fn replace_types<'tcx>(
             return false;
         }
 
-        substs[param_ty.index as usize] = ty::GenericArg::from(new_ty);
+        args[param_ty.index as usize] = ty::GenericArg::from(new_ty);
 
         // The `replaced.insert(...)` check provides some protection against infinite loops.
         if replaced.insert(param_ty.index) {
@@ -1367,7 +1367,7 @@ fn replace_types<'tcx>(
                     ));
 
                     if let Ok(projected_ty) = cx.tcx.try_normalize_erasing_regions(cx.param_env, projection)
-                        && substs[term_param_ty.index as usize] != ty::GenericArg::from(projected_ty)
+                        && args[term_param_ty.index as usize] != ty::GenericArg::from(projected_ty)
                     {
                         deque.push_back((*term_param_ty, projected_ty));
                     }
@@ -1442,7 +1442,7 @@ fn ty_auto_deref_stability<'tcx>(
             ty::Adt(..) if ty.has_placeholders() || ty.has_opaque_types() => {
                 Position::ReborrowStable(precedence).into()
             },
-            ty::Adt(_, substs) if substs.has_non_region_param() => {
+            ty::Adt(_, args) if args.has_non_region_param() => {
                 TyPosition::new_deref_stable_for_result(precedence, ty)
             },
             ty::Bool
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/derivable_impls.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/derivable_impls.rs
index 020ffe7f8fa..71b5104bed8 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/derivable_impls.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/derivable_impls.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use rustc_hir::{
 };
 use rustc_lint::{LateContext, LateLintPass};
 use rustc_middle::ty::adjustment::{Adjust, PointerCoercion};
-use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Adt, AdtDef, SubstsRef, Ty, TypeckResults};
+use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Adt, AdtDef, GenericArgsRef, Ty, TypeckResults};
 use rustc_session::{declare_tool_lint, impl_lint_pass};
 use rustc_span::sym;
 
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ fn is_path_self(e: &Expr<'_>) -> bool {
 fn contains_trait_object(ty: Ty<'_>) -> bool {
     match ty.kind() {
         ty::Ref(_, ty, _) => contains_trait_object(*ty),
-        ty::Adt(def, substs) => def.is_box() && substs[0].as_type().map_or(false, contains_trait_object),
+        ty::Adt(def, args) => def.is_box() && args[0].as_type().map_or(false, contains_trait_object),
         ty::Dynamic(..) => true,
         _ => false,
     }
@@ -92,18 +92,18 @@ fn check_struct<'tcx>(
     self_ty: &hir::Ty<'_>,
     func_expr: &Expr<'_>,
     adt_def: AdtDef<'_>,
-    substs: SubstsRef<'_>,
+    ty_args: GenericArgsRef<'_>,
     typeck_results: &'tcx TypeckResults<'tcx>,
 ) {
     if let TyKind::Path(QPath::Resolved(_, p)) = self_ty.kind {
         if let Some(PathSegment { args, .. }) = p.segments.last() {
             let args = args.map(|a| a.args).unwrap_or(&[]);
 
-            // substs contains the generic parameters of the type declaration, while args contains the arguments
+            // ty_args contains the generic parameters of the type declaration, while args contains the arguments
             // used at instantiation time. If both len are not equal, it means that some parameters were not
             // provided (which means that the default values were used); in this case we will not risk
             // suggesting too broad a rewrite. We won't either if any argument is a type or a const.
-            if substs.len() != args.len() || args.iter().any(|arg| !matches!(arg, GenericArg::Lifetime(_))) {
+            if ty_args.len() != args.len() || args.iter().any(|arg| !matches!(arg, GenericArg::Lifetime(_))) {
                 return;
             }
         }
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for DerivableImpls {
             if let Some(Node::ImplItem(impl_item)) = cx.tcx.hir().find(impl_item_hir);
             if let ImplItemKind::Fn(_, b) = &impl_item.kind;
             if let Body { value: func_expr, .. } = cx.tcx.hir().body(*b);
-            if let &Adt(adt_def, substs) = cx.tcx.type_of(item.owner_id).subst_identity().kind();
+            if let &Adt(adt_def, args) = cx.tcx.type_of(item.owner_id).instantiate_identity().kind();
             if let attrs = cx.tcx.hir().attrs(item.hir_id());
             if !attrs.iter().any(|attr| attr.doc_str().is_some());
             if let child_attrs = cx.tcx.hir().attrs(impl_item_hir);
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for DerivableImpls {
 
             then {
                 if adt_def.is_struct() {
-                    check_struct(cx, item, self_ty, func_expr, adt_def, substs, cx.tcx.typeck_body(*b));
+                    check_struct(cx, item, self_ty, func_expr, adt_def, args, cx.tcx.typeck_body(*b));
                 } else if adt_def.is_enum() && self.msrv.meets(msrvs::DEFAULT_ENUM_ATTRIBUTE) {
                     check_enum(cx, item, func_expr, adt_def);
                 }
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/derive.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/derive.rs
index a005a360e9c..78e7f93e2bf 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/derive.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/derive.rs
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for Derive {
             ..
         }) = item.kind
         {
-            let ty = cx.tcx.type_of(item.owner_id).subst_identity();
+            let ty = cx.tcx.type_of(item.owner_id).instantiate_identity();
             let is_automatically_derived = cx.tcx.has_attr(item.owner_id, sym::automatically_derived);
 
             check_hash_peq(cx, item.span, trait_ref, ty, is_automatically_derived);
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ fn check_hash_peq<'tcx>(
 
                 // Only care about `impl PartialEq<Foo> for Foo`
                 // For `impl PartialEq<B> for A, input_types is [A, B]
-                if trait_ref.subst_identity().substs.type_at(1) == ty {
+                if trait_ref.instantiate_identity().args.type_at(1) == ty {
                     span_lint_and_then(
                         cx,
                         DERIVED_HASH_WITH_MANUAL_EQ,
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ fn check_ord_partial_ord<'tcx>(
 
                 // Only care about `impl PartialOrd<Foo> for Foo`
                 // For `impl PartialOrd<B> for A, input_types is [A, B]
-                if trait_ref.subst_identity().substs.type_at(1) == ty {
+                if trait_ref.instantiate_identity().args.type_at(1) == ty {
                     let mess = if partial_ord_is_automatically_derived {
                         "you are implementing `Ord` explicitly but have derived `PartialOrd`"
                     } else {
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ fn check_copy_clone<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, item: &Item<'_>, trait_ref: &h
             let has_copy_impl = cx.tcx.all_local_trait_impls(()).get(&copy_id).map_or(false, |impls| {
                 impls
                     .iter()
-                    .any(|&id| matches!(cx.tcx.type_of(id).subst_identity().kind(), ty::Adt(adt, _) if ty_adt.did() == adt.did()))
+                    .any(|&id| matches!(cx.tcx.type_of(id).instantiate_identity().kind(), ty::Adt(adt, _) if ty_adt.did() == adt.did()))
             });
             if !has_copy_impl {
                 return;
@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for UnsafeVisitor<'_, 'tcx> {
 /// Implementation of the `DERIVE_PARTIAL_EQ_WITHOUT_EQ` lint.
 fn check_partial_eq_without_eq<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, span: Span, trait_ref: &hir::TraitRef<'_>, ty: Ty<'tcx>) {
     if_chain! {
-        if let ty::Adt(adt, substs) = ty.kind();
+        if let ty::Adt(adt, args) = ty.kind();
         if cx.tcx.visibility(adt.did()).is_public();
         if let Some(eq_trait_def_id) = cx.tcx.get_diagnostic_item(sym::Eq);
         if let Some(def_id) = trait_ref.trait_def_id();
@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ fn check_partial_eq_without_eq<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, span: Span, trait_r
         // If all of our fields implement `Eq`, we can implement `Eq` too
         if adt
             .all_fields()
-            .map(|f| f.ty(cx.tcx, substs))
+            .map(|f| f.ty(cx.tcx, args))
             .all(|ty| implements_trait_with_env(cx.tcx, param_env, ty, eq_trait_def_id, []));
         then {
             span_lint_and_sugg(
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/empty_enum.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/empty_enum.rs
index d94664daa56..1701d061128 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/empty_enum.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/empty_enum.rs
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for EmptyEnum {
         }
 
         if let ItemKind::Enum(..) = item.kind {
-            let ty = cx.tcx.type_of(item.owner_id).subst_identity();
+            let ty = cx.tcx.type_of(item.owner_id).instantiate_identity();
             let adt = ty.ty_adt_def().expect("already checked whether this is an enum");
             if adt.variants().is_empty() {
                 span_lint_and_help(
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/enum_clike.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/enum_clike.rs
index d85650712db..96c5c7fc509 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/enum_clike.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/enum_clike.rs
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for UnportableVariant {
             for var in def.variants {
                 if let Some(anon_const) = &var.disr_expr {
                     let def_id = cx.tcx.hir().body_owner_def_id(anon_const.body);
-                    let mut ty = cx.tcx.type_of(def_id.to_def_id()).subst_identity();
+                    let mut ty = cx.tcx.type_of(def_id.to_def_id()).instantiate_identity();
                     let constant = cx
                         .tcx
                         .const_eval_poly(def_id.to_def_id())
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/eta_reduction.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/eta_reduction.rs
index 58e62d1f3d3..22e10accd35 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/eta_reduction.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/eta_reduction.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use rustc_hir::{Closure, Expr, ExprKind, Param, PatKind, Unsafety};
 use rustc_lint::{LateContext, LateLintPass};
 use rustc_middle::ty::adjustment::{Adjust, Adjustment, AutoBorrow};
 use rustc_middle::ty::binding::BindingMode;
-use rustc_middle::ty::{self, EarlyBinder, SubstsRef, Ty, TypeVisitableExt};
+use rustc_middle::ty::{self, EarlyBinder, GenericArgsRef, Ty, TypeVisitableExt};
 use rustc_session::{declare_lint_pass, declare_tool_lint};
 use rustc_span::symbol::sym;
 
@@ -108,18 +108,18 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for EtaReduction {
             if check_inputs(cx, body.params, None, args);
             let callee_ty = cx.typeck_results().expr_ty_adjusted(callee);
             let call_ty = cx.typeck_results().type_dependent_def_id(body.value.hir_id)
-                .map_or(callee_ty, |id| cx.tcx.type_of(id).subst_identity());
+                .map_or(callee_ty, |id| cx.tcx.type_of(id).instantiate_identity());
             if check_sig(cx, closure_ty, call_ty);
-            let substs = cx.typeck_results().node_substs(callee.hir_id);
+            let args = cx.typeck_results().node_args(callee.hir_id);
             // This fixes some false positives that I don't entirely understand
-            if substs.is_empty() || !cx.typeck_results().expr_ty(expr).has_late_bound_regions();
+            if args.is_empty() || !cx.typeck_results().expr_ty(expr).has_late_bound_regions();
             // A type param function ref like `T::f` is not 'static, however
             // it is if cast like `T::f as fn()`. This seems like a rustc bug.
-            if !substs.types().any(|t| matches!(t.kind(), ty::Param(_)));
+            if !args.types().any(|t| matches!(t.kind(), ty::Param(_)));
             let callee_ty_unadjusted = cx.typeck_results().expr_ty(callee).peel_refs();
             if !is_type_diagnostic_item(cx, callee_ty_unadjusted, sym::Arc);
             if !is_type_diagnostic_item(cx, callee_ty_unadjusted, sym::Rc);
-            if let ty::Closure(_, substs) = *closure_ty.kind();
+            if let ty::Closure(_, args) = *closure_ty.kind();
             // Don't lint if this is an inclusive range expression.
             // They desugar to a call to `RangeInclusiveNew` which would have odd suggestions. (#10684)
             if !matches!(higher::Range::hir(body.value), Some(higher::Range {
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for EtaReduction {
                 span_lint_and_then(cx, REDUNDANT_CLOSURE, expr.span, "redundant closure", |diag| {
                     if let Some(mut snippet) = snippet_opt(cx, callee.span) {
                         if let Some(fn_mut_id) = cx.tcx.lang_items().fn_mut_trait()
-                            && let args = cx.tcx.erase_late_bound_regions(substs.as_closure().sig()).inputs()
+                            && let args = cx.tcx.erase_late_bound_regions(args.as_closure().sig()).inputs()
                             && implements_trait(
                                    cx,
                                    callee_ty.peel_refs(),
@@ -160,12 +160,12 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for EtaReduction {
             if let ExprKind::MethodCall(path, receiver, args, _) = body.value.kind;
             if check_inputs(cx, body.params, Some(receiver), args);
             let method_def_id = cx.typeck_results().type_dependent_def_id(body.value.hir_id).unwrap();
-            let substs = cx.typeck_results().node_substs(body.value.hir_id);
-            let call_ty = cx.tcx.type_of(method_def_id).subst(cx.tcx, substs);
+            let args = cx.typeck_results().node_args(body.value.hir_id);
+            let call_ty = cx.tcx.type_of(method_def_id).instantiate(cx.tcx, args);
             if check_sig(cx, closure_ty, call_ty);
             then {
                 span_lint_and_then(cx, REDUNDANT_CLOSURE_FOR_METHOD_CALLS, expr.span, "redundant closure", |diag| {
-                    let name = get_ufcs_type_name(cx, method_def_id, substs);
+                    let name = get_ufcs_type_name(cx, method_def_id, args);
                     diag.span_suggestion(
                         expr.span,
                         "replace the closure with the method itself",
@@ -228,14 +228,14 @@ fn check_sig<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, closure_ty: Ty<'tcx>, call_ty: Ty<'tc
     if !closure_ty.has_late_bound_regions() {
         return true;
     }
-    let ty::Closure(_, substs) = closure_ty.kind() else {
+    let ty::Closure(_, args) = closure_ty.kind() else {
         return false;
     };
-    let closure_sig = cx.tcx.signature_unclosure(substs.as_closure().sig(), Unsafety::Normal);
+    let closure_sig = cx.tcx.signature_unclosure(args.as_closure().sig(), Unsafety::Normal);
     cx.tcx.erase_late_bound_regions(closure_sig) == cx.tcx.erase_late_bound_regions(call_sig)
 }
 
-fn get_ufcs_type_name<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, method_def_id: DefId, substs: SubstsRef<'tcx>) -> String {
+fn get_ufcs_type_name<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, method_def_id: DefId, args: GenericArgsRef<'tcx>) -> String {
     let assoc_item = cx.tcx.associated_item(method_def_id);
     let def_id = assoc_item.container_id(cx.tcx);
     match assoc_item.container {
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ fn get_ufcs_type_name<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, method_def_id: DefId, substs
                 | ty::Ref(..)
                 | ty::Slice(_)
                 | ty::Tuple(_) => {
-                    format!("<{}>", EarlyBinder::bind(ty).subst(cx.tcx, substs))
+                    format!("<{}>", EarlyBinder::bind(ty).instantiate(cx.tcx, args))
                 },
                 _ => ty.to_string(),
             }
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/from_over_into.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/from_over_into.rs
index 92d67ef359d..35061fc64c9 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/from_over_into.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/from_over_into.rs
@@ -76,9 +76,9 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for FromOverInto {
             && let Some(into_trait_seg) = hir_trait_ref.path.segments.last()
             // `impl Into<target_ty> for self_ty`
             && let Some(GenericArgs { args: [GenericArg::Type(target_ty)], .. }) = into_trait_seg.args
-            && let Some(middle_trait_ref) = cx.tcx.impl_trait_ref(item.owner_id).map(ty::EarlyBinder::subst_identity)
+            && let Some(middle_trait_ref) = cx.tcx.impl_trait_ref(item.owner_id).map(ty::EarlyBinder::instantiate_identity)
             && cx.tcx.is_diagnostic_item(sym::Into, middle_trait_ref.def_id)
-            && !matches!(middle_trait_ref.substs.type_at(1).kind(), ty::Alias(ty::Opaque, _))
+            && !matches!(middle_trait_ref.args.type_at(1).kind(), ty::Alias(ty::Opaque, _))
         {
             span_lint_and_then(
                 cx,
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/functions/must_use.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/functions/must_use.rs
index d0ad2628264..1b173de856b 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/functions/must_use.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/functions/must_use.rs
@@ -198,14 +198,14 @@ fn is_mutable_ty<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>, tys: &mut DefIdSet)
     match *ty.kind() {
         // primitive types are never mutable
         ty::Bool | ty::Char | ty::Int(_) | ty::Uint(_) | ty::Float(_) | ty::Str => false,
-        ty::Adt(adt, substs) => {
+        ty::Adt(adt, args) => {
             tys.insert(adt.did()) && !ty.is_freeze(cx.tcx, cx.param_env)
                 || KNOWN_WRAPPER_TYS
                     .iter()
                     .any(|&sym| cx.tcx.is_diagnostic_item(sym, adt.did()))
-                    && substs.types().any(|ty| is_mutable_ty(cx, ty, tys))
+                    && args.types().any(|ty| is_mutable_ty(cx, ty, tys))
         },
-        ty::Tuple(substs) => substs.iter().any(|ty| is_mutable_ty(cx, ty, tys)),
+        ty::Tuple(args) => args.iter().any(|ty| is_mutable_ty(cx, ty, tys)),
         ty::Array(ty, _) | ty::Slice(ty) => is_mutable_ty(cx, ty, tys),
         ty::RawPtr(ty::TypeAndMut { ty, mutbl }) | ty::Ref(_, ty, mutbl) => {
             mutbl == hir::Mutability::Mut || is_mutable_ty(cx, ty, tys)
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/functions/result.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/functions/result.rs
index fa2a9b30c05..90fc0d4f662 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/functions/result.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/functions/result.rs
@@ -21,11 +21,11 @@ fn result_err_ty<'tcx>(
 ) -> Option<(&'tcx hir::Ty<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>)> {
     if !in_external_macro(cx.sess(), item_span)
         && let hir::FnRetTy::Return(hir_ty) = decl.output
-        && let ty = cx.tcx.erase_late_bound_regions(cx.tcx.fn_sig(id).subst_identity().output())
+        && let ty = cx.tcx.erase_late_bound_regions(cx.tcx.fn_sig(id).instantiate_identity().output())
         && is_type_diagnostic_item(cx, ty, sym::Result)
-        && let ty::Adt(_, substs) = ty.kind()
+        && let ty::Adt(_, args) = ty.kind()
     {
-        let err_ty = substs.type_at(1);
+        let err_ty = args.type_at(1);
         Some((hir_ty, err_ty))
     } else {
         None
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/future_not_send.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/future_not_send.rs
index 818ebd1134d..e54429aee8e 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/future_not_send.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/future_not_send.rs
@@ -63,10 +63,10 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for FutureNotSend {
             return;
         }
         let ret_ty = return_ty(cx, cx.tcx.hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(fn_def_id).expect_owner());
-        if let ty::Alias(ty::Opaque, AliasTy { def_id, substs, .. }) = *ret_ty.kind() {
+        if let ty::Alias(ty::Opaque, AliasTy { def_id, args, .. }) = *ret_ty.kind() {
             let preds = cx.tcx.explicit_item_bounds(def_id);
             let mut is_future = false;
-            for (p, _span) in preds.subst_iter_copied(cx.tcx, substs) {
+            for (p, _span) in preds.arg_iter_copied(cx.tcx, args) {
                 if let Some(trait_pred) = p.as_trait_clause() {
                     if Some(trait_pred.skip_binder().trait_ref.def_id) == cx.tcx.lang_items().future_trait() {
                         is_future = true;
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/implicit_saturating_sub.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/implicit_saturating_sub.rs
index 1e99b6faa6c..b99d4544681 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/implicit_saturating_sub.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/implicit_saturating_sub.rs
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for ImplicitSaturatingSub {
                             if let Some(const_id) = cx.typeck_results().type_dependent_def_id(cond_num_val.hir_id);
                             if let Some(impl_id) = cx.tcx.impl_of_method(const_id);
                             if let None = cx.tcx.impl_trait_ref(impl_id); // An inherent impl
-                            if cx.tcx.type_of(impl_id).subst_identity().is_integral();
+                            if cx.tcx.type_of(impl_id).instantiate_identity().is_integral();
                             then {
                                 print_lint_and_sugg(cx, var_name, expr)
                             }
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for ImplicitSaturatingSub {
                             if let Some(func_id) = cx.typeck_results().type_dependent_def_id(func.hir_id);
                             if let Some(impl_id) = cx.tcx.impl_of_method(func_id);
                             if let None = cx.tcx.impl_trait_ref(impl_id); // An inherent impl
-                            if cx.tcx.type_of(impl_id).subst_identity().is_integral();
+                            if cx.tcx.type_of(impl_id).instantiate_identity().is_integral();
                             then {
                                 print_lint_and_sugg(cx, var_name, expr)
                             }
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/inherent_impl.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/inherent_impl.rs
index 7c41699f307..3ac40401e89 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/inherent_impl.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/inherent_impl.rs
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for MultipleInherentImpl {
             )
         }) {
             for impl_id in impl_ids.iter().map(|id| id.expect_local()) {
-                let impl_ty = cx.tcx.type_of(impl_id).subst_identity();
+                let impl_ty = cx.tcx.type_of(impl_id).instantiate_identity();
                 match type_map.entry(impl_ty) {
                     Entry::Vacant(e) => {
                         // Store the id for the first impl block of this type. The span is retrieved lazily.
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/iter_not_returning_iterator.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/iter_not_returning_iterator.rs
index c924d7361ce..bb100ec632e 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/iter_not_returning_iterator.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/iter_not_returning_iterator.rs
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ fn check_sig(cx: &LateContext<'_>, name: &str, sig: &FnSig<'_>, fn_id: LocalDefI
     if sig.decl.implicit_self.has_implicit_self() {
         let ret_ty = cx
             .tcx
-            .erase_late_bound_regions(cx.tcx.fn_sig(fn_id).subst_identity().output());
+            .erase_late_bound_regions(cx.tcx.fn_sig(fn_id).instantiate_identity().output());
         let ret_ty = cx
             .tcx
             .try_normalize_erasing_regions(cx.param_env, ret_ty)
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/large_enum_variant.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/large_enum_variant.rs
index 1c99bd2f3d0..693218f8a9c 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/large_enum_variant.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/large_enum_variant.rs
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for LargeEnumVariant {
             return;
         }
         if let ItemKind::Enum(ref def, _) = item.kind {
-            let ty = cx.tcx.type_of(item.owner_id).subst_identity();
+            let ty = cx.tcx.type_of(item.owner_id).instantiate_identity();
             let Adt(adt, subst) = ty.kind() else {
                 panic!("already checked whether this is an enum")
             };
@@ -169,8 +169,8 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for LargeEnumVariant {
 }
 
 fn maybe_copy<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> bool {
-    if let Adt(_def, substs) = ty.kind()
-        && substs.types().next().is_some()
+    if let Adt(_def, args) = ty.kind()
+        && args.types().next().is_some()
         && let Some(copy_trait) = cx.tcx.lang_items().copy_trait()
     {
         return cx.tcx.non_blanket_impls_for_ty(copy_trait, ty).next().is_some();
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/len_zero.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/len_zero.rs
index 17bd89efaee..83fa25c795a 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/len_zero.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/len_zero.rs
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for LenZero {
             if let Some(local_id) = ty_id.as_local();
             let ty_hir_id = cx.tcx.hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(local_id);
             if !is_lint_allowed(cx, LEN_WITHOUT_IS_EMPTY, ty_hir_id);
-            if let Some(output) = parse_len_output(cx, cx.tcx.fn_sig(item.owner_id).subst_identity().skip_binder());
+            if let Some(output) = parse_len_output(cx, cx.tcx.fn_sig(item.owner_id).instantiate_identity().skip_binder());
             then {
                 let (name, kind) = match cx.tcx.hir().find(ty_hir_id) {
                     Some(Node::ForeignItem(x)) => (x.ident.name, "extern type"),
@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ fn check_for_is_empty(
             if !(is_empty.fn_has_self_parameter
                 && check_is_empty_sig(
                     cx,
-                    cx.tcx.fn_sig(is_empty.def_id).subst_identity().skip_binder(),
+                    cx.tcx.fn_sig(is_empty.def_id).instantiate_identity().skip_binder(),
                     self_kind,
                     output,
                 )) =>
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/let_underscore.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/let_underscore.rs
index e6614180920..b7a47002080 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/let_underscore.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/let_underscore.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use clippy_utils::{is_must_use_func_call, paths};
 use rustc_hir::{Local, PatKind};
 use rustc_lint::{LateContext, LateLintPass};
 use rustc_middle::lint::in_external_macro;
-use rustc_middle::ty::subst::GenericArgKind;
+use rustc_middle::ty::GenericArgKind;
 use rustc_middle::ty::IsSuggestable;
 use rustc_session::{declare_lint_pass, declare_tool_lint};
 use rustc_span::{BytePos, Span};
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/loops/explicit_iter_loop.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/loops/explicit_iter_loop.rs
index 5c5a4cfce88..a84a0a6eeb8 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/loops/explicit_iter_loop.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/loops/explicit_iter_loop.rs
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ fn is_ref_iterable<'tcx>(
         }
 
         let res_ty = cx.tcx.erase_regions(EarlyBinder::bind(req_res_ty)
-            .subst(cx.tcx, typeck.node_substs(call_expr.hir_id)));
+            .instantiate(cx.tcx, typeck.node_args(call_expr.hir_id)));
         let mutbl = if let ty::Ref(_, _, mutbl) = *req_self_ty.kind() {
             Some(mutbl)
         } else {
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/loops/missing_spin_loop.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/loops/missing_spin_loop.rs
index 8412875b11b..0e49f08d898 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/loops/missing_spin_loop.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/loops/missing_spin_loop.rs
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ pub(super) fn check<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, cond: &'tcx Expr<'_>, body: &'
         if let ExprKind::Block(Block { stmts: [], expr: None, ..}, _) = body.kind;
         if let ExprKind::MethodCall(method, callee, ..) = unpack_cond(cond).kind;
         if [sym::load, sym::compare_exchange, sym::compare_exchange_weak].contains(&method.ident.name);
-        if let ty::Adt(def, _substs) = cx.typeck_results().expr_ty(callee).kind();
+        if let ty::Adt(def, _args) = cx.typeck_results().expr_ty(callee).kind();
         if cx.tcx.is_diagnostic_item(sym::AtomicBool, def.did());
         then {
             span_lint_and_sugg(
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/loops/needless_range_loop.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/loops/needless_range_loop.rs
index cb446567506..2c20e9e8693 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/loops/needless_range_loop.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/loops/needless_range_loop.rs
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for VarVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
             ExprKind::MethodCall(_, receiver, args, _) => {
                 let def_id = self.cx.typeck_results().type_dependent_def_id(expr.hir_id).unwrap();
                 for (ty, expr) in iter::zip(
-                    self.cx.tcx.fn_sig(def_id).subst_identity().inputs().skip_binder(),
+                    self.cx.tcx.fn_sig(def_id).instantiate_identity().inputs().skip_binder(),
                     std::iter::once(receiver).chain(args.iter()),
                 ) {
                     self.prefer_mutable = false;
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/manual_bits.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/manual_bits.rs
index 4629b22d171..6c7c57ba1d6 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/manual_bits.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/manual_bits.rs
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ fn get_size_of_ty<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, expr: &'tcx Expr<'_>) -> Option<
         if let Some(def_id) = cx.qpath_res(count_func_qpath, count_func.hir_id).opt_def_id();
         if cx.tcx.is_diagnostic_item(sym::mem_size_of, def_id);
         then {
-            cx.typeck_results().node_substs(count_func.hir_id).types().next().map(|resolved_ty| (*real_ty, resolved_ty))
+            cx.typeck_results().node_args(count_func.hir_id).types().next().map(|resolved_ty| (*real_ty, resolved_ty))
         } else {
             None
         }
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/manual_slice_size_calculation.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/manual_slice_size_calculation.rs
index 703a6b25840..f97600b53e4 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/manual_slice_size_calculation.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/manual_slice_size_calculation.rs
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ fn simplify_half<'tcx>(
         && let ExprKind::Path(ref func_qpath) = func.kind
         && let Some(def_id) = cx.qpath_res(func_qpath, func.hir_id).opt_def_id()
         && cx.tcx.is_diagnostic_item(sym::mem_size_of, def_id)
-        && let Some(ty2) = cx.typeck_results().node_substs(func.hir_id).types().next()
+        && let Some(ty2) = cx.typeck_results().node_args(func.hir_id).types().next()
         // T1 == T2?
         && *ty1 == ty2
     {
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/map_unit_fn.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/map_unit_fn.rs
index edcab6968cb..75605fb3091 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/map_unit_fn.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/map_unit_fn.rs
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ fn is_unit_function(cx: &LateContext<'_>, expr: &hir::Expr<'_>) -> bool {
     let ty = cx.typeck_results().expr_ty(expr);
 
     if let ty::FnDef(id, _) = *ty.kind() {
-        if let Some(fn_type) = cx.tcx.fn_sig(id).subst_identity().no_bound_vars() {
+        if let Some(fn_type) = cx.tcx.fn_sig(id).instantiate_identity().no_bound_vars() {
             return is_unit_type(fn_type.output());
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/matches/match_as_ref.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/matches/match_as_ref.rs
index 2818f030b7a..29c6e11134f 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/matches/match_as_ref.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/matches/match_as_ref.rs
@@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ pub(crate) fn check(cx: &LateContext<'_>, ex: &Expr<'_>, arms: &[Arm<'_>], expr:
             let input_ty = cx.typeck_results().expr_ty(ex);
 
             let cast = if_chain! {
-                if let ty::Adt(_, substs) = input_ty.kind();
-                let input_ty = substs.type_at(0);
-                if let ty::Adt(_, substs) = output_ty.kind();
-                let output_ty = substs.type_at(0);
+                if let ty::Adt(_, args) = input_ty.kind();
+                let input_ty = args.type_at(0);
+                if let ty::Adt(_, args) = output_ty.kind();
+                let output_ty = args.type_at(0);
                 if let ty::Ref(_, output_ty, _) = *output_ty.kind();
                 if input_ty != output_ty;
                 then {
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/matches/redundant_pattern_match.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/matches/redundant_pattern_match.rs
index 479cfd83512..039c2134cf8 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/matches/redundant_pattern_match.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/matches/redundant_pattern_match.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use rustc_hir::def::{DefKind, Res};
 use rustc_hir::LangItem::{self, OptionNone, OptionSome, PollPending, PollReady, ResultErr, ResultOk};
 use rustc_hir::{Arm, Expr, ExprKind, Node, Pat, PatKind, QPath, UnOp};
 use rustc_lint::LateContext;
-use rustc_middle::ty::{self, subst::GenericArgKind, Ty};
+use rustc_middle::ty::{self, GenericArgKind, Ty};
 use rustc_span::{sym, Symbol};
 
 pub(super) fn check<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, expr: &'tcx Expr<'_>) {
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/matches/rest_pat_in_fully_bound_struct.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/matches/rest_pat_in_fully_bound_struct.rs
index d06bcdaa27f..4efe93d4b54 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/matches/rest_pat_in_fully_bound_struct.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/matches/rest_pat_in_fully_bound_struct.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ pub(crate) fn check(cx: &LateContext<'_>, pat: &Pat<'_>) {
         if !pat.span.from_expansion();
         if let PatKind::Struct(QPath::Resolved(_, path), fields, true) = pat.kind;
         if let Some(def_id) = path.res.opt_def_id();
-        let ty = cx.tcx.type_of(def_id).subst_identity();
+        let ty = cx.tcx.type_of(def_id).instantiate_identity();
         if let ty::Adt(def, _) = ty.kind();
         if def.is_struct() || def.is_union();
         if fields.len() == def.non_enum_variant().fields.len();
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/matches/significant_drop_in_scrutinee.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/matches/significant_drop_in_scrutinee.rs
index 37528d9f7f2..02500fac293 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/matches/significant_drop_in_scrutinee.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/matches/significant_drop_in_scrutinee.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use rustc_errors::{Applicability, Diagnostic};
 use rustc_hir::intravisit::{walk_expr, Visitor};
 use rustc_hir::{Arm, Expr, ExprKind, MatchSource};
 use rustc_lint::{LateContext, LintContext};
-use rustc_middle::ty::subst::GenericArgKind;
+use rustc_middle::ty::GenericArgKind;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{Ty, TypeAndMut};
 use rustc_span::Span;
 
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/bytes_count_to_len.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/bytes_count_to_len.rs
index 46a20ad412b..649fc46e4ad 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/bytes_count_to_len.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/bytes_count_to_len.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ pub(super) fn check<'tcx>(
     if_chain! {
         if let Some(bytes_id) = cx.typeck_results().type_dependent_def_id(count_recv.hir_id);
         if let Some(impl_id) = cx.tcx.impl_of_method(bytes_id);
-        if cx.tcx.type_of(impl_id).subst_identity().is_str();
+        if cx.tcx.type_of(impl_id).instantiate_identity().is_str();
         let ty = cx.typeck_results().expr_ty(bytes_recv).peel_refs();
         if ty.is_str() || is_type_lang_item(cx, ty, hir::LangItem::String);
         then {
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/case_sensitive_file_extension_comparisons.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/case_sensitive_file_extension_comparisons.rs
index 7711aa78b23..fb10f782f7a 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/case_sensitive_file_extension_comparisons.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/case_sensitive_file_extension_comparisons.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ pub(super) fn check<'tcx>(
     if_chain! {
         if let Some(method_id) = cx.typeck_results().type_dependent_def_id(expr.hir_id);
         if let Some(impl_id) = cx.tcx.impl_of_method(method_id);
-        if cx.tcx.type_of(impl_id).subst_identity().is_str();
+        if cx.tcx.type_of(impl_id).instantiate_identity().is_str();
         if let ExprKind::Lit(Spanned { node: LitKind::Str(ext_literal, ..), ..}) = arg.kind;
         if (2..=6).contains(&ext_literal.as_str().len());
         let ext_str = ext_literal.as_str();
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/err_expect.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/err_expect.rs
index ae03da0d3f9..4ab06bf2ae8 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/err_expect.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/err_expect.rs
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ pub(super) fn check(
 /// Given a `Result<T, E>` type, return its data (`T`).
 fn get_data_type<'a>(cx: &LateContext<'_>, ty: Ty<'a>) -> Option<Ty<'a>> {
     match ty.kind() {
-        ty::Adt(_, substs) if is_type_diagnostic_item(cx, ty, sym::Result) => substs.types().next(),
+        ty::Adt(_, args) if is_type_diagnostic_item(cx, ty, sym::Result) => args.types().next(),
         _ => None,
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/expect_fun_call.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/expect_fun_call.rs
index 92d21bb8932..9af11f08c26 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/expect_fun_call.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/expect_fun_call.rs
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ pub(super) fn check<'tcx>(
                 if let hir::ExprKind::Path(ref p) = fun.kind {
                     match cx.qpath_res(p, fun.hir_id) {
                         hir::def::Res::Def(hir::def::DefKind::Fn | hir::def::DefKind::AssocFn, def_id) => matches!(
-                            cx.tcx.fn_sig(def_id).subst_identity().output().skip_binder().kind(),
+                            cx.tcx.fn_sig(def_id).instantiate_identity().output().skip_binder().kind(),
                             ty::Ref(re, ..) if re.is_static(),
                         ),
                         _ => false,
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ pub(super) fn check<'tcx>(
                     .type_dependent_def_id(arg.hir_id)
                     .map_or(false, |method_id| {
                         matches!(
-                            cx.tcx.fn_sig(method_id).subst_identity().output().skip_binder().kind(),
+                            cx.tcx.fn_sig(method_id).instantiate_identity().output().skip_binder().kind(),
                             ty::Ref(re, ..) if re.is_static()
                         )
                     })
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/flat_map_option.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/flat_map_option.rs
index 615bde94133..4737a101345 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/flat_map_option.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/flat_map_option.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ pub(super) fn check<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, expr: &'tcx hir::Expr<'_>, arg
     }
     let arg_ty = cx.typeck_results().expr_ty_adjusted(arg);
     let sig = match arg_ty.kind() {
-        ty::Closure(_, substs) => substs.as_closure().sig(),
+        ty::Closure(_, args) => args.as_closure().sig(),
         _ if arg_ty.is_fn() => arg_ty.fn_sig(cx.tcx),
         _ => return,
     };
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/get_first.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/get_first.rs
index 945bbf53bcf..ee063adac64 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/get_first.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/get_first.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ pub(super) fn check<'tcx>(
     if_chain! {
         if let Some(method_id) = cx.typeck_results().type_dependent_def_id(expr.hir_id);
         if let Some(impl_id) = cx.tcx.impl_of_method(method_id);
-        if cx.tcx.type_of(impl_id).subst_identity().is_slice();
+        if cx.tcx.type_of(impl_id).instantiate_identity().is_slice();
         if let Some(_) = is_slice_of_primitives(cx, recv);
         if let hir::ExprKind::Lit(Spanned { node: LitKind::Int(0, _), .. }) = arg.kind;
         then {
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/implicit_clone.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/implicit_clone.rs
index 5a78a416877..043425300d8 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/implicit_clone.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/implicit_clone.rs
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ pub fn is_clone_like(cx: &LateContext<'_>, method_name: &str, method_def_id: hir
             .tcx
             .impl_of_method(method_def_id)
             .filter(|&impl_did| {
-                cx.tcx.type_of(impl_did).subst_identity().is_slice() && cx.tcx.impl_trait_ref(impl_did).is_none()
+                cx.tcx.type_of(impl_did).instantiate_identity().is_slice() && cx.tcx.impl_trait_ref(impl_did).is_none()
             })
             .is_some(),
         _ => false,
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/inefficient_to_string.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/inefficient_to_string.rs
index 424482859ee..37da52dc733 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/inefficient_to_string.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/inefficient_to_string.rs
@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@ pub fn check(
         if args.is_empty() && method_name == sym::to_string;
         if let Some(to_string_meth_did) = cx.typeck_results().type_dependent_def_id(expr.hir_id);
         if match_def_path(cx, to_string_meth_did, &paths::TO_STRING_METHOD);
-        if let Some(substs) = cx.typeck_results().node_substs_opt(expr.hir_id);
+        if let Some(args) = cx.typeck_results().node_args_opt(expr.hir_id);
         let arg_ty = cx.typeck_results().expr_ty_adjusted(receiver);
-        let self_ty = substs.type_at(0);
+        let self_ty = args.type_at(0);
         let (deref_self_ty, deref_count) = walk_ptrs_ty_depth(self_ty);
         if deref_count >= 1;
         if specializes_tostring(cx, deref_self_ty);
@@ -64,8 +64,8 @@ fn specializes_tostring(cx: &LateContext<'_>, ty: Ty<'_>) -> bool {
         return true;
     }
 
-    if let ty::Adt(adt, substs) = ty.kind() {
-        cx.tcx.is_diagnostic_item(sym::Cow, adt.did()) && substs.type_at(1).is_str()
+    if let ty::Adt(adt, args) = ty.kind() {
+        cx.tcx.is_diagnostic_item(sym::Cow, adt.did()) && args.type_at(1).is_str()
     } else {
         false
     }
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/manual_ok_or.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/manual_ok_or.rs
index b9a0ec77996..3031193e531 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/manual_ok_or.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/manual_ok_or.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ pub(super) fn check<'tcx>(
     if_chain! {
         if let Some(method_id) = cx.typeck_results().type_dependent_def_id(expr.hir_id);
         if let Some(impl_id) = cx.tcx.impl_of_method(method_id);
-        if is_type_diagnostic_item(cx, cx.tcx.type_of(impl_id).subst_identity(), sym::Option);
+        if is_type_diagnostic_item(cx, cx.tcx.type_of(impl_id).instantiate_identity(), sym::Option);
         if let ExprKind::Call(err_path, [err_arg]) = or_expr.kind;
         if is_res_lang_ctor(cx, path_res(cx, err_path), ResultErr);
         if is_ok_wrapping(cx, map_expr);
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/map_clone.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/map_clone.rs
index 2b26ef01410..880efe60c1a 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/map_clone.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/map_clone.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ pub(super) fn check(cx: &LateContext<'_>, e: &hir::Expr<'_>, recv: &hir::Expr<'_
     if_chain! {
         if let Some(method_id) = cx.typeck_results().type_dependent_def_id(e.hir_id);
         if cx.tcx.impl_of_method(method_id)
-            .map_or(false, |id| is_type_diagnostic_item(cx, cx.tcx.type_of(id).subst_identity(), sym::Option))
+            .map_or(false, |id| is_type_diagnostic_item(cx, cx.tcx.type_of(id).instantiate_identity(), sym::Option))
             || is_diag_trait_item(cx, method_id, sym::Iterator);
         if let hir::ExprKind::Closure(&hir::Closure{ body, .. }) = arg.kind;
         then {
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/map_collect_result_unit.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/map_collect_result_unit.rs
index a0300d27870..042bab805b8 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/map_collect_result_unit.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/map_collect_result_unit.rs
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ pub(super) fn check(cx: &LateContext<'_>, expr: &hir::Expr<'_>, iter: &hir::Expr
     let collect_ret_ty = cx.typeck_results().expr_ty(expr);
     if_chain! {
         if is_type_diagnostic_item(cx, collect_ret_ty, sym::Result);
-        if let ty::Adt(_, substs) = collect_ret_ty.kind();
-        if let Some(result_t) = substs.types().next();
+        if let ty::Adt(_, args) = collect_ret_ty.kind();
+        if let Some(result_t) = args.types().next();
         if result_t.is_unit();
         // get parts for snippet
         then {
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/map_err_ignore.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/map_err_ignore.rs
index a5beb291f32..fbb83c8ce56 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/map_err_ignore.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/map_err_ignore.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use super::MAP_ERR_IGNORE;
 pub(super) fn check(cx: &LateContext<'_>, e: &Expr<'_>, arg: &Expr<'_>) {
     if let Some(method_id) = cx.typeck_results().type_dependent_def_id(e.hir_id)
         && let Some(impl_id) = cx.tcx.impl_of_method(method_id)
-        && is_type_diagnostic_item(cx, cx.tcx.type_of(impl_id).subst_identity(), sym::Result)
+        && is_type_diagnostic_item(cx, cx.tcx.type_of(impl_id).instantiate_identity(), sym::Result)
         && let ExprKind::Closure(&Closure {
             capture_clause: CaptureBy::Ref,
             body,
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/map_flatten.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/map_flatten.rs
index 361ffcb5ef3..950902d455b 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/map_flatten.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/map_flatten.rs
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ fn is_map_to_option(cx: &LateContext<'_>, map_arg: &Expr<'_>) -> bool {
     match map_closure_ty.kind() {
         ty::Closure(_, _) | ty::FnDef(_, _) | ty::FnPtr(_) => {
             let map_closure_sig = match map_closure_ty.kind() {
-                ty::Closure(_, substs) => substs.as_closure().sig(),
+                ty::Closure(_, args) => args.as_closure().sig(),
                 _ => map_closure_ty.fn_sig(cx.tcx),
             };
             let map_closure_return_ty = cx.tcx.erase_late_bound_regions(map_closure_sig.output());
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/mod.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/mod.rs
index 24dbe8c1d75..9ab78c6f8e0 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/mod.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/mod.rs
@@ -3508,11 +3508,11 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for Methods {
         let name = impl_item.ident.name.as_str();
         let parent = cx.tcx.hir().get_parent_item(impl_item.hir_id()).def_id;
         let item = cx.tcx.hir().expect_item(parent);
-        let self_ty = cx.tcx.type_of(item.owner_id).subst_identity();
+        let self_ty = cx.tcx.type_of(item.owner_id).instantiate_identity();
 
         let implements_trait = matches!(item.kind, hir::ItemKind::Impl(hir::Impl { of_trait: Some(_), .. }));
         if let hir::ImplItemKind::Fn(ref sig, id) = impl_item.kind {
-            let method_sig = cx.tcx.fn_sig(impl_item.owner_id).subst_identity();
+            let method_sig = cx.tcx.fn_sig(impl_item.owner_id).instantiate_identity();
             let method_sig = cx.tcx.erase_late_bound_regions(method_sig);
             let first_arg_ty_opt = method_sig.inputs().iter().next().copied();
             // if this impl block implements a trait, lint in trait definition instead
@@ -4113,8 +4113,8 @@ impl SelfKind {
             } else if ty.is_box() {
                 ty.boxed_ty() == parent_ty
             } else if is_type_diagnostic_item(cx, ty, sym::Rc) || is_type_diagnostic_item(cx, ty, sym::Arc) {
-                if let ty::Adt(_, substs) = ty.kind() {
-                    substs.types().next().map_or(false, |t| t == parent_ty)
+                if let ty::Adt(_, args) = ty.kind() {
+                    args.types().next().map_or(false, |t| t == parent_ty)
                 } else {
                     false
                 }
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/mut_mutex_lock.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/mut_mutex_lock.rs
index d0aa39d0627..fe024ee8dff 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/mut_mutex_lock.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/mut_mutex_lock.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ pub(super) fn check<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, ex: &'tcx Expr<'tcx>, recv: &'
         if let ty::Ref(_, _, Mutability::Mut) = cx.typeck_results().expr_ty(recv).kind();
         if let Some(method_id) = cx.typeck_results().type_dependent_def_id(ex.hir_id);
         if let Some(impl_id) = cx.tcx.impl_of_method(method_id);
-        if is_type_diagnostic_item(cx, cx.tcx.type_of(impl_id).subst_identity(), sym::Mutex);
+        if is_type_diagnostic_item(cx, cx.tcx.type_of(impl_id).instantiate_identity(), sym::Mutex);
         then {
             span_lint_and_sugg(
                 cx,
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/needless_collect.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/needless_collect.rs
index 8ca7af8107f..f34f1cf2704 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/needless_collect.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/needless_collect.rs
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ fn check_collect_into_intoiterator<'tcx>(
             // that contains `collect_expr`
             let inputs = cx
                 .tcx
-                .liberate_late_bound_regions(id, cx.tcx.fn_sig(id).subst_identity())
+                .liberate_late_bound_regions(id, cx.tcx.fn_sig(id).instantiate_identity())
                 .inputs();
 
             // map IntoIterator generic bounds to their signature
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ fn check_collect_into_intoiterator<'tcx>(
 /// Checks if the given method call matches the expected signature of `([&[mut]] self) -> bool`
 fn is_is_empty_sig(cx: &LateContext<'_>, call_id: HirId) -> bool {
     cx.typeck_results().type_dependent_def_id(call_id).map_or(false, |id| {
-        let sig = cx.tcx.fn_sig(id).subst_identity().skip_binder();
+        let sig = cx.tcx.fn_sig(id).instantiate_identity().skip_binder();
         sig.inputs().len() == 1 && sig.output().is_bool()
     })
 }
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ fn iterates_same_ty<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, iter_ty: Ty<'tcx>, collect_ty:
         && let Some(into_iter_item_proj) = make_projection(cx.tcx, into_iter_trait, item, [collect_ty])
         && let Ok(into_iter_item_ty) = cx.tcx.try_normalize_erasing_regions(
             cx.param_env,
-            Ty::new_projection(cx.tcx,into_iter_item_proj.def_id, into_iter_item_proj.substs)
+            Ty::new_projection(cx.tcx,into_iter_item_proj.def_id, into_iter_item_proj.args)
         )
     {
         iter_item_ty == into_iter_item_ty
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ fn iterates_same_ty<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, iter_ty: Ty<'tcx>, collect_ty:
 fn is_contains_sig(cx: &LateContext<'_>, call_id: HirId, iter_expr: &Expr<'_>) -> bool {
     let typeck = cx.typeck_results();
     if let Some(id) = typeck.type_dependent_def_id(call_id)
-        && let sig = cx.tcx.fn_sig(id).subst_identity()
+        && let sig = cx.tcx.fn_sig(id).instantiate_identity()
         && sig.skip_binder().output().is_bool()
         && let [_, search_ty] = *sig.skip_binder().inputs()
         && let ty::Ref(_, search_ty, Mutability::Not) = *cx.tcx.erase_late_bound_regions(sig.rebind(search_ty)).kind()
@@ -237,11 +237,11 @@ fn is_contains_sig(cx: &LateContext<'_>, call_id: HirId, iter_expr: &Expr<'_>) -
         && let Some(iter_item) = cx.tcx
             .associated_items(iter_trait)
             .find_by_name_and_kind(cx.tcx, Ident::with_dummy_span(Symbol::intern("Item")), AssocKind::Type, iter_trait)
-        && let substs = cx.tcx.mk_substs(&[GenericArg::from(typeck.expr_ty_adjusted(iter_expr))])
-        && let proj_ty = Ty::new_projection(cx.tcx,iter_item.def_id, substs)
+        && let args = cx.tcx.mk_args(&[GenericArg::from(typeck.expr_ty_adjusted(iter_expr))])
+        && let proj_ty = Ty::new_projection(cx.tcx,iter_item.def_id, args)
         && let Ok(item_ty) = cx.tcx.try_normalize_erasing_regions(cx.param_env, proj_ty)
     {
-        item_ty == EarlyBinder::bind(search_ty).subst(cx.tcx, cx.typeck_results().node_substs(call_id))
+        item_ty == EarlyBinder::bind(search_ty).instantiate(cx.tcx, cx.typeck_results().node_args(call_id))
     } else {
         false
     }
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/ok_expect.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/ok_expect.rs
index 646fc4a7bcf..f2ef42933df 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/ok_expect.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/ok_expect.rs
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ pub(super) fn check(cx: &LateContext<'_>, expr: &hir::Expr<'_>, recv: &hir::Expr
 /// Given a `Result<T, E>` type, return its error type (`E`).
 fn get_error_type<'a>(cx: &LateContext<'_>, ty: Ty<'a>) -> Option<Ty<'a>> {
     match ty.kind() {
-        ty::Adt(_, substs) if is_type_diagnostic_item(cx, ty, sym::Result) => substs.types().nth(1),
+        ty::Adt(_, args) if is_type_diagnostic_item(cx, ty, sym::Result) => args.types().nth(1),
         _ => None,
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/open_options.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/open_options.rs
index bd625a6914c..1c664e76d74 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/open_options.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/open_options.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use super::NONSENSICAL_OPEN_OPTIONS;
 pub(super) fn check<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, e: &'tcx Expr<'_>, recv: &'tcx Expr<'_>) {
     if let Some(method_id) = cx.typeck_results().type_dependent_def_id(e.hir_id)
         && let Some(impl_id) = cx.tcx.impl_of_method(method_id)
-        && match_type(cx, cx.tcx.type_of(impl_id).subst_identity(), &paths::OPEN_OPTIONS)
+        && match_type(cx, cx.tcx.type_of(impl_id).instantiate_identity(), &paths::OPEN_OPTIONS)
     {
         let mut options = Vec::new();
         get_open_options(cx, recv, &mut options);
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/path_buf_push_overwrite.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/path_buf_push_overwrite.rs
index 0284d9dea30..1c07d2a3a59 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/path_buf_push_overwrite.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/path_buf_push_overwrite.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ pub(super) fn check<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, expr: &'tcx Expr<'_>, arg: &'t
     if_chain! {
         if let Some(method_id) = cx.typeck_results().type_dependent_def_id(expr.hir_id);
         if let Some(impl_id) = cx.tcx.impl_of_method(method_id);
-        if is_type_diagnostic_item(cx, cx.tcx.type_of(impl_id).subst_identity(), sym::PathBuf);
+        if is_type_diagnostic_item(cx, cx.tcx.type_of(impl_id).instantiate_identity(), sym::PathBuf);
         if let ExprKind::Lit(lit) = arg.kind;
         if let LitKind::Str(ref path_lit, _) = lit.node;
         if let pushed_path = Path::new(path_lit.as_str());
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/stable_sort_primitive.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/stable_sort_primitive.rs
index b5fd0ad8ce5..0f4c97022db 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/stable_sort_primitive.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/stable_sort_primitive.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use super::STABLE_SORT_PRIMITIVE;
 pub(super) fn check<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, e: &'tcx Expr<'_>, recv: &'tcx Expr<'_>) {
     if let Some(method_id) = cx.typeck_results().type_dependent_def_id(e.hir_id)
         && let Some(impl_id) = cx.tcx.impl_of_method(method_id)
-        && cx.tcx.type_of(impl_id).subst_identity().is_slice()
+        && cx.tcx.type_of(impl_id).instantiate_identity().is_slice()
         && let Some(slice_type) = is_slice_of_primitives(cx, recv)
     {
         span_lint_and_then(
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/suspicious_splitn.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/suspicious_splitn.rs
index 90ca66bd70c..3cb2719e4a0 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/suspicious_splitn.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/suspicious_splitn.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ pub(super) fn check(cx: &LateContext<'_>, method_name: &str, expr: &Expr<'_>, se
         if let Some(call_id) = cx.typeck_results().type_dependent_def_id(expr.hir_id);
         if let Some(impl_id) = cx.tcx.impl_of_method(call_id);
         if cx.tcx.impl_trait_ref(impl_id).is_none();
-        let self_ty = cx.tcx.type_of(impl_id).subst_identity();
+        let self_ty = cx.tcx.type_of(impl_id).instantiate_identity();
         if self_ty.is_slice() || self_ty.is_str();
         then {
             // Ignore empty slice and string literals when used with a literal count.
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/unnecessary_sort_by.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/unnecessary_sort_by.rs
index 67618f7038a..e62a65a2712 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/unnecessary_sort_by.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/unnecessary_sort_by.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use if_chain::if_chain;
 use rustc_errors::Applicability;
 use rustc_hir::{Closure, Expr, ExprKind, Mutability, Param, Pat, PatKind, Path, PathSegment, QPath};
 use rustc_lint::LateContext;
-use rustc_middle::ty::{self, subst::GenericArgKind};
+use rustc_middle::ty::{self, GenericArgKind};
 use rustc_span::sym;
 use rustc_span::symbol::Ident;
 use std::iter;
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ fn detect_lint(cx: &LateContext<'_>, expr: &Expr<'_>, recv: &Expr<'_>, arg: &Exp
     if_chain! {
         if let Some(method_id) = cx.typeck_results().type_dependent_def_id(expr.hir_id);
         if let Some(impl_id) = cx.tcx.impl_of_method(method_id);
-        if cx.tcx.type_of(impl_id).subst_identity().is_slice();
+        if cx.tcx.type_of(impl_id).instantiate_identity().is_slice();
         if let ExprKind::Closure(&Closure { body, .. }) = arg.kind;
         if let closure_body = cx.tcx.hir().body(body);
         if let &[
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/unnecessary_to_owned.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/unnecessary_to_owned.rs
index 6bd5e9e88c8..21e2638e5b9 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/unnecessary_to_owned.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/unnecessary_to_owned.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ use rustc_infer::infer::TyCtxtInferExt;
 use rustc_lint::LateContext;
 use rustc_middle::mir::Mutability;
 use rustc_middle::ty::adjustment::{Adjust, Adjustment, OverloadedDeref};
-use rustc_middle::ty::subst::{GenericArg, GenericArgKind, SubstsRef};
+use rustc_middle::ty::{GenericArg, GenericArgKind, GenericArgsRef};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, ClauseKind, EarlyBinder, ParamTy, ProjectionPredicate, TraitPredicate, Ty};
 use rustc_span::{sym, Symbol};
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::{query::evaluate_obligation::InferCtxtExt as _, Obligation, ObligationCause};
@@ -250,8 +250,8 @@ fn check_other_call_arg<'tcx>(
 ) -> bool {
     if_chain! {
         if let Some((maybe_call, maybe_arg)) = skip_addr_of_ancestors(cx, expr);
-        if let Some((callee_def_id, _, recv, call_args)) = get_callee_substs_and_args(cx, maybe_call);
-        let fn_sig = cx.tcx.fn_sig(callee_def_id).subst_identity().skip_binder();
+        if let Some((callee_def_id, _, recv, call_args)) = get_callee_generic_args_and_args(cx, maybe_call);
+        let fn_sig = cx.tcx.fn_sig(callee_def_id).instantiate_identity().skip_binder();
         if let Some(i) = recv.into_iter().chain(call_args).position(|arg| arg.hir_id == maybe_arg.hir_id);
         if let Some(input) = fn_sig.inputs().get(i);
         let (input, n_refs) = peel_mid_ty_refs(*input);
@@ -315,26 +315,26 @@ fn skip_addr_of_ancestors<'tcx>(
 }
 
 /// Checks whether an expression is a function or method call and, if so, returns its `DefId`,
-/// `Substs`, and arguments.
-fn get_callee_substs_and_args<'tcx>(
+/// `GenericArgs`, and arguments.
+fn get_callee_generic_args_and_args<'tcx>(
     cx: &LateContext<'tcx>,
     expr: &'tcx Expr<'tcx>,
-) -> Option<(DefId, SubstsRef<'tcx>, Option<&'tcx Expr<'tcx>>, &'tcx [Expr<'tcx>])> {
+) -> Option<(DefId, GenericArgsRef<'tcx>, Option<&'tcx Expr<'tcx>>, &'tcx [Expr<'tcx>])> {
     if_chain! {
         if let ExprKind::Call(callee, args) = expr.kind;
         let callee_ty = cx.typeck_results().expr_ty(callee);
         if let ty::FnDef(callee_def_id, _) = callee_ty.kind();
         then {
-            let substs = cx.typeck_results().node_substs(callee.hir_id);
-            return Some((*callee_def_id, substs, None, args));
+            let generic_args = cx.typeck_results().node_args(callee.hir_id);
+            return Some((*callee_def_id, generic_args, None, args));
         }
     }
     if_chain! {
         if let ExprKind::MethodCall(_, recv, args, _) = expr.kind;
         if let Some(method_def_id) = cx.typeck_results().type_dependent_def_id(expr.hir_id);
         then {
-            let substs = cx.typeck_results().node_substs(expr.hir_id);
-            return Some((method_def_id, substs, Some(recv), args));
+            let generic_args = cx.typeck_results().node_args(expr.hir_id);
+            return Some((method_def_id, generic_args, Some(recv), args));
         }
     }
     None
@@ -388,17 +388,17 @@ fn can_change_type<'a>(cx: &LateContext<'a>, mut expr: &'a Expr<'a>, mut ty: Ty<
                 }
             }
             Node::Expr(parent_expr) => {
-                if let Some((callee_def_id, call_substs, recv, call_args)) = get_callee_substs_and_args(cx, parent_expr)
+                if let Some((callee_def_id, call_generic_args, recv, call_args)) = get_callee_generic_args_and_args(cx, parent_expr)
                 {
-                    // FIXME: the `subst_identity()` below seems incorrect, since we eventually
+                    // FIXME: the `instantiate_identity()` below seems incorrect, since we eventually
                     // call `tcx.try_subst_and_normalize_erasing_regions` further down
                     // (i.e., we are explicitly not in the identity context).
-                    let fn_sig = cx.tcx.fn_sig(callee_def_id).subst_identity().skip_binder();
+                    let fn_sig = cx.tcx.fn_sig(callee_def_id).instantiate_identity().skip_binder();
                     if let Some(arg_index) = recv.into_iter().chain(call_args).position(|arg| arg.hir_id == expr.hir_id)
                         && let Some(param_ty) = fn_sig.inputs().get(arg_index)
                         && let ty::Param(ParamTy { index: param_index , ..}) = param_ty.kind()
                         // https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/issues/9504 and https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/issues/10021
-                        && (*param_index as usize) < call_substs.len()
+                        && (*param_index as usize) < call_generic_args.len()
                     {
                         if fn_sig
                             .inputs()
@@ -422,8 +422,8 @@ fn can_change_type<'a>(cx: &LateContext<'a>, mut expr: &'a Expr<'a>, mut ty: Ty<
                             }
                         });
 
-                        let new_subst = cx.tcx.mk_substs_from_iter(
-                            call_substs.iter()
+                        let new_subst = cx.tcx.mk_args_from_iter(
+                            call_generic_args.iter()
                                 .enumerate()
                                 .map(|(i, t)|
                                      if i == (*param_index as usize) {
@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ fn can_change_type<'a>(cx: &LateContext<'a>, mut expr: &'a Expr<'a>, mut ty: Ty<
                                      }));
 
                         if trait_predicates.any(|predicate| {
-                            let predicate = EarlyBinder::bind(predicate).subst(cx.tcx, new_subst);
+                            let predicate = EarlyBinder::bind(predicate).instantiate(cx.tcx, new_subst);
                             let obligation = Obligation::new(cx.tcx, ObligationCause::dummy(), cx.param_env, predicate);
                             !cx.tcx.infer_ctxt().build().predicate_must_hold_modulo_regions(&obligation)
                         }) {
@@ -500,8 +500,8 @@ fn is_to_string_on_string_like<'a>(
         return false;
     }
 
-    if let Some(substs) = cx.typeck_results().node_substs_opt(call_expr.hir_id)
-        && let [generic_arg] = substs.as_slice()
+    if let Some(args) = cx.typeck_results().node_args_opt(call_expr.hir_id)
+        && let [generic_arg] = args.as_slice()
         && let GenericArgKind::Type(ty) = generic_arg.unpack()
         && let Some(deref_trait_id) = cx.tcx.get_diagnostic_item(sym::Deref)
         && let Some(as_ref_trait_id) = cx.tcx.get_diagnostic_item(sym::AsRef)
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/utils.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/utils.rs
index c96d6922697..9f1f73e6021 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/utils.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/utils.rs
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for CloneOrCopyVisitor<'cx, 'tcx> {
                         if_chain! {
                             if args.iter().all(|arg| !self.is_binding(arg));
                             if let Some(method_def_id) = self.cx.typeck_results().type_dependent_def_id(parent.hir_id);
-                            let method_ty = self.cx.tcx.type_of(method_def_id).subst_identity();
+                            let method_ty = self.cx.tcx.type_of(method_def_id).instantiate_identity();
                             let self_ty = method_ty.fn_sig(self.cx.tcx).input(0).skip_binder();
                             if matches!(self_ty.kind(), ty::Ref(_, _, Mutability::Not));
                             then {
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/vec_resize_to_zero.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/vec_resize_to_zero.rs
index b0cfc163fd0..73072718678 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/vec_resize_to_zero.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/methods/vec_resize_to_zero.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ pub(super) fn check<'tcx>(
     if_chain! {
         if let Some(method_id) = cx.typeck_results().type_dependent_def_id(expr.hir_id);
         if let Some(impl_id) = cx.tcx.impl_of_method(method_id);
-        if is_type_diagnostic_item(cx, cx.tcx.type_of(impl_id).subst_identity(), sym::Vec);
+        if is_type_diagnostic_item(cx, cx.tcx.type_of(impl_id).instantiate_identity(), sym::Vec);
         if let ExprKind::Lit(Spanned { node: LitKind::Int(0, _), .. }) = count_arg.kind;
         if let ExprKind::Lit(Spanned { node: LitKind::Int(..), .. }) = default_arg.kind;
         then {
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/mut_key.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/mut_key.rs
index 309f67521a3..5878f899541 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/mut_key.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/mut_key.rs
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ impl MutableKeyType {
     }
 
     fn check_sig(&self, cx: &LateContext<'_>, fn_def_id: LocalDefId, decl: &hir::FnDecl<'_>) {
-        let fn_sig = cx.tcx.fn_sig(fn_def_id).subst_identity();
+        let fn_sig = cx.tcx.fn_sig(fn_def_id).instantiate_identity();
         for (hir_ty, ty) in iter::zip(decl.inputs, fn_sig.inputs().skip_binder()) {
             self.check_ty_(cx, hir_ty.span, *ty);
         }
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ impl MutableKeyType {
     // generics (because the compiler cannot ensure immutability for unknown types).
     fn check_ty_<'tcx>(&self, cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, span: Span, ty: Ty<'tcx>) {
         let ty = ty.peel_refs();
-        if let Adt(def, substs) = ty.kind() {
+        if let Adt(def, args) = ty.kind() {
             let is_keyed_type = [sym::HashMap, sym::BTreeMap, sym::HashSet, sym::BTreeSet]
                 .iter()
                 .any(|diag_item| cx.tcx.is_diagnostic_item(*diag_item, def.did()));
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ impl MutableKeyType {
                 return;
             }
 
-            let subst_ty = substs.type_at(0);
+            let subst_ty = args.type_at(0);
             // Determines if a type contains interior mutability which would affect its implementation of
             // [`Hash`] or [`Ord`].
             if is_interior_mut_ty(cx, subst_ty)
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/mut_reference.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/mut_reference.rs
index e91aac41bc4..4b20aecad4a 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/mut_reference.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/mut_reference.rs
@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for UnnecessaryMutPassed {
             },
             ExprKind::MethodCall(path, receiver, arguments, _) => {
                 let def_id = cx.typeck_results().type_dependent_def_id(e.hir_id).unwrap();
-                let substs = cx.typeck_results().node_substs(e.hir_id);
-                let method_type = cx.tcx.type_of(def_id).subst(cx.tcx, substs);
+                let args = cx.typeck_results().node_args(e.hir_id);
+                let method_type = cx.tcx.type_of(def_id).instantiate(cx.tcx, args);
                 check_arguments(
                     cx,
                     std::iter::once(receiver).chain(arguments.iter()).collect(),
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/needless_pass_by_value.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/needless_pass_by_value.rs
index f11d5773d04..55b6e1606ee 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/needless_pass_by_value.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/needless_pass_by_value.rs
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for NeedlessPassByValue {
             ctx
         };
 
-        let fn_sig = cx.tcx.fn_sig(fn_def_id).subst_identity();
+        let fn_sig = cx.tcx.fn_sig(fn_def_id).instantiate_identity();
         let fn_sig = cx.tcx.liberate_late_bound_regions(fn_def_id.to_def_id(), fn_sig);
 
         for (idx, ((input, &ty), arg)) in decl.inputs.iter().zip(fn_sig.inputs()).zip(body.params).enumerate() {
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for NeedlessPassByValue {
                     !preds.is_empty() && {
                         let ty_empty_region = Ty::new_imm_ref(cx.tcx,cx.tcx.lifetimes.re_erased, ty);
                         preds.iter().all(|t| {
-                            let ty_params = t.trait_ref.substs.iter().skip(1).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+                            let ty_params = t.trait_ref.args.iter().skip(1).collect::<Vec<_>>();
                             implements_trait(cx, ty_empty_region, t.def_id(), &ty_params)
                         })
                     },
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/new_without_default.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/new_without_default.rs
index 653b1a8a05f..cf7cd671dca 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/new_without_default.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/new_without_default.rs
@@ -98,14 +98,14 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for NewWithoutDefault {
                             if name == sym::new;
                             if cx.effective_visibilities.is_reachable(impl_item.owner_id.def_id);
                             let self_def_id = cx.tcx.hir().get_parent_item(id.into());
-                            let self_ty = cx.tcx.type_of(self_def_id).subst_identity();
+                            let self_ty = cx.tcx.type_of(self_def_id).instantiate_identity();
                             if self_ty == return_ty(cx, id);
                             if let Some(default_trait_id) = cx.tcx.get_diagnostic_item(sym::Default);
                             then {
                                 if self.impling_types.is_none() {
                                     let mut impls = HirIdSet::default();
                                     cx.tcx.for_each_impl(default_trait_id, |d| {
-                                        let ty = cx.tcx.type_of(d).subst_identity();
+                                        let ty = cx.tcx.type_of(d).instantiate_identity();
                                         if let Some(ty_def) = ty.ty_adt_def() {
                                             if let Some(local_def_id) = ty_def.did().as_local() {
                                                 impls.insert(cx.tcx.hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(local_def_id));
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for NewWithoutDefault {
                                 // generics
                                 if_chain! {
                                     if let Some(ref impling_types) = self.impling_types;
-                                    let self_def = cx.tcx.type_of(self_def_id).subst_identity();
+                                    let self_def = cx.tcx.type_of(self_def_id).instantiate_identity();
                                     if let Some(self_def) = self_def.ty_adt_def();
                                     if let Some(self_local_did) = self_def.did().as_local();
                                     let self_id = cx.tcx.hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(self_local_did);
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/non_copy_const.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/non_copy_const.rs
index 75f1e95276a..12d4f33d428 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/non_copy_const.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/non_copy_const.rs
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ fn is_value_unfrozen_raw<'tcx>(
                 val.unwrap_branch().iter().any(|field| inner(cx, *field, ty))
             },
             ty::Adt(def, _) if def.is_union() => false,
-            ty::Adt(def, substs) if def.is_enum() => {
+            ty::Adt(def, args) if def.is_enum() => {
                 let (&variant_index, fields) = val.unwrap_branch().split_first().unwrap();
                 let variant_index =
                     VariantIdx::from_u32(variant_index.unwrap_leaf().try_to_u32().ok().unwrap());
@@ -166,10 +166,10 @@ fn is_value_unfrozen_raw<'tcx>(
                     def.variants()[variant_index]
                         .fields
                         .iter()
-                        .map(|field| field.ty(cx.tcx, substs))).any(|(field, ty)| inner(cx, field, ty))
+                        .map(|field| field.ty(cx.tcx, args))).any(|(field, ty)| inner(cx, field, ty))
             }
-            ty::Adt(def, substs) => {
-                val.unwrap_branch().iter().zip(def.non_enum_variant().fields.iter().map(|field| field.ty(cx.tcx, substs))).any(|(field, ty)| inner(cx, *field, ty))
+            ty::Adt(def, args) => {
+                val.unwrap_branch().iter().zip(def.non_enum_variant().fields.iter().map(|field| field.ty(cx.tcx, args))).any(|(field, ty)| inner(cx, *field, ty))
             }
             ty::Tuple(tys) => val.unwrap_branch().iter().zip(tys).any(|(field, ty)| inner(cx, *field, ty)),
             _ => false,
@@ -206,8 +206,8 @@ fn is_value_unfrozen_raw<'tcx>(
 
 fn is_value_unfrozen_poly<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, body_id: BodyId, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> bool {
     let def_id = body_id.hir_id.owner.to_def_id();
-    let substs = ty::InternalSubsts::identity_for_item(cx.tcx, def_id);
-    let instance = ty::Instance::new(def_id, substs);
+    let args = ty::GenericArgs::identity_for_item(cx.tcx, def_id);
+    let instance = ty::Instance::new(def_id, args);
     let cid = rustc_middle::mir::interpret::GlobalId { instance, promoted: None };
     let param_env = cx.tcx.param_env(def_id).with_reveal_all_normalized(cx.tcx);
     let result = cx.tcx.const_eval_global_id_for_typeck(param_env, cid, None);
@@ -215,9 +215,9 @@ fn is_value_unfrozen_poly<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, body_id: BodyId, ty: Ty<
 }
 
 fn is_value_unfrozen_expr<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, hir_id: HirId, def_id: DefId, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> bool {
-    let substs = cx.typeck_results().node_substs(hir_id);
+    let args = cx.typeck_results().node_args(hir_id);
 
-    let result = const_eval_resolve(cx.tcx, cx.param_env, ty::UnevaluatedConst::new(def_id, substs), None);
+    let result = const_eval_resolve(cx.tcx, cx.param_env, ty::UnevaluatedConst::new(def_id, args), None);
     is_value_unfrozen_raw(cx, result, ty)
 }
 
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ pub fn const_eval_resolve<'tcx>(
     ct: ty::UnevaluatedConst<'tcx>,
     span: Option<Span>,
 ) -> EvalToValTreeResult<'tcx> {
-    match ty::Instance::resolve(tcx, param_env, ct.def, ct.substs) {
+    match ty::Instance::resolve(tcx, param_env, ct.def, ct.args) {
         Ok(Some(instance)) => {
             let cid = GlobalId { instance, promoted: None };
             tcx.const_eval_global_id_for_typeck(param_env, cid, span)
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for NonCopyConst {
                                 // and, in that case, the definition is *not* generic.
                                 cx.tcx.normalize_erasing_regions(
                                     cx.tcx.param_env(of_trait_def_id),
-                                    cx.tcx.type_of(of_assoc_item).subst_identity(),
+                                    cx.tcx.type_of(of_assoc_item).instantiate_identity(),
                                 ),
                             ))
                             .is_err();
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/non_send_fields_in_send_ty.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/non_send_fields_in_send_ty.rs
index 7eaa7db78a4..c5e777c2070 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/non_send_fields_in_send_ty.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/non_send_fields_in_send_ty.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc_hir::{FieldDef, Item, ItemKind, Node};
 use rustc_lint::{LateContext, LateLintPass};
 use rustc_middle::lint::in_external_macro;
-use rustc_middle::ty::{self, subst::GenericArgKind, Ty};
+use rustc_middle::ty::{self, GenericArgKind, Ty};
 use rustc_session::{declare_tool_lint, impl_lint_pass};
 use rustc_span::sym;
 
@@ -90,8 +90,8 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for NonSendFieldInSendTy {
             if send_trait == trait_id;
             if hir_impl.polarity == ImplPolarity::Positive;
             if let Some(ty_trait_ref) = cx.tcx.impl_trait_ref(item.owner_id);
-            if let self_ty = ty_trait_ref.subst_identity().self_ty();
-            if let ty::Adt(adt_def, impl_trait_substs) = self_ty.kind();
+            if let self_ty = ty_trait_ref.instantiate_identity().self_ty();
+            if let ty::Adt(adt_def, impl_trait_args) = self_ty.kind();
             then {
                 let mut non_send_fields = Vec::new();
 
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for NonSendFieldInSendTy {
                                 .as_local()
                                 .map(|local_def_id| hir_map.local_def_id_to_hir_id(local_def_id));
                             if !is_lint_allowed(cx, NON_SEND_FIELDS_IN_SEND_TY, field_hir_id);
-                            if let field_ty = field.ty(cx.tcx, impl_trait_substs);
+                            if let field_ty = field.ty(cx.tcx, impl_trait_args);
                             if !ty_allowed_in_send(cx, field_ty, send_trait);
                             if let Node::Field(field_def) = hir_map.get(field_hir_id);
                             then {
@@ -206,10 +206,10 @@ fn ty_allowed_with_raw_pointer_heuristic<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'t
             .iter()
             .all(|ty| ty_allowed_with_raw_pointer_heuristic(cx, ty, send_trait)),
         ty::Array(ty, _) | ty::Slice(ty) => ty_allowed_with_raw_pointer_heuristic(cx, *ty, send_trait),
-        ty::Adt(_, substs) => {
+        ty::Adt(_, args) => {
             if contains_pointer_like(cx, ty) {
                 // descends only if ADT contains any raw pointers
-                substs.iter().all(|generic_arg| match generic_arg.unpack() {
+                args.iter().all(|generic_arg| match generic_arg.unpack() {
                     GenericArgKind::Type(ty) => ty_allowed_with_raw_pointer_heuristic(cx, ty, send_trait),
                     // Lifetimes and const generics are not solid part of ADT and ignored
                     GenericArgKind::Lifetime(_) | GenericArgKind::Const(_) => true,
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ fn ty_allowed_with_raw_pointer_heuristic<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'t
     }
 }
 
-/// Checks if the type contains any pointer-like types in substs (including nested ones)
+/// Checks if the type contains any pointer-like types in args (including nested ones)
 fn contains_pointer_like<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, target_ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> bool {
     for ty_node in target_ty.walk() {
         if let GenericArgKind::Type(inner_ty) = ty_node.unpack() {
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/only_used_in_recursion.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/only_used_in_recursion.rs
index 8b77a5c99f7..3615c7ec9bf 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/only_used_in_recursion.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/only_used_in_recursion.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc_hir::hir_id::HirIdMap;
 use rustc_hir::{Body, Expr, ExprKind, HirId, ImplItem, ImplItemKind, Node, PatKind, TraitItem, TraitItemKind};
 use rustc_lint::{LateContext, LateLintPass};
-use rustc_middle::ty::subst::{EarlyBinder, GenericArgKind, SubstsRef};
+use rustc_middle::ty::{EarlyBinder, GenericArgKind, GenericArgsRef};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, ConstKind};
 use rustc_session::{declare_tool_lint, impl_lint_pass};
 use rustc_span::symbol::{kw, Ident};
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ impl_lint_pass!(OnlyUsedInRecursion => [ONLY_USED_IN_RECURSION]);
 enum FnKind {
     Fn,
     TraitFn,
-    // This is a hack. Ideally we would store a `SubstsRef<'tcx>` type here, but a lint pass must be `'static`.
+    // This is a hack. Ideally we would store a `GenericArgsRef<'tcx>` type here, but a lint pass must be `'static`.
     // Substitutions are, however, interned. This allows us to store the pointer as a `usize` when comparing for
     // equality.
     ImplTraitFn(usize),
@@ -244,12 +244,12 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for OnlyUsedInRecursion {
             })) => {
                 #[allow(trivial_casts)]
                 if let Some(Node::Item(item)) = get_parent_node(cx.tcx, owner_id.into())
-                    && let Some(trait_ref) = cx.tcx.impl_trait_ref(item.owner_id).map(EarlyBinder::subst_identity)
+                    && let Some(trait_ref) = cx.tcx.impl_trait_ref(item.owner_id).map(EarlyBinder::instantiate_identity)
                     && let Some(trait_item_id) = cx.tcx.associated_item(owner_id).trait_item_def_id
                 {
                     (
                         trait_item_id,
-                        FnKind::ImplTraitFn(cx.tcx.erase_regions(trait_ref.substs) as *const _ as usize),
+                        FnKind::ImplTraitFn(cx.tcx.erase_regions(trait_ref.args) as *const _ as usize),
                         usize::from(sig.decl.implicit_self.has_implicit_self()),
                     )
                 } else {
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for OnlyUsedInRecursion {
                         ExprKind::Call(callee, args)
                             if path_def_id(cx, callee).map_or(false, |id| {
                                 id == param.fn_id
-                                    && has_matching_substs(param.fn_kind, typeck.node_substs(callee.hir_id))
+                                    && has_matching_args(param.fn_kind, typeck.node_args(callee.hir_id))
                             }) =>
                         {
                             if let Some(idx) = args.iter().position(|arg| arg.hir_id == child_id) {
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for OnlyUsedInRecursion {
                         ExprKind::MethodCall(_, receiver, args, _)
                             if typeck.type_dependent_def_id(parent.hir_id).map_or(false, |id| {
                                 id == param.fn_id
-                                    && has_matching_substs(param.fn_kind, typeck.node_substs(parent.hir_id))
+                                    && has_matching_args(param.fn_kind, typeck.node_args(parent.hir_id))
                             }) =>
                         {
                             if let Some(idx) = iter::once(receiver).chain(args).position(|arg| arg.hir_id == child_id) {
@@ -381,15 +381,15 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for OnlyUsedInRecursion {
     }
 }
 
-fn has_matching_substs(kind: FnKind, substs: SubstsRef<'_>) -> bool {
+fn has_matching_args(kind: FnKind, args: GenericArgsRef<'_>) -> bool {
     match kind {
         FnKind::Fn => true,
-        FnKind::TraitFn => substs.iter().enumerate().all(|(idx, subst)| match subst.unpack() {
+        FnKind::TraitFn => args.iter().enumerate().all(|(idx, subst)| match subst.unpack() {
             GenericArgKind::Lifetime(_) => true,
             GenericArgKind::Type(ty) => matches!(*ty.kind(), ty::Param(ty) if ty.index as usize == idx),
             GenericArgKind::Const(c) => matches!(c.kind(), ConstKind::Param(c) if c.index as usize == idx),
         }),
         #[allow(trivial_casts)]
-        FnKind::ImplTraitFn(expected_substs) => substs as *const _ as usize == expected_substs,
+        FnKind::ImplTraitFn(expected_args) => args as *const _ as usize == expected_args,
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/pass_by_ref_or_value.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/pass_by_ref_or_value.rs
index eab725de17f..7b4812e98d8 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/pass_by_ref_or_value.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/pass_by_ref_or_value.rs
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ impl<'tcx> PassByRefOrValue {
             return;
         }
 
-        let fn_sig = cx.tcx.fn_sig(def_id).subst_identity();
+        let fn_sig = cx.tcx.fn_sig(def_id).instantiate_identity();
         let fn_body = cx.enclosing_body.map(|id| cx.tcx.hir().body(id));
 
         // Gather all the lifetimes found in the output type which may affect whether
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/ptr.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/ptr.rs
index 32213718b27..eb7c008c7a4 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/ptr.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/ptr.rs
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for Ptr {
             check_mut_from_ref(cx, sig, None);
             for arg in check_fn_args(
                 cx,
-                cx.tcx.fn_sig(item.owner_id).subst_identity().skip_binder().inputs(),
+                cx.tcx.fn_sig(item.owner_id).instantiate_identity().skip_binder().inputs(),
                 sig.decl.inputs,
                 &sig.decl.output,
                 &[],
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for Ptr {
 
         check_mut_from_ref(cx, sig, Some(body));
         let decl = sig.decl;
-        let sig = cx.tcx.fn_sig(item_id).subst_identity().skip_binder();
+        let sig = cx.tcx.fn_sig(item_id).instantiate_identity().skip_binder();
         let lint_args: Vec<_> = check_fn_args(cx, sig.inputs(), decl.inputs, &decl.output, body.params)
             .filter(|arg| !is_trait_item || arg.mutability() == Mutability::Not)
             .collect();
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ fn check_fn_args<'cx, 'tcx: 'cx>(
         .enumerate()
         .filter_map(move |(i, (ty, hir_ty))| {
             if let ty::Ref(_, ty, mutability) = *ty.kind()
-                && let  ty::Adt(adt, substs) = *ty.kind()
+                && let  ty::Adt(adt, args) = *ty.kind()
                 && let TyKind::Ref(lt, ref ty) = hir_ty.kind
                 && let TyKind::Path(QPath::Resolved(None, path)) = ty.ty.kind
                 // Check that the name as typed matches the actual name of the type.
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ fn check_fn_args<'cx, 'tcx: 'cx>(
                                     } else {
                                         None
                                     }),
-                                substs.type_at(0),
+                                args.type_at(0),
                             ),
                         ),
                         _ if Some(adt.did()) == cx.tcx.lang_items().string() => (
@@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ fn check_fn_args<'cx, 'tcx: 'cx>(
                                 }
 
                                 let ty_name =
-                                    snippet_opt(cx, ty.span()).unwrap_or_else(|| substs.type_at(1).to_string());
+                                    snippet_opt(cx, ty.span()).unwrap_or_else(|| args.type_at(1).to_string());
 
                                 span_lint_hir_and_then(
                                     cx,
@@ -659,7 +659,7 @@ fn check_ptr_arg_usage<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, body: &'tcx Body<'_>, args:
                             return;
                         };
 
-                        match *self.cx.tcx.fn_sig(id).subst_identity().skip_binder().inputs()[i]
+                        match *self.cx.tcx.fn_sig(id).instantiate_identity().skip_binder().inputs()[i]
                             .peel_refs()
                             .kind()
                         {
@@ -725,7 +725,7 @@ fn matches_preds<'tcx>(
     let infcx = cx.tcx.infer_ctxt().build();
     preds.iter().all(|&p| match cx.tcx.erase_late_bound_regions(p) {
         ExistentialPredicate::Trait(p) => infcx
-            .type_implements_trait(p.def_id, [ty.into()].into_iter().chain(p.substs.iter()), cx.param_env)
+            .type_implements_trait(p.def_id, [ty.into()].into_iter().chain(p.args.iter()), cx.param_env)
             .must_apply_modulo_regions(),
         ExistentialPredicate::Projection(p) => infcx.predicate_must_hold_modulo_regions(&Obligation::new(
             cx.tcx,
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/redundant_slicing.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/redundant_slicing.rs
index c70ce83a9c4..2b65c08d25d 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/redundant_slicing.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/redundant_slicing.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use rustc_hir::{BorrowKind, Expr, ExprKind, LangItem, Mutability};
 use rustc_lint::{LateContext, LateLintPass, Lint};
 use rustc_middle::ty::Ty;
 use rustc_middle::ty::adjustment::{Adjust, AutoBorrow, AutoBorrowMutability};
-use rustc_middle::ty::subst::GenericArg;
+use rustc_middle::ty::GenericArg;
 use rustc_session::{declare_lint_pass, declare_tool_lint};
 
 declare_clippy_lint! {
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for RedundantSlicing {
                 } else if let Some(target_id) = cx.tcx.lang_items().deref_target() {
                     if let Ok(deref_ty) = cx.tcx.try_normalize_erasing_regions(
                         cx.param_env,
-                        Ty::new_projection(cx.tcx,target_id, cx.tcx.mk_substs(&[GenericArg::from(indexed_ty)])),
+                        Ty::new_projection(cx.tcx,target_id, cx.tcx.mk_args(&[GenericArg::from(indexed_ty)])),
                     ) {
                         if deref_ty == expr_ty {
                             let snip = snippet_with_context(cx, indexed.span, ctxt, "..", &mut app).0;
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/returns.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/returns.rs
index 958351ad81b..4977df6c83f 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/returns.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/returns.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use rustc_hir::intravisit::FnKind;
 use rustc_hir::{Block, Body, Expr, ExprKind, FnDecl, LangItem, MatchSource, PatKind, QPath, StmtKind};
 use rustc_lint::{LateContext, LateLintPass, LintContext};
 use rustc_middle::lint::in_external_macro;
-use rustc_middle::ty::{self, subst::GenericArgKind, Ty};
+use rustc_middle::ty::{self, GenericArgKind, Ty};
 use rustc_session::{declare_lint_pass, declare_tool_lint};
 use rustc_span::def_id::LocalDefId;
 use rustc_span::source_map::Span;
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ fn last_statement_borrows<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, expr: &'tcx Expr<'tcx>)
             && cx
                 .tcx
                 .fn_sig(def_id)
-                .subst_identity()
+                .instantiate_identity()
                 .skip_binder()
                 .output()
                 .walk()
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/self_named_constructors.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/self_named_constructors.rs
index beca203c868..b92014f68b3 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/self_named_constructors.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/self_named_constructors.rs
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for SelfNamedConstructors {
 
         let parent = cx.tcx.hir().get_parent_item(impl_item.hir_id()).def_id;
         let item = cx.tcx.hir().expect_item(parent);
-        let self_ty = cx.tcx.type_of(item.owner_id).subst_identity();
+        let self_ty = cx.tcx.type_of(item.owner_id).instantiate_identity();
         let ret_ty = return_ty(cx, impl_item.owner_id);
 
         // Do not check trait impls
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/significant_drop_tightening.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/significant_drop_tightening.rs
index fffa8a380c2..1493ad44ee5 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/significant_drop_tightening.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/significant_drop_tightening.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use rustc_hir::{
     intravisit::{walk_expr, Visitor},
 };
 use rustc_lint::{LateContext, LateLintPass, LintContext};
-use rustc_middle::ty::{subst::GenericArgKind, Ty, TypeAndMut};
+use rustc_middle::ty::{GenericArgKind, Ty, TypeAndMut};
 use rustc_session::{declare_tool_lint, impl_lint_pass};
 use rustc_span::{symbol::Ident, Span, DUMMY_SP};
 use std::borrow::Cow;
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/size_of_in_element_count.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/size_of_in_element_count.rs
index ac4e29e9dfd..80c834066bb 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/size_of_in_element_count.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/size_of_in_element_count.rs
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ fn get_size_of_ty<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, expr: &'tcx Expr<'_>, inverted:
                 if let Some(def_id) = cx.qpath_res(count_func_qpath, count_func.hir_id).opt_def_id();
                 if matches!(cx.tcx.get_diagnostic_name(def_id), Some(sym::mem_size_of | sym::mem_size_of_val));
                 then {
-                    cx.typeck_results().node_substs(count_func.hir_id).types().next()
+                    cx.typeck_results().node_args(count_func.hir_id).types().next()
                 } else {
                     None
                 }
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ fn get_pointee_ty_and_count_expr<'tcx>(
         if FUNCTIONS.iter().any(|func_path| match_def_path(cx, def_id, func_path));
 
         // Get the pointee type
-        if let Some(pointee_ty) = cx.typeck_results().node_substs(func.hir_id).types().next();
+        if let Some(pointee_ty) = cx.typeck_results().node_args(func.hir_id).types().next();
         then {
             return Some((pointee_ty, count));
         }
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/transmute/transmute_undefined_repr.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/transmute/transmute_undefined_repr.rs
index 5e24213d07f..9e5d7662426 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/transmute/transmute_undefined_repr.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/transmute/transmute_undefined_repr.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use clippy_utils::diagnostics::span_lint_and_then;
 use clippy_utils::ty::is_c_void;
 use rustc_hir::Expr;
 use rustc_lint::LateContext;
-use rustc_middle::ty::SubstsRef;
+use rustc_middle::ty::GenericArgsRef;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, IntTy, Ty, TypeAndMut, UintTy};
 
 #[expect(clippy::too_many_lines)]
@@ -268,12 +268,12 @@ fn reduce_ty<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, mut ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> ReducedTy<'tcx>
                 }
                 ReducedTy::UnorderedFields(ty)
             },
-            ty::Adt(def, substs) if def.is_struct() => {
+            ty::Adt(def, args) if def.is_struct() => {
                 let mut iter = def
                     .non_enum_variant()
                     .fields
                     .iter()
-                    .map(|f| cx.tcx.type_of(f.did).subst(cx.tcx, substs));
+                    .map(|f| cx.tcx.type_of(f.did).instantiate(cx.tcx, args));
                 let Some(sized_ty) = iter.find(|&ty| !is_zero_sized_ty(cx, ty)) else {
                     return ReducedTy::TypeErasure { raw_ptr_only: false };
                 };
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ fn is_size_pair(ty: Ty<'_>) -> bool {
     }
 }
 
-fn same_except_params<'tcx>(subs1: SubstsRef<'tcx>, subs2: SubstsRef<'tcx>) -> bool {
+fn same_except_params<'tcx>(subs1: GenericArgsRef<'tcx>, subs2: GenericArgsRef<'tcx>) -> bool {
     // TODO: check const parameters as well. Currently this will consider `Array<5>` the same as
     // `Array<6>`
     for (ty1, ty2) in subs1.types().zip(subs2.types()).filter(|(ty1, ty2)| ty1 != ty2) {
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/transmute/unsound_collection_transmute.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/transmute/unsound_collection_transmute.rs
index b1445311b71..891fefc17a6 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/transmute/unsound_collection_transmute.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/transmute/unsound_collection_transmute.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use rustc_span::symbol::sym;
 /// Returns `true` if it's triggered, otherwise returns `false`.
 pub(super) fn check<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, e: &'tcx Expr<'_>, from_ty: Ty<'tcx>, to_ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> bool {
     match (&from_ty.kind(), &to_ty.kind()) {
-        (ty::Adt(from_adt, from_substs), ty::Adt(to_adt, to_substs)) => {
+        (ty::Adt(from_adt, from_args), ty::Adt(to_adt, to_args)) => {
             if from_adt.did() != to_adt.did() {
                 return false;
             }
@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@ pub(super) fn check<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, e: &'tcx Expr<'_>, from_ty: Ty
             ) {
                 return false;
             }
-            if from_substs
+            if from_args
                 .types()
-                .zip(to_substs.types())
+                .zip(to_args.types())
                 .any(|(from_ty, to_ty)| is_layout_incompatible(cx, from_ty, to_ty))
             {
                 span_lint(
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/uninit_vec.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/uninit_vec.rs
index 1ab0162a881..6756df8e716 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/uninit_vec.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/uninit_vec.rs
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ fn handle_uninit_vec_pair<'tcx>(
         if let Some((set_len_self, call_span)) = extract_set_len_self(cx, maybe_set_len);
         if vec.location.eq_expr(cx, set_len_self);
         if let ty::Ref(_, vec_ty, _) = cx.typeck_results().expr_ty_adjusted(set_len_self).kind();
-        if let ty::Adt(_, substs) = vec_ty.kind();
+        if let ty::Adt(_, args) = vec_ty.kind();
         // `#[allow(...)]` attribute can be set on enclosing unsafe block of `set_len()`
         if !is_lint_allowed(cx, UNINIT_VEC, maybe_set_len.hir_id);
         then {
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ fn handle_uninit_vec_pair<'tcx>(
                 // with_capacity / reserve -> set_len
 
                 // Check T of Vec<T>
-                if !is_uninit_value_valid_for_ty(cx, substs.type_at(0)) {
+                if !is_uninit_value_valid_for_ty(cx, args.type_at(0)) {
                     // FIXME: #7698, false positive of the internal lints
                     #[expect(clippy::collapsible_span_lint_calls)]
                     span_lint_and_then(
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/unit_return_expecting_ord.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/unit_return_expecting_ord.rs
index 99a1d197678..dd829ded0d0 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/unit_return_expecting_ord.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/unit_return_expecting_ord.rs
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ fn get_projection_pred<'tcx>(
     generics.predicates.iter().find_map(|(proj_pred, _)| {
         if let ClauseKind::Projection(pred) = proj_pred.kind().skip_binder() {
             let projection_pred = cx.tcx.erase_late_bound_regions(proj_pred.kind().rebind(pred));
-            if projection_pred.projection_ty.substs == trait_pred.trait_ref.substs {
+            if projection_pred.projection_ty.args == trait_pred.trait_ref.args {
                 return Some(projection_pred);
             }
         }
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ fn get_projection_pred<'tcx>(
 fn get_args_to_check<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, expr: &'tcx Expr<'tcx>) -> Vec<(usize, String)> {
     let mut args_to_check = Vec::new();
     if let Some(def_id) = cx.typeck_results().type_dependent_def_id(expr.hir_id) {
-        let fn_sig = cx.tcx.fn_sig(def_id).subst_identity();
+        let fn_sig = cx.tcx.fn_sig(def_id).instantiate_identity();
         let generics = cx.tcx.predicates_of(def_id);
         let fn_mut_preds = get_trait_predicates_for_trait_id(cx, generics, cx.tcx.lang_items().fn_mut_trait());
         let ord_preds = get_trait_predicates_for_trait_id(cx, generics, cx.tcx.get_diagnostic_item(sym::Ord));
@@ -120,8 +120,8 @@ fn get_args_to_check<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, expr: &'tcx Expr<'tcx>) -> Ve
 fn check_arg<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, arg: &'tcx Expr<'tcx>) -> Option<(Span, Option<Span>)> {
     if_chain! {
         if let ExprKind::Closure(&Closure { body, fn_decl_span, .. }) = arg.kind;
-        if let ty::Closure(_def_id, substs) = &cx.typeck_results().node_type(arg.hir_id).kind();
-        let ret_ty = substs.as_closure().sig().output();
+        if let ty::Closure(_def_id, args) = &cx.typeck_results().node_type(arg.hir_id).kind();
+        let ret_ty = args.as_closure().sig().output();
         let ty = cx.tcx.erase_late_bound_regions(ret_ty);
         if ty.is_unit();
         then {
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/unit_types/let_unit_value.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/unit_types/let_unit_value.rs
index cc7c2b039f2..704d7abd7e5 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/unit_types/let_unit_value.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/unit_types/let_unit_value.rs
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ fn needs_inferred_result_ty(
         },
         _ => return false,
     };
-    let sig = cx.tcx.fn_sig(id).subst_identity().skip_binder();
+    let sig = cx.tcx.fn_sig(id).instantiate_identity().skip_binder();
     if let ty::Param(output_ty) = *sig.output().kind() {
         let args: Vec<&Expr<'_>> = if let Some(receiver) = receiver {
             std::iter::once(receiver).chain(args.iter()).collect()
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/unnamed_address.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/unnamed_address.rs
index 0f5cdb6aaea..dea8a1e35bb 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/unnamed_address.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/unnamed_address.rs
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ impl LateLintPass<'_> for UnnamedAddress {
             if let ExprKind::Path(ref func_qpath) = func.kind;
             if let Some(def_id) = cx.qpath_res(func_qpath, func.hir_id).opt_def_id();
             if match_def_path(cx, def_id, &paths::PTR_EQ);
-            let ty_param = cx.typeck_results().node_substs(func.hir_id).type_at(0);
+            let ty_param = cx.typeck_results().node_args(func.hir_id).type_at(0);
             if ty_param.is_trait();
             then {
                 span_lint_and_help(
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/use_self.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/use_self.rs
index 5a02987453c..81dc426b389 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/use_self.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/use_self.rs
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for UseSelf {
             then {
                 // `self_ty` is the semantic self type of `impl <trait> for <type>`. This cannot be
                 // `Self`.
-                let self_ty = impl_trait_ref.subst_identity().self_ty();
+                let self_ty = impl_trait_ref.instantiate_identity().self_ty();
 
                 // `trait_method_sig` is the signature of the function, how it is declared in the
                 // trait, not in the impl of the trait.
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for UseSelf {
                     .associated_item(impl_item.owner_id)
                     .trait_item_def_id
                     .expect("impl method matches a trait method");
-                let trait_method_sig = cx.tcx.fn_sig(trait_method).subst_identity();
+                let trait_method_sig = cx.tcx.fn_sig(trait_method).instantiate_identity();
                 let trait_method_sig = cx.tcx.erase_late_bound_regions(trait_method_sig);
 
                 // `impl_inputs_outputs` is an iterator over the types (`hir::Ty`) declared in the
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for UseSelf {
             } else {
                 hir_ty_to_ty(cx.tcx, hir_ty)
             };
-            if same_type_and_consts(ty, cx.tcx.type_of(impl_id).subst_identity());
+            if same_type_and_consts(ty, cx.tcx.type_of(impl_id).instantiate_identity());
             then {
                 span_lint(cx, hir_ty.span);
             }
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for UseSelf {
             if !expr.span.from_expansion();
             if self.msrv.meets(msrvs::TYPE_ALIAS_ENUM_VARIANTS);
             if let Some(&StackItem::Check { impl_id, .. }) = self.stack.last();
-            if cx.typeck_results().expr_ty(expr) == cx.tcx.type_of(impl_id).subst_identity();
+            if cx.typeck_results().expr_ty(expr) == cx.tcx.type_of(impl_id).instantiate_identity();
             then {} else { return; }
         }
         match expr.kind {
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for UseSelf {
             if let PatKind::Path(QPath::Resolved(_, path))
                  | PatKind::TupleStruct(QPath::Resolved(_, path), _, _)
                  | PatKind::Struct(QPath::Resolved(_, path), _, _) = pat.kind;
-            if cx.typeck_results().pat_ty(pat) == cx.tcx.type_of(impl_id).subst_identity();
+            if cx.typeck_results().pat_ty(pat) == cx.tcx.type_of(impl_id).instantiate_identity();
             then {
                 check_path(cx, path);
             }
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/useless_conversion.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/useless_conversion.rs
index b6c11cfb355..98f7bfb4ba1 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/useless_conversion.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/useless_conversion.rs
@@ -227,8 +227,8 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for UselessConversion {
                     let a = cx.typeck_results().expr_ty(e);
                     let b = cx.typeck_results().expr_ty(recv);
                     if is_type_diagnostic_item(cx, a, sym::Result);
-                    if let ty::Adt(_, substs) = a.kind();
-                    if let Some(a_type) = substs.types().next();
+                    if let ty::Adt(_, args) = a.kind();
+                    if let Some(a_type) = args.types().next();
                     if same_type_and_consts(a_type, b);
 
                     then {
@@ -255,8 +255,8 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for UselessConversion {
                         if_chain! {
                             if match_def_path(cx, def_id, &paths::TRY_FROM);
                             if is_type_diagnostic_item(cx, a, sym::Result);
-                            if let ty::Adt(_, substs) = a.kind();
-                            if let Some(a_type) = substs.types().next();
+                            if let ty::Adt(_, args) = a.kind();
+                            if let Some(a_type) = args.types().next();
                             if same_type_and_consts(a_type, b);
 
                             then {
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/utils/internal_lints/interning_defined_symbol.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/utils/internal_lints/interning_defined_symbol.rs
index dced9fcf9ab..da8654d9388 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/utils/internal_lints/interning_defined_symbol.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/utils/internal_lints/interning_defined_symbol.rs
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for InterningDefinedSymbol {
                 for item in cx.tcx.module_children(def_id) {
                     if_chain! {
                         if let Res::Def(DefKind::Const, item_def_id) = item.res;
-                        let ty = cx.tcx.type_of(item_def_id).subst_identity();
+                        let ty = cx.tcx.type_of(item_def_id).instantiate_identity();
                         if match_type(cx, ty, &paths::SYMBOL);
                         if let Ok(ConstValue::Scalar(value)) = cx.tcx.const_eval_poly(item_def_id);
                         if let Ok(value) = value.to_u32();
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/utils/internal_lints/msrv_attr_impl.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/utils/internal_lints/msrv_attr_impl.rs
index 09f0f0d0adb..bf835f89cfc 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/utils/internal_lints/msrv_attr_impl.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/utils/internal_lints/msrv_attr_impl.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use rustc_errors::Applicability;
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir_analysis::hir_ty_to_ty;
 use rustc_lint::{LateContext, LateLintPass, LintContext};
-use rustc_middle::ty::{self, subst::GenericArgKind};
+use rustc_middle::ty::{self, GenericArgKind};
 use rustc_session::{declare_lint_pass, declare_tool_lint};
 
 declare_clippy_lint! {
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ impl LateLintPass<'_> for MsrvAttrImpl {
             if self_ty_def.all_fields().any(|f| {
                 cx.tcx
                     .type_of(f.did)
-                    .subst_identity()
+                    .instantiate_identity()
                     .walk()
                     .filter(|t| matches!(t.unpack(), GenericArgKind::Type(_)))
                     .any(|t| match_type(cx, t.expect_ty(), &paths::MSRV))
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/utils/internal_lints/unnecessary_def_path.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/utils/internal_lints/unnecessary_def_path.rs
index 00842376628..f66f33fee16 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/utils/internal_lints/unnecessary_def_path.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/utils/internal_lints/unnecessary_def_path.rs
@@ -229,11 +229,11 @@ fn path_to_matched_type(cx: &LateContext<'_>, expr: &hir::Expr<'_>) -> Option<Ve
             Res::Def(DefKind::Static(_), def_id) => read_mir_alloc_def_path(
                 cx,
                 cx.tcx.eval_static_initializer(def_id).ok()?.inner(),
-                cx.tcx.type_of(def_id).subst_identity(),
+                cx.tcx.type_of(def_id).instantiate_identity(),
             ),
             Res::Def(DefKind::Const, def_id) => match cx.tcx.const_eval_poly(def_id).ok()? {
                 ConstValue::ByRef { alloc, offset } if offset.bytes() == 0 => {
-                    read_mir_alloc_def_path(cx, alloc.inner(), cx.tcx.type_of(def_id).subst_identity())
+                    read_mir_alloc_def_path(cx, alloc.inner(), cx.tcx.type_of(def_id).instantiate_identity())
                 },
                 _ => None,
             },
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/vec.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/vec.rs
index 2a594e750b9..d1bf292d711 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/vec.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/vec.rs
@@ -230,8 +230,8 @@ fn size_of(cx: &LateContext<'_>, expr: &Expr<'_>) -> u64 {
 
 /// Returns the item type of the vector (i.e., the `T` in `Vec<T>`).
 fn vec_type(ty: Ty<'_>) -> Ty<'_> {
-    if let ty::Adt(_, substs) = ty.kind() {
-        substs.type_at(0)
+    if let ty::Adt(_, args) = ty.kind() {
+        args.type_at(0)
     } else {
         panic!("The type of `vec!` is a not a struct?");
     }
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/zero_sized_map_values.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/zero_sized_map_values.rs
index 93e4b023c5c..002304f8840 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/zero_sized_map_values.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/zero_sized_map_values.rs
@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@ impl LateLintPass<'_> for ZeroSizedMapValues {
             if !in_trait_impl(cx, hir_ty.hir_id);
             let ty = ty_from_hir_ty(cx, hir_ty);
             if is_type_diagnostic_item(cx, ty, sym::HashMap) || is_type_diagnostic_item(cx, ty, sym::BTreeMap);
-            if let Adt(_, substs) = ty.kind();
-            let ty = substs.type_at(1);
+            if let Adt(_, args) = ty.kind();
+            let ty = args.type_at(1);
             // Fixes https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/issues/7447 because of
             // https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/sty.rs#L968
             if !ty.has_escaping_bound_vars();
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/consts.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/consts.rs
index d1cfdc49658..4832a38eceb 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/consts.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/consts.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use rustc_lint::LateContext;
 use rustc_middle::mir;
 use rustc_middle::mir::interpret::Scalar;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, EarlyBinder, FloatTy, ScalarInt, Ty, TyCtxt};
-use rustc_middle::ty::{List, SubstsRef};
+use rustc_middle::ty::{List, GenericArgsRef};
 use rustc_middle::{bug, span_bug};
 use rustc_span::symbol::{Ident, Symbol};
 use rustc_span::SyntaxContext;
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ pub struct ConstEvalLateContext<'a, 'tcx> {
     typeck_results: &'a ty::TypeckResults<'tcx>,
     param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
     source: ConstantSource,
-    substs: SubstsRef<'tcx>,
+    args: GenericArgsRef<'tcx>,
 }
 
 impl<'a, 'tcx> ConstEvalLateContext<'a, 'tcx> {
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ConstEvalLateContext<'a, 'tcx> {
             typeck_results,
             param_env: lcx.param_env,
             source: ConstantSource::Local,
-            substs: List::empty(),
+            args: List::empty(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -473,16 +473,16 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ConstEvalLateContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                     return None;
                 }
 
-                let substs = self.typeck_results.node_substs(id);
-                let substs = if self.substs.is_empty() {
-                    substs
+                let args = self.typeck_results.node_args(id);
+                let args = if self.args.is_empty() {
+                    args
                 } else {
-                    EarlyBinder::bind(substs).subst(self.lcx.tcx, self.substs)
+                    EarlyBinder::bind(args).instantiate(self.lcx.tcx, self.args)
                 };
                 let result = self
                     .lcx
                     .tcx
-                    .const_eval_resolve(self.param_env, mir::UnevaluatedConst::new(def_id, substs), None)
+                    .const_eval_resolve(self.param_env, mir::UnevaluatedConst::new(def_id, args), None)
                     .ok()
                     .map(|val| rustc_middle::mir::ConstantKind::from_value(val, ty))?;
                 let result = miri_to_const(self.lcx, result)?;
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/eager_or_lazy.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/eager_or_lazy.rs
index 4a845ca63b4..94b9006ed50 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/eager_or_lazy.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/eager_or_lazy.rs
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ fn fn_eagerness(cx: &LateContext<'_>, fn_id: DefId, name: Symbol, have_one_arg:
     let name = name.as_str();
 
     let ty = match cx.tcx.impl_of_method(fn_id) {
-        Some(id) => cx.tcx.type_of(id).subst_identity(),
+        Some(id) => cx.tcx.type_of(id).instantiate_identity(),
         None => return Lazy,
     };
 
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ fn fn_eagerness(cx: &LateContext<'_>, fn_id: DefId, name: Symbol, have_one_arg:
             .variants()
             .iter()
             .flat_map(|v| v.fields.iter())
-            .any(|x| matches!(cx.tcx.type_of(x.did).subst_identity().peel_refs().kind(), ty::Param(_)))
+            .any(|x| matches!(cx.tcx.type_of(x.did).instantiate_identity().peel_refs().kind(), ty::Param(_)))
             && all_predicates_of(cx.tcx, fn_id).all(|(pred, _)| match pred.kind().skip_binder() {
                 ty::ClauseKind::Trait(pred) => cx.tcx.trait_def(pred.trait_ref.def_id).is_marker,
                 _ => true,
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ fn fn_eagerness(cx: &LateContext<'_>, fn_id: DefId, name: Symbol, have_one_arg:
             && subs.types().all(|x| matches!(x.peel_refs().kind(), ty::Param(_)))
         {
             // Limit the function to either `(self) -> bool` or `(&self) -> bool`
-            match &**cx.tcx.fn_sig(fn_id).subst_identity().skip_binder().inputs_and_output {
+            match &**cx.tcx.fn_sig(fn_id).instantiate_identity().skip_binder().inputs_and_output {
                 [arg, res] if !arg.is_mutable_ptr() && arg.peel_refs() == ty && res.is_bool() => NoChange,
                 _ => Lazy,
             }
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/lib.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/lib.rs
index 727b59f1f43..5eed5ddf9e3 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/lib.rs
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ pub fn match_trait_method(cx: &LateContext<'_>, expr: &Expr<'_>, path: &[&str])
 /// Checks if a method is defined in an impl of a diagnostic item
 pub fn is_diag_item_method(cx: &LateContext<'_>, def_id: DefId, diag_item: Symbol) -> bool {
     if let Some(impl_did) = cx.tcx.impl_of_method(def_id) {
-        if let Some(adt) = cx.tcx.type_of(impl_did).subst_identity().ty_adt_def() {
+        if let Some(adt) = cx.tcx.type_of(impl_did).instantiate_identity().ty_adt_def() {
             return cx.tcx.is_diagnostic_item(diag_item, adt.did());
         }
     }
@@ -812,7 +812,7 @@ fn is_default_equivalent_ctor(cx: &LateContext<'_>, def_id: DefId, path: &QPath<
     if let QPath::TypeRelative(_, method) = path {
         if method.ident.name == sym::new {
             if let Some(impl_did) = cx.tcx.impl_of_method(def_id) {
-                if let Some(adt) = cx.tcx.type_of(impl_did).subst_identity().ty_adt_def() {
+                if let Some(adt) = cx.tcx.type_of(impl_did).instantiate_identity().ty_adt_def() {
                     return std_types_symbols.iter().any(|&symbol| {
                         cx.tcx.is_diagnostic_item(symbol, adt.did()) || Some(adt.did()) == cx.tcx.lang_items().string()
                     });
@@ -1377,7 +1377,7 @@ pub fn get_enclosing_loop_or_multi_call_closure<'tcx>(
                                     .chain(args.iter())
                                     .position(|arg| arg.hir_id == id)?;
                                 let id = cx.typeck_results().type_dependent_def_id(e.hir_id)?;
-                                let ty = cx.tcx.fn_sig(id).subst_identity().skip_binder().inputs()[i];
+                                let ty = cx.tcx.fn_sig(id).instantiate_identity().skip_binder().inputs()[i];
                                 ty_is_fn_once_param(cx.tcx, ty, cx.tcx.param_env(id).caller_bounds()).then_some(())
                             },
                             _ => None,
@@ -1639,13 +1639,13 @@ pub fn is_direct_expn_of(span: Span, name: &str) -> Option<Span> {
 
 /// Convenience function to get the return type of a function.
 pub fn return_ty<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, fn_def_id: hir::OwnerId) -> Ty<'tcx> {
-    let ret_ty = cx.tcx.fn_sig(fn_def_id).subst_identity().output();
+    let ret_ty = cx.tcx.fn_sig(fn_def_id).instantiate_identity().output();
     cx.tcx.erase_late_bound_regions(ret_ty)
 }
 
 /// Convenience function to get the nth argument type of a function.
 pub fn nth_arg<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, fn_def_id: hir::OwnerId, nth: usize) -> Ty<'tcx> {
-    let arg = cx.tcx.fn_sig(fn_def_id).subst_identity().input(nth);
+    let arg = cx.tcx.fn_sig(fn_def_id).instantiate_identity().input(nth);
     cx.tcx.erase_late_bound_regions(arg)
 }
 
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/qualify_min_const_fn.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/qualify_min_const_fn.rs
index fbf4ab2722e..515f80e0edf 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/qualify_min_const_fn.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/qualify_min_const_fn.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ use rustc_middle::mir::{
     Terminator, TerminatorKind,
 };
 use rustc_middle::traits::{ImplSource, ObligationCause};
-use rustc_middle::ty::subst::GenericArgKind;
+use rustc_middle::ty::GenericArgKind;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, adjustment::PointerCoercion, Ty, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{BoundConstness, TraitRef};
 use rustc_semver::RustcVersion;
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ pub fn is_min_const_fn<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, body: &Body<'tcx>, msrv: &Msrv)
     // impl trait is gone in MIR, so check the return type manually
     check_ty(
         tcx,
-        tcx.fn_sig(def_id).subst_identity().output().skip_binder(),
+        tcx.fn_sig(def_id).instantiate_identity().output().skip_binder(),
         body.local_decls.iter().next().unwrap().source_info.span,
     )?;
 
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/sugg.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/sugg.rs
index cf781e18cd6..3953a7d8fa7 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/sugg.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/sugg.rs
@@ -877,7 +877,7 @@ impl<'tcx> DerefDelegate<'_, 'tcx> {
                     .cx
                     .typeck_results()
                     .type_dependent_def_id(parent_expr.hir_id)
-                    .map(|did| self.cx.tcx.fn_sig(did).subst_identity().skip_binder())
+                    .map(|did| self.cx.tcx.fn_sig(did).instantiate_identity().skip_binder())
                 {
                     std::iter::once(receiver)
                         .chain(call_args.iter())
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/ty.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/ty.rs
index d650cbe0b13..7687d361923 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/ty.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/ty.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use rustc_lint::LateContext;
 use rustc_middle::mir::interpret::{ConstValue, Scalar};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{
     self, layout::ValidityRequirement, AdtDef, AliasTy, AssocKind, Binder, BoundRegion, FnSig, IntTy, List, ParamEnv,
-    Region, RegionKind, SubstsRef, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeSuperVisitable, TypeVisitable, TypeVisitableExt, TypeVisitor,
+    Region, RegionKind, GenericArgsRef, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeSuperVisitable, TypeVisitable, TypeVisitableExt, TypeVisitor,
     UintTy, VariantDef, VariantDiscr,
 };
 use rustc_middle::ty::{GenericArg, GenericArgKind};
@@ -90,14 +90,14 @@ pub fn contains_ty_adt_constructor_opaque<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'
                         return false;
                     }
 
-                    for (predicate, _span) in cx.tcx.explicit_item_bounds(def_id).subst_identity_iter_copied() {
+                    for (predicate, _span) in cx.tcx.explicit_item_bounds(def_id).instantiate_identity_iter_copied() {
                         match predicate.kind().skip_binder() {
                             // For `impl Trait<U>`, it will register a predicate of `T: Trait<U>`, so we go through
                             // and check substitutions to find `U`.
                             ty::ClauseKind::Trait(trait_predicate) => {
                                 if trait_predicate
                                     .trait_ref
-                                    .substs
+                                    .args
                                     .types()
                                     .skip(1) // Skip the implicit `Self` generic parameter
                                     .any(|ty| contains_ty_adt_constructor_opaque_inner(cx, ty, needle, seen))
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ pub fn implements_trait_with_env<'tcx>(
         kind: TypeVariableOriginKind::MiscVariable,
         span: DUMMY_SP,
     };
-    let ty_params = tcx.mk_substs_from_iter(
+    let ty_params = tcx.mk_args_from_iter(
         ty_params
             .into_iter()
             .map(|arg| arg.unwrap_or_else(|| infcx.next_ty_var(orig).into())),
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ pub fn is_must_use_ty<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> bool {
             // because we don't want to lint functions returning empty arrays
             is_must_use_ty(cx, *ty)
         },
-        ty::Tuple(substs) => substs.iter().any(|ty| is_must_use_ty(cx, ty)),
+        ty::Tuple(args) => args.iter().any(|ty| is_must_use_ty(cx, ty)),
         ty::Alias(ty::Opaque, ty::AliasTy { def_id, .. }) => {
             for (predicate, _) in cx.tcx.explicit_item_bounds(def_id).skip_binder() {
                 if let ty::ClauseKind::Trait(trait_predicate) = predicate.kind().skip_binder() {
@@ -314,11 +314,11 @@ fn is_normalizable_helper<'tcx>(
     let cause = rustc_middle::traits::ObligationCause::dummy();
     let result = if infcx.at(&cause, param_env).query_normalize(ty).is_ok() {
         match ty.kind() {
-            ty::Adt(def, substs) => def.variants().iter().all(|variant| {
+            ty::Adt(def, args) => def.variants().iter().all(|variant| {
                 variant
                     .fields
                     .iter()
-                    .all(|field| is_normalizable_helper(cx, param_env, field.ty(cx.tcx, substs), cache))
+                    .all(|field| is_normalizable_helper(cx, param_env, field.ty(cx.tcx, args), cache))
             }),
             _ => ty.walk().all(|generic_arg| match generic_arg.unpack() {
                 GenericArgKind::Type(inner_ty) if inner_ty != ty => {
@@ -517,14 +517,14 @@ pub fn walk_ptrs_ty_depth(ty: Ty<'_>) -> (Ty<'_>, usize) {
 /// otherwise returns `false`
 pub fn same_type_and_consts<'tcx>(a: Ty<'tcx>, b: Ty<'tcx>) -> bool {
     match (&a.kind(), &b.kind()) {
-        (&ty::Adt(did_a, substs_a), &ty::Adt(did_b, substs_b)) => {
+        (&ty::Adt(did_a, args_a), &ty::Adt(did_b, args_b)) => {
             if did_a != did_b {
                 return false;
             }
 
-            substs_a
+            args_a
                 .iter()
-                .zip(substs_b.iter())
+                .zip(args_b.iter())
                 .all(|(arg_a, arg_b)| match (arg_a.unpack(), arg_b.unpack()) {
                     (GenericArgKind::Const(inner_a), GenericArgKind::Const(inner_b)) => inner_a == inner_b,
                     (GenericArgKind::Type(type_a), GenericArgKind::Type(type_b)) => {
@@ -643,7 +643,7 @@ impl<'tcx> ExprFnSig<'tcx> {
 /// If the expression is function like, get the signature for it.
 pub fn expr_sig<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, expr: &Expr<'_>) -> Option<ExprFnSig<'tcx>> {
     if let Res::Def(DefKind::Fn | DefKind::Ctor(_, CtorKind::Fn) | DefKind::AssocFn, id) = path_res(cx, expr) {
-        Some(ExprFnSig::Sig(cx.tcx.fn_sig(id).subst_identity(), Some(id)))
+        Some(ExprFnSig::Sig(cx.tcx.fn_sig(id).instantiate_identity(), Some(id)))
     } else {
         ty_sig(cx, cx.typeck_results().expr_ty_adjusted(expr).peel_refs())
     }
@@ -661,11 +661,11 @@ pub fn ty_sig<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> Option<ExprFnSig<'t
                 .and_then(|id| cx.tcx.hir().fn_decl_by_hir_id(cx.tcx.hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(id)));
             Some(ExprFnSig::Closure(decl, subs.as_closure().sig()))
         },
-        ty::FnDef(id, subs) => Some(ExprFnSig::Sig(cx.tcx.fn_sig(id).subst(cx.tcx, subs), Some(id))),
-        ty::Alias(ty::Opaque, ty::AliasTy { def_id, substs, .. }) => sig_from_bounds(
+        ty::FnDef(id, subs) => Some(ExprFnSig::Sig(cx.tcx.fn_sig(id).instantiate(cx.tcx, subs), Some(id))),
+        ty::Alias(ty::Opaque, ty::AliasTy { def_id, args, .. }) => sig_from_bounds(
             cx,
             ty,
-            cx.tcx.item_bounds(def_id).subst_iter(cx.tcx, substs),
+            cx.tcx.item_bounds(def_id).arg_iter(cx.tcx, args),
             cx.tcx.opt_parent(def_id),
         ),
         ty::FnPtr(sig) => Some(ExprFnSig::Sig(sig, None)),
@@ -681,7 +681,7 @@ pub fn ty_sig<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> Option<ExprFnSig<'t
                         .projection_bounds()
                         .find(|p| lang_items.fn_once_output().map_or(false, |id| id == p.item_def_id()))
                         .map(|p| p.map_bound(|p| p.term.ty().unwrap()));
-                    Some(ExprFnSig::Trait(bound.map_bound(|b| b.substs.type_at(0)), output, None))
+                    Some(ExprFnSig::Trait(bound.map_bound(|b| b.args.type_at(0)), output, None))
                 },
                 _ => None,
             }
@@ -713,7 +713,7 @@ fn sig_from_bounds<'tcx>(
                     || lang_items.fn_once_trait() == Some(p.def_id()))
                     && p.self_ty() == ty =>
             {
-                let i = pred.kind().rebind(p.trait_ref.substs.type_at(1));
+                let i = pred.kind().rebind(p.trait_ref.args.type_at(1));
                 if inputs.map_or(false, |inputs| i != inputs) {
                     // Multiple different fn trait impls. Is this even allowed?
                     return None;
@@ -744,7 +744,7 @@ fn sig_for_projection<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, ty: AliasTy<'tcx>) -> Option
     for (pred, _) in cx
         .tcx
         .explicit_item_bounds(ty.def_id)
-        .subst_iter_copied(cx.tcx, ty.substs)
+        .arg_iter_copied(cx.tcx, ty.args)
     {
         match pred.kind().skip_binder() {
             ty::ClauseKind::Trait(p)
@@ -752,7 +752,7 @@ fn sig_for_projection<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, ty: AliasTy<'tcx>) -> Option
                     || lang_items.fn_mut_trait() == Some(p.def_id())
                     || lang_items.fn_once_trait() == Some(p.def_id())) =>
             {
-                let i = pred.kind().rebind(p.trait_ref.substs.type_at(1));
+                let i = pred.kind().rebind(p.trait_ref.args.type_at(1));
 
                 if inputs.map_or(false, |inputs| inputs != i) {
                     // Multiple different fn trait impls. Is this even allowed?
@@ -793,7 +793,7 @@ impl core::ops::Add<u32> for EnumValue {
 #[expect(clippy::cast_possible_truncation, clippy::cast_possible_wrap)]
 pub fn read_explicit_enum_value(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, id: DefId) -> Option<EnumValue> {
     if let Ok(ConstValue::Scalar(Scalar::Int(value))) = tcx.const_eval_poly(id) {
-        match tcx.type_of(id).subst_identity().kind() {
+        match tcx.type_of(id).instantiate_identity().kind() {
             ty::Int(_) => Some(EnumValue::Signed(match value.size().bytes() {
                 1 => i128::from(value.assert_bits(Size::from_bytes(1)) as u8 as i8),
                 2 => i128::from(value.assert_bits(Size::from_bytes(2)) as u16 as i16),
@@ -927,7 +927,7 @@ pub fn adt_and_variant_of_res<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, res: Res) -> Option<
             Some((adt, adt.variant_with_id(var_id)))
         },
         Res::SelfCtor(id) => {
-            let adt = cx.tcx.type_of(id).subst_identity().ty_adt_def().unwrap();
+            let adt = cx.tcx.type_of(id).instantiate_identity().ty_adt_def().unwrap();
             Some((adt, adt.non_enum_variant()))
         },
         _ => None,
@@ -1025,13 +1025,13 @@ pub fn make_projection<'tcx>(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
     container_id: DefId,
     assoc_ty: Symbol,
-    substs: impl IntoIterator<Item = impl Into<GenericArg<'tcx>>>,
+    args: impl IntoIterator<Item = impl Into<GenericArg<'tcx>>>,
 ) -> Option<AliasTy<'tcx>> {
     fn helper<'tcx>(
         tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
         container_id: DefId,
         assoc_ty: Symbol,
-        substs: SubstsRef<'tcx>,
+        args: GenericArgsRef<'tcx>,
     ) -> Option<AliasTy<'tcx>> {
         let Some(assoc_item) = tcx
             .associated_items(container_id)
@@ -1052,18 +1052,18 @@ pub fn make_projection<'tcx>(
                 .map(|x| &x.kind);
 
             debug_assert!(
-                generic_count == substs.len(),
-                "wrong number of substs for `{:?}`: found `{}` expected `{generic_count}`.\n\
+                generic_count == args.len(),
+                "wrong number of args for `{:?}`: found `{}` expected `{generic_count}`.\n\
                     note: the expected parameters are: {:#?}\n\
-                    the given arguments are: `{substs:#?}`",
+                    the given arguments are: `{args:#?}`",
                 assoc_item.def_id,
-                substs.len(),
+                args.len(),
                 params.map(ty::GenericParamDefKind::descr).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
             );
 
             if let Some((idx, (param, arg))) = params
                 .clone()
-                .zip(substs.iter().map(GenericArg::unpack))
+                .zip(args.iter().map(GenericArg::unpack))
                 .enumerate()
                 .find(|(_, (param, arg))| {
                     !matches!(
@@ -1078,20 +1078,20 @@ pub fn make_projection<'tcx>(
                     false,
                     "mismatched subst type at index {idx}: expected a {}, found `{arg:?}`\n\
                         note: the expected parameters are {:#?}\n\
-                        the given arguments are {substs:#?}",
+                        the given arguments are {args:#?}",
                     param.descr(),
                     params.map(ty::GenericParamDefKind::descr).collect::<Vec<_>>()
                 );
             }
         }
 
-        Some(tcx.mk_alias_ty(assoc_item.def_id, substs))
+        Some(tcx.mk_alias_ty(assoc_item.def_id, args))
     }
     helper(
         tcx,
         container_id,
         assoc_ty,
-        tcx.mk_substs_from_iter(substs.into_iter().map(Into::into)),
+        tcx.mk_args_from_iter(args.into_iter().map(Into::into)),
     )
 }
 
@@ -1106,25 +1106,25 @@ pub fn make_normalized_projection<'tcx>(
     param_env: ParamEnv<'tcx>,
     container_id: DefId,
     assoc_ty: Symbol,
-    substs: impl IntoIterator<Item = impl Into<GenericArg<'tcx>>>,
+    args: impl IntoIterator<Item = impl Into<GenericArg<'tcx>>>,
 ) -> Option<Ty<'tcx>> {
     fn helper<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, param_env: ParamEnv<'tcx>, ty: AliasTy<'tcx>) -> Option<Ty<'tcx>> {
         #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
         if let Some((i, subst)) = ty
-            .substs
+            .args
             .iter()
             .enumerate()
             .find(|(_, subst)| subst.has_late_bound_regions())
         {
             debug_assert!(
                 false,
-                "substs contain late-bound region at index `{i}` which can't be normalized.\n\
+                "args contain late-bound region at index `{i}` which can't be normalized.\n\
                     use `TyCtxt::erase_late_bound_regions`\n\
                     note: subst is `{subst:#?}`",
             );
             return None;
         }
-        match tcx.try_normalize_erasing_regions(param_env, Ty::new_projection(tcx,ty.def_id, ty.substs)) {
+        match tcx.try_normalize_erasing_regions(param_env, Ty::new_projection(tcx,ty.def_id, ty.args)) {
             Ok(ty) => Some(ty),
             Err(e) => {
                 debug_assert!(false, "failed to normalize type `{ty}`: {e:#?}");
@@ -1132,7 +1132,7 @@ pub fn make_normalized_projection<'tcx>(
             },
         }
     }
-    helper(tcx, param_env, make_projection(tcx, container_id, assoc_ty, substs)?)
+    helper(tcx, param_env, make_projection(tcx, container_id, assoc_ty, args)?)
 }
 
 /// Check if given type has inner mutability such as [`std::cell::Cell`] or [`std::cell::RefCell`]
@@ -1147,7 +1147,7 @@ pub fn is_interior_mut_ty<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> bool {
                 && is_interior_mut_ty(cx, inner_ty)
         },
         ty::Tuple(fields) => fields.iter().any(|ty| is_interior_mut_ty(cx, ty)),
-        ty::Adt(def, substs) => {
+        ty::Adt(def, args) => {
             // Special case for collections in `std` who's impl of `Hash` or `Ord` delegates to
             // that of their type parameters.  Note: we don't include `HashSet` and `HashMap`
             // because they have no impl for `Hash` or `Ord`.
@@ -1168,7 +1168,7 @@ pub fn is_interior_mut_ty<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> bool {
             let is_box = Some(def_id) == cx.tcx.lang_items().owned_box();
             if is_std_collection || is_box {
                 // The type is mutable if any of its type parameters are
-                substs.types().any(|ty| is_interior_mut_ty(cx, ty))
+                args.types().any(|ty| is_interior_mut_ty(cx, ty))
             } else {
                 !ty.has_escaping_bound_vars()
                     && cx.tcx.layout_of(cx.param_env.and(ty)).is_ok()
@@ -1184,19 +1184,19 @@ pub fn make_normalized_projection_with_regions<'tcx>(
     param_env: ParamEnv<'tcx>,
     container_id: DefId,
     assoc_ty: Symbol,
-    substs: impl IntoIterator<Item = impl Into<GenericArg<'tcx>>>,
+    args: impl IntoIterator<Item = impl Into<GenericArg<'tcx>>>,
 ) -> Option<Ty<'tcx>> {
     fn helper<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, param_env: ParamEnv<'tcx>, ty: AliasTy<'tcx>) -> Option<Ty<'tcx>> {
         #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
         if let Some((i, subst)) = ty
-            .substs
+            .args
             .iter()
             .enumerate()
             .find(|(_, subst)| subst.has_late_bound_regions())
         {
             debug_assert!(
                 false,
-                "substs contain late-bound region at index `{i}` which can't be normalized.\n\
+                "args contain late-bound region at index `{i}` which can't be normalized.\n\
                     use `TyCtxt::erase_late_bound_regions`\n\
                     note: subst is `{subst:#?}`",
             );
@@ -1207,7 +1207,7 @@ pub fn make_normalized_projection_with_regions<'tcx>(
             .infer_ctxt()
             .build()
             .at(&cause, param_env)
-            .query_normalize(Ty::new_projection(tcx,ty.def_id, ty.substs))
+            .query_normalize(Ty::new_projection(tcx,ty.def_id, ty.args))
         {
             Ok(ty) => Some(ty.value),
             Err(e) => {
@@ -1216,7 +1216,7 @@ pub fn make_normalized_projection_with_regions<'tcx>(
             },
         }
     }
-    helper(tcx, param_env, make_projection(tcx, container_id, assoc_ty, substs)?)
+    helper(tcx, param_env, make_projection(tcx, container_id, assoc_ty, args)?)
 }
 
 pub fn normalize_with_regions<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, param_env: ParamEnv<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/tests/ui/crashes/ice-6256.rs b/src/tools/clippy/tests/ui/crashes/ice-6256.rs
index 1d336b3cdc0..bb488c2dcb3 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/tests/ui/crashes/ice-6256.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/tests/ui/crashes/ice-6256.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // originally from rustc ./tests/ui/regions/issue-78262.rs
-// ICE: to get the signature of a closure, use substs.as_closure().sig() not fn_sig()
+// ICE: to get the signature of a closure, use args.as_closure().sig() not fn_sig()
 #![allow(clippy::upper_case_acronyms)]
 
 trait TT {}
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/tests/ui/eta.fixed b/src/tools/clippy/tests/ui/eta.fixed
index bf44bcb564e..db7bd99e0ae 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/tests/ui/eta.fixed
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/tests/ui/eta.fixed
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ impl dyn TestTrait + '_ {
 }
 
 // https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/issues/7746
-fn angle_brackets_and_substs() {
+fn angle_brackets_and_args() {
     let array_opt: Option<&[u8; 3]> = Some(&[4, 8, 7]);
     array_opt.map(<[u8; 3]>::as_slice);
 
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/tests/ui/eta.rs b/src/tools/clippy/tests/ui/eta.rs
index b2af4bf0953..52fc17686fd 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/tests/ui/eta.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/tests/ui/eta.rs
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ impl dyn TestTrait + '_ {
 }
 
 // https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/issues/7746
-fn angle_brackets_and_substs() {
+fn angle_brackets_and_args() {
     let array_opt: Option<&[u8; 3]> = Some(&[4, 8, 7]);
     array_opt.map(|a| a.as_slice());
 
diff --git a/src/tools/collect-license-metadata/src/path_tree.rs b/src/tools/collect-license-metadata/src/path_tree.rs
index 68b6cef6432..709d91897e6 100644
--- a/src/tools/collect-license-metadata/src/path_tree.rs
+++ b/src/tools/collect-license-metadata/src/path_tree.rs
@@ -155,7 +155,10 @@ impl Node<LicenseId> {
                         name: child_name,
                         children: child_children,
                         license: child_license,
-                    } = child else { continue };
+                    } = child
+                    else {
+                        continue;
+                    };
 
                     if child_license != license {
                         continue;
diff --git a/src/tools/compiletest/src/header.rs b/src/tools/compiletest/src/header.rs
index ad10c3e07ce..d67e9aaaa6e 100644
--- a/src/tools/compiletest/src/header.rs
+++ b/src/tools/compiletest/src/header.rs
@@ -541,16 +541,15 @@ impl TestProps {
     }
 
     fn update_pass_mode(&mut self, ln: &str, revision: Option<&str>, config: &Config) {
-        let check_no_run = |s| {
-            if config.mode != Mode::Ui && config.mode != Mode::Incremental {
-                panic!("`{}` header is only supported in UI and incremental tests", s);
-            }
-            if config.mode == Mode::Incremental
-                && !revision.map_or(false, |r| r.starts_with("cfail"))
-                && !self.revisions.iter().all(|r| r.starts_with("cfail"))
-            {
-                panic!("`{}` header is only supported in `cfail` incremental tests", s);
+        let check_no_run = |s| match (config.mode, s) {
+            (Mode::Ui, _) => (),
+            (Mode::Codegen, "build-pass") => (),
+            (Mode::Incremental, _) => {
+                if revision.is_some() && !self.revisions.iter().all(|r| r.starts_with("cfail")) {
+                    panic!("`{s}` header is only supported in `cfail` incremental tests")
+                }
             }
+            (mode, _) => panic!("`{s}` header is not supported in `{mode}` tests"),
         };
         let pass_mode = if config.parse_name_directive(ln, "check-pass") {
             check_no_run("check-pass");
@@ -559,9 +558,7 @@ impl TestProps {
             check_no_run("build-pass");
             Some(PassMode::Build)
         } else if config.parse_name_directive(ln, "run-pass") {
-            if config.mode != Mode::Ui {
-                panic!("`run-pass` header is only supported in UI tests")
-            }
+            check_no_run("run-pass");
             Some(PassMode::Run)
         } else {
             None
@@ -599,7 +596,10 @@ pub fn line_directive<'line>(
         if ln.starts_with('[') {
             // A comment like `//[foo]` is specific to revision `foo`
             let Some(close_brace) = ln.find(']') else {
-                panic!("malformed condition directive: expected `{}[foo]`, found `{}`", comment, ln);
+                panic!(
+                    "malformed condition directive: expected `{}[foo]`, found `{}`",
+                    comment, ln
+                );
             };
 
             let lncfg = &ln[1..close_brace];
diff --git a/src/tools/compiletest/src/runtest.rs b/src/tools/compiletest/src/runtest.rs
index ac19fe078f0..b91e1b09330 100644
--- a/src/tools/compiletest/src/runtest.rs
+++ b/src/tools/compiletest/src/runtest.rs
@@ -2752,6 +2752,10 @@ impl<'test> TestCx<'test> {
             self.fatal_proc_rec("compilation failed!", &proc_res);
         }
 
+        if let Some(PassMode::Build) = self.pass_mode() {
+            return;
+        }
+
         let output_path = self.output_base_name().with_extension("ll");
         let proc_res = self.verify_with_filecheck(&output_path);
         if !proc_res.status.success() {
diff --git a/src/tools/jsondocck/src/cache.rs b/src/tools/jsondocck/src/cache.rs
index f9e54232750..50697d46b8c 100644
--- a/src/tools/jsondocck/src/cache.rs
+++ b/src/tools/jsondocck/src/cache.rs
@@ -15,8 +15,10 @@ impl Cache {
     /// Create a new cache, used to read files only once and otherwise store their contents.
     pub fn new(config: &Config) -> Cache {
         let root = Path::new(&config.doc_dir);
-        let filename = Path::new(&config.template).file_stem().unwrap();
-        let file_path = root.join(&Path::with_extension(Path::new(filename), "json"));
+        // `filename` needs to replace `-` with `_` to be sure the JSON path will always be valid.
+        let filename =
+            Path::new(&config.template).file_stem().unwrap().to_str().unwrap().replace('-', "_");
+        let file_path = root.join(&Path::with_extension(Path::new(&filename), "json"));
         let content = fs::read_to_string(&file_path).expect("failed to read JSON file");
 
         Cache {
diff --git a/src/tools/jsondoclint/src/main.rs b/src/tools/jsondoclint/src/main.rs
index ee163ddfdd9..aaaba78cb46 100644
--- a/src/tools/jsondoclint/src/main.rs
+++ b/src/tools/jsondoclint/src/main.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 use std::io::{BufWriter, Write};
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 
 use anyhow::{bail, Result};
 use clap::Parser;
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ enum ErrorKind {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
 struct JsonOutput {
-    path: String,
+    path: PathBuf,
     errors: Vec<Error>,
 }
 
@@ -45,6 +46,12 @@ struct Cli {
 fn main() -> Result<()> {
     let Cli { path, verbose, json_output } = Cli::parse();
 
+    // We convert `-` into `_` for the file name to be sure the JSON path will always be correct.
+    let path = Path::new(&path);
+    let filename = path.file_name().unwrap().to_str().unwrap().replace('-', "_");
+    let parent = path.parent().unwrap();
+    let path = parent.join(&filename);
+
     let contents = fs::read_to_string(&path)?;
     let krate: Crate = serde_json::from_str(&contents)?;
     assert_eq!(krate.format_version, FORMAT_VERSION);
@@ -101,7 +108,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
                 ErrorKind::Custom(msg) => eprintln!("{}: {}", err.id.0, msg),
             }
         }
-        bail!("Errors validating json {path}");
+        bail!("Errors validating json {}", path.display());
     }
 
     Ok(())
diff --git a/src/tools/miri/src/eval.rs b/src/tools/miri/src/eval.rs
index aba7dd5a9fe..ed3d741db1c 100644
--- a/src/tools/miri/src/eval.rs
+++ b/src/tools/miri/src/eval.rs
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ pub fn create_ecx<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir>(
                 tcx,
                 ty::ParamEnv::reveal_all(),
                 start_id,
-                tcx.mk_substs(&[ty::subst::GenericArg::from(main_ret_ty)]),
+                tcx.mk_args(&[ty::GenericArg::from(main_ret_ty)]),
             )
             .unwrap()
             .unwrap();
diff --git a/src/tools/miri/src/machine.rs b/src/tools/miri/src/machine.rs
index f3ac8ebc9ca..a8f89d56f6d 100644
--- a/src/tools/miri/src/machine.rs
+++ b/src/tools/miri/src/machine.rs
@@ -972,7 +972,7 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx> Machine<'mir, 'tcx> for MiriMachine<'mir, 'tcx> {
                 panic!("extern_statics cannot contain wildcards")
             };
             let (shim_size, shim_align, _kind) = ecx.get_alloc_info(alloc_id);
-            let def_ty = ecx.tcx.type_of(def_id).subst_identity();
+            let def_ty = ecx.tcx.type_of(def_id).instantiate_identity();
             let extern_decl_layout = ecx.tcx.layout_of(ty::ParamEnv::empty().and(def_ty)).unwrap();
             if extern_decl_layout.size != shim_size || extern_decl_layout.align.abi != shim_align {
                 throw_unsup_format!(
diff --git a/src/tools/opt-dist/src/main.rs b/src/tools/opt-dist/src/main.rs
index 39fa7e1fb2a..5e82430416b 100644
--- a/src/tools/opt-dist/src/main.rs
+++ b/src/tools/opt-dist/src/main.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ use crate::tests::run_tests;
 use crate::timer::Timer;
 use crate::training::{gather_llvm_bolt_profiles, gather_llvm_profiles, gather_rustc_profiles};
 use crate::utils::io::reset_directory;
-use crate::utils::{clear_llvm_files, format_env_variables, print_free_disk_space};
+use crate::utils::{
+    clear_llvm_files, format_env_variables, print_binary_sizes, print_free_disk_space,
+};
 
 mod environment;
 mod exec;
@@ -170,6 +172,8 @@ fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     log::info!("Timer results\n{}", timer.format_stats());
 
     print_free_disk_space()?;
+    result.context("Optimized build pipeline has failed")?;
+    print_binary_sizes(env.as_ref())?;
 
-    result.context("Optimized build pipeline has failed")
+    Ok(())
 }
diff --git a/src/tools/opt-dist/src/utils/io.rs b/src/tools/opt-dist/src/utils/io.rs
index 43546e5fcfa..aab078067af 100644
--- a/src/tools/opt-dist/src/utils/io.rs
+++ b/src/tools/opt-dist/src/utils/io.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use anyhow::Context;
-use camino::Utf8Path;
+use camino::{Utf8Path, Utf8PathBuf};
 use fs_extra::dir::CopyOptions;
 use std::fs::File;
 
@@ -46,3 +46,17 @@ pub fn unpack_archive(path: &Utf8Path, dest_dir: &Utf8Path) -> anyhow::Result<()
     archive.unpack(dest_dir.as_std_path())?;
     Ok(())
 }
+
+/// Returns paths in the given `dir` (non-recursively), optionally with the given `suffix`.
+/// The `suffix` should contain the leading dot.
+pub fn get_files_from_dir(
+    dir: &Utf8Path,
+    suffix: Option<&str>,
+) -> anyhow::Result<Vec<Utf8PathBuf>> {
+    let path = format!("{dir}/*{}", suffix.unwrap_or(""));
+
+    Ok(glob::glob(&path)?
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|p| p.map(|p| Utf8PathBuf::from_path_buf(p).unwrap()))
+        .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?)
+}
diff --git a/src/tools/opt-dist/src/utils/mod.rs b/src/tools/opt-dist/src/utils/mod.rs
index 9305d4989aa..65e0e8cc4ef 100644
--- a/src/tools/opt-dist/src/utils/mod.rs
+++ b/src/tools/opt-dist/src/utils/mod.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 pub mod io;
 
 use crate::environment::Environment;
-use crate::utils::io::delete_directory;
-use humansize::BINARY;
+use crate::utils::io::{delete_directory, get_files_from_dir};
+use humansize::{format_size, BINARY};
 use sysinfo::{DiskExt, RefreshKind, System, SystemExt};
 
 pub fn format_env_variables() -> String {
@@ -25,6 +25,28 @@ pub fn print_free_disk_space() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
+pub fn print_binary_sizes(env: &dyn Environment) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    use std::fmt::Write;
+
+    let root = env.build_artifacts().join("stage2");
+
+    let mut files = get_files_from_dir(&root.join("bin"), None)?;
+    files.extend(get_files_from_dir(&root.join("lib"), Some(".so"))?);
+    files.sort_unstable();
+
+    let mut output = String::new();
+    for file in files {
+        let size = std::fs::metadata(file.as_std_path())?.len();
+        let size_formatted = format_size(size, BINARY);
+        let name = format!("{}:", file.file_name().unwrap());
+        writeln!(output, "{name:<50}{size_formatted:>10}")?;
+    }
+
+    log::info!("Rustc artifact size\n{output}");
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 pub fn clear_llvm_files(env: &dyn Environment) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     // Bootstrap currently doesn't support rebuilding LLVM when PGO options
     // change (or any other llvm-related options); so just clear out the relevant
diff --git a/src/tools/tidy/src/deps.rs b/src/tools/tidy/src/deps.rs
index 2c237c418b1..9f0f0d86c8b 100644
--- a/src/tools/tidy/src/deps.rs
+++ b/src/tools/tidy/src/deps.rs
@@ -56,6 +56,9 @@ const EXCEPTIONS_CARGO: &[(&str, &str)] = &[
     // tidy-alphabetical-start
     ("bitmaps", "MPL-2.0+"),
     ("bytesize", "Apache-2.0"),
+    ("ciborium", "Apache-2.0"),
+    ("ciborium-io", "Apache-2.0"),
+    ("ciborium-ll", "Apache-2.0"),
     ("dunce", "CC0-1.0 OR MIT-0 OR Apache-2.0"),
     ("fiat-crypto", "MIT OR Apache-2.0 OR BSD-1-Clause"),
     ("im-rc", "MPL-2.0+"),
diff --git a/src/tools/tidy/src/ui_tests.rs b/src/tools/tidy/src/ui_tests.rs
index 55bf38110a6..c3a63952841 100644
--- a/src/tools/tidy/src/ui_tests.rs
+++ b/src/tools/tidy/src/ui_tests.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 
 const ENTRY_LIMIT: usize = 900;
 // FIXME: The following limits should be reduced eventually.
-const ISSUES_ENTRY_LIMIT: usize = 1896;
+const ISSUES_ENTRY_LIMIT: usize = 1894;
 const ROOT_ENTRY_LIMIT: usize = 870;
 
 const EXPECTED_TEST_FILE_EXTENSIONS: &[&str] = &[