Auto merge of #145886 - GuillaumeGomez:rollup-9qv7jhv, r=GuillaumeGomez

Rollup of 11 pull requests

Successful merges:

 - rust-lang/rust#144373 (remove deprecated Error::description in impls)
 - rust-lang/rust#144551 (Add aarch64_be-unknown-linux-musl target)
 - rust-lang/rust#145076 (Add new Tier-3 target: riscv64a23-unknown-linux-gnu)
 - rust-lang/rust#145481 (Add parentheses for closure when suggesting calling closure)
 - rust-lang/rust#145596 (Losslessly optimize PNG files)
 - rust-lang/rust#145615 (Fix doc of `std::os::windows::io::BorrowedSocket::borrow_raw`)
 - rust-lang/rust#145841 (Always build miri for the host in `x run miri`)
 - rust-lang/rust#145861 (bootstrap: vendor `clippy_test_deps` too)
 - rust-lang/rust#145863 (formatting_options: Make all methods `const`)
 - rust-lang/rust#145867 (cg_llvm: Assert that LLVM range-attribute values don't exceed 128 bits)
 - rust-lang/rust#145875 (Make bootstrap command caching opt-in)

r? `@ghost`
`@rustbot` modify labels: rollup

26 files changed, 182 insertions, 34 deletions

diff --git a/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/compile.rs b/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/compile.rs
index f7a2dc14218..a4976139fe9 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/compile.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/compile.rs
@@ -2031,6 +2031,7 @@ impl Step for Assemble {
 
                 let host_llvm_bin_dir = command(&host_llvm_config)
                     .arg("--bindir")
+                    .cached()
                     .run_capture_stdout(builder)
                     .stdout()
                     .trim()
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/dist.rs b/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/dist.rs
index b01832708df..778c3beb50f 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/dist.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/dist.rs
@@ -2281,6 +2281,7 @@ fn maybe_install_llvm(
     {
         trace!("LLVM already built, installing LLVM files");
         let mut cmd = command(host_llvm_config);
+        cmd.cached();
         cmd.arg("--libfiles");
         builder.verbose(|| println!("running {cmd:?}"));
         let files = cmd.run_capture_stdout(builder).stdout();
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/llvm.rs b/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/llvm.rs
index 70259f0d1d7..d47c1495838 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/llvm.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/llvm.rs
@@ -486,8 +486,11 @@ impl Step for Llvm {
             let LlvmResult { host_llvm_config, .. } =
                 builder.ensure(Llvm { target: builder.config.host_target });
             if !builder.config.dry_run() {
-                let llvm_bindir =
-                    command(&host_llvm_config).arg("--bindir").run_capture_stdout(builder).stdout();
+                let llvm_bindir = command(&host_llvm_config)
+                    .arg("--bindir")
+                    .cached()
+                    .run_capture_stdout(builder)
+                    .stdout();
                 let host_bin = Path::new(llvm_bindir.trim());
                 cfg.define(
                     "LLVM_TABLEGEN",
@@ -593,7 +596,13 @@ impl Step for Llvm {
 }
 
 pub fn get_llvm_version(builder: &Builder<'_>, llvm_config: &Path) -> String {
-    command(llvm_config).arg("--version").run_capture_stdout(builder).stdout().trim().to_owned()
+    command(llvm_config)
+        .arg("--version")
+        .cached()
+        .run_capture_stdout(builder)
+        .stdout()
+        .trim()
+        .to_owned()
 }
 
 pub fn get_llvm_version_major(builder: &Builder<'_>, llvm_config: &Path) -> u8 {
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/run.rs b/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/run.rs
index c6288f63847..d9de6b7ef96 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/run.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/run.rs
@@ -5,13 +5,14 @@
 
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 
+use build_helper::exit;
 use clap_complete::{Generator, shells};
 
 use crate::core::build_steps::dist::distdir;
 use crate::core::build_steps::test;
 use crate::core::build_steps::tool::{self, RustcPrivateCompilers, SourceType, Tool};
 use crate::core::build_steps::vendor::{Vendor, default_paths_to_vendor};
-use crate::core::builder::{Builder, Kind, RunConfig, ShouldRun, Step};
+use crate::core::builder::{Builder, Kind, RunConfig, ShouldRun, Step, StepMetadata};
 use crate::core::config::TargetSelection;
 use crate::core::config::flags::get_completion;
 use crate::utils::exec::command;
@@ -100,8 +101,17 @@ impl Step for ReplaceVersionPlaceholder {
     }
 }
 
+/// Invoke the Miri tool on a specified file.
+///
+/// Note that Miri always executed on the host, as it is an interpreter.
+/// That means that `x run miri --target FOO` will build miri for the host,
+/// prepare a miri sysroot for the target `FOO` and then execute miri with
+/// the target `FOO`.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct Miri {
+    /// The build compiler that will build miri and the target compiler to which miri links.
+    compilers: RustcPrivateCompilers,
+    /// The target which will miri interpret.
     target: TargetSelection,
 }
 
@@ -113,14 +123,9 @@ impl Step for Miri {
     }
 
     fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
-        run.builder.ensure(Miri { target: run.target });
-    }
-
-    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
-        let host = builder.build.host_target;
-        let target = self.target;
+        let builder = run.builder;
 
-        // `x run` uses stage 0 by default but miri does not work well with stage 0.
+        // `x run` uses stage 0 by default, but miri does not work well with stage 0.
         // Change the stage to 1 if it's not set explicitly.
         let stage = if builder.config.is_explicit_stage() || builder.top_stage >= 1 {
             builder.top_stage
@@ -129,14 +134,22 @@ impl Step for Miri {
         };
 
         if stage == 0 {
-            eprintln!("miri cannot be run at stage 0");
-            std::process::exit(1);
+            eprintln!("ERROR: miri cannot be run at stage 0");
+            exit!(1);
         }
 
-        // This compiler runs on the host, we'll just use it for the target.
-        let compilers = RustcPrivateCompilers::new(builder, stage, target);
-        let miri_build = builder.ensure(tool::Miri::from_compilers(compilers));
-        let host_compiler = miri_build.build_compiler;
+        // Miri always runs on the host, because it can interpret code for any target
+        let compilers = RustcPrivateCompilers::new(builder, stage, builder.host_target);
+
+        run.builder.ensure(Miri { compilers, target: run.target });
+    }
+
+    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
+        let host = builder.build.host_target;
+        let compilers = self.compilers;
+        let target = self.target;
+
+        builder.ensure(tool::Miri::from_compilers(compilers));
 
         // Get a target sysroot for Miri.
         let miri_sysroot =
@@ -147,7 +160,7 @@ impl Step for Miri {
         // add_rustc_lib_path does not add the path that contains librustc_driver-<...>.so.
         let mut miri = tool::prepare_tool_cargo(
             builder,
-            host_compiler,
+            compilers.build_compiler(),
             Mode::ToolRustc,
             host,
             Kind::Run,
@@ -167,6 +180,10 @@ impl Step for Miri {
 
         miri.into_cmd().run(builder);
     }
+
+    fn metadata(&self) -> Option<StepMetadata> {
+        Some(StepMetadata::run("miri", self.target).built_by(self.compilers.build_compiler()))
+    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/test.rs b/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/test.rs
index b52707032ba..a6156cad6fc 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/test.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/test.rs
@@ -2043,6 +2043,7 @@ HELP: You can add it into `bootstrap.toml` in `rust.codegen-backends = [{name:?}
             if !builder.config.dry_run() {
                 let llvm_version = get_llvm_version(builder, &host_llvm_config);
                 let llvm_components = command(&host_llvm_config)
+                    .cached()
                     .arg("--components")
                     .run_capture_stdout(builder)
                     .stdout();
@@ -2062,8 +2063,11 @@ HELP: You can add it into `bootstrap.toml` in `rust.codegen-backends = [{name:?}
             // separate compilations. We can add LLVM's library path to the
             // rustc args as a workaround.
             if !builder.config.dry_run() && suite.ends_with("fulldeps") {
-                let llvm_libdir =
-                    command(&host_llvm_config).arg("--libdir").run_capture_stdout(builder).stdout();
+                let llvm_libdir = command(&host_llvm_config)
+                    .cached()
+                    .arg("--libdir")
+                    .run_capture_stdout(builder)
+                    .stdout();
                 let link_llvm = if target.is_msvc() {
                     format!("-Clink-arg=-LIBPATH:{llvm_libdir}")
                 } else {
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/tool.rs b/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/tool.rs
index c10b8253646..b62c9a906b7 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/tool.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/tool.rs
@@ -1581,10 +1581,6 @@ impl Builder<'_> {
     /// `host`.
     pub fn tool_cmd(&self, tool: Tool) -> BootstrapCommand {
         let mut cmd = command(self.tool_exe(tool));
-
-        // Do not cache tool invocations, as they can have side effects
-        cmd.do_not_cache();
-
         let compiler = self.compiler(0, self.config.host_target);
         let host = &compiler.host;
         // Prepares the `cmd` provided to be able to run the `compiler` provided.
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/vendor.rs b/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/vendor.rs
index 7b860ceb943..0e9d4e7e32b 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/vendor.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/vendor.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ pub const VENDOR_DIR: &str = "vendor";
 pub fn default_paths_to_vendor(builder: &Builder<'_>) -> Vec<(PathBuf, Vec<&'static str>)> {
     [
         ("src/tools/cargo/Cargo.toml", vec!["src/tools/cargo"]),
+        ("src/tools/clippy/clippy_test_deps/Cargo.toml", vec![]),
         ("src/tools/rust-analyzer/Cargo.toml", vec![]),
         ("compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/Cargo.toml", vec![]),
         ("compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/Cargo.toml", vec![]),
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/src/core/builder/cargo.rs b/src/bootstrap/src/core/builder/cargo.rs
index 72192403412..9c417952a5f 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/src/core/builder/cargo.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/src/core/builder/cargo.rs
@@ -132,10 +132,7 @@ impl Cargo {
     }
 
     pub fn into_cmd(self) -> BootstrapCommand {
-        let mut cmd: BootstrapCommand = self.into();
-        // Disable caching for commands originating from Cargo-related operations.
-        cmd.do_not_cache();
-        cmd
+        self.into()
     }
 
     /// Same as [`Cargo::new`] except this one doesn't configure the linker with
@@ -1085,7 +1082,7 @@ impl Builder<'_> {
             && let Some(llvm_config) = self.llvm_config(target)
         {
             let llvm_libdir =
-                command(llvm_config).arg("--libdir").run_capture_stdout(self).stdout();
+                command(llvm_config).cached().arg("--libdir").run_capture_stdout(self).stdout();
             if target.is_msvc() {
                 rustflags.arg(&format!("-Clink-arg=-LIBPATH:{llvm_libdir}"));
             } else {
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/src/core/builder/mod.rs b/src/bootstrap/src/core/builder/mod.rs
index 76cade25a03..27e416359a9 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/src/core/builder/mod.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/src/core/builder/mod.rs
@@ -181,6 +181,10 @@ impl StepMetadata {
         Self::new(name, target, Kind::Test)
     }
 
+    pub fn run(name: &str, target: TargetSelection) -> Self {
+        Self::new(name, target, Kind::Run)
+    }
+
     fn new(name: &str, target: TargetSelection, kind: Kind) -> Self {
         Self { name: name.to_string(), kind, target, built_by: None, stage: None, metadata: None }
     }
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/src/core/builder/tests.rs b/src/bootstrap/src/core/builder/tests.rs
index 4d47562c7ce..f7067d11450 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/src/core/builder/tests.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/src/core/builder/tests.rs
@@ -2427,6 +2427,24 @@ mod snapshot {
         [dist] src <>
         ");
     }
+
+    // Check that `x run miri --target FOO` actually builds miri for the host.
+    #[test]
+    fn run_miri() {
+        let ctx = TestCtx::new();
+        insta::assert_snapshot!(
+            ctx.config("run")
+                .path("miri")
+                .stage(1)
+                .targets(&[TEST_TRIPLE_1])
+                .render_steps(), @r"
+        [build] llvm <host>
+        [build] rustc 0 <host> -> rustc 1 <host>
+        [build] rustc 0 <host> -> miri 1 <host>
+        [build] rustc 0 <host> -> cargo-miri 1 <host>
+        [run] rustc 0 <host> -> miri 1 <target1>
+        ");
+    }
 }
 
 struct ExecutedSteps {
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/src/core/config/config.rs b/src/bootstrap/src/core/config/config.rs
index e5c2e3c64b8..3e9c8ccb4fa 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/src/core/config/config.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/src/core/config/config.rs
@@ -960,8 +960,8 @@ impl Config {
             Subcommand::Dist => flags_stage.or(build_dist_stage).unwrap_or(2),
             Subcommand::Install => flags_stage.or(build_install_stage).unwrap_or(2),
             Subcommand::Perf { .. } => flags_stage.unwrap_or(1),
-            // These are all bootstrap tools, which don't depend on the compiler.
-            // The stage we pass shouldn't matter, but use 0 just in case.
+            // Most of the run commands execute bootstrap tools, which don't depend on the compiler.
+            // Other commands listed here should always use bootstrap tools.
             Subcommand::Clean { .. }
             | Subcommand::Run { .. }
             | Subcommand::Setup { .. }
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/src/core/sanity.rs b/src/bootstrap/src/core/sanity.rs
index 4916ebbd610..099ec488397 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/src/core/sanity.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/src/core/sanity.rs
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ pub struct Finder {
 // Targets can be removed from this list once they are present in the stage0 compiler (usually by updating the beta compiler of the bootstrap).
 const STAGE0_MISSING_TARGETS: &[&str] = &[
     "armv7a-vex-v5",
+    "riscv64a23-unknown-linux-gnu",
     // just a dummy comment so the list doesn't get onelined
     "aarch64_be-unknown-hermit",
     "aarch64_be-unknown-none-softfloat",
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/src/utils/exec.rs b/src/bootstrap/src/utils/exec.rs
index 9a536f75ab7..e09f3086b77 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/src/utils/exec.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/src/utils/exec.rs
@@ -264,8 +264,11 @@ impl<'a> BootstrapCommand {
         self
     }
 
-    pub fn do_not_cache(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
-        self.should_cache = false;
+    /// Cache the command. If it will be executed multiple times with the exact same arguments
+    /// and environment variables in the same bootstrap invocation, the previous result will be
+    /// loaded from memory.
+    pub fn cached(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
+        self.should_cache = true;
         self
     }
 
@@ -425,7 +428,7 @@ impl From<Command> for BootstrapCommand {
     fn from(command: Command) -> Self {
         let program = command.get_program().to_owned();
         Self {
-            should_cache: true,
+            should_cache: false,
             command,
             failure_behavior: BehaviorOnFailure::Exit,
             run_in_dry_run: false,
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/src/utils/helpers.rs b/src/bootstrap/src/utils/helpers.rs
index 451482717b6..e802c0214dd 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/src/utils/helpers.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/src/utils/helpers.rs
@@ -510,6 +510,8 @@ pub fn check_cfg_arg(name: &str, values: Option<&[&str]>) -> String {
 #[track_caller]
 pub fn git(source_dir: Option<&Path>) -> BootstrapCommand {
     let mut git = command("git");
+    // git commands are almost always read-only, so cache them by default
+    git.cached();
 
     if let Some(source_dir) = source_dir {
         git.current_dir(source_dir);
diff --git a/src/doc/rustc/src/SUMMARY.md b/src/doc/rustc/src/SUMMARY.md
index b53494ed98d..e0d637a2a67 100644
--- a/src/doc/rustc/src/SUMMARY.md
+++ b/src/doc/rustc/src/SUMMARY.md
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@
     - [aarch64-nintendo-switch-freestanding](platform-support/aarch64-nintendo-switch-freestanding.md)
     - [aarch64-unknown-linux-musl](platform-support/aarch64-unknown-linux-musl.md)
     - [aarch64_be-unknown-none-softfloat](platform-support/aarch64_be-unknown-none-softfloat.md)
+    - [aarch64_be-unknown-linux-musl](platform-support/aarch64_be-unknown-linux-musl.md)
     - [amdgcn-amd-amdhsa](platform-support/amdgcn-amd-amdhsa.md)
     - [armeb-unknown-linux-gnueabi](platform-support/armeb-unknown-linux-gnueabi.md)
     - [arm-none-eabi](platform-support/arm-none-eabi.md)
@@ -106,6 +107,7 @@
     - [riscv32imac-unknown-xous-elf](platform-support/riscv32imac-unknown-xous-elf.md)
     - [riscv64gc-unknown-linux-gnu](platform-support/riscv64gc-unknown-linux-gnu.md)
     - [riscv64gc-unknown-linux-musl](platform-support/riscv64gc-unknown-linux-musl.md)
+    - [riscv64a23-unknown-linux-gnu](platform-support/riscv64a23-unknown-linux-gnu.md)
     - [s390x-unknown-linux-gnu](platform-support/s390x-unknown-linux-gnu.md)
     - [s390x-unknown-linux-musl](platform-support/s390x-unknown-linux-musl.md)
     - [sparc-unknown-none-elf](./platform-support/sparc-unknown-none-elf.md)
diff --git a/src/doc/rustc/src/images/image1.png b/src/doc/rustc/src/images/image1.png
index 0da45e56620..3aad6359389 100644
--- a/src/doc/rustc/src/images/image1.png
+++ b/src/doc/rustc/src/images/image1.png
Binary files differdiff --git a/src/doc/rustc/src/images/image2.png b/src/doc/rustc/src/images/image2.png
index a9cf23f8737..085b1c490b8 100644
--- a/src/doc/rustc/src/images/image2.png
+++ b/src/doc/rustc/src/images/image2.png
Binary files differdiff --git a/src/doc/rustc/src/images/image3.png b/src/doc/rustc/src/images/image3.png
index 844a2fe6747..ee332f51055 100644
--- a/src/doc/rustc/src/images/image3.png
+++ b/src/doc/rustc/src/images/image3.png
Binary files differdiff --git a/src/doc/rustc/src/images/llvm-cov-show-01.png b/src/doc/rustc/src/images/llvm-cov-show-01.png
index 35f04594347..ce4dec128b6 100644
--- a/src/doc/rustc/src/images/llvm-cov-show-01.png
+++ b/src/doc/rustc/src/images/llvm-cov-show-01.png
Binary files differdiff --git a/src/doc/rustc/src/platform-support.md b/src/doc/rustc/src/platform-support.md
index 3bf87994297..22d32a29b36 100644
--- a/src/doc/rustc/src/platform-support.md
+++ b/src/doc/rustc/src/platform-support.md
@@ -273,6 +273,7 @@ target | std | host | notes
 [`aarch64_be-unknown-hermit`](platform-support/hermit.md) | ✓ |  | ARM64 Hermit (big-endian)
 `aarch64_be-unknown-linux-gnu` | ✓ | ✓ | ARM64 Linux (big-endian)
 `aarch64_be-unknown-linux-gnu_ilp32` | ✓ | ✓ | ARM64 Linux (big-endian, ILP32 ABI)
+[`aarch64_be-unknown-linux-musl`](platform-support/aarch64_be-unknown-linux-musl.md) | ✓ | ✓ | ARM64 Linux (big-endian) with musl-libc 1.2.5
 [`aarch64_be-unknown-netbsd`](platform-support/netbsd.md) | ✓ | ✓ | ARM64 NetBSD (big-endian)
 [`aarch64_be-unknown-none-softfloat`](platform-support/aarch64_be-unknown-none-softfloat.md) | * |  | Bare big-endian ARM64, softfloat
 [`amdgcn-amd-amdhsa`](platform-support/amdgcn-amd-amdhsa.md) | * |  | `-Ctarget-cpu=gfx...` to specify [the AMD GPU] to compile for
@@ -391,6 +392,7 @@ target | std | host | notes
 [`riscv64gc-unknown-nuttx-elf`](platform-support/nuttx.md) | ✓ |  | RISC-V 64bit with NuttX
 [`riscv64gc-unknown-openbsd`](platform-support/openbsd.md) | ✓ | ✓ | OpenBSD/riscv64
 [`riscv64imac-unknown-nuttx-elf`](platform-support/nuttx.md) | ✓ |  | RISC-V 64bit with NuttX
+[`riscv64a23-unknown-linux-gnu`](platform-support/riscv64a23-unknown-linux-gnu.md) | ✓ | ✓ | RISC-V Linux (kernel 6.8.0+, glibc 2.39)
 [`s390x-unknown-linux-musl`](platform-support/s390x-unknown-linux-musl.md) | ✓ |  | S390x Linux (kernel 3.2, musl 1.2.3)
 `sparc-unknown-linux-gnu` | ✓ |  | 32-bit SPARC Linux
 [`sparc-unknown-none-elf`](./platform-support/sparc-unknown-none-elf.md) | * |  | Bare 32-bit SPARC V7+
diff --git a/src/doc/rustc/src/platform-support/aarch64_be-unknown-linux-musl.md b/src/doc/rustc/src/platform-support/aarch64_be-unknown-linux-musl.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3e816dc8bfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/doc/rustc/src/platform-support/aarch64_be-unknown-linux-musl.md
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# aarch64_be-unknown-linux-musl
+
+**Tier: 3**
+
+ARM64 Linux (big-endian) with musl-libc.
+
+## Target maintainers
+
+[@neuschaefer](https://github.com/neuschaefer)
+[@Gelbpunkt](https://github.com/Gelbpunkt)
+
+## Requirements
+
+The target requires a `aarch64_be-*-linux-musl` toolchain, which likely has to
+be built from source because this is a rare combination.  [Buildroot] provides
+a way of doing so:
+
+- select _Target options_ → _Target Architecture_ → _AArch64 (big endian)_
+- select _Toolchain_ → _C library_ → _musl_
+- select _Toolchain_ → _Enable C++ support_
+
+Host tools are supported.
+
+[Buildroot]: https://buildroot.org/
+
+
+## Building the target
+
+The target can be enabled in bootstrap.toml:
+
+```toml
+[build]
+target = ["aarch64_be-unknown-linux-musl"]
+
+[target.aarch64_be-unknown-linux-musl]
+cc          = "/path/to/buildroot/host/bin/aarch64_be-buildroot-linux-musl-cc"
+cxx         = "/path/to/buildroot/host/bin/aarch64_be-buildroot-linux-musl-c++"
+linker      = "/path/to/buildroot/host/bin/aarch64_be-buildroot-linux-musl-cc"
+ar          = "/path/to/buildroot/host/bin/aarch64_be-buildroot-linux-musl-ar"
+ranlib      = "/path/to/buildroot/host/bin/aarch64_be-buildroot-linux-musl-ranlib"
+musl-root   = "/path/to/buildroot/staging"
+runner      = "qemu-aarch64_be -L /path/to/buildroot/target"
+crt-static  = "/path/to/buildroot/target"
+```
+
+
+## Testing
+
+Binaries can be run under `qemu-aarch64_be` or under a big-endian Linux kernel.
diff --git a/src/doc/rustc/src/platform-support/riscv64a23-unknown-linux-gnu.md b/src/doc/rustc/src/platform-support/riscv64a23-unknown-linux-gnu.md
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index 00000000000..2cbaaa86654
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/doc/rustc/src/platform-support/riscv64a23-unknown-linux-gnu.md
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# `riscv64a23-unknown-linux-gnu`
+
+**Tier: 3**
+
+RISC-V target using the ratified [RVA23 Profile](https://github.com/riscv/riscv-profiles/blob/main/src/rva23-profile.adoc).
+This target will enable all mandary features of rva23u64 by default.
+
+## Target maintainers
+
+[@ZhongyaoChen](https://github.com/ZhongyaoChen)
+[@CaiWeiran](https://github.com/CaiWeiran)
+
+## Requirements
+
+This target can be sucessfully build on the following platform: ubuntu 24.04 (Linux Kernel version 6.8.0, glibc 2.39).
+
+Other platforms may work, but are not tested. Please contanct if you encounter any issues.
+
+## Building the target
+
+Tier-3 target is not distributed through `rustup`.
+
+You need to build your own Rust, the target can be build with:
+
+```bash
+./x build --target riscv64a23-unknown-linux-gnu
+```
+
+## Building Rust programs
+
+Add the toolchain:
+
+```bash
+rustup toolchain link rva23-toolchain {path-to-rust}/build/host/stage2
+```
+
+Then cross compile crates with:
+
+```bash
+RUSTFLAGS="-C linker=riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc" cargo +rva23-toolchain build --target=riscv64a23-unknown-linux-gnu
+```
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